title: Image fusion in the management of thermal tumor ablation of the liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether image fusion with contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and CT is effective in the pre-, intra- and post-interventional management of liver lesions during microwave or radiofrequency ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with a single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to 3 cm diameter, identified on both contrast-enhanced CT (Siemens Somatom Definition AS and Definition Edge, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and ultrasound (Siemens ACUSON S2000™ or S3000™, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) were retrospectively enrolled between July 2011 and May 2012. Either automatic registration or plane match registration was chosen on CT and ultrasound for the pre-, intra- and postinterventional management of all treated liver lesions during microwave or radiofrequency ablation. Using conventional ultrasound B-mode, CEUS and image fusion including B-mode and CEUS the detectability of the liver lesions was evaluated semi-quantitatively by comparing the image sequences in a consensus reading. Eight patients underwent radiofrequency ablation and seven patients underwent microwave ablation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were examined using all diagnostic ultrasound tools of the study. The results show that the procedure is easy and convenient to perform, as well as efficient. The co-registration procedure took approximately 5 to 10 minutes depending on the amount of DICOM volume-data and the habitus of the patient. The results show that the use of image fusion with CT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound could improve the diagnostic assessment capabilities in comparison to the examination without image fusion in the pre-, intra- and postinterventional management of malignant liver lesions during thermal ablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous thermal ablation guided by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and image fusion seems to be an efficient approach for malignant liver lesions especially if these are not clearly demarcated by B-mode. The use of the image fusion technique in the pre-, intra- and postinterventional management can increase operator confidence, the accuracy of the procedure, and technical success in real time.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany. Dirk.Clevert@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Clevert
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Paprottka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Trumm
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D057086:High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media