title: Occurrence and toxicity of disinfection byproducts in European drinking waters in relation with the HIWATE epidemiology study.
abstract: The HIWATE (Health Impacts of long-term exposure to disinfection byproducts in drinking WATEr) project was a systematic analysis that combined the epidemiology on adverse pregnancy outcomes and other health effects with long-term exposure to low levels of drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in the European Union. The present study focused on the relationship of the occurrence and concentration of DBPs with in vitro mammalian cell toxicity. Eleven drinking water samples were collected from five European countries. Each sampling location corresponded with an epidemiological study for the HIWATE program. Over 90 DBPs were identified; the range in the number of DBPs and their levels reflected the diverse collection sites, different disinfection processes, and the different characteristics of the source waters. For each sampling site, chronic mammalian cell cytotoxicity correlated highly with the numbers of DBPs identified and the levels of DBP chemical classes. Although there was a clear difference in the genotoxic responses among the drinking waters, these data did not correlate as well with the chemical analyses. Thus, the agents responsible for the genomic DNA damage observed in the HIWATE samples may be due to unresolved associations of combinations of identified DBPs, unknown emerging DBPs that were not identified, or other toxic water contaminants. This study represents the first to integrate quantitative in vitro toxicological data with analytical chemistry and human epidemiologic outcomes for drinking water DBPs.
authors.affiliation: College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Clara H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Vincent R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Siebert
authors.forename: Sridevi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anduri
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Daiber
authors.forename: A Bruce
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: McKague
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogevinas
authors.forename: Cristina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: Emma H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Goslan
authors.forename: Wentai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Lorne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Isabelle
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pankow
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grazuleviciene
authors.forename: Sylvaine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cordier
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Righi
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuijsen
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Plewa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004249:DNA Damage; D004203:Disinfection; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical