title: Spatial and temporal expressions of prune reveal a role in Müller gliogenesis during Xenopus retinal development.
abstract: The development of stratified retinal cell architecture is highly conserved in all vertebrates, implying that a common fundamental molecular mechanism is involved in the generation of the organized retina. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of retinal development are not fully understood. Here we have identified the Xenopus ortholog of prune and show that it is expressed in both differentiating and differentiated retinal domains during development. Interestingly, these spatial and temporal expression patterns coincide with the expression of prune binding partners, the NM23 family members. Overexpression of prune in retinal precursor cells significantly increases the ratio of Müller glial cells as observed by modulation of NM23 activity (Mochizuki et al., 2009). However, a mutated form of prune that has replacement of four aspartate (D) residues (D'Angelo et al., 2004), essential for phosphodiesterase activity, does not exhibit gliogenic activity. Our observations suggest that Xenopus prune may regulate Müller gliogenesis through phosphodiesterase-mediated regulation of NM23 family members.
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bilitou
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Marco
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garzia
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carotenuto
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campanella
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohnuma
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zollo
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001483:Base Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005136:Eye Proteins; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases