title: Marine-derived nutrient improves epidermal and dermal structure and prolongs the life span of reconstructed human skin equivalents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imedeen™ is a cosmeceutical that provides nutrients to the skin. One of its active ingredients is the Marine Complex™ (MC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether MC affects skin morphogenesis differently in female and male human skin equivalents (HSEs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human skin equivalents were established with cells obtained from female or male donors between 30 and 45 years of age and cultured for seven or 11 weeks in the presence or absence of MC. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined early differentiation by keratin 10 expression, (hyper)proliferation by keratin 17 and Ki67, and basement membrane composition by laminin 332 and collagen type VII. In addition, the expression of collagen type I and the secretion of pro-collagen I were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Marine Complex strongly increased the number of Ki67-positive epidermal cells in female HSEs. In the dermis, MC significantly stimulated the amount of secreted pro-collagen I and increased the deposition of laminin 332 and collagen type VII. Furthermore, MC prolonged the viable phase of HSEs by slowing down its natural degradation. After 11 weeks of culturing, the MC-treated HSEs showed higher numbers of viable epidermal cell layers and a thicker dermal extracellular matrix compared with controls. In contrast, these effects were less pronounced in male HSEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MC nutrient positively stimulated overall HSE tissue formation and prolonged the longevity of both female and male HSEs. The ability of MC to stimulate the deposition of basement membrane and dermal components can be used to combat 2 human skin aging in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rietveld
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janson
authors.forename: Rachida
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siamari
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vicanova
authors.forename: Maja Troest
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Abdoelwaheb
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Ghalbzouri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D024143:Collagen Type VII / Q000378:metabolism; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts; D006801:Humans; D053550:Keratin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053537:Keratin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014022:Tissue Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D000097794:Kalinin
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024143:Collagen Type VII; D053550:Keratin-10; D053537:Keratin-17; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D000097794:Kalinin