title: Reducing postnatal depression, anxiety and stress using an infant sleep intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the psychological well-being of mothers following participation in a behavioural modification programme previously shown to improve infant sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 45 min consultation with either a general practitioner (GP) or trained nurse providing verbal and written information describing sleep physiology in infants and strategies to improve infant sleep. Eighty mothers of infants 6-12 months of age with established infant sleep problems at a single general practice, Adelaide, South Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS21) immediately prior to the first consultation and again at follow-up approximately 3 weeks later. The number of infant nocturnal awakenings requiring parental support was also reported by mothers on both occasions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All measures of maternal well-being and infant nocturnal awakenings improved significantly. The mean number of maximum nocturnal awakenings decreased from 5.0 to 0.5 (mean difference 4.4, 95% CI 3.4 to 5.5). All measures of DASS21 improved significantly. The mean total DASS21 decreased from 29.1 to 14.9 (mean decrease 14.2, 95% CI 10.2 to 18.2); mean depression decreased from 7.9 to 2.8 (mean difference 5.2, 95% CI 3.7 to 6.7); mean anxiety decreased from 4.6 to 2.6 (mean difference 2.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 3.2); mean stress decreased from 16.6 to 9.5 (mean difference 7.0, 95% CI 5.1 to 9.0). The proportion of mothers assessed as having any degree of depression decreased by 85% from 26/80 (32.5%) to 4/80 (5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of nocturnal awakenings requiring parental support among infants aged 6-12 months significantly decreased following a single consultation on infant sleep physiology and teaching behavioural strategies to improve sleep. Significant improvements in maternal stress, anxiety and depression were also observed.
authors.affiliation: Kensington Park Medical Practice, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Symon
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bammann
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crichton
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lowings
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tucsok