title: Serum cathepsin S is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and the development of type 2 diabetes in a community-based cohort of elderly men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate associations between serum cathepsin S, impaired insulin sensitivity, defective insulin secretion, and diabetes risk in a community-based sample of elderly men without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum cathepsin S, insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp), and insulin secretion (early insulin response during an oral glucose tolerance test) were measured in 905 participants of the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (mean age, 71 years). Thirty participants developed diabetes during 6 years of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age, anthropometric variables, and inflammatory markers, higher cathepsin S was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (regression coefficient per SD increase -0.09 [95% CI -0.14 to -0.04], P = 0.001), but no association with early insulin response was found. Moreover, higher cathepsin S was associated with a higher risk for developing diabetes (odds ratio per SD increase 1.48 [1.08-2.01], P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cathepsin S activity appears to be involved in the early dysregulation of glucose and insulin metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jobs
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Risérus
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ingelsson
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundström
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jobs
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nerpin
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iggman
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ärnlöv
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D002403:Cathepsins; C028217:cathepsin S