title: Genetic variation in APOL1 and MYH9 genes is associated with chronic kidney disease among Nigerians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A region of chromosome 22 which includes APOL1 and MYH9 genes was recently identified as a risk locus for non-diabetic forms of kidney disease, including idiopathic and HIV-associated focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and kidney disease clinically attributed to hypertension among African Americans. The purposes of the current study were, therefore, to examine the frequency of these variants and to determine whether they are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among native Africans.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the possible evidence of association between variants in these genes and non-diabetic CKD among West Africans, we performed a case/control analysis in a sample of 166 Nigerians without history of European admixture. Our study included a total of 9 variants on APOL1 (n = 4) and MYH9 (n = 5) genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed significantly strong associations with previously reported APOL1 variants rs73885319 and rs60910145, and their two-allele "G1" haplotype (P < 0.005). We did not observe significant evidence of association between non-diabetic CKD and any of the MYH9 variants or haplotypes after accounting for multiple testing in our sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, APOL1 risk variants are associated with non-diabetic forms of CKD among Nigerians of Yoruba ethnicity. Further information on APOL1/MYH9 variants may lead to screening programs, which could lead to earlier detection and interventions for non-diabetic kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL, USA. btayo@lumc.edu
authors.forename: Bamidele O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Tayo
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Babatunde L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Salako
authors.forename: Omri
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gottesman
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Adesola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogunniyi
authors.forename: Erwin P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Bottinger
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D009549:Nigeria; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000235:genetics*; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: C108666:APOL1 protein, human; D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; C103814:MYH9 protein, human; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains