title: An integrative review of adolescent smoking cessation using the Transtheoretical Model of Change.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this literature review is to report the effectiveness of trials using the Transtheoretical Model of Change for achieving smoking cessation among adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  An integrative literature review was performed. Two reviewers searched the Internet for randomized, controlled trials or observational studies of adolescent smoking cessation trials reported between 1999 and June 2009 that used the Transtheoretical Model of Change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six randomized controlled trials remained after all inclusion and exclusion criteria were met. Each study was reviewed qualitatively and odds ratio and quit rates were calculated. Four studies demonstrated an odds ratio of greater than 1.0, and in four studies significantly better quit rates were found in the intervention arm versus the control arm at the endpoint evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence exists for the effectiveness of stage-based interventions in promoting smoking cessation in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: ApolloMD, Woodstock, GA, USA. nplease@comcast.net
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Sara R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Vail
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D016497:Adolescent Health Services; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology