title: Nutrition-/diet-induced changes in gene expression in pancreatic β-cells.
abstract: β-Cell dysfunction is a critical component in the development of type 2 diabetes. Whilst both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of the disease, relatively little is known about the molecular network that is responsible for diet-induced functional changes in pancreatic β-cells. Recent genome-wide association studies for diabetes-related traits have generated a large number of candidate genes that constitute possible links between dietary factors and the genetic susceptibility for β-cell failure. Here, we summarize recent approaches for identifying nutritionally regulated transcripts in islets on a genome-wide scale. Polygenic mouse models for type 2 diabetes have been instrumental for investigating the mechanism of diet-induced β-cell dysfunction. Enhanced oxidative metabolism, triggered by a combination of dietary carbohydrates and fat, appears to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of diet-induced impairment of islets. More systematic studies of gene-diet interactions in β-cells of rodent models in combination with genetic profiling might reveal the regulatory circuits fundamental for the understanding of diet-induced impairments of β-cell function in humans.
authors.affiliation: German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chadt
authors.forename: G S H
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Hasani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin