title: Distinct expression of interleukin 17, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β, and forkhead box P3 in acute rejection after kidney transplantation.
abstract: The kidney transplant is the main therapeutic alternative for end-stage kidney disease, and rejection is a major complication. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines is related to graft loss, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines are associated with graft protection. The objective of this study is to evaluate the "in situ" expression of cytokines T helper 1 (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α]), T helper 17 (interleukin 17 [IL-17]), and regulatory T cell (transforming growth factor β [TGF-β]) and the expression of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) in allograft kidney. We evaluated in situ expression of cytokines in allograft kidney under rejection process by indirect immunohistochemistry. Eighteen renal graft biopsies were from patients with episodes of rejection. The in situ expression of IL-17, TNF-α, and TGF-β was significantly higher in patients with acute rejection when compared with the control group. In contrast, analysis of FoxP3 expression showed few positive cells in patients with acute rejection compared with the control group. The results suggest that the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17 and TNF-α) contributes to the mechanisms of kidney transplant rejection. The increase in TGF-β expression might be an attempt to establish a process of immunoregulation or even to induce higher production of IL-17. The last hypothesis is supported by the observation of a reduced expression of FoxP3 and elevated levels of IL-17.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Precil Diego Miranda
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: de Menezes Neves
authors.forename: Juliana Reis
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Marlene Antônia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: dos Reis
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Guimarães
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Faleiros
authors.forename: Sanívia Aparecida
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: de Lima Pereira
authors.forename: Denise Bertulucci Rocha
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059467:Transcriptome; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D020381:Interleukin-17; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha