title: Effects of free air carbon dioxide enrichment and drought stress on the feed value of maize silage fed to sheep at different thermal regimes.
abstract: Information about the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and drought on the feed value of maize silage and interactions with the thermal environment during feeding is limited. A free air carbon dioxide enrichment facility was operated in a maize field to generate an elevated CO2 concentration of 550 ppm. Drought was induced by the exclusion of precipitation in one half of all experimental plots. Plants were harvested, chopped and ensiled. In a balance experiment on sheep, the nutrient digestibility was determined for three climatic treatments (temperate, temperature humidity index (THI) 57-63; mild heat, THI 68-71; severe heat, THI 75-80). The CO2 concentration and drought did not alter the crude nutrient content of silage dry matter (DM) or nutrient and organic matter (OM) digestibility. Drought increased the concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON, p < 0.001). The drought-associated increase of DON was reduced by CO2 enrichment (p = 0.003). The lowest digestibility of acid detergent fibre (p = 0.024) and neutral detergent fibre (p = 0.005) was observed during the coldest climate. OM digestibility increased during mild heat (p = 0.023). This study did not indicate considerable alterations of the feed value of maize silage due to increased atmospheric CO2 and drought. Enriched CO2 may decrease DON contaminations during drought. The thermal environment during the balance experiment did not interact with feeding maize silage grown under elevated CO2, but may affect cell wall and OM digestibility.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lohölter
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Remy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manderscheid
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erbs
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flachowsky
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dänicke
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D055864:Droughts; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide