title: Low-level laser therapy and sodium diclofenac in acute inflammatory response induced by skeletal muscle trauma: effects in muscle morphology and mRNA gene expression of inflammatory markers.
abstract: Pharmacological therapy is widely used in the treatment of muscle injuries. On the other hand, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) arises as a promising nonpharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of sodium diclofenac (topical application) and LLLT on morphological aspects and gene expression of biochemical inflammatory markers. We performed a single trauma in tibialis anterior muscle of rats. After 1 h, animals were treated with sodium diclofenac (11.6 mg g(-1) of solution) or LLLT (810 nm; continuous mode; 100 mW; 3.57 W cm(-2) ; 1, 3 or 9 J; 10, 30 or 90 s). Histological analysis and quantification of gene expression (real-time polymerase chain reaction-RT-PCR) of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were performed at 6, 12 and 24 h after trauma. LLLT with all doses improved morphological aspects of muscle tissue, showing better results than injury and diclofenac groups. All LLLT doses also decreased (P < 0.05) COX-2 compared to injury group at all time points, and to diclofenac group at 24 h after trauma. In addition, LLLT decreased (P < 0.05) TNF-α compared both to injury and diclofenac groups at all time points. LLLT mainly with dose of 9 J is better than topical application of diclofenac in acute inflammation after muscle trauma.
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão
authors.initials: RÁ
authors.lastname: Lopes-Martins
authors.forename: Shaiane Silva
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tomazoni
authors.forename: Gianna Móes
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Albuquerque-Pontes
authors.forename: Larissa Aline
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Adriane Aver
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vanin
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frigo
authors.forename: Rodolfo P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Regiane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albertini
authors.forename: Paulo de Tarso Camillo
authors.initials: Pde T
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Ernesto Cesar Pinto
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Leal-Junior
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000528:radiation effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015415:Biomarkers; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004008:Diclofenac; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat