title: A mild and reliable method to label enveloped virus with quantum dots by copper-free click chemistry.
abstract: Real-time tracking of the dynamic process of virus invasion is crucial to understanding the infection mechanism. For successful tracking, efficient labeling methods are indispensable. In this paper, we report a mild and reliable method for labeling viruses, especially with regard to easily disabled enveloped viruses. The copper-free click chemistry has been used to label enveloped viruses with quantum dots (QDs) by linking virions modified with azide to the QDs derived with dibenzocyclooctynes (DBCO). Both vaccinia virus (VACV) and avian influenza A virus (H9N2) can be specifically and rapidly labeled under mild conditions, with a labeling efficiency of more than 80%. The labeled virions were of intact infectivity, and their fluorescence was strong enough to realize single-virion tracking. Compared to previously reported methods, our method is less destructive, reliable, and universal, without specific requirements for the type and structure of viruses to be labeled, which has laid the foundation for long-term dynamic visualization of virus infection process.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Han-Zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001386:Azides / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D057930:Click Chemistry; D003516:Cycloparaffins / Q000737:chemistry; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D045663:Quantum Dots; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D014709:Vero Cells / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D001386:Azides; D003516:Cycloparaffins