title: Consistency analysis of parenting styles in Thailand during children's first year.
abstract: This descriptive study identifies and examines the consistency of parenting styles during the first year of their children's lives. The data were collected from interviewing 4088 parents or primary care takers of the 6 month old infants during the third wave of data collection of The Prospective Cohort of Thai Children project. The instrument used was the Infant Parenting Styles Questionnaire, developed by the researchers, which reflected parental responses to infant care in five different situations. After the answers were categorized into controlling, reasoning, overprotection, and neglectful parenting styles, the weighted kappa was used for the consistency analysis. The findings revealed that during the first 6 months of life, the overprotection style was the most common, followed by the reasoning style. The controlling and neglectful styles were very seldom used. The consistency of the parental styles in the same care givers using the kappa values showed that agreement between each of the styles was very low (-0.0419 to 0.0688). This suggests that parenting styles during the first year of life seem to occur in random patterns.
authors.affiliation: Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. rarph@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Rutja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Phuphaibul
authors.forename: Jariya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wittayasooporn
authors.forename: Chanpen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Choprapawon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care / Q000379:methods*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand; D013997:Time Factors