title: Evaluation of insulin lispro and biosynthetic human insulin in pulmonary absorption: in vivo and in vitro studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the pulmonary absorption characteristics of two insulin solutions-humalog (insulin lispro) and Novolin R (Biosynthetic Human insulin) with in vivo and in vitro methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Investigate the pharmacodynamics in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model (in vivo studies) and permeability across Rana catesbeiana pulmonary membrane (in vitro studies) of Biosynthetic Human insulin (BHI) and insulin lispro (LI) at different doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both of the insulins could reduce blood glucose levels promptly after pulmonary administration. But LI showed a better tendency on hypoglycemic effect than BHI in the in vivo studies. In the in vitro studies, the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) for BHI and LI were almost constant with increasing concentrations, which implied that insulin maybe passively diffuse through the Rana catesbeiana pulmonary membrane barrier. Interestingly, the Papp of LI was obviously higher than that of BHI, indicating that the permeability of LI across Rana catesbeiana pulmonary membrane was more effective than that of BHI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These in vitro and in vivo results suggested that LI was easier to be absorbed in the lung than BHI and Rana catesbeiana pulmonary membrane had a potential ability, as a transport model, to predict in vivo pulmonary absorption of insulin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jiake
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jianheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jiabi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xijing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D017097:Electric Impedance; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D061268:Insulin Lispro / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008566:Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D011892:Rana catesbeiana; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions