title: FDA actions against health economic promotions, 2002-2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory actions against drug companies' health economic promotions from 2002 through 2011 to understand how frequently and in what circumstances the agency has considered such promotions false or misleading.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed all warning letters and notices of violation ("untitled letters") issued by the FDA's Division of Drug Marketing, Advertising and Communications (DDMAC) to pharmaceutical companies from January 2002 through December 2011. We analyzed letters containing a violation related to "health economic promotion," defined according to one of several categories (e.g., implied claims of cost savings due to work productivity or economic claims containing unsupported statements about effectiveness or safety). We also collected information on factors such as the indication and type of media involved and whether the letter referenced Section 114 of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 291 DDMAC letters sent to pharmaceutical companies during the study period, 35 (12%) cited a health economic violation. The most common type of violation cited was an implied claim of cost savings due to work productivity or functioning (found in 20 letters) and economic claims containing unsubstantiated comparative claims of effectiveness, safety, or interchangeability (7 letters). The violations covered various indications, mostly commonly psychiatric disorders (6 letters) and pain (6 letters). No DDMAC letter pertained to Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act Section 114.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FDA has cited inappropriate health economic promotions in roughly 12% of the letters issued by the DDMAC. The letters highlight drug companies' interest in promoting the value of their products and the FDA's concerns in certain cases about the lack of supporting evidence.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. pneumann@tuftsmedicalcenter.org
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bliss
mesh_terms: D008192:Deception; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D033161:Government Regulation; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D040541:Marketing / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration