title: High-throughput fluorescence-based early antibiogram determination using clinical Escherichia coli isolates as case study.
abstract: The objective of this study is to develop an antibiogram (AB) method superior to a disc diffusion method (DDM) with respect to rapidity, reliability, and accuracy especially in view of an increasing threat from multidrug resistance (MDR) of infectious bacteria. A high-throughput liquid-phase fluorescent antibiogram method capable of providing results within 6-8 hours has been developed. The AB method has been optimally designed for ease of operation, growth, and dye stability. This new method was more reliable than DDM in differentiating AB sensitivity as susceptible, intermediate, and resistant within 6-8 hours and providing evidence for efflux mechanism in the MDR phenotype. The superiority of this method even over the standard liquid turbidity method was evidenced by more accurate determination of intermediary resistance in a set of 23 clinical Escherichia coli strains against five common antibiotics. In view of the demand for the right choice of an antibiotic in short time, the newly developed AB method is clinically applicable and useful in the rational use of antibiotic and minimizing of MDR emergence.
authors.affiliation: National Hub for Healthcare Instrumentation Development, Anna University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Alagiachidambaram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alagumaruthanayagam
authors.forename: Krishnan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sankaran
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D005453:Fluorescence; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents