title: Colloidal astaxanthin: preparation, characterisation and bioavailability evaluation.
abstract: Astaxanthin colloidal particles were produced using solvent-diffusion technique in the presence of different food grade surface active compounds, namely, Polysorbate 20 (PS20), sodium caseinate (SC), gum Arabic (GA) and the optimum combination of them (OPT). Particle size and surface charge characteristics, rheological behaviour, chemical stability, colour, in vitro cellular uptake, in vitro antioxidant activity and residual solvent concentration of prepared colloidal particles were evaluated. The results indicated that in most cases the mixture of surface active compounds lead to production of colloidal particles with more desirable physicochemical and biological properties, as compared to using them individually. The optimum combination of PS20, SC and GA could produce the astaxanthin colloidal particles with small particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), conductivity and higher zeta potential, mobility, cellular uptake, colour intensity and in vitro antioxidant activity. In addition, all prepared astaxanthin colloidal particles had significantly (p<0.05) higher cellular uptake than pure astaxanthin powder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Navideh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anarjan
authors.forename: Chin Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Imededdine Arbi
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Nehdi
authors.forename: Tau Chuan
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D014783:Viscosity; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D024341:Xanthophylls; C005948:astaxanthine