title: Comparison of velocity vector imaging echocardiography with magnetic resonance imaging in mouse models of cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myocardial strain imaging using echocardiography can be a cost-effective method to quantify ventricular wall motion objectively, but few studies have compared strain measured with echocardiography against magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in small animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We compared circumferential strain (CS) and radial strain (RS) measured with echocardiography (velocity vector imaging [VVI]) to displacement encoding with stimulated-echo MRI in 2 mouse models of cardiomyopathy. In 3-month-old mice with gene targeted deficiency of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C(-/-), n=6) or muscle LIM protein (MLP(-/-), n=6), and wild-type mice (n=8), myocardial strains were measured at 3 cross-sectional levels and averaged to obtain global strains. There was modest correlation between VVI and MRI measured strains, with global CS yielding stronger correlation compared with global RS (CS R(2)=0.4452 versus RS R(2)=0.2794, both P<0.05). Overall, strain measured by VVI was more variable than MRI (P<0.05) and the limits of agreement were slightly, but not significantly (P=0.14), closer for global CS than RS. Both VVI and MRI strain measurements showed significantly lower global CS strain in the knockout groups compared with the wild type. The VVI (but not MRI) CS strain measurements were different between the 2 knockout groups (-14.5±3.8% versus -6.6±4.0%, cMyBP-C(-/-) versus MLP(-/-) respectively, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of left ventricular CS and RS are feasible in small animals using 2-dimensional echocardiography. VVI and MRI strain measurements correlated modestly and the agreement between the modalities tended to be greater for CS than RS. Although VVI and MRI strains were able to differentiate between wild-type and knockout mice, only global CS VVI differentiated between the 2 models of cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-5038, USA.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.forename: Candida L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Desjardins
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schluchter
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liner
authors.forename: Julian E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Stelzer
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hoit
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016276:Ventricular Function