title: Word learning in adults with second-language experience: effects of phonological and referent familiarity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this research was to examine whether phonological familiarity exerts different effects on novel word learning for familiar versus unfamiliar referents and whether successful word learning is associated with increased second-language experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one adult native English speakers with various levels of Spanish knowledge learned phonologically familiar novel words (constructed using English sounds) or phonologically unfamiliar novel words (constructed using non-English and non-Spanish sounds) in association with either familiar or unfamiliar referents. Retention was tested via a forced-choice recognition task. A median-split procedure identified high-ability and low-ability word learners in each condition, and the two groups were compared on measures of second-language experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings suggest that the ability to accurately match newly learned novel names to their appropriate referents is facilitated by phonological familiarity only for familiar referents but not for unfamiliar referents. Moreover, more extensive second-language learning experience characterized superior learners primarily in one word-learning condition: in which phonologically unfamiliar novel words were paired with familiar referents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these findings indicate that phonological familiarity facilitates novel word learning only for familiar referents and that experience with learning a second language may have a specific impact on novel vocabulary learning in adults.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands. kaushanskaya@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaushanskaya
authors.forename: Jeewon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Hecke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D010700:Phonetics; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D012660:Semantics; D014706:Verbal Learning; D014825:Vocabulary; D014936:Word Association Tests; D055815:Young Adult