title: Intravenous administration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes affects the formation of atherosclerosis in Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have many potential applications, including as delivery systems for a variety of diagnostic or therapeutic agents. However, it has been suggested that exposure to carbon nano-materials may be a risk for the development of vascular diseases due to its impact on the vascular endothelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g) were used to generate an atherosclerosis (AS) model, and the effect of intravenous administration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on AS was studied. To further understand the underlying mechanisms, the effects of exposure of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) to MWCNTs were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to 200 μg/kg MWCNTs aggravated AS in this model. In addition, exposure to 50, 100 and 200 μg/kg MWCNTs increased the calcification of the aorta in the model. Short-term exposure also revealed that 200 μg/kg MWCNTs injured the endothelium in the aorta. MWCNTs disrupted the endothelial tight junction and induced endothelial cell death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated that MWCNTs could induce structural and functional changes in the endothelium, probably through vascular endotheliocyte injury, which eventually affected the development of AS in SD rats.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jian-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li-Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xin-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon