title: The methanolic fraction of Centratherum anthelminticum seed downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and hyperglycemia in STZ-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
abstract: This study aimed to ascertain the potential of Centratherum anthelminticum seeds methanolic fraction (CAMFs) for the management of type 2 diabetes and its associated complications. CAMFs was initially tested on β-TC6 cells for H(2)O(2)-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation effects. The result displayed that CAMFs significantly inhibited NF-κB translocation from cytoplasm into the nucleus, dose-dependently. Furthermore, a 12-week sub-chronic CAMFs study was carried out on streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rat model to evaluate glycemia, essential biochemical parameters, lipid levels, oxidative stress markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines level. Our study result showed that CAMFs reduced hyperglycemia by increasing serum insulin, C-peptide, total protein, and albumin levels, significantly. Whereas, elevated blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipids and enzyme activities were restored to near normal. CAMFs confirmed antioxidant potential by elevating glutathione (GSH) and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in diabetic rats. Interestingly, CAMFs down-regulated elevated tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the tissues and serum of the diabetic rats. We conclude that CAMFs exerted apparent antidiabetic effects and demonstrated as a valuable candidate nutraceutical for insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes and its associated complications such as dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. aditya@um.edu.my
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Shiau Chuen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cheah
authors.forename: Chung Yeng
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Looi
authors.forename: Hairin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: Mohd Rais
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Mustafa Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mohd
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013311:Streptozocin; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009536:Niacinamide; D013311:Streptozocin