title: The bacteriological quality of drinking water in Haldwani block of Nainital district, Uttarakhand, India.
abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of water in Haldwani block, Nainital District, India. Stratified random sampling was used to categorize water sources and consumer points. In total, 108 samples were collected: 15 from the Gola river, 51 from water taps, 24 from water treatment plants and 18 from tube wells. Samples were tested for coliforms by the most probable number technique. Identification of species was done by standard procedures. Of 108 water samples, 58.8% were found to be polluted. All samples of water (n = 15) from different sites of the Gola river were found to be highly contaminated. Out of 24 water treatment plant samples, four samples were found unsatisfactory, while more than half (51.6%) of its supplies to water taps were polluted. From tube wells and their water taps, 88.8 and 60% samples were found safe for drinking respectively. Bacterial contamination of water treatment plants and their supplies indicates significant disparities in the efficiency of water treatment processes. Contamination of water taps of tube wells suggests leakage of pipes. There is an urgent need to improve these services to ensure the supply of safe water for consumers.
authors.affiliation: Govt. Medical College, Haldwani, District Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. drvinitarawat31@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Vinita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: Sanjay Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Arundhati
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bag
authors.forename: Monil
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singhai
authors.forename: Chandra Mohan Singh
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rawat
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water