title: [Gender differences in response to CBT-orientated multimodal treatment in depressed patients with chronic pain].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although gender differences are increasingly the focus of current research, gender aspects in the response to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of depression still remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of gender on the outcome of a CBT-orientated multimodal treatment in depressed outpatients with chronic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 298 patients (154 women) underwent a standardized five-week CBT-orientated multimodal treatment. Depressive symptoms were measured at the beginning and end of the treatment with the German version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The improvement of depressive symptoms showed an effect size (ES) of 0.81 in the total sample. However, women improved considerably more (ES 0.96) than did men (ES 0.65) and these gender differences are seen in the complete sample (t = 2.757, df = 296, p = 0.006) as well as in the group without received antidepressants (t = 2.325, df = 151, p = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with a depressive disorder and chronic pain benefit significantly more from a CBT-orientated multimodal treatment and exhibit a considerably greater reduction of depressive symptoms than do men. These distinctions are not due to differences in received antidepressant medication, psychiatric comorbidities or educational background.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg. christoph.pieh@medbo.de
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pieh
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Altmeppen
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neumeier
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loew
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angerer
authors.forename: Claas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lahmann
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003631:Day Care, Medical; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents