title: The effects of carbohydrate-rich drink on perioperative discomfort, insulin response and arterial pressure in spinal aesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the role of carbohydrate-rich drink (CHO) on perioperative discomfort, hemodynamic changes, and insulin response in patients undergoing surgery with spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four adult patients were assigned to one of the two groups of 22, namely preparation with CHO (CHO group) or fasting from midnight (control group). Ten different discomfort variables, blood glucose and insulin concentrations, and hemodynamic changes were recorded during the perioperative period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preparation with CHO was effective in reducing hunger, thirst, malaise, unfitness, and, to some extent, anxiety (p < 0.05). Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were increased in the CHO group (p < 0.05). Plasma glucose increased and insulin decreased in the control group (p < 0.05). In the control group, mean arterial pressure was lower compared to the CHO group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preparation with CHO before spinal anesthesia is advantageous due to reducing perioperative discomfort, improving insulin response and stabilizing mean arterial pressure.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Clinic of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, The Ministry of Health Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagmurdur
authors.forename: Solmaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gunal
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Handan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gulec
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Topkaya