title: Defense responses of soybean roots during exposure to cadmium, excess of nitrogen supply and combinations of these stressors.
abstract: Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem in agricultural soils since the uptake of heavy metals by plants represents an entry point into the food chain and is influenced by the form and amount of nitrogen (N) fertilization. Here we studied the defense responses in soybean roots exposed to ions of cadmium (applied as 50 mg l(-1) Cd(2+)) when combined with an excessive dose of N in form of NH(4)NO(3). Our data indicate that despite of stunted root growth, several stress symptoms typically observed upon cadmium treatment, e.g. peroxidation of lipid membranes or activation of chitinase isoforms, become suppressed at highly excessive N. At the same time, other defense mechanisms such as catalases and proline accumulation were elevated. Most importantly, the interplay of ongoing responses resulted in a decreased uptake of the metal into the root tissue. This report points to the complexity of plant defense responses under conditions of heavy metal pollution combined with intensive fertilization in agriculture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Biology of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Yevheniia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konotop
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mészáros
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spieß
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mistríková
authors.forename: Beáta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piršelová
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Libantová
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moravčíková
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taran
authors.forename: Pavol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hauptvogel
authors.forename: Ildikó
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matušíková
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002688:Chitinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D011392:Proline; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002688:Chitinases; C006568:ammonium nitrate