title: Extraction of volatile oil from aromatic plants with supercritical carbon dioxide: experiments and modeling.
abstract: An overview of the studies carried out in our laboratories on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of volatile oils from seven aromatic plants: pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), savory (Satureja fruticosa Béguinot), winter savory (Satureja montana L.), cotton lavender (Santolina chamaecyparisus) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), is presented. A flow apparatus with a 1 L extractor and two 0.27 L separators was built to perform studies at temperatures ranging from 298 to 353 K and pressures up to 30.0 MPa. The best compromise between yield and composition compared with hydrodistillation (HD) was achieved selecting the optimum experimental conditions of extraction and fractionation. The major differences between HD and SFE oils is the presence of a small percentage of cuticular waxes and the relative amount of thymoquinone, an oxygenated monoterpene with important biological properties, which is present in the oils from thyme and winter savory. On the other hand, the modeling of our data on supercritical extraction of volatile oil from pennyroyal is discussed using Sovová's models. These models have been applied successfully to the other volatile oil extractions. Furthermore, other experimental studies involving supercritical CO(2) carried out in our laboratories are also mentioned.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação de Engenharia Química e Biotecnologia, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, Lisboa 1959-007, Portugal. jcoelho@deq.isel.ipl.pt
authors.forename: Jose P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Ana F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cristino
authors.forename: Patrícia G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: Amélia P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rauter
authors.forename: Beatriz P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Nobre
authors.forename: Rui L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: João G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mainar
authors.forename: Jose S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Urieta
authors.forename: João M N A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fareleira
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sovová
authors.forename: António F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Palavra
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D028526:Coriandrum / Q000737:chemistry; D030001:Foeniculum / Q000737:chemistry; D031336:Hedeoma / Q000737:chemistry; D027523:Lavandula / Q000737:chemistry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D031362:Satureja / Q000737:chemistry; D046930:Thymus Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D002245:Carbon Dioxide