title: Pingmu decoction enhances apoptosis of orbital adipocytes derived from             patients with Graves' ophthalmophathy.
abstract: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), an autoimmune disease, has been demonstrated             to result from an increased volume of orbital contents, including adipose, connective             and extraocular muscle tissues. In our previous study, we showed that Pingmu decoction             is capable of alleviating GO progression. In this study, to further investigate             the underlying mechanism(s), we examined the effects of Pingmu decoction-containing             serum on the proliferation and apoptosis of preadipocytes and adipocytes derived             from the orbital adipose tissue of GO patients. Our data demonstrate for the first             time that Pingmu decoction-containing serum significantly reduces preadipocyte             proliferation and increases adipocyte apoptosis as measured by MTT assay and Annexin V/FITC             staining, respectively. Moreover, Pingmu decoction elevated the levels of cleaved             caspase-3, 8 and 9 and decreased the levels of cell cycle-related genes compared             to those of the control. In addition, cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase was             observed following Pingmu decoction treatment. This study shows a mechanism by             which Pingmu decoction serves as an effective GO medicine by downregulating preadipocyte             proliferation and increasing adipocyte apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China. dlbtzh@126.com
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yaqiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rongjuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9