title: Intraluminal intestinal microdialysis detects markers of hypoxia and cell damage in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) represents one of the gravest complications in premature infants and carries significant morbidity and mortality. There is a great need for improved diagnostic methods to reduce the severity and incidence of NEC. The aim of the study was to investigate if intraluminal microdialysis can detect intestinal ischemia in newborn rats with induced experimental NEC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The studies were performed on 1-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Experimental NEC was induced using hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment. Microdialysis catheters were rectally inserted and placed in the rectosigmoid part of the colon. Microdialysate levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol were measured. Intestinal specimens were collected at the end of the experiments for microscopic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraluminal microdialysis revealed signs of intestinal hypoxia and cellular damage, with a marked increase of lactate and glycerol. Microscopic evaluation confirmed intestinal damage in the NEC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraluminal microdialysis can detect intestinal hypoxic stress and mucosal cell membrane decay in a rat model of NEC. Intestinal intraluminal microdialysis is easily accessible through the rectum and may be a useful noninvasive complement to other methods in the assessment of NEC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. niclas.hogberg@kbh.uu.se
authors.forename: Niclas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Högberg
authors.forename: Per-Ola
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hillered
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stenbäck
authors.forename: Helene Engstrand
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Lilja
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D012809:Colon, Sigmoid / Q000378:metabolism; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007082:Ileum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods*; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D005947:Glucose; D005990:Glycerol