title: Network analysis of the focal adhesion to invadopodia transition identifies a PI3K-PKCα invasive signaling axis.
abstract: In cancer, deregulated signaling can produce an invasive cellular phenotype. We modeled the invasive transition as a theoretical switch between two cytoskeletal structures: focal adhesions and extracellular matrix-degrading invadopodia. We constructed molecular interaction networks of each structure and identified upstream regulatory hubs through computational analyses. We compared these regulatory hubs to the status of signaling components from head and neck carcinomas, which led us to analyze phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C α (PKCα). Consistent with previous studies, PI3K activity promoted both the formation and the activity of invadopodia. We found that PI3K induction of invadopodia was increased by overexpression of SH2 (Src homology 2) domain-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2), which converts the phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P(3)] that is produced by PI3K activity to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P(2)], which is believed to promote invadopodia formation. Knockdown of PKCα had divergent effects on invadopodia formation, depending on the status of PI3K. Loss of PKCα inhibited invadopodia formation in cells with wild-type PI3K pathway status. Conversely, in cells with constitutively active PI3K (through activating PI3K mutants or lacking the endogenous opposing enzyme PTEN), PKCα knockdown increased invadopodia formation. Mechanistic studies revealed a negative feedback loop from PKCα that dampened PI3K activity and invasive behavior in cells with genetic hyperactivation of the PI3K pathway. These studies demonstrated the potential of network modeling as a discovery tool and identified PI3K and PKCα as interacting regulators of invasive behavior.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jourquin
authors.forename: Shane Weller
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Emmons
authors.forename: Tyne
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Margalit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldgof
authors.forename: Kaitlin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Darren R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Tyson
authors.forename: Brandee
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Yiling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Nagendra K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gordon B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Wendell G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Yarbrough
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Quaranta
authors.forename: Motoharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seiki
authors.forename: Alissa M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D000072183:Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; C060980:phosphatidylinositol 3,4-diphosphate; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C496628:PRKCA protein, human; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; C098706:INPPL1 protein, human; D000072183:Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases