title: A neonatal mouse model of coxsackievirus A16 for vaccine evaluation.
abstract: To evaluate vaccine efficacy in protecting against coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), which causes human hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), we established the first neonatal mouse model. In this article, we report data concerning CA16-induced pathological changes, and we demonstrate that anti-CA16 antibody can protect mice against lethal challenge and that the neonatal mouse model could be used to evaluate vaccine efficacy. To establish a mouse model, a BJCA08/CA16 strain (at 260 50% lethal doses [LD(50)]) was isolated from a patient and used to intracerebrally (i.c.) inoculate neonatal mice. The infection resulted in wasting, hind-limb paralysis, and even death. Pathological examination and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining indicated that BJCA08 had a strong tropism to muscle and caused severe necrosis in skeletal and cardiac muscles. We then found that BJCA08 pretreated with goat anti-G10/CA16 serum could significantly lose its lethal effect in neonatal mice. When the anti-G10 serum was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into the neonatal mice and, within 1 h, the same mice were intracerebrally inoculated with BJCA08, there was significant passive immunization protection. In a separate experiment, female mice were immunized with formaldehyde-inactivated G10/CA16 and BJCA08/CA16 and then allowed to mate 1 h after the first immunization. We found that there was significant protection against BJCA08 for neonatal mice born to the immunized dams. These data demonstrated that anti-CA16 antibody may block virus invasion and protect mice against lethal challenge, and that the neonatal mouse model was a viable tool for evaluating vaccine efficacy.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qunying
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Shuhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Panyong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Zhenglun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Junzhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003470:Culture Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000821:virology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination; D014612:Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014709:Vero Cells; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D014612:Vaccines