title: Proteomic research reveals the stress response and detoxification of yeast to combined inhibitors.
abstract: The tolerant mechanism of yeast to the combination of three inhibitors (furfural, phenol and acetic acid) was investigated using 2-DE combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. The stress response and detoxification related proteins (e.g., Ahp1p, Hsp26p) were expressed higher in the tolerant yeast than in the parental yeast. The expressions of most nitrogen metabolism related proteins (e.g. Gdh1p, Met1p) were higher in the parental yeast, indicating that the tolerant yeast decreases its nitrogen metabolism rate to reserve energy, and possesses high resistance to the stress of combined inhibitors. Furthermore, upon exposure to the inhibitors, the proteins related to protein folding, degradation and translation (e.g., Ssc1p, Ubp14p, Efb1p) were all significantly affected, and the oxidative stress related proteins (e.g., Ahp1p, Grx1p) were increased. Knockdown of genes related to the oxidative stress and unfolded protein response (Grx1, Gre2, Asc1) significantly decreased the tolerance of yeast to inhibitors, which further suggested that yeast responded to the inhibitors mainly by inducing unfolded protein response. This study reveals that increasing the detoxification and tolerating oxidative stress, and/or decreasing the nitrogen metabolism would be promising strategies in developing more tolerant strains to the multiple inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysates.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming-Zhu
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ying-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D005285:Fermentation; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D005782:Gels; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D006019:Glycolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005782:Gels; D009711:Nucleotides; C036909:lignocellulose; D019800:Phenol; D008031:Lignin; D005662:Furaldehyde; D009584:Nitrogen; D019342:Acetic Acid