title: An in vivo evaluation of fit of zirconium-oxide based ceramic single crowns, generated with two CAD/CAM systems, in comparison to metal ceramic single crowns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess in vivo the marginal fit of single crowns produced using two CAD/CAM all-ceramic systems, in comparison to more traditional metal ceramic crowns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty vital, caries-free, and previously untreated teeth were chosen in five patients who needed extraction for implant placement and therefore were included in this study. In the control group (C), 10 regular metal ceramic crowns with porcelain occlusal surfaces were fabricated. In the other two groups (Z and E), CAD/CAM technology was used for the fabrication of 20 zirconium-oxide-based ceramic single crowns with two systems. All zirconia crowns were cemented with glass-ionomer cement, always following the manufacturer's instructions. The same dentist carried out all clinical phases. The teeth were extracted 1 month later. Marginal gaps along vertical planes were measured for each crown, using a total of four landmarks for each tooth by means of a microscope at a magnification of 50×. On completion of microscopic evaluation, representative specimens from each group were prepared for ESEM evaluation. Mean and standard deviations of the four landmarks (mesial, distal, buccal, palatal) at each single crown were calculated for each group. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to determine whether the four landmarks, taken into consideration together, differed between groups. Two-way ANOVA was performed to study in detail, for each landmark, how the three systems used to produce the FPDs affected the gap measurements. Differences were considered to be significant at p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MANOVA revealed no quantitative differences of the four landmarks, when taken into consideration together, between the three groups (p < 0.0001). Two-way ANOVA, performed at each landmark, revealed no quantitative differences between the three groups (p < 0.0001 for each landmark).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the two zirconium-oxide-based ceramic CAD/CAM systems demonstrated a similar and acceptable marginal fit when compared to more traditional metal ceramic crowns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Odontostomatology, University of Padova, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonello
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Biscaro
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonfiglioli
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soattin
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vigolo
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003442:Crowns; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D006801:Humans; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide