title: Direct renin inhibition modulates insulin resistance in caveolin-1-deficient mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that aliskiren improves the metabolic phenotype in a genetic mouse model of the metabolic syndrome (the caveolin-1 (cav-1) knock out (KO) mouse).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven-week-old cav-1 KO and genetically matched wild-type (WT) mice were randomized to three treatment groups: placebo (n=8/group), amlodipine (6 mg/kg/day, n=18/ group), and aliskiren (50 mg/kg/day, n=18/ group). After three weeks of treatment, all treatment groups were assessed for several measures of insulin resistance (fasting insulin and glucose, HOMA-IR, and the response to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT)) as well as for triglyceride levels and the blood pressure response to treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with aliskiren did not affect the ipGTT response but significantly lowered the HOMA-IR and insulin levels in cav-1 KO mice. However, treatment with amlodipine significantly degraded the ipGTT response, as well as the HOMA-IR and insulin levels in the cav-1 KO mice. Aliskiren also significantly lowered triglyceride levels in the cav-1 KO but not in the WT mice. Moreover, aliskiren treatment had a significantly greater effect on blood pressure readings in the cav-1 KO vs. WT mice, and was marginally more effective than amlodipine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the hypothesis that aliskiren reduces insulin resistance as indicated by improved HOMA-IR in cav-1 KO mice whereas amlodipine treatment resulted in changes consistent with increased insulin resistance. In addition, aliskiren was substantially more effective in lowering blood pressure in the cav-1 KO mouse model than in WT mice and marginally more effective than amlodipine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Somlak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chuengsamarn
authors.forename: Amanda E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Krug
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Gail K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Gordon H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Luminita H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Pojoga
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000172:deficiency; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005650:Fumarates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011897:Random Allocation; D012083:Renin / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051242:Caveolin 1; D005650:Fumarates; D007328:Insulin; D012083:Renin; D014280:Triglycerides; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors; C446481:aliskiren