title: Comparative mapping in the Fagaceae and beyond with EST-SSRs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic markers and linkage mapping are basic prerequisites for comparative genetic analyses, QTL detection and map-based cloning. A large number of mapping populations have been developed for oak, but few gene-based markers are available for constructing integrated genetic linkage maps and comparing gene order and QTL location across related species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed a set of 573 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) and located 397 markers (EST-SSRs and genomic SSRs) on the 12 oak chromosomes (2n = 2x = 24) on the basis of Mendelian segregation patterns in 5 full-sib mapping pedigrees of two species: Quercus robur (pedunculate oak) and Quercus petraea (sessile oak). Consensus maps for the two species were constructed and aligned. They showed a high degree of macrosynteny between these two sympatric European oaks. We assessed the transferability of EST-SSRs to other Fagaceae genera and a subset of these markers was mapped in Castanea sativa, the European chestnut. Reasonably high levels of macrosynteny were observed between oak and chestnut. We also obtained diversity statistics for a subset of EST-SSRs, to support further population genetic analyses with gene-based markers. Finally, based on the orthologous relationships between the oak, Arabidopsis, grape, poplar, Medicago, and soybean genomes and the paralogous relationships between the 12 oak chromosomes, we propose an evolutionary scenario of the 12 oak chromosomes from the eudicot ancestral karyotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides map locations for a large set of EST-SSRs in two oak species of recognized biological importance in natural ecosystems. This first step toward the construction of a gene-based linkage map will facilitate the assignment of future genome scaffolds to pseudo-chromosomes. This study also provides an indication of the potential utility of new gene-based markers for population genetics and comparative mapping within and beyond the Fagaceae.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, Cestas F-33610, France. bodenes@pierroton.inra.fr
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bodénès
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chancerel
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gailing
authors.forename: Giovanni G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Vendramin
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bagnoli
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Pablo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Goicoechea
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soliani
authors.forename: Fiorella
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Villani
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mattioni
authors.forename: Hans Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Koelewijn
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murat
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salse
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boury
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alberto
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plomion
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D023061:Gene Order; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D014644:Genetic Variation; D059646:Genome Size; D018745:Genome, Plant; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D059785:Karyotype; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D029963:Quercus / Q000235:genetics*; D061350:Sympatry; D026801:Synteny