title: [Comparative study on oral candidal infection in individuals with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the positive rate, infection rate and bearing rate of salivary candida in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), individuals with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and their predisposing factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire was given to 145 patients with DM, 142 individuals with IGR and 149 NGT individuals. Oral examination was carried out, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level and plasma glucose level of 2 hours post glucose-load (PG2h), resting salivary flow, salivary pH value were tested. Salivary candida was cultured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In DM, IGR and NGT groups, the positive rates of salivary candida were 21.4% (31/145), 7.0% (10/142), 4.7% (7/149) respectively, the infection rates were 7.6% (11/145), 1.4% (2/142), 1.3% (2/149) respectively, and the bearing rates of salivary candida were 13.8% (20/145), 5.6% (8/142), 3.4% (5/149) respectively. The candida positive rate, candida infection rate in DM group were higher than those of IGR and NGT groups respectively (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the candida positive rate, infection rate and bearing rate between IGR and NGT groups (P > 0.05). Resting salivary flow in DM [(1.30 ± 1.20) ml/10 min] and IGR [(1.40 ± 1.17) ml/10 min]groups were lower than that in NGT group [(1.93 ± 1.66) ml/10 min], salivary pH values in DM (7.11 ± 0.56) and IGR (7.05 ± 0.48) groups were lower than that in NGT group (7.38 ± 0.48) (P < 0.05), while FPG value in DM [(7.68 ± 2.75) mmol/L] and IGR [(5.67 ± 0.73) mmol/L] groups were respectively higher tham that in NGT group [(4.99 ± 0.44) mmol/L], P < 0.05. The infection rate of salivary candida was influenced to some degree by age, FPG level and bearing denture (OR value = 1.106, 1.258, 3.166).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients with DM were more subjected to bearing or infection of candida than individuals with IGR and NGT. To control the plasma glucose level will help to decrease the positive rate and infection rate of oral candida.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Jing-hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong-wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral; D003778:Dentures / Q000009:adverse effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose