title: Antimicrobial drug use and macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes, Belgium.
abstract: In Belgium, decreasing macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramins B, and tetracycline use during 1997-2007 correlated significantly with decreasing macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes during 1999-2009. Maintaining drug use below a critical threshold corresponded with low-level macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes and an increased number of erm(A)-harboring emm77 S. pyogenes with low fitness costs.
authors.affiliation: University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Liesbet
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Heirstraeten
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coenen
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lammens
authors.forename: Niel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hens
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.forename: Surbhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malhotra-Kumar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001530:Belgium; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018942:Macrolides; C117866:MefA protein, Streptococcus; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008780:Methyltransferases; C431709:ErmA protein, Bacteria