title: The effects of angiotensin receptor blockers vs. calcium channel blockers on the acute exercise-induced inflammatory and thrombotic response.
abstract: Arterial hypertension is an established risk factor for acute coronary syndromes, and physical exertion may trigger the onset of such an event. The mechanisms involved include the rupture of a small, inflamed, coronary plaque and the activation of thrombogenic factors. Blood pressure (BP)-lowering treatment has been associated with beneficial effects on subclinical inflammation and thrombosis at rest and during exercise. This prospective study sought to compare the effect of different antihypertensive drugs on the inflammatory and thrombotic response during exercise. A total of 60 never-treated hypertensive patients were randomized to an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)- or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB)-based regimen. Patients with inflammatory or coronary artery disease were excluded. Six months after pharmaceutical BP normalization, the patients underwent a maximal treadmill exercise testing. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), white blood cells (WBC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), total fibrinogen (TF) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels, as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity were measured in blood samples taken while the patients were at rest and during peak exercise. All of these biomarkers increased with exercise, except PAI-1, which decreased (P<0.05 for the difference between resting and peak exercise for all biomarkers). The ARB group had less marked (P<0.05) exercise-induced changes than the CCB group in hsCRP (5.8% vs. 7.7%), SAA (4.2% vs. 7.2%), WBC (46.8% vs. 52.6%), TNF-α (16.3% vs. 24.3%), TF (9.5% vs. 16.9%) and PAI-1 (-9.5% vs. -12.3%) but a similar (P=NS) change in IL-6 (39.4% vs. 38.6%) and vWF (29.2% vs. 28.6%). In conclusion, ARBs are most likely more effective than CCBs at suppressing the exercise-induced acute phase response. Potential protection against exercise-related coronary events remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. bliakos@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Charalampos I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Liakos
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Vyssoulis
authors.forename: Andreas P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Michaelides
authors.forename: Evangelos I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Chatzistamatiou
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Theodosiades
authors.forename: Marina G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Toutouza
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Markou
authors.forename: Andreas G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Synetos
authors.forename: Ioannis E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Kallikazaros
authors.forename: Christodoulos I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers