title: Cytotoxic and genotoxic characterization of titanium dioxide, gadolinium oxide, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in human fibroblasts.
abstract: Engineered nanomaterials have become prevalent in our everyday life. While the popularity of using nanomaterials in consumer products continues to rise, increasing awareness of nanotoxicology has also fuelled efforts to accelerate our understanding of the ill effects that different nanomaterials can bring to biological systems. In this study, we investigated the potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three nanoparticles: titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), terbium-doped gadolinium oxide (Tb-Gd(2)O(3)), and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). To evaluate nanoparticle-induced genotoxicity more realistically, a human skin fibroblast cell line (BJ) with less mutated genotype compared with cancer cell line was used. The nanoparticles were first characterized by size, morphology, and surface charge. Cytotoxicity effects of the nanoparticles were then evaluated by monitoring the proliferation of treated BJ cells. Genotoxic influence was ascertained by profiling DNA damage via detection of γH2AX expression. Our results suggested that both TiO(2) and Tb-Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity in a dose dependent way on BJ cells. These two nanomaterials also promoted genotoxicity via DNA damage. On the contrary, PLGA nanoparticles did not induce significant cytotoxic or genotoxic effects on BJ cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Magdiel Inggrid
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Setyawati
authors.forename: Pheng Kian Stella
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Bao Hui
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Sijing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Xinxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Gautom Kumar
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Timothy Thatt-Yang
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Joachim Say Chye
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: David Tai
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Kee Woei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006657:Histones / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011098:Polyglactin 910 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; C009495:titanium dioxide; D011098:Polyglactin 910; C030581:gadolinium oxide; D005682:Gadolinium; D014025:Titanium