title: Geometrical stepper-guided navigation system for ProACT implant under transrectal ultrasound control: preliminary data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a new geometrical stepper-guided navigation system for positioning ProACT®.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sizing of the stepper-guided navigation system was calculated using the distance from the ideal position of the device to anatomic referral points previously measured by ultrasound. The trocar and subsequently the device were maneuvered to the ideal position in accordance with the navigation system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment efficacy was evaluated with daily pad count, 1-hour pad test, Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire (IQoL), visual analog scale and overall impression. Complications, balloon volume and number of adjustments were reported at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up was 12 (range 3-19) months. Daily pad count showed 30 patients (71%) dry and 9 patients (21%) improved. 1 hour pad test showed 28 patients were dry (66%) and 11 patients improved (26%). IQoL increased from an average of 35.3 to 80. Average visual analog scale score was 8. Complications requiring device removal occurred in 3 patients (7%). Mean balloon volume was 3.1 ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stepper-guided navigation system to implant ProACT is feasible and extremely reproducible making this procedure more standardized.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Udine, Piazzale S. Maria Misericordia 15, Udine, Italy. crivellaro.simone@aoud.sanita.fvg.it
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crivellaro
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tosco
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palazzetti
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbinante
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Ervin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kocjancic
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult