title: Effect of exercise therapy on lipid parameters in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dyslipidemia has been established as a well-known traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the impact of Hatha yoga exercise on lipid parameters in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective randomized study consisted of 33 ESRD patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group that was matched with 35 ESRD patients in the control group. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol were determined at baseline (0 month) and after 4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing values after 4 months versus baseline in the prehemodialysis Hatha yoga exercise group, there was found a significant decrease in total cholesterol from 5.126 ± 0.092 mmol/l to 4.891 ± 0.072 mmol/l (-4.58%; P = 0.0001), triglycerides from 2.699 ± 0.078 mmol/l to 2.530 ± 0.063 mmol/l (-6.26%; P = 0.0001), LDL-cholesterol from 2.729 ± 0.083 mmol/l to 2.420 ± 0.066 mmol/l (-11.32%; P = 0.0001), and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio from 5.593 ± 0.119 mmol/l to 4.907 ± 0.116 mmol/l (-12.26%; P = 0.047). For patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group, 51.5% had normal total cholesterol at 0 month while 70.0% had normal total cholesterol (P < 0.05) after 4 four months and 54.5% of patients had normal LDL-cholesterol at 0 month while 84.9% had normal LDL-cholesterol after 4 months (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that Hatha yoga exercise has preventive and beneficial effects and may be a safe therapeutic modality in ESRD patients.
authors.affiliation: Kingston Public Hospital, North Street, Kingston, Jamaica. lorenzogordon@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Donovan A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: McGrowder
authors.forename: Yeiny T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lawrence-Wright