title: Pharmacological validation of early and late phase of rat mono-iodoacetate model using the Tekscan system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous pharmacological validations of the rat mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced chronic joint pain model were mostly performed by measuring weight-bearing (WB) deficit with an incapacitance tester. However, conventional incapacitance testers have several drawbacks including restrain stress on animal and sole use of hind limbs WB.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to compare pharmacological sensitivity of the early (up to 1 week after MIA) versus late (between 2 and 4 weeks after MIA) phase of the rat MIA model using a highly sensitive tactile pressure measurement system (Tekscan(®)), which can measure weight borne by all four limbs and the tail in a non-restrained animal.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Tekscan(®) WB measurement system was used in MIA rats to examine the acute and chronic dosing effects of drugs that targeted different mechanisms. Electrophysiological recordings from joint afferents and biochemical analysis of synovial fluid were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dexamethasone, duloxetine and morphine significantly alleviated WB deficits in the Tekscan(®) system during both early and late phase of the MIA model while celecoxib and naproxen alleviated WB deficit only during the early phase. Similarly, naproxen was able to inhibit spontaneous neuronal activity from MIA joint afferents only during the early phase. Finally, concentrations of prostaglandin E(2) in synovial fluid were elevated only during the early phase of the rat MIA model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our pharmacological validation studies using the Tekscan(®) system along with electrophysiological and biochemical results suggest different mechanisms for early and late phase of MIA-induced chronic joint pain in rat.
authors.affiliation: AstraZeneca R&D Montreal, Canada. harunor.rashid@crl.com
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Theberge
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Elmes
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McIntosh
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology; D007461:Iodoacetates; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D009288:Naproxen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007461:Iodoacetates; D013876:Thiophenes; D009288:Naproxen; D009020:Morphine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D015232:Dinoprostone