title: A critical analysis of postoperative complications of antebrachium TEN-nailing in 35 children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unstable antebrachium diaphyseal fractures in children are nowadays increasingly treated operatively by elastic intramedullary nailing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Aim of the study was to critically assess both radiological and functional outcome of antebrachium fractures treated by titanium elastic nail (TEN) in a pediatric cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study investigated 75 consecutive children, who were treated for antebrachium shaft fractures at Tampere University Hospital during the time period from January 2001 to December 2005. All the fractures were classified according to OTA. Thirty-five children (mean age 12.3 years) were treated by TEN-nailing. Twenty four of the forearm fractures were instable, five were open, five were re-fractures and one had ulnar nerve deficit. In all but one patient both forearm bones were fractured. Twelve (34%) operations were managed by closed reduction, open reduction was needed in 23 (66%) patients. In 29 cases both bones were fixed with TEN-nail. In the four patients with re-fracture in both ulna and radius only the radius was TEN-nailed. In one case radius was fixed with TEN-nail and ulna with K-wire and in another case radius was fixed with TEN-nail and ulna with plate. Fracture pattern, mode of reduction, surgical approach, short- and long-term complications and outcome were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty three (66%) patients achieved healing of the fractures without any limitation in range of motion. Twelve patients with postoperative complication were followed up 31-74 (median of 54) months. Eleven (31%) patients had minor postoperative complications and one (0,3%) patient had a Volkmann's ischemic contracture. Five of complicated patients had more than one problem. Immediate post-operative problems were noted in these five patients. At follow-up visits four patients complained of ulnar nail discomfort, two had neural symptoms. Additionally, three children suffered from re-fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite various minor complications, TEN-nailing is considered suitable treatment for unstable forearm shaft fractures. Most of the problems were related to poor technical performance in nailing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Pediatric Clinics and Pediatric Research Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. anne.salonen@pp7.inet.fi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pajulo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001858:Bone Nails; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014025:Titanium; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium