title: Methanol extract of dried exudate of Commiphora mukul prevents bone resorption in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gum guggul, a resinous exudate of the plant Commiphora mukul Engl. (Burseraceae), has been found efficacious in the treatment of bone fractures, arthritis, and hyperlipidemic disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study is an effort to explore the anti-bone-resorptive potential of the dried methanol extract of the gummy exudate of C. mukul (MECM) in ovariectomized rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were randomly divided into five groups of equal size (n = 6). Animals in all the groups were ovariectomized except group 1, which was sham operated. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were treated with Raloxifene, MECM 250 mg/kg and MECM 500 mg/kg, respectively. The 2nd group was fed with vehicle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  biochemical estimations, viz., alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartarate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), serum calcium (Ca); biomechanical evaluations, and histopathological examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LD(50) of MECM was found to be > 2500 mg/kg orally. A significant elevation was observed in the ALP, TRAP, Ca and cholesterol levels in the 2nd group with a significant reduction in biomechnical strength. Groups 3, 4 and 5, showed a significant reduction in TRAP and ALP levels (p < 0.001). The Ca levels were normalized in the groups 4 and 5, while cholesterol levels dropped in group 5. The bone strength, however, was normalized in all the groups (p < 0.001) along with the histopathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggested a significant gain in bone strength and nearly complete restoration of bone microarchitecture along with lowered levels of TRAP indicating the anti-bone resorptive potential of the extract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical sciences, Manipal University, Madhavnagar, Manipal, India. saleem.khan@manipal.edu
authors.forename: Saleemulla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Chandresh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Vinit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shirwaikar
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D029744:Commiphora / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D002784:Cholesterol; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium; D000432:Methanol