title: Exploratory trial to determine the efficacy of the PYthon and the PYthon Magnum slow-release insecticide ear tags for the control of midges (Culicoides spp.), attacking sheep and cattle and flies attacking cattle.
abstract: This study investigated the prophylactic action of the chemical combination zeta-cypermethrin and piperonyl butoxide, administered by means of slow-release insecticide-impregnated ear tags, against biting midges (Culicoides spp) attacking sheep and against midges, horn flies (Haematobia irritant), stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans), and houseflies (Musca domestica) attacking cattle. Treated sheep and cattle were protected 100 percent against blood-feeding midges for two months and there was a clear reduction in the number of midges collected from treated animals. Three days after the ear tags were attached to cattle, the number of horn flies on the cattle was reduced to practically zero and remained at a low level until the end of the trial (day 85). There was also a strong reduction in the numbers of stable flies and houseflies counted.
authors.affiliation: scaepsbos@hotmail.com
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goosen
authors.forename: P J T
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001819:Bluetongue / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D004175:Diptera / Q000187:drug effects; D004423:Ear; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D006793:Houseflies / Q000187:drug effects; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009117:Muscidae / Q000187:drug effects; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide