title: Real time and non-destructive analysis of tablet coating thickness using acoustic microscopy and infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
abstract: Tablet coating thicknesses were estimated using several techniques such as weight gain and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in comparison with acoustic microscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Acoustic microscopy, used for the first time in such an application, is based on the physical phenomenon of ultrasound propagation through the materials and the echoes generated by their interfaces. Based on the time of flights (TOFs) of the echoes from the coating surface and the tablet, it is possible to calculate the coating thickness. In order to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of these methods, drug tablets were coated with Kollicoat SR polymer for several times, so that to prepare tablets with different coating thicknesses. Tablets with 3, 6 and 9 wt% coating material have been prepared and based on SEM micrographs it was found that the tablet coating thickness is 71.99 ± 1.2 μm, 92.5 ± 1.7 μm and 132.3 ± 2.1 μm, respectively (SEM analysis). The tablet coating thicknesses measured with acoustic microscopy and infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, were in agreement with those obtained using SEM. This verifies that both techniques can be successfully applied for real time and non-destructive thickness measurements of tablet coating. Furthermore, both techniques, compared with SEM and weight gained measurements, are fast and fully automated.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece. dbic@chem.auth.gr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bikiaris
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koutri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alexiadis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Damtsios
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karagiannis
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000737:chemistry; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; D013607:Tablets; C013215:polyvinyl acetate; D019946:Propylene Glycol