title: CD4(+)CD28(null) T lymphocyte frequency, a new marker of cardiovascular risk: relationship with polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the frequency of CD4(+)CD28(null) T cells, which are aggressive T lymphocytes associated with recurrent coronary instability and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in different polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes and in age- and body mass index-matched healthy women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unit of human reproductive pathophysiology, university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 167 PCOS patients and 102 control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  CD4(+)CD28(null) T cell frequency, high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels, and other glucose-metabolic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD4(+)CD28(null) frequency was significantly higher in all PCOS groups than in control subjects. CD4(+)CD28(null) frequency was significantly higher in nonhyperandrogenic phenotype (5.7%, range 3.2-7.1) than in phenotypes with hyperandrogenism (H) + oligoamenorrhea (O) + polycystic ovary (PCO) (3.5%, range 1-5.8), H + O (3%, range 1.8-4.7), and H + PCO (2.63%, range 1.2-4.1). The relative risk of non-H phenotype for PCOS women in the highest quartile for CD4(+)CD28(null) frequency compared with PCOS women with the lowest quartile was 3.2 (95% confidence interval 1.9-5.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiovascular risk evaluation should be performed in all PCOS phenotypes. In particular, we demonstrated that the non-H phenotype has potentially increased cardiovascular risk in terms of CD4(+)CD28(null) frequency.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. morofrancy@gmail.com
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morciano
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tropea
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sagnella
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palla
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scarinci
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cosentino
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niccoli
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liuzzo
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzone
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Apa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers