title: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with quadriceps tendon autograft and press-fit fixation using an anteromedial portal technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article describes an arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction technique with a quadriceps tendon autograft using an anteromedial portal technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 5 cm quadriceps tendon graft is harvested with an adjacent 2 cm bone block. The femoral tunnel is created through a low anteromedial portal in its anatomical position. The tibial tunnel is created with a hollow burr, thus acquiring a free cylindrical bone block. The graft is then passed through the tibial tunnel and the bone block, customized at its tip, is tapped into the femoral tunnel through the anteromedial portal to provide press-fit fixation. The graft is tensioned distally and sutures are tied over a bone bridge at the distal end of the tibial tunnel. From the cylindrical bone block harvested from the tibia the proximal end is customized and gently tapped next to the graft tissue into the tibial tunnel to assure press fitting of the graft in the tibial tunnel. The distal part of the tibial tunnel is filled up with the remaining bone.All patients were observed in a prospective fashion with subjective and objective evaluation after 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients have been evaluated at a 12 months follow-up. The technique achieved in 96.7% normal or nearly normal results for the objective IKDC. The mean subjective IKDC score was 86.1 ± 15.8. In 96.7% the Tegner score was the same as before injury or decreased one category. A negative or 1+ Lachman test was achieved in all cases. Pivot-shift test was negative or (+) glide in 86.7%. The mean side-to-side difference elevated by instrumental laxity measurement was 1.6 ± 1.1 mm. Full ROM has been achieved in 92.3%. The mean single one-leg-hop index was 91.9 ± 8.0 at the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potential advantages include minimum bone loss specifically on the femoral side and graft fixation without implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, Ostmerheimer Straße 200, Cologne 51109, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akoto
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoeher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010329:Patella / Q000637:transplantation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000601:surgery*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult