title: Life satisfaction in older women in Latvia and Sweden-relations to standard of living, aspects of health and coping behaviour.
abstract: To study and compare associations between life satisfaction and standard of living, health, and coping behaviour in older single-living women in two countries with different political, economical and cultural situations: Latvia and Sweden. Cross sectional data included 260 Latvian and 288 Swedish women, aged 75-84 and 80-89, from the ENABLE-AGE Survey Study. Life satisfaction was assessed by the question: All in all, how satisfied are you with your life? Standard of living was assessed by economic and housing conditions, and health by perceived and objective health and activities in daily living. Three factors, Fight, Helplessness, and Distraction, were obtained from the Coping Patterns Schedule. Correlations between Life satisfaction and standard of living, health, and coping were calculated. The variance in Life satisfaction explained by these variables was obtained in each sample by ordinal regression models. Life satisfaction was significantly lower in the Latvian sample than in the Swedish. Standard of living was lower and health poorer in the younger Latvian sample than in the Swedish, but more of the variance in Life satisfaction was explained in the Latvian sample by standard of living (18% vs 2%) and less by health (6% vs 15%). Coping factors explained 29% of the variation in Life satisfaction in the Latvian sample as opposed to 15% in the Swedish. For single-living older women low standard of living seems to be a more serious obstacle than poor health, making it difficult to obtain a reasonable life satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences (Institutionen för hälsa, vård och samhälle), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Box 157, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden. vibeke.horstmann@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Vibeke
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Horstmann
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haak
authors.forename: Signe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomsone
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwarsson
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gräsbeck
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006304:Health Status; D016852:Housing for the Elderly; D006801:Humans; D007844:Latvia; D016015:Logistic Models; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D015406:Single Parent; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden