title: Acute aortic intramural hematoma: an analysis from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is an important subgroup of aortic dissection, and controversy surrounds appropriate management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with acute aortic syndromes in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (1996-2011) were evaluated to examine differences between patients (based on the initial imaging test) with IMH or classic dissection (AD). Of 2830 patients, 178 had IMH (64 type A [42%], 90 type B [58%], and 24 arch). Patients with IMH were older and presented with similar symptoms, such as severe pain. Patients with type A IMH were less likely to present with aortic regurgitation or pulse deficits and were more likely to have periaortic hematoma and pericardial effusion. Although type A IMH and AD were managed medically infrequently, type B IMH were more frequently treated medically. Overall in-hospital mortality was not statistically different for type A IMH compared to AD (26.6% versus 26.5%; P=0.998); type A IMH managed medically had significant mortality (40.0%), although less than classic AD (61.8%; P=0.195). Patients with type B IMH had a hospital mortality that was less but did not differ significantly (4.4% versus 11.1%; P=0.062) from classic AD. One-year mortality was not significantly different between AD and IMH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute IMH has similar presentation to classic AD but is more frequently complicated with pericardial effusions and periaortic hematoma. Patients with IMH have a mortality that does not differ statistically from those with classic AD. A small subgroup of type A IMH patients are managed medically and have a significant in-hospital mortality.
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott-Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA. kharris@mplsheart.com
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Braverman
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Eagle
authors.forename: Elise M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Woznicki
authors.forename: Reed E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pyeritz
authors.forename: Truls
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myrmel
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voehringer
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fattori
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Januzzi
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gilon
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nienaber
authors.forename: Santi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trimarchi
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Isselbacher
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evangelista
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006406:Hematoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011674:Pulse; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome