title: Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses to a combination of drought and ozone in Medicago truncatula.
abstract: Drought and tropospheric ozone are escalating climate change problems that can co-occur. In this study, we observed Medicago truncatula cultivar Jemalong that is sensitive to ozone and drought stress when applied singly, showed tolerance when subjected to a combined application of these stresses. Lowered stomatal conductance may be a vital tolerance mechanism to overcome combined ozone and drought. Sustained increases in both reduced ascorbate and glutathione in response to combined stress may play a role in lowering reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide toxicity. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes associated with glucan metabolism, responses to temperature and light signalling may play a role in dampening ozone responses due to drought-induced stomatal closure during combined occurrence of these two stresses. Gene ontologies for jasmonic acid signalling and innate immunity were enriched among the 300 differentially expressed genes unique to combined stress. Differential expression of transcription factors associated with redox, defence signalling, jasmonate responses and chromatin modifications may be important for evoking novel gene networks during combined occurrence of drought and ozone. The alterations in redox milieu and distinct transcriptome changes in response to combined stress could aid in tweaking the metabolome and proteome to annul the detrimental effects of ozone and drought in Jemalong.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.
authors.forename: Niranjani J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Ramamurthy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahalingam
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D055864:Droughts; D015870:Gene Expression; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D046913:Medicago truncatula / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010126:Ozone / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D010788:Photosynthesis; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000502:physiology; D018526:Plant Transpiration; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014867:Water; D002734:Chlorophyll; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010126:Ozone; D005978:Glutathione; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid