title: Suppression of cardiocirculatory responses to orthostatic stress by passive walking-like leg movement in healthy young men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although passive walking-like leg movement in the standing posture (PWM) has been used in the clinical field, the safety of PWM has not been fully determined despite the risks of orthostatic intolerance due to standing posture. The aim of the present study was to examine cardiocirculatory response during PWM in healthy young men.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects (n = 13) spent 5 min in a sitting position and then 5 min in a quiet standing position to determine baseline levels. Thereafter, they underwent 25-min rhythmic PWM at 1 Hz while standing. In another bout, subjects experienced the same protocol except that they underwent 25-min quiet standing (QS) instead of 25-min PWM. Two subjects dropped out of the 25-min QS due to feeling of discomfort. Thus, data obtained in the remaining eleven subjects are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the PWM trial, systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) decreased from 112 ± 8 mmHg during the sitting baseline period to 107 ± 8 mmHg during the standing baseline period (p <0.05), while heart rate (HR) increased from 73 ± 9 bpm during the sitting baseline period to 84 ± 10 bpm during the standing baseline period (p <0.001). After the imposition of PWM, SAP increased from 107 ± 8 mmHg in the standing baseline period to 120 ± 6 mmHg (p <0.001), while HR decreased from 84 ± 10 bpm in the standing baseline period to 76 ± 9 bpm (p <0.05). In the QS trial, SAP, which had decreased during the standing baseline period compared to that during the sitting baseline period, remained lowered during the 25-min QS period, while HR, which had increased during the standing baseline period compared to that during the sitting baseline period, remained elevated during the 25-min QS period. In both bouts, HR showed almost mirror-image changes in the high-frequency component of HR variability, suggesting that the changes in HR were due to change in parasympathetic activation. Double product (HR × SAP), as a predictor of myocardial oxygen consumption, during the 25-min QS period tended to increase with time, but double product remained almost constant during the 25-min PWM period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that PWM is effective for suppressing cardiocirculatory responses to orthostatic stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Lifelong Sports for Health, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan. hisaoga@isc.chubu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Ikuyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fujimaru
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004244:Dizziness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*