title: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in stem cells of human periodontal ligament (PDL-MSCs) before and after osteogenic induction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to evaluate both the level of endogenous cyclic nucleotides cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cAMP) and phosphodiesterase activity in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) before and during the osteogenic induction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were organized into control (nondifferentiated) and test groups which were analyzed at 3 different time points: 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Periodontal ligament MSCs were isolated and then expanded in an MSCM medium while cyclic nucleotide levels and phosphodiesterase activity were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cAMP and cGMP levels were markedly higher in the first week than in the following stages. Similarly, PDE activity increased during the first week and reached the peak in the second week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work validates that cAMP, cGMP, and PDE activities are important factors in the first phase of the osteogenic induction of a human stem cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: d'Alessandro
authors.forename: Morena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrini
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Marco
authors.forename: Oriana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Trubiani
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D006152:Cyclic GMP