title: Female sexual arousal disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Definitions and terminology for female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) are currently being debated. While some authors have suggested that FSAD is more a subjective response rather than a genital response, others have suggested that desire and arousal disorders should be combined in one entity. Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is a new entity which is suggested to be defined as Restless Genital Syndrome. Aims.  The aims of this brief review are to give definitions of the different types of FSAD, describe their aetiology, prevalence and comorbidity with somatic and psychological disorders, as well as to discuss different medical and psychological assessment and treatment modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experts of the International Society for Sexual Medicine's Standard Committee convened to provide a survey using relevant databases, journal articles, and own clinical experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female Arousal Disorders have been defined in several ways with focus on the genital or subjective response or a combination of both. The prevalence varies and increases with increasing age, especially at the time of menopause, while distress decreases with age. Arousal disorders are often comorbid with other sexual problems and are of biopsychosocial etiology. In the assessment, a thorough sexological history as well as medical and gynecological history and examination are recommended. Treatment should be based on of the symptoms, clinical findings and, if possibly, on underlying etiology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recommendations are given for assessment and treatment of FSAD and PGAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sexological Research, Rigshospitalet 7411, Copenhagen, Denmark. annamaria.giraldi@regionh.dk
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giraldi
authors.forename: Alessandra H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rellini
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pfaus
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laan
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy