title: Comparison of activity level among patients with chronic liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether self-reported maximal and daily activity levels are impaired among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinicodemographic, diagnostic, self-report and standard laboratory data were obtained. Univariate, multivariate and regression analyses were performed comparing group maximal (Maximum Activity Score [MAS]) and daily activity scores (Adjusted Activity Score [AAS]), adjusted for age and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred twenty-two patients completed activity-level self-reports (mean age [52.4 ± 10.0 years], BMI [28.3 ± 6.58], 31.2% NAFLD, 48.3% HCV, 20.3% HBV). On multivariate analysis, significantly higher MAS (p < 0.05) and AAS in HBV patients correlated with absence of cirrhosis, younger age, male gender (higher MAS) and lower BMI (higher AAS). Lowest activity levels were found primarily in obese patients (p < 0.009). Compared with population norms, NAFLD and HCV cohorts scored mildly disabled on MAS; the HBV cohort scored low normal. Mild disability on AAS was observed in patients with HBV; moderate disability in those with NAFLD, HCV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All groups had significantly lower activity levels than population norms. Nonobese patients showed significantly less disability than obese patients. Patients with NAFLD and HCV are likely to have lower levels than those with HBV without cirrhosis. This presents an additional risk factor for disability and mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients had significantly lower activity levels than expected for their age and gender, as measured by the Human Activity Profile (HAP). • Overweight and normal weight chronic liver disease (CLD) patients showed significantly less disability than obese chronic liver disease patients. • Patients with NAFLD and HCV are likely to participate in low levels of activity that require fewer metabolic equivalents for completion, adding an additional risk factor for disability and mortality. • Targeting low activity level in CLD patients, and decreasing BMI below the obesity threshold, may reduce disability and risk of mortality.
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA. jillian.price@inova.org
authors.forename: Jillian Kallman
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Ragini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Chunhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.forename: Lynn H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Zobair M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Younossi
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires