title: Quinoxaline derivatives: a patent review (2006--present).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quinoxaline scaffold is included in a large number of therapeutic agents because of its physicochemical properties that make the difference between them and the carbono analogue, naphthalene.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review of patented products presents the quinoxaline heterocycle as part of the structural patent claims from a medicinal chemistry perspective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We centred our discussion in the various drug patent applications of the quinoxaline and its derivatives. The applications are based firstly in the specific enzyme target with very low development in the disease treatment. Only for cancer and antimicrobial agents they were specifically determined but little is mentioned in order to insight in the last development activities.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica-Instituto de Química Biológica-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay. megonzal@fq.edu.uy
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cerecetto
mesh_terms: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010330:Patents as Topic; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists; D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D000700:Analgesics; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011810:Quinoxalines; D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; C468386:HSD11B1 protein, human