title: Total substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) diets: effects on fish performance, biochemical composition, and expression of some glucocorticoid receptor-related genes.
abstract: To study the substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils in fish diets, juveniles Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) were fed diets (56 % crude protein, 12 % crude lipid) containing either linseed (100LO) or soybean (100SO) oils in comparison with a 100 % fish oil-based diet (100FO) for 90 days. Samples of muscle, liver, and intestine were collected for biochemical analysis and for glucocorticoid receptor-related genes, including GR1 and GR2, and the associated heat shock proteins HSP70, HSP90AA, and HSP90AB. Besides, basal levels of plasma cortisol were also determined. After the feeding period, a stress test, consisting on 5 min of net chasing, was applied to a selected population of each dietary group. Total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils did not induced changes in fish growth and performance, but affected fatty acid profile of muscle, liver, and intestine, reflecting those tissues the characteristic fatty acids of each type of dietary oil. A tendency to conserve the ARA/EPA ratio could be observed in the different tissues, despite of the level of these fatty acids in diet. Chasing stress induced an increase of muscle GR1 and a reduction in intestinal GR2 relative expressions at any of the experimental diets assayed. In liver, chasing stress induced an increase in both GR1 and GR2 gene expression in fish fed fish oil diets. Similarly, chasing stress induced an increase of muscle HSP70 and decrease of HSP90AB in liver at any of the experimental diet assayed. Besides, vegetable oils decreased the expression of HSP70 in intestine, being the relative expression of liver HSP90AA increased by the inclusion of linseed oil in the diet, at any of the experimental conditions assayed.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and ICCM, PO Box 56, 35200 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain. vavene@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Benítez-Dorta
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manchado
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Infante
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zamorano
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montero
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D010938:Plant Oils; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D006854:Hydrocortisone