title: Is the food frequency consumption essential as covariate to estimate usual intake of episodically consumed foods?
abstract: BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to verify the performance of the frequency of consumption as variable for prediction of the usual intakes of foods.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 725 individuals who answered two nonconsecutive 24-h recall and one food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in the 'Healthy Survey-Sao Paulo-Brazil'. An additional indicator variable indicating if one is usual consumer was created before analyzing. The Multiple Source Method and National Cancer Institute method were used to estimate usual intake of selected food considering different models of prediction: with no covariates; with FFQ; with FFQ plus indicator variable; and with only indicator variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For foods that are consumed every day or almost every day, the inclusion of the FFQ and/or the indicator variable as covariates resulted in similar percentiles of consumption when compared with the model with no covariates. For episodically consumed foods, the models with FFQ plus indicator variable and with only indicator variable estimated similar percentiles of intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the indicator variable instead the FFQ appears as a good alternative to estimate usual intake of episodically consumed foods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Estate University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. verlyjr@ims.uerj.br
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verly-
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fisberg
authors.forename: D M L
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Marchioni
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys / Q000592:standards*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*