title: High-efficiency solution-processed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin-film solar cells prepared from binary and ternary nanoparticles.
abstract: A new solution-based method to fabricate Cu(2)ZnSn(S,Se)(4) (CZTSSe) thin films is presented. Binary and ternary chalcogenide nanoparticles were synthesized and used as precursors to form CZTSSe thin films. The composition of the CZTSSe films can be easily controlled by adjusting the ratio of the nanoparticles used. The effect of compositional adjustment on device performance is illustrated. Laboratory-scale photovoltaic cells with 8.5% total-area efficiency (or 9.6% active-area efficiency) were demonstrated without anti-reflective coatings. Material characterization data revealed the formation of a bilayer microstructure during thermal processing and suggested a path forward on device improvement.
authors.affiliation: DuPont Central Research and Development, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880, United States. yanyan.cao@usa.dupont.com
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Denny
authors.forename: Jonathan V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Caspar
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Farneth
authors.forename: Qijie
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Alex S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ionkin
authors.forename: Lynda K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Meijun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Malajovich
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radu
authors.forename: H David
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.forename: Kaushik Roy
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu