title: Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate Induces MUC16 Expression via PKCδ and p38 in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is widely used as a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, PKC is involved in the secretion of mucins. MUC16, one of the membrane-bound mucins, is produced in human airway epithelial cells. However, the effect and signaling pathway of PMA on MUC16 expression in human airway epithelial cells has not been reported. Therefore, the effect and brief signaling pathway of PMA on MUC16 expression were investigated in human airway epithelial cells in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the mucin-producing human NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells and the primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, the effect and signaling pathway of PMA on MUC16 expression were investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay, and immunoblot analysis with several specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PMA increased MUC16 expression, and activated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. However, it did not activate phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) inhibited PMA-induced MUC16 expression, while U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) did not. In addition, the knockdown of p38 MAPK by p38 MAPK siRNA significantly blocked PMA-induced MUC16 mRNA expression. Rottlerin (PKCδ inhibitor) inhibited PMA-induced MUC16 expression, and also inhibited the phosphorylation of activated p38 MAPK by PMA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show for the first time that PMA-induced MUC16 expression is regulated by activation of the PKCδ and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human airway epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Hak Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Si-Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yong-Dae
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kim