title: Potential molecular approaches for the early diagnosis of lung cancer (review).
abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality from cancer among men and             women worldwide. More individuals die each year of lung cancer than of colon,             breast and prostate cancer combined. Despite new diagnostic techniques, the overall             5-year survival rate remains at approximately 15% and the majority of patients             still present with advanced disease. Therefore, lung cancer is the most lethal             cancer at present. Diagnosing and treating cancer at its early stages, ideally             during the precancerous stages, could increase the 5-year survival rate by 3-4‑fold,             with the possibility of cure. To date, no screening method has been shown to decrease             the disease-specific mortality rate. This review describes issues related to early             lung cancer screening and their rationale, the management of primary cancers detected             by screening and the different approaches that have been tested for cancer screening;             these include imaging techniques, bronchoscopies and molecular screening, such             as analysis of epigenomics using different noninvasive or invasive sources, such             as blood, sputum, bronchoscopic samples and exhaled breath.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University,                     Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Oak
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Hu Jang
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Eun-Kee
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D036103:Nanotechnology; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger