title: Molecular screening of major bacterial enteropathogens in human stool samples from diarrhoeal outbreak sites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  V. cholera types have been implicated often in a number of occasions in diarrhoeal outbreaks in Nepal. The recent outbreak in Far Western Nepal, 2009, was also attributed primarily to V. cholera. Molecular tools were used for the first time on some of the samples from the outbreak to screen for major pathogens present in those samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  A commercial multiplex PCR kit based bacterial enteropathogen screening assessment was carried out on 33 human stool samples from areas of a diarrhoeal outbreak in Nepal. A total of 10 pathogenic bacterial strains at the genus level were targeted using primers provided by the manufacturer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial pathogens were detected in 23 samples (69.7%). Vibrio species was detected at an overall frequency of 36.4% followed by Aeromonas spp (33.3%) and Shigella spp (15.2%) along with Verocytotoxin producing E. coli (VTEC) family (15.2%). The frequency of singly occurring pathogen in all samples was 18.2% with most of the bacterial pathogens detected in combination with other pathogens at a frequency of 60.6%. The study also shows that majority 73 (86%) of the research centers didn't start the research yet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This first ever molecular screening study shows that bacterial screening is indeed possible in diarrhoeal samples. The results obtained from this study will enable monitoring of future such outbreaks using similar techniques.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. s.dixit@cmdn.org
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Karmacharya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manandhar
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Maskey
mesh_terms: D000333:Aeromonas; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1; D012760:Shigella; D014733:Vibrio; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1