title: Silicon-rich mineral water as a non-invasive test of the 'aluminum hypothesis' in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: There has been a plausible link between human exposure to aluminum and Alzheimer's disease for several decades. We contend that the only direct and ethically acceptable experimental test of the 'aluminum hypothesis', which would provide unequivocal data specific to the link, is to test the null hypothesis that a reduction in the body burden of aluminum to its lowest practical limit would have no influence upon the incidence, progression, or severity of Alzheimer's disease. Herein we are testing the hypothesis that silicon-rich mineral waters can be used as non-invasive methods to reduce the body burden of aluminum in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and a control group consisting of their carers and partners. We have shown that drinking up to 1 L of a silicon-rich mineral water each day for 12 weeks facilitated the removal of aluminum via the urine in both patient and control groups without any concomitant affect upon the urinary excretion of the essential metals, iron and copper. We have provided preliminary evidence that over 12 weeks of silicon-rich mineral water therapy the body burden of aluminum fell in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and, concomitantly, cognitive performance showed clinically relevant improvements in at least 3 out of 15 individuals. This is a first step in a much needed rigorous test of the 'aluminum hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease' and a longer term study involving many more individuals is now warranted.
authors.affiliation: The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davenward
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bentham
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crome
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Job
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polwart
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Exley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000535:Aluminum / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003300:Copper / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007501:Iron / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008900:Mineral Waters / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012824:Silicic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012825:Silicon / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D008900:Mineral Waters; D012824:Silicic Acid; D003300:Copper; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron; D012825:Silicon