title: The biosynthetic capacities of the plastids and integration between cytoplasmic and chloroplast processes.
abstract: Plastids are semiautonomous organelles derived from cyanobacterial ancestors. Following endosymbiosis, plastids have evolved to optimize their functions, thereby limiting metabolic redundancy with other cell compartments. Contemporary plastids have also recruited proteins produced by the nuclear genome of the host cell. In addition, many genes acquired from the cyanobacterial ancestor evolved to code for proteins that are targeted to cell compartments other than the plastid. Consequently, metabolic pathways are now a patchwork of enzymes of diverse origins, located in various cell compartments. Because of this, a wide range of metabolites and ions traffic between the plastids and other cell compartments. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the well-known, and of the as yet uncharacterized, chloroplast/cytosol exchange processes, which can be deduced from what is currently known about compartmentation of plant-cell metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. norbert.rolland@cea.fr
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Curien
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Finazzi
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuntz
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maréchal
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matringe
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravanel
authors.forename: Daphné
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seigneurin-Berny
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D053141:Organelle Size; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010788:Photosynthesis; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018087:Plastids / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D060365:Chloroplast Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide