title: Treatment of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis with repeated corneal swabbing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the effect of repeated corneal swabbing in patients with microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective noncomparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen eyes of 14 healthy patients with microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis were diagnosed based on the detection of microsporidia in corneal scrapings using Gram stain, the modified Kinyoun acid-fast stain, or both. Polymerase chain reaction plus gene analysis of the microsporidian 16S ribosomal RNA had been performed in 10 patients who sought treatment between 2010 and 2011. Some of the lesions were scraped for procurement of specimens. The remaining lesions were wiped off gently by cotton swabs. Repeated swabbing was performed if infection persisted or new lesions were observed at follow-up. To prevent secondary bacterial infection, 0.3% norfloxacin or 0.25 % chloramphenicol were prescribed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 52.2 years. All patients had the characteristic disseminated, punctate, slightly elevated, white epithelial lesions. The denser white lesions could be removed easily after gentle swabbing, and most epithelium remained intact. The 10 cases with positive polymerase chain reaction results were all identified to be Vittaforma corneae. The mean number of corneal swabbing was 3.3, and the mean disease resolution time was 6.6 days. No patients had recurrence or loss of visual acuity at last follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated swabbing effectively can eradicate corneal epithelial microsporidial lesions in approximately 1 week. It is easy to perform, less painful, and more acceptable for the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nai-Wen
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Pei-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Te-Li
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chien-Pei
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shui-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003315:Cornea / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D016814:Microsporidia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015503:Surgical Sponges / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D009643:Norfloxacin