title: Global and comparative proteomic profiling of overwintering and developing mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), larvae.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mountain pine beetles, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are native to western North America, but have recently begun to expand their range across the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The requirement for larvae to withstand extremely cold winter temperatures and potentially toxic host secondary metabolites in the midst of their ongoing development makes this a critical period of their lives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have uncovered global protein profiles for overwintering mountain pine beetle larvae. We have also quantitatively compared the proteomes for overwintering larvae sampled during autumn cooling and spring warming using iTRAQ methods. We identified 1507 unique proteins across all samples. In total, 33 proteins exhibited differential expression (FDR < 0.05) when compared between larvae before and after a cold snap in the autumn; and 473 proteins exhibited differential expression in the spring when measured before and after a steady incline in mean daily temperature. Eighteen proteins showed significant changes in both autumn and spring samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These first proteomic data for mountain pine beetle larvae show evidence of the involvement of trehalose, 2-deoxyglucose, and antioxidant enzymes in overwintering physiology; confirm and expand upon previous work implicating glycerol in cold tolerance in this insect; and provide new, detailed information on developmental processes in beetles. These results and associated data will be an invaluable resource for future targeted research on cold tolerance mechanisms in the mountain pine beetle and developmental biology in coleopterans.
authors.affiliation: Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, Canada V2N 4Z9.
authors.forename: Tiffany R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Bonnett
authors.forename: Jeanne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: Jordie D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Keeling
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bohlmann
authors.forename: Dezene P W
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000378:metabolism; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D014404:Tubulin; C015785:2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D005293:Ferritins; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C023180:trehalose-6-phosphate synthase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D005990:Glycerol