title: Immobilized furanone derivatives as inhibitors for adhesion of bacteria on modified poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride).
abstract: The ability of brominated furanones and other furanone compounds with 2(3H) and 2(5H) cores to inhibit bacterial adhesion of surfaces as well deactivate (destroy) them has been previously reported. The furanone derivatives 4-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone and 5-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)-ethoxy)methyl)-2(5H)-furanone were synthesized in our laboratory. These furanone derivatives were then covalently immobilized onto poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA) and electrospun to fabricate nonwoven nanofibrous mats with antimicrobial and cell-adhesion inhibition properties. The electrospun nanofibrous mats were tested for their ability to inhibit cell attachment by strains of bacteria commonly found in water ( Klebsiella pneumoniae  Xen 39,  Staphylococcus aureus  Xen 36,  Escherichia coli  Xen 14,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  Xen 5, and  Salmonella tymphimurium  Xen 26). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR), electrospray mass spectroscopy (ES-MS), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to confirm the structures of the synthesized furanones as well as their successful immobilization on SMA. To ascertain that the immobilized furanone compounds do not leach into filtered water, samples of water, filtered through the nanofibrous mats were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The morphology of the electrospun nanofibers was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
authors.affiliation: Division of Polymer Science,  University of Stellenbosch , Stellenbosch, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nonjabulo P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gule
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bshena
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Kwaadsteniet
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Cloete
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klumperman
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005663:Furans / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008298:Maleates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D012475:Salmonella / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; D008298:Maleates; D011137:Polystyrenes; C521900:poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)