title: Gastric bypass surgery alters the mechanisms of insulin resistance in             the adipose tissue of GK rats.
abstract: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has become an effective treatment for type             2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the blood glucose mechanism involved remains             unclear. In this study, 60 male Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were randomly divided             into 6 groups (each with 10 rats): the GB1/2 group (treated with gastric bypass             surgery), the SO1/2 group (treated with sham operation) and the CO1/2 group (with             normal water consumption only). We tested expression levels of tumor necrosis             factor α (TNFα) mRNA, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated             receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase subunit p85α (PI3Kp85α)             in the adipose tissues. We found that the weight, fasting blood glucose and postprandial             blood glucose decreased in the GB group compared with the CO group. A total of             20 and 30 days after surgery, PPARγ2, PI3Kp85α and GLUT4 increased in the fat             tissue in the GB group compared with the CO group. However, 20 days after surgery,             TNFα mRNA decreased in fat tissue by 0.51 times in the GB group compared with             the CO group, and serum TNFα levels showed no statistically significant difference.             Fasting blood glucose and GLUT4 membrane protein were negatively correlated. In             conclusion, RYGB may improve insulin resistance and treat T2DM through upregulation             of the PPARγ2 protein, downregulation of TNFα mRNA transcription, through the             autocrine pathway, upregulation of PI3Kp85α expression, upregulation of GLUT4             mRNA transcripts and by inducing translocation of GLUT4 in adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
authors.forename: Jibin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jingang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase