title: Fetal pulmonary arterial vascular impedance reflects changes in fetal oxygenation at near-term gestation in a nonhuman primate model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that fetal pulmonary arterial circulation reacts to changes in fetal oxygenation status at near-term gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 rhesus macaques underwent fetal Doppler ultrasonography at near-term gestation. Right pulmonary artery (RPA), umbilical artery (UA), ductus arteriosus (DA), and ductus venosus (DV) blood velocity waveforms were obtained, and pulsatility index (PI) values were calculated. Fetal right and left ventricular cardiac outputs were determined. Ultrasonographic data were collected during 3 maternal oxygenation states: room air (baseline), hyperoxemia, and hypoxemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetal RPA PI values increased (P < .05) during maternal hypoxemia and decreased (P < .05) during maternal hyperoxemia, compared with baseline. Maternal hyperoxemia increased (P < .05) DA PI values from baseline. Fetal cardiac outputs, UA, and DV PI values were not affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that at near-term gestation, fetal pulmonary arterial circulation is a dynamic vascular bed that reflects acute and short-term changes in fetal oxygenation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. arraut@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Amaryllis Maria Elpida
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Arraut
authors.forename: Antonio E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Frias
authors.forename: Theodore R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.forename: Eliot R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Spindel
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rasanen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011247:Pregnancy; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*