title: Permeation of indomethacin from semisolid preparations through various semipermeable membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the permeation of model drug indomethacin (IND) from various types of gels through several semipermeable membranes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Permeation of IND from gels based on carbomer (CA), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), and polyacrylamid/laureth-7/isoparaffin was performed via diffusion cell method through membranes: shed snake skin, full thickness chicken skin, mucosa of pork small intestine, and cellophane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The least permeation of IND was observed in the case of shed snake skin and full thickness chicken skin. It did not exceed 5.4% of original amount in the preparation after 3 h of measurement regardless the type of gel. In the case of mucosa of pork small intestine and cellophane the permeated amount of IND ranged from 9.4 to 55.4% depending on the type of gelling agent used. There was also quite a significant influence of a gelling agent on the permeation of IND observed. The permeation of IND was highest from CA gel, where it ranged from 0.6 to 52.2% of original amount in the preparation depending on the type of membrane used. Gelling agent inhibiting the permeation the most was HEC, where the permeated amount of IND did not exceed 12.3% regardless the type of membrane used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general the permeated amount of IND through biological membranes containing stratum corneum represented just a small part of the amount in original preparation. Gelling agent has significant effect on the extent and rate of permeation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia. edotichy@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tichý
authors.forename: Marián
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Žabka
authors.forename: Katarína
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Broska
authors.forename: Miroslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Potúčková
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Šimunková
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halenárová
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002476:Cellophane / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002645:Chickens; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D005782:Gels; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010232:Paraffin / Q000737:chemistry; D010539:Permeability; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012911:Snakes; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005079:Excipients; D005782:Gels; C479038:carbomer; C016680:polyacrylamide gels; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D010232:Paraffin; D002482:Cellulose; C002283:hydroxyethylcellulose; D002476:Cellophane; D007213:Indomethacin