title: Biofunctionalization of a titanium surface with a nano-sawtooth structure regulates the behavior of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The topography of an implant surface can serve as a powerful signaling cue for attached cells and can enhance the quality of osseointegration. A series of improved implant surfaces functionalized with nanoscale structures have been fabricated using various methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, using an H(2)O(2) process, we fabricated two size-controllable sawtooth-like nanostructures with different dimensions on a titanium surface. The effects of the two nano-sawtooth structures on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were evaluated without the addition of osteoinductive chemical factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These new surface modifications did not adversely affect cell viability, and rat BMMSCs demonstrated a greater increase in proliferation ability on the surfaces of the nano-sawtooth structures than on a control plate. Furthermore, upregulated expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins indicated that the nano-sawtooth structures promote osteoblastic differentiation of rat BMMSCs. Importantly, the large nano-sawtooth structure resulted in the greatest cell responses, including increased adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhanced adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation abilities of rat BMMSCs on the nano-sawtooth structures suggest the potential to induce improvements in bone-titanium integration in vivo. Our study reveals the key role played by the nano-sawtooth structures on a titanium surface for the fate of rat BMMSCs and provides insights into the study of stem cell-nanostructure relationships and the related design of improved biomedical implant surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dongxia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lianyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xiuli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xuanyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xinquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; D014025:Titanium