title: Acupuncture improves sleep in postmenopause in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insomnia increases in frequency as women approach and pass through menopause. Studies have not shown acupuncture efficacy for insomnia in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture therapy on sleep parameters, depression symptoms and quality of life in postmenopausal women with insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 18 postmenopausal women aged 50-67 years old. Participants had a body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m(2), presented a diagnosis of insomnia according to the DSM-IV criteria, had experienced at least 1 year of amenorrhea and had a follicle stimulating hormone level ≥ 30 mIU/ml. Participants were not using antidepressants, hypnotics or hormonal therapy. This study was randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled. The sample was divided into two groups: acupuncture and 'sham' acupuncture. We performed ten sessions of acupuncture and 'sham' acupuncture during a period of 5 weeks. A polysomnography exam (PSG) and questionnaires (WHOQOL-BREF, Beck Depression Inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were completed by all patients before and after the treatment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anthropometric, polysomnographic, and questionnaire data were similar among the groups at baseline. Comparison of baseline and post-treatment data of the acupuncture group showed that treatment resulted in significantly lower scores on the Pittsburgh Questionnaire and an improvement in psychological WHOQOL. The acupuncture group had a higher percentage of the N3 + 4 stage than the sham group in PSG findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acupuncture was effective in improving reported sleep quality and quality of life in postmenopausal women with insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de S ã o Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hachul
authors.forename: T K P
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Maciel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yagihara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome