title: Synergism between hydrogen peroxide and seventeen acids against five agri-food-borne fungi and one yeast strain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate fungicidal efficacy of hydrogen peroxide administered in combination with 17 mineral and organic acids authorized for use in the food industry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The assays were performed on a 96-well microplate using a microdilution technique based on the checkerboard titration method. The six selected strains (one yeast and five fungi) were reference strains and strains representative of contaminating fungi found in the food industry. Each synergistic hydrogen peroxide/acid combination found after fifteen minutes contact time at 20 °C in distilled water was then tested in conditions simulating four different use conditions. Twelve combinations were synergistic in distilled water, eleven of these remained synergistic with one or more of the four mineral and organic interfering substances selected. Hydrogen peroxide/formic acid combination remained effective against four strains and was never antagonistic against the other two fungi. Combinations with propionic acid and acetic acid stayed synergistic against two strains. Those with oxalic acid and lactic acid kept their synergism only against Candida albicans. No synergism was detected against Penicillium cyclopium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synergistic combinations of disinfectants were revealed, among them the promising hydrogen peroxide/formic acid combination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A rapid screening method developed in our laboratory for bacteria was adapted to fungi and used to reveal the synergistic potential of disinfectants and/or sanitizers combinations.
authors.affiliation: Anses, Fougères Laboratory, Fougères Cedex, France. helene.martin-lesaout@anses.fr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maris
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005561:Formates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D004202:Disinfectants; D005561:Formates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; C030544:formic acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide