title: Green tomato extract attenuates high-fat-diet-induced obesity through activation of the AMPK pathway in C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: Obesity is a risk factor for numerous metabolic disorders. Recently, natural compounds that may be beneficial for improving obesity have received increasing attention. In this study, we investigated whether red and green tomato extracts attenuate high-fat-diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. The mice were maintained on a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and then fed ND, HFD, HFD plus 2% red tomato extract (RTE) or HFD plus 2% green tomato extract (GTE) for 13 weeks. The weekly food intakes among the groups were not significantly different. Body weight of mice fed HFD plus GTE was significantly decreased to the level of mice fed ND, but the body weight was only slightly reduced in mice fed HFD plus RTE. Epididymal adipose tissue and liver weights were significantly decreased in mice fed HFD plus GTE compared to those in HFD. Serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in mice fed GTE were modestly reduced, and liver total cholesterol level was strongly decreased in HFD plus GTE-fed mice compared to that in HFD-fed mice. Adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation in liver from HFD plus GTE-fed mice was significantly elevated, and HMG-CoA reductase expression was also significantly decreased. GTE strongly decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and perilipin in the adipose tissue of mice fed HFD plus GTE. Our results indicate that the antiobesity effects of GTE may be associated with activation of the AMPK pathway.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyeong-Mi
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Youn-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Mi
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Seunghyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kwang-Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Mi Kyeong
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae-Hak
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sun Yeou
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Moon
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin-Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Yeo-Pyo
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Hwan-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014053:Tomatine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014053:Tomatine; D002784:Cholesterol; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase