title: Interventions to address chronic disease and HIV: strategies to promote smoking cessation among HIV-infected individuals.
abstract: Tobacco use, especially cigarette smoking, is higher than average in persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence states that, during every medical encounter, all smokers should be offered smoking cessation counseling, along with approved medications. The Guideline also recognizes PLWHA as a priority population, given the scarcity of research on effective cessation treatments in this group. The scant evidence suggests that conventional treatments, though worthwhile, are not as successful as might be hoped for. The reasons for this are not entirely clear, but may have to do with the complex array of medical and psychosocial factors that complicate their lives. Clinicians should consider re-treatment strategies for those patients who encounter difficulty when quitting smoking with conventional approaches, switching or augmenting treatments as needed to minimize adverse experiences, and to maximize tolerability, adherence, and cessation outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Legacy, 1724 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA. rniaura@legacyforhealth.org
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niaura
authors.forename: Geetanjali
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chander
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hutton
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stanton
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016903:Drug Monitoring