title: Derailed estrogen signaling and breast cancer: an authentic couple.
abstract: Estrogen or 17β-estradiol, a steroid hormone, plays a critical role in the development of mammary gland via acting through specific receptors. In particular, estrogen receptor-α (ERα) acts as a transcription factor and/or a signal transducer while participating in the development of mammary gland and breast cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that the transcriptional activity of ERα is altered by the action of nuclear receptor coregulators and might be responsible, at least in part, for the development of breast cancer. In addition, this process is driven by various posttranslational modifications of ERα, implicating active participation of the upstream receptor modifying enzymes in breast cancer progression. Emerging studies suggest that the biological outcome of breast cancer cells is also influenced by the cross talk between microRNA and ERα signaling, as well as by breast cancer stem cells. Thus, multiple regulatory controls of ERα render mammary epithelium at risk for transformation upon deregulation of normal homeostasis. Given the importance that ERα signaling has in breast cancer development, here we will highlight how the activity of ERα is controlled by various regulators in a spatial and temporal manner, impacting the progression of the disease. We will also discuss the possible therapeutic value of ERα modulators as alternative drug targets to retard the progression of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Gachibowli, Prof. CR Rao Road, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India. manavathibsl@uohyd.ernet.in
authors.forename: Bramanandam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manavathi
authors.forename: Oindrilla
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: Vijay Narsihma Reddy
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Gajulapalli
authors.forename: Raghavendra Singh
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bugide
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D004958:Estradiol; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004967:Estrogens; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D035683:MicroRNAs; D004958:Estradiol