title: Comparison of chromatographic methods for quality control of DMSA complexes with 99mTc and 188Re at (III) and (V) oxidation states.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reliable method for determination of identity and radiochemical purity (RCP) is of great importance in radiopharmaceutical development. This is especially relevant when more than one form of radiometal/ligand complex can be formed during radiolabelling, such as complexes of 99mTc or 188Re with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), where depending on the pH, metal can occur either at +3 or +5 oxidation state. The aim of our study was to evaluate possibilities for optimization of chromatographic systems leading to specific and reliable analytical method for determination of the identity and RCP of DMSA complexes with 99mTc or 188Re.
  
  
  METHODS
  The commercial DMSA kits (POLATOM) were used for preparation of technetium-99m (III) and (V) complexes with DMSA. 99mTc(V)-DMSA complexes were prepared by addition of NaHCO3 to the kit vial prior to 99mTc-eluate to obtain pH ~8. 188Re(V)-DMSA was prepared either directly or using intermediate 188Re(III)-EDTA complex added to DMSA. RCP was evaluated by TLC using: ITLC-SG developed in methylethylketon, SG60 coated plates developed in: n-BuOH/H2O/CH3COOH and n-PrOH/H2O/CH3COOH systems, and in H2O. Comparative biodistribution studies were performed in normal Wistar rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using silica gel plates and n-PrOH, H2O and acetic acid in the developing solution, we observed that 99mTc/188Re(III)-DMSA and 99mTc/188Re(V)-DMSA complexes could be well separated from each other and from the impurities in the form of free pertechnetate/perrhenate. In vivo studies showed quite different biodistribution of 99mTc(III)- and 99mTc(V)-DMSA. The trivalent complex accumulated mainly in kidneys (>40%ID), while 99mTc(V)-DMSA revealed high excretion with urine and relatively high concentration in osseous tissue (ca. 2 %ID/g). Accumulation of this complex in kidneys was very low (ca. 2.5 %ID). Biodistribution pattern of 188Re(V)-DMSA prepared directly was almost identical to that of 99mTc(V)-DMSA. Biodistribution results of the 188Re preparation obtained using 188Re(III)-EDTA intermediate indicated that the preparation contained the mixture of penta- and trivalent 188Re complexes. The quite high accumulation of radioactivity in kidneys (23 %ID) gave evidence of the presence of 188Re(III)-DMSA in this preparation, what was also confirmed by the results of TLC analysis performed using silica gel plate and n-propanol/water/acetic acid as developing system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our study, we have made recommendation on the suitable methods for investigations of RCP of DMSA complexes, i.e.: SG60 plates developed in the mixture of n-propanol/water/acetic acid, which enable determination of the tri- and pentavalent DMSA complexes, as well as, the pertechnetate/perrhenate impurity, and developed in water for determination of the colloidal residue.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Nuclear Research — Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Otwock, Poland. p.garnuszek@polatom.pl
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garnuszek
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maurin
authors.forename: Drina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jankovic
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Karczmarczyk
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mikołajczak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D011786:Quality Control; D011854:Radiochemistry; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000592:standards; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012211:Rhenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004113:Succimer / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D011868:Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012211:Rhenium; D004113:Succimer