title: Pharmacist-managed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening in a community setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To implement a spirometry-based chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) screening in a community pharmacy chain, determine whether pharmacists can accurately perform spirometry screenings and interpret results, and determine whether performing screenings improved enrollment in smoking cessation programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kroger pharmacies in the Cincinnati-Dayton Kroger Marketing Area and off-site screening events in Cincinnati, OH, from March to December 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consenting individuals older than 35 years who met inclusion and exclusion criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specially trained community pharmacists administered a validated COPD screening questionnaire and performed spirometry. The results were interpreted, given to the patient, and faxed to the primary care physician. Any patient who was currently smoking was offered smoking cessation counseling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spirometry technical quality and interpretation accuracy, screening questionnaire scores in relationship to spirometry results, number of patients enrolled in smoking cessation programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 185 patients, 10 were excluded due to inability to perform spirometry. After review, 174 (99%) of the spirometries were judged acceptable and 157 (90%) demonstrated reproducible results. The mean (+/-SD) score on the COPD Population Screener questionnaire was 2.3 ± 1.6 (range 0-8). Airflow limitation (defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity < lower limit of normal) was detected in 16 (9%) of the patients. Although 12 (75%) of these patients were former or current smokers, only 3 (19%) were at increased risk for COPD based on their screening questionnaire scores. Of the nine current smokers who participated in a follow-up interview, two had successfully abstained from smoking for 6 months after the screening and five others had made an attempt to quit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that pharmacists are able to perform accurate and reproducible spirometry in a community pharmacy setting.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 3225 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45267-0004, USA. leah.fuller@stores.kroger.com
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Wayne F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Pamela C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panos
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eschenbacher
authors.forename: Stacey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Frede
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D013147:Spirometry