title: Microsurgical reconstruction of the smile--contemporary trends.
abstract: The treatment of facial palsy is a complex and challenging area of plastic surgery. Microsurgical innovation has introduced the modern age of dynamic reconstruction for facial palsy. This review will focus on microsurgical reconstruction for smile restoration in patients with long-standing facial palsy. The most common donor muscles and nerves will be presented. The advantages and disadvantages of single-stage versus multi-stage reconstruction will be discussed. Contemporary trends will be highlighted and the authors' preferred practice outlined.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. amomeni@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Momeni
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Rohit K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Khosla
mesh_terms: D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000637:transplantation; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000637:transplantation; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012904:Smiling; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome