title: Reduction of vitreous contamination rate after 25-gauge vitrectomy by surface irrigation with 0.25% povidone-iodine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether repeated ocular surface irrigation with 0.25% povidone-iodine, which is highly bactericidal and nonoculotoxic, reduces bacterial contamination of the vitreous during 25-gauge vitrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 4,407 eyes undergoing 25-gauge vitrectomy were studied; of these, 2,801 were irrigated with infusion fluid (group A) and 1,606 with 0.25% povidone-iodine (group B). In each group (A and B), 103 eyes were studied bacteriologically, using ocular surface fluid samples after placing lid speculum (S1), after operative field irrigation (S2), and in vitreous samples at the beginning (V1) and at the completion of vitrectomy (V2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial contamination rate in S1 did not differ significantly between the groups A (5.5%) and B (6.8%). However, the contamination rates in S2, V1, and V2 were apparently lower in group B (0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively) than in group A (2.0%, 1.0%, and 2.0%, respectively). Incidence of endophthalmitis was 0 of 2,801 eyes in group A and 0 of 1,606 eyes in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 25-gauge vitrectomy, repeated operative field irrigation with 0.25% povidone-iodine reduced bacterial contamination in vitreous to extremely low level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan. sshimada@olive.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashizuka
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Ryusaburo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuzawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002648:Child; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D011206:Povidone-Iodine