title: Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in a sample of Portuguese adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is scarce evidence regarding the association between diet and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Portuguese population. We aim to evaluate the association between a posteriori dietary patterns (DPs) and MetS and its features.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using random digit dialing, a sample of 2167 adults was selected between 1999 and 2003, in Porto. During a face-to-face interview, a questionnaire was applied, anthropometric measures were taken, blood pressure measured and a fasting blood sample collected. Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and four DPs were identified in each sex by multivariate finite mixture models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age and daily energy intake, comparing to the "healthy" DP, women with the "low fruit and vegetables" DP had a higher odds of high waist circumference (OR = 1.88 95% CI 1.17-3.01) and low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 1.78 95% IC 1.12-2.82) and women in the "red meat and alcohol" DP had higher odds of high waist circumference (OR = 1.45 95% CI 1.01-2.07) and of MetS (OR = 1.57 95% CI 1.07-2.29); men with the "fish" DP had a higher odds of high triglycerides (OR = 1.57 95% CI 1.05-2.35). After further adjustments (education, physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, and menopausal status) no significant associations remained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four distinct DPs were identified in a community sample of Portuguese adults and there was no association with the prevalence of MetS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº 135, Porto 4050-600, Portugal. mjoaolfonseca@gmail.com
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaio
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL