title: [Comparison of the iCare tonometer with the Goldmann tonometer in Malawi].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk for glaucoma is 4-5 times higher in patients from sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, especially in developing countries an easy and effective method for assessing the intraocular pressure (IOP) is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this hospital-based survey 150 eyes were divided into 3 groups concerning the IOP (group I < 16 mmHg, group II 16-23 mmHg and group III > 23 mmHg) and underwent examination with ultrasound pachymetry followed by iCare tonometry (ICT) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Agreement of the measurements by two tonometers was assessed with the Bland-Altman method and the influence of the central corneal thickness (CCT) on the ICT measurements was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean difference between the IOD measured with GAT and ICT was 0.84 ± 2.63 mmHg. The differences were similar in all three groups (0.77-0.97 mmHg), however, the standard deviation in group III (4.04 mmHg) was greater than in groups I (1.98 mmHg) and II (1.79 mmHg). The mean CCT was 513.51 ± 36.22 µm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The agreement of measurements by GAT and ICT was good for lower IOP values but less accurate in patients with higher IOP values (group III). A dependency of the CCT on the ICT measurements was observed. In comparison to other countries the lowest CCTs were found in Malawian patients.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Augenklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland. Joho5@web.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hohmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulze-Schwering
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chirambo Nyaka
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moyo
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Kayange
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doycheva
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Batumba
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Spitzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult