title: Chemopreventive activity of compounds extracted from Casearia sylvestris (Salicaceae) Sw against DNA damage induced by particulate matter emitted by sugarcane burning near Araraquara, Brazil.
abstract: Ethanolic extract of Casearia sylvestris is thought to be antimutagenic. In this study, we attempted to determine whether this extract and casearin X (a clerodane diterpene from C. sylvestris) are protective against the harmful effects of airborne pollutants from sugarcane burning. To that end, we used the Tradescantia micronucleus test in meiotic pollen cells of Tradescantia pallida, the micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow cells, and the comet assay in mouse blood cells. The mutagenic compound was total suspended particulate (TSP) from air. For the Tradescantia micronucleus test, T. pallida cuttings were treated with the extract at 0.13, 0.25, or 0.50 mg/ml. Subsequently, TSP was added at 0.3mg/ml, and tetrads from the inflorescences were examined for micronuclei. For the micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow cells and the comet assay in mouse blood cells, Balb/c mice were treated for 15 days with the extract-3.9, 7.5, or 15.0 mg/kg body weight (BW)-or with casearin X-0.3, 0.25, or 1.2 mg/kg BW-after which they received TSP (3.75 mg/kg BW). In T. pallida and mouse bone marrow cells, the extract was antimutagenic at all concentrations tested. In mouse blood cells, the extract was antigenotoxic at all concentrations, whereas casearin X was not antimutagenic but was antigenotoxic at all concentrations. We conclude that C. sylvestris ethanolic extract and casearin X protect DNA from damage induced by airborne pollutants from sugarcane burning.
authors.affiliation: UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621 Araraquara, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Csipak
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Caliri
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arbex
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: M R R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Marchi
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cavalheiro
authors.forename: D H S
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bolzani
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D037821:Casearia / Q000737:chemistry*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D031786:Saccharum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C548433:1-(acetyloxy)-3,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10-octahydro-10-hydroxy-7,8-dimethyl-7-(3-methylpenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)naphtho(1,8a-c)furan-3,5-diyl dibutanoate; D000393:Air Pollutants; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010936:Plant Extracts