title: Crotonaldehyde induces apoptosis and immunosuppression in alveolar macrophages.
abstract: Crotonaldehyde, a highly toxic α, β-unsaturated aldehyde, is a major component of cigarette smoke (CS) and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Exposure to crotonaldehyde-rich pollutants such as CS is associated with suppression of respiratory host defense against infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apoptotic and immunological effects of crotonaldehyde exposure in a rat alveolar macrophage (AM) cell line, NR8383. Our studies showed that crotonaldehyde induced AM cell death mainly via the apoptotic process. Crotonaldehyde also decreased the phagocytic activity of AMs. Crotonaldehyde caused inhibition of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 production in AMs treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is probably related to inhibition of NF-κB activation. These results indicate that crotonaldehyde can cause adverse effects in AMs via multiple mechanisms, and may contribute to compromised lung immunological response in smokers.
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
authors.forename: Bi-cheng
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhi-hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiu-jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Xing-yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mao-xiang
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jian-ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C012796:2-butenal; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7