title: The association of ACE, ACTN3 and PPARA gene variants with strength phenotypes in middle school-age children.
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the association between ACE I/D, ACTN3 R577X and PPARA intron 7 G/C gene polymorphisms and strength-related traits in 457 middle school-age children (219 boys and 238 girls; aged 11 ± 0.4 years). The assessment of different phenotypes was conducted with a number of performance tests. Gene polymorphisms were determined by PCR. The ACE D allele was associated with high results of standing long-jump test in boys [II 148.3 (16.3) cm, ID 152.6 (19.6) cm, DD 158.2 (19.1) cm; P = 0.037]. The ACTN3 R allele was associated with high results of performance tests in males only in combination with other genes (standing long-jump test: P = 0.021; handgrip strength test: P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the male carriers of the PPARA gene C allele demonstrated the best results of handgrip strength testing than GG homozygotes [GG 14.6 (4.0) kg, GC/CC 15.7 (4.3) kg; P = 0.048]. Thus, the ACE, ACTN3 and PPARA gene variants are associated with strength-related traits in physically active middle school-age boys.
authors.affiliation: Sport Technology Education Research Laboratory, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 33, Universiade Village, Kazan, 420138, Russia. genoterra@mail.ru.|St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 56 E, Ligovsky Ave, St Petersburg, 191040, Russia. genoterra@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Ildus I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Ahmetov
authors.affiliation: St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 56 E, Ligovsky Ave, St Petersburg, 191040, Russia.
authors.forename: Dmitry N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Gavrilov
authors.affiliation: St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 56 E, Ligovsky Ave, St Petersburg, 191040, Russia.
authors.forename: Irina V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Astratenkova
authors.affiliation: St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 56 E, Ligovsky Ave, St Petersburg, 191040, Russia.
authors.forename: Anastasiya M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Druzhevskaya
authors.affiliation: St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 56 E, Ligovsky Ave, St Petersburg, 191040, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexandr V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Malinin
authors.affiliation: St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 56 E, Ligovsky Ave, St Petersburg, 191040, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Romanova
authors.affiliation: St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 56 E, Ligovsky Ave, St Petersburg, 191040, Russia.
authors.forename: Victor A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Rogozkin
mesh_terms: D000185:Actinin / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000235:genetics*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013177:Sports
chemical_list: C118456:ACTN3 protein, human; D047493:PPAR alpha; D000185:Actinin; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A