title: Layer-by-layer click deposition of functional polymer coatings for combating marine biofouling.
abstract: "Click" chemistry-enabled layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of multilayer functional polymer coatings provides an alternative approach to combating biofouling. Fouling-resistant azido-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-based polymer chains (azido-poly(PEGMA)) and antimicrobial alkynyl-functionalized 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-based polymer chains (alkynyl-poly(META)) were click-assembled layer-by-layer via alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The polymer multilayer coatings are resistant to bacterial adhesion and are bactericidal to marine Gram-negative Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB 2021 bacteria. Settlement of barnacle ( Amphibalanus (= Balanus ) amphitrite ) cyprids is greatly reduced on the multilayer polymer-functionalized substrates. As the number of the polymer layers increases, efficacy against bacterial fouling and settlement of barnacle cyprids increases. The LBL-functionalized surfaces exhibit low toxicity toward the barnacle cyprids and are stable upon prolonged exposure to seawater. LBL click deposition is thus an effective and potentially environmentally benign way to prepare antifouling coatings.
authors.affiliation: NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576.
authors.forename: Wen Jing
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Dicky
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pranantyo
authors.forename: Koon-Gee
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Neoh
authors.forename: En-Tang
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Serena Lay-Ming
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rittschof
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001386:Azides / Q000737:chemistry; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D057930:Click Chemistry; D061565:Cycloaddition Reaction; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D001468:Thoracica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C120889:2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl methacrylate; D000480:Alkynes; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001386:Azides; D008689:Methacrylates; C450003:poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate polymer; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols