title: HPLC-PDA-MS and NMR characterization of a hydroalcoholic extract of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara peel with antiedematogenic activity.
abstract: The phytochemical profile of a hydroalcoholic extract of Citrus aurantium var. amara L. peel, used as herbal medicine, was characterized by HPLC-PDA-MS. Two di-C-glycosyl flavones (vincenin II and diosmetin 6,8-di-C-glucoside), a series of flavones (luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside, rhoifolin, and neodiosmin), and flavanone (neoeriocitrin, naringin, and neohesperidin) 7-O-neohesperidosides and two methoxyflavones (nobiletin and tangeretin), commonly present in Citrus, were identified. Furthermore, brutieridin and melitidin, two 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl flavanone glycosides, were also characterized along with rhoifolin 4'-glucoside and three coumarins (8,3'-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-2'-hydroxy-3'-methylbutyl-7-methoxycoumarin, merazin hydrate, and isomerazin). A preparative isolation procedure followed by NMR spectroscopy confirmed the proposed structures of the major flavonoids and identified the coumarins. The phenolic content was found to be 14.8 mg mL(-1), and naringin and neohesperidin were the compounds present in the highest concentration (3.6 and 2.6 mg mL(-1)). The extract of C. aurantium peel inhibited significantly (p < 0.05) both histamine- and dextran-induced edema in rats in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50) = 119.6 and 118.3 mg kg(-1), respectively), providing evidence for the therapeutic use of C. aurantium var. amara peel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mencherini
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Campone
authors.forename: Anna Lisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Piccinelli
authors.forename: Milagros García
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mesa
authors.forename: Dulce María
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Rita Patrizia
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rastrelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy*; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D047309:Flavones; D010936:Plant Extracts