title: A study on inhibition of inflammation via p75TNFR signaling pathway activation in mice with traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of and mechanisms underlying the activation of the p75 tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75TNFR) signaling pathway in inflammatory responses in mice with traumatic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first generated hybridomas that produced antibodies specific for p75TNFR, by inoculating BALB/c mice with antigenic peptides derived from mouse p75TNFR, which is critical to the binding of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and p75TNFR. The isotype, epitope, titer, specificity, and affinity constant of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were determined using commercial kits and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We then screened the agonist antibody via L929 cytotoxicity assay. The levels of inflammatory factors were detected in C57BL/6 mice with traumatic brain injury and then the mice were injected with either saline (control) or p75TNFR agonist mAb. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of p75TNFR agonist mAb on p38MAPK and nuclear factor-κB signals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven mAbs against p75TNFR were generated. Among them, the mAb D8F2 could markedly enhance the cytotoxicity of TNF-α on L929 cells. In a traumatic brain injury model, D8F2 could inhibit the levels of inflammatory factors and downregulate RNA transcription of these factors by suppressing the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mAb D8F2 could inhibit posttraumatic inflammatory responses effectively. In this study, we developed an agonist anti-mouse p75TNFR mAb, which may be used in the future to devise new strategies for the clinical treatment of inflammation after trauma.
authors.affiliation: First-aid Center, Shanghai Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yi Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Wen Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhi Qian
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhi Guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wen Xian
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Can Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Ruan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases