title: Plant 14-3-3 proteins as spiders in a web of phosphorylation.
abstract: Protein phosphorylation is essential for many aspects of plant growth and development. To fully modulate the activity of specific proteins after phosphorylation, interaction with members of the 14-3-3 family is necessary. 14-3-3 Proteins are important for many processes because they "assist" a wide range of target proteins with divergent functions. In this review, we will describe how plant 14-3-3 proteins are as spiders in a web of phosphorylation: they act as sensors for phospho-motifs, they themselves are phosphorylated with unknown consequences and they have kinases as target, where some of these phosphorylate 14-3-3 binding motifs in other proteins. Two specific classes of 14-3-3 targets, protein kinases and transcription factors of the bZIP and basic helix-loop-helix-like families, with important and diverse functions in the plant as a whole will be discussed. An important question to be addressed in the near future is how the interaction with 14-3-3 proteins has diverged, both structurally and functionally, between different members of the same protein family, like the kinases and transcription factors.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands. bert.de.boer@falw.vu.nl
authors.forename: Albertus H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Paula J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Kleeff
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D010940:Plant Proteins