title: Tyrosine-containing peptides are precursors of tyramine produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strain IR BL0076 isolated from wine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biogenic amines are molecules with allergenic properties. They are found in fermented products and are synthesized by lactic acid bacteria through the decarboxylation of amino acids present in the food matrix. The concentration of biogenic amines in fermented foodstuffs is influenced by many environmental factors, and in particular, biogenic amine accumulation depends on the quantity of available precursors. Enological practices which lead to an enrichment in nitrogen compounds therefore favor biogenic amine production in wine. Free amino acids are the only known precursors for the synthesis of biogenic amines, and no direct link has previously been demonstrated between the use of peptides by lactic acid bacteria and biogenic amine synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we demonstrate for the first time that a Lactobacillus plantarum strain isolated from a red wine can produce the biogenic amine tyramine from peptides containing tyrosine. In our conditions, most of the tyramine was produced during the late exponential growth phase, coinciding with the expression of the tyrDC and tyrP genes. The DNA sequences of tyrDC and tyrP in this strain share 98% identity with those in Lactobacillus brevis consistent with horizontal gene transfer from L. brevis to L. plantarum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peptides amino acids are precursors of biogenic amines for Lactobacillus plantarum strain IR BL0076.
authors.affiliation: AgrosupDijon, Valmis UMR PAM, Université de Bourgogne, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin Jules Guyot, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 2787721078, Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Maryse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonnin-Jusserand
authors.forename: Cosette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grandvalet
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rieu
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weidmann
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alexandre
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014439:Tyramine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D014439:Tyramine