title: Short communication: atazanavir-based therapy is associated with higher hepatitis C viral load in HIV type 1-infected subjects with untreated hepatitis C.
abstract: We assessed the relationship between atazanavir (ATV)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) and plasma hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load in a population of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who received ART based on a protease inhibitor (PI) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) were included. Patients were stratified by ART drug [ATV/rtv, lopinavir (LPV/rtv), efavirenz (EFV), nevirapine (NVP), and other PIs], HCV genotype (1/4 and 2/3), and IL28B genotype (CC and non-CC). The Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-squared test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariate analysis consisted of a stepwise linear regression analysis. Six hundred and forty-nine HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were included. HCV genotype 1/4 patients who received ATV had higher HCV RNA levels [6.57 (5.9-6.8) log IU/ml] than those who received LPV [6.1 (5.5-6.5) log IU/ml], EFV [6.1 (5.6-6.4) log IU/ml], NVP [5.8 (5.5-5.9) log IU/ml], or other PIs [6.1 (5.7-6.4) log IU/ml] (p=0.014). This association held for the IL28B genotype (CC versus non-CC). The association was not found in patients carrying HCV genotypes 2/3. The linear regression model identified the IL28B genotype and ATV use as independent factors associated with HCV RNA levels. ATV-based therapy may be associated with a higher HCV RNA viral load in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain. ariveror@gmail.com
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivero-Juarez
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mira
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Santos-Gil
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lopez-Cortes
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Girón-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marquez
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tellez
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caruz
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pineda
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; D060085:Coinfection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D019562:Viral Load; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011725:Pyridines; D012367:RNA, Viral; C000624353:interferon-lambda, human; D000095022:Interferon Lambda