title: The impact of sleep apnoea syndrome on nocturia according to age in men.
abstract: Study Type--Symptom prevalence (cohort) Level of Evidence 2b. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) can be a risk factor for nocturia, although whether the relationship between nocturia and SAS changes according to age remains to be addressed. SAS has a modest impact on nocturia frequency and the prevalence of pathological nocturia in young adults and middle-aged men. However, SAS may not be a risk factor for nocturia in the elderly, and age-related urinary diseases and voiding dysfunctions could over-ride the influence of SAS on nocturia in the elderly.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  • To assess the association between nocturia and sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) according to age, as well as to determine the factors related to nocturia.
  
  
  METHODS
  • A total of 1757 men who had been referred to a sleep laboratory underwent polysomnography. • Nocturia frequency was assessed using a questionnaire, and pathological nocturia was defined as the need to void two or more times per night. • The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were applied to all study subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  • Nocturia frequency was significantly correlated with age (r = 0.405, P < 0.001) and the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) (r = 0.065, P < 0.01). • In those men aged <65 years, significant correlations were found between nocturic frequency and age, AHI, BDI and PSQI. • Multiple regression analysis showed that age (β = 0.303, P < 0.001), AHI (β = 0.107 P < 0.001) and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH; β = 0.069, P < 0.01) were associated with nocturia, and that the presence of pathological nocturia was predicted by BPH (odds ratio [OR], 2.77; P < 0.01), age (OR, 1.09; P < 0.001) and AHI (OR, 1.02; P < 0.001). • However, in men aged >65 years, nocturia frequency was significantly associated with BDI and PSQI, although no relationship was found between nocturia frequency and SAS parameters. • BPH was more frequently observed in elderly men with pathological nocturia than in those without pathological nocturia (OR, 2.18; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • In the elderly, SAS may not be a risk factor for nocturia. • Age-related urinary diseases and voiding dysfunction may over-ride the influence of SAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suk-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: In-Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Sang Don
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong-Whun
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017286:Polysomnography; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014554:Urination