title: C-Phycocyanin protects SH-SY5Y cells from oxidative injury, rat retina from transient ischemia and rat brain mitochondria from Ca2+/phosphate-induced impairment.
abstract: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment are essential in the ischemic stroke cascade and eventually lead to tissue injury. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) has previously been shown to have strong antioxidant and neuroprotective actions. In the present study, we assessed the effects of C-PC on oxidative injury induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH) in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, on transient ischemia in rat retinas, and in the calcium/phosphate-induced impairment of isolated rat brain mitochondria (RBM). In SH-SY5Y cells, t-BOOH induced a significant reduction of cell viability as assessed by an MTT assay, and the reduction was effectively prevented by treatment with C-PC in the low micromolar concentration range. Transient ischemia in rat retinas was induced by increasing the intraocular pressure to 120mmHg for 45min, which was followed by 15min of reperfusion. This event resulted in a cell density reduction to lower than 50% in the inner nuclear layer (INL), which was significantly prevented by the intraocular pre-treatment with C-PC for 15min. In the RBM exposed to 3mM phosphate and/or 100μM Ca(2+), C-PC prevented in the low micromolar concentration range, the mitochondrial permeability transition as assessed by mitochondrial swelling, the membrane potential dissipation, the increase of reactive oxygen species levels and the release of the pro-apoptotic cytochrome c. In addition, C-PC displayed a strong inhibitory effect against an electrochemically-generated Fenton reaction. Therefore, C-PC is a potential neuroprotective agent against ischemic stroke, resulting in reduced neuronal oxidative injury and the protection of mitochondria from impairment.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marín-Prida
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pentón-Rol
authors.forename: Fernando Postalli
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Luciane Carla
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Alberici
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stringhetta
authors.forename: Andréia Machado
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leopoldino
authors.forename: Zeki
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Naal
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Morseli
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Polizello
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llópiz-Arzuaga
authors.forename: Marcela Nunes
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: José Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Liberato
authors.forename: Wagner Ferreira Dos
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Sergio Akira
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Uyemura
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pentón-Arias
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Curti
authors.forename: Gilberto L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pardo-Andreu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010798:Phycocyanin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010798:Phycocyanin; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; C020243:calcium phosphate