title: The impact of tobacco use on preterm premature rupture of the membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if tobacco use increases the incidence of preterm premature rupture of the membranes (pPROM) or alters perinatal outcomes after pPROM.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a secondary analysis of the databases of three completed Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-supported Maternal Fetal Medicine Units Network studies. Self-reported tobacco exposure data was obtained. Its relationship with the incidence of pPROM and associated neonatal outcome measures were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the incidence of pPROM when comparing nonsmokers to those using tobacco. Although a trend was seen between the incidence of pPROM and the amount smoked, this did not reach statistical significance. Among the patients with pPROM, the use of tobacco was not associated with an increase in perinatal morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data do not support a significant relationship between tobacco use and pPROM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. Robert.Andres@imail.org
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Andres
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Klebanoff
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hauth
authors.forename: Steve N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Caritis
authors.forename: J Christopher
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wapner
authors.forename: Jay D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Iams
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Leveno
authors.forename: Menachem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miodovnik
authors.forename: Baha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sibai
authors.forename: J Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Van Dorsten
authors.forename: Mitchell P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dombrowski
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D060737:Reproductive Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult