title: Primary enamel permeability: a SEM evaluation in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the occurrence of outward fluid flow on primary tooth sound enamel surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty primary upper canines from preadolescent patients (mean age 8.0±1.9)  and 24 retained primary upper canines from adult subjects (mean age 35.0±1.8) were analysed. The enamel surface was gently polished and air dried for 10 s. An impression was immediately obtained by vinyl polyxiloxane. Replicas were then obtained by polyether impression material, gold coated and inspected under SEM. The hydrophobic vinyl polyxiloxane material enabled to obtain in situ a morphological image of the presence of droplets, most likely resulting from outward fluids flow through outer enamel. For each sample three different  representative areas of 5μ² in the cervical, medium and incisal third  were examined and droplets presence values was recorded. All data were analysed by by Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary enamel showed a substantial permeability expressed as droplets discharge on its surface. Droplets distribution covered, without any specific localisation, the entire enamel surface in all the samples. No signs of post-eruptive maturation with changes in droplets distribution were observed in samples from adult subjects. No statistically significant differences (P = 0.955)  were noted in the  percentage distribution of enamel area covered with droplets among the two group studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SEM evaluation of droplets distribution on enamel surface indicated a substantial enamel permeability in primary teeth, accordingly with histological features, without changes during aging. A relationship between enamel permeability, caries susceptibility and bonding procedures effectiveness could be hypothesised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences of Communication and Behaviour, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. lcclsn@unife.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucchese
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertacci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chersoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility; D003745:Dental Enamel Permeability; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016628:Replica Techniques; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017155:Wettability