title: The relationship of self-report of quality to practice size and health information technology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of patient safety culture has recently expanded in inpatient settings, but the majority of medical encounters occurs in office settings, and less is known about the determinants of perceived quality and safety in ambulatory care. The Medical Office Survey of Patient Safety was developed to assess perceived quality of care and patient safety culture in medical offices, including a domain to assess the quality criteria as defined by the Institute of Medicine: patient-centered, effective, timely, efficient, and equitable.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed 6534 clinicians and staff in 306 medical practices from 11 practice based research networks (PBRNs) in 16 states. We collected data on office size, ownership, and use of health information technologies (HIT) and assessed perceived patient safety and quality of care with the Medical Office Survey of Patient Safety's overall quality domain. Using a mixed model that adjusted for the role of respondents, we examined the relationship between perceived safety and quality of care and office size, ownership, and the degree of implementation of HIT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small practices (3-15 personnel) reported the highest proportion of positive perceptions of quality and safety. The lowest proportion of positive perceptions of quality and safety occurred in large (41-70 personnel) and very large practices (>70 personnel). After controlling for office size, we found no relationship between perceived quality and safety and practice ownership. The relationship of HIT implementation to perceived quality and safety was not clear. We found the highest proportion of positive perceptions in practices with the least HIT and those with the most HIT and the lowest proportion in practices with intermediate levels of HIT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personnel in small practices reported the highest overall quality and safety of care, and perceived quality and safety declined with increasing office size. No clear relationship was found between perceived quality and safety and implementation of HIT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. gormanp@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: Jean P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: Lyle J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fagnan
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006276:Health Facility Size; D063005:Health Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D061214:Patient Safety; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D057566:Self Report; D014481:United States