title: Exuberant accessory mitral valve tissue with possible true parachute mitral valve: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A parachute mitral valve is defined as a unifocal attachment of mitral valve chordae tendineae independent of the number of papillary muscles. Data from the literature suggests that the valve can be distinguished on the basis of morphological features as either a parachute-like asymmetrical mitral valve or a true parachute mitral valve. A parachute-like asymmetrical mitral valve has two papillary muscles; one is elongated and located higher in the left ventricle. A true parachute mitral valve has a single papillary muscle that receives all chordae, as was present in our patient. Patients with parachute mitral valves during childhood have multilevel left-side heart obstructions, with poor outcomes without operative treatment. The finding of a parachute mitral valve in an adult patient is extremely rare, especially as an isolated lesion. In adults, the unifocal attachment of the chordae results in a slightly restricted valve opening and, more frequently, valvular regurgitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 40-year-old Caucasian female patient was admitted to a primary care physician due to her recent symptoms of heart palpitation and chest discomfort on effort. Transthoracic echocardiography showed chordae tendineae which were elongated and formed an unusual net shape penetrating into left ventricle cavity. The parasternal short axis view of her left ventricle showed a single papillary muscle positioned on one side in the posteromedial commissure receiving all chordae. Her mitral valve orifice was slightly eccentric and the chordae were converting into a single papillary muscle. Mitral regurgitation was present and it was graded as moderate to severe. Her left atrium was enlarged. There were no signs of mitral stenosis or a subvalvular ring. She did not have a bicuspid aortic valve or coarctation of the ascending aorta. The dimensions and systolic function of her left ventricle were normal. Our patient had a normal body habitus, without signs of heart failure. Her functional status was graded as class I according to the New York Heart Association grading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A recently published review found that, in the last several decades, there have been only nine adult patients with parachute mitral valve disease reported, of which five had the same morphological characteristics as our patient. This case presentation should encourage doctors, especially those involved in echocardiography, to contribute their own experience, knowledge and research in parachute mitral valve disease to enrich statistical and epidemiologic databases and aid clinicians in getting acquainted with this rare disease.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia. nikolicdrsasa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Joksimovic
authors.forename: Ljiljana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jovovic