title: The burden and severity of illness due to 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in a large US city during the late summer and early fall of 2009.
abstract: In estimates of illness severity from the spring wave of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, reported case fatality proportions were less than 0.05%. In prior pandemics, subsequent waves of illness were associated with higher mortality. The authors evaluated the burden of the pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) outbreak in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, in the fall of 2009, when increased influenza activity heralded the second wave of the pandemic in the United States. Using data from a community survey, existing surveillance systems, public health laboratories, and local hospitals, they estimated numbers of pH1N1-associated illnesses, emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and deaths occurring in metropolitan Atlanta during the period August 16, 2009-September 26, 2009. The authors estimated 132,140 pediatric and 132,110 adult symptomatic cases of pH1N1 in metropolitan Atlanta during the investigation time frame. Among children, these cases were associated with 4,560 ED visits, 190 hospitalizations, 51 ICU admissions, and 4 deaths. Among adults, they were associated with 1,130 ED visits, 590 hospitalizations, 140 ICU admissions, and 63 deaths. The combined symptomatic case hospitalization proportion, case ICU admission proportion, and case fatality proportion were 0.281%, 0.069%, and 0.024%, respectively. Influenza burden can be estimated using existing data and local surveys. The increased severity reported for subsequent waves in past pandemics was not evident in this investigation. Nevertheless, the second pH1N1 pandemic wave led to substantial numbers of ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in metropolitan Atlanta.
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. sdoshi1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Saumil S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.forename: Kendra E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Stauffer
authors.forename: Amy Parker
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Fiebelkorn
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lafond
authors.forename: Heidi A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Andria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Apostolou
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Adam N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Karcz
authors.forename: J Renee
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Kyle P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Openo
authors.forename: Joy G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Yenlik
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheteyeva
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schrag
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005845:Georgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D058873:Pandemics; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012621:Seasons; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult