title: Late-phase investigational approaches for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematologic disorder that affects more than 13,000 adults each year in the USA. Despite continued advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease and patient management, the cure rate for AML remains relatively low, largely due to a high rate of relapsed or refractory disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this review is to provide an understanding of the unmet needs in relapsed/refractory AML, and to assess promising investigational agents with ongoing or planned Phase III clinical trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML remains a challenge, numerous new chemotherapeutics are currently in development. Enrollment in clinical trials should be strongly considered for patients with relapsed/refractory disease, and emerging data may help identify new agents with significant activity in this setting.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. atarzyna_jamieson@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Olatoyosi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Odenike
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents