title: Stress and stressors in the clinical environment: a comparative study of fourth-year student nurses and newly qualified general nurses in Ireland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure and compare the perceived levels of job-related stress and stressors of newly qualified nurses and fourth-year student nurses in the clinical environment and to explore the participants' views on stress and stressors.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Stress in the nursing workplace has significant consequences for the person, the patient and the organisation, such as psychological and physical health deterioration and impaired professional practice. To address this problem, stress and stressors need to be measured and identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a cross-sectional survey design and self-reporting questionnaires to measure and compare levels of stress in both groups. Convenience sampling involved all newly qualified nurses (n = 120) and fourth-year student nurses (n = 128) in Dublin North-East region in Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The instrument used was 'The Nursing Stress Scale' (Gray-Toft & Anderson 1981, Journal of Behavioral Assessment 3, 11-23). Descriptive, qualitative analysis was conducted on an open-ended question. Data were obtained from newly qualified nurses (n = 31) and fourth-year student nurses (n = 40) in six acute hospital sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of perceived stress and stressors were high in both groups. Themes identified from the responses to the open question by both groups included excessive workload, difficult working relationships and unmet clinical learning needs. Student nurses also reported the combination of academic demands with clinical placement as a major stressor. There was no significant difference between each group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stress continues to be a problem for nurses in the clinical setting. Excessive workload requires urgent attention by hospital managers in view of widespread retention difficulties. Themes identified could provide a framework for possible interventions for improving the clinical environment for nurses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results can help stakeholders in nurse education and practice to develop interventions to reduce stress for both groups and to ease the transition from student to graduate nurse.
authors.affiliation: Louth County Hospital, Dundalk, Ireland. patricia.suresh@hse.ie
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Imelda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Coyne
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*