title: Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and expression of microRNAs in breast cancer cells.
abstract: DNA methylation of promoters is linked to transcriptional silencing of protein-coding genes, and its alteration plays important roles in cancer formation. For example, hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes has been seen in some cancers. Alteration of methylation in the promoters of microRNAs (miRNAs) has also been linked to transcriptional changes in cancers; however, no systematic studies of methylation and transcription of miRNAs have been reported. In the present study, to clarify the relation between DNA methylation and transcription of miRNAs, next-generation sequencing and microarrays were used to analyze the methylation and expression of miRNAs, protein-coding genes, other non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and pseudogenes in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and the adriamycin (ADR) resistant cell line MCF7/ADR. DNA methylation in the proximal promoter of miRNAs is tightly linked to transcriptional silencing, as it is with protein-coding genes. In protein-coding genes, highly expressed genes have CpG-rich proximal promoters whereas weakly expressed genes do not. This is only rarely observed in other gene categories, including miRNAs. The present study highlights the epigenetic similarities and differences between miRNA and protein-coding genes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryou-U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Genomics, Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 6-3-09, aza Aoba, Aramaki, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
authors.forename: Riu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Center for Genetic Resource Information, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Center for Genetic Resource Information, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
authors.forename: Asao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiyama
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.affiliation: DNA Chip Research Inc., 1-1-43 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matoba
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochiya
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Izuho
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hatada
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs