title: Protective effects of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel and their bioactive compounds on oxidative stress.
abstract: Protective effects of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel and their bioactive compounds on oxidative stress were investigated. According to HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS/MS analysis, hesperidin (HD), hesperetin (HT), nobiletin (NT), and tangeretin (TT) were present in water extracts of sweet orange peel (WESP). The cytotoxic effect in 0.2mM t-BHP-induced HepG2 cells was inhibited by WESP and their bioactive compounds. The protective effect of WESP and their bioactive compounds in 0.2mM t-BHP-induced HepG2 cells may be associated with positive regulation of GSH levels and antioxidant enzymes, decrease in ROS formation and TBARS generation, increase in the mitochondria membrane potential and Bcl-2/Bax ratio, as well as decrease in caspase-3 activation. Overall, WESP displayed a significant cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress, which may be most likely because of the phenolics-related bioactive compounds in WESP, leading to maintenance of the normal redox status of cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 60 Erh-Jen Road, Section 1, Pao-An, Jen-Te District, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Zong-Tsi
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Heuy-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Charng-Cherng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chyau
authors.forename: Chin-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Pin-Der
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Duh
mesh_terms: D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione