title: Modulated heterodyne light scattering set-up for measuring long relaxation time at small and wide angle.
abstract: We present a simple, compact, and versatile experimental setup working in the heterodyne detection mode with modulation of the reference beam. The system is implemented with a collection optics based on a unimodal optical fiber coupler. This choice allows the heterodyne to be used in a wide range of scattering angles, even for very small ones, without losing the optical beating. The apparatus can be successfully used to study translational diffusive dynamics of dispersed particles at scattering angles smaller than 5° and it is suitable for exploring slow relaxation processes in sub-Hertz frequency domain, for example, in glass-forming systems. It is also possible to measure the electrophoretic mobility by applying an electric field into a charged particles solution.
authors.affiliation: CNR-Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Villari
authors.forename: Norberto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Micali