title: Cerebral vein changes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis demonstrated by three-dimensional enhanced T₂-weighted angiography at 3.0 T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate characteristics of the internal cerebral veins (ICVs) and their main tributaries and the deep medullary veins (DMVs) in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) with enhanced T (2)-weighted angiography imaging (ESWAN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three RRMS patients and 53 normal controls underwent conventional MRI and ESWAN. ESWAN venograms were created by performing minimum intensity projections of the phase images, and the resulting venograms were used to observe characteristic vascular changes, including scores of the ICVs and their main tributaries and manifestations of the DMVs. Two experienced radiologists analysed all data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients showed decreased mean scores of the ICVs and their main tributaries compared with controls. The mean score in acute patients was higher than in stable patients. Furthermore, the DMVs diminished and shortened in 48 patients with longer disease duration, whereas the DMVs increased and elongated in 5 patients with shorter disease duration. The penetrating veins were well defined in 30 active lesions, whereas the veins were ill defined in 69 non-active lesions. Interestingly, well-defined penetrating veins were shown in 15 non-active lesions in the stable patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced T (2)-weighted MR angiography can detect cerebral vein characteristics in relapsing-remitting MS patients, which may provide important information on the pathogenesis of MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. zengchun19840305@163.com
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Fajin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Reshiana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rumzan
authors.forename: Zhongping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult