title: Nuclear Factor kappa B is central to Marek's disease herpesvirus induced neoplastic transformation of CD30 expressing lymphocytes in-vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Marek's Disease (MD) is a hyperproliferative, lymphomatous, neoplastic disease of chickens caused by the oncogenic Gallid herpesvirus type 2 (GaHV-2; MDV). Like several human lymphomas the neoplastic MD lymphoma cells overexpress the CD30 antigen (CD30(hi)) and are in minority, while the non-neoplastic cells (CD30(lo)) form the majority of population. MD is a unique natural in-vivo model of human CD30(hi) lymphomas with both natural CD30(hi) lymphomagenesis and spontaneous regression. The exact mechanism of neoplastic transformation from CD30(lo) expressing phenotype to CD30(hi) expressing neoplastic phenotype is unknown. Here, using microarray, proteomics and Systems Biology modeling; we compare the global gene expression of CD30(lo) and CD30(hi) cells to identify key pathways of neoplastic transformation. We propose and test a specific mechanism of neoplastic transformation, and genetic resistance, involving the MDV oncogene Meq, host gene products of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) family and CD30; we also identify a novel Meq protein interactome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show that a) CD30(lo) lymphocytes are pre-neoplastic precursors and not merely reactive lymphocytes; b) multiple transformation mechanisms exist and are potentially controlled by Meq; c) Meq can drive a feed-forward cycle that induces CD30 transcription, increases CD30 signaling which activates NF-κB, and, in turn, increases Meq transcription; d) Meq transcriptional repression or activation of the CD30 promoter generally correlates with polymorphisms in the CD30 promoter distinguishing MD-lymphoma resistant and susceptible chicken genotypes e) MDV oncoprotein Meq interacts with proteins involved in physiological processes central to lymphomagenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the context of the MD lymphoma microenvironment (and potentially in other CD30(hi) lymphomas as well), our results show that the neoplastic transformation is a continuum and the non-neoplastic cells are actually pre-neoplastic precursor cells and not merely immune bystanders. We also show that NF-κB is a central player in MDV induced neoplastic transformation of CD30-expressing lymphocytes in vivo. Our results provide insights into molecular mechanisms of neoplastic transformation in MD specifically and also herpesvirus induced lymphoma in general.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA. skumar@cvm.msstate.edu
authors.forename: Shyamesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kunec
authors.forename: Joram J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Buza
authors.forename: Hsin-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Huaijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Sugalesini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pendarvis
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Shane C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Burgess
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D002645:Chickens; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005838:Genotype; D008381:Herpesvirus 2, Gallid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017730:Ki-1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology; D008380:Marek Disease / Q000821:virology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C100369:Eco-Q protein, Gallid herpesvirus 2; D017730:Ki-1 Antigen; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D020033:Protein Isoforms