title: Nematode and ciliate nasal infection in captive archey's frogs (Leiopelma archeyi).
abstract: Archey's frogs (Leiopelma archeyi) are first on the list of evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered (EDGE) amphibians. Captive breeding is an important strategy for protection of the species, but programs are hampered by a lack of information on diseases present in wild and captive populations. Two novel nematodes (Koerneria sp. and Rhabditis sp.) were found separately in four captive Archey's frogs showing clinical signs of hemorrhagic purulent nasal discharge and weight loss. One of these frogs also had a novel protozoal infection (Tetrahymena) in the nasal cavity. Koerneria, Rhabditis, and Tetrahymena have not previously been reported in amphibians in New Zealand. One frog was treated successfully with oral moxidectin at 0.4 mg/kg for the nematode infection and topical metronidazole at 10 mg/kg for the protozoal infection. The clinical signs abated only after both infections were cleared. The second frog died before treatment could be established. The third and fourth frogs were found dead.
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Centre for Conservation Medicine, 117 Motions Road, Auckland Zoo, Auckland 1002, New Zealand. stephanie.shaw@jcu.edu.au
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Speare
authors.forename: Denis H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yeates
authors.forename: Zeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jakob-Hoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001001:Anura; D016798:Ciliophora / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016770:Ciliophora Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D018942:Macrolides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009348:Nematoda / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D018942:Macrolides; D008795:Metronidazole; C027837:moxidectin