title: Epidemiological and serological aspects of hepatitis A among children and teenagers in the city of Santos: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Viral hepatitis A is still a concern at public health level in Brazil and around the world, due both to the number of affected subjects and the possibility of complications in the acute forms. The Brazilian Ministry of Health estimates that at least 70% of this country's population has already had contact with the hepatitis A virus (HAV). The aim here was to discover the prevalence of serological markers for the hepatitis A virus among children and teenagers at daycare facilities, kindergartens and elementary schools in the city of Santos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study in kindergartens and elementary schools within the municipal education network in several regions of the city of Santos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students' family members were surveyed using a questionnaire and 4,680 finger-prick blood samples were taken and assayed by means of the ELISA technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The general prevalence of anti-HAV IgG was 9.72% and, of these cases, 74.6% were reactive to anti-HAV IgM. There was higher prevalence of anti-HAV IgG among older children, females, children who played in streams, those whose homes were not connected to the sewage system, those whose parents had low education levels, those with low household income and those who did not live along the seashore. The prevalence of anti-HAV IgM peaked in the early years and subsequently fell, and it was lower on the hills and in the Northwestern Zone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The general prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis A was low in Santos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. ciaccia@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Maria Célia Cunha
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ciaccia
authors.forename: Regina Célia
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Alexandre Archanjo
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: Marcílio Figueiredo
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Isabel Takano
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.forename: Gilda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Porta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002947:Cities / Q000453:epidemiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D017957:Hepatitis A Virus, Human / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G