title: Prediction of subacute infarct size in acute middle cerebral artery stroke: comparison of perfusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient maps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare perfusion-weighted (PW) imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in prediction of infarct size and growth in patients with acute middle cerebral artery infarct.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by the local institutional review board. Written informed consent was obtained from all 80 patients. Subsequent infarct volume and growth on follow-up magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained within 6 days were compared with the predictions based on PW images by using a time-to-peak threshold greater than 4 seconds and ADC maps obtained less than 12 hours after middle cerebral artery infarct. ADC- and PW imaging-predicted infarct growth areas and infarct volumes were correlated with subsequent infarct growth and follow-up diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging volumes. The impact of MR imaging time delay on the correlation coefficient between the predicted and subsequent infarct volumes and individual predictions of infarct growth by using receiver operating characteristic curves were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The infarct volume measurements were highly reproducible (concordance correlation coefficient [CCC] of 0.965 and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.949, 0.976 for acute DW imaging; CCC of 0.995 and 95% CI: 0.993, 0.997 for subacute DW imaging). The subsequent infarct volume correlated (P<.0001) with ADC- (ρ=0.853) and PW imaging- (ρ=0.669) predicted volumes. The correlation was higher for ADC-predicted volume than for PW imaging-predicted volume (P<.005), but not when the analysis was restricted to patients without recanalization (P=.07). The infarct growth correlated (P<.0001) with PW imaging-DW imaging mismatch (ρ=0.470) and ADC-DW imaging mismatch (ρ=0.438), without significant differences between both methods (P=.71). The correlations were similar among time delays with ADC-predicted volumes but decreased with PW imaging-based volumes beyond the therapeutic window. Accuracies of ADC- and PW imaging-based predictions of infarct growth in an individual prediction were similar (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] of 0.698 and 95% CI: 0.585, 0.796 vs AUC of 0.749 and 95% CI: 0.640, 0.839; P=.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ADC-based method was as accurate as the PW imaging-based method for evaluating infarct growth and size in the subacute phase.
authors.affiliation: AP-HP Service de Neuroradiologie and AP-HP Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drier
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tourdias
authors.forename: Yohan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Attal
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sibon
authors.forename: Gurkan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehéricy
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chiras
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dormont
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Orgogozo
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dousset
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002544:Cerebral Infarction; D015897:Comorbidity; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult