title: Three-dimensional measurement method of arthritic glenoid cavity morphology: feasibility and reproducibility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glenoid component loosening is the main complication of total shoulder arthroplasty. Better knowledge of the arthritic glenoid cavity anatomy can help in developing new implants and techniques. The goal of this study was to describe and validate the reproducibility of a CT scan-based, 3D measurement method used to describe various parameters characterizing arthritic glenoid cavity morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve CT scans and 29 CT arthrogram were evaluated. These scans were taken from 41 patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis who received an anatomical shoulder prosthesis. A 3D reconstruction of the scapula was performed based on the DICOM files. Following the 3D volume acquisition, points on the glenoid articular surface were manually extracted by three observers, each one three times, allowing one week between readings, to determine the inter- and intra-observer reproducibility. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated on five 3D parameters that were automatically calculated: glenoïd height, glenoid width, height at maximum width glenoid version and radius of the articular surface best-fit sphere.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intra-observer and inter-observer ICC were 0.91 to 0.99, and 0.95 to 0.99, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to report on a reproducible 3D measurement method, based on CT scans, for the arthritic glenoid cavity, which derives the joint radius of curvature among other morphology parameters. These 3D measurements are advantageous because they are free of problems related to patient positioning in the CT scanner and to the choice of slices, which limits the accuracy of measurements made on slices from 2D CT scans. Three-dimensional methodology similar to ours has been validated on healthy glenoids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the reliability and good reproducibility of our method, which allows us to extend this method to a larger patient cohort and adapt this automated technology to preoperative planning software.
authors.affiliation: Pasteur Private Hospital, 29200 Brest, France. gregorymoineau@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moineau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Levigne
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boileau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Walch
mesh_terms: D001175:Arthrography / Q000379:methods; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D061165:Glenoid Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*