title: Beta-adrenergic receptor activation primes microglia cytokine production.
abstract: Exaggerated pro-inflammatory cytokine production by primed microglia is thought to mediate pathology during stress, aging, and neurodegeneration. Recently, it was demonstrated that beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonism prevents priming of microglia in mice exposed to chronic stress. To determine if β-AR stimulation is sufficient to prime microglia, rats were intra-cerebroventricularly administered isoproterenol (β-AR agonist) or vehicle and 24 h later hippocampal microglia were placed in culture with media or LPS. Prior isoproterenol treatment significantly enhanced IL-1β and IL-6, but not TNF-α production following LPS stimulation. These data suggest that central β-AR stimulation is sufficient to prime microglia cytokine responses.
authors.affiliation: Kent State University, Biological Sciences Department, Kent, OH 44242, United States. jjohns72@kent.edu
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Zachary R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Zimomra
authors.forename: Luke T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D007545:Isoproterenol