title: Caring for the adult with congenital heart disease in an adult catheterization laboratory by pediatric interventionalists--safety and efficacy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes of cardiac catheterizations performed by pediatric interventional cardiologists in an adult catheterization laboratory on adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  With improved survival rates, the number of adults with CHD increases by ∼5%/year; this population often requires cardiac catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2005 to December 2009, two groups of patients were identified, an adult group (>21 years) and an adolescent group (13-21 years), who had catheterizations performed by pediatric interventional staff.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-seven catheterizations were performed in 53 adults, while 59 were performed in 47 adolescents. The male to female ratio differed significantly between groups; only 15/53 (28%) of adults were male vs. 26/47 (55%) of adolescents (P =.006). Among adults, 27 had previously corrected CHD, 16 with atrial septal defect (ASD), and six with patent foramen ovale (PFO). This differed significantly from the adolescents, where only 30 had previously corrected CHD, seven with ASD, and one with PFO (P =.012). Among adults who were catheterized, interventions were performed on 28/53 (53%). All interventions were successful and included ASD/PFO closure, patent ductus arteriosus occlusion, coarctation dilation, pulmonary artery dilations, and one saphenous vein graft aneurysm closure. Nineteen adults had coronary angiography performed by adult interventionalists in consult with pediatric interventionalists. Two complications occurred among adults (3.8%) vs. one complication (2%; P = 1) among adolescents. No femoral vessel complications or catheterization-associated mortality occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac catheterizations can be performed effectively and safely in adults with CHD by pediatric interventional cardiologists in an adult catheterization laboratory.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. nsutton@montefiore.org
authors.forename: Nicole J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Menegus
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Pass
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017741:Survivors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult