title: Simultaneous determination of riboflavin and pyridoxine by UHPLC/LC-MS in UK commercial infant meal food products.
abstract: An assay for the simultaneous quantitative determination of riboflavin and pyridoxine in eight different complementary infant meal products has been developed in order to (1) estimate the daily intake of these vitamins from commercial infant food consumption, and (2) ascertain their nutritional suitability relative to dietary guidelines for the 6-9 months age group. The method involves mild hydrolysis of the foods, an extraction of the supernatant by centrifugation followed by quantitative determination using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Separation of the two water soluble vitamins is achieved within one minute and the resultant sample is also LC-MS compatible. Despite wide individual differences between brands (p=6.5e-12), no significant differences were observed in the level of pyridoxine between the meat and vegetable-based varieties (p=0.7) per 100g of commercial infant food. Riboflavin was not detected in any of the samples where the detection limit was below 0.07 μg/mL. In terms of the Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI) of pyridoxine for 6-9 months old infants, the complementary infant meal products analysed herein provided less than 15% of the RNI values with mean (SD) values of 12.87 (± 4.46)% and 13.88 (± 4.97)% for the meat- and vegetable-based recipes, respectively. The estimated total daily intake of riboflavin and pyridoxine from the consumption of commercial complementary food was found to be satisfactory and in accordance with the Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). The intake of both riboflavin and pyridoxine was estimated to be mainly derived from the consumption of formula milk which could be a cause of concern if the quality of an infant's milk diet is compromised by an inadequate or lack of supplemented milk intake. The results of this study suggest that the selected commercial complementary infant foods in the UK market may not contain the minimum levels of riboflavin and pyridoxine required for the labelling declaration of the micronutrient content of such products as recommended by Commission Directive 2006/125/EC.
authors.affiliation: School of Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK. N.ZandFard@greenwich.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zand
authors.forename: Babur Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Chowdhry
authors.forename: Frank S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Pullen
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Snowden
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tetteh
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000032:analysis*; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000032:analysis*; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D011736:Pyridoxine; D012256:Riboflavin