title: Maximal strength training and increased work efficiency: contribution from the trained muscle bed.
abstract: Maximal strength training (MST) reduces pulmonary oxygen uptake (Vo(2)) at a given submaximal exercise work rate (i.e., efficiency). However, whether the increase in efficiency originates in the trained skeletal muscle, and therefore the impact of this adaptation on muscle blood flow and arterial-venous oxygen difference (a-vO(2diff)), is unknown. Thus five trained subjects partook in an 8-wk MST intervention consisting of half-squats with an emphasis on the rate of force development during the concentric phase of the movement. Pre- and posttraining measurements of pulmonary Vo(2) (indirect calorimetry), single-leg blood flow (thermodilution), and single-leg a-vO(2diff) (blood gases) were performed, to allow the assessment of skeletal muscle Vo(2) during submaximal cycling [237 ± 23 W; ∼60% of their peak pulmonary Vo(2) (Vo(2peak))]. Pulmonary Vo(2peak) (∼4.05 l/min) and peak work rate (∼355 W), assessed during a graded exercise test, were unaffected by MST. As expected, following MST there was a significant reduction in pulmonary Vo(2) during steady-state submaximal cycling (∼237 W: 3.2 ± 0.1 to 2.9 ± 0.1 l/min). This was accompanied by a significant reduction in single-leg Vo(2) (1,101 ± 105 to 935 ± 93 ml/min) and single-leg blood flow (6,670 ± 700 to 5,649 ± 641 ml/min), but no change in single-leg a-vO(2diff) (16.7 ± 0.8 to 16.8 ±0.4 ml/dl). These data confirm an MST-induced reduction in pulmonary Vo(2) during submaximal exercise and identify that this change in efficiency originates solely in skeletal muscle, reducing muscle blood flow, but not altering muscle a-vO(2diff).
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Barrett-O'Keefe
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helgerud
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Russell S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen