title: Investigations into mild electric foot shock stress-induced cognitive enhancement: possible role of angiotensin neuropeptides.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the role of angiotensin neuropeptides in mild electric foot shock stress-induced cognitive enhancement in mice. Mild stress was induced by applying mild electric foot shocks of 0.15 mA intensity for 0.5 s. The stress-induced alteration in cognition was assessed using a Morris water maze test. The animals were subjected to mild electric foot shocks 5 min before we recorded escape latency time (ELT), an index of learning, during the first 4 days of a 5-day trial in the Morris water maze. The time spent in target quadrant (TSTQ), an index of retrieval, was noted on the fifth day without prior administration of electric foot shock. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), and telmisartan (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg), an angiotensin II receptor blocker, were employed to assess the role of angiotensin neuropeptides. The application of mild electric shocks significantly decreased ELT and increased TSTQ, indicating enhancement in stress-induced learning and memory. However, administration of lisinopril and telmisartan significantly attenuated the stress-induced decrease in ELT and increase in TSTQ. It may be concluded that mild electric foot shock-induced stress triggers the release of angiotensin neuropeptides that may be responsible for memory enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India.
authors.forename: Anjana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bali
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Amteshwar Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jaggi
mesh_terms: D000809:Angiotensins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D024803:Biomedical Enhancement; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004597:Electroshock; D005528:Foot; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000494:pharmacology; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D000077333:Telmisartan; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000809:Angiotensins; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D017706:Lisinopril; D000077333:Telmisartan