title: Cancellous bone fast and slow waves obtained with Bayesian probability theory correlate with porosity from computed tomography.
abstract: A Bayesian probability theory approach for separating overlapping ultrasonic fast and slow waves in cancellous bone has been previously introduced. The goals of this study were to investigate whether the fast and slow waves obtained from Bayesian separation of an apparently single mode signal individually correlate with porosity and to isolate the fast and slow waves from medial-lateral insonification of the calcaneus. The Bayesian technique was applied to trabecular bone data from eight human calcanei insonified in the medial-lateral direction. The phase velocity, slope of attenuation (nBUA), and amplitude were determined for both the fast and slow waves. The porosity was assessed by micro-computed tomography (microCT) and ranged from 78.7% to 94.1%. The method successfully separated the fast and slow waves from medial-lateral insonification of the calcaneus. The phase velocity for both the fast and slow wave modes showed an inverse correlation with porosity (R(2) = 0.73 and R(2) = 0.86, respectively). The slope of attenuation for both wave modes also had a negative correlation with porosity (fast wave: R(2) = 0.73, slow wave: R(2) = 0.53). The fast wave amplitude decreased with increasing porosity (R(2) = 0.66). Conversely, the slow wave amplitude modestly increased with increasing porosity (R(2) = 0.39).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63139, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Amber M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008390:Markov Chains; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016062:Porosity; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography