title: Angiogenic factors in women ten years after severe very early onset preeclampsia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women with a history of mainly severe and early onset preeclampsia have an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease. During these complicated pregnancies increased levels of anti-angiogenic factors can be found. We hypothesize that women with a history of severe very early onset preeclampsia still have increased levels of these biomarkers years after this pregnancy, resulting in increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty women with severe early onset preeclampsia before 24 weeks' gestation, who delivered between 1993-2003 in a tertiary referral centre and twenty matched controls with uncomplicated pregnancies and healthy term infants, were addressed for participation in the study. Venous plasma samples were analyzed for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PLGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E- and P-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (sICAM-3) and thrombomodulin by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen case subjects and 18 control subjects consented participation. The median time interval index pregnancy to study was 9.4 and 9.7 years for cases and controls, respectively. Median levels for cases-controls (p-value) were not different; bFGF: 17.43-11.11 pg/mL (0.33), sFlt-1: 102.98-101.92 pg/ml (0.84), PLGF: 3.57-4.20 pg/mL (0.38), VEGF: 64.05-45.72 pg/mL (0.73), E-selectin: 5.11-4.68 ng/mL (0.20), P-selectin: 85.35-71.69 ng/mL (0.69), sICAM-3: 0.42-0.63 ng/mL (0.41) and Thrombomodulin: 0.92-0.93 ng/mL (0.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no differences in angiogenic biomarkers between women with a history of severe early onset preeclampsia versus uncomplicated pregnancy almost 10 years later, suggesting that these angiogenic factors will not contribute to the early detection of women at risk for future cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. i.gaugler@jbz.nl
authors.forename: Ingrid P M
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Gaugler-Senden
authors.forename: Jouke T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Tamsma
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Bent
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kusters
authors.forename: Eric A P
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Steegers
authors.forename: Christianne J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: de Groot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers