title: Effects of volatile substance abuse on the respiratory system in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhalant abuse is a prevalent and often overlooked form of substance abuse in adolescents. Chronic inhalant abuse can damage respiratory, cardiac, renal, hepatic, and neurologic systems. This study aims to determine the physiologic effects of inhaling solvents on the respiratory functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The general health status of the subjects was assessed by history taking, physical examination and a questionnaire which was designed to show the severity of respiratory symptoms. Spirometry, ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy, and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were performed to assess pulmonary functions and anatomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one male volatile substance abusers and 19 control subjects were included in the study. The mean age of onset of inhalant use was 14.6 ± 2.2 (9-18) years and duration of drug use was 3.7 ± 1.7 years. The most common respiratory symptoms in volatile substance abusers were nasal congestion (45.2%), sputum (38.7%), exercise intolerance (32.3%) and cough (22.6%). Results of spirometric studies showed 12 (41.4%) subjects with low FVC values < 80% of predicted, indicative of restrictive ventilatory pattern in the study group. Although the difference was not statistically significant, restrictive ventilatory pattern was higher in the study group. There was no statistically significant correlation between restrictive ventilatory pattern and the age of onset/duration/frequency of inhalant abuse, respiratory symptoms and scintigraphic abnormalities. Subjects who had restrictive pattern in their pulmonary function tests were more likely to have abnormal findings at HRCT (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown a positive correlation between volatile substance abuse and the development of restrictive ventilatory pattern, but more comprehensive studies are needed for more precise conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology-Allergy, Izmir, Turkey. midyatlev@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Halime Sc
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Büker
authors.forename: Esen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Zeki
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yüncü
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gülen
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Midyat
authors.forename: Remziye
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaç