title: Development and applications of simultaneous immunochemical staining and serial detection of overlapping proteins in blotting procedures.
abstract: Immunoblotting techniques are widely used for specific protein identifications and characterizations. The specific bindings of antibodies to epitopes in a protein sequence permits determination of antigens and gives detailed information about protein compositions and expression levels in complex suspensions. However the techniques are mostly restricted to one specific antibody determination. Overlaying proteins are detected using numerous repeated gel runs. For multiple but specific protein determinations on one immunoblot, here we describe the detection of several antigens by simultaneous incubation of antibodies originated from different species followed by sequential addition of secondary antibodies labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and binding to analogous primary antibodies. Particular signals were visualized step by step using a HRP chemiluminescence substrate while enzymatic HRP reactions were meanwhile inactivated irreversibly by hydrogen peroxide incubation. We demonstrate flexible applications of multiple antigen detections using the Western blotting technique with determination of the CNS protein markers neuron specific enolase, glial fibrillary acid protein and the physiological prion protein (PrP(C)) in brains and in meats as food contaminations and with glycotyping of PrP(C) using antibodies binding to different epitopes. We showed the use of the dot blotting technique with serial determination of different antigens in complex protein suspensions. The method is easy to handle and is flexible and applicable in the fields of diagnostics and public health for detection of overlaying proteins on one immunoblot.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Hygiene at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität and the University Hospital Münster, Robert Koch Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany. tkuczius@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuczius
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Böhler
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Humpf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D000941:Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007159:Immunologic Tests; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis; D018621:PrPC Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; D000939:Epitopes; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D018621:PrPC Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase