title: The relationship between maternal and fetal vitamin D, insulin resistance, and fetal growth.
abstract: Evidence for a role of vitamin D in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis is inconclusive. We sought to clarify the relationship between maternal and fetal insulin resistance and vitamin D status. This is a prospective cohort study of 60 caucasian pregnant women. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), glucose, insulin, and leptin were measured in early pregnancy and at 28 weeks. Ultrasound at 34 weeks assessed fetal anthropometry including abdominal wall width, a marker of fetal adiposity. At delivery birth weight was recorded and fetal 25-OHD, glucose, C-peptide, and leptin measured in cord blood. Insulin resistance was calculated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) equation. We found that those with lower 25-OHD in early pregnancy had higher HOMA indices at 28 weeks, (r = -.32, P = .02). No significant relationship existed between maternal or fetal leptin and 25-OHD, or between maternal or fetal 25-OHD and fetal anthropometry or birth weight. The incidence of vitamin D deficiency was high at each time point (15%-45%). These findings lend support to routine antenatal supplementation with vitamin D in at risk populations.
authors.affiliation: UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Ciara A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kilbane
authors.forename: Malachi J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Fionnuala M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: McAuliffe
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D047109:Fetal Development; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D