title: Self-awareness and health-related quality of life after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relations among self-awareness (SA), impaired SA, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-one adults hospitalized with TBI and their significant others from a cross-sectional multicenter study. Using Glasgow Coma Scale classification, 32 participants had severe injuries, 29 moderate, 44 mild, and 25 complicated mild TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient Competency Rating Scale for Neurorehabilitation; Short Form-36 Health Survey; Cognitive Quality of Life; Quality Of Life after Brain Injury; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Profile of Mood States; Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient Competency Rating Scale for Neurorehabilitation ratings made by participants and their significant others were used to assess SA and discrepancies between the 2 ratings were used to define impaired SA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant associations were identified between SA and HRQOL, anxiety, depression, and severity of injury. Participants with and without impaired SA differed in cognitive HRQOL and leisure activities. Using multiple regression, no direct predictors of SA were identified, although interaction effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After TBI, lower SA is associated with higher estimates of HRQOL, particularly in the cognitive domain. Although the associations are modest, the assessment of SA should play a role in the interpretation of reported HRQOL after TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology (Ms Sasse, Drs Gibbons, and von Steinbüchel), Neurosurgery (Dr Martinez-Olivera), and Neurology (Dr Schmidt), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom (Dr Wilson); German Institute for International Educational Research DIPF, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Dr Hasselhorn); and KvW Neuroscience Consulting, Münster, Germany (Dr von Wild).
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasse
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martinez-Olivera
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasselhorn
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: von Wild
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: von Steinbüchel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D001364:Awareness; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires