title: Zinc networks: the cell-specific compartmentalization of zinc for specialized functions.
abstract: Zinc (Zn2+) is the most abundant trace element in cells and is essential for a vast number of catalytic, structural, and regulatory processes. Mounting evidence indicates that like calcium (Ca2+), intracellular Zn2+ pools are redistributed for specific cellular functions. This occurs through the regulation of 24 Zn2+ transporters whose localization and expression is tissue and cell specific. We propose that the complement and regulation of Zn2+ transporters expressed within a given cell type reflects the function of the cell itself and comprises a 'Zn2+ network.' Importantly, increasing information implicates perturbations in the Zn2+ network with metabolic consequences and disease. Herein, we discuss our current understanding of Zn2+ transporters from the perspective of a Zn2+ network in four specific tissues with unique Zn2+ requirements (mammary gland, prostate, pancreas, and brain). Delineating the entire Zn2+ transporting network within the context of unique cellular Zn2+ needs is important in identifying critical gaps in our knowledge and improving our understanding of the consequences of Zn2+ dysregulation in human health and disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hennigar
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kelleher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D006801:Humans; D009928:Organ Specificity; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015032:Zinc