title: Caring for umpires, officials, and referees.
abstract: Umpires, referees, and sports officials have not been accorded the same attention as athletes by the sports medicine community. The physical and psychological demands of their jobs expose them to a unique constellation of medical, psychological, and orthopedic problems. Likewise their age, fitness level, and disease risk factors may warrant closer scrutiny for them and greater need for participation evaluation than the athletes with whom they share the field. Limited medical literature is published regarding the care of sports officials, even though they have a higher incidence of medical problems, cardiovascular risk, and orthopedic injuries than sports participants.
authors.affiliation: Major League Baseball, New York, NY 10167, USA. Steven.Erickson@mlb.com
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Letendre
authors.forename: Kareem M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shaarawy
authors.forename: Amy Jo F
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Overlin
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016272:Occupational Health; D009790:Occupations; D005791:Patient Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D013177:Sports; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000379:methods*