title: Effect of systemic steroids on post-tonsillectomy bleeding and reinterventions: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk of postoperative bleeding and reintervention with the use of systemic steroids in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Intute, Biosis, OpenSIGLE, National Technical Information Service, and Google Scholar were searched. References from reviews identified in the search and from included studies were scanned.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials comparing the administration of systemic steroids during tonsillectomy with any other comparator were eligible. Primary outcome was postoperative bleeding. Secondary outcomes were the rate of admission for a bleeding episode, reintervention for a bleeding episode, blood transfusion, and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1387 citations identified, 29 randomised controlled trials (n=2674) met all eligibility criteria. Seven studies presented a low risk of bias, but none was specifically designed to systematically identify postoperative bleeding. Administration of systemic steroids did not significantly increase the incidence of post-tonsillectomy bleeding (29 studies, n=2674 patients, odds ratio 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.66 to 1.40), I&sup2;=0%). We observed a significant increase in the incidence of operative reinterventions for bleeding episodes in patients who received systemic steroids (12, n=1178, 2.27 (1.03 to 4.99), I&sup2;=0%). No deaths were reported. Sensitivity analyses were consistent with the findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although systemic steroids do not appear to increase bleeding events after tonsillectomy, their use is associated with a raised incidence of operative reinterventions for bleeding episodes, which may be related to increased severity of bleeding events. Systemic steroids should be used with caution, and the risks and benefits weighed, for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after tonsillectomy before further research is performed to clarify their condition of use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec, Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec City, QC, Canada G1J 1Z4.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.forename: Alexis F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Turgeon
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zarychanski
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lauzier
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vigneault
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boutin
authors.forename: Dean A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fergusson
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones