title: Impact of sex hormonal changes on tension-type headache and migraine: a cross-sectional population-based survey in 2,600 women.
abstract: Sex hormones have some implications on headaches. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of hormonal changes comparatively on tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine, in a population-based sample. A nationwide face-to-face prevalence study was conducted using a structured electronic questionnaire. 54.3 % of the migraineurs reported that the probability of experiencing headache during menstruation was high, whereas 3.9 % had headache only during menstruation. Forward logistic regression analysis revealed that menstruation was a significant trigger for migraine in comparison to TTH. On the other hand, nearly double the number of TTH sufferers reported "pure menstrual headache" compared to migraineurs (p = 0.02). Menstrual headaches caused significantly higher MIDAS grades. One-third of the definite migraineurs reported improvement during pregnancy and oral contraceptives significantly worsened migraine. Menopause had a slight improving effect on migraine compared to TTH. Sex hormonal changes have major impacts particularly on migraine; however, the effects of hormonal fluctuations on TTH should not be underestimated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Uludağ, 16059, Bursa, Turkey. nkarli@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Necdet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karlı
authors.forename: Betül
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baykan
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ertaş
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarifoğlu
authors.forename: Aksel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siva
authors.forename: Sabahattin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saip
authors.forename: Güven
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozkaya
authors.forename: Ayşe Emel
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Onal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008598:Menstruation; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones