title: Preliminary state of development of prediction models for primary care physical therapy: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the methodological quality and developmental stage of prediction models for musculoskeletal complaints that are relevant for physical therapists in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search was carried out in the databases of Medline, Embase, and Cinahl. Studies on prediction models for musculoskeletal complaints that can be used by primary care physical therapists were included. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed and relevant study characteristics were extracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search retrieved 4,702 references of which 29 studies were included in this review. The study quality of the included studies showed substantial variation. The studied populations consisted mostly of back (n=10) and neck pain (n=6) patients, and patients with knee complaints (n=4). Most studies (n=22) used "perceived recovery" as primary outcome. Most prediction models (n=18) were at the derivation level of development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many prediction models are available for a wide range of patient populations. The developmental stage of most models is preliminary and the study quality is often moderate. We do not recommend physiotherapist to use these models yet. All models reviewed here are in the developmental stage and need validation and impact evaluation before using them in daily practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy (HC302), AVANS University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 90116, 4800 RA Breda, The Netherlands. l.vanoort@avans.nl
authors.forename: Lieke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Oort
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Bart W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Koes
authors.forename: Riekie H C W
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: de Vet
authors.forename: Han J R
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Anema
authors.forename: Martijn W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Heymans
authors.forename: Arianne P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Verhagen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods