title: Open-cell recording of action potentials using active electrode arrays.
abstract: The investigation of complex communication in cellular networks requires superior measurement tools than those available to date. Electrode arrays integrated onto silicon electronics are increasingly used to measure the electrical activity of cells in an automated and highly parallelized fashion, but they are restricted to recording extracellular potentials. Here, we report on an array of TiN electrodes built using standard silicon electronics for intracellular action potential recording. Intracellular access, possible at each of the 16 384 electrodes on the chip, was accomplished by local membrane electroporation using electrical stimulation with subcellular, micrometer-sized electrodes. Access to the cell interior was transient and could be tuned in duration by adapting the electroporation protocol. Intracellular sensing was found to be minimally invasive in the short and long-term, allowing consecutive intracellular recordings from the same cell over the course of days. Finally, we applied this method to investigate the effect of an ion channel blocker on cardiac electrical activity. This technique opens the door to massively parallel, long-term intracellular recording for fundamental electrophysiology and drug screening.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Nano Electronics, Imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven, 3001, Belgium. dries.braeken@imec.be
authors.forename: Dries
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Braeken
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jans
authors.forename: Roeland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huys
authors.forename: Andim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stassen
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Collaert
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eberle
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peumans
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Callewaert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D002460:Cell Line; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D051379:Mice; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017971:Tin Compounds