title: Combined treatment with capsaicin and resveratrol enhances neuroprotection against glutamate-induced toxicity in mouse cerebral cortical neurons.
abstract: Capsaicin and resveratrol as natural products have a variety of beneficial effects. However, capsaicin is also a neurotoxic agent, rendering its effect on the nervous system confusing. The aim of this study was to investigate whether capsaicin and/or resveratrol have a protective effect against glutamate (Glu)-induced neurotoxicity. After exposure to glutamate for 15 min, cerebral cortical neurons of ICR mouse fetuses on embryonic days 15-16 were post-treated with capsaicin and/or resveratrol for 24 h. Glu induced a significant reduction in cell viability, but the cell viability increased significantly with capsaicin or resveratrol treatment and further was highest in the neurons co-treated with both phytochemicals. Glu-induced reactive oxygen species generation and apoptotic neuronal death also significantly decreased by a combined treatment with both phytochemicals. Due to Glu insults, the reduced mRNA levels of cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase, copper/zinc and manganese superoxide dismutases, and Bcl-x(L) and the overexpressed mRNA levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly restored by post-treatment of capsaicin and/or resveratrol. These findings indicate that capsaicin and resveratrol are neuroprotective against Glu-induced toxicity and that the combined treatment of both phytochemicals can enhance the neuroprotection, suggesting a useful therapeutic application in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Geol
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yon
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: A Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ki Youn
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sang-Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D000077185:Resveratrol; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000235:genetics; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013267:Stilbenes; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493921:TRPV1 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D000077185:Resveratrol; D002211:Capsaicin