title: Mitochondria, myocardial remodeling, and cardiovascular disease.
abstract: The process of muscle remodeling lies at the core of most cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac adaptation to pressure or volume overload is associated with a complex molecular change in cardiomyocytes which leads to anatomic remodeling of the heart muscle. Although adaptive at its beginnings, the sustained cardiac hypertrophic remodeling almost unavoidably ends in progressive muscle dysfunction, heart failure and ultimately death. One of the features of cardiac remodeling is a progressive impairment in mitochondrial function. The heart has the highest oxygen uptake in the human body and accordingly it has a large number of mitochondria, which form a complex network under constant remodeling in order to sustain the high metabolic rate of cardiac cells and serve as Ca(2+) buffers acting together with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, this high dependence on mitochondrial metabolism has its costs: when oxygen supply is threatened, high leak of electrons from the electron transport chain leads to oxidative stress and mitochondrial failure. These three aspects of mitochondrial function (Reactive oxygen species signaling, Ca(2+) handling and mitochondrial dynamics) are critical for normal muscle homeostasis. In this article, we will review the latest evidence linking mitochondrial morphology and function with the process of myocardial remodeling and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Hugo E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Verdejo
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: del Campo
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Troncoso
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Barbra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toro
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quiroga
authors.forename: Zully
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pedrozo
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Pablo F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavandero
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium