title: Vitreoretinal lymphoma: changing trends in diagnosis and local treatment modalities at a single institution.
abstract: In this retrospective study on vitreoretinal lymphoma, there was significant change in diagnosis and treatment trends over 17 years at a single institution. Fine needle aspiration biopsy had replaced vitrectomy to collect vitreous sample and external beam radiotherapy in combination with systemic chemotherapy was replaced by intravitreal methotrexate and rituximab, which regressed vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) with no relapses or major ocular complications.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to report the changing trends in treatment (external beam radiotherapy [EBRT] and intravitreal chemotherapy) of VRL and treatment outcomes at a single institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of vitreous biopsy proven patients was performed. The data analysis included demographics, systemic lymphoma status, ocular symptoms, clinical and immunocytological findings, treatment methods, and response (intravitreal methotrexate 300 μg/0.05 mL, 1000 μg/0.1 mL of rituximab and EBRT 36-45 Gy) and ocular and systemic lymphoma outcomes at last follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve eyes of 8 patients had intraocular B-cell lymphoma (median age, 61 years; range, 50-83). Central nervous system non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (CNS-NHL) was present in 7 of 8 patients. Most common ocular symptoms were diminution of vision in 4 and floaters in 3 patients. Iritis and uveitis were found in 6 eyes and vitritis in 11 eyes. Retinal infiltrates were present in 8 eyes. Immunocytology revealed elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-10 (12,783.5 pg/mL), IL-6 (26.7 pg/mL), and IgH gene rearrangement. Three patients were treated with EBRT, 6 eyes with intravitreal methotrexate (median, 9.5; range, 2-15), and 2 eyes with intravitreal rituximab injections (median, 4; range, 2-6). Two patients developed marked keratitis because of methotrexate toxicity. At median follow-up of 33.5 months (range, 4-96), VRL had resolved in 7 eyes and persistent in 5 eyes. One patient died because of advanced CNS-NHL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal chemotherapy provided good control rates for VRL patients in our limited series. Patients with associated CNS-NHL had poorer outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Associated Retina Consultants Ltd, Phoenix, AZ, USA. keen_268@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turaka
authors.forename: J Shepard
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Henry M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ziemianski
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Clive H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014821:Vitrectomy