title: Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and risk of oral cavity cancer by subsite: results of a French population-based case-control study, the ICARE study.
abstract: The objective was to examine the role of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking in the incidence of oral cavity cancer by subsite in France, a high-incidence area. We analysed detailed data on lifelong tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking from 772 oral cavity cancer cases and 3555 controls included in a population-based case-control study, the ICARE study. Tobacco smoking increased the risk of oral cavity cancer even for the smaller quantities and durations, whereas alcohol drinking increased this risk only in heavy drinkers who were also ever smokers. The combined effect of smoking and drinking was greater than multiplicative. The floor of the mouth was the subsite that was the most affected by the harmful effects of tobacco and alcohol, whereas the gums were less susceptible. The risk associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption did not differ between intraoral cavity and subsites usually included in the oropharynx (soft palate and base of the tongue). Population-attributable risks for oral cavity cancer were 78.6% for tobacco smoking, 7.3% for alcohol drinking and 80.7% for tobacco and/or alcohol consumption. These results indicate that regular oral check-ups should be targeted at smokers and heavy drinkers, and that prevention efforts should be focused on smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1018, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Radoï
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paget-Bailly
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cyr
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmaus
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cénée
authors.forename: Gwenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Menvielle
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carton
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lapôtre-Ledoux
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delafosse
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stücker
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luce
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005887:Gingival Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010157:Palatal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology