title: Determination of volatile nitrosamines in grilled lamb and vegetables using comprehensive gas chromatography - nitrogen chemiluminescence detection.
abstract: The grilling of meat may generate dangerous levels of mutagenic and carcinogenic nitrosamines (NAs). Meat and vegetable samples underwent a two-step solid-phase extraction before analysis by comprehensive gas chromatography with a nitrogen chemiluminescence detection system (GCxGC-NCD). The GCxGC-NCD method showed high selectivity, sensitivity and equimolarity in its response to six specific NAs. NA contamination of charcoal-grilled lamb at various stages of cooking and with various fat contents and also charcoal-grilled vegetables were investigated. The grilling of lamb on unready charcoal resulted in the formation of considerable quantities of NAs. Grilling lamb on properly prepared, ready charcoal resulted in an increase in total concentrations of six NAs from 0 to 4.51 μg kg(-1) over a period of 16 min. Increasing the fat content of the grilled lamb from 5% to 20% caused a modest increase in total concentrations of the six investigated NAs from 4.51 to 5.30 μg kg(-1).
authors.affiliation: The University of Gaziantep, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kocak
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ozel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gogus
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D003296:Cooking; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000032:analysis*; D012756:Sheep; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009602:Nitrosamines; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds