title: High-flux and low-flux dialysis membranes and levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in children with chronic kidney failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During hemodialysis, the expression of different adhesion molecules changes, thus serving as markers of biocompatibility of dialysis membranes. Our aim was to investigate whether low-flux and high-flux dialysis membranes have different effects on the concentration of adhesion molecules and their association with leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 80 pediatric patients on hemodialysis. Baseline levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured. The patients were classified into 2 groups to use either low-flux filters or high-flux filters for 3 months. At the end of the 3 months, predialysis samples were obtained for measurement of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNF-alpha and interleukin-1. Post-dialysis samples were collected for measurement of CBC, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNF-alpha, and interleukin-1. Forty volunteers were involved as a control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both TNF- ? and IL-1 were higher in the patients compared to the control group (P < .001). Compared to the control group, there was a significant increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (P < .001) in both groups predialysis and postdialysis. The postdialysis increments of ICAM-1 with the high-flux membranes were significantly less compared to the low-flux membranes (P < .001). Serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 significantly correlated with TNF-? and interleukin-1 in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The postdialysis increments of the adhesion molecules are due to the effect of dialysis membranes, which is less with the use of high-flux filters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. happy7_kd@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Happy Kayser
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Sawires
authors.forename: Waleed Ali
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Mona F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Schaalan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D004534:Egypt; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1