title: Use of the Americans in Motion-Healthy Intervention (AIM-HI) to create a culture of fitness in family practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Americans in Motion-Healthy Interventions (AIM-HI) is an initiative designed to assist family physicians with positioning fitness (physical activity, nutrition, and emotional well-being) as the treatment of choice for prevention and management of chronic disease. We investigated whether the concept of a culture of fitness would benefit office personnel and carry over to patient care.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, controlled trial provided an intervention based on the AIM-HI curriculum to 12 enhanced offices with support for office activities, while 12 traditional offices received only AIM-HI tools with encouragement for use with patients. Before intervention, at 4 months, and at 14 months, we measured the practice personnel's dietary behavior (PrimeScreen), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), self-determined (intrinsic) motivation (Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire [TSRQ]), perceived ability to carry out health behaviors (Perceived Competence Scale), and readiness to improve and/or maintain health behaviors (Stages of Change).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 24 practices we enrolled 470 subjects; 21 practices completed the study, and data from 341 patients were analyzed. Differential change from baseline between the enhanced and traditional offices was not evident for behavior changes. An overall decrease from baseline in self-reported total physical activity measured as metabolic equivalent-minutes for all surveyed groups occurred over the study time period (4-month β = -11.97; 14-month β = -9.01; P = .003). A statistically significant increase occurred at 4 months among participants from the enhanced practices for the TSRQ outcomes of Healthy Eating (baseline, 3.00 ± 0.12; 4 months, 3.26 ± 0.13; P = .013). Among clinicians, TSRQ Healthy Eating scores increased from 3.19 ± 0.13 at baseline to 3.52 ± 0.14 at 4 months (P = .005). However, increases in TSRQ Eating scores were not sustained by 14 months. Stages of Change scores decreased from baseline to 4 months in enhanced group offices. There was also a decrease in Stages of Change scores among staff from baseline to 14 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary care clinicians and office staff are resistant to health behavior change. External motivation did not seem to help them change. The effect of this intervention on patient care is not yet known.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Dietetics Program, University of Northern Colorado, Greenley, CO, USA. wilson.pace@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Erskine
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanigan
authors.forename: Caroline B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Emsermann
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Staton
authors.forename: Wilson D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Pace
mesh_terms: D005194:Family Practice; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010809:Physical Fitness; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States