title: Chapter 12 Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia amongst patients receiving dialysis for established renal failure in England in 2009 to 2011: a joint report from the Health Protection Agency and the UK Renal Registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection remains one of the leading causes of death in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) receiving dialysis. Since April 2007, all centres providing renal replacement therapy in England have been required to provide additional data on patients with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) infection. From January 2011 this has also been required for patients with Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA). MRSA data for 2009-2011 and the first 6 months of MSSA data are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Potential bacteraemia were identified by the Health Protection Agency based on clinical details provided and the clinical setting. The records were 'shared' with the parent renal centre who then complete the additional data on the HCAI-DCS website. Centres were also contacted by phone and email as a further validation step.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From April 2009-2010 there were 77 confirmed episodes of MRSA bacteraemia at a median rate of 0.25 per 100 prevalent dialysis patients. This number decreased to 61 episodes between April 2010-2011 at a median rate of 0 per 100 prevalent dialysis patients. Overall there has been an 82% reduction in absolute episodes since the first year of mandatory reporting in 2007. The incidence of bacteraemia in patients with a central venous catheter was approximately six fold higher than in those with an AV fistula. From 1st January to 30th June 2011 there were 160 episodes of MSSA bacteraemia with a rate of 1.06 episodes per 100 dialysis patients, again the risk was six fold higher in patients with a CVC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall rates of MRSA bacteraemia in dialysis patients continued to fall although there remained variation between renal centres. Initial data from the early days of MSSA reporting suggested high rates of infection and an even greater variation between renal centres. This requires confirmation from future data collection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, UK. renalregistry@renalregistry.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: Jennie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pitcher
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fluck
mesh_terms: D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006077:Government Agencies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006436:Hemodialysis Units, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D062666:Vascular Access Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*