title: Postimplant complications with transcatheter closure of congenital perimembranous ventricular septal defects: a single-center, longitudinal study from 2002 to 2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether or not to close perimembranous VSDs (pmVSDs) by transcatheter techniques is controversial because of a high rate of complications as compared with surgical alternatives.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report the short- and long-term follow-up results of the use of several kinds of devices to close pmVSDs and the annual incidence of postimplant complications in our center.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 2002 to June 2011, 232 patients with pmVSD underwent attempted transcatheter closure; closure was successful in 209 cases (90.1%). Six types of occlusive devices were used. Patient age, defect size, device type, device size and its relation to defect size, and transcatheter and fluoroscopy time were analyzed for correlation with annual incidence of postimplant complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no deaths during the follow-up period. Within 1 month after transcatheter closure, we found 91 adverse events (43.5%), but only 32 cases showed a trace amount of residual shunting. From 2002 to 2011, the annual incidence of postimplant complications gradually decreased, from 50% in 2002 to 17.6% in 2011. The use of Amplatzer occluder devices (r = 0.71, P = 0.033), double-disc symmetrical occluder devices (r = -0.68, P = 0.045), and transcatheter (r = 0.87, P = 0.003), and fluoroscopy time (r = 0.78, P = 0.02) were significantly correlated with the incidence of post-implant complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of transcatheter closure of pmVSD in terms of postimplant complications are encouraging in our center. It seemed that eccentric Amplatzer and domestic occluder may be at rather higher risk for postimplant complications. The incidence of postimplant complications may be minimized by skilled maneuvers, excluding rather small patients, and selecting the appropriate kind of occlusive device.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Youpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Jinchun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D055815:Young Adult