title: Advanced glycation end products and lipofuscin deposits share the same location in cardiocytes of the failing heart.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disturbed glucose metabolism, particularly in diabetes type 2 (DM2), may result in advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. One of the possible targets for this reaction is lipofuscin (LF), an intracytoplasmic garbage presumed to be a marker of physiologic and preterm aging of cells. The study was performed to seek for a relationship between AGE and LF in cardiocytes of the failing hearts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Archived tissue samples from 136 hearts explanted before transplantation (in 14 pts. with ischemic cardiomyopathy (CM) and DM2; 8 pts. with dilated CM and DM2; 67 non-diabetic pts. with ischemic CM; 47 non-diabetic pts. with dilated CM), 14 autopsy cases with DM2, and 20 heart donors (control group) were involved in the study. Immunohistochemical localization of AGE was applied. The coexistence of lipofuscin and AGE was studied by LF autofluorescence in AGE-positive slides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LF granules inside AGE deposits were present in all studied groups with varying frequencies, but the differences were non-significant. LF granules joined significantly with dispersed patterns of AGE i.e. diffuse and mixed, whereas coincidence of LF and AGE forming granular pattern was rare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate that LF may belong to the components of the AGE deposits. The frequency of this phenomenon is dependent on the AGE dispersion grade, but neither on diabetes nor cardiomyopathy presence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation at the Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Centre for Heart Disease, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nozynski
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zakliczynski
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Konecka-Mrowka
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zakliczynska
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pijet
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zembala-Nozynska
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zembala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001344:Autopsy; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000032:analysis*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008062:Lipofuscin / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D008062:Lipofuscin