title: Novel automated screening of age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the objective and quantitative hyperspectral parameters for distinguishing between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and a normal macula.
  
  
  METHODS
  Near-infrared hyperspectral images were taken of 71 eyes of 62 AMD patients with exudative AMD and 21 eyes of 12 control subjects without AMD. The spatial information included a 480 × 321-pixel image in a 50° field located at the ocular fundus and a 720-950-nm-per-pixel reflectance spectrum. Macular vectors were determined as the average spectrum for each macula, and reference vectors were used as average macular vectors for healthy volunteers. Variations in vector length and angle were calculated based on comparison with the reference vector. The AMD differentiation index was a parameter that minimized the plot overlap between AMD patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences between the AMD patients and controls were noted. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.888. The appropriate threshold values were attained for the proposed discrimination index, including 68 % sensitivity, 95 % specificity and 74 % accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study presents a simplified diagnostic index for the determination of age-related macular degeneration based on near-infrared spectra.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kemma
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sota
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D012372:ROC Curve; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green