title: Failed IUD insertions in community practice: an under-recognized problem?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The data analysis was conducted to describe the rate of unsuccessful copper T380A intrauterine device (IUD) insertions among women using the IUD for emergency contraception (EC) at community family planning clinics in Utah.
  
  
  METHODS
  These data were obtained from a prospective observational trial of women choosing the copper T380A IUD for EC. Insertions were performed by nurse practitioners at two family planning clinics in order to generalize findings to the type of service setting most likely to employ this intervention. Adjuvant measures to facilitate difficult IUD insertions (cervical anesthesia, dilation, pain medication, and use of ultrasound guidance) were not utilized. The effect of parity on IUD insertion success was determined using exact logistic regression models adjusted for individual practitioner failure rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six providers performed 197 IUD insertion attempts. These providers had a mean of 14.1 years of experience (range 1-27, S.D. ±12.5). Among nulliparous women, 27 of 138 (19.6%) IUD insertions were unsuccessful. In parous women, 8 of 59 IUD insertions were unsuccessful (13.6%). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) showed that IUD insertion failure was more likely in nulliparous women compared to parous women (aOR=2.31, 95% CI 0.90-6.52, p=.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high rate of unsuccessful IUD insertions reported here, particularly for nulliparous women, suggests that the true insertion failure rate of providers who are not employing additional tools for difficult insertions may be much higher than reported in clinical trials. Further investigation is necessary to determine if this is a common problem and, if so, to assess if the use of adjuvant measures will reduce the number of unsuccessful IUD insertions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. amna.dermish@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Amna I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Dermish
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Turok
authors.forename: Janet C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Marie E S
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McFadden
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D003153:Community Health Services; D044363:Contraception, Postcoital; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014589:Utah; D055815:Young Adult