title: [Risk assessment of lead exposure from different intake pathways for children in Wuhan City].
abstract: 70 sampling points were set in Wuhan City to collect soil, dust, air and food samples. According to the U. S. EPA recommended childhood lead exposure parameters, U. S. EPA human exposure risk assessment method was used to assess the potential health risk of different pathway exposures of children in Wuhan City to lead. The results of calculation show: Wuhan urban children's daily lead exposure is 1.20 x 10(-3) mg x (kg x d)(-1). The digestive tract is the main way for children's exposure to lead, with the exposure of 1.04 x 10(-3) mg x (kg x d)(-1), followed by the respiratory route and dermal absorption route, the exposures were 0.153 x 10(-3) mg x (kg x d)(-1) and 8.56 x 10(-7) mg x (kg x d)(-1) respectively. Pathways of the digestive tract, ingestion of soil or dust lead exposure accounted for 52.0% of the total exposure, through the digestive tract of soil or dust ingestion is the main route of exposure. Monte-Carlo method was used to simulate the pathway in the digestive tract, the amount of lead exposure through ingestion of soil was 2. 48 x 10(-2) mg x d(-1). The probability that exceeded the PTDI (Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake) specified by JECFA (The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) was 2.1%. The results of the risk assessment indicate that lead exposure risks from the digestive tract, respiratory tract, skin absorption are less than the maximum acceptable risk level 5.0 x 10(-5) respectively and the risk associated with skin absorption of lead is less than the negligible risk level 1 x 10(-8). Application of Kriging interpolation method, Wuhan City children lead exposure value on spatial distribution were obtained, and Qingshan district and Jiangan district have a high level of children lead exposure. The aggregate risk index of Wuhan City children lead exposure was yield by using the indicator Kriging.
authors.affiliation: Resources and Environment College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China. haohz110@163.com
authors.forename: Han-Zhou
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Tong-Bin
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ji-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Wen-Pu
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Zu
authors.forename: Xue-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead; D008297:Male; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D018570:Risk Assessment; D062206:Spatial Analysis
chemical_list: D007854:Lead