title: Modulation of estrogenic action in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (Review).
abstract: Two histologic types, clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC), are the common histology in ovarian cancer patients who have associated endometriosis. However, both tumor types have distinct clinicopathological characteristics and molecular phenotypes. EAC is predominantly positive for estrogen receptor (ER), but CCC specifically exhibits lower ER expression. This study reviews the current understanding of the role of the ER information in the pathogenesis of CCC, as well as the English language literature for biochemical studies on ER expression and estrogenic action in CCC. The iron-mediated oxidative stress occurs due to repeated hemorrhage in endometriosis, then this compound oxidatively modifies genomic DNA and, subsequently, ER depletion may be observed. There are a number of factors that interfere with ER expression and estrogen activity, which include DNA methylation of the promoter region, histone deacetylation, heme and iron binding, chromatin remodeling and ubiquitin ligase activity. Loss of estrogen function may be a turning point in CCC progression and aggressiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanase
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shigetomi
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kajihara
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oonogi
authors.forename: Yoriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haruta
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sado
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi