title: SAMHD1: a novel antiviral factor in intrinsic immunity.
abstract: Some intracellular/membranous factors exert intrinsic immunity against viral pathogens. Most recently, SAMHD1 has been shown to be one of these factors. SAMHD1 is a nucleus-localized protein, and mutations in the gene are associated with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. As a triphosphohydrolase, it depletes the intracellular pool of dNTPs in myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, to a low level that establishes a precursor-deficient environment for the synthesis of lentiviral cDNA, thereby restricting viral replication in these host cells. However, some viruses evolve Vpx to recruit SAMHD1 onto the CRL4(DCAF1) E3 ubiquitin ligase in the cytoplasm for proteasome-dependent degradation, by which these viruses relieve SAMHD1-mediated restriction of primate lentivirus infection. In this review, we describe the latest knowledge of SAMHD1 biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
authors.forename: Zhangming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Linjie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Songcheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ying
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000076106:SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; C513059:VPX protein, Simian immunodeficiency virus; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D000076106:SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1; C484280:SAMHD1 protein, human; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins