title: Acute kidney injury due to intravenous bleach injection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sodium hypochlorite is the active ingredient in bleach, a ubiquitous household disinfectant, and has known toxicities depending on route of exposure and amount. Acute kidney injury due to sodium hypochlorite exposure has never been reported. Patients that did develop nephrotoxicity following bleach exposure did so due to development of other risk factors for kidney injury such as volume depletion or sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a patient who presented with black urine after parenteral self-administration of a large quantity of bleach. We review the clinical presentation, laboratory and biopsy findings, and outcome as well as discuss possible mechanisms of sodium hypochlorite toxicity and management strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. ashishvermamd@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Vanguri
authors.forename: Venkata
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Golla
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rhyee
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trainor
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abramov
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D057886:Bleaching Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000506:poisoning*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D057886:Bleaching Agents; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite