title: Serum levels of TWEAK and scavenger receptor CD163 in type 1 diabetes mellitus: relationship with cardiovascular risk factors. a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the usefulness of serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) and soluble scavenger receptor CD163 (sCD163) as markers of subtle inflammation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without clinical cardiovascular (CV) disease and to evaluate their relationship with arterial stiffness (AS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight patients with T1DM and 68 age and sex-matched, healthy subjects were evaluated. Anthropometrical variables and CV risk factors were recorded. Serum concentrations of sTWEAK and sCD163 were measured. AS was assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV). All statistical analyses were stratified by gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T1DM patients showed lower serum concentrations of sTWEAK (Men: 1636.5 (1146.3-3754.8) pg/mL vs. 765.9 (650.4-1097.1) pg/mL; p<0.001. Women: 1401.0 (788.0-2422.2) pg/mL vs. 830.1 (562.6-1175.9) pg/mL; p = 0.011) compared with their respective controls. Additionally, T1DM men had higher serum concentrations of sCD163 (285.0 (247.7-357.1) ng/mL vs. 224.8 (193.3-296.5) ng/mL; p = 0.012) compared with their respective controls. sTWEAK correlated negatively with aPWV in men (r = -0.443; p<0.001). However, this association disappeared after adjusting for potential confounders. In men, the best multiple linear regression model showed that the independent predictors of sTWEAK were T1DM and WHR (R(2) = 0.640; p<0.001). In women, T1DM and SBP were the independent predictors for sTWEAK (R(2) = 0.231; p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sTWEAK is decreased in T1DM patients compared with age and sex-matched healthy subjects after adjusting for classic CV risk factors, although sTWEAK levels may be partially influenced by some of them. Additionally, T1DM men have higher serum concentrations of sCD163. These results point out an association between the inflammatory system and CV risk in T1DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain. gllauradoc@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Llauradó
authors.forename: José-Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: González-Clemente
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maymó-Masip
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Subías
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.forename: Matilde R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chacón
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000097:blood*; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000097:blood*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D015415:Biomarkers; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C109743:TNFSF12 protein, human; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors