title: Manganese mixture inhalation is a reliable Parkinson disease model in rats.
abstract: Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal. Regardless of its essentiality, it has been reported that the overexposure causes neurotoxicity manifested as extrapyramidal symptoms similar to those observed in Parkinson disease (PD). Recently, our group reported that mice that inhaled for 5 months the mixture of manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) and manganese acetate Mn(OAc)(3) developed movement abnormalities, significant loss of substantia nigra compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons, dopamine depletion and improved behavior with l-DOPA treatment. However, this model has only been characterized in mice. In order to have a well-supported and generalizable model in rodents, we used male Wistar rats that inhaled a mixture of 0.04 M MnCl(2) and 0.02 M Mn(OAc)(3), 1h three times a week for 6 months. Before Mn exposure, animals were trained to perform motor tests (Beam-walking and Single-pellet reaching tasks) and were evaluated each week after the exposure. The mixture of MnCl(2)/Mn(OAc)(3) caused alterations in the motor tests, 75.95% loss of SNc dopaminergic neurons, and no cell alterations in Globus Pallidus or striatum. With these results we conclude that the inhalation of the mixture of Mn compounds is a useful model in rodents for the study of PD.
authors.affiliation: Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Betancourt
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Anaya-Martínez
authors.forename: Ana Luisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Valdez
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ordoñez-Librado
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montiel-Flores
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Espinosa-Villanueva
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reynoso-Erazo
authors.forename: Maria Rosa
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Avila-Costa
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020149:Manganese Poisoning / Q000150:complications*; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D007980:Levodopa; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase