title: Insecticide substitutes for DDT to control mosquitoes may be causes of several diseases.
abstract: Malaria continues to be a public health problem in Bangladesh, despite efforts in the 1960s to eradicate the vectors through the use of DDT. At one point, eradication of malaria was acclaimed but later on it reappeared. The use of DDT is no more legally allowed in Bangladesh, which has been officially replaced by a number organophosphates and/or synthetic pyrethroids and their combinations in addition to the integrated vector management (IVM) package. IVM being a community approach is still to go a long way to be mass popular. Adulticides, larvicides, residual sprays, mosquito coil, insecticide-impregnated curtain, aerosol, etc. still serve as the major weapons of mosquito control. Thus, mosquito control still mostly depends on chemical insecticides. Although the use of DDT is banned in Bangladesh, there are reports on its illegal use in different forms. Moreover, there is tons of leftover DDT in Bangladesh, which is likely to cause several diseases. As per one report, about 500 MTs of DDT stockpiles are lying in the Medical Sub-Depots at Chittagong for over a period of 26 years. DDT is a persistent organic pollutant pesticide, which can cause diseases like cancer, endocrine disorder, disruption of immune system, embryonic abnormality, reproductive disorder, etc. Other chemical insecticides, which are replacing DDT, are also not free of hazardous impacts. IVM thus appears to be a wise approach requiring concerted efforts for the management of mosquito to control malaria. Such an IVM comprises use of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. israelensis, methoprene, biocontrol agents, cleaning of breeding sites, pyrethroid-impregnated curtain, etc. Therefore, a wise effort should be adopted to completely stop the use of DDT, eliminate its stockpiles wherever they are in Bangladesh and to popularise the IVM, not the chemicals-based alternatives throughout the country.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh. drmahbubarr@gmail.com
authors.forename: Md Mahbubar
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh; D003634:DDT / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010755:Organophosphates; D011722:Pyrethrins; D003634:DDT