title: Validation of a field technique and characterization of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analysis in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
abstract: Monitoring adrenocortical activity in wild primate populations is critical, given the well-documented relationship between stress, health, and reproduction. Although many primate studies have quantified fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations, it is imperative that researchers validate their method for each species. Here, we describe and validate a technique for field extraction and storage of FGMs in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Our method circumvents many of the logistical challenges associated with field studies while yielding similar results to a commonly used laboratory method. We further validate that our method accurately reflects stress physiology using an adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge in a captive chimpanzee and an FGM peak at parturition in a wild subject. Finally, we quantify circadian patterns for FGMs for the first time in this species. Understanding these patterns may allow researchers to directly link specific events with the stress response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, USA. cmmurray@gwu.edu
authors.forename: Carson M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Heintz
authors.forename: Elizabeth V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Lonsdorf
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Parr
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Santymire
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000502:physiology*; D036801:Parturition; D012621:Seasons; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013636:Tanzania
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone