title: Longitudinal displacement of the carotid wall and cardiovascular risk factors: associations with aging, adiposity, blood pressure and periodontal disease independent of cross-sectional distensibility and intima-media thickness.
abstract: The recently discovered longitudinal displacement of the common carotid arterial wall (i.e., the motion along the same plane as the blood flow), may be associated with incident cardiovascular events and represents a novel and relevant clinical information. At present, there have only been a few studies that have been conducted to investigate this longitudinal movement. We propose here a method to assess noninvasively the wall bi-dimensional (two-dimensional [2-D], cross-sectional and longitudinal) motion and present an original approach that combines a robust speckle tracking scheme to guidance by minimal path contours segmentation. Our method is well suited to large clinical population studies as it does not necessitate strong imaging prerequisites. The aim of this study is to describe the association between the longitudinal displacement of the carotid arterial wall and cardiovascular risk factors, among which periodontal disease. Some 126 Indigenous Australians with periodontal disease, an emerging risk factor, and 27 healthy age- and sex-matched non-indigenous control subjects had high-resolution ultrasound scans of the common carotid artery. Carotid intima-media thickness and arterial wall 2-D motion were then assessed using our method in ultrasound B-mode sequences. Carotid longitudinal displacement was markedly lower in the periodontal disease group than the control group (geometric mean (IQR): 0.15 mm (0.13) vs. 0.42 mm (0.30), respectively; p < 0.0001), independent of cardiovascular risk factors, cross-sectional distensibility and carotid intima-media thickness (p < 0.0001). A multivariable model indicated that the strongest correlates of carotid longitudinal displacement in adults with periodontal disease were age (β-coefficient = -.235, p = .03), waist (β-coefficient = -.357, p = 0.001), and pulse pressure (β-coefficient = .175, p = 0.07), independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, cross-sectional distensibility and pulse wave velocity. Carotid longitudinal displacement, estimated with our approach, is impaired in the periodontal disease group, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors and other noninvasive measures of arterial stiffness, and may represent an important marker of cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1044, INSA, Lyon, France. guillaume.zahnd@creatis.insa-lyon.fr
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zahnd
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vray
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sérusclat
authors.forename: Djhianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alibay
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartold
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kapellas
authors.forename: Louise J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Maple-Brown
authors.forename: Kerin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Dea
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Celermajer
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Skilton
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000375:Aging; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D015897:Comorbidity; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance