title: Utility of Maoto in an influenza season where reduced effectiveness of oseltamivir was observed - a clinical, non-randomized study in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In an influenza season where reduced effectiveness of oseltamivir was observed, we investigated the effectiveness of Maoto for influenza infection in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed with influenza by rapid diagnostic kit underwent treatment in one of the following groups: Maoto-treated group (group 1 (M)); oseltamivir-treated group (group 2 (O)); Maoto+oseltamivir-treated group (group 3 (M+O)); zanamivir-treated group (group 4 (Z)); and Maoto+zanamivir-treated group (group 5 (M+Z)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In influenza A patients who completed the study (n = 150), the mean duration of fever after administration (DFA) was significantly shorter in group 3 (M+O) (31.1 h, p < 0.01) and in group 4 (Z) (35.2 h, p < 0.05), as compared to group 2 (O) (56.0 h). Among these, in patients aged ≤5 years (n = 54), DFA was significantly shorter in group 1 (M) (33.2 h, p < 0.05) and in group 3 (M+O) (34.6 h, p < 0.05), as compared to group 2 (O) (61.4 h). In influenza B patients who completed the study (n = 70), no significant differences in DFA were observed among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maoto may be useful, particularly in cases of influenza with low sensitivity to oseltamivir and in patients aged ≤5 years for whom the use of zanamivir is difficult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ohmura Hospital, Chiba, Japan. yo-14057-tori-umi@ozzio.jp
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toriumi
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Osam
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mazda
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy*; D029521:Alphainfluenzavirus / Q000187:drug effects; D029524:Betainfluenzavirus / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012621:Seasons; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D053243:Zanamivir / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C493483:Mao-to; D053139:Oseltamivir; D053243:Zanamivir