title: Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in dogs infected with various vector-borne pathogens and in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (pANCA) in dogs with confirmed or suspected immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) or dogs infected with various vector-borne pathogens, including Rickettsia rickettsii, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Leishmania infantum.
  
  
  METHODS
  55 dogs with confirmed or suspected IMHA, 140 dogs seroreactive for vector-borne pathogens, and 62 healthy dogs and dogs seronegative for vector-borne pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were allocated to subgroups on the basis of the health status of the dogs and the degree of seroreactivity against various vector-borne pathogens. Serum samples were tested retrospectively via indirect immunofluorescence assay to determine pANCA status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  26 of 55 (47%) dogs with confirmed or suspected IMHA and 67 of 140 (48%) dogs seroreactive for vector-borne pathogens had positive results when tested for pANCA. Serum samples with the highest antibody concentrations against L infantum antigen had the highest proportion (28/43 [65%]) that were positive for pANCA. One of 20 (5%) dogs seronegative for tick-borne pathogens and 8 of 22 (36%) dogs seronegative for L infantum had positive results for pANCA. One of 20 (5%) healthy dogs had serum antibodies against pANCA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  pANCA were detected in a high percentage of dogs with IMHA and vector-borne infectious diseases. Therefore, pANCA may be a relatively nonspecific marker for dogs with inflammatory bowel disease, although they could represent a biomarker for immune-mediated diseases and infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, England.
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Karagianni
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solano-Gallego
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Breitschwerdt
authors.forename: Frédéric P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Gaschen
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trotta
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wieland
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Allenspach
mesh_terms: D000744:Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D001323:Autoantibodies