title: Detection of differential levels of proteins in the urine of patients with endometrial cancer: analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and o-glycan binding lectin.
abstract: Cancers can cause some proteins to be aberrantly excreted or released in the urine, which can be used as biomarkers. To screen for potential biomarkers for endometrial cancer (ECa), the urinary proteins from patients who were newly diagnosed with early stage ECa and untreated controls were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and followed by image analysis. The altered levels of zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and CD59 were detected in the patients compared to the controls. In addition, the urine of the ECa patients was also found to contain relatively lower levels of a fragment of nebulin when the 2-DE separated urinary proteins were probed using champedak galactose binding (CGB) lectin. The different levels of the nebulin fragment were further validated by subjecting the urinary protein samples to CGB lectin affinity chromatography and analysis of the bound fractions by LC-MS/MS. Our data is suggestive of the potential use of the differentially expressed urinary proteins as biomarkers for ECa although this requires further extensive validation on clinically representative populations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Alan Kang-Wai
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Boon-Kiong
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.|University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Onn Haji
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.|University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Adawiyah Suriza
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shuib
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000652:urine*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000652:urine; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037102:Lectins; D020543:Proteome