title: Temperature can influence gastric accommodation and sensitivity in functional dyspepsia with epigastric pain syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional dyspepsia-epigastric pain syndrome (FD-EPS) is characterized pathophysiologically by visceral hypersensitivity, but the effect of the temperature stimulation on gastric function has been seldom studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of liquid nutrients at different temperatures on the gastric accommodation, sensitivity, and gastric-wall compliance of healthy subjects (HS) and FD-EPS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten FD-EPS patients (Roma III criteria) and ten HS were recruited into the study. Intragastric pressure (IGP) and gastric perfusion were measured and compared following the administration of liquid nutrients at 37 °C on day 1 and at 8 °C on day 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients developed abdominal discomfort or abdominal pain after being given cold liquid nutrient. The administration of liquid nutrient at 8 °C resulted in an increase of IGP in HS (P=0.044), a significant decrease in gastric perfusion (P<0.0001), a marked increase in IGP (P=0.015), and a dramatic reduction in gastric wall compliance (P=0.012) in patients compared to the effects of liquid nutrient at 37 °C. In addition, IGP in patients was lower than that in HS at 37 °C liquid nutrient (P=0.036), and the gastric perfusion volume in patients at maximal satiety was also significantly reduced at 8 °C liquid nutrient compared with HS (P=0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cold stimulation can increase the IGP in HS and FD-EPS patients, elevate the visceral sensitivity and reduce the gastric volume of FD-EPS patients. FD-EPS patients who are sensitive to cold may develop epigastric discomfort or pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Feng
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mei-Yun
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Xiu-Cai
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003187:Compliance; D004326:Drinking; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D013270:Stomach / Q000503:physiopathology*