title: Accumulated financial strain and women's health over three decades.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drawing from cumulative inequality theory, this research examines how accumulated financial strain affects women's self-rated health in middle and later life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women (1967-2003), we employ random-coefficient growth curve models to examine whether recurring financial strain influences women's health, above and beyond several measures of objective social status. Predicted probabilities of poor health were estimated by the frequency of financial strain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Financial strain is associated with rapid declines in women's health during middle and later life, especially for those women who reported recurrent strain. Changes in household income and household wealth were also associated with women's health but did not eliminate the effects due to accumulated financial strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accumulated financial strain has long-term effects on women's health during middle and later life. The findings demonstrate the importance of measuring life course exposure to stressors in studies of health trajectories.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 729, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. tshippee@umn.edu
authors.forename: Tetyana Pylypiv
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Shippee
authors.forename: Lindsay R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Kenneth F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Ferraro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006304:Health Status; D006608:Hierarchy, Social; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D014481:United States