title: Human versus mouse eosinophils: "that which we call an eosinophil, by any other name would stain as red".
abstract: The respective life histories of human subjects and mice are well defined and describe a unique story of evolutionary conservation extending from sequence identity within the genome to the underpinnings of biochemical, cellular, and physiologic pathways. As a consequence, the hematopoietic lineages of both species are invariantly maintained, each with identifiable eosinophils. This canonical presence nonetheless does not preclude disparities between human and mouse eosinophils, their effector functions, or both. Indeed, many books and reviews dogmatically highlight differences, providing a rationale to discount the use of mouse models of human eosinophilic diseases. We suggest that this perspective is parochial and ignores the wealth of available studies and the consensus of the literature that overwhelming similarities (and not differences) exist between human and mouse eosinophils. The goal of this review is to summarize this literature and in some cases provide experimental details comparing and contrasting eosinophils and eosinophil effector functions in human subjects versus mice. In particular, our review will provide a summation and an easy-to-use reference guide to important studies demonstrating that although differences exist, more often than not, their consequences are unknown and do not necessarily reflect inherent disparities in eosinophil function but instead species-specific variations. The conclusion from this overview is that despite nominal differences, the vast similarities between human and mouse eosinophils provide important insights as to their roles in health and disease and, in turn, demonstrate the unique utility of mouse-based studies with an expectation of valid extrapolation to the understanding and treatment of patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA. jjlee@mayo.edu
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Sergei I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ochkur
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McGarry
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Condjella
authors.forename: Alfred D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Katie R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Zellner
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Protheroe
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Willetts
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Lesuer
authors.forename: Dana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Colbert
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Helmers
authors.forename: Paige
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lacy
authors.forename: Redwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moqbel
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein / Q000502:physiology; D047209:Eosinophil Peroxidase / Q000502:physiology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000502:physiology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006801:Humans; D008245:Lysophospholipase / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D047209:Eosinophil Peroxidase; D008245:Lysophospholipase; C011711:lysolecithin acylhydrolase; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein