title: Fate and distribution of fipronil on companion animals and in their indoor residences following spot-on flea treatments.
abstract: Use of fipronil {5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile CAS 120068-37-3} topical pet products on dogs and cats introduces low level residues into residences. Distribution and fate studies of fipronil on pets and in residences were performed to evaluate potential determinants of human exposure. Fipronil, desulfinyl fipronil, fipronil sulfone and fipronil sulfide were measured on hair clippings and brushed hair. The derivatives usually represented <10% of fipronil applied. Cotton gloves worn over impervious nitrile gloves, cotton cloths placed indoors in locations frequented by pets, and cotton socks worn by residents as direct dosimeters collected fipronil and its derivatives listed above in low amounts during 4-week study periods. Subsequent acid hydrolysis urine biomonitoring did not reveal significant excretion of biomarkers at ppb levels. The human exposure potential of fipronil is low relative to levels of health concern.
authors.affiliation: Personal Chemical Exposure Program, Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bigelow Dyk
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhenshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Krieger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D004285:Dogs; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D057805:Pets / Q000469:parasitology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005423:Siphonaptera / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011720:Pyrazoles; C082360:fipronil