title: Controversies in congenital clubfoot : literature review.
abstract: Despite common occurrence, congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is still a subject of controversy. It poses a significant problem with its unpredictable outcome, especially when the presentation for treatment is late. The true etiology remains unknown although many theories have been put forward. A standard management scheme is difficult as there is no uniformity in the pathoanatomy, classification and radiographic evaluation. These differ according to the age of the child and the severity of the condition. The paper discusses these controversies with an emphasis on the proposed etiologies and types of treatment performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nordin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aidura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Razak
authors.forename: Wi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Faisham