title: Relationship between arm morbidity and patient-reported outcomes following surgery in women with node-negative breast cancer: NSABP protocol B-32.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of arm morbidity following breast cancer surgery on patient-observed changes in daily functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has not been well-studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of objective measures such as range of motion (ROM) and lymphedema, with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in the arm and breast, upper extremity function, activities, and HRQoL.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-32 was a randomized trial comparing sentinel node resection (SNR) with axillary dissection (AD) in women with node-negative breast cancer. ROM and arm volume were measured objectively. PROs included symptoms; arm function; limitations in social, recreational, occupational, and other regular activities; and a global index of HRQoL. Statistical methods included cross-tabulations and multivariable linear regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 744 women provided at least 1 postsurgery assessment. About one-third of the patients experienced arm mobility restrictions. A similar number of patients avoided the use of the arm 6 months after surgery. Limitations in work and other regular activities were reported by about a quarter of the patients. In this multivariable analysis, arm mobility and sensory neuropathy were predictors of patient-reported arm function and overall HRQoL. Predictors for activity limitations also included side of surgery (dominant vs nondominant). Edema was not significant after adjustment for sensory neuropathy and ROM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arm mobility and edema were measured simultaneously only once during the follow-up (6 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical measures of sensory neuropathy and restrictions in arm mobility following breast cancer surgery are associated with self-reported limitations in activity and reductions in overall HRQoL.
authors.affiliation: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Operations and Biostatistical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. jkopec@ufcm.edu
authors.forename: Jacek A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kopec
authors.forename: Linda H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Colangelo
authors.forename: Stephanie R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Julian
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Stewart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Krag
authors.forename: Takamaru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ashikaga
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Costatino
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wolmark
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ganz
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010358:Patient Participation; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D057566:Self Report / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*