title: Protective effect of CCR5-Δ32 against HIV infection by the heterosexual mode of transmission in a Polish population.
abstract: Effects of chemokine receptor alleles (CCR5-Δ32 and CCR2-64I) on susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were studied in a Polish population. The CCR5 and CCR2 genotypes were determined for 311 healthy, HIV-negative individuals (control group), 121 exposed to HIV infection but uninfected (EU group), and 470 HIV-positive patients. The frequency of the alleles in the control group was calculated as 0.12 for both CCR5-Δ32 and CCR2-64I. The logistic regression method was used to analyze the effects of the described factors. A protective effect was observed for the CCR5-Δ32 allele but only in the case of heterosexual exposure. Prevalence of the CCR5-Δ32/+ genotype in HIV(+) patients infected via the heterosexual route (n=61; 8.2%) was much lower than in the control group (n=311; 21.5%); in the heterosexually exposed uninfected group it was slightly higher (n=28; 25%). This suggested that in this mode of infection, the native CCR5 expression level was crucial for establishment of infection. Individuals with the CCR5-Δ32 allele have more than three times less chance of infection in the case of HIV heterosexual exposure (odds ratio, 3.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.055-10.76). However, a protective effect of the CCR5-Δ32/+ genotype was not observed in the case of intravenous drug users (IDUs). The rates of the genotype were similar in HIV-infected IDU individuals (n=356; 17.7%) and in exposed uninfected patients (n=84; 15.5%), not significantly different from control group. No effect of the CCR2 genotype was observed. The analysis revealed that the important factor increasing infection risk was, in particular, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (odds ratio, 12.9). Moreover, the effect of HCV infection was found to be age dependent. Susceptibility to HIV infection resulting from HCV positivity became weaker (6% per year) with increasing age.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland. kjzwolinska@iitd.pan.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zwolińska
authors.forename: Brygida
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knysz
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rybka
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pazgan-Simon
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gąsiorowski
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sobczyński
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gładysz
authors.forename: Egbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piasecki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000635:transmission; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length / Q000235:genetics; D054390:Receptors, CCR2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C515334:CCR2 protein, human; D054390:Receptors, CCR2; D019713:Receptors, CCR5