title: Atypical deglutition: diagnosis and interceptive treatment. A clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the early treatment of atypical deglutition, by analysing the efficacy of the eruptive guide appliance Habit Corrector™.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pre- and post-treatment (T1 and T2) cephalometric data of 2 groups of patients (G1 and G2), both consisting of 25 patients each and treated with Habit Corrector™, were compared. The first group included 10 males and 15 females, aged between 4 and 7 years old, with average age 6.17 years, and therefore undergoing the last phase of primary dentition and the first phase of mixed dentition. The second group included 12 males and 13 females, aged between 8 and 12 years old, with average age 9.19 years old, undergoing the second phase of mixed dentition. The overall duration of the treatment was 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed significant differences between the two groups, with respect to overbite, overjet, molar relation, inclination of the upper and lower incisors, position of the jaw. A significant variation between the two groups at T2 was registered for the maxillomandibular relationships: the increase in the growth and degree of mandibular protrusion was of 4.66° in G1 and 2.44° in G2. Significant changes were registered for the position or growth of the upper jaw; the upper facial height almost remained unaltered, with 53.34° for G1 and with 53.96° for G2. A significant variation occurred with the increase in the sagittal relationship between the molars, improved in G1 by 3.14 mm and in G2 by 2.61 mm. A significant decrease of overjet was registered in G1 by 1.94 mm and in G2 by 0.76 m and an increase of overbite in G1 by 3.14 mm and in G2 by 0.88 mm. The inclination of the maxillary and mandibular incisors improved, with an inter-incisive angle of 123° in G1 and 124.2° in G2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical results obtained suggest that early intervention in atypical deglutition with Habit Corrector™ is able to produce significant results in primary dentition and in the first phase of mixed dentition, rather than in the late phase of mixed dentition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Condò
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costacurta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perugia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Docimo
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D020247:Myofunctional Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D024343:Open Bite / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D014061:Tongue Habits / Q000009:adverse effects; D014078:Tooth Eruption