title: Epidemiology of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance patterns and trends in tuberculosis referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drug-resistant TB has emerged as a major challenge facing TB prevention and control efforts. In Ethiopia, the extent/trend of drug resistance TB is not well known. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and trend of resistance to first line anti-TB drugs among culture positive retreatment cases at St.Peter's TB Specialized Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A hospital based retrospective study was used to assess the pattern of anti-TB drug resistance among previously treated TB patients referred to St.Peter's TB Specialized Hospital from January 2004-December 2008 Gregorian calendar(GC) for better diagnosis and treatment. Among 376 culture positive for M. tuberculosis one hundred and two (27.1%) were susceptible to all of the four first line anti-TB drugs -Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF), Ethambutol (ETB) & Streptomycin (STM). While 274 (72.9%) were resistant to at least one drug. Any resistance to STM (67.3%) was found to be the most common and the prevalence of MDR-TB was 174 (46.3%). Trend in resistance rate among re-treatment cases from 2004 to 2008 showed a significant increase for any drug as well as for INH, RIF, and MDR resistance (P <0.05 for trend).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There has been an increasing trend in drug resistance in recent years, particularly in retreatment cases. Therefore, establishing advanced diagnostic facilities for early detection of MDR-TB and expanding second line treatment center to treat MDR-TB patients and to prevent its transmission is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Addis Ababa University, College of Health Science, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Dereje
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abate
authors.forename: Bineyam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taye
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abseno
authors.forename: Sibhatu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biadgilign
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006782:Hospitals, Special; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents