title: Vergence and accommodation system in malay primary school children.
abstract: Sixty primary school children, were measured for for accommodation and, vergence facility, accommodation accuracy, relative accommodation, fusional vergence / reserve and heterophoria.Analysis of Variance revealed that no - single factor was significant by involved among the six age groups for all the above (p>0.05). However, a significant age difference (p<0.05) was found in the fusional reserve. The mean and standard deviation was 20.08 (±6.43) cpm for the monocular accommodation facility, 19.77 (±6.26) cpm for the binocular accommodation facility, 20.18 (±5.00) cpm for the vergence facility, 0.44 (±0.27) D for the accommodation accuracy, -0.28 (±0.82) PD for the heterophoria at distance, -1.84 (±3.9) PD for the near heterophoria, 3.25 (±0.79) D for the negative relative accommodation, and -3.90 (±1.32) D for the positive relative accommodation.There was no age difference in the accommodation and the vergence status between years the ages of 7 and 12 years old but the fusional reserve component of the vergence system varied with age. The vergence and the accommodation findings in our subjects were discussed and compared with previous studies to serve as a guideline in clinical data interpretation and diagnosis for binocular vision problems in Malay children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ai Hong
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ahmad Hakimi Zainol
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Abidin