title: Treatment and prognosis of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma involving the eye and optic nerve.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the minimally invasive treatment and prognosis of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma involving the eye and optic nerve.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of clinical data for 18 large juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, with reports of three typical cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumour invaded the orbit, eye, optic nerve and optic chiasm in 18, 9, 8 and 5 patients, respectively. Twelve patients were cured after surgery, with the affected eye and vision essentially returning to normal. In six patients, tumour residue was found in the middle cranial fossa; two of these six did not return for follow up. Four patients underwent radiotherapy; all four regained placement of the eye in a normal or near-normal position. One of these four patients regained normal visual acuity, two experienced no improvement in visual acuity, and one became blind.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with this tumour, surgery may return the eye to the normal position and may restore visual acuity if the optic fundus, macula, retina and optic nerve are only mildly affected. Modern radiotherapy can treat the intracranial residue effectively. A combined approach via the antrum, infratemporal fossa and nasal cavity, using a Caldwell-Luc incision, provides minimally invasive surgical access.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Otolaryngology Institute of Fujian Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018322:Angiofibroma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult