title: Effect of the natural pesticide spinosad (GF-120 formulation) on the foraging behavior of Plebeia moureana (Hymenoptera: Apidae).
abstract: In this study we evaluated the effects of the biorational pesticide, Spinosad (GF-120 formulation), on foraging behavior in the stingless bee Plebeia moureana (Ayala). Several foragers were individually trained to collect an unscented 1.0 M sucrose solution (31% sucrose wt:wt) from a blue plate in one arm of a Y-tube maze. The other arm offered plain water on a yellow plate. After 20-30 visits to the setup, the sucrose solution was exchanged for a sucrose solution mixed with one of five concentrations of GF-120 and 30 consecutive choices of each bee were recorded. Interestingly, the foragers collected the sucrose solution with GF-120 at all concentrations. Our results show that: 1) the GF-120 formulation, when applied at the recommended concentration and mixed with food, does not discourage engaged foragers and, 2) foraging behavior over time is not significantly impaired by the continuous collection of GF-120.
authors.affiliation: El Colegio de la Frontera Sur - Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico, CP 30700. dsanchez@ecosur.mx
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De J Solórzano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liedo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vandame
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013395:Sucrose
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D013395:Sucrose; C415329:spinosad