title: Characterization of biomolecular nanoconjugates by high-throughput delivery and spectroscopic difference.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nanoparticle conjugates have the potential for delivering siRNA, splice-shifting oligomers or nucleic acid vaccines, and can be applicable to anticancer therapeutics. This article compares tripartite conjugates with gold nanoparticles or synthetic methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyamidoamine dendrimers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interactions with model liposomes of a 1:1 molar ratio of tripalmitin:cholesterol or phospholipid:cholesterol were investigated by high-throughput absorbance, as well as fluorescence difference and cellular luminescence assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spectral differences and dynamic light-scattering spectroscopy shifts demonstrated the interaction of conjugates with liposomes. Biological activity was demonstrated by upregulation of gene expression via splice-shifting oligomers, delivery of anti-B-Raf siRNA in cultured human cancer cells or tuberculosis antigen 85B plasmid expression vector in a coculture model of antigen presentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggests that gold nanoparticles and methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyamidoamine dendrimer nanoconjugates may have potential for binding, stabilization and delivery of splice-shifting oligomers, siRNA and nucleic acid vaccines for preclinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Missouri State University, Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Springfield, MO 65897, USA. robertdelong@missouristate.edu
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Delong
authors.forename: Azure
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Risor
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanomata
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laymon
authors.forename: Brooke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruff
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garrad
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sedaghat-Herati
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics; D058726:Nanoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011073:Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D050091:Dendrimers; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D058726:Nanoconjugates; C531249:Poly(amidoamine); D011073:Polyamines; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006046:Gold; C028210:monomethoxypolyethylene glycol