title: Elevated expression of LSD1 (Lysine-specific demethylase 1) during tumour progression from pre-invasive to invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lysine-specific demethylase1 (LSD1) is a nuclear protein which belongs to the aminooxidase-enzymes playing an important role in controlling gene expression. It has also been found highly expressed in several human malignancies including breast carcinoma. Our aim was to detect LSD1 expression also in pre-invasive neoplasias of the breast. In the current study we therefore analysed LSD1 protein expression in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in comparison to invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using immunohistochemistry we systematically analysed LSD1 expression in low grade DCIS (n = 27), intermediate grade DCIS (n = 30), high grade DCIS (n = 31) and in invasive ductal breast cancer (n = 32). SPSS version 18.0 was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LSD1 was differentially expressed in DCIS and invasive ductal breast cancer. Interestingly, LSD1 was significantly overexpressed in high grade DCIS versus low grade DCIS. Differences in LSD1 expression levels were also statistically significant between low/intermediate DCIS and invasive ductal breast carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LSD1 is also expressed in pre-invasive neoplasias of the breast. Additionally, there is a gradual increase of LSD1 expression within tumour progression from pre-invasive DCIS to invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Therefore upregulation of LSD1 may be an early tumour promoting event.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn 53127, Germany.
authors.forename: Nuran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Serce
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn 53127, Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gnatzy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn 53127, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn 53127, Germany.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lorenzen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn 53127, Germany.
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirfel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, Cologne, 50924, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buettner