title: Brain physiology and the mind in the nineteenth century.
abstract: This article explores the integration of research and theory in nineteenth-century neurophysiology. Four generalities combine to explain their integration. They are the core beliefs of the neurologists, the pervasive habit of perceiving mind when observing behavior, the criteria for the existence of mind, and mind as an efficient cause. These generalities help explain specific choices made by certain researchers to work within the traditional model of the nervous system, to reject materialism, and to find intelligence and voluntary behaviors in physiological systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuropsychological Services, New York, NY 11530-5614, USA. jwayne314@aol.com
authors.forename: J Wayne
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lazar
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D009420:Nervous System; D009482:Neurophysiology / Q000266:history*; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011603:Psychophysiology