title: The male osteoporosis risk estimation score and the osteoporosis self-assessment screening tool for Indonesian men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the male osteoporosis risk estimation score (MORES) and the osteoporosis self-assessment screening tool (OST) score as a means of screening for osteoporosis in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 113 Indonesian men aged 50 to 91 (mean, 71) years who underwent evaluation of bone mineral density (T-score) using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were retrospectively reviewed. The MORES was determined by 3 osteoporosis risk factors: age (in years), body weight (in kg), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. A MORES of ≥6 indicated osteoporosis and corresponded to a T-score of ≤-2.5. The OST score was calculated as body weight (in kg) minus age (in years) multiplied by 0.2. An OST score of ≤2 indicated osteoporosis and corresponded to a T-score of ≤-2.5. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the MORES and the OST score were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respectively for the MORES and the OST score, sensitivity values were 100% and 74%, specificity values were 7% and 41%, positive predictive values were 25% and 28%, and negative predictive values were 100% and 83%. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under curve was 0.535 for the MORES and 0.574 for the OST score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MORES and the OST score should be used together to screen for osteoporosis in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. yfransiska@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yuliana
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fransiska
authors.forename: Bambang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tiksnadi
authors.forename: Rizal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chaidir
authors.forename: Yoyos Dias
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Ismiarto
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity