title: Photo-damage protective effect of two facial products, containing a unique complex of Dead Sea minerals and Himalayan actives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin appearance is badly affected when exposed to solar UV rays, which encourage physiological and structural cutaneous alterations that eventually lead to skin photo-damage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the capability of two facial preparations, extreme day cream (EXD) and extreme night treatment (EXN), containing a unique complex of Dead Sea water and three Himalayan extracts, to antagonize biological effects induced by photo-damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pieces of organ cultures of human skin were used as a model to assess the biological effects of UVB irradiation and the protective effect of topical application of two Extreme preparations. Skin pieces were analyzed for mitochondrial activity by MTT assay, for apoptosis by caspase 3 assay, and for cytokine secretion by solid phase ELISA. Human subjects were tested to evaluate the effect of Extreme preparations on skin wrinkle depth using PRIMOS and skin hydration by a corneometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UVB irradiation induced cell apoptosis in the epidermis of skin organ cultures and increased their pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis α (TNFα) secretion. Topical applications of both preparations significantly attenuated all these effects. Furthermore, in human subjects, a reduction in wrinkle depth and an elevation in the intense skin moisture were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observations clearly show that EXD and EXN preparations have protective anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties that can attenuate biological effects of skin photo-damage. Topical application of the preparations improves skin appearance by reducing its wrinkles depth and increasing its moisturizing impact.
authors.affiliation: The Dead Sea Laboratory for Skin Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Ein-Gedi, Israel.
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wineman
authors.forename: Meital
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portugal-Cohen
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soroka
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schlippe
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Milner
authors.forename: Noam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hai
authors.forename: Zeevi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma'or
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008011:Lichens; D032305:Lycium; D008875:Middle Aged; D008900:Mineral Waters; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003358:Cosmetics; D008900:Mineral Waters; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053148:Caspase 3