title: Passive smoking and cervical cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 3,230 cases and 2,982 controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Passive smoking has been considered as a risk factor of many cancers. To examine whether it might also pose a risk for cervical cancer, we performed a meta-analysis based on published case-control studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the PubMed database and references of included studies up to February 10th, 2012 for relevant studies. After two authors independently assessed the methodological quality and extracted data, a meta-analysis was conducted using CMA v2 software. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot, using Egger's and Begg's tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Finally 11 eligible studies yielded, involving 3,230 cases and 2,982 controls. The results showed that women who never smoke but exposed to smoking experience a 73% increase in risk of cervical cancer compared with non-exposed women (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.35 - 2.21, p<0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses indicated this result to be robust. Moderate publication bias was detected by visualing funnel plot, Egger's and Begg's tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on currently available evidence, the findings of this meta-analysis suggests that passive smoking significantly and independently increases the risk of cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Tao
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Ping-An
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution