title: Endoscopic treatment of adversely located osteomas of the frontal sinus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assess the utility and limitations of an endoscopic technique in the treatment of osteomas that are considered difficult to manage endoscopically, ie, those located superiorly or laterally in the frontal sinus, extending beyond a virtual plane through the lamina papyracea, and we describe the principles of a surgical technique that facilitates removal of such tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective study on 8 patients with symptomatic frontal sinus osteomas, including tumors extending past the commonly recognized limits of endoscopic resection because of their size or site of attachment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tumors were removed by a purely transnasal endoscopic approach. No major complications were observed during or after the operation. All patients experienced improvement or total regression of their symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With appropriate instruments and specific endoscopic techniques, it is possible to resect osteomas that not long ago were deemed inaccessible to endoscopic surgeons. The commonly recognized limits of endoscopic treatment of such tumors may be exceeded in some cases; however, favorable anatomic conditions are decisive for a successful operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sieśkiewicz
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lyson
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piszczatowski
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rogowski
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015522:Frontal Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D010016:Osteoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies