title: Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis--a baseline survey in central India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study provides an estimate of the prevalence of bacteriologially positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Jabalpur, a district in central India.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A community based cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Jabalpur District of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. A stratified cluster sampling design was adopted to select the sample. All eligible individuals were questioned for pulmonary symptoms suggestive of TB disease. Two sputum samples were collected from all eligible individuals and were examined by Ziehl-Neelsen smear microscopy and solid media culture methods. Of the 99,918 individuals eligible for screening, 95,071 (95.1%) individuals were screened. Of these, 7,916 (8.3%) were found to have symptoms and sputum was collected from 7,533 (95.2%) individuals. Overall prevalence of bacteriologically positive PTB was found to be 255.3 per 100,000 population (95% C.I: 195.3-315.4). Prevalence was significantly higher (p<0.001) amongst males (355.8; 95% C.I: 304.4-413.4) compared with females (109.0; 95% C.I: 81.2-143.3). Prevalence was also significantly higher in rural areas (348.9; 95% C.I: 292.6-412.8) as compared to the urban (153.9; 95% C.I: 123.2-190.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TB situation in Jabalpur district, central India, is observed to be comparable to the TB situation at the national level (255.3 versus 249). There is however, a need to maintain and further strengthen TB control measures on a sustained and long term basis in the area to have a significant impact on the disease prevalence in the community.
authors.affiliation: Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. drvgrao@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Vikas G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Jyothi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Gopi Punnathanathu
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.forename: Selvakumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagamiah
authors.forename: Manoj Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bhondeley
authors.forename: Sharada M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Anjinappa
authors.forename: Jitendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramchandra
authors.forename: Vineet K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Chadha
authors.forename: Fraser
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wares
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health; D012107:Research Design; D012424:Rural Population; D013183:Sputum; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014505:Urban Population