title: Value of rotational angiography (3D-ATG) with contrast agent administration into the right atrium during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency (RF) ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) strongly depend on the possibility of three-dimensional (3D) visualisation of atria as well as the ostia of pulmonary veins. Current angiographic systems allow 3D visualisation of anatomical heart structures using rotational angiography.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical usefulness of rotational angiography (3D-ATG) after contrast agent administration into the right atrium for the purpose of evaluating left atrial anatomy in patients undergoing RF ablation of AF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We also compared images obtained using 3D-ATG with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 18 consecutive patients undergoing RF ablation of AF or left-atrial tachycardia, 3D-ATG was performed uneventfully, followed by 3D reconstruction of the left atrium and the aorta. Ablation using the CARTO 3 system was successful in 17 patients. Total ablation time was 127 ± 28 min, fluoroscopy time 31 ± 8 min, and radiation dose was 413 ± 170 mGy. Mean fluoroscopy time for 3D-ATG was 1.75 ± 0.4 min and the mean radiation dose was 159 ± 57 mGy. Appropriate 3D visualisation of the left atrium was possible in 17 patients, including 16 patients in whom all 4 pulmonary venous ostia were imaged. In 1 patient, all right-sided pulmonary veins were located outside the scan area. In 1 case, 3D-ATG did not allow visualisation of the right inferior pulmonary vein, and in another case the left-sided veins had a common ostium as shown in MRI but not visualised in 3D-ATG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulmonary vein diameter assessed by 3D-ATG was slightly higher than by MRI (16.6 ± 3.2 vs. 15.2 ± 3.6 mm, p = 0.28), although this was mainly related to a single nonvisualised right inferior pulmonary vein. Good agreement (< 2 mm) between the two methods for the assessment of pulmonary venous ostia was higher for the right-sided than the left-sided veins (62.5% vs. 44%, p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that 3D-ATG after contrast agent administration into the right atrium seems to be a safe and effective method to visualise pulmonary venous ostia and left atrial anatomy. It remains to be established whether it enables evaluation of anatomical anomalies.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Cardiology, HCP Medical Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. abaszko@wp.pl
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baszko
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanocha
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kałmucki
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michalski
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jerzykowska
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Elikowski
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kociemba
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pyda
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Siminiak
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szyszka
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media