title: Long intergenic non-coding RNA TUG1 is overexpressed in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression via chromatin reprogramming. Taurine Up-regulated Gene 1 (TUG1) is a lincRNA that is associated with chromatin-modifying complexes and plays roles in gene regulation. In this study, we determined the expression patterns of TUG1 and the cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induced by silencing TUG1 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression levels of TUG1 were determined using Real-Time qPCR in a total of 44 patients with bladder urothelial carcinomas. Bladder urothelial carcinoma T24 and 5637 cells were transfected with TUG1 siRNA or negative control siRNA. Cell proliferation was evaluated using MTT assay. Apoptosis was determined using ELISA assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TUG1 was up-regulated in bladder urothelial carcinoma compared to paired normal urothelium. High TUG1 expression levels were associated with high grade and stage carcinomas. Cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction were observed in TUG1 siRNA-transfected bladder urothelial carcinoma T24 and 5637 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that lincRNA TUG1 is emerging as a novel player in the disease state of bladder urothelial carcinoma. TUG1 may have potential roles as a biomarker and/or a therapeutic target in bladder urothelial carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yuchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yaoting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C500572:TUG1 noncoding RNA, mouse