title: Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a mechanism in the relationship between early sexual victimization and incapacitated/drug-or-alcohol-facilitated and forcible rape.
abstract: Sexual assault occurring when the victim is unable to consent or resist due to the use or administration of alcohol or drugs (i.e., incapacitated/drug-or-alcohol facilitated rape; IR/DAFR) is a particularly prevalent form of victimization experienced by college women. By definition, substance use precedes IR/DAFR; however, few studies have examined other potential risk factors for IR/DAFR that may be unique from those associated with forcible rape (FR; i.e., sexual assault occurring due to threats or physical restraint). The present investigation tested a model of risk for IR/DAFR and FR suggesting that child or adolescent sexual abuse (CASA) leads to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, which in turn increase the likelihood of IR/DAFR, but not FR. Results revealed full mediation for PTSD hyperarousal symptoms in the pathway between CASA and IR/DAFR, and partial mediation for hyperarousal symptoms in the pathway between CASA and FR. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. walsk@musc.edu
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DiLillo
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klanecky
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McChargue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult