title: Clinical effectiveness and sensitivity with overnight use of 22% carbamide peroxide gel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical effectiveness, color rebound and sensitivity of 22% carbamide peroxide (CP) with 3% potassium nitrate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one participants were enrolled and treated overnight for 2 weeks with 22% CP (Venus White, Heraeus Kulzer). Visual color measurement was performed and expressed in shade guide units (SGU) of Vita Classical (VC) and Vita Bleachedguide 3D Master (BG) shade guides. Instrumental color measurements were performed using an intraoral spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade Compact, EC). Color measurements were taken on a canine and central incisor at baseline, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Participants documented sensitivity and data were analysed with Wilcoxon and Bonferroni correction at the 0.05 level of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean BG SGU difference immediately, 1 and 2 weeks postbleaching compared to baseline was 4.9 (2.1), 4.5 (2.2) and 4.6 (2.0), respectively. Corresponding VC values were 7.0 (3.5), 6.4 (3.3) and 6.5 (3.4), while corresponding ΔE* values were 8.3 (4.1), 8.1 (4.0) and 7.9 (3.5). For visual shade evaluation there was a significant decrease in SGU from baseline and each subsequent week, p<0.001. There was no difference between week 3 and week 4 using VC or BG. For instrumental color measurements, there was no difference from week 2 to week 3 for canines and generally no difference between week 3 and week 4 for incisors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visual and instrumental evaluation showed rebound occurred 1 week postbleaching with 22% carbamide peroxide and 3% potassium nitrate. In general, color was stable at 2 weeks postbleaching. Participants reported low sensitivity levels with a mean value of below 2 on a 0-10 scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates efficacy with overnight usage of 22% carbamide peroxide with 3% potassium nitrate and demonstrates postbleaching color is stable at two weeks with low tooth sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, The University of Texas School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA. Joe.C.Ontiveros@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Joe C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ontiveros
authors.forename: Magda S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Eldiwany
authors.forename: Rade
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paravina
mesh_terms: D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D003481:Cuspid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D057133:Dentin Desensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003807:Dentin Sensitivity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010545:Peroxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring / Q000295:instrumentation; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D057133:Dentin Desensitizing Agents; D005782:Gels; D009566:Nitrates; D010545:Peroxides; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; C023844:potassium nitrate