title: Human blood metabolite timetable indicates internal body time.
abstract: A convenient way to estimate internal body time (BT) is essential for chronotherapy and time-restricted feeding, both of which use body-time information to maximize potency and minimize toxicity during drug administration and feeding, respectively. Previously, we proposed a molecular timetable based on circadian-oscillating substances in multiple mouse organs or blood to estimate internal body time from samples taken at only a few time points. Here we applied this molecular-timetable concept to estimate and evaluate internal body time in humans. We constructed a 1.5-d reference timetable of oscillating metabolites in human blood samples with 2-h sampling frequency while simultaneously controlling for the confounding effects of activity level, light, temperature, sleep, and food intake. By using this metabolite timetable as a reference, we accurately determined internal body time within 3 h from just two anti-phase blood samples. Our minimally invasive, molecular-timetable method with human blood enables highly optimized and personalized medicine.
authors.affiliation: Functional Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasukawa
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Sato
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: Hiroki R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D019454:Chronotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D004435:Eating; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D017440:Photoperiod; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods; D012890:Sleep; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult