title: Relationship between PTEN and Livin expression and malignancy of renal cell carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study focused on PTEN and Livin expression and associations with malignancy in human renal clear cell carcinomas (RCCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  PTEN and Livin expression was assessed in 100 RCCC tissue samples, 50 paracarcinoma cases, and 20 normal renal tissue samples using the immunohistochemical Streptavidin proxidase (SP) method. The relationships between binding and corresponding biological characteristics, such as histological grade, lymph node metastases, and clinical stages were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive PTEN expression in RCCC was significantly lower than in renal tissue adjacent to carcinoma tissue and normal renal tissue (P<0.01). Livin expression in the renal tissue adjacent to the carcinoma and normal renal tissues exhibited only low levels, whereas overall Livin expression in RCCC was statistically significant (P<0.01). In RCCC, PTEN expression rate gradually decreased with an increase in clinical stage, whereas that of Livin increased to statistically significant levels (P<0.01), PTEN and Livin levels being negatively correlated (r=-0.395, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTEN and Livin are important in RCCC development. The two factors combined are expected to provide indices for estimating RCCC malignancy and progression levels, as well as references for RCCC diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of He'nan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuan-He
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Zhong-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C419866:BIRC7 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human