title: Increased T-cell stimulating activity by mutated SEC2 correlates with its improved antitumour potency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the improved antitumour activity of SAM-3 compared with recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxins C2 (rSEC2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methylthiazol tetrazolium and flow cytometry assays showed that the antitumour activity of SAM-3 in vivo was improved because of enhanced T-cell stimulating potency, resulting in massive activation of T cells, particularly CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and subsequent cytokine release. Quantitative real-time PCR assay showed that despite similar Vβ specificities induced by rSEC2 and SAM-3, the quantities of activated T cells bearing specific Vβin vitro were different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results strongly suggested that the increased SAM-3-T-cell receptor (TCR) binding affinity contributed to massive T-cell activation and cytokine release, substantially amplifying antitumour immune response in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provided evidence for the mechanism of SAM-3 antitumour activity improvement compared with rSEC2. Results indicated that SAM-3 could be used as a potent powerful candidate agent for tumour treatment in clinics.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018089:Superantigens; C034959:enterotoxin C, staphylococcal