title: US Military contributions to the global response to pandemic chikungunya.
abstract: Chikungunya virus, transmitted by mosquitoes to man, causes an acute illness characterized by fever, rash and striking joint symptoms. US Military investigators developed, manufactured at The Salk Institute-Government Services Division (TSI-GSD), and tested the live, attenuated Chikungunya Vaccine TSI-GSD-218. The manufacturing facility stopped production in 1994. The Chikungunya Vaccine TSI-GSD-218 development effort was terminated in 1998, and materials were archived. In 2005, an alarming outbreak of chikungunya disease began in Africa and spread to islands in the Indian Ocean and throughout much of Asia. Abrupt epidemics with high attack rates and serious, even fatal, complications were reported, and travelers carried the virus to Europe and the Americas. In response to urgent requests, the US Military offered assistance by providing non-exclusive access to the previously stored vaccine production seed materials, bulk vaccine, regulatory documentation, and reports of previous clinical trials. Five companies requested technology transfers. This experience provides lessons about epidemiological unpredictability, preparedness, vaccine manufacturing, the potential global importance of vaccine seed materials and the advisability of a global strategic plan. Consideration should be given to banking of vaccine production seeds, cell substrates, and manufacturing instructions. In view of the manufacturability, attenuation, and immunogenicity of Chikungunya Vaccine TSI-GSD-218, authorities may wish to consider this product as a possible candidate itself, as a comparator vaccine to improve upon, as a seed for inactivated vaccine, or as a source of virus or antigen for neutralization assays or immunoassays.
authors.affiliation: US Army Medical Materiel Development Activity (USAMMDA), 1430 Veteran's Drive, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA. choke68432@aol.com
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hoke
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pace-Templeton
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pittman
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Malinoski
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ulderich
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fogtman
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Vaughn
mesh_terms: D018354:Alphavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D065632:Chikungunya Fever; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004630:Emergencies; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008889:Military Personnel; D058873:Pandemics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018581:Technology Transfer; D014481:United States; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines