title: A contactless electrical stimulator: application to fabricate functional skeletal muscle tissue.
abstract: Engineered skeletal muscle tissues are ideal candidates for applications in drug screening systems, bio-actuators, and as implantable constructs in tissue engineering. Electrical field stimulation considerably improves the differentiation of muscle cells to muscle myofibers. Currently used electrical stimulators often use direct contact of electrodes with tissue constructs or their culture medium, which may cause hydrolysis of the culture medium, joule heating of the medium, contamination of the culture medium due to products of electrodes corrosion, and surface fouling of electrodes. Here, we used an interdigitated array of electrodes combined with an isolator coverslip as a contactless platform to electrically stimulate engineered muscle tissue, which eliminates the aforementioned problems. The effective stimulation of muscle myofibers using this device was demonstrated in terms of contractile activity and higher maturation as compared to muscle tissues without applying the electrical field. Due to the wide array of potential applications of electrical stimulation to two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) cell and tissue constructs, this device could be of great interest for a variety of biological applications as a tool to create noninvasive, safe, and highly reproducible electric fields.
authors.affiliation: WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Samad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahadian
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramón-Azcón
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ostrovidov
authors.forename: Gulden
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camci-Unal
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ino
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiku
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khademhosseini
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; D008689:Methacrylates; D010984:Platinum; D005780:Gelatin