title: Ergonomics in laparoendoscopic single-site surgery: survey results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ergonomic issues are frequently reported by surgeons performing laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery. However, few studies have analysed this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a web format survey to evaluate the opinion of surgeons with experience in this laparoscopic technique. This survey collected demographic information, surgical experience, physical and psychological symptoms, and technical problems related to this type of surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 78 surgeons filled out the questionnaire. All participants had clinical experience in this type of laparoscopic approach, and 68 % had performed more than 30 procedures. Two or more musculoskeletal symptoms were reported during or after performing LESS surgery by 81 % of all surgeons. Surgeons with more experience in this approach reported fewer symptoms and technical difficulties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LESS surgery is accompanied by musculoskeletal problems and technical difficulties for surgeons. Technological advancements and greater surgical experience in the technique will alleviate these issues. More in-depth ergonomic studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, "La Mancha Centro" General Hospital, Avd. de la Constitución no. 3, 13600, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain. antoniomorandeira@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morandeira-Rivas
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Millán-Casas
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreno-Sanz
authors.forename: María Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Herrero-Bogajo
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tenías-Burillo
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giménez-Salillas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016272:Occupational Health