title: [Life-threatening opioid overdose. Decoding the physician pin code of a patient-controlled anesthesia pump by patients].
abstract: Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is an established standard therapy for providing postoperative analgesia. To avoid possible abuse by patients each PCA pump is secured by a pin code that should be neither known nor accessible to patients. The two case reports described illustrate how manipulation of a PCA pump led to massive opioid abuse by the patients who decoded the pin code for unlimited additional doses. One patient developed withdrawal symptoms after switching the therapy and, as a consequence even had to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Easy access to the PCA pump codes on the internet for the patients and the impossibility of changing the pin codes by the medical staff played an important role in these two cases.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, AKH Linz, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020 Linz, Österreich. karin.imhof@akh.linz.at
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imhof
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krall
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gombotz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000506:poisoning*; D003061:Codeine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000506:poisoning / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003422:Critical Care; D062787:Drug Overdose; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010820:Physicians; D000069583:Pregabalin; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000601:surgery; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000069583:Pregabalin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C014481:dihydrocodeine; D003061:Codeine