title: Utility elicitation study in the UK general public for late-stage chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the United Kingdom (UK), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) makes up 40 % of all leukaemias in patients over 65 years. The study objective was to obtain societal preferences in the UK for "progression-free" and "progressive" states of late-stage CLL, refractory to current first and second line regimens. Preferences were also obtained for selected treatment-related adverse events (AEs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A utility elicitation study, using the time trade-off (TTO) method, was conducted by face-to-face interviews with 110 subjects for a baseline disease state (before treatment), three primary disease states [progression-free survival (PFS) and treatment responder, PFS and treatment non-responder and disease progression], and 4 AE sub-states (PFS responder with thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and infection, and PFS non-responder with infection). TTO scores were converted into utility values, and disutilities were calculated for AEs. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary disease state mean TTO utility scores were: baseline: 0.549; PFS response: 0.671; PFS non-response: 0.394; and progression: 0.214. The mean TTO utility (disutility) scores for the AEs were: PFS response with thrombocytopenia, 0.563 (-0.108), neutropenia, 0.508 (-0.163), and infection, 0.476 (-0.195); PFS non-response with infection, 0.333 (-0.061). The VAS results were in line with the TTO results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The utility was higher for the PFS state than baseline, but decreased below baseline in non-response and disease progression states. AEs had an impact on utility within the PFS response state. The severe infection AE had a greater impact on utilities for the responding to treatment state compared to the non-responder state.
authors.affiliation: Tolley Health Economics, Buxton, UK.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tolley
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goad
authors.forename: Yunni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maroudas
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haiderali
authors.forename: Gwilym
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult