title: The influence of process and patient factors on the recall of consent information in mentally competent patients undergoing surgery for neck of femur fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Informed consent is an ethical and legal prerequisite for major surgical procedures. Recent literature has identified 'poor consent' as a major cause of litigation in trauma cases. We aimed to investigate the patient and process factors that influence consent information  recall in mentally competent patients (abbreviated mental test score [AMTS] ≥6) presenting with neck of femur (NOF) fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary unit. Fifty NOF patients (cases) and fifty total hip replacement (THR) patients (controls) were assessed  for process factors (adequacy and validity of consent) as well as patient factors (comprehension and retention) using consent forms and structured interview proformas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were matched for ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) grade and AMTS. The consent forms  were adequate in both groups but scored poorly for validity in the NOF group. Only 26% of NOF patients remembered correctly what surgery they had while only 48% recalled the risks and benefits of the procedure. These results were significantly poorer than in THR patients (p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that NOF patients are poor at remembering the information conveyed to them at the time of consent when compared with THR patients despite being intellectually and physiologically matched. We suggest using preprinted consent forms (process factors), information  sheets and visual aids (patient factors) to improve retention and recall.
authors.affiliation: South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK. sameer.khan@doctors.net.uk
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karuppaiah
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bajwa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D032962:Consent Forms; D005260:Female; D005265:Femoral Neck Fractures / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies