title: Mdm2 antagonists induce apoptosis and synergize with cisplatin overcoming chemoresistance in TP53 wild-type ovarian cancer cells.
abstract: Ovarian cancer (OVCa) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. Although treatment for advanced OVCa has improved with the introduction of taxane-platinum chemotherapy, the majority of patients will develop resistance to the treatment, leading to poor prognosis. One of the causes of chemoresistance is the reduced ability to undergo apoptosis. Cisplatin is a genotoxic drug that leads cells to apoptosis through the activation of the p53 pathway. Defective signaling in this pathway compromises p53 function, and thus cisplatin does not induce apoptosis. A new group of nongenotoxic small molecules called Nutlins have been developed to inhibit p53-Mdm2 binding, inducing apoptosis in chemoresistant tumors through the activation of the p53 pathway. The wild-type p53 cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell-line A2780cis was used to test the effect of Nutlin-3a (Nut3a) on apoptosis response. The results showed that Nut3a synergized with cisplatin, inducing cell-cycle arrest in G2/M and potentiating apoptotic cell death. Increased apoptosis was also induced in wild-type TP53 primary OVCa cultures by double cisplatin-Nut3a treatment. In conclusion, Nut3a appears to sensitize chemoresistant OVCa cells to cisplatin, inducing apoptosis. As increased response was generalized in primary tumors, this cisplatin-Nut3a combination could be useful for the treatment of patients harboring wild-type TP53 who do not respond to standard chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Health Sciences of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Spain.
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.forename: Avelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tortosa
authors.forename: Fina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinez-Soler
authors.forename: August
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Condom
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Perarnau
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Larroya
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Pepita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giménez-Bonafé
mesh_terms: D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077022:Survivin; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D007093:Imidazoles; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D010879:Piperazines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000077022:Survivin; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C482205:nutlin 3; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D002945:Cisplatin