title: New agonist- and antagonist-based treatment approaches for advanced prostate cancer.
abstract: Increased understanding of prostate cancer biology has led to new treatment strategies and promising new agents for treating prostate cancer, in particular peptide-based agonists and antagonists. In this review article, new therapy modalities and potential approaches for the treatment  of advanced prostate cancer are discussed, including agonists and antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, antagonists of bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide, and growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin analogues. Though the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer  is much improved by some of these treatment approaches, including combination treatment methods, extensive side-effects are still reported. These include sexual dysfunction, functional lesions of the liver and renal system, osteoporosis, anaemia and diarrhoea. Future studies should focus on  new treatment agents and treatment approaches that can eliminate side-effects and improve quality of life in patients with prostate cancer on the basis of potent treatment efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001839:Bombesin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015282:Octreotide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017337:Sermorelin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; C532996:MZ-J-7-138; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C431566:acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide; C071363:bombesin (6-14), Tpi(6)-Leu(13)-psi(CH2NH)-Leu(14)-; D017337:Sermorelin; D016729:Leuprolide; D001839:Bombesin; D015282:Octreotide