title: Intraperitoneal injection of magnetic Fe₃O₄-nanoparticle induces hepatic and renal tissue injury via oxidative stress in mice.
abstract: Because of its unique magnetic properties, the iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticle has been widely exploited and its application in various fields has promised immense benefits. However, doubts exist over the use of Fe₃O₄-nanoparticles in human beings. Thus, the aim of the current study was to find out the potential safety range of medical use. Twenty-five Kunming mice were exposed to Fe₃O₄-nanoparticles via intraperitoneal injection daily for 1 week at doses of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. Hepatic and renal tissues were sliced for physiological observation. Injuries were observed in the high-dose groups (20 and 40 mg/kg) compared with the control group (0 mg/kg). Biomarkers of reactive oxygen species, glutathione, malondialdehyde, DNA-protein crosslinks, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the hepatic and renal tissues were detected. Injury to tissues and oxidative damage to cells at the molecular level was found. The safest dose recommended from the results of this study is 5 mg/kg, as we believe this to be an upper limit balancing the benefits and risks for sub-long-term exposure.
authors.affiliation: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jiaoe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Shumao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Zhuge
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species