title: Long-term culture in vitro impairs the immunosuppressive activity of             mesenchymal stem cells on T cells.
abstract: Improved knowledge of the immunological properties of mesenchymal stem cells             (MSCs) creates a potential cell-mediated immunotherapeutic approach for arthritic             diseases. The low frequency of MSCs necessitates their in vitro expansion prior             to clinical use. As sequential passage has been used as the most popular strategy             for expansion of MSCs, the effect of long-term culture on the immunological properties             of MSCs is not clear. In this study, we observed that the morphology of MSCs showed             the typical characteristics of the Hayflick model of cellular aging during sequential             expansion. The growth kinetics of MSCs decreased while the number of MSCs staining             positive for SA β-gal (senescence marker) increased in long-term culture. Although             long-term culture exerts less of an effect on the immunophenotype of MSCs, the             immunosuppressive effects of MSCs on the allogeneic T-cell proliferation, activation-antigen             expression (CD69 and CD25) and cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10) were             significantly impaired following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China.
authors.forename: Xue-Yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Zhao-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhen-Biao
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016753:Interleukin-10; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099192:CD69 Antigens