title: Characterization of an influenza A virus in Mexican swine that is related to the A/H1N1/2009 pandemic clade.
abstract: In the spring of 2009, swine-origin influenza H1N1pdm09 viruses caused the first influenza pandemic of this century. We characterized the influenza viruses that circulated early during the outbreak in Mexico, including one newly sequenced swine H1N1pdm09 virus and three newly sequenced human H1N1pdm09 viruses that circulated in the outbreak of respiratory disease in La Gloria, Veracruz. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the swine isolate (A/swine/Mexico/4/2009) collected in April 2009 is positioned in a branch that is basal to the rest of the H1N1pdm09 clade in two (NP and PA) of the eight single-gene trees. In addition, the concatenated HA-NA and the complete whole-genome trees also showed a basal position for A/swine/Mexico/4/2009. Furthermore, this swine virus was found to share molecular traits with non-H1N1pdm09 H1N1 viral lineages. These results suggest that this isolate could potentially be the first one detected from a sister lineage closely related to the H1N1pdm09 viruses.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Escalera-Zamudio
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cobián-Güemes
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de los Dolores Soto-del Río
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Isa
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Betancourt
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parissi-Crivelli
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cázares
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Lauro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Velázquez-Salinas
authors.forename: Belem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huerta-Lozano
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Hilda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vinuesa
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Arias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D005810:Multigene Family; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D058873:Pandemics; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins