title: Stage-specific gender differences in cognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations of vascular dementia.
abstract: Studies on gender differences in the clinical manifestations of vascular dementia (VaD) are still lacking. In the present study, gender comparisons of cognitive and neuropsychiatric profiles were conducted separately for mild and moderate-to-severe VaD in a total of 467 patients with VaD. There were no significant gender differences in cognitive manifestations, except that females performed better on immediate verbal recall than males in mild stage. Women were more likely to exhibit delusions (15.5% vs 7.4%), hallucinations (9.5% vs 3.4%), and depression (43.1% vs 27.3%) in mild stage. The predominance of male patients was observed in apathy at moderate-to-severe stage (50.5% vs 34.8%). To conclude, gender differences existed in neuropsychiatric symptoms of VaD and were especially pronounced in mild stage. Delusions, hallucinations, and depression were more prevalent in females in mild VaD, with the male predominance only in apathy in the later stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Cuibai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Changbiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Aihong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liyong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Haiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xiang-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D057565:Apathy; D003702:Delusions / Q000453:epidemiology; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors