title: Identification of Baiying (Herba Solani Lyrati) commodity and its toxic substitute Xungufeng (Herba Aristolochiae Mollissimae) using DNA barcoding and chemical profiling techniques.
abstract: Baiying derived from Solanum lyratum Hance is a commonly consumed natural product for ethnomedical treatment of cancer. One of the substitutes present in the market is a carcinogenic aristolochic acids-containing herb Xungufeng derived from Aristolochia mollissima Thunb. The purpose of this study is to establish DNA barcodes, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and cytotoxicity assay to differentiate Baiying from Xungufeng. A total of 30 DNA sequences from five DNA barcodes (ITS, matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA and trnL-trnF) were generated to differentiate S. lyratum from A. mollissima and authenticate ten samples of Baiying and Xungufeng commodities. Using aristolochic acids as standard markers, TLC and HPLC analyses also successfully authenticated these commodities. In vitro cytotoxicity assay using HEK-293 and Vero cells demonstrated that Xungufeng was significantly more toxic than Baiying. This is the first study applying an integrated molecular, chemical and biological approach to differentiate traditional Chinese medicine from Aristolochia adulterant.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ka-Yee
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ren-Wang
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Paul Pui-Hay
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: But
authors.forename: Pang-Chui
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030022:Aristolochia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011786:Quality Control; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010940:Plant Proteins