title: Aerobic exercise training delays cardiac dysfunction and improves autonomic control of circulation in diabetic rats undergoing myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exercise training (ET) has been used as a nonpharmacological strategy for treatment of diabetes and myocardial infarction (MI) separately. We evaluated the effects ET on functional and molecular left ventricular (LV) parameters as well as on autonomic function and mortality in diabetics after MI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male Wistar rats were divided into control (C), sedentary-diabetic infarcted (SDI), and trained-diabetic infarcted (TDI) groups. MI was induced after 15 days of streptozotocin-diabetes induction. Seven days after MI, the trained group underwent ET protocol (90 days, 50-70% maximal oxygen consumption-VO(2)max). LV function was evaluated noninvasively and invasively; baroreflex sensitivity, pulse interval variability, cardiac output, tissue blood flows, VEGF mRNA and protein, HIF1-α mRNA, and Ca(2+) handling proteins were measured. MI area was reduced in TDI (21 ± 4%) compared with SDI (38 ± 4%). ET induced improvement in cardiac function, hemodynamics, and tissue blood flows. These changes were probable consequences of a better expression of Ca(2+) handling proteins, increased VEGF mRNA and protein expression as well as improvement in autonomic function, that resulted in reduction of mortality in TDI (33%) compared with SDI (68%) animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ET reduced cardiac and peripheral dysfunction and preserved autonomic control in diabetic infarcted rats. Consequently, these changes resulted in improved VO(2)max and survival after MI.
authors.affiliation: Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. bruno.rodrigues@incor.usp.br
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: Cristiano T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Mostarda
authors.forename: Kaleizu T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malfitano
authors.forename: Alcione L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Katia Aparecida da Silva
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Viegas
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacchini
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.forename: Kátia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.forename: Maria Cláudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Irigoyen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002302:Cardiac Output; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D002118:Calcium