title: Attitudes and perceptions of patients, caregivers, and health care providers toward background music in patient care areas: an exploratory study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Background music can be used to distract from ordinary sounds and improve wellbeing in patient care areas. Little is known about individuals' attitudes and beliefs about music versus ordinary sound in this setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the preferences of patients, caregivers and healthcare providers regarding background music or ordinary sound in outpatient and inpatient care areas, and to explore their attitudes and perceptions towards music in general.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants were exposed to background music in outpatient or inpatient clinical settings. 99 consecutive patients, 101 caregivers and 65 out of 70 eligible healthcare providers (93%) completed a survey about music attitudes and preferences. The primary outcome was a preference for background music over ordinary sound in patient care areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preference for background music was high and similar across groups (70 patients (71%), 71 caregivers (71%) and 46 providers (71%), p=0.58). The three groups had very low disapproval for background music in patient care areas (10%, 9% and 12%, respectively; p=0.91). Black ethnicity independently predicted lower preference for background music (OR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.98). Patients, caregivers and providers reported recent use of music for themselves for the purpose of enjoyment (69%, 80% and 86% respectively p=0.02). Age, gender, religion and education level significantly predicted preferences for specific music styles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Background music in patient care areas was preferred to ordinary sound by patients, caregivers and providers. Demographics of the population are strong determinants of music style preferences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perez-Cruz
authors.forename: Linh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Wadih
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rhondali
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: J Lynn
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sevy
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies