title: Endonuclease VIII-like 1 (NEIL1) promotes short-term spatial memory retention and protects from ischemic stroke-induced brain dysfunction and death in mice.
abstract: Recent findings suggest that neurons can efficiently repair oxidatively damaged DNA, and that both DNA damage and repair are enhanced by activation of excitatory glutamate receptors. However, in pathological conditions such as ischemic stroke, excessive DNA damage can trigger the death of neurons. Oxidative DNA damage is mainly repaired by base excision repair (BER), a process initiated by DNA glycosylases that recognize and remove damaged DNA bases. Endonuclease VIII-like 1 (NEIL1) is a DNA glycosylase that recognizes a broad range of oxidative lesions. Here, we show that mice lacking NEIL1 exhibit impaired memory retention in a water maze test, but no abnormalities in tests of motor performance, anxiety, or fear conditioning. NEIL1 deficiency results in increased brain damage and a defective functional outcome in a focal ischemia/reperfusion model of stroke. The incision capacity on a 5-hydroxyuracil-containing bubble substrate was lower in the ipsilateral side of ischemic brains and in the mitochondrial lysates of unstressed old NEIL1-deficient mice. These results indicate that NEIL1 plays an important role in learning and memory and in protection of neurons against ischemic injury.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Chandrika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canugovi
authors.forename: Jeong Seon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Neil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Croteau
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mattson
authors.forename: Vilhelm A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Bohr
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000502:physiology*; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C481347:Neil1 protein, mouse