title: Measurement of distress in Chinese inpatients with lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the levels and sources of distress in patients with lymphoma. This study also focused on the influence of factors of the level of distress and the cutoff score using the Distress Thermometer (DT) relative to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
  
  
  METHODS
  DT and HADS were used to estimate the psychological status of 323 eligible lymphoma patients. The DT was evaluated against the HADS for its sensitivity and specificity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and ninety-three (59.7%) lymphoma patients experienced overall distress on the HADS, with 137 (42.4%) experiencing anxiety and 114 (35.3%) suffering from depression. There were 199 (61.6%) and 163 (50.5%) patients with distress score ≥ 4 and ≥ 5, respectively. DT was significantly correlated with the HADS-total (T) (r=0.820, p<0.001), HADS-depression (D) (r=0.763, p<0.001), and HADS-anxiety (A) (r=0.738, p<0.001). The consistency of the DT and HADS was favorable (coherence index=0.6030, p<0.01) when the cutoff score was 5 for the DT. Referring to the cutoff of 15 on HADS, 5 on DT yielded optimal specificity (0.869, p<0.001) and sensitivity (0.756, p<0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, patients with 'B symptoms' were more likely to have a distress score ≥ 5 [OR=4.512, p<0.05, 95% CI 1.953-10.467].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DT is efficacious for screening for anxiety and depression in lymphoma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Yisi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yuquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012372:ROC Curve; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires