title: The effect of direct-to-consumer genetic tests on anticipated affect and health-seeking behaviors: a pilot survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous websites offer direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing, yet it is unknown how individuals will react to genetic risk profiles online. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a web-based survey and conjoint methods to elicit individuals' interpretations of genetic risk profiles by their anticipated worry/anxiousness and health-seeking behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A web-based survey was developed using conjoint methods. Each survey presented 12 hypothetical genetic risk profiles describing genetic test results for four diseases. Test results were characterized by the type of disease (eight diseases), individual risk (five levels), and research confidence (three levels). After each profile, four questions were asked regarding anticipated worry and health-seeking behaviors. Probabilities of response outcomes based on attribute levels were estimated from logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 319 participants (69%) completed 3828 unique genetic risk profiles. Across all profiles, most participants anticipated making doctor's appointments (63%), lifestyle changes (57%), and accessing screening (57%); 40% anticipated feeling more worried and anxious. Higher levels of disease risk were significantly associated with affirmative responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conjoint methods may be used to elicit reactions to genetic information online. Preliminary results suggest that genetic information may increase worry/anxiousness and health-seeking behaviors among consumers of DTC tests. Further research is planned to determine the appropriateness of these affects and behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bansback
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sizto
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guh
authors.forename: Aslam H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Anis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003256:Community Participation / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult