title: Acute toxicity impacts of Euphorbia hirta L extract on behavior, organs body weight index and histopathology of organs of the mice and Artemia salina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta L (Euphorbiaceae), which is used in traditional medicines, was tested for in vivo toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo brine shrimp lethality assay and oral acute toxicity study at single high dose of 5000 mg/kg and observation for 14 days in mice were used to study the toxic effect of E. hirta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to calculate the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of E. hirta (for leaves, stems, flowers and roots) methanolic extracts at concentrations from 100 to 0.07 mg/ml. The LC(50) values of 1.589, 1.420, 0.206 and 0.0827 mg/ml were obtained for stems, leaves, flowers and roots, respectively. Potassium dichromate (the positive control) had LC(50) value of 0.00758 mg/ml. The acute oral toxicity study of the leaf extract resulted in one third mortality and mild behavioral changes among the treated mice. No significant statistical differences found between body weight, relative (%) and absolute (g) organ weights of treated and untreated groups (P> 0.05). Gross and microscopic examination of the vital organ tissues revealed no differences between control and treated mice. All the tissues appeared normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E. hirta leaves methanol extract has exhibited mild toxic effects in mice.
authors.affiliation: Biology Division, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Abu Basma
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rajeh
authors.forename: Yuet Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Zuraini
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: Lachimanan Yoga
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Latha
authors.forename: Subramanion L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jothy
authors.forename: Sreenivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasidharan