title: Effect of BAX499 aptamer on tissue factor pathway inhibitor function and thrombin generation in models of hemophilia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In hemophilia, thrombin generation is significantly suppressed due to decreased factor (F)X activation. Clinical studies and experiments with transgenic mice have suggested that the severity of hemophilia is substantially reduced by tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the effect of TFPI antagonist aptamer BAX499 (formerly ARC19499) on TFPI function in purified systems and on thrombin generation and clot formation in plasma and blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BAX499 effectively neutralized TFPI inhibition of FXa and FXa dependent inhibition of TF/FVIIa by TFPI. BAX499 did not inhibit FXa or TF/FVIIa when used up to 500 nM. In the synthetic coagulation proteome with TFPI at its mean physiologic concentration, BAX499 at 1 - 10nM increased thrombin generation triggered with 5 pM relipidated TF in a concentration-dependent manner. In severe hemophilia A or B models using the synthetic coagulation proteome, the addition of BAX499 at 5 nM increased thrombin generation to the levels observed in normal control. Thrombin generation measured in induced hemophilia B plasma required ~100nM BAX499 to restore thrombin levels to those seen in untreated plasma. In induced hemophilia B whole blood, BAX499 repaired the clotting time but failed to appreciably impact the propagation phase of thrombin generation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that inhibition of TFPI by BAX499 may have potential for hemophilia treatment but requires further study in blood-based hemophilia systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont 05446, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gissel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Orfeo
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Saulius
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Butenas
mesh_terms: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013916:Thrombelastography; D013917:Thrombin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C577143:ARC19499; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D008074:Lipoproteins; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; D013917:Thrombin