title: Utility of RhoC and ZAG protein expression as biomarkers for prediction of PSA failure following radical prostatectomy for high grade prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prognostic utility of semi-quantiative expression of RhoC protein in whole prostates from patients who had radical prostatectomies for high grade prostate cancer (PCa).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects who had surgery >55 months previously with primary Gleason pattern 4 PCa were identified from practice records, archival tissues were retrieved for review and RhoC immunohistochemistry, and ZAG expression was also assessed as a control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine subjects were included in the study; 57 had a rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) post-operatively ('cases') and 32 did not ('controls'). By univariate analysis, expression of both RhoC and ZAG proteins was greater in controls than cases, but this was significant only for ZAG. By multivariate analysis, Gleason variables (patterns and score), extraprostatic extension and decreased RhoC staining all contributed to predicting PSA failure (p < 0.05). ZAG expression was inversely correlated with Gleason pattern and hence was not independently predictive in our multivariate model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased RhoC expression predicted a good outcome after radical prostatectomy. ZAG staining also correlated with a favourable outcome but was not independently predictive due to its relationship with Gleason pattern.
authors.affiliation: Monash University Alfred Campus, Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. john.mills@monash.edu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Justin C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sherwin
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frydenberg
authors.forename: Justin S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harewood
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Redgrave
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: van Golen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D054392:Adipokines; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075024:rhoC GTP-Binding Protein; D000090203:Zn-Alpha-2-Glycoprotein
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D000075024:rhoC GTP-Binding Protein; C488891:AZGP1 protein, human; D000090203:Zn-Alpha-2-Glycoprotein; C066690:RHOC protein, human