title: Chromatographic analysis, anti-proliferative and radical scavenging activity of Pinus wallichina essential oil growing in high altitude areas of Kashmir, India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the in vitro anti-proliferative and radical scavenging properties of the essential oil and its fractions and to determine the chemo-type of P. wallichiana essential oil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pinus wallichiana oil was extracted by hydro-distillation and fractionated by silica gel column chromatography method. The oil and its fractions were analyzed by Gas chromatography, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and (13)C NMR. Different concentrations of oil 12.5, 25, 50 and 100μg/ml and single concentration 50μg/ml of its fractions B(1), B(2), A(2), G(2), Uk(13) and I(2) were evaluated for its anti-proliferative activity by in vitro {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide} assay against human monocyte, lung carcinoma, liver adenocarcinoma, prostate and ovarian carcinoma, while as the radical scavenging activity was evaluated by different in vitro DPPH assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analyses indicated the presence of 17 constituents with β-pinene (46.8%) and α-pinene (25.2%) as major constituents. The oil and its fractions showed significant anti-proliferative activity. The radical scavenging activity also showed good results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oil could be used as a drug to control the diseases like cancer, cirrhosis and arteriosclerosis, caused by reactive oxygen species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. yousufchemistry@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yousuf Dar
authors.forename: Wajaht A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Sofi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mubashir
authors.forename: Manzoor A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rather
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009822:Oils, Volatile