title: Opportunistic filamentous mycoses: aspergillosis, mucormycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis.
abstract: Opportunistic filamentous mycoses are widely distributed all over the world. They are rarely observed in Europe but are common in developing countries. The most common are the aspergilloses (due to Aspergillus spp.) mostly in neutropenia and immunosuppression; the mucormycoses characterized by rapid progression in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis; the phaeohyphomycoses due to pigmented fungi causing either a mild superficial or a very serious deep disease and the hyalohyphomycoses due to hyaline filamentous fungi (Fusarium spp., Pseudallescheria spp., Scopulariopsis spp.). Cutaneous manifestations are usually secondary to dissemination from pulmonary or visceral disease; primary cases are less frequent and due to direct inoculation into the skin. We review epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic data on the four most important opportunistic filamentous mycoses: aspergillosis, mucormycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Germany             Departamento de Micología, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General de México, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Perusquía-Ortiz
authors.forename: Denisse
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vázquez-González
authors.forename: Alexandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonifaz
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents