title: Insulin resistance as one of indicators for metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in Indonesian elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to obtain factors that are associated with insulin resistance in Indonesian elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  a cross sectional study was conducted at the Geriatric Outpatient Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hopital in 172 elderly patients. Data on subject characteristics (age and sex), body mass index, total body fat, peripheral subcutaneous fat, trunk subcutaneous fat, waist circumference, carbohydrate and fiber intake, physical activity, and 25(OH)D concentration were collected. Sample size was calculated in accordance with the formula of sample size on hypothesis testing for difference of two proportions and hypothesis testing for difference of mean of two independent groups. Significance level of 95% and power of 80% were used. Chi-square analysis and independent t-test were performed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to recognize the most affecting variables for insulin resistance. P<0.05 was considered as the significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  we found that the prevalence of insulin resistance among elderly in our study was 25%. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant association of age and body mass index with insulin resistance in elderly. There were also significant differences of mean on fat mass, fat mass (%), waist circumference, peripheral subcutaneous fat, trunk subcutaneous fat, which were significantly higher in insulin-resistance group compared to the non-insulin resistance group. Results of multivariate analysis demonstrated that only several factors were correlated to insulin resistance in elderly, that were peripheral subcutaneous fat (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.05-1.15) and trunk subcutaneous fat (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87-0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  peripheral subcutaneous fat and trunk subcutaneous fat are associated with insulin resistance in elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia. aryaipd@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Arya G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Roosheroe
authors.forename: Siti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Setiati
authors.forename: Rahmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Istanti
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D055105:Waist Circumference