title: Inner strength in relation to perceived physical and mental health among the oldest old people with chronic illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine inner strength, defined as connectedness, firmness, flexibility, and creativity, and its relation to mental and physical health in a sample of the oldest old chronically ill women and men living at home.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 79 older women and 41 men in the age range of 80-101 years old (mean = 87.5) participated in this study. Inner strength measured by Resilience Scale, Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), Purpose in Life Test (PIL), and Self-Transcendence Test (STS) was viewed in relation to mental and physical health (SF-36 Health Survey).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiencing connectedness, firmness, flexibility, and creativity were equal for women and men. SOC, PIL, and STS showed moderate inner strength. Medium and low resilience made the participants feel vulnerable. A significant correlation was observed between the variables for inner strength and mental health for women, men, and the total sample. STS was associated with mental and physical health for the total sample and for women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the oldest old women and men were vulnerable, they had inner strength. Encouraging participation using the inner strength of the oldest old can contribute to strengthen their experiences of independence, integrity, and enjoying life.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Science, Nord-Trøndelag University College, Levanger, Norway. aud.moe@hint.no
authors.forename: Aud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moe
authors.forename: Ove
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hellzen
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ekker
authors.forename: Ingela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Enmarker
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012107:Research Design; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D020377:Self Efficacy; D060685:Sense of Coherence; D012737:Sex Factors