title: Living dangerously on borrowed time during slow, unrecognized regime shifts.
abstract: Regime shifts from one ecological state to another are often portrayed as sudden, dramatic, and difficult to reverse. Yet many regime shifts unfold slowly and imperceptibly after a tipping point has been exceeded, especially at regional and global scales. These long, smooth transitions between equilibrium states are easy to miss, ignore, or deny, confounding management and governance. However, slow responses by ecosystems after transgressing a dangerous threshold also affords borrowed time - a window of opportunity to return to safer conditions before the new state eventually locks in and equilibrates. In this context, the most important challenge is a social one: convincing enough people to confront business-as-usual before time runs out to reverse unwanted regime shifts even after they have already begun.
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. terry.hughes@jcu.edu.au
authors.forename: Terry P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Linares
authors.forename: Vasilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dakos
authors.forename: Ingrid A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: van de Leemput
authors.forename: Egbert H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: van Nes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057231:Climate Change; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D057894:Coral Reefs; D017753:Ecosystem; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011157:Population Dynamics; D013997:Time Factors