title: Protective effects of alpha-pinene in mice with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a complicated inflammatory disease that has an unknown underlying pathogenesis. Because alpha-pinene can modulate inflammation, we examined whether alpha-pinene plays a role in AP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alpha-pinene was administered intraperitoneally 1h prior to the first injection of cerulein. Once AP developed, cerulein, a stable cholecystokinin analog, was injected hourly over a 6-h period. Blood samples were taken 6h later to determine serum amylase and lipase levels. The pancreas and lungs were rapidly removed for morphological examination, myeloperoxidase assay, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We also isolated the pancreatic acinar cells using a collagenase solution. Cell viability, and cytokine productions were measured in pancreatic acini.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraperitoneal administration of alpha-pinene reduced the pancreatic weight (PW) to body weight (BW) ratio and the serum levels of amylase and lipase. Alpha-pinene treatment also reduced histological damage and myeloperoxidase activity in the pancreas and lungs. Furthermore, alpha-pinene pretreatment reduced the production of pancreatic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 during cerulein-induced AP. In vitro, alpha-pinene inhibited cerulein-induced cell death and cytokine production in isolated cerulein-treated pancreatic acinar cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that alpha-pinene has an anti-inflammatory effect during cerulein-induced AP.
authors.affiliation: Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 540-749 Jeonbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Gi-Sang
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Kyoung-Chel
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun Bok
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Il-Joo
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Mee-Ok
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seung-Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Kyung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ho-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Sung-Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002108:Ceruletide; D005260:Female; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D039821:Monoterpenes; D002108:Ceruletide; D009195:Peroxidase; D008049:Lipase; D000681:Amylases; C005451:alpha-pinene