title: Clinical outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection as a transoral treatment for superficial pharyngeal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have been introduced for the treatment of superficial pharyngeal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty superficial pharyngeal cancers in 45 patients were treated by EMR or ESD. Resectability and curability, complications, and survival were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The en bloc resection and curative resection rate were higher with ESD (100; 81.6%) than with EMR (59; 50%). In subgroup analysis with regard to tumor size ≤ 10 mm, both resection rates were comparative. All the patients had preserved larynx and swallowing, speech, and airway function. Two of the 45 patients died of other diseases, local recurrence was observed in 4 of 18 patients with noncurative resection with a median observation period of 38 months. No recurrence was observed in patients with curative resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESD or EMR for superficial pharyngeal cancer is minimally invasive treatment and lesions larger than 10 mm should be referred for ESD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan. hanaoka-no@mc.pref.osaka.jp
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Noriya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uedo
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higashino
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanafusa
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iishi
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatsuta
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome