title: GB virus C viremia is associated with higher levels of double-negative T cells and lower T-cell activation in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Double-negative T cells (DNTCs; ie, CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells) play a role in limiting chronic immune activation. GB virus C (GBV-C) infection is associated with reduced T-cell activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. T-cell activation and DNTCs were measured in HIV-infected subjects with a nondetectable HIV load. GBV-C-viremic subjects had significantly reduced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell activation (P = .003 and .034, respectively) and significantly increased DNTCs (P = .038), compared with nonviremic subjects. GBV-C load correlated with DNTC percentage (P = .004). Thus, GBV-C infection is associated with an increase in DNTCs, which may contribute to reduced immune activation during HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Nirjal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhattarai
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Rydze
authors.forename: Ernest T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Chivero
authors.forename: Jack T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Stapleton
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D029407:GB virus C / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens