title: Antibasal Ganglia Antibodies and Antistreptolysin O in Noncomorbid ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An association between streptococcal infections, ABGA positivity, and no comorbidity ADHD (nc-ADHD) has been little investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the streptococcal infection frequency, defined entitled serum antistreptolysin O (ASO), and frequency of serum ABGA positivity in a sample of patients with nc-ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all 40 participants were investigated the ASO titer and ABGA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that ABGA positivity was statistically significantly higher in patients affected by ADHD than in patients of a control group, and pathological values of ASO were statistically more frequent in the ADHD group than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that streptococcal infections and autoimmune reactions against the basal ganglia are more frequent in ADHD patients than patients in a control group.
authors.affiliation: University of "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toto
authors.affiliation: University of "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Margari
authors.affiliation: University of "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simone
authors.affiliation: University of "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.affiliation: University of "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Giuseppina
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Petruzzelli
authors.affiliation: University of "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tafuri
authors.affiliation: University of "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy l.margari@neurol.uniba.it.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Margari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D000989:Antistreptolysin / Q000032:analysis*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000989:Antistreptolysin