title: Electrically tunable organic bioelectronics for spatial and temporal manipulation of neuron-like pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organic bioelectronic devices consisting of alternating poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and reduced graphite oxide (rGO) striped microelectrode arrays were fabricated by lithography technology. It has been demonstrated that the organic bioelectronic devices can be used to spatially and temporally manipulate the location and proliferation of the neuron-like pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12 cells).
  
  
  METHODS
  By coating an electrically labile contact repulsion layer of poly(l-lysine-graft-ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) on the PEDOT electrode, the location and polarity of the PC-12 cells were confined to the rGO electrodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The outgrowth of spatially confined bipolar neurites was found to align along the direction of the 20μm wide electrode. The location of the PC-12 cells can also be manipulated temporally by applying electrical stimulation during the neurite differentiation of PC-12 cells, allowing the PC-12 cells to cross over the boundary between the PEDOT and the rGO regions and construct neurite networks in an unconfined manner where the contact repulsive coating of PLL-g-PEG was removed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This adsorption and desorption of the PLL-g-PEG without and with electrical stimulation can be attributed to the tunable surface properties of the PEDOT microelectrodes, whose surface charge can switch from being negative to positive under electrical stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The electrically tunable organic bioelectronics reported here could potentially be applied to tissue engineering related to the development and regeneration of mammalian nervous systems. The spatial and temporal control in this device would also be used to study the synapse junctions of neuron-neuron contacts in both time and space domains. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Organic Bioelectronics - Novel Applications in Biomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chu-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yu-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Chiung-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Peilin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004560:Electricity; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D008839:Microelectrodes; D016501:Neurites / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011107:Polylysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D010087:Oxides; D011108:Polymers; C121383:poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene); C443714:polylysine-graft-(poly(ethylene glycol)); D011107:Polylysine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006108:Graphite