title: Biomechanical profile of the cornea in primary congenital glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to investigate the biomechanical properties of the cornea in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and to identify the potential ocular determinants, which affect the corneal biomechanical metrics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured in 26 patients with PCG (40 eyes) with the aid of ocular response analyser. In vivo laser-scanning confocal microscopy was used for the estimation of stromal keratocyte density (KD) and the evaluation of corneal endothelium. Twenty normal subjects (40 eyes) served as controls. Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. p Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Corneal hysteresis, CRF and CCT were significantly reduced in patients with PCG (all p < 0.05). Corneal hysteresis and CRF negatively correlated with the corneal diameter in both groups (r(1) = -0.53, r(2) = -0.66, p < 0.001 for CH and r(1) = -0.61, r(2) = -0.69, p < 0.001 for CRF). Moreover, we identified a significant correlation between CH and CRF with CCT in both groups (r(1) = 0.51, r(2) = 0.48, p < 0.001 for CH and r(1)  = 0.45, r(2) = 0.44, p < 0.001 for CRF). Mean KD was significantly reduced both in the anterior and posterior corneal stroma in patients with PCG (764 ± 162 and 362 ± 112 cells/mm(2) , respectively) compared with controls (979 ± 208 and 581 ± 131 cells/mm(2) , respectively) (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the keratocyte density in anterior and/or posterior stroma and CH or CRF in any group (r(1) = 0.29, r(2) = 0.31, p < 0.06). Mean endothelial cell density was also significantly reduced in PCG group (2920 ± 443 cells/mm(2) ) compared with control group (3421 ± 360 cells/mm(2) ) (p < 0.001). Pleomorphism and polymegalism were significantly increased in corneal endothelium of patients with PCG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed a significant reduction in CH and CRF in PCG. Both CH and CRF were negatively correlated with corneal diameter. A significant correlation of CH and CRF with CCT was identified in both groups. Keratocyte density was decreased in PCG, but did not have a significant impact on CH and CRF. Mean endothelial density was also decreased in PCG. Our results suggest that reduced CCT and increased corneal diameter are major ocular determinants for the modified corneal biomechanical profile in PCG, while cellular alterations in corneal stroma and endothelium have no significant biomechanical impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthamology, University Medical Center of Saarland UKS, Homburg/Saar, Germany. zisis.gkatzioufas@uks.eu
authors.forename: Zisis
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gatzioufas
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Labiris
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stachs
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hovakimyan
authors.forename: Arnulf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schnaidt
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viestenz
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Käsmann-Kellner
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seitz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002452:Cell Count; D003315:Cornea / Q000503:physiopathology*; D060527:Corneal Keratocytes / Q000473:pathology; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006871:Hydrophthalmos / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate