title: Antifungal effect and mechanism of chitosan against the rice sheath blight pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani.
abstract: The antifungal properties and mechanism of three types of chitosan against the rice sheath blight pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani, were evaluated. Each chitosan had strong antifungal activity against R. solani and protected rice seedlings from sheath blight, in particular, two types of acid-soluble chitosan caused a 60-91 % inhibition in mycelial growth, 31-84 % inhibition of disease incidence, and 66-91 % inhibition in lesion length. The mechanism of chitosan in protection of rice from R. solani pathogen was attributed to direct destruction of the mycelium, evidenced by scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations and pathogenicity testing; indirect induced resistance was evidenced by the changes in the activities of the defense-related phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in rice seedling. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the antifungal activity of chitosan against rice R. solani.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wenxiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guoxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Zhongyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Yangli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guanlin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Hongye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guochang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D048271:Chitosan