title: Sinus microbiome diversity depletion and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum enrichment mediates rhinosinusitis.
abstract: Persistent mucosal inflammation and microbial infection are characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Mucosal microbiota dysbiosis is found in other chronic inflammatory diseases; however, the relationship between sinus microbiota composition and CRS is unknown. Using comparative microbiome profiling of a cohort of CRS patients and healthy subjects, we demonstrate that the sinus microbiota of CRS patients exhibits significantly reduced bacterial diversity compared with that of healthy controls. In our cohort of CRS patients, multiple, phylogenetically distinct lactic acid bacteria were depleted concomitant with an increase in the relative abundance of a single species, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum. We recapitulated the conditions observed in our human cohort in a murine model and confirmed the pathogenic potential of C. tuberculostearicum and the critical necessity for a replete mucosal microbiota to protect against this species. Moreover, Lactobacillus sakei, which was identified from our comparative microbiome analyses as a potentially protective species, defended against C. tuberculostearicum sinus infection, even in the context of a depleted sinus bacterial community. These studies demonstrate that sinus mucosal health is highly dependent on the composition of the resident microbiota as well as identify both a new sino-pathogen and a strong bacterial candidate for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Hensill 534, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.|Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Nabeetha A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nagalingam
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Yuanlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Roediger
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pletcher
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Susan V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D003352:Corynebacterium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D054892:Metagenome / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010802:Phylogeny; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult