title: Cancer-related risk factors and preventive measures in US Hispanics/Latinos.
abstract: In this article, we provide prevalence data on major cancer-related risk factors, early detection testing, and vaccination among Hispanics using nationally representative surveys. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic adults are less likely to be current smokers (13% vs 22%) or frequent alcohol drinkers, but they are more likely to be obese (32% vs 26%) and to have lower levels of mammography use within the past year (46% vs 51%), colorectal screening as per recommended intervals (47% vs 61%), and Papanicolaou (Pap) test use within the past 3 years (74% vs 79%). Within the Hispanic population, the prevalence of these risk factors and early detection methods substantially vary by country of origin. For example, Cuban men (20.7%) and Puerto Rican men (19%) had the highest levels of current smoking than any other Hispanic subgroups, while Mexican women had the lowest levels of mammogram use (44%) and Pap test use (71%). Hispanic migrants have a higher prevalence of hepatitis B virus and Helicobacter pylori, which cause liver and stomach cancer, respectively. Among Hispanic adolescents, tobacco use (eg, 20.8% use of any tobacco products), alcohol use (42.9%), and obesity (23.2%) remain highly prevalent risk factors. Although 56% of Hispanic adolescents initiate human papillomavirus vaccination, only 56% of them completed the 3-dose series. Differences in risk factors and early detection testing among Hispanic groups should be considered in clinical settings and for cancer control planning.
authors.affiliation: American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA. vilma.cokkinides@cancer.org
authors.forename: Vilma E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Cokkinides
authors.forename: Priti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bandi
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Ahmedin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jemal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009043:Motor Activity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines