title: Neocellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass-coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds.
abstract: In this study, the in vivo recellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass (n-BG)-coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds were studied in a rat model and quantified using stereological analyses. Based on the highest amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by human fibroblasts grown on n-BG coatings (0-1.245 mg/cm(2)), decellularized trabecular bone samples (porosity: 43-81%) were coated with n-BG particles. Grown on n-BG particles at a coating density of 0.263 mg/cm(2), human fibroblasts produced 4.3 times more VEGF than on uncoated controls. After 8 weeks of implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats, both uncoated and n-BG-coated samples were well infiltrated with newly formed tissue (47-48%) and blood vessels (3-4%). No significant differences were found in cellularization and vascularization between uncoated bone scaffolds and n-BG-coated scaffolds. This finding indicates that the decellularized bone itself may exhibit growth-promoting properties induced by the highly interconnected pore microarchitecture and/or proteins left behind on decellularized scaffolds. Even if we did not find proangiogenic effects in n-BG-coated bone scaffolds, a bioactive coating is considered to be beneficial to impart osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties to decellularized bone. n-BG-coated bone grafts have thus high clinical potential for the regeneration of complex tissue defects given their ability for recellularization and neovascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: L-C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gerhardt
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Widdows
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nandakumar
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Roqan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Boccaccini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D005269:Femur / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013552:Swine; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A