title: Extraction of ochratoxin A in bread samples by the QuEChERS methodology.
abstract: A QuEChERS method for the extraction of ochratoxin A (OTA) from bread samples was evaluated. A factorial design (2(3)) was used to find the optimal QuEChERS parameters (extraction time, extraction solvent volume and sample mass). Extracts were analysed by LC with fluorescence detection. The optimal extraction conditions were: 5 g of sample, 15 mL of acetonitrile and 3 min of agitation. The extraction procedure was validated by systematic recovery experiments at three levels. The recoveries obtained ranged from 94.8% (at 1.0 μg kg(-1)) to 96.6% (at 3.0 μg kg(-1)). The limit of quantification of the method was 0.05 μg kg(-1). The optimised procedure was applied to 20 samples of different bread types ("Carcaça", "Broa de Milho", and "Broa de Avintes") highly consumed in Portugal. None of the samples exceeded the established European legal limit of 3 μg kg(-1).
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paíga
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oliva-Teles
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delerue-Matos
authors.forename: Sofia C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: Celeste Matos
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lino
mesh_terms: D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A