title: Impact of right ventricular endocardial trabeculae on volumes and function assessed by CMR in patients with tetralogy of Fallot.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of right ventricular (RV) trabeculae and papillary muscles on measured volumes and function assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Sixty-five patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot underwent routine cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Endocardial and epicardial contours were drawn manually and included trabeculae and papillary muscles in the blood volume. Semi-automatic threshold-based segmentation software excluded these structures. Both methods were compared in terms of end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volume, ejection fraction and mass. Observer agreement was determined for all measures. Exclusion of trabeculae and papillary muscle in the RV blood volume decreased measured RV end-diastolic volume by 15 % (from 140 ± 35 to 120 ± 32 ml/m(2)) compared to inclusion, end-systolic volume by 21 % (from 74 ± 23 to 59 ± 20 ml/m(2)), stroke volume by 9 % (from 66 ± 16 to 60 ± 16 ml/m(2)) and relatively increased ejection fraction by 7 % (from 48 ± 7 to 51 ± 8 %) and end-diastolic mass by 79 % (from 28 ± 7 to 51 ± 10 g/m(2)), p < .01. Excluding trabeculae and papillary muscle resulted in an improved interobserver agreement of RV mass compared to including these structures (coefficient of agreement of 87 versus 78 %, p < .01). Trabeculae and papillary muscle significantly affect measured RV volumes, function and mass. Semi-automatic threshold-based segmentation software can reliably exclude trabeculae and papillary muscles from the RV blood volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hendrik G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Freling
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Wijk
authors.forename: Karolien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaspers
authors.forename: Petronella G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.forename: Karin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Jeroen M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Swieten
authors.forename: Tineke P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Willems
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001331:Automation; D004699:Endocardium / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015588:Observer Variation; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right; D055815:Young Adult