title: Anti-influenza virus effects of elderberry juice and its fractions.
abstract: Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) has traditionally been used for treating influenza and colds. We evaluated the antiviral effect of concentrated juice of elderberry (CJ-E) on the human influenza A virus (IFV). CJ-E had a relatively strong effect on IFV-infected mice, although its anti-IFV activity was weak in a cell culture system. The in vivo anti-IFV activities of the fractions were determined after separating CJ-E by ultrafiltration and anion-exchange chromatography. Oral administration of the high-molecular-weight fractions of CJ-E to IFV-infected mice suppressed viral replication in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs), and increased the level of the IFV-specific neutralizing antibody in the serum, as well as the level of secretory IgA in BALFs and feces. Fr. II from high-molecular-weight fraction HM, which contained acidic polysaccharides, showed relatively strong defense against IFV infection. We conclude that CJ-E had a beneficial effect by the stimulating immune response and preventing viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 399 Noda, Noda, Chiba 278-0037, Japan. ekinoshita@mail.kikkoman.co.jp
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obata
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001628:Beverages; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000821:virology; D002460:Cell Line; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004285:Dogs; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts; D027923:Sambucus; D014462:Ultrafiltration; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts