title: Sleep disorders in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the frequency and predictors of sleep disorders in boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study by postal questionnaire. Sleep disturbances were assessed using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (validated on 1157 healthy children). A total sleep score and six sleep disturbance factors representing the most common sleep disorders were computed. Potential associations between pathological scores and personal, medical and environmental factors were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen of 63 boys (25.4%) had a pathological total sleep score compared with 3% in the general population. The most prevalent sleep disorders were disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) 29.7%, sleep-related breathing disorders 15.6% and sleep hyperhydrosis 14.3%. On multivariate analysis, pathological total sleep scores were associated with the need to be moved by a carer (OR = 9.4; 95%CI: 2.2-40.7; p = 0.003) and being the child of a single-parent family (OR =7.2; 95%CI: 1.5-35.1; p = 0.015) and DIMS with the need to be moved by a carer (OR = 18.0; 95%CI: 2.9-110.6; p = 0.002), steroid treatment (OR = 7.7; 95%CI: 1.4-44.0; p = 0.021) and being the child of a single-parent family (OR = 7.0; 95%CI: 1.3-38.4; p = 0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep disturbances are frequent in boys with DMD and are strongly associated with immobility. Sleep should be systematically assessed in DMD to implement appropriate interventions.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bloetzer
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Jeannet
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010290:Parents; D015995:Prevalence; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology