title: The relationship between body weight, frailty, and the disablement process.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively examine the relationship between body weight, frailty, and the disablement process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2006) were used to examine the relationship between being underweight, overweight, or obese (compared with normal weight) and the onset and progression of functional limitations and disabilities in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and activities of daily living (ADL) among a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults (aged 50 and older) with characteristics of frailty (n= 11,491). Nonlinear multilevel models additionally adjusted for demographic characteristics and intra-individual changes in body weight, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and health conditions over the course of 8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with their nonfrail normal weight counterparts, prefrail obese respondents have a 16% (p ≤ 0.001) reduction in the expected functional limitations rate and frail overweight and obese respondents have a 10% (p ≤ 0.01) and 36% (p ≤ 0.001) reduction in the expected functional limitations rate, respectively. In addition, frail obese respondents have a 27% (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in the expected ADL disability rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study's findings suggest that underweight, overweight, and obese status differentially affect the risk for functional limitations and disabilities in IADL and ADL. Among prefrail and frail adults, some excess body weight in later life may be beneficial, reducing the rate of functional limitations and disability.
authors.affiliation: James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, HSR&D/RR&D Center of Excellence, 8900 Grand Oak Circle, Tampa, FL 33637-1022, USA. mary.bowen3@va.gov
authors.forename: Mary Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bowen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000368:Aged; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013851:Thinness / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States