title: Fish consumption, fish atopy and related heavy metals in childhood eczema.
abstract: Due to increasing worldwide water pollution, fish might be a source of excessive zinc, mercury, arsenic or manganese intake. The aim of this study was to evaluate if fish atopy/sensitization and fish consumption behavior are associated with eczema severity and blood levels of the 4 heavy metals.One-hundred and nineteen patients with eczema and 43 patients with miscellaneous non-eczema skin diseases were studied. There were no differences in average weekly fish consumption and blood levels of the 4 heavy metals between eczema and non-eczema groups. Blood levels of these metals were generally within the upper limits of local reference ranges in all these patients. In eczema patients, freshwater fish consumption behavior in days-per-week was correlated with blood arsenic and mercury levels (rho=0.17, p<0.01 for both metals), but not with zinc or manganese. Levels of arsenic and mercury were also correlated with days of seawater fish consumption per week (arsenic: 0.38, mercury: 0.24, p <0.05).Fish sensitization was present in 25% of patients with eczema. Nevertheless, there was no difference in terms of fish consumption behavior, eczema severity, quality of life, and heavy metal levels between eczema patients with or without fish sensitization. We conclude that without exceeding local normal reference ranges, blood arsenic and mercury levels correlated with fish consumption behavior. There is no evidence to suggest that fish sensitization is associated with more severe eczema (bad for eczema), or that patients have milder eczema with more days of fish consumption (good for eczema).
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. ehon@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Kam Lun
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hon
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Shuxin Susan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hugh Simon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Ting Fan
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001151:Arsenic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D008628:Mercury / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008345:Manganese; D008628:Mercury; D015032:Zinc; D001151:Arsenic