title: Reference values of aortic pulse wave velocity in a large healthy population aged between 3 and 18 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The measurement of aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV(ao)) is an accepted marker in stratifying individual cardiovascular risk in adults. There is an increasing volume of evidence concerning impaired vascular function in different diseases in paediatric populations, but, unfortunately, only a few studies are available on the measurement of normal PWV(ao) values in children. The aim of our study was to determine the reference values of PWV(ao) in a large healthy population using a newly developed technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three thousand, three hundred and seventy-four healthy individuals (1802 boys) aged 3-18 years were examined by an invasively validated, occlusive, oscillometric device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean PWV(ao) values increased from 5.5 ± 0.3 to 6.5 ± 0.3 m/s (P < 0.05) in boys and from 5.6 ± 0.3 to 6.4 ± 0.3 m/s (P < 0.05) in girls. The increase, however, was not constant, and the values exhibited a flat period between the ages of 3 and 8 years in both sexes. The first pronounced increase occurred at the age of 12.1 years in boys and 10.4 years in girls. Moreover, between the ages of 3 and 8 years, the brachial SBP and mean blood pressures increased continuously and gradually, whereas the PWV(ao) remained unchanged. By contrast, beyond the age of 9 years, blood pressure and aortic stiffness trends basically moved together.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides the largest database to date concerning arterial stiffness in healthy children and adolescents between the ages of 3 and 18 years, and the technology adopted proved easy to use in large paediatric populations, even at a very young age.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. pediatriccor@gmail.com
authors.forename: Erzsébet Valéria
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Hidvégi
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Illyés
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benczúr
authors.forename: Renáta M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Böcskei
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rátgéber
authors.forename: Zsófia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lenkey
authors.forename: Ferenc T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cziráki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D009991:Oscillometry; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis / Q000592:standards*; D012016:Reference Values