title: Cost of standard indoor ultra-low-volume space spraying as a method to control adult dengue vectors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To access the costs of standard indoor ultra-low-volume (SID-ULV) space spraying for controlling dengue vectors in Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resources related to SID-ULV space spraying as a method to control dengue vectors between July and December 2009 were identified, measured and valued taking a societal perspective into consideration. Information on costs was collected from direct observations, interviews and bookkeeping records. Uncertainty of unit costs was investigated using a bootstrap technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Costs of SID-ULV were calculated from 18 new dengue cases that covered 1492 surrounding houses. The average coverage of the SID-ULV was 64.4%. In the first round of spraying, 53% of target houses were sprayed and 44.6% in the second round, of which 69.2% and 54.7% received entire indoor space spraying. Unit costs per case, per 10 houses and per 100 m(2) were USD 705 (95% Confidence Interval CI, 539-888), 180 (95% CI, 150-212) and USD 23 (95% CI, 17-30). The majority of SID-ULV unit cost per case was attributed to productivity loss (83.9%) and recurrent costs (15.2%). The unit cost of the SID-ULV per case and per house in rural was 2.8 and 1.6 times lower than municipal area. The estimated annual cost of SID-ULV space spraying from 2005 to 2009 using healthcare perspective ranged from USD 5.3 to 10.3 million.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of the cost of SID-ULV space spraying was attributed to productivity loss. Potential productivity loss influences the achievement of high coverage, so well-planned SID-ULV space spraying strategies are needed to reduce costs.
authors.affiliation: Office of Disease Prevention and Control 12, Songkhla, Thailand. pookdit@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Thanittha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ditsuwan
authors.forename: Tippawan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liabsuetrakul
authors.forename: Vallop
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ditsuwan
authors.forename: Suwich
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thammapalo
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003715:Dengue / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007306:Insecticides / Q000191:economics*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011634:Public Health / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D012424:Rural Population; D013785:Thailand; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides