title: Economic and social changes among distressed family caregivers of lung cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although costs of lung cancer care have been documented, economic and social changes among lung cancer patients' family caregivers have yet to be fully examined. In addition, research has not focused on caregivers with greater need for support services. This study examined various economic and social changes among distressed family caregivers of lung cancer patients during the initial months of cancer care in the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung cancer patients' primary family caregivers with significant anxiety or depressive symptoms were recruited from three medical centers within 12 weeks of the patient's new oncology visit. Caregivers (N = 83) reported demographic and medical information and caregiving burden at baseline. Seventy-four caregivers reported anxiety and depressive symptoms and economic and social changes 3 months later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-four percent of distressed caregivers experienced one or more adverse economic or social changes since the patient's illness. Common changes included caregivers' disengagement from most social and leisure activities (56%) and, among employed caregivers (n = 49), reduced hours of work (45%). In 18% of cases, a family member quit work or made another major lifestyle change due to caregiving. Additionally, 28% of caregivers reported losing the main source of family income, and 18% reported losing most or all of the family savings. Loss of the main source of family income and disengagement from most social and leisure activities predicted greater caregiver distress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that distressed caregivers of lung cancer patients experience high rates of adverse economic and social changes that warrant clinical and research attention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. cemosher@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Catherine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mosher
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Azzoli
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Shadia I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Jalal
authors.forename: Achilles J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fakiris
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Birdas
authors.forename: Ikenna C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Okereke
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kesler
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Einhorn
authors.forename: Patrick O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Monahan
authors.forename: Jamie S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ostroff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States