title: Inflammatory and bone regulators expression in murine macrophages under exposure of commercial and experimental mineral trioxide aggregate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used in a variety of surgical and non-surgical endodontic applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression and protein production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the gene expression of RANKL and OPG using both commercial and experimental MTA in macrophage cell cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peritoneal macrophage cell culture was performed. Viability, gene expression of cytokines, RANKL and OPG, and protein levels in experimental- and commercial-grey MTA co-cultured with peritoneal macrophages was determined by tryptan blue, real time PCR and ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of TNF-α for both commercial and experimental MTA was higher, while the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was similar when compared to the negative control. At protein expression level, no differences were observed between the negative control and cements. RANKL did not show a significant improvement in gene expression when compared with the negative control, but OPG expression in cement samples was higher when compared to the negative control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that commercial and experimental MTA promotes anti-inflammatory processes, as well as bone healing capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. obando@unicamp.br
authors.forename: G Obando
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Pereda
authors.forename: A C Cornejo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Fudinaga
authors.forename: H Salas
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Beltrán
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Peroni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stach-Machado
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000235:genetics*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010087:Oxides; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate