title: Success rate and challenges of fetal anesthesia for ultrasound guided fetal intervention by maternal opioid and benzodiazepine administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The safe and effective methods of fetal anesthesia/analgesia during ultrasound guided direct fetal procedure are yet to be determined. The authors investigated whether maternal diazepam/fentanyl administration meets this purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical/anesthesia records were retrospectively reviewed in cases between 2001 and 2010 at a tertiary perinatal center. Success rate as well as maternal and fetal complications were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 150 procedures in 118 fetuses, diazepam 10 mg and fentanyl 200 µg sufficiently prevented fetal movement upon the procedure in 56% of the procedures. Supplemental anesthetic agents such as nitrous oxide and propofol were needed in other cases. No serious maternal complication was noted, while fetal cardiac arrest/severe bradycardia was noted in three fetuses, one of which was successfully resuscitated by intracardiac adrenalin injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal diiazepam/fentanyl administration offered adequate fetal condition without significant maternal complications. Since these procedures are performed to treat severe fetal conditions, preparation for fetal resuscitation is also important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terui
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Motoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000758:Anesthesia; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D046128:Fetal Therapies; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D003975:Diazepam; D005283:Fentanyl