title: The Alberta Diabetes and Physical Activity Trial (ADAPT): a randomized trial evaluating theory-based interventions to increase physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical activity (PA) is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, most T2DM adults are insufficiently active.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effectiveness of two innovative/theoretically based behavioral-change strategies to increase PA and reduce hemoglobin A1c (A1c) in T2DM adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n = 287) were randomly assigned to a control group or an intervention group (i.e., print-based materials/pedometer group or print-based materials/pedometer plus telephone-counseling group). Changes in PA and A1c and other clinical measures were examined by Linear Mixed Model analyses over 18 months, along with moderating effects for gender and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PA and A1c levels did not significantly change in intervention groups. Step counts significantly increased in the print-based materials and pedometer plus telephone counseling group, for women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant effects were found for PA or A1c levels for T2DM adults. The multi-component strategy including telephone counseling may have potential for women. The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00221234.
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. ron.plotnikoff@newcastle.edu.au
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Plotnikoff
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karunamuni
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Courneya
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sigal
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000416:Alberta; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human