title: Rapid and efficient sonochemical formation of gold nanoparticles under ambient conditions using functional alkoxysilane.
abstract: Gold nanoparticles (NPs) are rapidly and efficiently formed under ambient conditions with a novel and highly-efficient sonochemical promoter. Despite of the presence of free oxygen, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) showed remarkable efficiency in promoting the reduction rate of Au (III) than that of conventional promoters (primary alcohols). This is likely attributed to the formation of a variety of radical scavengers, which are alcoholic products from sonochemical hydrolysis of the epoxide group and methoxysilane moieties of GPTMS under weakly acidic conditions. Interestingly, the promotion is quenched by amine- or thiol-functionalized alkoxysilane, thereby producing marginal amounts of gold NPs. Furthermore, products of hydrolyzed GPTMS were confirmed to attach on the surface of gold NPs by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. However, according to transmission electron microscopy images, gold NPs that were produced in the presence of GPTMS tend to fuse with each other as condensation of silanols occurs, forming worm- or nugget-like gold nanostructures. The use of long chain surfactants (i.e. polyethylene glycol terminated with hydroxyl or carboxyl) inhibited the fusion, leading to mono-dispersed gold NPs. Additionally, the fact that this approach requires neither an ultrasound source with high frequency nor anaerobic conditions provides a huge advantage. These findings could potentially open an avenue for rapid and large-scale green-synthesis of gold NPs in future work.
authors.affiliation: Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. mywei@uta.edu
authors.forename: Ming-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Famouri
authors.forename: Lloyd
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Yongkuk
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Famouri