title: [Characteristics of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: results from an international twin study].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zygosity differences in smoking exposure are unclear in twins.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess smoking and secondhand smoke exposure characteristics in twins.
  
  
  METHODS
  151 monozygotic and 62 dizygotic Hungarian and American adult twin pairs (age 43.8±16.5 years, mean±SD) participated in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Monozygotic twins started smoking 1.8 years earlier compared to dizygotic twins (p = 0.08). Dizygotic twins smoked longer (p<0.01) and suffered more parental smoke exposure during childhood (p<0.05). Monozygotic twins reported stricter smoking restrictions at home and workplaces (p<0.005) and less smoke exposure in indoor public places (p<0.01). 85.7% of monozygotic twins were ex or active smokers, while only 69.5% of the dizygotics (p<0.01). Lesser difference was observed in the self-reported smoke exposure rate in monozygotic compared to dizygotic pairs concerning restaurants and cafés (p<0.05) which was not present regarding bars, pubs and transportation facilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different psychological family orientation may be present across zygosity. Preventive parental care is warranted in twin families exposed to smoking.
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Radiológiai és Onkoterápiás Klinika, Budapest, Üllői út 78/A 1082. tarnoki4@gmail.com
authors.forename: Dávid László
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Tárnoki
authors.forename: Ádám Domonkos
authors.initials: ÁD
authors.lastname: Tárnoki
authors.forename: Zsófia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lázár
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karlinger
authors.forename: Andrea Ágnes
authors.initials: AÁ
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Garami
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bérczi
authors.forename: Ildikó
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Horváth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution