title: A framework for the study of zoonotic disease emergence and its drivers: spillover of bat pathogens as a case study.
abstract: Many serious emerging zoonotic infections have recently arisen from bats, including Ebola, Marburg, SARS-coronavirus, Hendra, Nipah, and a number of rabies and rabies-related viruses, consistent with the overall observation that wildlife are an important source of emerging zoonoses for the human population. Mechanisms underlying the recognized association between ecosystem health and human health remain poorly understood and responding appropriately to the ecological, social and economic conditions that facilitate disease emergence and transmission represents a substantial societal challenge. In the context of disease emergence from wildlife, wildlife and habitat should be conserved, which in turn will preserve vital ecosystem structure and function, which has broader implications for human wellbeing and environmental sustainability, while simultaneously minimizing the spillover of pathogens from wild animals into human beings. In this review, we propose a novel framework for the holistic and interdisciplinary investigation of zoonotic disease emergence and its drivers, using the spillover of bat pathogens as a case study. This study has been developed to gain a detailed interdisciplinary understanding, and it combines cutting-edge perspectives from both natural and social sciences, linked to policy impacts on public health, land use and conservation.
authors.affiliation: Disease Dynamics Unit, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, UK. jlnw2@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: James L N
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Waldman
authors.forename: Hayley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Macgregor
authors.forename: Anthony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fooks
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Restif
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dechmann
authors.forename: David T S
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Hayman
authors.forename: Kate S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Peel
authors.forename: Alexandra O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Kamins
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fahr
authors.forename: Yaa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ntiamoa-Baidu
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suu-Ire
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Breiman
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Hume E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000821:virology*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D004199:Disease Vectors; D017753:Ecosystem; D058735:Environmental Policy; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D014943:Global Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000635:transmission*