title: Target-controlled infusion of remifentanil for laryngeal mask airway insertion during sevoflurane induction in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This randomized, double-blind study investigated the suitable target effect-site concentration of remifentanil for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion during inhalation induction with sevoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients aged 18 - 60 years were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving infusions of normal saline (control group), or infusions with target effect-site remifentanil concentrations of either 1 ng/ml (R1 group) or 2 ng/ml (R2 group), 1 min after the induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane. LMA insertion was attempted 2 min after induction. Insertion conditions were graded using a six-variable, three-point scale (excellent, intermediate or poor).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 102 patients were included. The proportion of patients ranked as excellent for the LMA insertion was significantly higher in groups R1 and R2 compared with the control group. The incidence of apnoea was significantly more frequent in the R2 group than in the control or R1 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with 1 ng/ml remifentanil or normal saline, target-controlled infusion of 2 ng/ml remifentanil significantly improved the LMA insertion conditions during sevoflurane inhalational induction, although apnoeic episodes were more frequently observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University of Science and Medicine, Gil Medical Centre, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001049:Apnea / Q000139:chemically induced; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010880:Piperidines; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil