title: Effects of different therapeutic methods and typical recipes of Chinese medicine on activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in kupffer cells of rats with fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of different therapeutic methods and the recipes of Chinese medicine (CM) on the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in Kupffer cells of rats with fatty liver disease and to explore the mechanisms of these therapeutic methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using a random number table, 98 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: control group, model group, and 5 treatment groups, including soothing Liver (Gan) recipe group, invigorating Spleen (Pi) recipe group, dispelling dampness recipe group, promoting blood recipe group, and complex recipe group. Rats in the control group were fed with normal food and distilled water by gastric perfusion, while rats in the model group were fed with high-fat food and distilled spirits by gastric perfusion. Rats in the 5 treatment groups were fed with high-fat food and corresponding recipes by gastric perfusion. Twelve weeks later, all rats were sacrificed and liver tissues were stained for pathohistological observation. Kupffer cells were isolated from livers of rats to evaluate JNK and phospho-JNK expressions by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The grade of hepatic steatosis was higher in the model group than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the grade of fatty degeneration in soothing Liver recipe group and invigorating Spleen recipe group were significantly ameliorated (P<0.05). Expressions of JNK and phospho-JNK in Kupffer cells were significantly higher in the model group than those in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the model group, expressions of JNK in all treatment groups decreased, especially in invigorating Spleen recipe group and promoting blood recipe group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, expressions of phospho-JNK in all treatment groups declined significantly (P<0.01), especially in soothing Live recipe group and invigorating Spleen recipe group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high expressions of JNK and phospho-JNK in Kupffer cells might play an important role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease in rats. The recipes of CM, especially invigorating Spleen recipe and soothing Liver recipe, might protect liver against injury by reducing the total JNK protein content and inhibiting the activation of JNK protein in Kupffer cells of fatty liver model rats, which showed beneficial effects on fatty liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. tyangqh@jnu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Qin-He
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Si-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yu-Pei
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huan-Huan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: Huan-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tong-Yan
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hai-Tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases