title: In vitro clastogenicity and phototoxicity of fullerene (C(60)) nanomaterials in mammalian cells.
abstract: Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes (C(60)) are widely used in industry. Because of human health concerns, their toxic potential has been examined in vivo and in vitro. Here we used mammalian cells to examine the in vitro clastogenicity as well as the phototoxicity of C(60). While C(60) induced no structural chromosome aberrations in CHL/IU cells at up to 5mg/ml (the maximum concentration tested), it significantly induced polyploidy at 2.5 and 5mg/ml with and without metabolic activation. In BALB 3T3 cells, C(60) showed no phototoxic potential but the anatase form of titanium oxide did. Since insoluble nanomaterials cause polyploidy by blocking cytokinesis rather than by damaging DNA, we concluded that the polyploidy induced by C(60) in CHL/IU cells was probably due to non-DNA interacting mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. honma@nihs.go.jp
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: Toshitaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asada
authors.forename: Yuzuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakage
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D041702:BALB 3T3 Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004249:DNA Damage; D017484:Dermatitis, Phototoxic; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000633:toxicity*; D011123:Polyploidy
chemical_list: D037741:Fullerenes; D009153:Mutagens