title: Intrathecal chlorprothixene, cis(z)-flupenthixol, chlorpromazine and fluphenazine for prolonged spinal blockades of sensory and motor functions in rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine whether thioxanthine-type antipsychotics (chlorprothixene and cis(z)-flupenthixol) and phenothiazine-type antipsychotics (chlorpromazine and fluphenazine) produced spinal anesthesia. Using a rat model of intrathecal injection, we evaluated spinal anesthesia of antipsychotic drugs (chlorprothixene, cis(z)-flupenthixol, chlorpromazine, and fluphenazine) and bupivacaine, a known local anesthetic. At a same dose of 2.31 μmol/kg, chlorprothixene had the most potent spinal blockades (P<0.001) and the longest duration of action (P<0.001) of motor function and nociception among those antipsychotic drugs. On the 50% effective dose (ED(50)) basis, the ranks of potencies were chlorprothixene=bupivacaine>cis(z)-flupenthixol>chlorpromazine>fluphenazine (P<0.01 for the differences) in dose-response studies. At an equianesthetic basis (ED(25), ED(50), and ED(75)), the spinal block duration caused by chlorprothixene, cis(z)-flupenthixol, chlorpromazine or fluphenazine was longer than that caused by bupivacaine (P<0.05). These results showed that chlorprothixene produced a similar potency and longer duration of spinal anesthesia than did bupivacaine, whereas several other antipsychotics produced less potency than did bupivacaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. cywhwok@mail.cmu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Yu-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chin-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Yu-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuk-Man
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Jhi-Joung
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002749:Chlorprothixene / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005475:Flupenthixol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005476:Fluphenazine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D002749:Chlorprothixene; D005475:Flupenthixol; D005476:Fluphenazine; D002746:Chlorpromazine