title: Type A behavior pattern: Bortner scale vs. Japanese-original questionnaires.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type A behavior pattern (TABP) has been regarded as a putative risk factor for coronary heart disease and recent studies from our group suggest that TABP individuals, identified via the Bortner scale whose validity had been confirmed by structured interviews, may have a greater tendency towards hyperthymic temperament, shorter sleep time and shorter snooze time. Since the Bortner scale was developed in USA and may reflect western culture, it is necessary to reconfirm our findings using a Japanese questionnaire such as Coronary-prone Type Scale for Japanese (CTS) and Kwansei Gakuin's daily life questionnaire (KG questionnaire).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty healthy subjects were assessed for TABP using the Bortner scale, as well as the CTS and KG questionnaires. Hyperthymic temperament was assessed via the Japanese standardized version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A), while sleep time and snooze time were measured by actigraphy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CTS and KG questionnaire scores were significantly and positively associated with the Bortner scale scores. Although CTS and KG scores were significantly and positively associated with hyperthymic temperament scores, none were associated with sleep time or snooze time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of subjects was relatively small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that Japanese questionnaires such as CTS and KG questionnaires are valid as measures of TABP. Moreover, the association between TABP and hyperthymic temperament was reconfirmed by both CTS and KG questionnaires, whereas the association between TABP and sleep pattern was not. As such, the present findings provide supportive evidence about the usefulness of CTS and KG questionnaires.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Japan. wangyumei19771021@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yumei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hoaki
authors.forename: Shinjiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizokami
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010556:Personality Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament / Q000145:classification; D014434:Type A Personality; D055815:Young Adult