title: Vitamin D status is associated with physical performance: the results of three independent cohorts.
abstract: This study, on the association between vitamin D status and physical performance and its decline, shows that vitamin D status is associated with physical performance in several older age groups. However, vitamin D status does not predict a decline in physical performance in individuals aged 55-65 years.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous research in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) showed an association of vitamin D status with physical performance and its decline in persons aged 65 years and older. The current study aims to determine these associations in younger individuals and to replicate previous research of LASA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from three independent cohorts were used: two cohorts of LASA (LASA-II with measurements in 2002 (n = 707) and 2009 (n = 491), LASA-I-2009 (n = 355)) and the baseline measurement of the B-Vitamins for the Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures (B-PROOF) study (n = 2,813). Participants performed three tests (walking test, chair stands, and tandem stand; range total score 0-12), except in LASA-II-2002 (only walking and chair stands tests; range total score 0-8). Multiple linear and logistic regression were used to assess whether vitamin D status was associated with total physical performance and its decline, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the participants was 60.0 (SD 3.0), 65.9 (2.9), 78.4 (5.3), and 74.4 (6.8) years for LASA-II-2002, LASA-II-2009, LASA-I-2009, and B-PROOF, respectively. Vitamin D status was not predictive of a clinical decline in total physical performance score in the LASA-II-2002 cohort (aged 55-65 years). After adjustment for confounding, participants with serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L scored 0.8 (95 % confidence interval 0.4-1.2), 0.9 (0.3-1.5), 1.5 (0.8-2.3), and 0.6 (0.3-0.9) points lower on total physical performance than participants with serum 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirmed that serum 25(OH)D is associated with physical performance. However, vitamin D status did not predict a clinical decline in physical performance in individuals aged 55-65 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sohl
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: de Jongh
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Heijboer
authors.forename: K M A
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Brouwer-Brolsma
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Enneman
authors.forename: C P G M
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van der Velde
authors.forename: R A M
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dhonukshe-Rutten
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lips
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: van Schoor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D