title: Interpreting patient decisional conflict scores: behavior and emotions in decisions about treatment.
abstract: Patient decision aids facilitate treatment decisions. They are often evaluated in terms of their effect on decisional conflict, as measured by the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS). It is unclear to what extent lower DCS scores are accompanied by observable patient behavior or emotions.
  
  
  
  To help interpret DCS scores.
  
  
  
  In a Dutch university hospital, statements on behaviors or emotions during decision making were collected from asymptomatic aneurysm patients and healthy employees. Subsequently, they rated the intensity of decisional conflict that each statement expresses on a 1 to 10 scale. Selected statements were prospectively tested in aneurysm patients and cancer patients facing treatment dilemmas.
  
  
  
  Associations between patients' DCS scores and reported behavior and emotions were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  
  Participants provided 363 statements on behaviors and emotions during decision making, of which 28 were mentioned more than 4 times. Nine forms of behavior and emotions were selected as they were graded with the least variable median ratings of intensity of decisional conflict. Among 100 patients facing a treatment dilemma, each point increase in DCS lowered their odds for "immediately making the decision" (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-0.98), whereas the odds of "fretting regularly" (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08) and "feeling nervous when thinking of the decision" (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06) where higher.
  
  
  
  A decrease in decisional conflict scores leads to less decision postponing behavior, fretting, and nervousness. Research should focus on which DCS scores are needed to make deliberate decisions and which scores hinder patients in decision making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Quality Assurance and Process Innovation (AMK, AG, DTU) Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands|Department of Surgery (AMK, DTU, DAL), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
authors.forename: Anouk M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Knops
authors.affiliation: Department of Quality Assurance and Process Innovation (AMK, AG, DTU) Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.affiliation: Department of Quality Assurance and Process Innovation (AMK, AG, DTU) Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands|Department of Surgery (AMK, DTU, DAL), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
authors.forename: Dirk T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Ubbink
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (AMK, DTU, DAL), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
authors.forename: Dink A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Legemate
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy (LJAS) Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
authors.forename: Lukas J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Stalpers
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (PMMB) Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bossuyt
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003657:Decision Making; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*