title: Extrapolating from animals to humans.
abstract: Because of a variety of caveats, the safety and effectiveness of interventions in human subjects can only be speculated from animal studies. Careful synthesis of data from multiple animal studies is needed to begin to assess the likelihood of successful cross-species translation (Fay et al., this issue).
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. jioannid@stanford.edu
authors.forename: John P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ioannidis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022122:Anthrax Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D022122:Anthrax Vaccines; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial