title: Sodium intake, salt taste and gastric cancer risk according to Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, histological type and tumor site in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The risk factors mostly strongly associated with gastric cancer are gastric bacteria Helicobacter pylori and diet. Using a case-control study among residents in Jinan, we examined the association between the salt taste and gastric cancer according to H. pylori infection, smoking and histological type as well as tumor site.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based case-control study included 207 cases and 410 controls. Data on potential risk factors of gastric cancer were obtained by interview of cases and controls with a questionnaire, salt taste preference was measured for all subjects, and IgG antibodies to H. pylori were applied to assess infection. Risk measures were determined using unconditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportions of salt taste at intervals of 1.8-7.2 g/L and ≥ 7.2 g/L were significantly higher in cases than controls, with ORs of 1.56 (1.23-3.64) and 2.03 (2.12- 4.11), respectively, subjects with high salt intake having an elevated risk for gastric cancer when infected with H. pylori. Significant modification by smoking and tumor site was observed across the different measures of salt intake, the highest salt taste showed higher cancer risk in ever smokers or with non-cardia cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study supports the view that high intake of sodium is an important dietary risk factor for gastric cancer, with a synergistic effect found between salt and H.pylori and smoking, dependent on the tumor site.
authors.affiliation: Department of oncology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Kai-Nan
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing-Wang
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Bao-Cheng
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D012982:Sodium, Dietary