title: A survey of folk remedies for gastrointestinal tract diseases from Thailand's three southern border provinces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastrointestinal tract diseases commonly occur in Thailand. However, surveying for finding out traditional drugs has never been done.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To quantify and categorize the folk medicinal remedies that are used for healing the gastrointestinal tract by the traditional healers living in Thailand's three southern border provinces.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat provinces were selected. Semi-structured interviews of nine healers were conducted to collect information that included the remedy names, herbal ingredients, plant parts used, preparation, properties and treatment methods. The data were then further analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that 39 multi-species remedies and 36 single-species remedies were used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. A total of 103 plant species and 5 other materia medica were used as therapeutics. Most of the plants used were of the Zingiberaceae, Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae families. Furthermore, it was found that although most of the healers used different remedies for a particular disease, some of the ingredients might have been similar. For example, Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. was an ingredient used for parasitic disease remedies, and Senna alata (L.) Roxb. was used for constipation remedies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A review of the literature revealed 57 plant species and 2 other materia medica that have already been tested for their biological activities, whereas 46 plant species and 3 materia medica have never been tested. Consequently, research should be performed to confirm the pharmacological properties of folk remedies.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. oratai.n@psu.ac.th
authors.forename: Oratai
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Neamsuvan
authors.forename: Tuwaeyah
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tuwaemaengae
authors.forename: Fatin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bensulong
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asae
authors.forename: Kholeel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mosamae
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations