title: Pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of lenalidomide in mice.
abstract: Lenalidomide is a synthetic derivative of thalidomide exhibiting multiple immunomodulatory activities beneficial in the treatment of several hematological malignancies. Murine pharmacokinetic characterization necessary for translational and further preclinical investigations has not been published. Studies herein define mouse plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after intravenous (IV) bolus administration and bioavailability after oral and intraperitoneal delivery. Range finding studies used lenalidomide concentrations up to 15 mg/kg IV, 22.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal injections (IP), and 45 mg/kg oral gavage (PO). Pharmacokinetic studies evaluated doses of 0.5, 1.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg IV and 0.5 and 10 mg/kg doses for IP and oral routes. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify lenalidomide in plasma, brain, lung, liver, heart, kidney, spleen, and muscle. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental and compartmental methods. Doses of 15 mg/kg IV, 22.5 mg/kg IP, and 45 mg/kg PO lenalidomide caused no observable toxicity up to 24 h postdose. We observed dose-dependent kinetics over the evaluated dosing range. Administration of 0.5 and 10 mg/kg resulted in systemic bioavailability ranges of 90-105% and 60-75% via IP and oral routes, respectively. Lenalidomide was detectable in the brain only after IV dosing of 5 and 10 mg/kg. Dose-dependent distribution was also observed in some tissues. High oral bioavailability of lenalidomide in mice is consistent with oral bioavailability in humans. Atypical lenalidomide tissue distribution was observed in spleen and brain. The observed dose-dependent pharmacokinetics should be taken into consideration in translational and preclinical mouse studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, 230 Parks Hall, 500W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Darlene M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rozewski
authors.forename: Sarah E M
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Towns
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Stefanovski
authors.forename: Jungook D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xiaobai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jarjoura
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Mitch A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Phelps
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D013045:Species Specificity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013792:Thalidomide; D000077269:Lenalidomide