title: A rodent "self-report" measure of methamphetamine craving? Rat ultrasonic vocalizations during methamphetamine self-administration, extinction, and reinstatement.
abstract: Rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in a variety of contexts, and it is increasingly clear that USVs reflect more complex information than mere positive and negative affect states. We sought to examine USVs in a common model of addiction and relapse, the self-administration/reinstatement paradigm, in order to gain insight into subjective states experienced by rats during various types of methamphetamine seeking. We measured three subtypes of "50kHz" USVs [flats, trills, and non-trill frequency modulated (FM) USVs], as well as long and short duration "22kHz" USVs, during self-administration and extinction training, and during reinstatement elicited by cues, a methamphetamine prime, cues+prime, or the pharmacological stressor yohimbine. During self-administration and extinction, rats emitted many flats and FMs, (and short duration "22kHz" USVs on day 1 of self-administration), but few trills. In contrast, methamphetamine priming injections potently enhanced FMs and trills, and trill production was correlated with the degree of methamphetamine+cue-elicited reinstatement. Cues alone yielded increases only in flat USVs during reinstatement, though a subset of rats displaying strong cue-induced reinstatement also emitted long duration, aversion-related "22kHz" USVs. Although yohimbine administration caused reinstatement, it did not induce "22kHz" USVs in methamphetamine-experienced or methamphetamine-naïve rats (unlike footshock stress, which did induce long duration "22kHz" USVs). These findings demonstrate heterogeneity of rat USVs emitted during different types of methamphetamine seeking, and highlight their potential usefulness for gaining insight into the subjective states of rats in rodent models of drug addiction and relapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States. Electronic address: mahler@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mahler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Moorman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Feltenstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
authors.forename: Brittney M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
authors.forename: Katelyn B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Ogburn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bachar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
authors.forename: Justin T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: McGonigal
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ghee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: See
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D003463:Cues; D004597:Electroshock; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012008:Recurrence; D012646:Self Administration; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D015016:Yohimbine; D008694:Methamphetamine