title: Distinctive effects of nano-sized permethrin in the environment.
abstract: Pesticides are an essential tool in integrated pest management. Nanopermethrin was prepared by solvent evaporation from an oil-in-water volatile microemulsion. The efficacy of the formulated nanopermethrin was tested against Aedes aegypti and the results compared to those of regular, microparticular permethrin. The 24 h LC50 for nanopermethrin and permethrin was found to be 0.0063 and 0.0199 mg/L, respectively. The formulated nanopermethrin was tested for toxicity against non-target organisms. Nanopermethrin did not show antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 13534 and 25922) or against Bacillus subtilis. Phytotoxicity studies of nanopermethrin to the seeds of Lycopersicum esculentum, Cucumis sativus, and Zea mays showed no restraint in root length and germination percentage. In the Allium cepa test, regular microparticular permethrin treatment of 0.13 mg/L showed a mitotic index (MI) of 46.8% and chromosomal aberration of 0.6%, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05) compared to control. No significant differences were observed in 0.13 mg/L nanopermethrin exposure as compared to control (MI of 52.0 and 55.03 % and chromosomal aberration of 0.2 and 0%, respectively). It was concluded that formulated nanopermethrin can be used as a safe and effectual alternative to commercially available permethrin formulation in agricultural practices.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Suresh Kumar
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shiny
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Anjali
authors.forename: Jayakumar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jerobin
authors.forename: Katrin Margulis
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Goshen
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magdassi
authors.forename: Amitava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008940:Mitotic Index; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D019697:Onions / Q000187:drug effects; D026023:Permethrin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D026023:Permethrin