title: Cardiopulmonary response to inhalation of secondary organic aerosol derived from gas-phase oxidation of toluene.
abstract: The biological response to inhalation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was determined in rodents exposed to SOA derived from the oxidation of toluene, a precursor emitted from anthropogenic sources. SOA atmospheres were produced to yield 300 µg·m(-3) of particulate matter (PM) plus accompanying gases. Whole-body exposures were conducted in mice to assess both pulmonary and cardiovascular effects. ApoE(-/-) mice were exposed for 7 days and measurements of TBARS and gene expression of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were made in aorta. Pulmonary inflammatory responses in both species were measured by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts. No pulmonary inflammation was observed. A mild response was observed in mouse aorta for the upregulation of ET-1 and HO-1, with a trend for increased MMP-9 and TBARS, and. Overall, toluene-derived SOA revealed limited biological response compared with previous studies using this exposure protocol with other environmental pollutants.
authors.affiliation: Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA. jmcdonal@lrri.org
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doyle-Eisele
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kracko
authors.forename: Amie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Surratt
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hersey
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seinfeld
authors.forename: Annette C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rohr
authors.forename: Eladio M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Knipping
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001273:Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; D005740:Gases; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014050:Toluene / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D005740:Gases; D014050:Toluene