title: [Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP): physiological and pathological roles].
abstract: PARPs are a large family of 18 enzymes found in most eukaryotes. PARP-1, the most abundant isoform, is activated by DNA breaks and catalyzes the post-translational modification of proteins. It forms polymers ofADP-ribose and attaches them to acceptor proteins, including histones, DNA repair proteins, transcription factors. PARP-1 is a key enzyme involved in a maintenance of genomic stability. Excessive activation of the enzyme has been shown to contribute to tissue injury and inflammatory disorders. PARP is a key mediator of cell death in oxidative stress, ischemia and DNA damage. It also promotes the activation ofproinflammatory gene expression. Inhibition of PARP-1 provides significant protection in animal models of cardiovascular, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. PARP inhibitors have shown antitumor activity because they compromise ability of cancer cells to repair DNA. PARP-1 is a promising therapeutic target.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Makogon
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Aleksieieva
mesh_terms: D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D007527:Isoenzymes; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases