title: [Markers of stromal invasion during background and precancerous changes of the glandular epithelium and in adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri].
abstract: It is very difficult to identify stromal invasion when the glandular epithelium of the cervix uteri is involved. It is necessary to draw a clear distinction between its glandular structures and adenocarcinoma in situ, involving the preexisting crypts and invasive glands. An attempt was made to assess the possibilities of using as markers of invasion the following stromal proteins and adhesion molecules: CD44, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, tenascin, and laminin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three cases of benign glandular changes, 66 cases of dysplasias and adenocarcinomas in situ, and 47 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma were examined. An immunohistochemical study was performed according to the standard protocol using the antibodies to CD44, laminin, tenascin, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin and a semiquantitative assessment of results was made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD44 was found to be redistributed from the cells to the tumor stroma. CD44 was not detected in the stroma surrounding the intact glands, so were benign epithelial changes. In the tumor environment, there was, on the contrary, a reaction with CD44 in 74.5% of invasive adenocarcinomas cases (p < 0.05). The expression of tenascin in the invasive adenocarcinomas and around the foci of early stromal invasion significantly exceeded that in the stroma around the intact glands and dysplastic changes (p < 0.05). All the study groups showed a membrane reaction with E-cadherin and beta-catenin, which probably suggested that changes were absent in the Wnt signaling pathway. In 70.2% of invasive adenocarcinomas, laminin demonstrated a significant cytoplasmic expression in 5-30% of the tumor cells predominantly located along the tumor invasion area or in the deepest tumor complexes (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD44 and tenascin are of great diagnostic value in examining invasive and microinvasive adenocarcinomas of the cervix uteri. E-cadherin and beta-catenin are of no diagnostic value in the study groups of pathological processes. Laminin is a potential marker of stromal invasion; however, its expression calls for further investigation.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Danilova
authors.forename: Iu Iu
authors.initials: IuIu
authors.lastname: Andreeva
authors.forename: L É
authors.initials: LÉ
authors.lastname: Zavalishina
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mal'kov
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003656:Decidua / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007797:Laminin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007797:Laminin; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins