title: HDL cholesterol is not HDL--don't judge the book by its cover.
abstract: The concept that raising HDL-cholesterol level will uniformly translate into cardiovascular risk reduction has been challenged by genetic epidemiology studies and large-scale, randomized clinical trials. Studies suggest that we should go beyond HDL cholesterol, and consider emerging biomarkers of HDL concentration, composition, and functionality as surrogates for cardiovascular risk reduction.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Pavilion Marguerite-D'Youville, 4th Floor, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
authors.forename: Benoit J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Arsenault
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
mesh_terms: D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000473:pathology*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL