title: A Chinese herbal formula "Gan-Lu-Yin" suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell migration by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 through the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was to explore the effects of Gan-Lu-Yin (GLY) on the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by fetal bovine serum and on neointima formation in a rat model of carotid artery balloon injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  VSMCs were treated with different concentrations of GLY, and then analyzed with Flow cytometric analysis, zymography, transwell, and western blotting. SD rats received balloon-injury were analyzed with H&E staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that GLY significantly decreased the thickness of neointima. The inhibition by non-cytoxic doses of GLY of VSMCs migration was through its negative regulatory effects on phosphorylated ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, and FAK. The data showed that GLY can inhibit the migration of VSMCs cells, and might block injury-induced neointima hyperplasia via the inhibition of VSMCs migration, without inducing apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations provide a mechanism of GLY in attenuating cell migration, thus as a potential intervention for restenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Ming-Jyh
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Chieh-Hsi
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wen-Hsin
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ying-Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Po-Liang
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hsu-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D058426:Neointima / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9