title: The impact of nimodipine administration combined with nerve-muscle pedicle implantation on long-term denervated rat thyroarytenoid muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of nimodipineon reinnervation of the long-term denervated rat thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle following nerve-muscle pedicle flap (NMP) implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative histologic and physiologic assessments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using 120 Wistar rats, we performed NMP implantation at different times after transection of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Sixty animals received nimodipine treatment (NIMO [+] group), and the remaining 60 animals received no nimodipine treatment (NIMO [-] group). As a control, an additional 28 animals were subjected only to transection of the left RLN (DNV group). Subgroups were assigned based on the period after RLN transection (0 [immediate], 8, 16, and 32 weeks). In the DNV group, we assessed histologically the muscle area, axons, neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and myosin heavy chains (MyHC) type IIA and IIB in the TA muscle. In the NIMO (-) and NIMO (+) groups, histologic assessments and evoked electromyography were performed on the TA muscle at 10 weeks post-NMP implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 8-week interval subgroups, the muscle fiber area and the number of NMJs in the NIMO (+) group were significantly greater than in the NIMO (-) group (P < 0.05, each). In the 0-week and 32-week interval subgroups, the muscle fiber subtype changed significantly, from IIA to IIB (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively); and, at all time-points the muscle fiber area, number of NMJs, and action potentials in the TA muscle tended to be greater in the NIMO (+) group than in the NIMO (-) group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nimodipine expedited the effects of NMP implantation on reinnervation of the long-term denervated TA muscle. Laryngoscope, 2012.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan. koheihei@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimoto
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumai
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanuki
authors.forename: Ryosei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minoda
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yumoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D061226:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D009553:Nimodipine