title: [A study on the effect of biomineralization and phosphorylation performed on the titanium implant surfaces].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To suggest a chemical surface treatment for titanium and to initiate the formation of hydroxycarbonated apatite (HCA) on titanium surface during in vitro bioactivity tests in simulated body fluid (SBF).
  
  
  METHODS
  To improve the bone-bonding ability of Ti implants, commercially pure titanium (cpTi) by a simple chemical pre-treatment in orthophosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4)) with different density was activated, and then the phosphorylation specimens were soaked in SBF to investigate the function of biomineralization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs showed that the surfaces of the pre-treated samples were characterized by a complex construction, which consisted of a mesh-like morphology matrix (a micro-roughened surface) and an uniform surface with different morphous of titanium dihydrogen orthophosphate [Ti(H(2)PO(4))(3)] crystal. After 14 days in SBF a homogeneous biomimetic apatite layer precipitated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the treatment of titanium by acid etching in orthophosphoric acid is a suitable method to provide the titanium implant with bone-bonding ability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine of The School Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China. wumingyue321@126.com
authors.forename: Ming-yue
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yu-qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Quan-li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jia-cai
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ai-bing
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Lian-zi
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D032701:Biomimetics; D001826:Body Fluids; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D001840:Dental Bonding; D015921:Dental Implants; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D014025:Titanium; C030242:phosphoric acid