title: The karyotype of Holoaden luederwaldti (Anura, Strabomantidae), with report of natural triploidy.
abstract: The genus Holoaden includes three species           described so far, but the only published cytogenetic           data is from Holoaden bradei, with the karyotype 2n           = 18, based on conventional staining. In the present           paper we report, for the first time, data on chromosomes           of H. luederwaldti, which presented 2n = 18           and a case of natural triploidy, with 2n = 3x = 27. In           this sample, another karyotypic variation was observed           due to the occurrence of two types of chromosome           8, which present submetacentric or subtelocentric           morphologies. Homomorphic subtelocentric or           heteromorphic condition was observed among the           diploid specimens, whereas the triploid had one submetacentric           and two subtelocentric chromosomes 8.           In all specimens, Ag-NOR was located in the long           arms of chromosomes 8, at the interstitial region           when subtelocentric, or in the proximal region when           submetacentric, confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization           with the HM123 probe. The C bands           showed centromeric distribution and distribution at           Ag-NOR site. The centromeric heterochromatin was           fluorescent with DAPI staining, whereas the Ag-           NOR displayed bright fluorescence with CMA3.           Fluorescent in situ hybridization using a telomeric           probe labelled exclusively the telomere regions.           Although the same 2n = 18 chromosome numbers           have been observed in H. luederwaldti and H. bradei,           some differences in both karyotypes can be visualized,           mainly with regard to the morphology of the           last chromosome pairs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. aoreinaldo@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: J R C
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: C F B
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasahara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D005260:Female; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D059785:Karyotype; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D057885:Triploidy