title: Temporomandibular disorders dysfunction in headache patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the frequency of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and its severity in individuals with headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 adults divided into three groups of 20 individuals: chronic daily headache (CDH), episodic headache (EH) and a control group without headache (WH). Headache diagnosis was performed according to the criteria of International Headache Society and the signs and symptoms of TMD were achieved by using a clinical exam and an anamnestic questionnaire. The severity of TMD was defined by the temporomandibular index (TMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TMD signs and symptoms were always more frequent in individuals with headache, especially report of pain in TMJ area (CDH, n=16; EH, n=12; WH, n=6), pain to palpation on masseter (CDH, n=19; EH, n=16; WH, n=11) which are significantly more frequent in episodic and chronic daily headache. The mean values of temporomandibular and articular index (CDH patients) and muscular index (CDH and EH patients) were statistically higher than in patients of the control group, notably the articular (CDH=0.38; EH=0.25;WH=0.19) and muscular (CDH=0.46; EH=0.51; WH=0.26) indices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings allow us to speculate that masticatory and TMJ pain are more common in headache subjects. Besides, it seems that the TMD is more severe in headache patients.
authors.affiliation: Health sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Christiane-Espinola-Bandeira
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: José-Luiz-Góes
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Alan-Chester-Feitosa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.forename: Mila-Leite-de Moraes
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Jonielly-Costa-Vasconcelos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Santana
authors.forename: Loren-Suyane-Oliveira
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Jullyana-de Souza Siqueira
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Quintans
authors.forename: Lucindo-José
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Quintans-Junior
authors.forename: Paulo-César-Rodrigues
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Leonardo-Rigoldi
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bonjardim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*