title: Relationship between high density of peritumoral lymphatic vessels and biological behavior of cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in cervical squamous carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty cases of invasive cervical squamous cancer were selected as objects of our study. Double immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 and Ki-67 was used to label the lymphatic vessels and mark the proliferative lymphatic vessels in cervical squamous cancer. The peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and intratumoral lymphatic vessel density was assessed. The lymphatic vessels proliferation index was evaluated by calculating Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) to reflect the lymphangiogenesis of cervical squamous cancer. Then the correlation between lymphangiogenesis and clinicopathologic features of cervical squamous cancer was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LVD of cervical cancer (15.23 ± 3.6) was clearly higher than that of the adjacent normal cervical subepithelial tissues (9.9 ± 2.5, P < 0.001). The peritumoral lymphatic vessel density of cervical cancer (18.75 ± 4.3) was significantly higher than the intratumoral lymphatic vessel density of cervical cancer (11.71 ± 4.9, P < 0.001). Lymphatic PI (LPI) of cervical cancer (0.258 ± 0.07) was higher than that of the adjacent normal cervical subepithelial tissues (0.068 ± 0.08, P < 0.001). The peritumoral lymphatic vessel PI of cervical cancer (0.324 ± 0.06) was notably higher than the intratumoral lymphatic vessel PI of cervical cancer (0.232 ± 0.06, P < 0.001). Peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and peritumoral lymphatic vessel were clearly associated with the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) and lymphovascular space invasion (P = 0.024 and P = 0.01, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high density of peritumoral lymphatic vessels is a potential predictor of more aggressive phenotype of cervical squamous cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: En-Lin
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei-Wei
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao-Liang
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Juan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C119248:LYVE1 protein, human; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins