title: The effects of GM-CSF and IL-5 as molecular adjuvants on immune responses and contraception induced by mZP3 DNA vaccination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various approaches have been developed to improve the antibody response of zona pellucida glycoprotein-3 (ZP3) vaccination. In this study, we investigated whether GM-CSF and IL-5 can be used as cytokine adjuvants to increase the humoral immune response generated by mouse ZP3 (mZP3) DNA vaccine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice in experimental group were injected by GM-CSF 4 days before the co-immunization of IL-5 and mZP3 DNA vaccine. The contraception and the correlation with humoral and cellular immune responses were analyzed after immunization and mating. The effect of cytokine adjuvant on the maturation of DCs was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-immunization of GM-CSF and IL-5 with mZP3 DNA vaccine induced the highest level of serum IgG and IL-4 expression in CD4(+)  T cells. Importantly, this strategy reduced mice fertility without disrupting normal ovarian morphology. GM-CSF enhanced the maturation of DCs evidenced by up-regulating the expression of MHC-II and CD86.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GM-CSF and IL-5 co-administration enhanced humoral immune responses to mZP3, and this may be a potential strategy for development of immunocontraceptive vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zibirnisa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kadir
authors.forename: Jinyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fuchun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003269:Contraception, Immunologic / Q000379:methods*; D004527:Egg Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D000072216:Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004527:Egg Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015848:Interleukin-5; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D000072216:Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins; C000606521:Zp3 protein, mouse; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor