title: Bicyclist fatalities involving heavy goods vehicles: gender differences in risk perception, behavioral choices, and training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Females are typically involved in fewer collisions when pedal cycling than males. However, female cyclists appear to be overrepresented in the number of fatal collisions involving heavy goods vehicles (HGVs). These collisions often involve cyclists passing HGVs on the side furthest from the HGV driver (nearside). It is hypothesized that this pattern of fatalities may be partly due to differences in how males and females perceive the risk associated with various cycling maneuvers. It is also hypothesized that this difference may be overcome with advanced training.
  
  
  METHODS
  4,596 UK cyclists completed an online questionnaire in which they reported their level of cycle training and rated the risk they perceived to be associated with various cycling maneuvers, the likelihood that they would engage in them, and history of collision involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females perceived a slightly greater level of risk to be associated with cycling. However, males differentiated between the risks involved in nearside and offside overtaking to a greater extent than females. Risk perception was significantly correlated with the reported likelihood that participants would engage in risky maneuvers such as overtaking on the nearside and also with past collision prevalence. Advanced cycling training was correlated with higher levels of perceived risk associated with overtaking on the nearside; however, basic cycle training was not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclists who do not correctly differentiate between the risks associated with nearside and offside overtaking may be more at risk of being involved in HGV-related collisions. Advanced cycling training is linked to more accurate risk perception. To reduce fatalities, public awareness campaigns should focus on the increased risk of nearside overtaking and encourage cyclists to take advanced training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, London, UK. fringsd@lsbu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frings
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ridley
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000193:education / Q000293:injuries*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom