title: Safe timing for an urgent Caesarean section: what is the evidence to guide policy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine, from the evidence, what is the optimum decision to delivery (DDI) intervals in emergency Caesarean sections (CS). The aim of the study was to help guide policy in maternity services and identify issues relating to DDI and safe practice in maternity care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Assessment of the quality of eligible papers was undertaken using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) rating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is no strong evidence that a DDI of 30 min or less is associated with improved outcomes for babies or mothers. Some evidence suggests that a DDI of greater than 30 min but less than 75 min confers benefit, but these findings were confounded by the indications for the emergency CS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urgent CS should occur as soon as possible, but there is insufficient evidence to support a definite time frame, such as 30 min. A consistency of approach and nomenclature in describing the urgency of CS is necessary, which would enable criteria for further audit regarding DDI. Staff training should be addressed to improve transfer systems for CS. Antenatal risk assessment and congruence with role delineation and service delivery capacity is important.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Midwifery, Child and Family Health, Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. caroline.homer@uts.edu.au
authors.forename: Caroline S E
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Homer
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catling-Paull
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D009313:National Health Programs; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications