title: Mucin 5 subtype AC expression and upregulation in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the functions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in mucin hypersecretion in allergic rhinitis (AR), we examined the in vivo effects of an NF-κB inhibitor, ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), on mucin 5 subtype AC (MUC5AC) expression in the nasal mucosa of ovalbumin-sensitized rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into a control group (group A), an AR model group (group B), and an AR model treated with an NF-κB inhibitor (group C). Rats in groups B and C were sensitized systemically and locally by ovalbumin injection and inhalation, whereas group A was treated with normal saline in place of ovalbumin. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (100 mg/kg/d) was given to group C by intraperitoneal injection for 5 days. NF-κBp65, MUC5AC, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NF-κB was activated in group B, and significant NF-κBp65 protein was expressed in the nucleus of cells from the nasal mucosa, resulting in upregulated transcription from TNF-α and IL-6 genes, as well as increased contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in the nasal lavage fluids. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibited nuclear localization of NF-κBp65 and subsequent downregulation of the transcription and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. MUC5AC was upregulated in group B but reduced in a time-dependent manner after inhibition of NF-κB activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NF-κB activation might induce MUC5AC hypersecretion in AR rats by inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province, China. wwwhbqh@163.com
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D055271:Mucin 5AC / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D055271:Mucin 5AC; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; D010047:Ovalbumin