title: Predictors of carer-burden in schizophrenia: a five-year follow-up study in Butajira, Ethiopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed carer-burden and its predictors in a traditional rural Ethiopian community in order to establish the longitudinal course of carer-burden and factors predicting changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a 5-year follow-up data from the ongoing Butajira outcome study on SMI, carer-burden was assessed annually with the Family Interview Schedule (FIS). Multilevel modeling was used to identify clinical predictors of severity and rate of change of burden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scores in all domains of carer burden decreased over time, although the greatest reduction was seen in the first year. In a univariate analyses, longitudinal reduction in burden score was predicted by longer period in remission during follow-up, while negative and positive symptom severity scores predicted higher burden score. In the fully adjusted model, poor social support predicted higher burden score (beta=0.38, 95%CI 0.04, 0.72), and longer period in remission predicted lower level of carer-burden (beta = -0.49, 95%CI = -0.89, - 0.10). Reduction in positive symptoms was associated with the instantaneous rate of reduction of burden score (beta = -0.03, 95%CI - 0.05, -0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant reduction in carer-burden over the years in all burden domains. Providing accessible mental health care has the potential to alleviate carer-burden, as positive symptoms are believed to be more amenable to intervention. The study also indicates that remission is associated with reduction in carer-burden.
authors.affiliation: Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Teshome
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibre
authors.forename: Germay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Medhin
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teferra
authors.forename: Asfaw
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakwoya
authors.forename: Elsabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berhanu
authors.forename: Abdulreshid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdulahi
authors.forename: Atalay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alem
authors.forename: Abebaw
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fekadu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005002:Ethiopia; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012424:Rural Population; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing*; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult