title: Cell-free microRNAs in urine as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers             of bladder cancer.
abstract: miRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that play important roles in various biological             processes. The aims of our study were to investigate whether cell-free miRNAs             can be measured in urine samples and might be an accurate biomarker of bladder             cancer. Datasets of GSE20418 and GSE19717 were used for analysis, and two miRNAs,             miR-145 and miR-200a, were selected for study. A total of 207 patients with primary             transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and 144 healthy normal controls             were enrolled. Using quantitative PCR, the levels of miR-145 and miR-200a in urine             were measured and compared with the clinicopathological features of bladder cancer.             According to our experiments, cell-free miRNAs were present in urine and were             stable. Assessment of miR-145 levels was able to distinguish bladder cancer patients             from non-cancer controls (77.8% sensitivity and 61.1% specificity for NMIBC, AUC             0.729; 84.1 and 61.1% for MIBC, respectively, AUC 0.790) and showed good correlation             with grade (p=0.048). In addition, miR-200a was shown to be an independent predictor             of NMIBC recurrence by multivariate analysis (OR 0.449, 95% CI 0.239‑0.842, p=0.013).             A higher risk of recurrence was observed among patients with a lower miR-200a             level compared to patients with higher miR-200a levels (log-rank test, p=0.040).             Urinary cell-free miRNAs show promise as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis             and recurrence of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of                     Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok Joong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Pildu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Won-Tae
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Phil Hyun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yung-Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Isaac Yi
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Wun-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C541010:MIRN145 microRNA, human; C533896:MIRN200 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs