title: Antioxidant and schistosomicidal effect of Allium sativum and Allium cepa against Schistosoma mansoni different stages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The schistosomicidal properties of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) powder were tested in vitro against Schistosoma mansoni miracidia, schistosomula, cercaria and adult worms. Results indicate their strong biocidal effects against all stages of the parasite and also show scavenging inhibitory effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO).
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present work, the in vivo effects of A. sativum and A. cepa on lipid peroxide and some antioxidant enzymes; thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) (as they have a crucial role in host protection against invading parasite) were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data demonstrate that, there was a significant inhibition in SOD, CAT, GR, TrxR and SDH in infected liver while, significant elevation was detected in lipid peroxide as compared to the normal control. The current resultS clearly revealed that, the used both edible plants enhance the host antioxidant system indicated by lowering in lipid peroxide and stimulation of SOD, CAT, GR, TrxR and SDH enzyme levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhancement of such enzymes using A. sativum and A. cepa could in turn render the parasite vulnerable to damage by the host and may play a role in the antischistosomal potency of the used food ingredients.
authors.affiliation: Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, El Behooth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mantawy
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zayed
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Fahmy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019697:Onions / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000187:drug effects*; D012556:Schistosomicides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012556:Schistosomicides; D009569:Nitric Oxide