title: miRNAs as mediators of drug resistance.
abstract: Chemoresistance of tumors is often reported to be due to overexpression of efflux transporters or genetic alterations of signaling pathways. More recently, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic modification contributes to the phenomenon of drug resistance. Despite alteration of DNA methylation or histone modifications, deregulated miRNA expression patterns of tumor cells have been identified as interfering with drug response. Attempts to modify the expression of selected miRNAs have partly led to intriguing improvements of chemotherapy response. This review focuses on the major epigenetic mechanisms, including the role of miRNA expression contributing to drug resistance and the role of epigenetic drugs to overcome nonresponse arising under conventional chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Sierk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haenisch
authors.forename: Ingolf
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cascorbi
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D035683:MicroRNAs