title: Abnormal function of monoamine oxidase-A in comorbid major depressive disorder and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications (review).
abstract: The association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiovascular             disease (CVD) is among the best described medical comorbidities. The presence             of MDD increases the risk of cardiac admissions and mortality and increases healthcare             costs in patients with CVD, and similarly, CVD affects the course and outcome             of MDD. The potential shared biological mechanisms involved in these comorbid             conditions are not well known. However, the enzyme monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A),             which has a key role in the degradation of catecholamines, has been associated             with the pathophysiology and therapeutics of both MDD and CVD. Increased MAO-A             activity results in the dysregulation of downstream targets of this enzyme and             thus affects the pathophysiology of the two diseases. These deleterious effects             include altered noradrenaline turnover, with a direct elevation in oxidative stress             parameters, as well as increased platelet activity and cytokine levels. These             effects were shown to be reversed by MAO inhibitors. Here, a model describing             a key role for the MAO-A in comorbid MDD and CVD is proposed, with focus on the             shared pathophysiological mechanisms and the potential therapeutic relevance of             agents targeting this enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroscience, LIM27, Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. rvieira@usp.br
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Machado-Vieira
authors.forename: Alan G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mallinger
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D016207:Cytokines; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D009638:Norepinephrine