title: Effects of the ionic liquid [Omim]PF6 on antioxidant enzyme systems, ROS and DNA damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: The present study examined the toxic effects of the exposure to different concentrations of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate for a 28-day period in zebrafish (Danio rerio) (sampled at 7, 14, 21 and 28 d). The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), levels of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in fish livers served as the indicators to assess the toxicity of [Omim]PF(6) to zebrafish. The ionic liquid inhibited the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and caused the accumulation of ROS and DNA damage, and the results were concentration- and time-dependent. Male and female fish were tested separately and no differences were observed. The results showed that the ionic liquid could induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in zebrafish and that these effects could also accumulate over time.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, PR China. dzk77@163.com
authors.forename: Zhongkun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Lusheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Shaoyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C446740:1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; D007093:Imidazoles; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase