title: Patulin and secondary metabolite production by marine-derived Penicillium strains.
abstract: Genus Penicillium represents an important fungal group regarding to its mycotoxin production. Secondary metabolomes of eight marine-derived strains belonging to subgenera Furcatum and Penicillium were investigated using dereplication by liquid chromatography (LC)-Diode Array Detector (DAD)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS. Each strain was grown on six different culture media to enhance the number of observable metabolites. Thirty-two secondary metabolites were detected in crude extracts with twenty first observations for studied species. Patulin, a major mycotoxin, was classically detected in extracts of Penicillium expansum, and was also isolated from Penicillium antarcticum cultures, whose secondary metabolome is still to be done. These detections constituted the first descriptions of patulin in marine strains of Penicillium, highlighting the risk for shellfish and their consumers due to the presence of these fungi in shellfish farming areas. Patulin induced acute neurotoxicity on Diptera larvae, indicating the interest of this bioassay as an additional tool for detection of this major mycotoxin in crude extracts.
authors.affiliation: LUNAM université, Université de Nantes, MMS, Nantes, France. marieke.vansteelandt@univ-nantes.fr
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vansteelandt
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kerzaon
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blanchet
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fossi Tankoua
authors.forename: Thibaut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Robiou Du Pont
authors.forename: Yolaine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Joubert
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monteau
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Le Bizec
authors.forename: Jens C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Frisvad
authors.forename: Yves François
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Pouchus
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Grovel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D004175:Diptera / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010365:Patulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D010407:Penicillium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D010365:Patulin