title: Optimization of focused ultrasonic extraction of propellant components determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
abstract: A method for focused ultrasonic extraction of nitroglycerin, triphenyl amine and acetyl tributyl citrate presented in double-base propellant samples following by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis was developed. A face-centered central composite design of the experiments and response surface modeling was used for optimization of the time, amplitude and sample amount. The dichloromethane was used as the extractant solvent. The optimal extraction conditions with respect to the maximum yield of the lowest abundant compound triphenyl amine were found at the 20 min extraction time, 35% amplitude of ultrasonic waves and 2.5 g of the propellant sample. The results obtained under optimal conditions were compared with the results achieved with validated Soxhlet extraction method, which is typically used for isolation and pre-concentration of compounds from the samples of explosives. The extraction yields for acetyl tributyl citrate using both extraction methods were comparable; however, the yield of ultrasonic extraction of nitroglycerin and triphenyl amine was lower than using Soxhlet extraction. The possible sources of different extraction yields are estimated and discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Pardubice, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondřej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fryš
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Česla
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bajerová
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ventura