title: When research meets reality-lessons learned from a pragmatic multisite group-randomized clinical trial on psychosocial interventions in the psychiatric and addiction field.
abstract: Research on treatments for patients with co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders is of core importance and at the same time highly challenging as it includes patients that are normally excluded from clinical studies. Such research may require methodological adaptations which in turn create new challenges. However, the challenges that arise in such studies are insufficiently discussed in the literature. The aim of this methodology paper is, firstly, to discuss the methodological adaptations that may be required in such research; secondly, to describe how such adaptations created new challenges in a group-randomized clinical trial on Integrated Treatment amongst patients with co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders. We also discuss how these challenges might be understood and highlight lessons for future research in this field.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00447733.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Center for Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Linda E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wüsthoff
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waal
authors.forename: Rolf W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Gråwe