title: Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg expression in cultured PBMCs with antiphospholipid             antibodies.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of T-helper cell subtypes             Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and whether they are             related to anti-cardiolipin antibody (aPL) titers. Peripheral mononuclear cells             (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy donors, and incubated with aPLs. Subsequent             to a 48‑h incubation, PBMCs were collected and detected by flow cytometry. The             results revealed that aPLs at higher concentrations may induce a significant increase             in Th2 and Th17 frequencies, as opposed to a significant decrease in Th1 and Treg             frequencies and the Th1/Th2 ratio. These results indicate that there is a Th1/Th2             imbalance, a Th17 upregulation and a Treg downregulation present in APS, and that             these factors are positively correlated with aPL titers, suggesting a potential             role of Th cells in the pathogenesis of APS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Fufan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xinli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma