title: Clinical characteristics and treatment of blow-out fracture accompanied by canalicular laceration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blow-out fracture and canalicular laceration can occur simultaneously as a result of the same trauma. Despite its importance, little research has been conducted to identify clinical characteristics or surgical techniques for repair of a blow-out fracture accompanied by canalicular laceration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, the surgical approach, and the outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients who underwent simultaneous repair of canalicular laceration using silicone tube intubation and reconstruction of blow-out fracture were included. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patient demographics, nature of injury, affected canaliculus, location, and severity of blow-out fracture, associated facial bone fracture, ophthalmic diagnosis, length of follow-up period, and surgical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean patient age was 40.0 years (range, 17-71 y). The mean follow-up was 7.3 months. Fist to the orbital area (10 patients, 29.4%) was the most common cause. There were 24 lower canalicular lacerations (70.6%), 6 upper canalicular lacerations (17.6%), and 4 upper and lower canalicular lacerations (11.8%). Isolated medial wall fractures were most common (area A4: 20/34, 58.8%). Fractures involving both the floor and medial wall and maxillo-ethmoidal strut (areas A1, A2, A3, and A4) were the second most common (6/34, 17.6%), and floor and medial wall with intact strut (areas A1, A2, and A4) were injured in 6 patients (17.6%). Pure inferior wall fractures were least frequent (areas A1 and A2: 2/34, 5.9%). The severity of the fracture was severe in most patients except for 1 linear fracture with tissue entrapment and 1 moderate medial wall fracture (32/34, 94.1%). There was lid laceration in 20 patients (58.8%). Nasal bone fracture (5/34, 14.7%) was the most common facial bone fracture. Tubes were removed at a mean of 3.3 months (range, 3-4 mo). In total, 31 patients (91.2%) achieved complete success in canalicular laceration and blow-out fracture repair. No significant complications were encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fractures involving the medial wall with a lower canalicular laceration were the most common among concomitant blow-out fractures and canalicular lacerations. The severity of the fracture was most often classified as severe. Computed tomographic scan of the orbit and facial bones for identification of any additional injuries such as orbital wall and facial bone fractures should be performed in patients with canalicular laceration. To avoid disruption of the medial canthal area, repair of the canalicular laceration with silicone tube intubation was performed before reconstruction of the blow-out fracture through transconjunctival and transcaruncular approaches. Finally, the tube was fixed after blow-out fracture surgery, and these surgical orders yielded good surgical outcomes without complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jaemoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Tae Eun
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Mi
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyungho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Mijung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Minsoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sehyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D022125:Lacerations / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed