title: Effectiveness of low-frequency rTMS and intensive speech therapy in poststroke patients with aphasia: a pilot study based on evaluation by fMRI in relation to type of aphasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and clinical efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) combined with intensive speech therapy (ST) in poststroke patients with aphasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with left-hemispheric stroke and aphasia were subjected. During 11-day hospitalization, each patient received 10 treatment sessions consisting of 40-min 1-Hz LF-rTMS and 60-min intensive ST, excluding Sundays. The scalp area for stimulation was selected based on the findings of fMRI with language tasks and the type of aphasia. LF-rTMS was applied to the inferior frontal gyrus (IGF) for patients with nonfluent aphasia and to the superior temporal gyrus (STG) for patients with fluent aphasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On pretreatment fMRI, the most activated areas were in the left hemisphere (n=16) and right hemisphere (n=8). The types of aphasia were nonfluent (n=14) and fluent (n=10). The LF-rTMS was applied to the right STG (n=5), left STG (n=5), right IFG (n=11) and left IFG (n=3). Nonfluent aphasic patients showed significant improvement of auditory comprehension, reading comprehension and repetition. Fluent aphasic patients showed significant improvement in spontaneous speech only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fMRI with aphasic type-based therapeutic LF-rTMS/intensive ST for chronic aphasia seems feasible and a potentially useful neurorehabilitative protocol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. abo@jikei.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abo
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kakuda
authors.forename: Motoi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morooka
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001037:Aphasia / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*