title: Electrophoretically mediated microanalysis for characterization of the enantioselective CYP3A4 catalyzed N-demethylation of ketamine.
abstract: Execution of an enzymatic reaction performed in a capillary with subsequent electrophoretic analysis of the formed products is referred to as electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA). An EMMA method was developed to investigate the stereoselectivity of the CYP3A4-mediated N-demethylation of ketamine. Ketamine was incubated in a 50 μm id bare fused-silica capillary together with human CYP3A4 Supersomes using a 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C. A plug containing racemic ketamine and the NADPH regenerating system including all required cofactors for the enzymatic reaction was injected, followed by a plug of the metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 (500 nM). These two plugs were bracketed by plugs of incubation buffer to ensure proper conditions for the enzymatic reaction. The rest of the capillary was filled with a pH 2.5 running buffer comprising 50 mM Tris, phosphoric acid, and 2% w/v of highly sulfated γ-cyclodextrin. Mixing of reaction plugs was enhanced via application of -10 kV for 10 s. After an incubation of 8 min at 37°C without power application (zero-potential amplification), the capillary was cooled to 25°C within 3 min followed by application of -10 kV for the separation and detection of the formed enantiomers of norketamine. Norketamine formation rates were fitted to the Michaelis-Menten model and the elucidated values for V(max)  and K(m)  were found to be comparable to those obtained from the off-line assay of a previous study.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hiu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ying Kwan
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thormann
mesh_terms: D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000378:metabolism*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008745:Methylation; D009249:NADP; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D009249:NADP; D007649:Ketamine; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; C033419:norketamine