title: Office hysteroscopic findings in patients with two, three, and four or more, consecutive miscarriages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess hysteroscopic findings in patients with two, three, and four or more, consecutive miscarriages, and to compare the prevalence of uterine abnormalities between women with different numbers of such miscarriages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and sixty-five women with two or more consecutive miscarriages were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into three groups according to the number of their miscarriages: Group 1 (two miscarriages, n = 151), Group 2 (three miscariages, n = 69), and Group 3 (four or more miscarriages, n = 45). All participants underwent a diagnostic hysteroscopy. Congenital (arcuate uterus, septate uterus, unicornuate uterus) and acquired uterine abnormalities (intrauterine adhesions, polyp and submucous myoma) were recorded. The hysteroscopic results were compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No anomalies were detected in 152 patients (57%), whereas 43 (16%) had a septate uterus, 30 (11%) an arcuate uterus, three (1%) a unicornuate uterus, 18 (7%) intrauterine adhesions, 17 (6 %) endometrial polyps, and two (1%) a submucous myoma. No significant differences were found between the groups with regard to either congenital or acquired uterine abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with two, three, and four or more consecutive miscarriages have a similar prevalence of uterine anatomical abnormalities. Diagnostic hysteroscopy should be carried out after two such miscarriages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. bernaseckin1@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seckin
authors.forename: Esma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sarikaya
authors.forename: Ayla Sargin
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Oruc
authors.forename: Sevki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Celen
authors.forename: Nedim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cicek
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008499:Medical Records; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities