title: [Pressure ulcers in the critical patient: detection of risk factors].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) are more vulnerable to the appearance of pressure ulcers. This is the reason why the highest rates of pressure ulcers (PU) incidence and prevalence are found in the ICU. This study has aimed to identify risk factors related to the appearance of PU in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective and observational study that included all patients admitted for more than 24 h from October 2009 to June 2010. Dependent variable: Appearance of PU.
  
  
  METHODS
  APACHE II score, risk assessment score (EMINA), body mass index (BMI), support surface, nutrition, norepineprhine, sedation and care support devices. Data analyses: Kaplan-Meyer survival and Cox regression analysis. Significance p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 236 patients were included. A significant association was found to BMI≥30 (RR: 2.51), EMINA >10 (RR: 2.96), hyperproteic nutrition (RR: 0.946), turning (RR: 0.88), sedation (RR: 0.95), polyurethane nasogastric feeding tube (RR: 0.94), dynamic support surface (RR:0.88). Significant association of p < 0.1 for Norepinephrine (RR: 2.34).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMI≥ 30, EMINA and norepinephrine are predictive factors of risk for PU development. Sedation days, dynamic support surfaces, hyperproteic nutrition, turning, and polyurethane nasogastric feeding tube were established as protective factors against PU.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Departamento de Enfermería, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Universidad Rovira i Virgili de Tarragona, Tarragona, España. alba.roca@urv.cat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roca-Biosca
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Velasco-Guillén
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubio-Rico
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García-Grau
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anguera-Saperas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors