title: Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rapidly progressive and life-threatening infection that is seen most commonly in persons with diabetes. The infecting organisms usually consist of mixed flora, including Escherichia coli (68%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9%) and Proteus mirabilis. Females are affected twice as often as men, and mortality rates can be as high as 80%. Obstructive uropathy, urinary calculi, calyceal stenosis and neoplasms are significant predisposing factors. We report a case of EPN in a patient with the human immunodeficiency virus infection, without diabetes mellitus or urinary tract obstruction, which responded remarkably to conservative management with antibiotics alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Calicut Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India. ashifmhmd@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mohamed Ashif
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandeep
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sasidharan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060085:Coinfection; D004646:Emphysema / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents