title: Medicare postacute care payment reforms have potential to improve efficiency of care, but may need changes to cut costs.
abstract: The Affordable Care Act mandates changes in payment policies for Medicare postacute care services intended to contain spending in the long run and help ensure the program's financial sustainability. In addition to reducing annual payment increases to providers under the existing prospective payment systems, the act calls for demonstration projects of bundled payment, accountable care organizations, and other strategies to promote care coordination and reduce spending. Experience with the adoption of Medicare prospective payment systems in postacute care settings approximately a decade ago suggests that current reforms could, but need not necessarily, produce such undesirable effects as decreased access for less profitable patients, poorer patient outcomes, and only short-lived curbs on spending. Policy makers will need to be vigilant in monitoring the impact of the Affordable Care Act reforms and be prepared to amend policies as necessary to ensure that the reforms exert persistent controls on spending without compromising the delivery of patient-appropriate postacute services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. grabowski@hcp.med.harvard.edu
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Huckfeldt
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Escarce
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Newhouse
mesh_terms: D003363:Cost Control / Q000379:methods; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D058991:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D019145:Rehabilitation Nursing / Q000191:economics*; D012051:Reimbursement Mechanisms / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014481:United States