title: [Observation on ultrastructure of maxillary sinus mucosa in experimental acute sinusitis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe ultrastructure of maxillary sinus mucosa of experimental acute sinusitis in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group (20 rabbits) and blank control group (5 rabbits). We established a rhinogenic model of experimental acute sinusitis in experimental group. Five rabbits chosen randomly in experimental group were sacrificed and dissected after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, and the tissue (0.3 cm x 0.3 cm) of sinus mucosa were prepared for visualization by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Animals in blank control group were sacrificed after 1 week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under the transmission electron microscope, in the blank control group, cilia of maxillary sinus mucosa lined up in order without ciliary loss, no stretched endoplasmic reticulum or turgescent mitochondria was observed. However, in the experimental group, inordinate array and loss of cilia was observed, a few compound cilia and cytoplasmic protrusion were also found. Both endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were swelling, and the lymphocytes were infiltrating with fibroblast proliferation in the submucosa. There was statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the blank control group (P < 0.05). In the experimental group, the number of compound cilia increased from 1 to 4 weeks, and the amount of compound cilia of the mucosa at 3 and 4 weeks was significantly higher than that at 1 week (P < 0.05). Swelling of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum was severe at 2 weeks and abated gradually with time, the results at 2 weeks were different from those of experimental group at 4 weeks (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obstruction of nasal sinuses and the bacterial infection might lead to ultrastructural changes of maxillary sinus mucosa, and these ultrastructural changes were believed to the important processes of pathological changes in acute sinusitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Hospital Affiliated Suzhou University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
authors.forename: Hongqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Zhengwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Xiaofan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002923:Cilia / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000473:pathology*; D017348:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011817:Rabbits; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000473:pathology