title: Comparison of virucidal activity of alcohol-based hand sanitizers versus antimicrobial hand soaps in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Three ethanol-based sanitizers were compared with three antimicrobial liquid soaps for their efficacy to inactivate polio-, adeno-, vaccinia- and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) as well as feline calicivirus (FCV) and murine norovirus (MNV) as surrogates for human norovirus in a suspension test. Additionally, sanitizers and soaps were examined against MNV in a modified fingerpad method. All sanitizers sufficiently inactivated the test viruses in the suspension test whereas two soaps were active only against vaccinia virus and BVDV. In the modified fingerpad test a povidone-iodine-containing soap was superior to the sanitizers whereas the other two soaps showed no activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 179, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paulmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steinmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinmann
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D012915:Soaps / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004202:Disinfectants; D012915:Soaps