title: Periodontal healing complications following extrusive and lateral luxation in the permanent dentition: a longitudinal cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the risk of tooth loss and complications in periodontal ligament (PDL) healing following extrusive and lateral luxation in the permanent dentition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two permanent teeth (78 patients) with extrusive luxation and 179 teeth (149 patients) with lateral luxation were included in the study. All teeth were examined according to a standardized protocol including clinical, photographic, and radiographic registration. Follow-up controls were performed at regular intervals (3, 6 weeks, 6 months, 1, 5, and 10 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  The risk of repair-related resorption (surface resorption), infection-related resorption (inflammatory resorption), ankylosis-related resorption (replacement resorption), marginal bone loss, and tooth loss was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences among subgroups were analyzed with log-rank test and Cox regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of periodontal healing complications was estimated after 3 years. Extrusive luxation: For immature root development, infection-related resorption was 2.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0-6.9%). For mature root development, repair-related resorption was 15.6% (95% CI: 4.4-26.7%), infection-related resorption was 5.1% (95% CI: 0-11.7%), and marginal bone loss was 17.5% (95% CI: 6.2-28.8%). No teeth showed ankylosis-related resorption, and no teeth were lost in the observation period. Lateral luxation: For immature root development, repair-related resorption was 2.1% (95% CI: 0-6.1%), infection-related resorption was 2.1% (95% CI: 0-6.1%). For mature root development, repair-related resorption was 29.5% (95% CI: 20.5-38.5%), infection-related resorption was 2.6% (95% CI: 0-6.4%), ankylosis-related resorption was 0.8% (95% CI: 0-2.3%), marginal bone loss was 6.9% (95% CI: 2.2-11.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of severe periodontal healing complications in teeth with extrusive and lateral luxation injuries is generally low. Marginal bone loss and repair-related resorption occurred significantly more often in teeth with mature rather than immature root development. Marginal bone loss was associated with injuries involving multiple teeth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. nuno@sund.ku.dk
authors.forename: Nuno Vibe
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lauridsen
authors.forename: Søren Steno
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ahrensburg
authors.forename: Thomas Alexander
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gerds
authors.forename: Jens Ove
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Andreasen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003751:Dental Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000209:etiology; D003791:Dental Pulp Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000209:etiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology; D020254:Tooth Ankylosis / Q000209:etiology; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000254:growth & development; D014084:Tooth Avulsion / Q000150:complications*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000209:etiology; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000209:etiology; D014086:Tooth Mobility / Q000209:etiology; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000254:growth & development; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult