title: Comparison of effects of propofol and ketamine-propofol mixture (ketofol) on laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions and hemodynamics in elderly patients: a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the effects of ketamine-propofol mixture (ketofol) and propofol on ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) insertion conditions and hemodynamics in elderly patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty elderly patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, were randomly divided into two groups to receive either propofol 0.15 ml/kg (n = 40), or ketofol (using a 1:1 single-syringe mixture of 5 mg/ml ketamine and 5 mg/ml propofol) (n = 40) before induction of anesthesia. Sixty seconds after induction, the PLMA was inserted. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure (systolic [S] BP) were recorded prior to the induction of anesthesia, immediately following induction, immediately after PLMA insertion, and 5 and 10 min after PLMA insertion. PLMA insertion conditions were scored according to mouth opening, swallowing, coughing, head and body motion, laryngospasm, and ease of PLMA insertion by the same experienced anesthesiologist, who did not know which agents were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in PLMA insertion conditions between the groups. The number of patients in need of ephedrine (P = 0.043) and the total dose of ephedrine (P = 0.022) were significantly lower, and apnea duration (P < 0.001) was significantly higher in the ketofol group compared with the propofol group. SBP was significantly higher in the ketofol group than in the propofol group immediately after PLMA insertion and 5 min after PLMA insertion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The same PLMA insertion conditions were found with ketofol and propofol. The number of patients in need of ephedrine and the total ephedrine dose were lower and apnea duration was increased in the ketofol group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey. drmalierdogan@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.forename: Zekine
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Begec
authors.forename: Mustafa Said
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Aydogan
authors.forename: Ulku
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozgul
authors.forename: Aytac
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yucel
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colak
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durmus
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D001049:Apnea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007649:Ketamine; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D015742:Propofol; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D007649:Ketamine; D004809:Ephedrine; D010100:Oxygen; D015742:Propofol