title: Volumetric reductions in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in adolescents with bipolar I disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A range of prefrontal and subcortical volumetric abnormalities have been found in adults and adolescents with bipolar disorder. It is unclear, however, if these deficits are present early in the onset of mania or are a consequence of multiple mood episodes or prolonged exposure to medication. The goal of this study was to examine whether youth with bipolar I disorder who recently experienced their first episode of mania are characterized by brain volumetric abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anatomical images from magnetic resonance imaging of 26 13- to 18-year-old adolescents with bipolar I disorder and 24 age-comparable healthy controls with no personal or family history of psychopathology were analyzed using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy controls, adolescents with bipolar I disorder had significantly less gray matter volume in the left subgenual cingulate cortex [p<0.05, family-wise error (FWE)-corrected].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents with a recent single episode of mania have smaller subgenual cingulate cortex volume than do their healthy counterparts, suggesting that this anomaly occurs early in the onset of, or may predate the disorder. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the impact of this volumetric reduction on the course and outcome of this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5719, USA. mksingh@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Manpreet K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Kiki D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ryan G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Myles M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mitsunaga
authors.forename: Layla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bararpour
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: Allan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Gotlib
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size