title: [The use of low-caloric diet with modified fatty acids pool in the therapy of the metabolic syndrome].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abdominal obesity is the main component of the metabolic syndrome. Hyperplasia of visceral adipose tissue leads to numerous metabolic disorders: hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance. This clustering of the most hazardous risk factors is directly linked to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of presented trial was to evaluate the use of low-caloric diet (1200-1500 kcal/day) with modified fatty acids pool in dietetic therapy of the metabolic syndrome and additionally to estimate the total risk of various cardiovascular disease outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  23 obese patients aged 22-65 years: 14 men (44.0 +/- 10.9 years) and 9 women (49.7 +/- 11.3 years) with metabolic syndrome (according to NCEP ATPIII) were randomly divided into 2 groups: examined (II) and control (I) with PUFA n-3/n-6 ratio 1:5 and 1:10 respectively. There were no difference in diet composition between groups. Dietary fiber intake was over 29 g/day and both diets provide 28% of total energy from fats, 53% from carbohydrates and 18% from proteins, with < 200 mg cholesterol/day. Anthropometric (body mass, waist and hip circumference) and biochemical (plasma concentration of: glucose, triglicerydes, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol) indicators, body composition and the value of blood pressure were controlled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 weeks trial there was significant decrease in measured parameters noted: body mass (8.2 +/- 1.6 kg; p < 0.001), waist circumference (13.4 +/- 2.4 cm; p < 0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure: 11.5 +/- 2.2 mmHg and 7.1 +/- 09 mmHg; (p = 0.0003 i p = 0.0008) respectively. The reduction in total risk of developing coronary heart disease measured by Framingham risk score and SCORE algorithm was observed. There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of both groups: PUFA n-3/n-6 1:5 and 1:10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  . These results suggest that the individually matched low-caloric diet with decreased saturated fats intake, increased intake of PUFA n-3 and dietary fibers are crucial in metabolic syndrome therapy and efficiently decrease total cardiovascular risk in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Wydział Nauk o Zywieniu Człowieka i Konsumpcji, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. ewelina.palkowska@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pałkowska
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bartnikowska
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Owsiak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004435:Eating; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated