title: Freshwater clams as bioconcentrators of avian influenza virus in water.
abstract: We report experimental evidence for bioconcentration of a low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H6N8) in the tissue of freshwater clams. Our results support the concept that freshwater clams may provide an effective tool for use in the early detection of influenza A viruses in aquatic environments.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA/APHIS) Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. kate.huyvaert@colostate.edu
authors.forename: Kathryn P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Huyvaert
authors.forename: Jenny S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Kevin T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Bentler
authors.forename: Kacy R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Cobble
authors.forename: Dale L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Franklin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000821:virology*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000821:virology*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral