title: Analysis of 14,008 uroliths from dogs in the UK over a 10-year period.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify breed-associated risk factors for urolithiasis in dogs from the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of all canine uroliths submitted to Hills Pet Nutrition UK for analysis at the University of Minnesota Urolith Centre over 10 years (1997 to 2006) were reviewed. The results, along with the request forms completed by the submitting veterinarian, were analysed. The most commonly affected breeds, age and gender of the dogs were identified for each of the most common types of uroliths (struvite, calcium oxalate, urate, cystine and mixed). Pearson's chi-squared tests were performed to assess whether certain breeds of dogs were over-represented relative to a reference population (from an insurance database).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The records of 14,008 urolith submissions were analysed. The relative frequency of struvite remained stable over time, whereas calcium oxalate decreased over the study period. Breeds found to be significantly over-represented for calcium oxalate uroliths included the Chihuahua, miniature poodle and Yorkshire terrier. Staffordshire bull terriers and English bulldogs were at increased risk for cystine uroliths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Associations between breed, gender, age and urolith formation were similar to those reported elsewhere. However, temporal trends and novel breed predispositions were identified.
authors.affiliation: The Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, West Midlands, B90 4NH.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lulich
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Syme
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013045:Species Specificity; D000069877:Struvite; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000662:veterinary*; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D000069877:Struvite