title: Relationships among genera of the Saccharomycotina (Ascomycota) from multigene phylogenetic analysis of type species.
abstract: Relationships among ascomycetous yeast genera (subphylum Saccharomycotina, phylum Ascomycota) have been uncertain. In the present study, type species of 70 currently recognized genera are compared from divergence in the nearly entire nuclear gene sequences for large subunit rRNA, small subunit (SSU) rRNA, translation elongation factor-1α, and RNA polymerase II, subunits 1 (RPB1) and 2 (RPB2). The analysis substantiates earlier proposals that all known ascomycetous yeast genera now assigned to the Saccharomycotina represent a single clade. Maximum likelihood analysis resolved the taxa into eight large multigenus clades and four-one- and two-genus clades. Maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses gave similar results. Genera of the family Saccharomycetaceae remain as one large clade as previously demonstrated, to which the genus Cyniclomyces is now assigned. Pichia, Saturnispora, Kregervanrija, Dekkera, Ogataea and Ambrosiozyma are members of a single large clade, which is separate from the clade that includes Barnettozyma, Cyberlindnera, Phaffomyces, Starmera and Wickerhamomyces. Other clades include Kodamaea, Metschnikowia, Debaryomyces, Cephaloascus and related genera, which are separate from the clade that includes Zygoascus, Trichomonascus, Yarrowia and others. This study once again demonstrates that there is limited congruence between a system of classification based on phenotype and a system determined from DNA sequences.
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, USA. cletus.kurtzman@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Cletus P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kurtzman
authors.forename: Christie J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Robnett
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001483:Base Sequence; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015003:Yeasts / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D012319:RNA Polymerase II