title: Symptomatic therapy in multiple sclerosis: the role of cannabinoids in treating spasticity.
abstract: A large proportion of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have spasticity, which has a marked impact on their quality of life. Anecdotal evidence suggests a beneficial effect of cannabis on spasticity as well as pain. Recently, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have confirmed the clinical efficacy of cannabinoids for the treatment of spasticity in patients with MS. Based on these data, nabiximols (Sativex), a 1:1 mix of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol extracted from cloned Cannabis sativa chemovars, received approval for treating MS-related spasticity in various countries around the globe. In this article we review the current understanding of cannabinoid biology and the value of cannabinoids as a symptomatic treatment option addressing spasticity in patients with MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Verena Isabell
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Leussink
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Husseini
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Warnke
authors.forename: Erasmia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Broussalis
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: Bernd C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kieseier