title: Tolazoline-induced apnea in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus).
abstract: Eighteen mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and six Columbia black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) were held in pens and repeatedly anesthetized from April 2004 through June 2005 as part of an external parasite study. Deer were anesthetized using a combination of Telazol and xylazine hydrochloride (HCL) administered intramuscularly. Tolazoline HCL was slowly administered at 4 mg/kg intravenously to reverse the effects of xylazine with good results. For 17 of the 19 mule deer anesthesias in the fall of 2004, a mean dose of 7.3 mg/kg of intravenous tolazoline (range 6.1-8.4 mg/kg) was given by mistake. This paper describes clinical signs of apnea, muscle tensing, and fasciculations immediately following intravenous administration of tolazoline HCL in mule deer (O. hemionus) at 1.5-3 times the recommended dose. Mean dose for black-tailed deer during this time was 8.1 mg/kg (range 5.5-12.4 mg/kg) with no clinical signs as seen in the mule deer. Based on these findings, intravenous tolazoline use in mule deer is recommended at < or = 4 mg/kg.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Services, 530 Center Street NE, Suite 335, Salem, Oregon 97301, USA. jack.a.mortenson@usda.gov
authors.forename: Jack Alan
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mortenson
authors.forename: Jason Andrew
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Robison
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001049:Apnea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D003670:Deer; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000662:veterinary; D005207:Fasciculation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D014043:Tolazoline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000777:Anesthetics; D014043:Tolazoline