title: Innate immune response of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) exposed to atrazine.
abstract: The impact of agrichemicals on aquatic vertebrate species has been a matter of increasing concern to researchers and environmentalist. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a sublethal concentration of atrazine (10% of the LC(50-96 h)), a world-wide used herbicide, on the innate immune system of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). A significant reduction on phagocytic index, bacteria agglutination and bactericidal activity of the serum, serum lysozyme and total serum peroxidase activity was observed in fish exposed to atrazine for 24 h. After 10 days exposure to atrazine, only bactericidal activity of the serum, bacteria agglutination and total serum peroxidase activity were significantly reduced. Atrazine had no effect on the natural complement hemolytic activity. Our results demonstrate that atrazine decreases the innate immune response of fingerlings, which might increase its susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Campus I, Bairro São José, BR 282, km 171, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. lckreutz@upf.br
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kreutz
authors.forename: Leonardo José Gil
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Barcellos
authors.forename: Ezequiel Davi
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Mateus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pivato
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanatta
mesh_terms: D000193:Actinomycetales Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001280:Atrazine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002397:Catfishes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015941:Complement Hemolytic Activity Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008297:Male; D016982:Micrococcus luteus / Q000502:physiology; D009113:Muramidase / Q000097:blood; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D009195:Peroxidase; D009113:Muramidase; D001280:Atrazine