title: Vitamin D status and oxidative stress markers in the elderly with impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D deficiency has been identified in the elderly as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease development, possibly through its association with other risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the vitamin D status in elderly subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or T2DM, and to examine its relationships to systemic oxidative stress and biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), low-density lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation (oxLDL) and nitric oxide metabolic pathway products (NOx) were analyzed in elderly subjects with IFG (n=30) and T2DM (n=35) compared with aged-matched controls (n=25).
  
  
  RESULTS
  25(OH)D levels in the IFG and T2DM groups were significantly lower than in controls (31.9±1.9 and 28.5±1.9 vs 39.4±2.4 ng/mL, p<0.001), and associated with significantly (p<0.001) higher levels of the oxidative stress parameters AGEs, AOPPs, oxLDL and NOx. Hypovitaminosis D [25(OH)D)<30 ng/ml] markedly enhanced the oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk in hyperglycemic subjects compared with sufficient vitamin D [25(OH)D)≥30 ng/mL] status subjects. In subjects with IFG and T2DM (n=65), the vitamin D status was significantly inversely correlated both with oxLDL (r=-0.413, p=0.001) and AOPPs (r=-0.475, p<0.001), and strongly positively associated with highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.609, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the elderly with impaired glucose metabolism the vitamin D status is inversely associated with levels of circulating markers of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, especially in subjects with hypovitaminosis D.
authors.affiliation: Ana Aslan National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Bucharest, Romania. danielagrdnr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gradinaru
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borsa
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ionescu
authors.forename: Denisa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Margina
authors.forename: Gabriel I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Prada
authors.forename: Eugène
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D044882:Glucose Metabolism Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D