title: Facilitation and habituation of the startle reflex over the tonically active biceps brachii muscle contralateral to electrical stimuli.
abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to explore the impact of muscle contraction on startle reflex responses after electrical stimuli (single or trains of 3) and to study startle reflex habituation. The electromyogram was recorded over the tonically active biceps brachii muscle in 19 healthy subjects contralateral to electrical stimuli (9-12mA) that were delivered at 1.0 and 0.4Hz over the superficial radial nerve. The muscle contraction level was varied by loading weight on the subject's bent arm (0.0, 1.0 or 1.5kg). Furthermore, short term reflex habituation was investigated using 30 blocks of 5 subsequent stimuli. Startle response amplitudes gained significantly (p<0.05) after (i) train stimuli as compared with single stimuli, during (ii) high versus low levels of muscle contraction, and at (iii) 0.4Hz versus 1.0Hz stimuli. Startle reflex amplitudes decreased significantly by the influence of preceding stimuli (p<0.05). This study provides evidence that the startle reflex can be significantly influenced by weight load, i.e. by volitional influences. Startle reflex investigation over a contracted limb muscle results in a high probability of startle release and thereby improved detection of SR habituation following preceding stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany. Suhireid@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ssuhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alaid
authors.forename: Indu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kornhuber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult