title: [Maternal-neonatal vitamin D status and related factors].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between maternal and neonatal vitamin D status and related factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum 25-(OH)D levels were measured by ELISA in 499 pregnant women at 30 - 37 weeks gestation and in cord blood of their infants born at term (37 - 42 wk gestation) in Southeastern China at 28.9°N latitude. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to explore maternal and neonatal vitamin D levels by season. Pearson linear and linear regression of partial correlation was used to analyze the relationship between maternal and neonatal 25-(OH) D levels. The multiple factors related to maternal vitamin D status was assessed by binary logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of serum 25-(OH)D were (33.0 ± 13.4) nmol/L in mothers and (31.0 ± 12.5) nmol/L in their newborns. Serum 25-(OH)D < 50 nmol/L was shown in 88.8% of mothers and 91.2% of their neonates. Both maternal and neonatal 25-(OH)D levels varied with season (Ps = 0.000). Vitamin D level was the lowest in spring, with the 25-(OH)D concentration < 50 nmol/L in 98.6% of mothers and 99.3% of their neonates. The highest vitamin D level was presented in fall, but there were still 64.0% of mothers and 75.0% of neonates with 25-(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. Except for season, calcium-vitamin D supplement and intake of egg ≥ 600 g per week during pregnancy benefited to improve maternal vitamin D level [25-(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L] [OR = 2.3 (95%CI:1.0, 5.3), 3.4 (95%CI:1.2, 9.9) respectively]. There was a positive correlation between maternal and neonatal 25-(OH)D measures in the sample as a whole (r = 0.45, P = 0.000, N = 499), the correlation was of no statistical significance when maternal serum 25-(OH)D was ≤ 25 nmol/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypovitaminosis D was common in late pregnant mothers and their newborns in southeastern China, especially in spring. Vitamin D supplement and intake of vitamin D-rich food were beneficial to improvement of maternal vitamin D level. There was a moderate and positive correlation between maternal and neonatal 25-(OH)D concentrations in this population. The correlation was lost when maternal serum 25-(OH)D ≤ 25 nmol/L.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health Care, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xue-ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Zhi-wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Dong-bo
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Li-qin
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zheng-yan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D013472:Sunlight; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium