title: Prenatal exposure to pesticide ingredient piperonyl butoxide and childhood cough in an urban cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously we reported that airborne concentrations of cis-permethrin, but not trans-permethrin, measured during pregnancy in an inner city pediatric cohort was associated with cough by age 5. However, the effect of subsequent exposures to both permethrins during early childhood, and to piperonyl butoxide (PBO, a synergist for residential pyrethroid insecticides) remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that prenatal and age 5-6 year measures of PBO and permethrins would be associated with cough at age 5-6 years in this cohort. Further, we explored the associations between these pesticide measures and wheeze, asthma, seroatopy, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).
  
  
  METHODS
  PBO and permethrins were measured in personal air during the third trimester of pregnancy and indoor residential air at age 5-6 years (n=224). Health outcome questionnaires were administered to the mothers of 5-6 year old children. Indoor allergen specific and total immunoglobulin (Ig) E production was measured from sera collected at age 5, and FeNO was measured at 5-6 years. The hypotheses were tested using regression models adjusting for common confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Noninfectious cough was reported among 14% of children at age 5-6 years. Measures of prenatal PBO, but not age 5-6 year PBO or permethrins, increased the odds of cough [OR (95% CI): 1.27 (1.09-1.48), p<0.01; n=217]. No significant associations were found for other measured health outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prenatal PBO exposure was associated with childhood cough. It is unclear whether the observed effect is due mainly to PBO itself or residential pyrethroids of which PBO is an indicator.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168 Street, PH8E-101, New York, NY 10032, USA. bl2444@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Bian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kyung Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Megan K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Camann
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ann Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Reardon
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Perzanowski
authors.forename: Hanjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Frederica P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Whyatt
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003371:Cough / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000097:blood*; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010575:Pesticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide