title: Brassica nigra plays a remedy role in hepatic and renal damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Black mustard [Brassica nigra (L.) Koch] of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) family is commonly used as a spice and a cheap source of antimicrobial agents for bacterial infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present investigation was to demonstrate the protective effect of the methanol extract of B. nigra leaves against D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatic and nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Activity of the methanol extract of B. nigra at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt. against D-GalN (500 mg/kg b.wt.) induced toxicity, with silymarin used as the standard. Histological damage, activities of serum marker enzyme, hematological changes, metabolites such as bilirubin, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels, tissue thiobarbutric acid reactive substance, enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants and inflammatory marker enzymes such as myeloperoxidase, cathepsin D, and acid phosphatase were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The D-GalN-induced toxicity was evident from a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the serum and tissue inflammatory markers in toxic rats, when compared with the control (saline alone treated animals). The B. nigra pretreated groups (200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt.) showed significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the D-GalN-induced toxicity as obvious from biochemical parameters. Histopathological observations confirm the protective effect of B. nigra leaf extract by reduction in hepatic and renal tissue damage. Experimentals extract showed a similar effect as the standard.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The crude methanol extract of B. nigra leaf lacks inherent toxicity and exhibits hepatic and nephroprotective effects against D-GalN-induced toxicity in Wistar rats.
authors.affiliation: PG & Research Department of Biochemistry, M.G.R. College, Hosur, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajamurugan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suyavaran
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Selvaganabathy
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ramamurthy
authors.forename: G Pramodh
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sujatha
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thirunavukkarasu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005688:Galactosamine; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D009149:Mustard Plant / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D012838:Silymarin; D012997:Solvents; D005688:Galactosamine; D000432:Methanol