title: Assessment of the relationship between drowning and fluid accumulation in the paranasal sinuses on post-mortem computed tomography.
abstract: Recent reports have detailed common computed tomography (CT) findings in drowning victims, most notably fluid accumulation in the maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses. This CT finding could help forensic doctors to diagnose drowning. This study retrospectively investigated 151 subjects: 39 drowning and 112 non-drowning cases. Pearson's chi-square tests demonstrated that fluid accumulation in the maxillary or sphenoidal sinuses was associated significantly with drowning (p=0.0001). The sensitivity of the drowning diagnosis was 97%, specificity was 35%, accuracy was 51%, positive predictive value was 34% and negative predictive value was 98%. Drowning was significantly associated with fluid accumulation in the maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses, but the specificity and positive predictive value of the drowning diagnosis were poor. Although the presence of fluid in the maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses cannot be used to diagnose drowning, the absence of the fluid can be used to virtually exclude drowning.
authors.affiliation: Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Imaging, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan. ssu@rad.med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasumi
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosokai
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashizaki
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001344:Autopsy / Q000379:methods*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004332:Drowning / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014867:Water