title: Ocular changes in pregnant Nigerian women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnancy results in a lot of hormonal changes in the body and the eyes are no exception. These ocular changes could be physiologic, pathologic or a modification of a pre-existing condition. The aim of this study was to determine physiologic ocular changes that are associated with pregnancy in healthy Nigerian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 women were followed longitudinally through out the course of their pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum. The women were recruited at 8 weeks of pregnancy at the anti-natal clinic in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The women were aged between 20 and 35 years. Tests carried out included visual acuity, ophthalmoscopy, retinoscopy, and tonometry. The tests were carried out in each of the three trimesters of pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a fall in intraocular pressure across the trimesters and this was very significant (P<0.0001). Postpartum, the intraocular pressure began to rise. The difference between the third trimester and post-partum values was also statistically significant (P< 0.0001). The difference in visual acuity through out the pregnancy was not significant (P= 0.8477). Although, there was a fall in refractive error across the different trimesters, it was not statistically significant (P=0.3). There was also no difference in the third trimester and the 6 weeks postpartum values of both visual acuity and refractive error.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular changes associated with pregnancy are transient and most tend to resolve postpartum, with values returning to near pre-pregnant state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Nigeria. jenniferebeigbe@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ebeigbe
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Ebeigbe
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ighoroje
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005123:Eye; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult