title: Intussusception: clinical presentations and imaging characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of clinical findings associated with intussusception based on age and to evaluate the test characteristics of the presence of air in the ascending colon on abdominal radiographs and the effectiveness of ultrasound in diagnosing intussusception.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cohort study via chart review at a tertiary care center from January 2002 to December 2008. All children, aged 0 to 17 years, were identified with intussusception by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnostic coding. Charts were reviewed for clinical signs and symptoms at presentation, and all diagnostic studies were retrieved. A pediatric radiologist reviewed all films and ultrasounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 219 patients were identified with intussusception. One hundred thirty-two (60%) of patients were male; 127 (60%) were younger than 1 year (median, 7 months), 59 (27%) were 13 to 35 months (median, 23 months), and 33 (15%) were 3 years or older (median, 5 years). Children younger than 12 months were more likely to present with emesis, irritability, and guaiac-positive or grossly bloody stools compared with children older than 12 months (P < 0.05). In children older than 12 months, abdominal pain was the most common symptom (>96%). Plain films were performed in 192 children, and of these, 163 (85%) had no air present in the ascending colon. Abdominal ultrasound was performed on 63 patients, with 58 (92%) having findings consistent with intussusception.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abdominal pain is the most common complaint in all ages for children presenting with intussusception. In children younger than 12 months, the strongest clinical predictors are emesis, irritability, and blood in the stool. For diagnosing intussusceptions, radiographs of the abdomen performed well, but ultrasound performed better, diagnosing intussusception in 92% of the cases.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Emergency Medicine and †Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mandeville
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: F Anthony
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Willyerd
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mandell
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hostetler
authors.forename: Blake
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bulloch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007443:Intussusception / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography