title: Human monoclonal antibody HCV1 effectively prevents and treats HCV infection in chimpanzees.
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver transplantation and there is an urgent need to develop therapies to reduce rates of HCV infection of transplanted livers. Approved therapeutics for HCV are poorly tolerated and are of limited efficacy in this patient population. Human monoclonal antibody HCV1 recognizes a highly-conserved linear epitope of the HCV E2 envelope glycoprotein (amino acids 412-423) and neutralizes a broad range of HCV genotypes. In a chimpanzee model, a single dose of 250 mg/kg HCV1 delivered 30 minutes prior to infusion with genotype 1a H77 HCV provided complete protection from HCV infection, whereas a dose of 50 mg/kg HCV1 did not protect. In addition, an acutely-infected chimpanzee given 250 mg/kg HCV1 42 days following exposure to virus had a rapid reduction in viral load to below the limit of detection before rebounding 14 days later. The emergent virus displayed an E2 mutation (N415K/D) conferring resistance to HCV1 neutralization. Finally, three chronically HCV-infected chimpanzees were treated with a single dose of 40 mg/kg HCV1 and viral load was reduced to below the limit of detection for 21 days in one chimpanzee with rebounding virus displaying a resistance mutation (N417S). The other two chimpanzees had 0.5-1.0 log(10) reductions in viral load without evidence of viral resistance to HCV1. In vitro testing using HCV pseudovirus (HCVpp) demonstrated that the sera from the poorly-responding chimpanzees inhibited the ability of HCV1 to neutralize HCVpp. Measurement of antibody responses in the chronically-infected chimpanzees implicated endogenous antibody to E2 and interference with HCV1 neutralization although other factors may also be responsible. These data suggest that human monoclonal antibody HCV1 may be an effective therapeutic for the prevention of graft infection in HCV-infected patients undergoing liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Trevor J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: Teresa J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Broering
authors.forename: Brett A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Leav
authors.forename: Barbra M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Kirk J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rowley
authors.forename: Elisabeth N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Cheslock
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knauber
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Steve W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ludmerer
authors.forename: Gyongyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Finberg
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Purcell
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lanford
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ambrosino
authors.forename: Deborah C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Molrine
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Babcock
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D009154:Mutation; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D060225:Tetraspanin 28 / Q000378:metabolism; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral; D060225:Tetraspanin 28; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C091015:glycoprotein E2, Hepatitis C virus