title: Current status of homogeneity and stability of the reference materials for nutrients in seawater.
abstract: The development of Reference Materials for Nutrients in Seawater (RMNS) has been in progress since 1993.  When RMNS were produced for nitrate, silicate, and phosphate, their initial homogeneities were as low as 0.1 to 0.2% in samples of high-nutrient seawater, such as deep water from the Pacific Ocean.  The relative standard uncertainties associated with instability during long-term (4.8 years) storage were approximately 0.2, 0.2, and 0.4% for nitrate, silicate, and phosphate, respectively.  No instability was observed for 1.9 to 6.4 years based on the ISO Guide 35:2006 criteria; however, the relative standard uncertainties associated with instability during long-term storage were larger than the initial homogeneities of RMNS.  RMNS produced by state-of-the-art techniques are currently available for global use to improve the comparability of nutrients data in the open ocean and, as discussed here, are reliable candidates to be used for certified reference materials.
authors.affiliation: Meteorological Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan. maoyama@mri-jma.go.jp
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Munehito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitao
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsuda
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Kenichro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D005502:Food; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D012015:Reference Standards; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D010710:Phosphates; D017640:Silicates