title: Behavior in the open field predicts the number of KCl-induced cortical spreading depressions in rats.
abstract: Anxiety disorders are known to be comorbid with migraine, and cortical spreading depression (CSD) is the most likely cause of the migraine aura. To search for possible correlations between susceptibility to CSD and anxiety we used the open field test in male Sprague-Dawley rats chronically treated with the preventive anti-migraine drugs valproate or riboflavin. Animals avoiding the central area of the open field chamber and those with less exploratory activity (i.e. rearing) were considered more anxious. After 4 weeks of treatment CSDs were elicited by application of 1M KCl over the occipital cortex and the number of CSDs occurring over a 2h period was compared to the previously assessed open field behavior. Higher anxiety-like behavior was significantly correlated with a higher frequency of KCl-induced CSDs. In saline-treated animals, fewer rearings were found in animals with more frequent CSDs (R=-1.00). The duration of ambulatory episodes in the open field center correlated negatively with number of CSDs in the valproate group (R=-0.83; p<0.005) and in riboflavin treated group (R=-0.69; p<0.05) as well as total time spent in the open field center in both groups (R=-0.75; p<0.05 and R=-0.58; p<0.1 respectively). These results suggest that anxiety symptoms are associated with susceptibility to CSD and might explain why it can be an aggravating factor in migraine with aura.
authors.affiliation: Headache Research Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, CHU T4+1, Av de l'Hôpital 1, Liege 4000, Belgium; University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City 84108, UT, USA. Electronic address: vlabogd@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Volodymyr Borysovych
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Bogdanov
authors.affiliation: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str., 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine; University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City 84108, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Olena Viktorivna
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Bogdanova
authors.affiliation: Headache Research Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, CHU T4+1, Av de l'Hôpital 1, Liege 4000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stanislav Vladimirovich
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Koulchitsky
authors.affiliation: Headache Research Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, CHU T4+1, Av de l'Hôpital 1, Liege 4000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chauvel
authors.affiliation: Headache Research Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, CHU T4+1, Av de l'Hôpital 1, Liege 4000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Multon
authors.affiliation: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str., 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Mykola Yukhymovych
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Makarchuk
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City 84108, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin Christopher
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City 84108, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Perry Franklin
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Renshaw
authors.affiliation: Headache Research Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, CHU T4+1, Av de l'Hôpital 1, Liege 4000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoenen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D013181:Cortical Spreading Depression / Q000187:drug effects*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000187:drug effects; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014815:Vitamins; D014635:Valproic Acid; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D012256:Riboflavin