title: Special tinted contact lens on colour-defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the visual function of colour-deficient subjects when wearing special red tint contact lenses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 17 subjects with congenital colour vision deficiency (14 deutans and 3 protans), voluntarily participated in this study. The average age for the subjects was 23.00 ± 4.06 years old. Visual functions tested were visual acuity (LogMAR), contrast sensitivity (FACT Chart) and stereopsis (TNO and Howard Dolman tests). Two types of special red tint lenses were used in this study; Type I (light red) and Type II (dark red).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protans and deutans showed no significant changes in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity when wearing either type of contact lens. Stereopsis testing using the Horward-Dolman test gave no significant changes but significant differences were seen using the TNO test. Stereopsis using the TNO test was significantly poorer with the red tinted contact lenses compared to without for both protons and deutans. Testing binocularly with Ishihara plates showed that 88% (n=15) of patients passed the test with Type I and Type II contact lenses. When D15 test was done, 3 patients (17.6%) were 'normal' when using the Type I contact lenses and 2 patients (11.8%) were 'normal' when using the Type II contact lenses. However, with FM100Hue test, most patients showed deutan responses. Total error scores (TES) were found to be higher with Type I and Type II contact lenses compared to without.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Type I and II special tinted contact lens used in this study did not cause a reduction of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity for the colour defects. Stereopsis was also not reduced with the Type I and Type II contact lenses for the colour defects except when tested with the TNO test. Colour vision defects became difficult to detect using the Ishihara plates but FM100Hue test did not show any improvement with the Type I and Type II contact lenses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. haliza@medic.ukm.my
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Mutilab
authors.lastname: Sharanjeet-Kaur
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Keu
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Choo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003116:Color; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003261:Contact Lenses; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D055815:Young Adult