title: Experimental in situ transformation of Pb smelter fly ash in acidic soils.
abstract: Soils in the vicinity of nonferrous metal smelters are often highly polluted by inorganic contaminants released from particulate emissions. We used a technique with double polyamide experimental bags (1-μm mesh) to study the in situ transformation of fly ash (FA) from a secondary Pb smelter in acidic soil profiles. Between 62 and 66% of the FA dissolved after one year's exposure in the soils, leading to complete dissolution of primary caracolite (Na(3)Pb(2)(SO(4))(3)Cl) and KPb(2)Cl(5), with formation of secondary anglesite (PbSO(4)), minor PbSO(3), and trace carbonates. Release of Pb was pH-dependent, whereas not for Cd and Zn. Significant amounts of metals (mainly Cd and Zn) partitioned into labile soil fractions. The field data agreed with laboratory pH-static leaching tests performed on FA, which was washed before the experiment to remove soluble salts. This indicates that appropriate laboratory leaching can accurately predict FA behavior in real-life scenarios (e.g., exposure in soil).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic. ettler@natur.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Vojtěch
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ettler
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mihaljevič
authors.forename: Ondřej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sebek
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matys Grygar
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klementová
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry; D008669:Metallurgy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014197:Trees; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D015032:Zinc