title: Silymarin potentiates the anti-inflammatory effects of Celecoxib on chemically induced osteoarthritis in rats.
abstract: Silymarin (SMN) is used as an antioxidant complex to attenuate the pro-oxidant effects of toxic agents. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of SMN, Celecoxib (CLX) individually and in combination on monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in rat. Forty adult Wistar rats were assigned to control and test groups. Animals in the test group following OA induction were subdivided into 4 subgroups according to the treatment profile: OA(+); received saline normal (5ml/kg, b.w.), OA(+)CLX(+); received CLX (100mg/kg, orally), OA(+)SMN(+), received SMN (50mg/kg, orally), and OA(+)CLX(+)SMN(+), received both CLX and SMN. The animals received test compounds by gastric gavage for 14 consecutive days. Animals in the OA(+) group showed a significant (p<0.01) increase in serum and synovial levels of IL-1β, while both test compounds reduced the IL-1β level. Both CLX and SMN lowered the OA-increased level of malondialdehyde by 77% and 79% and nitric oxide by 73% and 76%, respectively, in the synovial tissue. Special safranin O (SO) histopathological staining revealed that CLX and SMN improved the MIA-induced destruction and fibrillation in cartilage surface. CLX and SMN regulated the MIA-up regulated IL-1β at mRNA level. The combination therapy resulted in an additive effect between CLX and SMN in biochemical, histopathological and molecular assays. These findings suggest that SMN exerts anti-inflammatory effect and also potentiates the anti-inflammatory effect of CLX on MIA-induced OA. The anti-inflammatory property of SMN may attribute to its antioxidant capacity, which affects the proinflammatory mediators at translational and transcriptional level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Manasagangotri, Mysore University, India.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ashkavand
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malekinejad
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amniattalab
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezaei-Golmisheh
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Vishwanath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology; D000068579:Celecoxib; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004357:Drug Synergism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012838:Silymarin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012838:Silymarin; D013449:Sulfonamides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000068579:Celecoxib; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid