title: Overestimation of carboplatin doses is avoided by radionuclide GFR measurement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is used in the calculation of carboplatin dose. Glomerular filtration rate is measured using a radioisotope method (radionuclide GFR (rGFR)), however, estimation equations are available (estimated GFR (eGFR)). Our aim was to assess the accuracy of three eGFR equations and the subsequent carboplatin dose in an oncology population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients referred for an rGFR over a 3-year period were selected; eGFR was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equations. Carboplatin doses were calculated for those patients who had received carboplatin chemotherapy. Bias, precision and accuracy were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and eighty-eight studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Paired t-tests showed significant differences for all three equations between rGFR and eGFR with biases of 12.3 (MDRD), 13.6 (CKD-EPI) and 7.7 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2) (CG). An overestimation in carboplatin dose was seen in 81%, 87% and 66% of studies using the MDRD, CKD-EPI and CG equations, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MDRD and CKD-EPI equations performed poorly compared with the reference standard rGFR; the CG equation showed smaller bias and higher accuracy in our oncology population. On the basis of our results we recommend that the rGFR should be used for accurate carboplatin chemotherapy dosing and where unavailable the use of the CG equation is preferred.
authors.affiliation: Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, Surrey, UK. allison.craig@rmh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samol
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Heenan
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Britten
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054796:Drug Dosage Calculations; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016190:Carboplatin