title: Induction of electrophile-responsive element (EpRE)-mediated gene expression by tomato extracts in vitro.
abstract: The market for food products with additional health benefits is increasing rapidly and tools for identification of bio-functional characteristics of food items are essential. To facilitate the detection of beneficial effects of tomato on gene expression, methods to prepare tomato extracts suitable to test in the EpRE LUX assay and other cell-based reporter gene assays for health-related bioactivity mechanisms, were developed. An isoprenoid-containing chloroform extract of tomato fruit and most individual isoprenoids did not induce electrophile-responsive element (EpRE)-mediated gene expression. A semi-polar extract of tomato fruits, enzymatically hydrolysed to remove the glycosyl residues from the phenolic ingredients was able to induce EpRE-mediated luciferase expression at both mRNA and protein level, which might be partly due to the presence of quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin and naringenin chalcone. It was concluded that induction of EpRE-regulated genes, such as detoxifying phase II and antioxidant enzymes, may contribute to the beneficial health effects of tomato.
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands. Linda.Gijsbers@wur.nl
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gijsbers
authors.forename: Henriëtte D L M
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: van Eekelen
authors.forename: Thuy H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Laura H J
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van der Burg
authors.forename: Jac M M J G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aarts
authors.forename: Ivonne M C M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Rietjens
authors.forename: Arnaud G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bovy
mesh_terms: D061745:Antioxidant Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008156:Luciferases