title: Lumican expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was aimed to investigate lumican expression in and correlation with severity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed mRNA expression and protein localization (using immunohistochemistry) in PDA samples collected from 260 patients. Additionally, we compared lumican expression with expression of Ki-67, VEGF and mutated p53 proteins, which are markers of cancer progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression levels of lumican mRNA and protein in cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in tumor-adjacent tissue (t=5.69, p<0.05). The stromal expression of lumican in poorly differentiated cases was significantly higher at stage T4 than stage T2-3 (χ²=21.06, p<0.05); similarly, the stromal expression of lumican was significantly higher in TNM stage III-IV than in stage I-Il (χ²=17.01, p<0.05). Additionally, expression of Ki67 was higher in poorly differentiated cases than in highly-moderately differentiated cases (χ²=13.06, p<0.05). Finally, in highly-moderately differentiated samples, stromal expression of lumican was negatively correlated with expression of Ki-67, VEGF and mutated P53 (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lumican expression is higher in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma than in tumor-adjacent tissue, and the correlation of lumican expression with TNM stage in poorly differentiated samples, in contrast with its negative correlation with expression of Ki-67, VEGF and mutated P53 mutation in highly-moderately differentiated samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Xu
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Cheng-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yan-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ke-Feng
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: Kai-Shan
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007632:Keratan Sulfate / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D000071234:Lumican; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C000604306:LUM protein, human; D000071234:Lumican; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007632:Keratan Sulfate