title: Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines & oxidative stress with insulin resistance & non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cytokines, adipokines, and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, such data remain scarce in India. The present study evaluated pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and markers of oxidative stress in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and their association with degree of adiposity, insulin resistance and markers of disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present prospective cross-sectional pilot study included 79 subjects; 34 NAFLD, 22 chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) and 23 healthy controls (HC). The parameters studied were adiponectin, leptin, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1 and 6 (IL-1, IL-6), and systemic markers of oxidative stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean body mass index (kg/m 2 ) in NAFLD patients, CHB, and HC were 26.4±3.7, 21.3±2.3, and 22.3±2.7, respectively. The median serum levels of all pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher (P<0.001) in NAFLD compared to control groups. Compared to HC, levels of adiponectin and leptin were significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) reduced in both NAFLD and CHB. IL-6 showed marked and selective increase only in NAFLD patients. The levels of IL-6 were significantly (P<0.02) higher in NAFLD patients with advanced histology grade and correlated with IR (r=0.42, P=0.02). In a sub-group, markers of oxidative stress were significantly higher, and that of antioxidant potential were significantly lower among NAFLD patients compared to control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with NAFLD revealed significantly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased oxidative stress, and a significant association of IL-6 with IR and advanced histopathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chhabra
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.forename: Kaushal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.forename: S Datta
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Subrat K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.forename: Shankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanal
authors.forename: Subrat K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Acharya
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007249:Inflammation; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D016207:Cytokines; D007328:Insulin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid