title: The interaction between intra-cyclic variation of the velocity and mean swimming velocity in young competitive swimmers.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the intra-cyclic variation of the horizontal velocity (dv) and the velocity of the 4 competitive swimming techniques in young swimmers. 45 young swimmers performed a set of maximal 4 × 25 m (freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly stroke) swims with in water start. A speed-meter cable was attached to the swimmer's hip. The dv and the swimming velocity were analyzed. Within-subject tests presented significant variations in the dv based on the swimming technique. Post-hoc test revealed significant differences across all pair-wised swimming techniques (P<0.001), except for the comparison between freestyle and backstroke (P=0.98). The dv was higher in the breaststroke, followed by the butterfly, the backstroke and the freestyle. The quadratic models had the best goodness-of-fit and the lower error of estimation for the relationship between the dv and the swimming velocity in all swimming techniques (0.24 ≤ R(2) ≤ 0.51). As a conclusion, there is a non-linear relationship where the increase of swimming velocity leads to a decrease of dv in young competitive swimmers.
authors.affiliation: IPB, Sport Sciences, Bragança, Portugal. barbosa@ipb.pt
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: P G F
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Morouço
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Feitosa
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Garrido
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013996:Time and Motion Studies