title: Upregulation of the β-form of 14-3-3 protein in telencephalon of goldfish (Carassius auratus):  its possible role in spatial learning.
abstract: In the present study, we observed variations in the expression pattern of proteins isolated from the telencephalon of goldfish (Carassius auratus). The expression of a 28 kDa protein was elevated in the individuals trained in a spatial task when compared with the untrained individuals. The ∼28 kDa protein was analyzed using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry; further, the data were analyzed using the MASCOT search engine. The analysis showed that the ∼28 kDa protein is a β form of 14-3-3 protein with 35.1% identity. In addition, the semiquantitative PCR confirmed the variation in the expression of 14-3-3 between the trained and the untrained groups. Subsequently, we examined the effect of upregulation of 14-3-3 (β) in the neurotransmitters; that is, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and dopamine (DA). Notably, the level of 5-HT and DA was found to be significantly elevated in the telencephalon of individuals trained in the spatial task than in the untrained individuals. Our results suggest that the spatial learning increases the expression of 14-3-3 (β), which in turn leads to an increase in the level of 5-HT and DA. The upregulated 5-HT and DA may facilitate synapse formation during spatial learning in a novel environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.
authors.forename: Dharaneedharan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Rajkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
authors.forename: Radhakrishnan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karuppasamy
authors.forename: Thanga Leela
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Balasundaram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chellam
authors.forename: Koilmani Emmanuvel
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rajan
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004298:Dopamine / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012701:Serotonin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D012701:Serotonin; D004298:Dopamine