title: Acute diverticulitis: demographic, clinical and laboratory features associated with computed tomography findings in 741 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computed tomography (CT) demonstrates diverticulitis severity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess demographic, clinical and leucocyte features in association with severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed medical records of 741 emergency department cases and in-patients with diverticulitis. CT findings were: (i) nondiagnostic; (ii) moderate (peri-colic inflammation); and (iii) severe (abscess and/or extra-luminal gas and/or contrast).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with severe vs. nondiagnostic/moderate findings had fewer females (42.4% vs. 58.2%, P = .004), less lower abdominal pain only (74.7% vs. 83.7%, P = .042) and more constipation (24.4% vs. 12.5%, P = .002), fever (52.2% vs. 27.0%, P < .0001), leucocytosis (81.5% vs. 55.2%, P < .0001), neutrophilia (86.2% vs. 59.0%, P < .0001), ‘bandemia’ (18.5% vs. 5.5%, P < .0001) and the triad of abdominal pain, fever and leucocytosis (46.7% vs. 19.9%, P < .0001) respectively. Severe vs. nondiagnostic/moderate findings occurred in 4.8% vs. 95.2% without fever or leucocytosis, 7.0% vs. 93.0% with fever, 12.3% vs. 87.7% with leucocytosis and 25.1% vs. 74.9% with fever and leucocytosis respectively (P < .0001). The former group (odds ratio [95% CI]) included females less often (0.45 [0.26-0.76]) and had less lower abdominal pain only (0.54 [0.29-0.99]) and more constipation (2.32 [1.27-4.23]), fever (2.13 [1.27-3.57]) and leucocytosis (2.67 [1.43-4.99]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less than 50% of severe cases have the clinical/laboratory triad of abdominal pain, fever and leucocytosis, but only 1 of 20 with pain who lack fever and leucocytosis have severe diverticulitis. Male gender, pain not limited to the lower abdomen, constipation, fever and leucocytosis are independently associated with severe diverticulitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA. george.f.longstreth@kp.org
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Longstreth
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: L-H X
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hodgkins
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kawatkar
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000150:complications; D000038:Abscess / Q000150:complications; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002140:California; D004239:Diverticulitis, Colonic / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*