title: Interactions between genetic background, insulin resistance and β-cell function.
abstract: An interaction between genes and the environment is a critical component underlying the pathogenesis of the hyperglycaemia of type 2 diabetes. The development of more sophisticated techniques for studying gene variants and for analysing genetic data has led to the discovery of some 40 genes associated with type 2 diabetes. Most of these genes are related to changes in β-cell function, with a few associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and obesity. Interestingly, using quantitative traits based on continuous measures rather than dichotomous ones, it has become evident that not all genes associated with changes in fasting or post-prandial glucose are also associated with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Identification of these gene variants has provided novel insights into the physiology and pathophysiology of the β-cell, including the identification of molecules involved in β-cell function that were not previously recognized as playing a role in this critical cell.
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA. skahn@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suvag
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Utzschneider
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism