title: Haematuria and the retro-aortic left renal vein.
abstract: The authors present the case of a 10-year-old boy with a 2-year history of intermittent macroscopic haematuria. After exclusion of other causes of haematuria through history, examination and a number of investigations, MRI revealed the finding of a retro-aortic left renal vein, which appeared to be compressed between the aorta and the L3 vertebral body. The retro-aortic left renal vein or 'posterior nutcracker syndrome" is a rare but important cause of haematuria and other manifestations of left renal vein hypertension. A discussion about the implications of this finding in children with symptoms consistent with left renal vein hypertension, and the potential options for management is undertaken.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Toritseju Oluwafunmilayo
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Sillo
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Ian E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Willetts
mesh_terms: D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000175:diagnosis; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D059228:Renal Nutcracker Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography