title: Engineering protein filaments with enhanced thermostability for nanomaterials.
abstract: Self-assembling protein templates have enormous potential as biomaterials for the fabrication of multifunctional nanostructures that require precise positioning of individual molecules in regular patterns over large surface areas. Furthermore, the development of protein templates that are stable under extreme conditions of heat or chemical denaturants will expand processing conditions and end-use applications for biomaterials that require exceptional stability and robustness. In the present work, we characterized the high thermal stability of a filamentous protein template, the γ-prefoldin (γPFD) from the hyperthermophile Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, and subsequently used rational design to further enhance the filament's thermal stability for application as a biotemplate in the creation of platinum nanowires. The γPFD assembles into long fibers with lengths that exceed 2 μm, which when heated to various temperatures and examined by transmission electron microscopy, revealed a T(m)  of 93°C for the quaternary filament structure. Subsequently, we increased the hydrophobicity of the α-helices of the γPFD's coiled-coil, which appeared to strengthen the filamentous structure, leading to filaments of greater length at elevated temperatures. These enhanced filaments functioned as templates for the synthesis of platinum nanowires at unprecedented temperatures, and may create new opportunities for other applications of nanoscale biotemplates that require exceptional thermal stability. See accompanying commentary by Jonathan S. Dordick DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200338.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dominic J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giger
authors.forename: Jihyun R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D015870:Gene Expression; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008958:Models, Molecular; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009154:Mutation; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry*; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D058849:Protein Refolding; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; C112806:prefoldin; D010984:Platinum