title: Occupational exposure assessment of magnetic fields generated by induction heating equipment-the role of spatial averaging.
abstract: Induction heating equipment is a source of strong and nonhomogeneous magnetic fields, which can exceed occupational reference levels. We investigated a case of an induction tempering tunnel furnace. Measurements of the emitted magnetic flux density (B) were performed during its operation and used to validate a numerical model of the furnace. This model was used to compute the values of B and the induced in situ electric field (E) for 15 different body positions relative to the source. For each body position, the computed B values were used to determine their maximum and average values, using six spatial averaging schemes (9-285 averaging points) and two averaging algorithms (arithmetic mean and quadratic mean). Maximum and average B values were compared to the ICNIRP reference level, and E values to the ICNIRP basic restriction. Our results show that in nonhomogeneous fields, the maximum B is an overly conservative predictor of overexposure, as it yields many false positives. The average B yielded fewer false positives, but as the number of averaging points increased, false negatives emerged. The most reliable averaging schemes were obtained for averaging over the torso with quadratic averaging, with no false negatives even for the maximum number of averaging points investigated.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. bor.kos@fe.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: Bor
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kos
authors.forename: Blaž
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valič
authors.forename: Tadej
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotnik
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gajšek
mesh_terms: D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006361:Heating / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence