title: Relevance and challenges in modeling human gastric and small intestinal digestion.
abstract: Gastric and small intestinal (GSI) models are increasingly used as an alternative to in vivo assays to answer many questions raised by industry and researchers. A broad range of in vitro systems is available, from static monocompartmental to dynamic multicompartmental models. However, these models require a compromise between technological complexity and biological significance. Further efforts and technological innovations are still needed to improve in vitro models and meet growing demands in the areas of nutrition and health. This review describes the models available to date for the human stomach and small intestine and highlights their relevance in nutritional, toxicological, pharmaceutical, and microbiological studies. Limitations and challenges facing artificial digestion technology are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, BP10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Etienne-Mesmin
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Livrelli
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanquet-Diot
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alric
mesh_terms: D004063:Digestion; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology*