title: Association between periodontal disease and peptic ulcers among Japanese workers: MY health up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal disease and peptic ulcers in a working population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all employees of a large insurance company in Japan. The questionnaire asked about their health status and lifestyle habits. Peptic ulcer was defined as either stomach ulcer, duodenal ulcer, or both. For the evaluation of periodontal disease, three indices were used: (a) loss of five or more teeth, (b) having been told of having periodontitis, and (c) periodontal risk score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the eligible 28 765 subjects analyzed, peptic ulcer was present in 397 (1.4%). The results of bivariate analyses showed that a significantly higher proportion of subjects with peptic ulcer reported that they lost five or more teeth (35.3 vs. 17.4%, p&lt;0.001) or that they were told they had periodontitis (33.5 vs. 20.7%, p&lt;0.001). Moreover, the periodontal risk score was higher for those with peptic ulcer than those without (mean 0.83 vs. 0.59, p&lt;0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, statistical associations were found between the presence of peptic ulcer and loss of five or more teeth (odds ratio (OR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.76, p&lt;0.01), having been told of having periodontitis (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.59, p&lt;0.05), and a 1-point increase in the periodontal risk score (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04-1.30, p&lt;0.01), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modest but statistically significant associations were found between the self-reported measures of periodontal disease and peptic ulcers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyoku, Japan. chiekaneto@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaneto
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyokawa
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Senba
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires