title: Prevalence of urinary tract infection and risk factors among Saudi patients with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and its risk factors among Saudi diabetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,000 diabetic patients were included. Patients were interviewed and examined at each visit every 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of UTI was 25.3 % in total diabetic population and 7.2 and 41.1 % in males and females, respectively. Females have highest risk of UTI (RR = 6.102; CI = 4.343-8.573; P < 0.001). Age, duration of diabetes and HbA1c did not influence the incidence of UTI, while BMI above 30 kg/m(2) increased the risk (RR = 1.722; CI = 1.532-1.935; P < 0.001). The incidence of UTI in both type 1 and 2 diabetics was similar (23.7 and 25.6 %). There was no significant risk in patients aged above 60 years (RR = 1.054; CI = 0.841-1.321; P = 0.651). The risk factors found to be associated with UTI were hypertension (RR = 1.202; CI = 1.061-1.361; P = 0.006), insulin therapy (RR = 1.411; CI = 1.262-1.578; P < 0.001) and nephropathy (microalbuminuria) (RR = 1.417; CI = 1.036-1.939; P = 0.031).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study has shown that prevalence of UTI is more in diabetic females and diabetics with BMI above 30 kg/m(2). The other risk factors associated with UTI in general diabetic population were found to be microalbuminuria, hypertension and insulin therapy.
authors.affiliation: Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, University Diabetes Centre, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Al-Rubeaan
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moharram
authors.forename: Dekra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Al-Naqeb
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: M R M
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rafiullah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin