title: Multimodality 3D-roadmap for cardiovascular interventions in congenital heart disease--a single-center, retrospective analysis of 78 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modern fluoroscopic angiography systems permit rendering of three-dimensional volumetric data sets using rotational angiography (3D-RA). Along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or multi-detector-row computed tomography (MDCT) data sets, they can be fused with live fluoroscopy images for roadmapping during therapeutic procedures, but the value of multimodality fused data sets has not been clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a pediatric cardiac catheterization laboratory, we analyzed 78 interventional cardiovascular procedures in which 3D models of 3D-RA, MRI, or MDCT were used for 3D-guidance. Accuracy of 2D-3D registration as well as overall procedural benefit was independently rated by two pediatric interventionalists. Fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, and contrast dye consumption were evaluated and, grouping a subgroup analysis, the parameters were compared between patients who underwent stenting of aortic coarctation with and without 3D-roadmapping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3D-guiding was used in 78 cases, 75 of these cases were with accurate 2D-3D registration. 3D-roadmapping was rated superior to conventional biplane imaging in 74 cases. 3D-guidance was used in 64 cases to define the ideal C-arm angulation and in 60 cases for accurate device positioning. Median dose-area product in the total investigation was 706.3 μGym(2) (104.8-7249.7 μGym(2) ), 3.3 ml/kg (0.9-13.7 ml/kg) of contrast dye was used, and total fluoroscopy time was 14.5 min (2.9-68.1 min). Fluoroscopy time for 3D-guided stenting of aortic coarctation is significantly lower (8.35 versus 10.2 min; P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-image fusion with live fluoroscopy can be applied successfully in catheter-based interventions of congenital heart disease. 3D-guidance facilitates catheter manipulations and interventions, allows preselection of ideal projection angles, reduces fluoroscopic time and the number of control angiographies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glöckler
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halbfaβ
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achenbach
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dittrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D062906:Cardiac Catheters; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005858:Germany; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional; D008297:Male; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media