title: The impact of repeated surgery and adjuvant therapy on survival for patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of glioblastoma recurrence can have a palliative aim, after considering risks and potential benefits. The aim of this study is to verify the impact of surgery and of palliative adjuvant treatments on survival after recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2002 to June 2008, we treated 76 consecutive patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Treatment was: 1-surgery alone--17 patients; 2-adjuvant-therapy alone--24 patients; 3-surgery and adjuvant therapy--16 patients; no treatment--19 patients. The impact on median overall-survival (OS-time between recurrence and death/last follow-up) of age, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), resection extent and adjuvant treatment scheme (Temozolomide alone vs low-dose fractionated radiotherapy vs others) was determined. Survival curves were obtained through the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional-hazards was used for multivariate analyses. Significance was set at p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median OS was 7 months. At univariate analysis, patients with a KPS≥70 had a longer OS (9 months vs 5 months--p<0.0001). OS was 6 months for patients treated with surgery alone, 5 months for patients that received no treatment, 8 months for patients treated with chemotherapy alone, 14 months for patients treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy--p=0.01. Patients with a KPS<70 were significantly at risk for death - HR 2.8 - p=0.001. Subgroup analysis showed no significant differences between patients receiving gross total or partial tumor resection and among patients receiving different adjuvant therapy schemes. Major surgical morbidity at tumor recurrence occurred in 16 out of 33 patients (48%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is fundamental, before deciding to operate patients for recurrence, to carefully consider the impact of surgical morbidity on outcome.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, l.go F. Vito, 1 00168 Rome, Italy. debonisvox@gmail.com
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Bonis
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiorentino
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anile
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pompucci
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.forename: Gigliola
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sica
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lama
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maira
authors.forename: Annunziato
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangiola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010166:Palliative Care; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012086:Reoperation; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014463:Ultrasonography