title: Reconstruction of complex orbital fracture with titanium implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of complex orbital fracture reconstruction with titanium implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 46 patients treated with complex orbital fractures reconstruction using titanium implants from January 2005 to December 2008 was conducted. The following data were recorded: age, gender, mechanism of injury, preoperative and postoperative orbital CT, visual acuity, diplopia, ocular motility and Hertel exophthalmometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common cause was motor vehicle accident (47.8%), followed by industrial injury (30.4%). All patients had improved appearance after operation and CT scan at one week after operation showed the fracture defects of orbit and neighboring areas had been reconstructed. Forty-six cases had various degrees of enophthalmos before operation. Among them, 32 cases were completely corrected, 11 cases improved obviously and 3 cases had no improvement after operation. Thirty-six patients with visual acuity ≥20/60 revealed diplopia of various degrees, including 26 patients had diplopia in right ahead and/or reading positions. At the sixth month after operation, diplopia disappeared in five patients, 7 patients still had diplopia in right ahead and/or reading positions, 14 patients had diplopia in positions rather than right ahead and reading positions (<20°) and ten patients had diplopia only at peripheral gazing (>20°). All patients had various degrees of ocular motility disorders before operation. At the sixth month after operation, eyeball movement disorder disappeared in 9 patients, 31 patients showed improvement and 6 patients had no improvement. Complications of implant infection, rejection and displacement were not reported after operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of titanium implants in the repair of complex orbital fractures greatly improves the appearance and functional results, which is a favorable material for plastic surgery of complex orbital fracture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Shu
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Xue-Liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jian-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xin-Rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Ou