title: Low cerebrospinal fluid sulfatide predicts progression of white matter lesions: The LADIS study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Demyelination and axonal degeneration are the hallmarks of established white matter lesions (WML). The neurochemistry of ongoing WML is only partially known. We explored cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) substances as markers of brain tissue damage in relation to progression of WML rated on magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF from elderly individuals with WML was analyzed for amyloid markers, total τ, hyperphosphorylated τ, neurofilament protein light subunit, sulfatide and CSF/serum-albumin ratio. After 3 years, a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Progression of WML was rated using the Rotterdam Progression Scale (RPS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  37 subjects (age 73.6 ± 4.6 years) were included. Subjects with more pronounced progression (RPS > 2; n = 15) had lower mean sulfatide concentration at baseline as compared to subjects with no or minimal progression (RPS 0-2; n = 22) according to univariate analyses (p = 0.009). Sulfatide was the only biomarker that predicted the RPS score according to regression analysis, explaining 18.9% of the total variance (r = 0.38, p = 0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlation of CSF sulfatide levels and RPS scores may reflect a remyelination response to the demyelination process associated with WML. Furthermore, the results strengthen the notion that WML pathology is different from that of Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden. michael.jonsson@neuro.gu.se
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.forename: Sindre
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rolstad
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edman
authors.forename: Alida A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gouw
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bjerke
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pantoni
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inzitari
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000523:psychology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000523:psychology; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D049292:Leukoaraiosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000523:psychology; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids; D016875:tau Proteins