title: The effect of submicron emulsion systems on transdermal delivery of kaempferol.
abstract: In this study, submicron emulsions have been employed as a carrier for the topical application of kaempferol. The effect of components of submicron emulsions on the physicochemical properties and permeation capability of drug were evaluated. In case of drug-loaded submicron emulsions, the cumulative amount over 12 h (Q(12 h)), lag time and deposition in skin amount ranged from 13.0±3.4 to 236.1±21.2 µg/cm(2), 1.7 to 5.3 h, and 1.10 to 7.76 µg/cm(2), respectively, which indicated that the permeation parameters of kaempferol were markedly influenced by the component ratio. Kaempferol dispensed in isopropyl myristate was used as the control. The Q(12 h), lag time and deposition amount in skin were 4.2±1.8 µg/cm(2), 6.0 h and 2.25±0.60 µg/cm(2), respectively. The data showed that used appropriate submicron emulsions as vehicle could significantly increase the Q(12 h) and deposition amount in skin and shorten the lag time, demonstrating that submicron emulsions have a potent enhancement effect for kaempferol transdermal delivery.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Chi-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Li-Tse
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Yaw-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yi-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Pao-Chu
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D044949:Kaempferols; C006552:kaempferol