title: Twin screw granulation: steps in granule growth.
abstract: The present work focuses on the study of the progression of granules in different compartments along the length of screws in a twin screw granulator (TSG). The effects of varying powder feed rate; liquid to solid ratio and viscosity of granulation liquid on properties of granules was studied. The bigger granules produced at the start of the process were found to change in terms of size, shape and strength along the screw length at all the conditions investigated. The granules became more spherical and their strength increased along the screw length. Tracer granules were also introduced in order to understand the role of kneading and conveying elements in the TSG. The kneading elements promoted consolidation and breakage while the conveying elements led to coalescence, breakage and some consolidation. The results presented here help to provide a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the twin screw granulation process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
authors.forename: Ranjit M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dhenge
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cartwright
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hounslow
authors.forename: Agba D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Salman
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011208:Powders; D014867:Water; D002482:Cellulose; C008079:hydroxypropylcellulose