title: Postoperative radiographs after pinning of supracondylar humerus fractures:  are they necessary?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the necessity of early postoperative radiographs after pinning of supracondylar humerus fractures by determining both the percentage of patients who displayed change in fracture fixation and whether these changes affected their outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 643 consecutive patients who underwent operative management of Gartland type II and III fractures at our institution between January 2002 and December 2010 were reviewed. Demographic data were obtained through chart review, including age, sex, extremity, fracture type, and mechanism. Intraoperative fluoroscopic images were compared with postoperative radiographs to identify changes in fracture alignment and pin placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 643 patients (320 females, 323 males) with a mean age of 6.1 years (range, 1.1 to 16.0) were reviewed. Fifty-seven percent of fractures were classified as type II and 43% were type III. The overall complication rate was 8.8% (57/643). Pin backout or fracture translation was seen in 32 patients (4.9%) at the first postoperative visit. All of these patients sustained type III fractures. One of these patients required further operative management. Patients with changes in pin or fracture alignment did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in time to first postoperative visit (P=0.23), days to pin removal (P=0.07), or average follow-up time (P=0.10). Fracture severity did not correlate with change in alignment (P=0.952). No postoperative neurological complications were observed in patients with alignment changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mild alignment changes and pin migration observed in postoperative radiographs after pinning of supracondylar humerus fractures have little effect on clinical management parameters or long-term sequelae. Radiographs can therefore be deferred until the time of pin removal provided adequate intraoperative stability was obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Nemours Children's Clinic, Wilmington, DE, USA.
authors.forename: Mara S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Karamitopoulos
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: Aaron G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Littleton
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kruse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001858:Bone Nails; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome