title: Oral manifestations in hypertensive patients: A clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to determine the frequency and nature of oral manifestations in a hypertensive patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of 465 known hypertensive patients, between the age group of 20-80 years of which 250 patients were males and 215 were females. 105 were between the age group of 1-40 years, 136 in 41-50 years, 110 in 51-60 years, and 114 in 60 and above year of age. Data were statistically analyzed Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  79.14% of the patients presented with Russell's periodontal index score ranging from 2- 4.9 which suggested an established periodontal lesion. The risk factors for old men and women to develop hypertension were 90%, among those who survived to ages 65 to 89 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of potential oral manifestations in patients with hypertension was significantly high, thus showing an association of gingival and periodontal pathology in hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, S.Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences, Gulbarga, India.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Kmk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mastan
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chowdhary
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shanmugam