title: A systematic review on the pros and cons of using a pushrim-activated power-assisted wheelchair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the (dis)advantages of transition to a power-assisted wheelchair, and derive the clinical implications for its use or prescription.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant articles published prior to May 2012 were identified using PubMed, Cochrane Library, REHABDATA, CIRRIE and CINAHL databases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical or (randomized) controlled trials, published in a peer-reviewed journal, comparing power-assisted wheelchair use and hand-rim or powered wheelchair use were eligible. Data quality and validity were assessed by two reviewers independently using the Checklist for Measuring Quality developed by Downs and Black.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A systematic search yielded 15 cross-over trails with repeated measurement design and one qualitative interview. Methodological quality scored between 9 and 15 points out of the maximum score of 32. Ten studies measuring body function and structure reported reduced strain on the arm and cardiovascular system during power-assisted propulsion compared to hand-rim propulsion. Twelve studies measuring activities and social participation reported precision tasks easier to perform with a hand-rim wheelchair and tasks which require more torque were easier with a power-assisted wheelchair. Social participation was not altered significantly by the use of a hand-rim, powered or power-assisted wheelchair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Power-assisted propulsion might be beneficial for subjects in whom independent hand-rim wheelchair propulsion is endangered by arm injury, insufficient arm strength or low cardiopulmonary reserves. Also, subjects who have difficulty propelling a wheelchair in a challenging environment can benefit from power-assisted wheelchair use. Caution is warranted for the additional width and weight in relation to the usual mode of transportation and access to the home environment.
authors.affiliation: Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, The Netherlands. m.kloosterman@rrd.nl
authors.forename: Marieke G M
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kloosterman
authors.forename: Govert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Snoek
authors.forename: Lucas H V
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: van der Woude
authors.forename: Jaap H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Buurke
authors.forename: Johan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rietman
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D014910:Wheelchairs