title: Chromobacterium vaccinii sp. nov., isolated from native and cultivated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) bogs and irrigation ponds.
abstract: A large number of Gram-negative, motile, mesophilic, violacein-producing bacteria were isolated from the soils and roots of Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. and Kalmia angustifolia L. plants and from irrigation ponds associated with wild and cultivated cranberry bogs in Massachusetts, USA. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed these isolates in a clade with Chromobacterium species, but the specialized environment from which they were isolated, their low genomic DNA relatedness with Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472(T) and C. subtsugae PRAA4-1(T), significant differences in fatty acid composition and colony morphology indicate that the cranberry and Kalmia isolates comprise a separate species of Chromobacterium, for which the name Chromobacterium vaccinii sp. nov. is proposed. Strain MWU205(T) ( = ATCC BAA-2314(T)  = DSM 25150(T)) is proposed as the type strain for the novel species. Phenotypic analysis of 26 independent isolates of C. vaccinii sp. nov. indicates that, despite close geographical and biological proximity, there is considerable metabolic diversity among individuals within the population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Soby
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
authors.forename: Sudhindra R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gadagkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.affiliation: Cranberry Station, University of Massachusetts, PO Box 569, East Wareham, MA 02538, USA.
authors.forename: Frank L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Caruso
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002861:Chromobacterium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis; D008404:Massachusetts; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D061005:Ponds / Q000382:microbiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000382:microbiology*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007211:Indoles; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C063155:violacein