title: Secreted factors from human mast cells trigger inflammatory cytokine production by human airway smooth muscle cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A notable feature of allergic asthma is the infiltration of mast cells into smooth muscle in the human airway. Thus, mast cells and human airway smooth muscle (hASM) cells are likely to exhibit mutual functional modulation via direct cell-cell contact or through released factors. This study examined mast cell modulation of hASM cell cytokine release.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mast cell line HMCα was used to model mast cell function. hASM cells were either co-cultured directly with resting or IgE/antigen-stimulated HMCα cells or treated with HMCα-conditioned media to examine the impact on cytokine release. The activation pathways triggered in hASM cells by the mast cell-derived factors were examined through the use of selective inhibitors and by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HMCα cells, or their conditioned media, induced the expression of cytokines (IL-8 and IL-6) by hASM cells at both the mRNA and the protein level. Cytokine expression in hASM cells was greatly amplified when HMCα cells were IgE/antigen-activated. The effects of the conditioned media were not mediated by the chemokines MCP-1 and MIP-1α or by exosomes. While the mast cell-derived factor(s) increased p38(MAPK) phosphorylation in hASM cells, cytokine production was not inhibited by the p38(MAPK) inhibitor SB203580. hASM cell production of IL-8 induced by HMCα condition media but not IL-6 was, however, attenuated by the Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that the release of soluble mediators by activated mast cells can stimulate hASM cells to elicit production of proinflammatory cytokines that may then exacerbate airway inflammation in asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Mackay
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D055354:Exosomes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: C412373:AG 1879; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D007093:Imidazoles; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D011725:Pyridines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011961:Receptors, Fc; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580