title: Trends in health worker performance after implementing the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy in Benin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Training health workers to use Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines can improve care for ill children in outpatient settings in developing countries. However, even after IMCI training, important performance gaps exist. One potential reason is that the effect of training can rapidly wane. Our aim was to determine if the performance of IMCI-trained health workers deteriorated over 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied two departments in Benin. First, we performed a record review of 32 IMCI-trained health workers during the first year of IMCI implementation (2001-2002). Second, we analysed data from cross-sectional health facility surveys from 2001 to 2004 that represented the entire study area. Primary outcomes were the proportion of children under 5 years old with potentially life-threatening illnesses who received either recommended or adequate treatment, and among all children, an index of overall guideline adherence. Secondary outcomes reflected the treatment of individual diseases. Outcomes were calculated monthly, and time trends were evaluated with regression modelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The record review included 9393 consultations, and the surveys included 411 consultations performed by 105 health workers. For both data sources, performance trends were essentially flat for nearly all outcomes. Absolute levels of performance revealed substantial performance gaps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence that performance declined over 3 years after IMCI training. However, important performance gaps found immediately after IMCI training persisted and should be addressed.
authors.affiliation: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. axr9@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Alexander K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Osterholt
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kouamé
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piercefield
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Faustin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Onikpo
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lama
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Deming
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000639:trends*; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / Q000639:trends*; D003906:Developing Countries; D019468:Disease Management; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D016134:Organizational Policy; D010372:Pediatrics; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000639:trends; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000639:trends*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055815:Young Adult