title: Italy SimSmoke: the effect of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and smoking attributable deaths in Italy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While Italy has implemented some tobacco control policies over the last few decades, which resulted in a decreased smoking prevalence, there is still considerable scope to strengthen tobacco control policies consistent with the World Health Organization (WHO) policy guidelines. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of past and project the effect of future tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and associated premature mortality in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess, individually and in combination, the effect of seven types of policies, we used the SimSmoke simulation model of tobacco control policy. The model uses population, smoking rates and tobacco control policy data for Italy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant reductions of smoking prevalence and premature mortality can be achieved through tobacco price increases, high intensity media campaigns, comprehensive cessation treatment program, strong health warnings, stricter smoke-free air regulations and advertising bans, and youth access laws. With a comprehensive approach, the smoking prevalence can be decreased by as much as 12% soon after the policies are in place, increasing to a 30% reduction in the next twenty years and a 34% reduction by 30 years in 2040. Without effective tobacco control policies, a total of almost 300 thousand lives will be prematurely lost due to smoking by the year 2040.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Besides presenting the benefits of a comprehensive tobacco control strategy, the model helps identify information gaps in surveillance and evaluation schemes that will promote the effectiveness of future tobacco control policy in Italy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa, 19-20156, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallus
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blackman
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carreras
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gorini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D061213:Mortality, Premature / Q000639:trends; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000401:mortality*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence