title: The appropriate use of biomarkers in heart failure.
abstract: Natriuretic peptides and troponins have been extensively studied and used in heart failure, and their value has been extensively discussed. Renal markers, such as cystasin-C, NGAL, and KIM-1, have shown growing utility in heart failure. The activation of compensatory pathways and ongoing hemodynamic changes result in the release of biomarkers that can be monitored to chart disease progression and possibly target for therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92101, USA. cPunam80@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Punam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maisel
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers