title: Effect of lidocaine gel on pain from copper IUD insertion: a randomized double-blind controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insertion pain or fear of it may make women hesitate to use the intrauterine device (IUD); a long-term, reversible, highly-effective contraception method. Further study has been recommended on the effects of lidocaine (xylocaine) gel on IUD insertion pain in the recent Cochran review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of lidocaine gel on pain from TCu-380AIUD insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  At a health center in Tabriz, Iran, 96 women were allocated into 3 groups using block randomization with 6 and 9 block sizes considering allocation concealment. In 1 st group, lidocaine 2% gel and in the 2 nd , lubricant gel was placed in the cervical canal 1 minute before an IUD insertion, and the 3 rd group got no intervention. Immediately after IUD insertion, pain during the insertion was measured using 0-10 cm visual analogue scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kruskal-Wallis and linear regression in SPSS-13 were used to identify effect of lidocaine gel on the pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the mean pain score was 3.5 ± 1.8. In univariate analysis, there was no significant difference in pain scores between the 3 groups. Also, results of linear regression model by controlling effect of the possible confounding showed no significant effect of lidocaine gel on the insertion pain. The mean pain score in the lidocaine group was 0.39 less than the no intervention group, but it was not significant (CI 95% of the difference: -1.3, 0.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of 2% lidocaine gel into the cervical canal has no effect on reducing overall pain during IUD insertion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seidi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kazemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper; D008012:Lidocaine; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005782:Gels; D008012:Lidocaine