title: Quality evaluation and species differentiation of Rhizoma coptidis by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: Rhizoma coptidis, a broadly used traditional Chinese medicine, derives from the dried rhizomes of Coptis chinensis Franch, Coptis deltoidea C.Y. Cheng et Hsiao and Coptis teeta Wall. Quantitative determination of protoberberine alkaloids in R. coptidis is critical for controlling its quality. In this study, a rapid, simple and accurate quantitative (1)H NMR (qNMR) method was developed for simultaneous determination of berberine, jatrorrhizine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine and columbamine in R. coptidis from the three species. Method validation was performed in terms of selectivity, precision, repeatability, stability, accuracy, robustness and linearity. The average recoveries obtained were in the range of 96.9-102.4% for all the six alkaloids. In addition, the qNMR data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and the results showed that the contents of the active alkaloids have significant difference among the three species. Compared with the conventional HPLC approach, the proposed qNMR method was demonstrated to be a powerful tool for quantifying the six alkaloids due to its unique advantages of high robustness, rapid analysis time and no need of standard compounds for calibration curves preparation. These findings indicate that this method has potential as a reliable method for quality evaluation of herb medicines, especially for protoberberine alkaloid-containing ones.
authors.affiliation: College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Meng Ying
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiang Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xian Rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Qing Hong
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Wei Zao
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001599:Berberine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D001600:Berberine Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D039323:Coptis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D001600:Berberine Alkaloids; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts; C055785:jatrorrhizine; C034384:coptisine; D001599:Berberine; C061432:epiberberine; C055786:columbamine; C005413:palmatine