title: The validity of immunocytochemical expression of cyclin D1 in fine needle aspiration cytology of breast carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work is to study the validity of cyclin D1 expression, a cell cycle regulatory protein, on (fine needle aspiration cytology) FNAC samples in patients with breast carcinoma using immunostaining technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a study done on 70 patients with primary breast carcinoma, presented to Cytology Unit, Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. They underwent preoperative FNAC and diagnosed as breast carcinoma. The cytologic and tissue section slides were subjected to cyclin D1 immunocytochemical staining. Only the nuclear immunoreactivity for cyclin D1 was considered specific. The rate of concordance, and discordance, and kappa value were calculated. Relation between cytologic expression of cyclin D1 and different clinicopathologic parameters was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclin D1 immunocytochemical expression was observed in 53/70 cases (75.7%) in cytologic smears. In histologic sections of the corresponding cases, cyclin D1was detected in 48/70 cases (68.6%). The concordance rate of cyclin D1 expression in the FNA and histologic sections was 87.1% while the discordance rate was 12.9%. Kappa showed a value of 0.65. A statistically significant relation was found between cyclin D1 immunocytochemical expression and hormonal status as well as nuclear grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclin D1 immunocytochemical expression can be performed successfully on cytologic samples with a high concordance rate and agreement with histologic results. This can help in determining tumor biology, and plan for patients' treatment. The marker showed a significant relation with hormone receptor status and nuclear grade.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pathology, Cytopathology Unit, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Noha781973@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Noha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ezzat
authors.forename: Nesreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hafez
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D019938:Cyclin D1