title: Nephrotoxicity of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) venom in mice is preventable by the paraspecific Hemato polyvalent antivenom (HPA).
abstract: Mice experimentally envenomed with Hypnale hypnale venom (1× and 1.5×LD₅₀) developed acute kidney injury (AKI) principally characterized by raised blood urea and creatinine. Prolonged blood clotting time and hemorrhage in lungs implied bleeding tendency. Pallor noted in most renal cortices was suggestive of renal ischemia secondary to consumptive coagulopathy. Intravenous infusion of Hemato polyvalent antivenom following experimental envenoming effectively prevented death and AKI in all mice, supporting its potential therapeutic use in envenoming cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. tanchoohock@gmail.com
authors.forename: Choo Hock
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Nget Hong
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Si Mui
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Shin Yee
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Pailoor
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jayalakshmi
authors.forename: Christeine Ariaranee
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gnanathasan
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D003435:Crotalid Venoms