title: Characterization of NODs and TLRs in innate immune response of human cementoblast cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microbial Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs), are essential for mammalian innate immune response. In this study, we examined the characterization of NODs and TLRs on innate immune responses in human cementoblast (HCEM) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gene expression of NODs and TLRs was examined by RT-PCR. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) productions in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the degradation of IκB-α and Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in response to their agonist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of NODs and TLRs were apparently expressed in HCEM cells. Although a few gene levels were weak in intact cells, the stimulation by their agonists increased the gene expression of TLRs. NODs and TLRs led to the production of IL-6 or IL-8 and the degradation of IκB-α and MAPK activation in HCEM cells. Combination treatment of NOD1 or NOD2 agonists with TLRs agonists did not influence the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in HCEM cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that NODs and TLRs are functionally expressed in HCEM cells and can trigger innate immune responses. However, NOD1 and NOD2 may not be cooperated with TLRs to elicit an immune response in HCEM cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Institute, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: H-E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S-K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: S-G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases