title: Magnetic particle imaging: visualization of instruments for cardiovascular intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of different approaches of instrument visualization for cardiovascular interventions guided by using magnetic particle imaging (MPI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two balloon (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) catheters were used. The balloon was filled either with diluted superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) ferucarbotran (25 mmol of iron per liter) or with sodium chloride. Both catheters were inserted into a vessel phantom that was filled oppositional to the balloon content with sodium chloride or diluted SPIO (25 mmol of iron per liter). In addition, the administration of a 1.4-mL bolus of pure SPIO (500 mmol of iron per liter) followed by 5 mL of sodium chloride through a SPIO-labeled balloon catheter into the sodium chloride-filled vessel phantom was recorded. Images were recorded by using a preclinical MPI demonstrator. All images were acquired by using a field of view of 3.6 × 3.6 × 2.0 cm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By using MPI, both balloon catheters could be visualized with high temporal (21.54 msec per image) and sufficient spatial (≤ 3 mm) resolution without any motion artifacts. The movement through the field of view, the inflation and deflation of the balloon, and the application of the SPIO bolus were visualized at a rate of 46 three-dimensional data sets per second.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visualization of SPIO-labeled instruments for cardiovascular intervention at high temporal resolution as well as monitoring the application of a SPIO-based tracer by using labeled instruments is feasible. Further work is necessary to evaluate different labeling approaches for diagnostic catheters and guidewires and to demonstrate their navigation in the vascular system after administration of contrast material.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12120424/-/DC1.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany. haegele@radiologie.uni-luebeck.de
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haegele
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rahmer
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gleich
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borgert
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wojtczyk
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Panagiotopoulos
authors.forename: Thorsten M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Buzug
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barkhausen
authors.forename: Florian M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Vogt
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016477:Artifacts; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; C065507:ferumoxides