title: Influences of four different light-emitting diode lights on flowering and polyphenol variations in the leaves of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium).
abstract: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an efficient alternative to traditional lamps for plant growth. To investigate the influence of LEDs on flowering and polyphenol biosynthesis in the leaves of chrysanthemum, the plants were grown under supplemental blue, green, red, and white LEDs. Flower budding was formed even after a longer photoperiod than a critical day length of 13.5 h per day under blue light illumination. The weights of leaves and stems were highest under the white light illumination growth condition, whereas the weight of roots appeared to be independent of light quality. Among nine polyphenols characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy, three polyphenols were identified for the first time in chrysanthemum. A quantitation and principal component analysis biplot demonstrated that luteolin-7-O-glucoside (2), luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (3), and quercetagetin-trimethyl ether (8) were the highest polyphenols yielded under green light, and dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer (4), dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer (5), naringenin (7), and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (6) were greatest under red light. Chlorogenic acid (1) and 1,2,6-trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (9) were produced in similar concentrations under both light types. The white and blue light appeared inefficient for polyphenol production. Taken together, our results suggest that the chrysanthemum flowering and polyphenol production are influenced by light quality composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Semin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: On Nuri
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Gon-Sup
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun-Hi
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hanhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Gyemin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soo Taek
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won Sup
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D031202:Chrysanthemum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols