title: Cigarette prices, cigarette expenditure and smoking-induced deprivation: findings from the International Tobacco Control Mexico survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mexico implemented annual tax increases between 2009 and 2011. We examined among current smokers the association of price paid per cigarette and daily cigarette expenditure with smoking-induced deprivation (SID) and whether the association of price or expenditure with SID varies by income.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data (n=2410) from three waves of the International Tobacco Control Mexico survey (ie, 2008, 2010, 2011) and employed logistic regression to estimate the association of price paid per cigarette and daily cigarette expenditure with the probability of SID ('In the last 6 months, have you spent money on cigarettes that you knew would be better spent on household essentials like food?').
  
  
  RESULTS
  Price paid per cigarette increased from Mex$1.24 in 2008, to Mex$1.36 in 2010, to Mex$1.64 in 2011. Daily cigarette expenditure increased from Mex$6.9, to Mex$7.6 and to Mex$8.4 in the 3 years. There was no evidence of an association between price and SID. However, higher expenditure was associated with a higher probability of SID. There was no evidence that the association of price or expenditure with SID varied by income.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tax increases in Mexico have resulted in smokers paying more and spending more for their cigarettes. Those with higher cigarette expenditure experience more SID, with no evidence that poorer smokers are more affected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986075 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6075, USA. msiahpush@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siahpush
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Thrasher
authors.forename: Hua H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: K Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Belén Saenz
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: de Miera
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003132:Commerce; D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D016015:Logistic Models; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D011640:Public Policy; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D013660:Taxes; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000191:economics*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000191:economics*; D055815:Young Adult