title: Metallofullerol nanoparticles with low toxicity inhibit tumor growth by induction of G0/G1 arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) is a new type of nanoparticle with potent antineoplastic activity and low toxicity compared with traditional drugs. In this study, we explored, for the first time, the effect of [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) on the cell cycle using human breast cancer MCF-7 and human umbilical vein endothelial ECV304 cell lines by flow cytometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was assessed through CCK-8 assay, and MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice were examined after 2 weeks of treatment with [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n). Cell cycle-related gene expression was detected by microarray and confirmed by real-time PCR and RNAi.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell viability studies confirmed that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) inhibits breast cancer effectively with very low toxicity. Flow cytometric data and microarray results reveal that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) mediates G0/G1 arrest in both cell lines by regulating the expression of several genes, such as cyclin D2, cyclin E and CDK4, among others, in the related cell cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results further demonstrated that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) could inhibit tumor growth by inducing tumor cell and vein endothelial cell G0/G1 arrest, which may explain the low toxicity of [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n).
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Weipeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yingze
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xueyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Baoyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xingjie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D037741:Fullerenes