title: β-elemene induces glioma cell apoptosis by downregulating survivin and             its interaction with hepatitis B X-interacting protein.
abstract: β-elemene, extracted from the ginger plant, possesses antitumor activity             against a broad range of cancers clinically. However, the mechanism underlying             β-elemene-induced cytotoxicity remains incompletely understood. Here, we show             that β-elemene promoted apoptotic cell death in human glioma cells, downregulated             survivin gene expression, and induced caspase-9, -3 and -7 activities. Induction             of apoptosis was associated with inhibition of survivin gene expression, and restoration             of survivin levels remarkably attenuated β-elemene-induced glioma cell death.             Moreover, we found that the interaction between surviving and HBXIP, a critical             regulator of caspase-9 activity, was impaired by β-elemene treatment. The results,             therefore, reveal a caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway induced by β-elemene in             human glioma cells, which is associated with downregulation of survivin itself             and the interaction between survivin and HBXP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Hongchuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Liyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; C110719:LAMTOR5 protein, human; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D000077022:Survivin; C445979:beta-elemene; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D053453:Caspase 9