title: Treatment options for anal intraepithelial neoplasia and evidence for their effectiveness.
abstract: There is a growing range of treatment options for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). In HIV-positive patients, sustained treatment is often required to achieve clearance. The treatments considered are topically applied fluorouracil, imiquimod, cidofovir and trichloroacetic acid, the potential treatments of topical lopinavir and photodynamic therapy with aminolevulenic acid, and the surgical methods of electrosurgery, infrared coagulation and laser. Destructive treatment methods, possibly including TCA, are more effective than self applied topical treatments. Combining or alternating different treatments should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000077404:Cidofovir; D015897:Comorbidity; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D000077271:Imiquimod; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid; D003596:Cytosine; D000077404:Cidofovir; D000077271:Imiquimod; D005472:Fluorouracil