title: Metabolic regulation, mitochondria and the life-prolonging effect of rapamycin: a mini-review.
abstract: The fungicide rapamycin increases lifespan in eukaryotes by interfering with the activity of a serine/threonine kinase called TOR (target of rapamycin). TOR complex 1 (TORC1) is an essential integrator of cellular nutrient cues, growth signals and cellular metabolism. Here, we review major components of TORC1, its downstream effectors and lifespan studies in various organisms involving these signaling components. In particular, we focus on the role of rapamycin in mitochondrial biogenesis, in metabolic regulation and in the control of reactive oxygen species production.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. yong.pan@gladstone.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verdin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus