title: Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis.
abstract: The roots of Sanguisorba officinalis are used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diseases such as inflammation and internal haemorrhage. Several scientific investigations involving extraction and pharmacological studies of terpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides from this herb have been carried out. However, little is known regarding the immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from S. officinalis. Hence the polysaccharides from this herb have been investigated here. The hot water extract of S. officinalis has been fractionated using size-exclusion chromatography to obtain four polysaccharide fractions designated as SOP-1, SOP-2, SOP-3 and SOP-4. The range of molecular masses of these fractions were from 280 Da to 2000 kDa, and their sugar compositions consisted mainly of fructose, glucose, xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose. The antioxidant activities of the crude polysaccharide fractions were evaluated in a biological assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whereas the radical scavenging activity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Analysis of the immunomodulatory activities of these polysaccharide fractions were measured by using mouse macrophages. Most of the polysaccharide fractions have stimulated the production of nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and also displayed antioxidant activities. These results suggest that the roots of S. officinalis are likely to have therapeutic value for the treatment of cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sundar Rao
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Koyyalamudi
authors.forename: Sang Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Narsimha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ananthan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Longvah
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D031993:Sanguisorba / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009005:Monosaccharides; D010851:Picrates; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl