title: Choroidal thinning in diabetes type 1 detected by 3-dimensional 1060 nm optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To map choroidal (ChT) and retinal thickness (RT) in patients with diabetes type 1 with and without maculopathy and retinopathy in order to compare them with healthy subjects using high speed 3-dimensional (3D) 1060 nm optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three eyes from 33 diabetes type 1 subjects (23-57 years, 15 male) divided into groups of without pathology (NDR) and with pathology (DR; including microaneurysms, exudates, clinically significant macular-oedema and proliferative retinopathy) were compared with 20 healthy axial eye length and age-matched subjects (24-57 years, 9 male), imaged by high speed (60.000 A-scans/s) 3D 1060 nm OCT performed over 36° × 36° field of view. Ocular health status, disease duration, body mass index, haemoglobin-A1c, and blood pressure (bp) measurements were recorded. Subfoveal ChT, and 2D topographic maps between retinal pigment epithelium and the choroidal/scleral-interface, were automatically generated and statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subfoveal ChT (mean ± SD, μm) for healthy eyes was 388 ± 109; significantly thicker than all diabetic groups, 291 ± 64 for NDR, and 303 ± 82 for DR (ANOVA P < 0.004, Tukey P = 0.01 for NDR and DR). Thinning did not relate to recorded factors (multi-regression analysis, P > 0.05). Compared with healthy eyes and the NDR, the averaged DR ChT-map demonstrated temporal thinning that extended superiorly and temporal-inferiorly (unpaired t-test, P < 0.05). Foveal RT and RT-maps showed no statistically significant difference between groups (mean SD, μm, healthy 212 ± 17, NDR 217 ± 15, DR 216 ± 27, ANOVA P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ChT is decreased in diabetes type 1, independent of the absence of pathology and of diabetic disease duration. In eyes with pathology, 3D 1060 nm OCT averaged maps showed an extension of the thinning area matching retinal lesions and suggesting its involvement on onset or progression of disease.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Retinology and Biomicroscopic Laser Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Rudolph Foundation Hospital, Vienna, Austria. marieh.esmaeelpour@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Marieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esmaeelpour
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ansari-Shahrezaei
authors.forename: Siamak Ansari
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shahrezaei
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nemetz
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Povazay
authors.forename: Vedran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kajic
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Binder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult