title: Perpendicular magnetization and generic realization of the Ising model in artificial spin ice.
abstract: We have studied frustrated kagome arrays and unfrustrated honeycomb arrays of magnetostatically interacting single-domain ferromagnetic islands with magnetization normal to the plane. The measured pairwise spin correlations of both lattices can be reproduced by models based solely on nearest-neighbor correlations. The kagome array has qualitatively different magnetostatics but identical lattice topology to previously studied artificial spin ice systems composed of in-plane moments. The two systems show striking similarities in the development of moment pair correlations, demonstrating a universality in artificial spin ice behavior independent of specific realization in a particular material system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartell
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lammert
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nisoli
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Vincent H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Crespi
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samarth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leighton
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schiffer