title: Associated factors of blood pressure control and complications of hypertension in hypertensive rural Thai populations of Baan Nayao, Chachoengsao Province.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess associated factors of uncontrolled blood pressure and complications of hypertension in hypertensive rural Thai populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in hypertensive rural Thai people aged > or =35 years-old in Baan Nayao, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Blood pressure (BP) was measured and questionnaires were answered. After 12-hr fasting, blood samples were taken for determining plasma glucose, lipid profiles and serum creatinine. Morning urine samples were collected for microalbuminuria testing and electrocardiography (ECG) was performed to detect left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 289 participants (97 males and 192 females) mean duration of hypertension was 4.29 +/- 4.95 years and 61.5% did not achieve target BP control. Among participants who had ECG performed and urine sample investigation, 15.7% demonstrated LVH and 25.3% had microalbuminuria. In uncontrolled BP participants, 20% had LVH and 24.8% had microalbuminuria whereas in controlled BP participants, 7.8% had LVH and 26.1% had microalbuminuria. Uncontrolled BP was associated with males, dyslipidemia, diabetes, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, always having salty food and salts added for seasoning. The independent risks of uncontrolled BP were hypertensive male (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.07-5.76) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.24-5.40). Males were also at risk for LVH (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.31-6.23) and history of lipid disorders was a risk of microalbuminuria (OR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.47-6.67).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Males and metabolic syndrome were independently associated with uncontrolled BP in hypertensive participants. Males had more risk than females to develop LVH and having history of lipid disorders lead to microalbuminuria occurrence. Thus, life style modification may prove beneficial to these rural hypertensive participants.
authors.affiliation: Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Warakarn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tangjatuporn
authors.forename: Pak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nimitpornsuko
authors.forename: Pornprapa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chindamporn
authors.forename: Praopilad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srisuwarn
authors.forename: Kittiphit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ulit
authors.forename: Khongrat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanpantarat
authors.forename: Chiratha
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tonglua
authors.forename: Preecha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jongstapongpun
authors.forename: Thanthida
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koopitukkajorn
authors.forename: Pitchayapa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pornrattanakavee
authors.forename: Poo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chokteerasawad
authors.forename: Wiriya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Homhol
authors.forename: Supatcha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kengpanich
authors.forename: Sopon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baisopon
authors.forename: Natta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salyakhamthorn
authors.forename: Prajej
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruangkanchanasetr
authors.forename: Preecha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Uerojanaungkul
authors.forename: Thoranis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chantrarat
authors.forename: Wirote
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Areekul
authors.forename: Suthee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panichkul
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rangsin
authors.forename: Ampha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suthijumroon
authors.forename: Panadda
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hatthachote
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D003404:Creatinine