title: Standardization of vascular assessment of erectile dysfunction: standard operating procedures for duplex ultrasound.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In-office evaluation of erectile dysfunction by color duplex Doppler ultrasound (CDDU) may benefit the decision-making process in regard to choosing the most appropriate therapy. Unfortunately, there is no uniform standardization in performing CDDU resulting in high variability in data expression and interpretation when comparing results among various centers, especially when conducting multicenter trials. Establishing standard operating procedures (SOPs) is a major step that will help minimize such variability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This SOP describes CDDU procedure with focus on establishing uniformity and normative parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measure intra-arterial diameter, peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and resistive index for each cavernosal artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  After initial discussion with the patient about his history and International Index of Erectile Function evaluation describe procedural steps to the patient. Perform the CDDU in a relaxed state, scanning the entire penis (in B-mode image) using a 7.5- to 12-MHz linear array ultrasound probe. An intracorporal injection of a single or combination of vasoactive agents (e.g., prostaglandin E1, phentolamine, and papaverine) is then administered and CDDU performed at various time points, preferably with audiovisual sexual stimulation (AVSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Monitor penile erection response (tumescence and rigidity) near peak blood flow. Self-stimulation or AVSS leaving the patient alone in room or redosing may be considered to decrease any anxiety and help achieve a maximum rigid erection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the complexity and heterogeneity of CDDU evaluation, this communication will help in standardization and establish uniformity in such data interpretation. When indicated, invasive diagnostic testing involving (i) penile angiography and (ii) cavernosography/cavernosometry to establish veno-occlusive dysfunction may be recommended to facilitate further treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Suresh C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sikka
authors.forename: Wayne J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hellstrom
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: Antonio Martin
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morales
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols / Q000592:standards; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D018783:Impotence, Vasculogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000502:physiology; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards