title: Foods contributing to sodium intake and urinary sodium excretion in a group of Australian women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify food sources of Na in a group of community-dwelling women in Adelaide, South Australia. A secondary aim was to measure Na excretion in this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community setting, Adelaide, South Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy healthy women (mean age 48.6 (SD 8.1) years, mean BMI 28.6 (SD 6.3) kg/m2) living in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia and participating in a validation study of an FFQ. Dietary intake was derived from two 4 d weighed food records. Foods from the 4 d weighed food records were grouped according to foods or food groups to establish contributors to Na intake. Na excretion was measured in two 24 h urine samples. Completeness of urine collections was verified using creatinine excretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bread alone contributed 19.0% of Na intake, with an overall contribution from the breads and cereals group of 32.5%. Meat products contributed 14.4% of intake, the dairy and eggs group (excluding cheese) 9.6% and combination dishes (e.g. pizza, quiche, sandwiches and stir fry dishes) 8.4%. Na excretion was 126 (SD 42) mmol/d, i.e. approximately 7.6 (SD 2.5) g salt/d. Seventy per cent of participants (n 48) had Na excretion ≥100 mmol/d (146 (SD 34) mmol/d).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effective Na reduction could be achieved by reducing the amount in staple foods such as bread and meat products.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Jennifer.keogh@unisa.edu.au
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Keogh
authors.forename: Kylie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hogarth
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clifton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine*; D016482:Urinalysis; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary