title: Low BRMS1 expression promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis in vitro and in vivo and is associated with poor patient survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is a metastasis suppressor gene. This study aimed to investigate the impact of BRMS1 on metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to evaluate the prognostic significance of BRMS1 in NPC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  BRMS1 expression was examined in NPC cell lines using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. NPC cells stably expressing BRMS1 were used to perform wound healing and invasion assays in vitro and a murine xenograft assay in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 274 paraffin-embedded NPC specimens divided into a training set (n = 120) and a testing set (n = 154).
  
  
  RESULTS
  BRMS1 expression was down-regulated in NPC cell lines. Overexpression of BRMS1 significantly reversed the metastatic phenotype of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, low BRMS1 expression was associated with poor distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS, P < 0.001) and poor overall survival (OS, P < 0.001) in the training set; these results were validated in the testing set and overall patient population. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that low BRMS1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for DMFS and OS in NPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low expression of the metastasis suppressor BRMS1 may be an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis in NPC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui-Xue
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qing-Mei
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wen-Fei
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bi-Jun
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ling-Long
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jing-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hui-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: C410024:BRMS1 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins