title: Peak oxygen uptake prediction from a moderate, perceptually regulated, 1-km treadmill walk in male cardiac patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a moderate 1-km treadmill walking test (1KTWT) could be used to predict peak oxygen uptake VO(2)peak) in patients with cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-eight male patients, aged 38 to 83 years, completed a VO(2)peak treadmill test and a 1KTWT using a self-regulated intensity of 11 to 13 of 20 on the Borg scale. Multivariable regression analysis was used to develop equations for predicting VO(2)peak in a development group (n = 110), both for subjects prescribed and not prescribed a β-blocking agent (BB/NBB, 66/44). These equations were then applied to a cross-validation and reproducibility group (n = 68, BB/NBB, 37/31), who completed the protocol twice within 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis from 1KTWT in the development group showed that age, body mass index, walking speed, and heart rate were the most potent predictors of VO(2)peak. Measured and predicted VO(2)peak were not significantly different, and were strongly associated among both the NBB (r = 0.81, P < .0001) and BB (r = 0.69, P < .0001) groups, with a mean residual of approximately 1.0 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1). When applied to the cross-validation and reproducibility group, the equations similarly yielded strong associations (r = 0.64, P < 0.001 and r = 0.71, P < 0.001 for the NBB and BB groups, respectively), with no significantly differences between measured and predicted VO(2)peak. Mean test-retest differences for measured and predicted VO(2)peak were between 0.1 and -0.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Equations developed from the 1KTWT accurately predicted VO(2)peak in patients with cardiovascular disease. The model may represent a valid, low cost, and simple tool for indirect estimations of cardiorespiratory fitness in an outpatient setting.
authors.affiliation: Center of Biomedical Studies Applied to Sport, University of Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiaranda
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzoni
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Terranova
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Codecà
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conconi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grazzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010465:Perception; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*