title: Investigation of the chemopreventive potential of neem leaf subfractions in the hamster buccal pouch model and phytochemical characterization.
abstract: Chemoprevention by medicinal plants has evolved as a practical strategy to control the incidence of cancer. Azadirachta indica (neem) containing various bioactive components is a promising candidate for chemoprevention. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of the bioactive subfractions ethyl acetate chloroform insoluble fraction (ECIF) and the methanol ethyl acetate insoluble fraction (MEIF) following activity-guided fractionation of neem leaf extract. Analysis of the mechanism of chemoprevention revealed multitargeted mode of action that involved modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of mitochondrial apoptosis, and abrogation of NF-κB signaling. HP-TLC, GC-MS and LC-MS analyses indicated the presence of several polar phytochemical entities in the neem leaf subfractions that might be responsible for their potent chemopreventive efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002 Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Palrasu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manikandan
authors.forename: Senthil Murugan
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
authors.forename: Govindarajah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vinothini
authors.forename: Vidya Priyadarsini
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Ramamurthi
authors.forename: Inder Pal
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Rangasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anandan
authors.forename: Mannathusamy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
authors.forename: Siddavaram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D031601:Azadirachta / Q000737:chemistry*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D018890:Chemoprevention; D006224:Cricetinae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004798:Enzymes; D010936:Plant Extracts