title: Effect of health education about cervical cancer and papanicolaou testing on the behavior, knowledge, and beliefs of Turkish women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical cancer is the second most common form of cancer observed among women in Turkey. The participation of women in cervical cancer screening programs is strongly affected by Turkish attitudes, beliefs, and sociocultural structure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of health education that aimed to raise awareness about Papanicolaou testing and to emphasize the importance of the early diagnosis of cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, controlled trial and was carried out in 148 women. Seventy-five women in the control group were asked to fill out questionnaire forms. A 45-minute conference-style training was given to 73 women in the study group, and all of the subjects were asked to fill out the forms after the training. The sociodemographic characteristics of the 2 groups and the mean "Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test" scores of the 2 groups were statistically analyzed by Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), version 15.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference noticed between the sociodemographic characteristics of the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The difference in test scores, which represented knowledge about cervical cancer and Papanicolaou testing, was statistically significant between the control group and the study group (t = 10.122, P < 0.05). In the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test, there were statistically significant differences in the following measures: lower levels of susceptibility to cervical cancer score (t = -2.035, P < 0.05), lower levels of perceived benefit from a Papanicolaou test score (t = 3.278, P < 0.05) and lower levels of perceived barriers to Papanicolaou test score (t = -3.182, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses should be involved in educating women about cervical cancer and Papanicolaou testing. By doing so, they can change the attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs of the women.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. hbebis@gata.edu.tr
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bebis
authors.forename: Nesrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Tulay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yavan
authors.forename: Damla
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bayrak
authors.forename: Ayşe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bodur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003469:Culture; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate; D014421:Turkey; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D055815:Young Adult