title: Effectiveness of a novel gas-release endorectal balloon in the removal of rectal gas for prostate proton radiation therapy.
abstract: Endorectal balloons (ERBs) are routinely used in prostate proton radiation therapy to immobilize the prostate and spare the rectal wall. Rectal gas can distend the rectum and displace the prostate even in the presence of ERBs. The purpose of this work was to quantify the effects an ERB with a passive gas release conduit had on the incidence of rectal gas. Fifteen patients who were treated with a standard ERB and 15 with a gas-release ERB were selected for this retrospective study. Location and cross-sectional area of gas pockets and the fraction of time they occurred on 1133 lateral kilovoltage (kV) images were analyzed. Gas locations were classified as trapped between the ERB and anterior rectal wall, between the ERB and posterior rectal wall, or superior to the ERB. For patients using the standard ERB, gas was found in at least one region in 45.8% of fractions. Gas was trapped in the anterior region in 37.1% of fractions, in the posterior region in 5.0% of fractions, and in the sigmoid region in 9.6% of fractions. For patients using the ERB with the gas-release conduit, gas was found in at least one region in 19.7% of fractions. Gas was trapped in the anterior region in 5.6% of fractions, in the posterior region in 8.3% of fractions, and in the sigmoid region in 7.4% of fractions. Both the number of fractions with gas in the anterior region and the number of fractions with gas in at least one region were significantly higher in the former group than in the latter. The cross-sectional area of trapped gas did not differ between the two groups. Thus gas-release balloon can effectively release gas, and may be able to improve clinical workflow by reducing the need for catheterization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Landon S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wootton
authors.forename: Rajat J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kudchadker
authors.forename: A Sam
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Beddar
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005740:Gases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D009929:Organ Size; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D061766:Proton Therapy; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D012007:Rectum / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005740:Gases