title: In vivo evaluation of the third generation biodegradable stent: a novel approach to avoiding the forgotten stent syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ureteral stents are prone to irritation, encrustation and infection, and they require additional procedures for removal. Furthermore, indwelling polymer stents are often forgotten with devastating consequences to the patient. We describe the degradation time, and physiological and histological responses elicited by a novel biodegradable ureteral stent in a porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 16 female Yorkshire pigs were used in the study. Ten biodegradable Uriprene™ stents and 6 biostable Polaris™ stents were cystoscopically inserted unilaterally in 2 groups of animals. Excretory urogram, and blood and urine tests were performed on different days until day 28. Biostable stents were removed on day 21. On day 28 all pigs underwent necropsy for microscopic and histological evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of the 10 biodegradable stents (90%) degraded completely by 4 weeks, while 1 pig had 3 fragments smaller than 1.5 cm in the bladder. Excretory urogram showed equivalent drainage and significantly less hydronephrosis in biodegradable stented kidneys. Blood and urine parameters were similar in the 2 groups. A transient increase in serum creatinine on day 7 in 40% of the pigs with a degradable stent resolved by day 10. There were significantly fewer abnormal histological findings in the degradable stent group. We evaluated drainage characteristics in an unobstructed ureter and results may not be representative of what develops in obstructed ureters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The third generation biodegradable stent is a safe, effective alternative to conventional polymer stents, resulting in equivalent drainage and less hydronephrosis.
authors.affiliation: The Stone Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Ben H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: Ryan F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Clinkscales
authors.forename: Barry S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Shalaby W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shalaby
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine; D013577:Syndrome; D014513:Ureter