title: Set, a putative oncogene, as a biomarker for prenatal exposure to bisphenol A.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical, has been suspected to pose carcinogenic risks. However, likely mechanisms are obscure and there are difficulties to estimating its real significance for cancer development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We therefore studied BPA-induced proteomic alterations in immune organs of ICR mice offspring that were prenatally exposed to BPA (15 and 300 mg/L of drinking water). We performed 2D-gel analyses of samples, considering differences in spleen, exposure levels, sex, and ages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From proteomic analyses, we found various proteins were up- or down-regulated by BPA. Among them, SET, a putative oncogene and inhibitor of phosphatase 2A, was significantly down- regulated in a BPA dose-dependent manner. We also confirmed down-regulation of SET in western blot and real time PCR analyses. From gene network analysis, SET is predicted to communicate with other genes including CYP17, which is involved in biosynthesis and metabolism of sex-hormones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provided evidence that SET can be applied as a new biomarker for prenatal BPA exposure and suggests a potential new mechanism of action in that BPA may disrupt CYP17 via SET.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Myoung-Yun
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Pyo
authors.forename: Mihi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015536:Down-Regulation; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D056488:Histone Chaperones; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D040901:Proteomics; D013154:Spleen / Q000502:physiology; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D056488:Histone Chaperones; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D010636:Phenols; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; C557500:SET protein, mouse; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds