title: Cities, environmental stressors, ageing and chronic disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study attempts to identify any association between length of exposure to urban environmental risk and non-infectious chronic disease in a group of Australian residents who lived in the same location for at least 20 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Australian survey data, we selected 1256 participants who were 45 years and older and had lived in the same location for at least 20 years. We used logistic regression and survival analysis to identify factors associated with the presence of non-infectious chronic disease at baseline and after 7 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show that increasing age, living in an urban area and living in an area with a lower socioeconomic status increase the odds of having a long-term health condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides empirical evidence that older long-term Australian urban residents are more likely to have a non-infectious chronic disease, which may be associated with environmental exposure, than those living in rural locations.
authors.affiliation: Ageing, Work and Health Unit, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. deborah.black@sydney.edu.au
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Loughlin
authors.forename: Hal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kendig
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002947:Cities; D003625:Data Collection; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants