title: Skin autofluorescence as a marker of cardiovascular risk in children with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined skin autofluorescence (sAF) in chronic kidney disease children (CKD) in relation to renal function and dialysis modality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty children on hemodialysis (HD), 20 on peritoneal dialysis (PD), 36 treated conservatively, and 26 healthy subjects were enrolled into the study. In all children sAF, pulse-wave velocity indexed to height (PWV/ht), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), blood pressure (BP), serum lipid profile, phosphate (P), calcium (Ca), and homocysteine were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sAF was significantly elevated in CKD groups vs. controls and was significantly associated with PWV/ht, LVMI, BP, P, Ca × P product and homocysteine. sAF in HD and PD groups was positively correlated with dialysis vintage, and in the predialysis group negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multiple regression analysis showed significant association of sAF with LVMI and P in the CKD patient group, and with dialysis treatment duration and BP in dialyzed children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In CKD children, tissue accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) was observed. This was aggravated as eGFR declined and was related to early cardiovascular changes and some biochemical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers. sAF as a non-invasive method may be a useful tool for identification of a clinical risk factors of cardiovascular disease in CKD children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Borowska 213, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Makulska
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szczepańska
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drożdż
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Polak-Jonkisz
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zwolińska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061848:Optical Imaging; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced