title: Regulation of the grapevine polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein encoding gene: expression pattern, induction profile and promoter analysis.
abstract: Regulation of defense in plants is a complex process mediated by various signaling pathways. Promoter analysis of defense-related genes is useful to understand these signaling pathways involved in regulation. To this end, the regulation of the polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein encoding gene from Vitis vinifera L. (Vvpgip1) was analyzed with regard to expression pattern and induction profile as well as the promoter in terms of putative regulatory elements present, core promoter size and the start of transcription. Expression of Vvpgip1 is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. Vvpgip1 expression was induced in response to auxin, salicylic acid and sugar treatment, wounding and pathogen infection. The start of transcription was mapped to 17 bp upstream of the ATG and the core promoter was mapped to the 137 bp upstream of the ATG. Fructose- and Botrytis responsiveness were identified in the region between positions -3.1 and -1.5 kb. The analyses showed induction in water when the leaves were submersed and this response and the response to wounding mapped to the region between positions -1.1 and -0.1 kb. In silico analyses revealed putative cis-acting elements in these areas that correspond well to the induction stimuli tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Victoria Street, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
authors.forename: D Albert
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Joubert
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Lorenzo
authors.forename: Melané A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vivier
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D020171:Botrytis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011096:Polygalacturonase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D027843:Vitis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011096:Polygalacturonase; D020156:Salicylic Acid