title: Minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes inhibit the production of TNF-α in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As an adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis, it seems that the application of periocline or the other antimicrobials is effective against periodontopathogens. In this study, nanoliposomes were investigated as carriers of minocycline hydrochloride and the inhibition effects of minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes on the proliferation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of macrophages were elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  After stimulation with 10 μg/mL LPS, murine macrophages (ANA-1) were treated with 10, 20, 40, 50 and 70 μg/mL 2% minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes, minocycline hydrochloride solution, and periocline for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 60 hours, respectively. A tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to evaluate macrophages cell proliferation rate and the levels of TNF-α mRNA were measured by SYBR Green Real Time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten to 70 μg/mL 2% minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes, minocycline hydrochloride solution, and periocline showed dose- and time-dependent inhibition of ANA-1 proliferation. Minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes showed dose- and ratio-dependent inhibition of LPS-stimulated TNF-α secretion of ANA-1. The inhibition effect of 10 μg/mL minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes was significantly better than that of two positive control groups, and equated to that of 60 or 70 μg/mL periocline. The expression of TNF-α mRNA in experimental group continued to reduce linearly with time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All three preparations of minocycline hydrochloride showed dose- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation of ANA-1. Minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes have stronger and longer inhibition effect on LPS-stimulated TNF-α secretion of macrophages cell than minocycline hydrochloride solution and periocline.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008911:Minocycline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008081:Liposomes; D053769:Nanocapsules; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008911:Minocycline