title: Psychological profiles derived by cluster analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and long term clinical outcome after coronary artery by pass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the psychological characteristics of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by cluster analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) questionnaires and to assess the impact of the profiles obtained on long-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  229 CHD patients admitted to cardiac rehabilitation filled in self-administered MMPI-2 questionnaires early after CABG. We assessed the relation between MMPI-2 profiles derived by cluster analysis, clinical characteristics and outcome at 3-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 215 patients (76% men, median age 66 years) with valid criteria in control scales, we identified 3 clusters (G) with homogenous psychological characteristics: G1 patients (N = 75) presented somatoform complaints but overall minimal psychological distress. G2 patients (N=72) presented type D personality traits. G3 subjects (N=68) showed a trend to cynicism, mild increases in anger, social introversion and hostility. Clusters overlapped for clinical characteristics such as smoking (G1 21%, G2 24%, G3 24%, p ns), previous myocardial infarction (G1 43%, G2 47%, G3 49% p ns), LV ejection fraction (G1 60 [51-60]; G2 58 [49-60]; G3 60 [55-60], p ns), 3-vessel-disease prevalence (G1 69%, G2 65%, G3 71%, p ns). Three-year event rates were comparable (G1 15%; G2 18%; G3 15%) and Kaplan-Meier curves overlapped among clusters (p ns).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After CABG, the interpretation of MMPI-2 by cluster analysis is useful for the psychological and personological diagnosis to direct psychological assistance. Conversely, results from cluster analysis of MMPI-2 do not seem helpful to the clinician to predict long term outcome.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, UO Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modica
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carabalona
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spezzaferri
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavanelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torri
authors.forename: Vittorino
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ripamonti
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castiglioni
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Maria
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferratini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome