title: Transdermal hormonal therapy in perimenstrual migraine: why, when and how?
abstract: Experimental and clinical evidence is strongly in favor of a role for estrogens in migraine. It is clear that estrogen fluctuations represent trigger factors for the attacks, while the resolution of these fluctuations (menopause) may be associated to the remission or, conversely, to the worsening of the disease. However, the exact mechanisms and mediators underlying the effects of estrogens in migraine are largely unknown. The exact mechanisms and mediators underlying the effects of estrogens in migraine are largely unknown. In this review, we summarize clinical and preclinical data that are relevant for the role of estrogens in migraine and we discuss how estrogen modulation can be exploited positively to improve hormonal-related migraine.
authors.affiliation: Headache Science Centre, IRCCS National Neurological Institute C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy. cristina.tassorelli@mondino.it
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tassorelli
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allena
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Terreno
authors.forename: Rossella E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Nappi
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens