title: Xenorhabdus ishibashii sp. nov., isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema aciari.
abstract: Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Xenorhabdus exhibit a mutualistic association with steinernematid entomopathogenic nematodes and a pathogenic relationship with insects. Here we describe two isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema aciari collected from China and Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates obtained from S. aciari belonged to the genus Xenorhabdus. Multilocus sequence analysis based on five universal protein-coding gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to Xenorhabdus ehlersii DSM 16337(T) and Xenorhabdus griffiniae ID10(T) but that they exhibited <97 % sequence similarity with these reference strains, which indicated that the isolates were distinct from previously described species. Based on these genetic differences and several differential phenotypic traits, we propose that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Xenorhabdus, for which we propose the name Xenorhabdus ishibashii sp. nov. The type strain is GDh7(T) ( = DSM 22670(T)  = CGMCC 1.9166(T)).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryusei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuwata
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Li-Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Agro-Environment Research Division, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, 2421 Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Mutsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Eizo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshiga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002681:China; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017168:Rhabditida / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D020593:Xenorhabdus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S