title: The potential of extracts of Caryocar villosum pulp to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
abstract: Caryocar villosum (piquiá) is a native fruit from the Amazonian region, considered to be an interesting source of bioactive compounds. In this paper, five extracts of C. villosum pulp were obtained, using solvents with different polarities and their in vitro scavenging capacity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) was determined. Additionally, the phenolic compounds and carotenoids in each extract were identified and quantified by a high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and mass spectrometer detectors (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). The ethanol/water and water extracts, which presented the highest phenolic contents (5163 and 1745μg/g extract, respectively), with ellagic acid as the major phenolic compound, proved to have the highest ROS and RNS scavenging potential. Nevertheless, in general, ellagic acid was less effective in scavenging ROS (IC(50) from 1.7 to 108μg/ml) and RNS (IC(50) from 0.05 to 0.59μg/ml), when compared to gallic acid (IC(50) from 0.4 to 226μg/ml for ROS and IC(50) from 0.04 to 0.12μg/ml for RNS). The results obtained in the present study clearly demonstrated that the in vitro antioxidant efficiency of C. villosum extracts was closely related to their contents of phenolic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renan Campos
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chisté
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Adriana Zerlotti
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Mercadante
authors.forename: Eduarda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D020448:Ericales / Q000737:chemistry*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species