title: [Ophthalmologic screening history and vision-targeted health status of patients suffering from chloroquine maculopathy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maculopathy or retinopathy can develop as a side effect of chloroquine intake. Despite recommendations for ophthalmologic screening by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) severe toxic retinal damage still occurs. This study aims to clarify how maculopathy affects patient quality of life and whether it arises only due to non-compliance with screening guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients suffering from chloroquine maculopathy were questioned about the ophthalmologic examinations that took place under therapy and completed a German version of the 25 item visual function questionnaire (VFQ-25).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of ten female patients were included in the analysis. Weighted visual acuity ranged from 0.09 to 0.8. Median composite score of the VFQ-25 was 33.9. All patients were periodically screened for ocular toxicity with a median trimestrial screening frequency but five patients did not receive all recommended methods of examination. There was suspicion of retinal damage in only one patient even without the patient reporting complaints. Median time span between onset of visual complaints and the cessation of the drug was 12 months. All patients with complaints reported a continuing deterioration of vision even after cessation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chloroquine maculopathy has a major impact on the vision-related health status of affected patients, emphasizing the need for its anticipation. Although patients were screened even more frequently than recommended by the AAO only half were examined properly and nine out of ten patients had a delay in diagnosis and in drug cessation. The continuing deterioration of vision even after termination of intake further contributes to the severity of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Augenklinik Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland. richard.bergholz@charite.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergholz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rüther
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tillack
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joussen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schroeter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002738:Chloroquine