title: [Research and animal experiment of a remote-control locating device under the radiographic guidance for percutaneous nephrolithotomy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce an independently developed remote-control locating device under the radiographic guidance for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and conduct small-scale animal experiment to test its application effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five experimental minipigs were selected. And an animal model of nephrolithotomy was established by implanting stones from outside the body. This locating device for PCNL was used to locate before puncture under the radiographic guidance and then begin puncturing to the target stone following the located angle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four pigs achieved single puncture after localization. During the puncture process, no obvious hemorrhage occurred. The average time from starting locating to finishing puncture was 20.7 min, the average time of locating 15.6 min and the average time of puncture 5.1 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This remote-control type of locating device can improve the accuracy and safety of puncture and minimize the radioactive exposure to operators. Thus it has an excellent perspective of further development and clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guang-nian
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hai-bao
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Ji-chao
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Shu-jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011677:Punctures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011859:Radiography; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature