title: Determination of the geographical origin of kimchi by (1)H NMR-based metabolite profiling.
abstract: Kimchi is a well-known traditional Korean food. Its geographical origins can be determined by its biochemical composition. This study identified the biochemical compositions of kimchi extracts from Korea and China by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy followed by multivariate data analysis. Principal component analyses (PCA) clearly discriminated between extracts prepared in the two countries. The identified metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and ethanol, contributed to discriminating the geographical origin of kimchi extracts. Furthermore, differences in composition by origin were predicted with high accuracy in external validation models. These results establish biochemical profiles for kimchi extracts, and indicate that metabolomics can be used in the discrimination of food origins.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jahan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Youngae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Yeon-Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Bong
authors.forename: Kwang-Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Geum-Sook
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis*; D005524:Food Technology; D058870:Food, Organic / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates; D000431:Ethanol