title: Obstructive apnea hypopnea index estimation by analysis of nocturnal snoring signals in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a whole-night snore sounds analysis algorithm enabling estimation of obstructive apnea hypopnea index (AHI(EST)) among adult subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Snore sounds were recorded using a directional condenser microphone placed 1 m above the bed. Acoustic features exploring intra-(mel- cepstability, pitch density) and inter-(running variance, apnea phase ratio, inter-event silence) snore properties were extracted and integrated to assess AHI(EST).
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated sleep-wake disorder center and biomedical signal processing laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety subjects (age 53 ± 13 years, BMI 31 ± 5 kg/m(2)) referred for polysomnography (PSG) diagnosis of OSA were prospectively and consecutively recruited. The system was trained and tested on 60 subjects. Validation was blindly performed on the additional 30 consecutive subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AHI(EST) correlated with AHI (AHI(PSG); r(2) = 0.81, P < 0.001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 85% and 92% for thresholds of 10 and 20 events/h, respectively, were obtained for OSA detection. Both Altman-Bland analysis and diagnostic agreement criteria revealed 80% and 83% agreements of AHI(EST) with AHI(PSG), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acoustic analysis based on intra- and inter-snore properties can differentiate subjects according to AHI. An acoustic-based screening system may address the growing needs for reliable OSA screening tool. Further studies are needed to support these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ben-Israel
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarasiuk
authors.forename: Yaniv
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zigel
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012913:Snoring / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications; D055815:Young Adult