title: Review of qualitative approaches for the construction industry: designing a risk management toolbox.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents the framework and protocol design for a construction industry risk management toolbox. The construction industry needs a comprehensive, systematic approach to assess and control occupational risks. These risks span several professional health and safety disciplines, emphasized by multiple international occupational research agenda projects including: falls, electrocution, noise, silica, welding fumes, and musculoskeletal disorders. Yet, the International Social Security Association says, "whereas progress has been made in safety and health, the construction industry is still a high risk sector."
  
  
  METHODS
  Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) employ about 80% of the world's construction workers. In recent years a strategy for qualitative occupational risk management, known as Control Banding (CB) has gained international attention as a simplified approach for reducing work-related risks. CB groups hazards into stratified risk 'bands', identifying commensurate controls to reduce the level of risk and promote worker health and safety. We review these qualitative solutions-based approaches and identify strengths and weaknesses toward designing a simplified CB 'toolbox' approach for use by SMEs in construction trades.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This toolbox design proposal includes international input on multidisciplinary approaches for performing a qualitative risk assessment determining a risk 'band' for a given project. Risk bands are used to identify the appropriate level of training to oversee construction work, leading to commensurate and appropriate control methods to perform the work safely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Construction Toolbox presents a review-generated format to harness multiple solutions-based national programs and publications for controlling construction-related risks with simplified approaches across the occupational safety, health and hygiene professions.
authors.affiliation: Environment, Safety, and Health Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zalk
authors.forename: Ton
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spee
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gillen
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lentz
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrod
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Swuste