title: New model of in-situ xenograft lymphangiogenesis by a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line in nude mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore a new model of in-situ xenograft lymphangiogenesis of human colonic adenocarcinomas in nude mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  On the basis of establishing subcutaneous xenograft lymphangiogenesis model of human colonic adenocarcinoms, in-situ xenografts were established through the in situ growth of the HT-29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line in nude mice. The numbers of lymphangiogenic microvessels, the expression of lymphatic endothelial cell markers lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaloronic acid receptor-1 (LYVE-1), D2-40 and the lymphatic endothelial growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), -D (VEGF-D) and receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) were compared by immunohistochemical staining, Western bolt and quantitative RT-PCR in xenograft in-situ models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some microlymphatics with thin walls, large and irregular or collapsed cavities and increased LMVD, with strong positive of LYVE-1, D2-40 in immunohistochemistry, were observed, identical with the morphological characteristics of lymphatic vessels and capillaries. Expression of LYVE-1 and D2-40 proteins and mRNAs were significantly higher in xenografts in-situ than in the negative control group (both P<0.01). Moreover, the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 proteins and mRNAs were significantly higher in xenografts in-situ (both P<0.01), in conformity with the signal regulation of the VEGF-C,-D/VEGFR-3 axis of tumor lymphangiogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In-situ xenografts of a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line demonstrate tumor lymphangiogenesis. This novel in-situ animal model should be useful for further studying mechanisms of lymph node metastasis, drug intervention and anti-metastasis therapy in colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Xiao-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Hai-Hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yue-Zu
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000378:metabolism; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D / Q000378:metabolism; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3; C492273:LYVE1 protein, mouse; C467483:vascular endothelial growth factor C, mouse