title: Identification of human parechovirus genotype, HPeV-12, in a paralytic child with diarrhea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New genotypes of human parechoviruses have been readily identified after improvement of diverse diagnostic tools. We hereby report the detection of a new genotype, HPeV 12, from a child presented with diarrhea and paralysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The genetic variability of human parechoviruses has recently expanded defining 16 genotypes however data available covers only 11 genotypes. The present study was designed to determine the genetic characterization of human parechovirus identified in a child with gastroenteritis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Stool samples are referred to Virology Department, NIH-Pakistan for the routine detection of enteroviruses and polioviruses through cell culture and RT-PCR. Five of isolates showing cytopathic effect on L20B cell line but negative for poliovirus were further explored for human parechovirus using multiple cell lines and RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human Coxsackie A virus type 2, 3, 6 and 20 were found in four samples whereas the fifth sample contained human parechovirus genotype 12. Efficient growth of human parechovirus was found on L20B cells while Vero and LLC-MK2 cells showed no apparent cytopathic effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study describes the detection of a new human parechovirus genotype (HPeV-12) in a paralytic child with diarrhea. Human parechoviruses are now considered as potential pathogens that may cause a number of serious clinical complications especially in infants and young children. These findings emphasize to conduct large scale epidemiological surveys in the country to understand their association with clinical diseases especially gastroenteritis, respiratory and neurological disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Masroor
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khurshid
authors.forename: Shahzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaukat
authors.forename: Salmaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharif
authors.forename: Muhammad Suleman
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Mehar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angez
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naeem
authors.forename: Syed Sohail Zahoor
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zaidi
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000821:virology*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010154:Pakistan; D010243:Paralysis / Q000821:virology*; D030061:Parechovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014776:Virus Cultivation
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral