title: Homicidal deaths in the Western suburbs of Paris: a 15-year-study.
abstract: The aim of our study was to analyze the homicide pattern in the Western suburbs of Paris and its evolution between 1994 and 2008. All autopsy reports regarding homicides from the period January 1, 1994, to December 31, 2008, were retrospectively reviewed. Five hundred eleven homicide cases were selected of 4842 autopsy cases. The following data were recorded: assailants and victims characteristics, crime scene location, homicide motive, cause of death, and victim's postmortem toxicological results. Homicide rate steadily declined over the period at the exception of the number of homicide-suicide per year, which remained constant. Homicide victims remained unidentified after medicolegal investigations in 2% of the cases. Child and elder homicide cases represented, respectively, 10.7% and 8.2% of the cases. Offenders were male in 88% of the cases. Male and female assailants showed distinct homicide patterns: females were involved more frequently in familial quarrel and child abuse. They never killed a stranger and committed homicide exclusively in a private place with a predominance of sharp weapons. Males, in contrast, assaulted almost equally a stranger or an acquaintance, often in a public place with a predominance of firearm. Victim knew the assailant(s) in 57% of the cases. Homicides mostly took place at the residence of the assailant or the victim. Homicide motive was clearly determined in 71% of the cases. Argument was the most common motive in 44% of the cases. Sexual assault was rarely found (10 cases). Gunshot wounds were the most common cause of death (37%), followed by stab wounds (27%), blunt trauma (19%), and asphyxia (13%). A decrease of gunshot wounds as a cause of death was found over the studied period. Alcohol was the most common toxic detected in blood of the victim, in 48.5% of the cases when toxicological results were available. Blood alcohol concentration ranged from 1 to 500 mg/dL with a mean value of 150 mg/dL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Garches, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cros
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sbidian
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charlier
authors.forename: Geoffroy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lorin de la Grandmaison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000401:mortality; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000097:blood; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000097:blood; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057237:Criminals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006708:Homicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010297:Paris; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012747:Sexual Partners; D018454:Spouses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000401:mortality; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000431:Ethanol