title: Altered passive eruption diagnosis and treatment: a cone beam computed tomography-based reappraisal of the condition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize anatomical features of altered passive eruption (APE)-affected teeth using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to present a novel combined surgical approach to its correction.
  Eighty-four teeth from 14 subjects affected by APE were subjected to CBCT. Periodontal variables were recorded before surgery, and anatomical variables were measured on CBCTs. Clinical crown length was measured on study casts. Surgical treatment was carried out based on the lengths of the anatomical crowns transferred to a surgical guide that served as a reference for the incisions. The mean distance between the CEJ and the bone crest was on average <1 mm, facial bone thickness was ≥ 1 mm and soft tissue thickness was >1 mm for every tooth analysed; no association between the soft and the hard tissue thicknesses was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CBCT can be used in the diagnosis and treatment planning of APE cases. Anatomically, the APE cases described often presented a thick facial bone plate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Graduate Program in Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. eraldo.junior@pucrs.br
authors.forename: Eraldo L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: Carla C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Felipe C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: Rafael R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Karina K Y
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005893:Gingivoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D003765:Models, Dental; D009811:Odontometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014078:Tooth Eruption