title: Structures of human DPP7 reveal the molecular basis of specific inhibition and the architectural diversity of proline-specific peptidases.
abstract: Proline-specific dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) are emerging targets for drug development. DPP4 inhibitors are approved in many countries, and other dipeptidyl peptidases are often referred to as DPP4 activity- and/or structure-homologues (DASH). Members of the DASH family have overlapping substrate specificities, and, even though they share low sequence identity, therapeutic or clinical cross-reactivity is a concern. Here, we report the structure of human DPP7 and its complex with a selective inhibitor Dab-Pip (L-2,4-diaminobutyryl-piperidinamide) and compare it with that of DPP4. Both enzymes share a common catalytic domain (α/β-hydrolase). The catalytic pocket is located in the interior of DPP7, deep inside the cleft between the two domains. Substrates might access the active site via a narrow tunnel. The DPP7 catalytic triad is completely conserved and comprises Ser162, Asp418 and His443 (corresponding to Ser630, Asp708 and His740 in DPP4), while other residues lining the catalytic pockets differ considerably. The "specificity domains" are structurally also completely different exhibiting a β-propeller fold in DPP4 compared to a rare, completely helical fold in DPP7. Comparing the structures of DPP7 and DPP4 allows the design of specific inhibitors and thus the development of less cross-reactive drugs. Furthermore, the reported DPP7 structures shed some light onto the evolutionary relationship of prolyl-specific peptidases through the analysis of the architectural organization of their domains.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Gustavo Arruda
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dobrovetsky
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Almagul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seitova
authors.forename: Lissete
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crombett
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shewchuk
authors.forename: Annie M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hassell
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sweitzer
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Sweitzer
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McDevitt
authors.forename: Kyung O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Johanson
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kennedy-Wilson
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cossar
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bochkarev
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: Sirano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhe-Paganon
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016466:CHO Cells; D002384:Catalysis; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D006224:Cricetinae; D019281:Dimerization; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D004152:Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D007313:Insecta; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011392:Proline / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D011392:Proline; D004152:Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; C100151:dipeptidyl peptidase II; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4