title: The burden of moderate to severe psoriasis: an overview.
abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disorder that affects 1-3% of the general population worldwide. While considered a non-life-threatening disease, psoriasis represents a social and financial burden for patients and the healthcare system. Individuals suffer from disfigurement and from social stigmatization. Because the disease is usually persistent, patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis usually need lifelong care, which also means a lifetime of expenses. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of the evidence available concerning the social burden and costs of psoriasis. A search for the keywords 'quality of life' (QOL) or 'burden' or 'stigmatization' or 'psychological factors' in PubMed up to January 2010 yielded a total of 817 studies. QOL was affected by psoriasis to a degree comparable with diabetes or cancer. A search for 'cost-of-illness analyses', in the same period, yielded only seven papers satisfying entry criteria. All the studies but one were performed before biologics became available for psoriasis treatment. Direct costs were higher than indirect costs, with hospitalization representing the most significant item. Treatment costs showed wide variations between different studies. Reasons for these discrepancies are manifold including differences in the selection of the sample, as well as in the methods for calculating costs. There is a need to harmonize methodologies. For a final conclusive judgement of the cost effectiveness of innovative therapies such as biological agents, long-term economic consequences have to be evaluated and long-term remission rates and complications considered.
authors.affiliation: Centro Studi Gruppo Italiano Studi Epidemiologici in Dermatologia-GISED, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raho
authors.forename: Daniela Mihajlova
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Koleva
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garattini
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naldi
mesh_terms: D017281:Cost of Illness; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000191:economics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013240:Stereotyping