title: Challenges facing lithium batteries and electrical double-layer capacitors.
abstract: Energy-storage technologies, including electrical double-layer capacitors and rechargeable batteries, have attracted significant attention for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, bulk electricity storage at power stations, and "load leveling" of renewable sources, such as solar energy and wind power. Transforming lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors requires a step change in the science underpinning these devices, including the discovery of new materials, new electrochemistry, and an increased understanding of the processes on which the devices depend. The Review will consider some of the current scientific issues underpinning lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Banyeon-ri, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nam-Soon
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Zonghai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Stefan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Freunberger
authors.forename: Xiulei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Yang-Kook
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amine
authors.forename: Gleb
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yushin
authors.forename: Linda F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Nazar
authors.forename: Jaephil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Bruce