title: Galectin-3 is essential for reactive oxygen species production by peritoneal neutrophils from mice infected with a virulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii.
abstract: Toxoplasma gondii stimulates a potent pro-inflammatory response and neutrophils are involved in early infection. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an endogenous modulator of inflammatory processes and anti-infective agents, but its interaction with neutrophils in T. gondii infection is still unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of Gal-3 in peritoneal inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by neutrophils and survival, after in vivo T. gondii infection with virulent RH strain, using Gal-3 deficient and wild type mice. Animals were inoculated with thioglycollate or tachyzoites, and peritoneal cells were harvested for analysis of the influx of leukocytes. Neutrophils were isolated from peritoneal exudates from infected mice and stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to evaluate ROS production by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Our results showed that: (1) Gal-3 upregulates peritoneal inflammation, with enhanced recruitment of neutrophils and lymphocytes after thioglycollate stimulation, but does not influence the enhanced neutrophil influx after early T. gondii infection; (2) Gal-3 upregulates ROS generation by inflammatory peritoneal neutrophils from infected mice, but downregulates its production in non-infected mice and (3) Gal-3 does not influence the survival of mice after infection with the virulent T. gondii strain. In conclusion, Gal-3 is essential for ROS generation by neutrophils in the initial acute phase of T. gondii infection and this phenomenon may constitute an attempt to control parasite growth during in vivo infection with the T. gondii virulent strain.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: C M O S
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: D A O
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: A E C S
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Azzolini
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Marzocchi-Machado
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lucisano-Valim
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Roque-Barreira
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mineo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013864:Thioglycolates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D037502:Galectin 3; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013864:Thioglycolates