title: Regulation of mitochondrial function and energetics by reactive nitrogen oxides.
abstract: Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) generated from L-arginine by NO synthase regulates mitochondrial function by binding to cytochrome c oxidase in competition with oxygen. This interaction can elicit a variety of intracellular signaling events of both physiological and pathophysiological significance. Recent lines of research demonstrate that inorganic nitrate and nitrite, derived from oxidized NO or from the diet, are metabolized in vivo to form NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides with intriguing effects on cellular energetics and cytoprotection. Here we discuss the latest advances in our understanding of the roles of nitrate, nitrite, and NO in the modulation of mitochondrial function, with a particular focus on dietary nitrate and exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. filip.larsen@ki.se
authors.forename: Filip J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Tomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Schiffer
authors.forename: Eddie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weitzberg
authors.forename: Jon O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Lundberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D010100:Oxygen