title: Cochlear implants: clinical and societal outcomes.
abstract: Over the past 30 years, hearing care clinicians have increasingly relied on cochlear implants to restore auditory sensitivity in selected patients with advanced sensorineural hearing loss. This article examines the impact of intervention with cochlear implantation in children and adults. The authors report a range of clinic-based results and patient-based outcomes reflected in the reported literature on cochlear implants. The authors describe the basic assessment of the physiologic response to auditory nerve stimulation; measures of receptive and productive benefit; and surveys of life effects as reflected measures of quality of life, educational attainment, and economic impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0910, USA.
authors.forename: Yevgeniy R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Semenov
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martinez-Monedero
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Niparko
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001304:Auditory Diseases, Central / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003056:Cochlear Nerve / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational; D004522:Educational Status; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D061665:Time-to-Treatment; D016896:Treatment Outcome