title: An integrative approach for comparing microcirculation between normal and alveolar cleft gingiva in children scheduled for secondary bone grafting procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare microcirculatory parameters in normal versus alveolar cleft gingiva in children selected for secondary bone grafting procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 11 consecutive patients with complete unilateral alveolar clefts who required secondary bone grafting procedures. In a split-mouth design, noninvasive real-time simultaneous measurements among tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), hemoglobin level (rHb), and blood flow parameters were obtained from normal and alveolar cleft gingiva using spectrophotometry and laser Doppler flowmetry. Subsequent noninvasive capillary density measurements and tissue microangioarchitecture were assessed using sidestream dark-field imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in StO2 and rHb between normal and alveolar cleft gingiva. Blood flow, blood flow velocity, and capillary density were significantly decreased in alveolar cleft gingiva (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alveolar cleft reconstructions alter gingival microperfusion properties, and microvascular changes adapt to conserve peak oxygen saturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. d.m.milstein@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Dan M J
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Milstein
authors.forename: Yuk Wah
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Žiūkaitė
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ince
authors.forename: Hans P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: van den Akker
authors.forename: Jérôme A H
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lindeboom
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000098:blood supply*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D055100:Optical Fibers; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin