title: Beverage consumption patterns of Canadian adults aged 19 to 65 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the beverage intake patterns of Canadian adults and explore characteristics of participants in different beverage clusters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses of nationally representative data with cross-sectional complex stratified design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2 (2004).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 14 277 participants aged 19-65 years, in whom dietary intake was assessed using a single 24 h recall, were included in the study. After determining total intake and the contribution of beverages to total energy intake among age/sex groups, cluster analysis (K-means method) was used to classify males and females into distinct clusters based on the dominant pattern of beverage intakes. To test differences across clusters, χ2 tests and 95 % confidence intervals of the mean intakes were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six beverage clusters in women and seven beverage clusters in men were identified. 'Sugar-sweetened' beverage clusters - regular soft drinks and fruit drinks - as well as a 'beer' cluster, appeared for both men and women. No 'milk' cluster appeared among women. The mean consumption of the dominant beverage in each cluster was higher among men than women. The 'soft drink' cluster in men had the lowest proportion of the higher levels of education, and in women the highest proportion of inactivity, compared with other beverage clusters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patterns of beverage intake in Canadian women indicate high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages particularly fruit drinks, low intake of milk and high intake of beer. These patterns in women have implications for poor bone health, risk of obesity and other morbidities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Nooshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikpartow
authors.forename: Adrienne D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Danyliw
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Whiting
authors.forename: Hyun J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hassanali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vatanparast
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000818:Animals; D001515:Beer; D001628:Beverages; D002170:Canada; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004326:Drinking; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D013549:Sweetening Agents