title: Evaluating genetic risk for prostate cancer among Japanese and Latinos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of prostate cancer among diverse populations. To search for novel prostate cancer risk variants, we conducted GWAS of prostate cancer in Japanese and Latinos. In addition, we tested prostate cancer risk variants and developed genetic risk models of prostate cancer for Japanese and Latinos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our first-stage GWAS of prostate cancer included Japanese (cases/controls = 1,033/1,042) and Latino (cases/controls = 1,043/1,057) from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). Significant associations from stage I (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)) were examined in silico in GWAS of prostate cancer (stage II) in Japanese (cases/controls = 1,583/3,386) and Europeans (cases/controls = 1,854/1,894).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No novel stage I single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) outside of known risk regions reached genome-wide significance. For Japanese, in stage I, the most notable putative novel association was seen with 10 SNPs (P ≤ 8.0 × 10(-6)) at chromosome 2q33; however, this was not replicated in stage II. For Latinos, the most significant association was observed with rs17023900 at the known 3p12 risk locus (stage I: OR = 1.45; P = 7.01 × 10(-5) and stage II: OR = 1.58; P = 3.05 × 10(-7)). The majority of the established risk variants for prostate cancer, 79% and 88%, were positively associated with prostate cancer in Japanese and Latinos (stage I), respectively. The cumulative effects of these variants significantly influence prostate cancer risk (OR per allele = 1.10; P = 2.71 × 10(-25) and OR = 1.07; P = 1.02 × 10(-16) for Japanese and Latinos, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our GWAS of prostate cancer did not identify novel genome-wide significant variants. However, our findings show that established risk variants for prostate cancer significantly contribute to risk among Japanese and Latinos.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 1236 Lauhala Street, Suite 407, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. icheng@cc.hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Iona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Gary K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hidewaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Cathy C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Laurie
authors.forename: Jess
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Loreall C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pooler
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Crenshaw
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mirel
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Ali Amin
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al Olama
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benlloch
authors.forename: Jenny L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: Freddie C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.forename: Zsofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kote-Jarai
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Lynne R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wilkens
authors.forename: Kristine R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Monroe
authors.forename: Daniel O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Stram
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: Rosalind A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Eeles
authors.forename: Douglas F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Easton
authors.forename: Laurence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kolonel
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Marchand
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Haiman
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012306:Risk; D018426:SEER Program