title: Clinical outcomes of chemotherapy for diabetic and nondiabetic patients with pancreatic cancer: better prognosis with statin use in diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic medications such as metformin and statins on survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 250 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy. Multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for survival were performed both in overall population and in subgroups with and without DM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 124 patients (50%) who had less distant metastasis and more hypertension. Thirty patients received statin for hyperlipidemia. Overall survival was 13.3 versus 10.0 months with and without DM (P = 0.084), but hazard ratio of DM was 1.05 (P = 0.758) in the multivariate analysis. Subgroup analysis of diabetic patients, but not in non-diabetic patients, demonstrated use of statins (hazard ratio, 0.40; P = 0.010) as a prognostic factor, as well as distant metastasis, performance status, combination therapy with gemcitabine and S-1, and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. No antidiabetic medications were prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither DM nor antidiabetic treatment had prognostic impact on advanced pancreatic cancer. Statin use was associated with better survival in the diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yousuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isayama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasahira
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kogure
authors.forename: Kazumichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakubo
authors.forename: Natsuyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ijichi
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D003841:Deoxycytidine; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D000093542:Gemcitabine