title: Systolic myocardial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: identification at MR imaging with cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) can help to identify and determine the patterns of subclinical myocardial systolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) when compared with cine DENSE in control patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the patients, 37 patients with type 2 DM without overt heart disease and 23 age-matched control patients were prospectively included in the study. The patients underwent standard cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with two-dimensional cine DENSE acquisitions. Circumferential (Ecc) and radial (Err) systolic strains were measured on short-axis views at basal, mid, and apical left ventricular levels. Longitudinal strain (Ell) was measured on four- and two-chamber views. Statistical testing included the intraclass correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficient values were 0.85, 0.95, and 0.90, and the interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient values were 0.79, 0.91 and 0.80 for Ecc, Err, and Ell, respectively. The left ventricular ejection fraction was in the reference range and similar between the groups, and the patients with DM showed a decrease in Ecc (-14.4%±1.6 vs -17.0%±1.6, P<.001), Err (36.2%±10.9 vs 44.4%±9.9, P=.006) and Ell (-12.9%±2.1 vs -15.5%±1.6, P<.001) compared with the control patients. Finally, DM was independently associated with Ecc (P<.001), Err (P=.05) and Ell (P=.01) after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, body mass index, and left ventricular mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cine DENSE, a motion-encoding MR imaging technique for myocardial strain assessment with high spatial resolution, appears to be useful in the identification of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in patients with DM.
authors.affiliation: Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Department of Endocrinology, Louis Pradel Hospital, CarMeN INSERM Unit 1060, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ernande
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thibault
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergerot
authors.forename: Phillippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Derumeaux
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Croisille
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*