title: Multifrequency ultrasound-assisted liposuction: 5 years of experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of ultrasound in liposuction was first introduced by Kloehn. The ultrasound frequencies used in this technology have a high degree of selectivity for fat cells, thus reducing blood loss, postoperative edema, and ecchymosis and avoiding contour irregularities. The authors report their 5 years of experience with a multifrequency ultrasound generator and describe their series with the aim to focus attention on the problems linked with ultrasound use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 797 patients were selected to receive ultrasound assisted liposuction (UAL). Accurate preoperative planning was conducted for all the patients before admission to the surgical quarter. Liposuction was performed using general anesthesia for 538 patients (63 %), peripheral anesthesia for 220 patients (25.76 %), and local anesthesia for 96 patients (11.24 %). The ultrasound generator device was set by choosing the better working protocol (continuous or pulsed mode) according to the tissue characteristics, and the frequency test was performed. A photo of the patient was taken before surgery and at every follow-up visit to estimate the results and to have an objective evaluation of the outcome. The patient's opinion of the results also was recorded using a graduated scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results were excellent in 204 cases (25.4 %), good in 356 cases (44.6 %), moderate in 174 cases (22 %), and poor in 63 cases (8 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For body contour improvement, UAL is an essential procedure. The introduction of multifrequency UAL, or rather the possibility of using the better working frequency during the treatment, allows better results, thus improving patient outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Section, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy. zoccali.giovanni@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoccali
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scandura
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cifone
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giuliani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult