title: Cochlear implantation in patients profoundly deafened after head injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is very little information in the literature regarding outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients profoundly deafened after head injury. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes in this group of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case review.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Manchester Cochlear Implant Programme, University of Manchester.
  
  
  METHODS
  Profoundly deafened patients after head injury who proceeded to cochlear implantation for auditory rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean age and duration of deafness at implantation. Preimplantation and postimplantation speech perception outcomes were measured using Bench Kowel Bamford (BKB) sentences in quiet and noise, City University of New York sentences with lip reading and Arthur Boothroyd words scoring the percentage phonemes correct.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients received 23 cochlear implants. Mean age at implantation was 51 years (standard deviation, 12 yr). Mean duration of deafness at implantation was 12 years (range, 1-30 yr).Preimplantation BKB score in quiet of 0%. Mean postimplantation BKB score in quiet was 64% (range, 0%-100%) and in noise was 61% (range, 0%-97%). Three were nonusers, and 1 required reimplantation. There was a moderately negative correlation between outcome and age at implantation (r = -0.41, p < 0.05) and between outcome and duration of deafness (r = -0.52, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cochlear implantation is an effective method for hearing rehabilitation in profoundly deafened patients after head injury. However, negative factors, such as significant injury to the central auditory pathway, basal turn obliteration, long duration of deafness, and nonauditory stimulation, should be considered in the preoperative assessment of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, University of Manchester, Manchester, North West England, UK. sadiekhwaja@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Sadie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khwaja
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mawman
authors.forename: Jaya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nichani
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications*; D003638:Deafness / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013063:Speech Discrimination Tests; D013067:Speech Perception; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome