title: Cortical and cancellous bone thickness on the anterior region of alveolar bone in Korean: a study of dentate human cadavers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cortical bone thickness on the anterior region is important for achieving implant stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the thickness of the cortical and cancellous bones on the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five cadaver heads were used (16 male and 9 female; mean death age, 56.7 years). After the long axis of alveolar process was set up, it was measured in 5 levels starting from 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (L1) at intervals of 3 mm. All data was analysed statistically by one-way ANOVA at the .05 significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cortical bone thickness according to measurement levels in both the labial and lingual sides increased from L1 to L5, and the lingual side below L3 was significantly thicker than the labial side on the maxilla and mandible. In particular, the labial cortical bone thickness in the maxilla was the thinnest compared to the other regions. The cancellous bone thickness according to measurement levels increased from L1 to L5 on the maxilla, and on the mandible it was the thinnest at the middle level of the root.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For implant placement on the anterior region, a careful evaluation and full knowledge on the thickness of the cortical and cancellous bone are necessary, therefore, these results may provide an anatomic guideline to clinicians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Orofacial Development, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Heung-Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun-Kyoung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Myoung-Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hoon-Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chae-Heon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chung