title: Low-invasive lymphatic surgery and lymphatic imaging for completely healed intractable pudendal lymphorrhea after gynecologic cancer treatment.
abstract: Lower limb lymphedema and an accompanying lymphatic fistula (lymphorrhea) occur as complications after gynecologic surgery to treat cancer. Herein, we report the case of a 68-year-old woman who underwent resection and radiotherapy because of uterine cervical cancer (stage 2a) 20 years previously. Left lower limb and pudendal lymphedema and continuous lymphorrhea developed soon after surgery. Conservative treatment was administered; however, the edema increased, and a pudendal lymphatic fistula and cellulitis developed repeatedly. Lymphovascular anastomosis (LVA) and lymph vessel ligation were performed after preoperative evaluation via lymphoscintigraphy and indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography. A radioisotope injected into the first interdigit pedal region flowed into the pudendal region via the inguinal lymph nodes at preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. Linear patterns were observed up to the half level of the crus, and stardust patterns occurred over the lower abdominal and pudendal regions at ICG lymphography. During surgery, ICG lymphography was also used to identify the site of the fistula. With the patient under local anesthesia, LVA was applied in the half crus and left inguinal regions, followed by ligation and division of lymph vessels flowing into the fistula. The region around the fistula was excised as a 1 × 3-cm tissue block. As of 5 months after surgery, no recurrence of lymphatic fistula or exacerbation of lymphedema has occurred. This case shows the effectiveness of preoperative ICG lymphography and lymphoscintigraphy followed by treatment via lymph vessel ligation and LVA for curative resolution of a lymphatic fistula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. mihara@keiseigeka.name
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mihara
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Mitsunaga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narushima
authors.forename: Kito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koshima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008026:Ligation; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008220:Lymphography / Q000379:methods*; D061305:Lymphoscintigraphy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green