title: Incidence of and risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting at a Japanese Cancer Center: first large-scale study in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The first purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (PONV) 0-48 h after anesthesia at a Japanese cancer center. The second purpose of this study was to collect information on PONV risk factors, independently, in the categories of patient-related, anesthesia-related, and surgery-related factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequency of nausea and vomiting was prospectively investigated from 0 to 48 h after anesthesia in 1645 patients (11-94 years of age) at a single medical institution. The occurrence of nausea and vomiting and the use of antiemetics were recorded up to 48 h after anesthesia. Patient-related, anesthesia-related, and surgery-related factors were also recorded and submitted to multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship of these factors to nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidences of nausea and vomiting from 0 to 24 h after anesthesia were 40 and 22 %, respectively. The incidences 24-48 h after anesthesia were 10 and 3 %, respectively. Female sex, previous history of PONV, prolonged anesthesia, and remifentanil use during surgery were identified as risk factors for both nausea and vomiting. The use of a volatile anesthetic, use of fentanyl during surgery, postoperative use of opioids, nonsmoking status, and drinking alcohol on 4 or fewer days per week were identified as risk factors for nausea alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of and risk factors for PONV at a Japanese cancer center according to this study are comparable to those reported elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan. ryozo.morino@jfcr.or.jp
authors.forename: Ryozo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morino
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokota
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics