title: Comparison of the protective effect of dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid on long-term histologic damage in a rat model of testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemia reperfusion injury arising from testicular torsion results in a loss of spermatogenesis and a significant increase in germ cell apoptosis. We investigated the effects of dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 2 well-known platelet inhibitors, on testicular ischemia reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6 for each group): control, sham-operated, torsion/detorsion (T/D), T/D + dipyridamole, and T/D + ASA. Testicular ischemia was achieved by rotating the left testis 720° clockwise for 2 hours. Thirty minutes before torsion, 10 mg/kg dipyridamole was injected transperitoneally in the T/D + dipyridamole group, and 100 mg/kg ASA was injected transperitoneally in the T/D + ASA group. Sixty days after the initial surgical procedure, ipsilateral orchiectomies were performed for histopathologic examination to determine Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy score (MTBS), mean seminiferous tubular diameter (MSTD), and apoptotic index (AI) in all groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unilateral testicular torsion-detorsion led to a significant decrease in Johnsen's MTBS and MSTD values in the ipsilateral testis and a significant increase in AI values of the T/D group. There were no significant differences between the T/D + dipyridamole and control groups in terms of MSTD and MTBS values. Although an amount of improvement exits in T/D + ASA group, there were significant differences between the T/D + ASA and control group MSTD and MTBS values. There was no significant difference between the T/D + dipyridamole and control groups in terms of AI values (P > .05), but the differences between the T/D + ASA and control groups were significant despite a slight decline in AI values of the T/D + ASA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that the use of dipyridamole before testicular reperfusion has a potentially protective effect against long-term injury in testicular ischemia reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey. ersagunkaraguzel@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ersagun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karagüzel
authors.forename: Ömer
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Kutlu
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yuluğ
authors.forename: Sevdegül
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mungan
authors.forename: İlke Onur
authors.initials: İO
authors.lastname: Kazaz
authors.forename: Doğan Sabri
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Tok
authors.forename: Güner Kemal
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Özgür
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D004176:Dipyridamole; D001241:Aspirin