title: Rapid screening of five phthalate esters from beverages by ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction coupled with gas chromatography.
abstract: A rapid ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction (UASEME) method coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) is proposed for the rapid screening of five phthalate esters in bottled beverages. In the UASEME procedure, a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100) was used as the emulsifier, without application of any organic dispersive solvents typically required in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Triton X-100 as the emulsifier accelerated the formation of fine droplets from the extraction solvent in the sample solution under ultrasound radiation, thus combining the advantages of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (UAEME). Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors of the five analytes ranged from 230 to 288 fold and the recoveries ranged from 89.3% to 100.1%. The limits of detection (LODs) based on signal to noise of 3 were 0.41-0.79 μg L(-1). Intra-assay and inter-assay precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD), were ≤5.46% and 5.81%, respectively. The proposed UASEME-GC/FID method was demonstrated to be simple, practical and environmentally friendly for the determination of trace phthalate esters in beverage samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province & College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China. yanhy@hbu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Hongyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Kuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D004952:Esters; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D004952:Esters; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C032279:phthalic acid; D017830:Octoxynol