title: Preretinal partial pressure of oxygen gradients before and after experimental pars plana vitrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate preretinal partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) gradients before and after experimental pars plana vitrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arteriolar, venous, and intervascular preretinal PO2 gradients were recorded in 7 minipigs during slow withdrawal of oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes (10-μm tip diameter) from the vitreoretinal interface to 2 mm into the vitreous cavity. Recordings were repeated after pars plana vitrectomy and balanced salt solution (BSS) intraocular perfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arteriolar, venous, and intervascular preretinal PO2 at the vitreoretinal interface were 62.3 ± 13.8, 22.5 ± 3.3, and 17.0 ± 7.5 mmHg, respectively, before vitrectomy; 97.7 ± 19.9, 40.0 ± 21.9, and 56.3 ± 28.4 mmHg, respectively, immediately after vitrectomy; and 59.0 ± 27.4, 25.2 ± 3.0, and 21.5 ± 4.5 mmHg, respectively, 2½ hours after interruption of BSS perfusion. PO2 2 mm from the vitreoretinal interface was 28.4 ± 3.6 mmHg before vitrectomy; 151.8 ± 4.5 mmHg immediately after vitrectomy; and 34.8 ± 4.1 mmHg 2½ hours after interruption of BSS perfusion. PO2 gradients were still present after vitrectomy, with the same patterns as before vitrectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preretinal PO2 gradients are not eliminated after pars plana vitrectomy. During BSS perfusion, vitreous cavity PO2 is very high. Interruption of BSS perfusion evokes progressive equilibration of vitreous cavity PO2 with concomitant progressive return of preretinal PO2 gradients to their previtrectomy patterns. This indicates that preretinal diffusion of oxygen is not altered after vitrectomy. The beneficial effect of vitrectomy in ischemic retinal diseases or macular edema may be related to other mechanisms, such as increased oxygen convection currents or removal of growth factors and cytokines secreted in the vitreous.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retinal Neurobiology and Vascular Physiology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ioannis K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Petropoulos
authors.forename: Jean-Antoine C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pournaras
authors.forename: Alexandros N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Stangos
authors.forename: Constantin J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pournaras
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D008839:Microelectrodes; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen