title: Biosynthesis, natural sources, dietary intake, pharmacokinetic properties, and biological activities of hydroxycinnamic acids.
abstract: Hydroxycinnamic acids are the most widely distributed phenolic acids in plants. Broadly speaking, they can be defined as compounds derived from cinnamic acid. They are present at high concentrations in many food products, including fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. A diet rich in hydroxycinnamic acids is thought to be associated with beneficial health effects such as a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The impact of hydroxycinnamic acids on health depends on their intake and pharmacokinetic properties. This review discusses their chemistry, biosynthesis, natural sources, dietary intake, and pharmacokinetic properties.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. hesham.el-seedi@fkog.uu.se
authors.forename: Hesham R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: El-Seedi
authors.forename: Asmaa M A
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: El-Said
authors.forename: Shaden A M
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khalifa
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Göransson
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bohlin
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Borg-Karlson
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verpoorte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D003373:Coumaric Acids