title: Activation of coagulation and platelets by candidate membranes of implantable devices in a whole blood model without soluble anticoagulant.
abstract: Implantable devices are challenged with thrombus formation at their biomaterial interface. Thus the importance of identifying compatible biomaterials that will help to improve the performance of these devices are becoming increasingly paramount. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activation of coagulation and platelets by candidate membranes considered for use in implantable devices on the basis of an adapted whole blood model without soluble anticoagulants. Evaluated materials were incubated with whole blood without soluble anticoagulant in wells coated with heparin. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PTF 1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and β-thromboglobulin (BTG) were analyzed in plasma samples using enzyme immunoassays. The C5 inhibitor eculizumab was used to evaluate the role of complement. Incubation of two of the polyamide membranes PAR and PATF led to an increase in concentration of PTF 1+2 and TAT (p < 0.01 for PAR, ns for PATF). The BTG concentration was significantly increased for five materials [PAR, PATF, polycarbonate (PC), and two polyarylethersulphone membranes PAES-1 and PAES-2]. Complement inhibition had no effect on coagulation or platelet activation induced by PAR and PATF. In conclusion, PAR and PATF were not compatible with blood and should be avoided for use in implantable devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.O. 4950, Nydalen 0424 Oslo, Norway. andrey.sokolov@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sokolov
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hellerud
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Tønnessen
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Johannessen
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Mollnes
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008954:Models, Biological; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D000990:Antithrombin III; D011516:Prothrombin; D006493:Heparin; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases