title: Assessment of sperm antigen specific T regulatory cells in women with recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of recurrent miscarriage (RM) is about 1-3% of women; the pathogenesis of RM is not fully understood yet. This study aims to assess the sperm antigen specific regulatory T cells (Treg) in women with RM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of women with RM was recruited into this study. The sperm antigen was extracted from the semen samples of each woman's husband. The sperm antigen specific T cell response was assessed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low frequency of sperm specific Tregs and high frequency of T helper (Th)1 cells were detected in RM women as compared with women without RM. The sperm specific Tregs in RM women expressed less Ubc13. Knockdown of Ubc13 from Tregs converted the Tregs to effector T cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immune deregulation may play an important role in RM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. chaodongliu7@163.com
authors.forename: Chaodong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xian-Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin-Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; C471607:UBE2N protein, human; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes