title: The relation among NGF, EGF and insulin is important for triggering pancreatic β cell apoptosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a well-known mediator for maintaining the survival of neurons, while recent studies report that its absence induces apoptosis in cultured β cells of humans and rats. However, its relationship with other growth factors that have important roles in the survival and function of β cells such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NGF withdrawal on the synthesis and secretion of EGF, insulin with respect to β cell apoptosis in hyperglycemic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  β cells were isolated from euglycemic and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats and treated with NGF neutralizing antibody for withdrawal of NGF in culture medium. NGF, EGF and insulin levels in cell lysates and secretion samples were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their gene expressions were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Apoptosis was quantitatively determined by cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nerve growth factor neutralization triggered β cell apoptosis. In addition decreased insulin, increased NGF and EGF were observed at gene expression and protein levels by NGF neutralization. Moreover, NGF withdrawal decreased secretion of these peptides from β cells. Although the alterations seemed to be similar under euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions, NGF withdrawal more strongly affected β cells of hyperglycemic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These important findings indicate that NGF is an important regulator for the synthesis and secretion of EGF and insulin from the β cells. Moreover, results suggested that NGF withdrawal causes apoptosis by decreasing EGF, NGF and insulin secretion from β cells of hyperglycemic rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. selgez@istanbul.edu.tr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gezginci-Oktayoglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karatug
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bolkent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D013311:Streptozocin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor