title: Outcomes of general anesthesia for noncardiac surgery in a series of patients with Fontan palliation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the experience of a single, tertiary care institution in the care of patients with Fontan physiology undergoing anesthesia for noncardiac surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Fontan procedure was developed in 1971 to palliate patients with univentricular cardiac physiology leading to long-term survival of these patients, who may now present as adults for noncardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of Fontan patients 16 years and older who underwent general anesthesia for noncardiac surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Preoperative data, perioperative course, intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and renal complications were described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine general anesthetics were administered to 31 patients for noncardiac surgery after Fontan palliation. Perioperative complications occurred in 12 of the 39 (31%) noncardiac surgeries, and there was one postoperative death that occurred on day 13 after ventral hernia repair. The two patients who had complications that did not resolve (long-term dialysis and death) had ejection fractions well below the mean for the group (22% and 28%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be more appropriate for Fontan patients to undergo anesthesia for noncardiac surgery in a tertiary institution, particularly patients with an ejection fraction of <30%. Intraoperative arterial blood pressure monitoring and overnight admission are likely appropriate for most cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. jennifer.rabbitts@seattlechildrens.org
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rabbitts
authors.forename: Cornelius B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Groenewald
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mauermann
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Barbara
authors.forename: Harold M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Burkhart
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Warnes
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Randall P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Flick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010166:Palliative Care; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult