title: A higher-order analysis supports use of the 11-item version of the tampa scale for kinesiophobia in people with neck pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite increasing clinical and research use of the 11-item version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) in people with neck pain, little is known about its measurement properties in this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to rigorously evaluate the measurement properties of the TSK-11 when used in people with mechanical neck pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a secondary analysis of 2 independent databases (N=235) of people with mechanical neck pain of primarily traumatic origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TSK-11 was subjected to Rasch analysis and subsequent evaluation of concurrent associations with the Neck Disability Index and a numeric rating scale for pain intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TSK-11 conformed well to the Rasch model for interval-level measurement, but less so for acute or nontraumatic etiologies. A transformation matrix suggested that small changes at the extremes of the scale are more meaningful than in the middle. Cross-sectional convergent validity testing suggested relationships of expected magnitude and direction compared with pain intensity and neck-related disability. The use of the linearly transformed TSK-11 led to potentially important differences in distribution of data compared with use of the raw scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sample size was slightly smaller than desired for Rasch analysis. The 2 databases were similar in terms of symptom duration, but differed in pain intensity and age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TSK-11 can be considered an interval-level measure when used in people with neck pain. It provides potentially important information regarding the nature of neck-related disability. Clinically important difference may not be consistent across the range of the scale.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Therapy, Western University, Room EC1443, 1201 Western Rd, London, Ontario N6G 1A1 Canada. dwalton5@uwo.ca
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult