title: In vitro antilisterial properties of crude methanol extracts of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds.
abstract: Crude methanol extracts of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds were screened for their antilisterial activities against 42 Listeria bacteria isolated from wastewater effluents. The extract had activity against 45% of the test bacteria and achieved minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging between 0.157 and 0.625 mg/mL. The rate of kill of the extract was determined against four representative Listeria species in the study, and the results showed that the highest percentage of bacteria cells were killed after the maximum exposure time of 2 h at the highest concentration of 4 × MIC value, with the maximum number of bacteria cells killed being for L. ivanovii (LEL 30) 100%, L. monocytogenes (LAL 8) 94.686%, L. ivanovii (LEL 18) 60.330%, and L. grayi (LAL 15) 56.071% We therefore conclude that the nature of inhibition of the crude methanol extracts of Garcinia kola seeds can be either bactericidal or bacteriostatic depending on the target Listeria species and can also differ among same species as evidenced by L. ivanovii strains LEL 30 and LEL 18.
authors.affiliation: Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
authors.forename: Dambudzo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Penduka
authors.forename: Anthony I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Okoh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D029763:Garcinia kola / Q000737:chemistry*; D008087:Listeria / Q000187:drug effects*; D000432:Methanol; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000432:Methanol; D010936:Plant Extracts; D062065:Wastewater