title: Mucosal Escherichia coli bactericidal activity and immune mediators are associated with HIV-1 seroconversion in women participating in the HPTN 035 trial.
abstract: The mucosal environment may impact the risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition. Immune mediators were measured in vaginal fluid collected from HPTN 035 participants who acquired HIV-1 and from those who remained HIV-1 negative (controls). Mediator concentrations were similar in samples obtained before as compared to after HIV-1 acquisition in the 8 seroconverters. Compared with controls, seroconverters were more likely to have detectable levels of HβD-2 (odds ratio [OR], 2.39; P = .005) and greater Escherichia coli bactericidal activity (OR, 1.22; P = .01) prior to seroconversion. E. coli bactericidal activity remained significant in a multivariable analysis (P = .02) and may be a biomarker for HIV-1 acquisition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. cdezzutti@mwri.magee.edu
authors.forename: Charlene S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Dezzutti
authors.forename: Barbra A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Marrazzo
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tugetman
authors.forename: Gita
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramjee
authors.forename: Taha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: Zvavahera M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Chirenje
authors.forename: Salim S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Abdool Karim
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hillier
authors.forename: Betsy C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Herold
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D012634:Bodily Secretions / Q000276:immunology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D050296:Microbial Viability; D014621:Vagina / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers