title: The diagnosis of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a prevalent genetic disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, presenting dynamic obstruction of outflow tract with subaortic gradient happening at rest in 30% of the cases. It is attributed to the intricate interaction between the anterior mitral leaflet, the interventricular septum and altered flow vectors generated in left ventricle along with changes in outflow tract geometry. Mitral regurgitation in varying degrees is found with or without association with structural deformities of the valve apparatus. The exercise echocardiogram evidences latent obstruction easily induced by exercise in 60 to 75% of non-obstructive forms. The determination of the gradient under this condition must be considered in routine investigation of patients with mild or no obstruction at rest. The evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy incorporates methods based on the ultrasound image, which, along with MRI, allow recognizing ventricular obstruction generating mechanisms, thus facilitating the diagnosis and management of obstructive and latent obstructive forms.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. bpmattos@cardiol.br
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piva e Mattos
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Rodrigues
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Taiane Francieli
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Rebelatto
authors.forename: Melina Silva de
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Loreto
authors.forename: Fernando Luís
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Scolari
mesh_terms: D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology