title: Evaluation of cortisol level and cell-mediated immunity response    changes in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder as a    consequence of war.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the level of blood and urine cortisol and cell mediated immunity response changes among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder resulting from war.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case-control study, 20 patients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the mean age of 41.9+7.6 and 20 healthy individuals (control group) with the mean age of 42.4+7.6 were compared. At the beginning, 24-hour urine and blood samples were obtained, and three antigens, tuberculosis, tetanus and candida were injected sub-cutaneously. Skin reaction was evaluated for each of the injections. Analysis was performed using t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase regarding cell-mediated immunity in cases in comparison with the controls (p =0.017) and also a significant increase of blood cortisol was observed in cases (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in two groups regarding urine cortisol level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that there was a significant difference in the activation of cell-mediated immunity in PTSD patients as compared to the control group. This increase in activity was not due to the influence of life stressors or intensity of illness signs or following illnesses. It is recommended to study and treat the autoimmune disease in PTSD patients more seriously in the countries like Iran that were involved in war problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Research Center and Behavioral Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masoudzadeh
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modanloo Kordi
authors.forename: Abolghasem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ajami
authors.forename: Anooshiravan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007428:Intradermal Tests; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D014857:Warfare
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone