title: A comparative study of primary and recurrent human glioblastoma multiforme using the small animal imaging and molecular expressive profiles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor with the characteristics of highly infiltrative growth and recurrent rate. In this study, we used animal imaging and molecular expressive profiles to investigate the characteristics of the primary tumor (GBM-3) cells and recurrent tumor (S1R1) cells from different GBM patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bioluminescent imaging and 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used for assessing the orthotopical tumor development of GBM cells harboring a polycistronic reporter gene system. Western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to compare the molecular expressive profiles of two types of GBM cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S1R1 cells exhibited apparent invasive ability compared to GBM-3 cells using in vitro invasion assay. In vivo bioluminescent imaging showed that intracranial tumors are formed by both types of GBM cells, but the bioluminescent signal was also detected in the lumbar region at late-stage tumor formed by S1R1 cells. The MRI showed that intracranial tumors formed by S1R1 cells were highly infiltrative compared to that formed by GBM-3 cells. Additionally, these two GBM types expressed different patterns of molecules associated with tumor development. Moreover, the suppressive effects of interleukine-23 (IL-23) on xenograft tumors formed by both GBM types were detected using bioluminescent imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current data suggest that the in vivo growth behaviors and therapeutic responses of the primary and recurrent human GBMs were comparable using the reporter gene imaging, and different molecular expressive profiles exist between these two GBM types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Liang-Ting
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shih-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Te-Wei
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ren-Shyan
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jeng-Jong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Chih-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsin-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yi-Jang
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D053759:Interleukin-23