title: Influence of 50-nm polystyrene particles in inducing cytotoxicity in mice co-injected with carbon tetrachloride, cisplatin, or paraquat.
abstract: The toxicity of nanomaterials has yet to be fully investigated. In particular, the interactions between nanomaterials and therapeutic drugs require further study. We investigated whether nano-sized polystyrene particles affect drug-induced toxicity. The particles, which are widely used industrially, had diameters of 50 (NPP50), 200 (NPP200) or 1000 (NPP1000) nm. The toxic chemicals tested were carbon tetrachloride, cisplatin (a popular anti-tumor agent), and a widely used herbicide, paraquat. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with either carbon tetrachloride (0.01 ml/kg), cisplatin (100 micromol/kg) or paraquat (50 mg/kg), with or without intravenous administration of polystyrene particles. All treatments in the absence of the nanoparticles were non-lethal and did not result in severe toxicity. However, when mice were injected with paraquat or cisplatin together with polystyrene particles, synergistic, enhanced toxicity was observed in mice injected with NPP50. These synergic effects were not observed in mice co-injected with NPP200 or NPP1000. These findings suggest that further evaluation of the interactions between polystyrene nano-particles and drugs is a critical prerequisite to the pharmaceutical application of nanotechnology.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isoda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tezuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yufu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tezuka
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010269:Paraquat / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006540:Herbicides; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011137:Polystyrenes; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D010269:Paraquat; D002945:Cisplatin