title: Stability of human enteric viruses in seawater samples from mollusc depuration tanks coupled with ultraviolet irradiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the stability in seawater of human adenovirus (HAdV2), murine norovirus (MNV-1) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a shellfish depuration system with and without ultraviolet (UV) treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seawater was seeded with viruses and disinfected using a 36 W lamp. Samples were collected at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h; viruses were concentrated and the viral decay was evaluated using molecular and cell culture methods. Based on the molecular results, at 120 h of disinfection, there was a reduction of more than 3 log(10) for HAdV2 and HAV; MNV-1, a 4.5 log(10) reduction was observed at 72 h. Infectious MNV-1 was not detected after 72 h of treatment; while HAdV2 remained infectious. Seawater not treated demonstrated a progressive viral reduction for the three viruses tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The UV reduced the number of viral particles, and the results indicate there is natural and gradual decrease of viral load and viability in seawater.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UV irradiation is the method of choice for shellfish depuration in many countries; this work showed useful information about the viral stability in seawater and application of UV to water disinfection to be used in shellfish depuration tanks.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil. adriabreucorrea@gmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Abreu Corrêa
authors.forename: D S M
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moresco
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kleemann
authors.forename: L A T
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: C R M
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Barardi
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008974:Mollusca; D029322:Norovirus / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012623:Seawater / Q000821:virology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D019562:Viral Load; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D038301:Virus Inactivation
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral