title: Evaluation of the Duration of Action and Comparative Effectiveness of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate and Behavioral Treatment in Youth With ADHD in a Quasi-Naturalistic Setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the relative effects of three treatment conditions: long-acting stimulant medication (MED), behavior modification, and medication/behavioral treatments combined (COM) in children with ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 25 children, aged 6 to 12 years, received the three treatment conditions during a 7-week Summer Treatment Program in an alternating treatments design. Counselors completed behavioral ratings from 0.5 to 12.5 hr post dose, and parents completed nighttime ratings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ratings for SKAMP (Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham) and for following instructions indicated COM and MED improved symptoms over BEH treatment beginning 3 hr post dose (p = .008), with ratings maintained 12.5 hr post dose (p = .001 and .006). Results for frustration tolerance indicated significant improvement in all three conditions until 9 hr post dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MED and COM separated from BEH at 3 hr post dose, and sustained benefit was observed across the day for two of three measures. BEH appears to have an additive effect, extending the duration of frustration tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA manosm@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Manos
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Caserta
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Short
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Raleigh
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Frazier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D057565:Apathy; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005639:Frustration; D006801:Humans; D000069478:Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010290:Parents; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D011355:Prodrugs; D008774:Methylphenidate; D000069478:Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate