title: The role of repeatedly heated soybean oil in the development of hypertension in rats: association with vascular inflammation.
abstract: Thermally oxidized oil generates reactive oxygen species that have been implicated in several pathological processes including hypertension. This study was to ascertain the role of inflammation in the blood pressure raising effect of heated soybean oil in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and were fed with the following diets, respectively, for 6 months: basal diet (control); fresh soybean oil (FSO); five-time-heated soybean oil (5HSO); or 10-time-heated soybean oil (10HSO). Blood pressure was measured at baseline and monthly using tail-cuff method. Plasma prostacyclin (PGI(2) ) and thromboxane A(2)  (TXA(2) ) were measured prior to treatment and at the end of the study. After six months, the rats were sacrificed, and the aortic arches were dissected for morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Blood pressure was increased significantly in the 5HSO and 10HSO groups. The blood pressure was maintained throughout the study in rats fed FSO. The aortae in the 5HSO and 10HSO groups showed significantly increased aortic wall thickness, area and circumferential wall tension. 5HSO and 10HSO diets significantly increased plasma TXA(2) /PGI(2)  ratio. Endothelial VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were significantly increased in 5HSO, as well as LOX-1 in 10HSO groups. In conclusion, prolonged consumption of repeatedly heated soybean oil causes blood pressure elevation, which may be attributed to inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chun-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Yusof
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamisah
authors.forename: Othman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Faizah
authors.forename: Kamsiah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaarin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D003296:Cooking; D006361:Heating / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013024:Soybean Oil