title: Genetic variation of Gongylonema pulchrum from wild animals and cattle in Japan based on ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes.
abstract: The gullet worm (Gongylonema pulchrum) has been recorded from a variety of mammals worldwide, including monkeys and humans. Due to its wide host range, it has been suggested that the worm may be transmitted locally to any mammalian host by chance. To investigate this notion, the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA), mainly regions of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2, and a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region of mitochondrial DNA of G. pulchrum were characterized using parasites from the following hosts located in Japan: cattle, sika deer, wild boars, Japanese macaques, a feral Reeves's muntjac and captive squirrel monkeys. The rDNA nucleotide sequences of G. pulchrum were generally well conserved regardless of their host origin. However, a few insertions/deletions of nucleotides along with a few base substitutions in the ITS1 and ITS2 regions were observed in G. pulchrum from sika deer, wild boars and Japanese macaques, and those differed from G. pulchrum in cattle, the feral Reeves's muntjac and captive squirrel monkeys. The COI sequences of G. pulchrum were further divided into multiple haplotypes and two groups of haplotypes, i.e. those from a majority of sika deer, wild boars and Japanese macaques and those from cattle and zoo animals, were clearly differentiated. Our findings indicate that domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles of the gullet worm are currently present, at least in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Makouloutou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Setsuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneshiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Une
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D002417:Cattle; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D017205:Spirurida Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013151:Spiruroidea / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV