title: Distinctive features of classic and nonclassic (Th17 derived) human Th1 cells.
abstract: T helper17 (Th17) lymphocytes represent a third arm of the CD4(+)  T-cell effector responses, in addition to Th1 and Th2 cells. Th17 cells have been found to exhibit high plasticity because they rapidly shift into the Th1 phenotype in inflammatory sites. In humans, Th1 cells derived from Th17 cells express CD161, whereas classic Th1 cells do not; these Th17-derived Th1 cells have been termed nonclassic Th1 cells. In this study, we examined similarities and differences between classic and nonclassic human Th1 cells by assessing a panel of T-cell clones, as well as CD161(+)  or CD161(-)  CD4(+)  T cells derived ex vivo from the circulation of healthy subjects or the synovial fluid of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The results show that nonclassic Th1 cells can be identified based on CD161 expression, as well as the consistent expression of retinoic acid orphan receptor C, IL-17 receptor E, CCR6, and IL-4-induced gene 1, which are all virtually absent in classic Th1 cells. The possibility to distinguish these two-cell subsets by using such a panel of markers may allow the opportunity to better establish the respective pathogenic roles of classic and nonclassic (Th17 derived) Th1 cells in different chronic inflammatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy. f.annunziato@dmi.unifi.it
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Santarlasci
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capone
authors.forename: Maria Caterina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Querci
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzoni
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cimaz
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Palma
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liotta
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romagnani
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cosmi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Annunziato
mesh_terms: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation