title: Device-associated infection rates, device utilization, and antimicrobial resistance in long-term acute care hospitals reporting to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate national data on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), device utilization, and antimicrobial resistance in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of data from LTACHs and from medical and medical-surgical intensive care units (ICUs) in short-stay acute care hospitals reporting to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) during 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rates of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) as well as device utilization ratios were calculated. For each HAI, pathogen profiles and antimicrobial resistance prevalence were evaluated. Comparisons were made using Poisson regression and the mood median and χ2 tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2010, 104 LTACHs reported CLABSIs and 57 reported CAUTIs and VAP to the NHSN. Median CLABSI rates in LTACHs (1.25 events per 1,000 device-days reported; range, 0.0-5.96) were comparable to rates in major teaching ICUs and were higher than those in other ICUs. CAUTI rates in LTACHs (median, 2.61; range, 0.0-9.92) were higher and VAP rates (median, 0.0; range, 0.0-3.29) were generally lower than those in ICUs. Central line utilization in LTACHs was higher than that in ICUs, whereas urinary catheter and ventilator utilization was lower. Methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus CLABSIs (83%) and vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus faecalis CAUTIs (44%) were higher in LTACHs than in ICUs. Multidrug resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa CAUTIs (25%) was higher in LTACHs than in most ICUs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CLABSIs and CAUTIs associated with multidrug-resistant organisms present a challenge in LTACHs. Continued HAI surveillance with pathogen-level data can guide prevention efforts in LTACHs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Amit S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chitnis
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Phillip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ricks
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.forename: Scott K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Fridkin
authors.forename: Carolyn V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Gould
mesh_terms: D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008134:Long-Term Care; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data