title: Quality of life considerations in upper limb transplantation: review and future directions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As reconstructive transplantation emerges as an increasingly viable option for upper limb amputees, a better understanding of quality of life (QOL) outcomes is needed to evaluate the benefits and risks of the procedure from the patient perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  To address this need, we searched PubMed (1998-2011) to characterize QOL outcomes among upper limb transplant recipients. We identified 27 articles reporting on QOL outcomes in hand transplantation. Common instruments to assess domains of QOL in hand transplantation include the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, and the International Registry on Hand and Composite Tissue Transplantation's Hand Transplantation Score System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preliminary reports using standardized measures indicate that most hand transplant recipients described improved QOL. Several studies also qualitatively reported that recipients expressed satisfaction with cosmetic, sensory, functional, and social outcomes after transplantation. However, our review suggests that the measurement of QOL in hand transplantation is limited, although it is largely driven by QOL considerations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review highlights the need for improved measurement of QOL in hand transplantation. The preliminary QOL findings across published hand transplantation articles will aid in improving the future assessment of QOL in hand transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic III.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Social Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 729, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. sally-jensen@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Sally E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Zeeshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bill
authors.forename: Talia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Abecassis
authors.forename: Allen W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cella
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dumanian
mesh_terms: D004185:Disability Evaluation; D063987:Hand Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires