title: Proline catalyzes direct C-H arylations of unactivated arenes.
abstract: Several amino acids were tested to catalyze the transition-metal-free direct C-H arylation of unactivated benzene derivatives. Among them, proline was found to be an excellent catalyst for the cross-coupling between aryl halides and unactivated arenes. The reaction presumably involves an aryl radical anion as the intermediate based on several experiments. The reaction using this catalyst system offers an option toward establishing an environmentally benign and cost-effective route to biaryls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanimoro
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Mitsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirihata
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanimori
mesh_terms: D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D011392:Proline / Q000737:chemistry*; D028561:Transition Elements / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D028561:Transition Elements; D011392:Proline