title: Properties of N-butyl cyanoacrylate-iodized oil mixtures for arterial embolization: in vitro and in vivo experiments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the properties of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and iodized oil (lipiodol [Lip]) in vitro and in vivo for safe and effective embolization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Viscosity, polymerization time, and diffusing capacity were evaluated according to the NBCA/Lip ratio in vitro. Additionally, the effect of the NBCA/Lip ratio on arterial embolization was evaluated in vivo; various ratios of NBCA/Lip were injected into the renal arteries of adult beagles, after which the embolization effect following transcatheter arterial embolization was quantitatively investigated histopathologically and using computed tomography (CT) volumetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The viscosity of NBCA/Lip increased, polymerization time was prolonged, and diffusing capacity increased as the NBCA density decreased. As the NBCA density decreased, embolic material was recognized in smaller diameter arteries, and embolization of a larger vascular bed was accomplished. The NBCA/Lip mixture with a low density of NBCA was located more peripherally from the catheter tip, and embolization of more peripheral and smaller diameter arteries was achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationships of properties of NBCA/Lip in vitro and embolization effects in vivo of various ratios of NBCA/Lip were quantitatively examined and compared. The results of this study are useful for safe and effective embolization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takasawa
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seiji
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuhashi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Shuya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takase
authors.forename: Shoki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004058:Diffusion; D004285:Dogs; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D058105:Polymerization; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004998:Ethiodized Oil; D004659:Enbucrilate