title: Glutathione improves early somatic embryogenesis in Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O. Kuntze by alteration in nitric oxide emission.
abstract: In this work, it was observed a straight relationship between the manipulation of the reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio, nitric oxide emission and quality and number of early somatic embryos in Araucaria angustifolia, a Brazilian endangered native conifer. In low concentrations GSH (0.01 and 0.1mM) is a potential NO scavenger in the culture medium. Furthermore, it can increase the number of early SE formed in cell suspension culture media in a few days. However, the maintenance in this low redox state lead to a loss of early somatic embryos polarization. In gelled culture medium, high levels of GSH (5mM) allows the development of globular embryos presenting a high NO emission on embryo apex, stressing its importance in the differentiation and cell division. Taken together these results indicate that the modification of the embryogenic cultures redox state might be an effective strategy to develop more efficient embryogenic systems in A. angustifolia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346, ZC: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leila do Nascimento
authors.initials: Ldo N
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Claudete
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santa-Catarina
authors.forename: Hugo Pacheco
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: de Freitas Fraga
authors.forename: André Luis Wendt
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.forename: Douglas André
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Steinmacher
authors.forename: Paulo Sérgio
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Schlogl
authors.forename: Vanildo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Neusa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Eny Iochevet Segal
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Floh
authors.forename: Miguel Pedro
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Guerra
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002455:Cell Division; D056727:Endangered Species; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D063245:Plant Development; D058439:Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D064028:Tracheophyta / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide