title: Determination of flavanol and procyanidin (by degree of polymerization 1-10) content of chocolate, cocoa liquors, powder(s), and cocoa flavanol extracts by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography: collaborative study.
abstract: An international collaborative study was conducted on an HPLC method with fluorescent detection (FLD) for the determination of flavanols and procyanidins in materials containing chocolate and cocoa. The sum of the oligomeric fractions with degree of polymerization 1-10 was the determined content value. Sample materials included dark and milk chocolates, cocoa powder, cocoa liquors, and cocoa extracts. The content ranged from approximately 2 to 500 mg/g (defatted basis). Thirteen laboratories representing commercial, industrial, and academic institutions in six countries participated in the study. Fourteen samples were sent as blind duplicates to the collaborators. Results from 12 laboratories yielded repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values that were below 10% for all materials analyzed, ranging from 4.17 to 9.61%. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSD(R)) values ranged from 5.03 to 12.9% for samples containing 8.07 to 484.7 mg/g. In one sample containing a low content of flavanols and procyanidins (approximately 2 mg/g), the RSD(R) was 17.68%. Based on these results, the method is recommended for Official First Action for the determination of flavanols and procyanidins in chocolate, cocoa liquors, powder(s), and cocoa extracts.
authors.affiliation: Mars Chocolate North America, Analytical and Applied Sciences Group, Mars, Inc., 800 High St, Hackettstown, NJ 07840, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leonczak
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J Christopher
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwik-Uribe
authors.forename: Harold H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D002099:Cacao / Q000378:metabolism*; D002392:Catechin / Q000032:analysis*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D007391:International Cooperation; D007753:Laboratories; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008956:Models, Chemical; D058105:Polymerization; D011208:Powders / Q000032:analysis; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D044946:Biflavonoids; D044950:Flavanones; D008055:Lipids; D011208:Powders; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C017674:procyanidin; D002392:Catechin