title: Relationship of sympathetic activity to bone microstructure, turnover, and plasma osteopontin levels in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies in rodents have demonstrated that sympathetic activity reduces bone formation and bone mass; these effects are mediated by the noncollagenous matrix protein, osteopontin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to relate sympathetic activity (measured using microneurography at the peroneal nerve) to bone microstructure (assessed by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography), bone turnover, and plasma osteopontin levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three women aged 20-72 yr (10 premenopausal and 13 postmenopausal) were studied in the Clinical Research Unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sympathetic activity (bursts per 100 heart beats) was 2.4-fold higher in postmenopausal as compared with premenopausal women (P < 0.001). In the two groups combined and after age adjustment, sympathetic activity was inversely correlated with trabecular bone volume fraction (r = -0.55, P < 0.01) and thickness (r = -0.59, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with trabecular separation (r = 0.45, P < 0.05). Sympathetic activity was negatively correlated with serum amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen in postmenopausal women (r = -0.65, P = 0.015), with a similar trend in premenopausal women (r = -0.58, P = 0.082). Sympathetic activity was also negatively correlated with plasma osteopontin levels (r = -0.43, P = 0.045), driven mainly by the correlation in postmenopausal women (r = -0.76, P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings represent the first demonstration in humans of a relationship between sympathetic activity and bone microstructure and circulating levels of amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and osteopontin. Given the critical role of osteopontin in mediating the effects of β-adrenergic signaling on bone, the inverse association between sympathetic activity and plasma osteopontin levels may reflect a negative feedback loop to limit the deleterious effects of sympathetic activity on bone metabolism. Based on the higher sympathetic activity observed in postmenopausal women, additional human studies are needed to define the role of increased sympathetic activity in mediating postmenopausal bone loss.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Farr
authors.forename: Nisha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Charkoudian
authors.forename: Jill N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Monroe
authors.forename: Louise K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: McCready
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Shreyasee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: L Joseph
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Melton
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.forename: Sundeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khosla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000097:blood*; D010543:Peroneal Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D011859:Radiography; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D053495:Osteopontin