title: The effects of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure on fat mass and serum leptin concentrations have no impact on bone mineral densities in non-obese premenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure may promote obesity, but its effect on bone mineral density (BMD) has not been reported in humans. We aimed to examine the relationships between BPA exposure, body composition, serum estradiol, leptin, osteocalcin levels and BMDs in healthy premenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, a total of 246 healthy premenopausal women aged 20 years and older with regular menstrual cycles were investigated. Body mass index (BMI), fat mass, fat-free mass and BMDs were measured by DXA. Serum estradiol, leptin, osteocalcin, urinary BPA and NTx levels were also tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary BPA levels were positively associated with fat mass (r=0.193, p=0.006) and leptin (r=0.236, p=0.001) but not with fat-free mass after adjusting for age and BMI. BPA was not associated with serum estradiol levels, BMDs, or bone resorption marker NTx and bone formation parameter osteocalcin, either. A multivariate stepwise regression analysis confirmed that serum leptin levels were positively influenced by fat mass (β=0.746, p<0.001) and BPA (β=0.127, p=0.01) but negatively correlated with fat-free mass (β=-0.196, p<0.001). However, the changes of BMDs at the lumbar spine (β=0.298, p<0.001) and femoral neck (β=0.305, p<0.001) were primarily explained by fat-free mass, and were irrelevant of the fat mass, leptin or BPA exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although BPA exposure is related with increased amount of fat mass and elevated serum leptin levels, it has neutral effect on BMDs in premenopausal women, possibly due to the exclusive role of fat-free mass, which is unrelated to BPA in determining BMDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities (EISU) and Key Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism of Chinese Health Ministry, 197 Rui-jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Hong-yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yu-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Lin-ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Tian-ge
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lian-zhen
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Li-hao
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yong-ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wei-qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-yin
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Man-yin
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jia-lun
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Jian-min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000506:poisoning*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D010636:Phenols / Q000506:poisoning*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers; D004958:Estradiol; D020738:Leptin; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds