title: Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of Candida parapsilosis complex isolates collected from oral cavities of HIV-infected individuals.
abstract: At present, few data are available on the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of Candida parapsilosis complex isolates from HIV-infected individuals. The C. parapsilosis complex comprises three species, C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis. Fifteen of 318 Candida isolates were identified as members of the C. parapsilosis complex by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The prevalence of C. parapsilosis complex isolates was 4.7 %, 2.2 % being identified as C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and 2.5 % as C. metapsilosis, while no C. orthopsilosis was isolated. This is believed to be the first study that has identified isolates of C. metapsilosis obtained from the oral cavity of HIV-infected individuals. Antifungal susceptibility tests indicated that all the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FLC), ketoconazole (KTC), itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC) and caspofungin (CASPO). Although isolates of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. metapsilosis were susceptible to FLC, isolates of C. metapsilosis showed a tendency for higher MICs (≥1.0 µg ml(-1)). Based upon the frequency of candidiasis and the fact that certain isolates of the C. parapsilosis complex respond differently to FLC therapy, our data may be of therapeutic relevance with respect to susceptibility and potential resistance to specific antifungal agents. Our data suggest that C. metapsilosis can be a human commensal; its importance as a pathogen has yet to be confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Doenças Tropicais e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Moris
authors.affiliation: Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M S C
authors.initials: MSC
authors.lastname: Melhem
authors.affiliation: Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Doenças Tropicais e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Institute for Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kacew
authors.affiliation: Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Szeszs
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Doenças Tropicais e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Pimenta-Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Fairport Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: H A M
authors.initials: HAM
authors.lastname: Berghs
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Doenças Tropicais e Diagnóstico por Imagem, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mendes
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D000077336:Caspofungin; D054714:Echinocandins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D065819:Voriconazole
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole; D000077336:Caspofungin; D065819:Voriconazole