title: Doxycycline impairs neutrophil migration to the airspaces of the lung in mice exposed to intratracheal lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are also used to induce gene expression using the reverse tetracycline transactivator / tetracycline operator system (rtTA/tetO system). The system assumes that tetracyclines have no effects on mammals. However, a number of studies suggest that tetracyclines may have powerful anti-inflammatory effects. We report that the tetracycline, doxycycline, inhibits neutrophil (PMN) influx into the lungs of mice treated with bacterial endotoxin (LPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were challenged with intratracheal LPS in the presence or absence of doxycyline. bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts and differential, total bronchoalveolar lavage protein, lung homogenate caspase-3 and tissue imaging were used to assess lung injury. In addition, PMN chemotaxis was measured in vitro and syndecan-1 was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of doxycycline resulted in a significant decrease in the number of bronchoalveolar lavage PMNs in LPS-treated mice. Doxycycline had no effect on other markers of lung injury such as total bronchoalveolar lavage protein and whole lung caspase-3 activity. However, doxycycline resulted in a decrease in shed syndecan-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that doxycycline has an important anti-inflammatory effect that can potentially confound the experiments in which the rtTA/tetO system is being used to study the immune response.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 850 Republican Street, Box 358052, Seattle, 98109-4714, , WA, USA. matuteb@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Sucheol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Sean E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matute-Bello