title: Temper outbursts in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder and their association with depressed mood and treatment outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temper outbursts in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are a common source of concern, but remain poorly understood. This study examined a set of hypotheses related to: (a) the prevalence of temper outbursts in paediatric OCD, (b) the associations of temper outbursts with OCD severity and depressive symptoms; and (c) the influence of temper outbursts on treatment response.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of temper outbursts was estimated in a specialist OCD clinical sample (n = 387) using parent- and child-report. This was replicated in a community sample (n = 18,415). Associations of temper outbursts with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and with depressed mood were examined using logistic regression models. The influence of temper outbursts on treatment response was examined in a subsample of 109 patients treated with cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) with or without medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a third of young people with OCD displayed temper outbursts, and rates were similar across the clinical and community samples. Temper outbursts were two to three times more common in youth with OCD than in healthy controls. However, OCD symptom severity was not a strong predictor of child- or parent-reported temper outbursts. Instead, both child- and parent- reported temper outbursts were significantly associated to depressive symptoms. CBT strongly reduced OCD and depressive symptoms, as well as the severity of temper outbursts. There was no significant difference in post-treatment OCD or depression scores between those with temper outbursts compared to those without.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Temper outbursts are common in youth with OCD and are particularly related to depressed mood. They improve with CBT for OCD and do not seem to impede OCD treatment response.
authors.affiliation: OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. georgina.krebs@slam.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bolhuis
authors.forename: Isobel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heyman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mataix-Cols
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Argyris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stringaris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000786:Anger; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D062072:Patient Acuity; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016896:Treatment Outcome