title: Epileptic Amnesic Syndrome revealing Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the aetiology of a particular form of late-onset temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) - the Epileptic Amnesic Syndrome (EAS) - that can be responsible for cognitive decline. The syndrome is considered as a reversible cause of memory disturbances, but some patients remain unrelieved despite anticonvulsants.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 case-reports and a brief discussion.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 patients fulfilling the diagnosis criteria of EAS but for whom a progressive causative disease was suspected because they still complained from their memory after antiepileptic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had characteristics suggesting Alzheimer's disease. Memory disturbances were systematically combined with other non-episodic cognitive impairments. CSF biomarkers were compatible with AD pathological changes. Moreover, brain MRI showed temporal lobe atrophy and neurological examination showed subtle abnormalities in all 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AD should be kept in mind even though the patients meet the clinical criteria of EAS. This short series highlights the clinical characteristics that should be considered as "red-flags" in EAS patients because their presence makes the diagnosis of EAS improbable. In such a situation, particularly when cognitive improvement is lacking under treatment, a lumbar puncture is warranted.
authors.affiliation: CMRR (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. benjamin.cretin@chru-strasbourg.fr
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cretin
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaultier
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sellal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D000647:Amnesia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins