title: Revisional surgery after failed laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) has emerged as one of the most commonly performed bariatric procedures worldwide. Unfortunately, revisional surgery is required in 20-30 % of cases. Several revisional strategies have been proposed, but there is no consensus regarding the best surgical option. This systematic review was designed to determine which revisional surgery (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, or laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch) is best suited to enhance weight loss following failed LAGB due to complications or inadequate weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Clinical Trials were searched using the most comprehensive timeline for each database. A total of 24 relevant articles were identified. Two investigators independently extracted data, and differences were resolved by consensus. The weighted means were calculated for weight loss measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 106, 514, and 71 patients underwent conversion from LAGB to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), and laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion and duodenal switch (BPDDS), respectively. Before revisional surgery, the weighted mean body mass index (BMI) was 38.8 (6.9), 43.3 (8.1), and 41.3 (7.2) kg/m(2) for the LSG, LRYGB, and BPDDS groups, respectively. The majority of data was reported at 12-24 months follow-up. The mean BMI within this interval was 28 (10.5), 32.2 (6.4), and 33 (5.7) kg/m(2) for the LSG, LRYGB, and BPDDS groups, respectively. In addition, the mean excess weight loss (EWL) was 22 % (2.8), 57.8 % (11.7), 47.1 % (14) for the LSG, LRYGB, and BPDDS groups, respectively. The EWL reached 78.4 % (35) in the BPPDS group after 2-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Failed LAGB is best managed with conversion to another bariatric procedure. Stable weight loss occurs with salvage LRYGB. Although results for revisional BPPDS appear promising, additional research, with higher methodological quality, is needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. ahmadelnahas@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elnahas
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Graybiel
authors.forename: Forough
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farrokhyar
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gmora
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anvari
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015904:Biliopancreatic Diversion / Q000379:methods; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D017211:Treatment Failure; D015431:Weight Loss