title: β-Lactoglobulin as a molecular carrier of linoleate: characterization and effects on intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.
abstract: The dairy protein β-lactoglobulin (βlg) is known to bind hydrophobic ligands such as fatty acids. In the present work, we investigated the biological activity in vitro of linoleate once complexed to bovine βlg. Binding of linoleate (C18:2) to bovine βlg was achieved by heating at 60 °C for 30 min at pH 7.4, resulting in a linoleate/βlg molar binding stoichiometry of 1.1, 2.1, and 3.4. Two types of binding sites were determined by ITC titrations. Binding of linoleate induced the formation of covalent dimers and trimers of βlg. The LD(50) on Caco-2 cells after 24 h was 58 μM linoleate. However, cell viability was unaffected when 200 μM linoleate was presented to the Caco-2 cells as part of the βlg complex. The Caco-2 cells did not increase mRNA transcript levels of long chain fatty acid transport genes, FATP4 and FABPpm, or increase levels of the cAMP signal, in response to the presence of 50 μM linoleate alone or as part of the βlg complex. Therefore, it is proposed that βlg can act as a molecular carrier and alter the bioaccessibility of linoleate/linoleic acid.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Solène
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Maux
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giblin
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Croguennec
authors.forename: Saïd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouhallab
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brodkorb
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D001682:Biological Availability; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007782:Lactoglobulins; D019787:Linoleic Acid