title: Seizures and type 1 diabetes mellitus: current state of knowledge.
abstract: In this review, we will try to analyze the possible coexistence between epilepsy or seizures and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), in order to establish if there is more than a casual association, and to investigate possible mechanisms underlying this link. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Abs) have been associated with T1DM and a great number of neurological diseases such as epilepsy. Epilepsy can be a feature of a large variety of autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. GAD-Abs can have a role at the basis of the possible link between epilepsy and T1DM, although their real pathogenetic mechanism in neurological diseases is still unknown. Metabolic conditions such as hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, common problems in diabetic patients, may be also implicated, even if their underlying mechanism is minimally understood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Via Dei Vestini 5, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verrotti
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scaparrotta
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012640:Seizures / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase