title: The prevalence and recognition of chronic kidney disease and anemia in long-term care residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anemia in the long-term care facility, the rate of recognition of these conditions, and the specific interventions used to treat anemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven long-term care facilities in Colorado.
  
  
  METHODS
  Had > 90-day residency in the long-term care facility; had index serum creatinine and hemoglobin (Hb) values ± 90 days of the earliest (index) Minimum Data Set (MDS). Data were derived from the AnalytiCare(sm) database (January 1, 2007-September 15, 2008) containing laboratory results, MDS reports, and pharmacy fills. Residents with laboratory-defined CKD had estimated glomerular filtration rates < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Those with laboratory-defined anemia had < 12 g/dL Hb females, < 13 g/dL Hb males. MDS reports indicated recognition of CKD and anemia. Prescription records identified anemia-related pharmacotherapy for anemic residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence rates of laboratory-defined CKD and anemia, recognition rates of anemia and CKD, and rates of use of specific anemia pharmacotherapies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For 838 eligible residents, laboratory findings showed a prevalence rate of 43% for CKD and 46% for anemia. Only 2.8% and 14.6% of residents with laboratory defined CKD had CKD recognized on the index, or any index or postindex MDS, respectively. Anemia recognition rates were 9.6% and 39.9%, respectively. No single anemia prescription therapy class (erythropoiesis stimulating agents, iron, vitamin B(12), or folic acid) was used for more than 10% of all residents with laboratory- or MDS-defined anemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For CKD and anemia, the lack of concordance between laboratory- and MDS-identified disease should alert health care professionals of potential under-recognition within the long-term care facility.
authors.affiliation: Informagenics, LLC, Columbus, OH, USA. greardon@informagenics.com
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reardon
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: R Steve
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hord
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies