title: Epidemiology of parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3 infections based on virus isolation between 2002 and 2011 in Yamagata, Japan.
abstract: To clarify the epidemiology of viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs), 305 human parainfluenza virus types 1 (HPIV1), 154 HPIV2 and 574 HPIV3 strains were isolated from 16,962 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained between 2002 and 2011 at pediatric clinics in Yamagata, Japan. The total isolation frequency for HPIV1-3 was 6.1%. Unlike HPIV1 infections, HPIV3 showed clear seasonality with yearly outbreaks in the spring-summer season. HPIV2 tended to appear biannually in autumn-winter. Although no reliable techniques for the laboratory diagnosis of these infections have been established, the present results suggest that HPIV1-3 are an important causative agent of ARIs in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-0031, Japan. mizutak@pref.yamagata.jp
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abiko
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itagaki
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Katsushima
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsushima
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Tadayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahiko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010223:Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D010253:Respirovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D019351:Rubulavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D012621:Seasons