title: A reproducible oral microcosm biofilm model for testing dental materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most studies of biofilm effects on dental materials use single-species biofilms, or consortia. Microcosm biofilms grown directly from saliva or plaque are much more diverse, but difficult to characterize. We used the Human Oral Microbial Identification Microarray (HOMIM) to validate a reproducible oral microcosm model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Saliva and dental plaque were collected from adults and children. Hydroxyapatite and dental composite discs were inoculated with either saliva or plaque, and microcosm biofilms were grown in a CDC biofilm reactor. In later experiments, the reactor was pulsed with sucrose. DNA from inoculums and microcosms was analysed by HOMIM for 272 species. Microcosms included about 60% of species from the original inoculum. Biofilms grown on hydroxyapatite and composites were extremely similar. Sucrose pulsing decreased diversity and pH, but increased the abundance of Streptococcus and Veillonella. Biofilms from the same donor, grown at different times, clustered together.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model produced reproducible microcosm biofilms that were representative of the oral microbiota. Sucrose induced changes associated with dental caries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first use of HOMIM to validate an oral microcosm model that can be used to study the effects of complex biofilms on dental materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. jrudney@umn.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rudney
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lenton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fok
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aparicio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D019149:Bioreactors; D002648:Child; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000032:analysis*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000254:growth & development; D013395:Sucrose / Q000737:chemistry; D014678:Veillonella / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D003764:Dental Materials; D013395:Sucrose; D017886:Durapatite