title: Bimodal impact of skeletal muscle on pancreatic β-cell function in health and disease.
abstract: Diabetes is a complex disease that affects many organs directly or indirectly. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance with a relative deficiency in insulin secretion. It has become apparent that inter-organ communication is of great importance in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Far from being an inert tissue in terms of inter-organ communication, it is now recognized that skeletal muscle can secrete so-called myokines that can impact on the function of distant organs/tissues both favourably and unfavourably. We have proposed that communication between insulin-resistant skeletal muscle and β-cells occurs in diabetes. This is a novel route of communication that we further suggest is modified by the prevailing degree of insulin resistance of skeletal muscle. This review focuses on the various myokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, CXCL10, follistatin and IL-8] which have been identified either after different types of exercise or in the secretome from control and insulin-resistant human skeletal myotubes. We will also summarize studies on the impact of several myokines on pancreatic β-cell proliferation, survival and function.
authors.affiliation: The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Plomgaard
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Halban
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bouzakri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D038681:Follistatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D038681:Follistatin; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha