title: Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1), Theta 1 (GSTT1), and Pi 1 (GSTP1) genes and epithelial ovarian cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure of ovarian cells to estrogen, which is detoxified by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), has been associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested in this study whether the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms alter the risk of EOC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA from 132 EOC patients and 132 controls was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. The differences between groups were analyzed by χ<formula> ^{2}</formula> or Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of GSTP1 Ile/Ile (57.6% versus 45.5%, P=0.03), GSTM1 null plus GSTP1 Ile/Ile (43.5% versus 25.8%; P=0.03) and GSTM1 null plus GSTT1 null plus GSTP1 Ile/Ile (30.3% versus 7.7%; P=0.007) genotypes were higher in patients than in controls. Individuals with the respective genotypes had a 1.80 (95% CI: 1.06-3.06), 2.38 (95% CI: 1.08-5.24) and 11.28 (95%CI: 1.95-65.30)-fold increased risks of EOC than those with the remaining genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data present preliminary evidence that GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms, particularly in combination, constitute important inherited EOC determinants in individuals from Southeastern Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Gustavo Jacob
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: Regina Aparecida Martinho
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sagarra
authors.forename: Sophie Françoise Mauricette
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Derchain
authors.forename: José Getulio
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Segalla
authors.forename: Carmen Silvia Passos
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human