title: The eukaryotic transcriptional machinery regulates mRNA translation and decay in the cytoplasm.
abstract: In eukaryotes, nuclear mRNA synthesis is physically separated from its cytoplasmic translation and degradation. Recent unexpected findings have revealed that, despite this separation, the transcriptional machinery can remotely control the cytoplasmic stages. Key to this coupling is the capacity of the transcriptional machinery to "imprint" the transcript with factors that escort it to the cytoplasm and regulate its localization, translation and decay. Some of these factors are known transcriptional regulators that also function in mRNA decay and are hence named "synthegradases". Imprinting can be carried out and/or regulated by RNA polymerase II or by promoter cis- and trans-acting elements. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: RNA polymerase II Transcript Elongation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Nili
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dahan
authors.forename: Mordechai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors; D012319:RNA Polymerase II