title: Korea National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in the human body 2008: 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, and cotinine in urine of the Korean population.
abstract: The Korea National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in the human body conducts representative Korean population studies, which were first initiated in 2005 in Korea. This study was conducted from 2008 to 2009 to determine the exposure levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nicotine in the Korean general population. The study population consisted of 4702 adult subjects from 196 sampling locations including coastal, rural, and urban areas. The urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, and cotinine were measured for exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nicotine. The geometric means of the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol and cotinine concentrations in the Korean general population were 0.15 μg/L (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.17), 3.84 μg/L (95% CI: 3.57-4.11) and 47.42 μg/L (95% CI: 40.52-54.32) respectively. When these values were compared with reference ranges for the United States and Germany, the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, and cotinine were very similar for Korea and Germany, however, these levels were slightly lower in the United States. This study is the first nationwide survey of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nicotine in Korea and provides a background reference range for exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nicotine in the Korean general population.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Donggeun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sul
authors.forename: Ryoungme
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Hosub
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Eunha
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jae Hyoun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Gyoung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: PanGyi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyoung-Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won Yeul
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bu Soon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Daeyewn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Ae-Sug
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Wonho
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Seung-Do
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Kyoung-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kee Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sun-dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Wha
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chae Kwan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bong-Ki
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Kyungho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Don-Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Moon-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Jin Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009284:Naphthols / Q000652:urine*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012907:Smoking / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009284:Naphthols; D011721:Pyrenes; D003367:Cotinine; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene; C028405:2-naphthol