title: EMG activation of trunk and upper limb muscles following experimentally-induced overpronation and oversupination of the feet in quiet standing.
abstract: Kinematic studies have shown that experimentally-induced overpronation or oversupination of the subtalar joint may alter the position of the legs, hips and pelvis and consequently the trunk and upper limb. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether such foot deformity affects the activity of muscles that act on the trunk and upper limb. Twenty-eight healthy individuals (11 males and 17 females) 21.4±1.9 years of age without skeletal deformity, leg length discrepancy (LLD), overpronated or oversupinated feet or excessive lateral pelvic inclination volunteered for the study. Bilateral EMG recordings of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and rectus abdominis were undertaken for 30-s with each subject in the relaxed standing position and at 5° and 10° bilateral or unilateral overpronation or oversupination of the foot on the dominant side using wooden wedge-shape blocks. The recorded EMG activity was normalised based on the EMG activity produced by the muscles under investigation during maximum isometric voluntary contraction. The findings of the present study revealed that neither bilateral nor unilateral overpronation/oversupination of the feet induced a significant alteration of the EMG activity of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and rectus abdominis on either the dominant or non-dominant side. These findings suggest that in the absence of other major structural deformity bilateral or unilateral foot overpronation or oversupination does not affect the EMG activity of muscles that act on the trunk and upper limb in quiet standing.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. thedouss@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ntousis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mandalidis
authors.forename: Efstathios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chronopoulos
authors.forename: Spyros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Athanasopoulos
mesh_terms: D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011403:Pronation; D013380:Subtalar Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D013484:Supination; D013909:Thorax / Q000502:physiology; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult