title: Milk protein and fat play different roles in affecting the bioavailability and the antioxidant activity of jujube juice phenolics in rats.
abstract: METHODS
  In this study, we intend to clarify the role that milk proteins and fat may play in affecting the bioavailability and the antioxidant activity of jujube juice phenolics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three milk preparations-skimmed milk, milk fat, and whole milk were produced to represent milk protein, milk fat, and milk protein and fat together, respectively. The bioavailability of phenolics and the rat plasma antioxidant capacity were measured for 8 h after the consumption of jujube juice with and without milk preparations. The addition of skimmed milk to jujube juice resulted in significant changes in the plasma kinetics profile of phenolics, rather than affecting the overall absorption. Milk fat did not interact with jujube juice phenolics. However, when jujube juice was ingested with whole milk, a significant reduction of the bioavailability of phenolics and the maximum increase in plasma antioxidant capacity was observed. Moreover, a consistent increase in the median diameters of the emulsions indicated the formation of complexes of proteins, fat, and phenolics during digestion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that when ingested with jujube juice, milk proteins and fat play different roles in affecting the bioavailability and the antioxidant activity of jujube juice phenolics.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Junyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xianting
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qingbo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Huiyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Fazheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D001682:Biological Availability; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D031957:Ziziphus / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008894:Milk Proteins; D010636:Phenols