title: Women's and health professionals' preferences for prenatal tests for Down syndrome: a discrete choice experiment to contrast noninvasive prenatal diagnosis with current invasive tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the preferences of women and health professionals for key attributes of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for Down syndrome relative to current invasive tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire incorporating a discrete choice experiment was used to obtain participants' stated preference for diagnostic tests that varied according to four attributes: accuracy, time of test, risk of miscarriage, and provision of information about Down syndrome only or Down syndrome and other conditions. Women and health professionals were recruited from five maternity services in England and a patient support group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Questionnaires from 335 women and 181 health professionals were analyzed. Safe tests, conducted early in pregnancy, with high accuracy and information about Down syndrome and other conditions were preferred. The key attribute affecting women's preferences for testing was no risk of miscarriage, whereas for health professionals it was accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Policies for implementing noninvasive prenatal diagnosis must consider the differences between women's and health professionals' preferences to ensure the needs of all stakeholders are met. Women's strong preference for tests with no risk of miscarriage demonstrates that consideration for safety of the fetus is paramount in decision making. Effective pretest counseling is therefore essential to ensure women understand the possible implications of results.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Child Health, London, UK. melissa.hill@gosh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Lyn S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chitty
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000517:prevention & control; D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D057240:Patient Preference; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult