title: Inhaled therapies, azithromycin and Mycobacterium abscessus in cystic fibrosis patients.
abstract: Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are at particularly high risk of developing lung disease caused by Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC). Over the last 10 years, changes in CF treatment, with increasing use of inhaled therapies and low-dose azithromycin, have been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of MABSC infections in CF patients. There is therefore some concern about the role of new CF treatments in the emergence of MABSC infections. We addressed this issue by means of a case-control study including 30 MABSC-positive cases and 60 nontuberculous mycobacteria-negative CF controls matched for age, sex and centre. We also compared practices at the CF centres with the highest prevalence of MABSC with those at the other centres. No positive association was found between MABSC lung disease and the use of inhaled therapies or low-dose azithromycin in the 4 years preceding MABSC isolation. These treatments were not significantly more frequently used at the CF centres with the highest MABSC prevalence rates. In conclusion, there is no evidence for a link between M. abscessus complex lung disease and inhaled therapies or low-dose azithromycin in patients with CF.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré et Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Catherinot
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: Marie-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vibet
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellis
authors.forename: Lydie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lemonnier
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le Roux
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernède-Bauduin
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Bourgeois
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guillemot
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gaillard
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin