title: Effects of neuropeptide S on seizures and oxidative damage induced by pentylenetetrazole in mice.
abstract: Neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor were recently discovered in the central nervous system. In rodents, NPS promotes hyperlocomotion, wakefulness, anxiolysis, anorexia, and analgesia and enhances memory when injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Herein, NPS at different doses (0.01, 0.1 and 1nmol) was i.c.v. administered in mice challenged with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 60mg/kg) repeatedly injected. Aiming to assess behavioral alterations and oxidative damage to macromolecules in the brain, NPS was injected 5min prior to the last dose of PTZ. The administration of NPS only at 1nmol increased the duration of seizures evoked by PTZ, without modifying frequency and latency of seizures. Biochemical analysis revealed that NPS attenuated PTZ-induced oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In contrast, the administration of NPS to PTZ-treated mice increased DNA damage in the hippocampus, but not cerebral cortex. In conclusion, this is the first evidence of the potential proconvulsive effects of NPS in mice. The protective effects of NPS against lipid and protein oxidative damage in the mouse hippocampus and cerebral cortex evoked by PTZ-induced seizures are quite unexpected. The present findings were discussed analyzing the paradoxical effects of NPS: facilitation of convulsive behavior and protection against oxidative damage to lipids and proteins.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Saulo Fábio
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Bruna Pescador
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.forename: Daniela Dimer
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Leffa
authors.forename: Robson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.forename: Adriani Paganini
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Damiani
authors.forename: Giana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hainzenreder
authors.forename: Fabrícia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petronilho
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal-Pizzol
authors.forename: Remo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.forename: Girolamo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calo'
authors.forename: Elaine Cristina
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Gavioli
authors.forename: Carina Rodrigues
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Boeck
authors.forename: Vanessa Moraes
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: de Andrade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000633:toxicity*; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; C539972:neuropeptide S, mouse; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole