title: Lung oxidative damage by hypoxia.
abstract: One of the most important functions of lungs is to maintain an adequate oxygenation in the organism. This organ can be affected by hypoxia facing both physiological and pathological situations. Exposure to this condition favors the increase of reactive oxygen species from mitochondria, as from NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase/reductase, and nitric oxide synthase enzymes, as well as establishing an inflammatory process. In lungs, hypoxia also modifies the levels of antioxidant substances causing pulmonary oxidative damage. Imbalance of redox state in lungs induced by hypoxia has been suggested as a participant in the changes observed in lung function in the hypoxic context, such as hypoxic vasoconstriction and pulmonary edema, in addition to vascular remodeling and chronic pulmonary hypertension. In this work, experimental evidence that shows the implied mechanisms in pulmonary redox state by hypoxia is reviewed. Herein, studies of cultures of different lung cells and complete isolated lung and tests conducted in vivo in the different forms of hypoxia, conducted in both animal models and humans, are described.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Integrativo de Biomecánica y Fisiología del Esfuerzo (LIBFE), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Avenida San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Santiago, Chile. ofaraneda@miuandes.cl
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Araneda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuesta
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases