title: Stormwater run-off from an industrial log yard: characterization, contaminant correlation and first-flush phenomenon.
abstract: The stormwater run-off generated in an industrial log yard during eight run-off events was studied with the main focus on the transport of toxic metals. Associations between water quality constituents and potential surrogates were evaluated by correlation analysis. The first-flush phenomenon was verified by normalized M(V) curves. The results have shown that, whereas some metals such as Zn, Ba, Cd, As and Fe were always detected in these waters, others (Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, V, Co) were not. Large variations in the water constituents' concentrations were observed, with Fe, Pb and V being the most variable ones. Concentrations of Zn and Cu in the run-off waters exceeded the values established by the Swedish environmental authorities in 100% and 97% of samples, respectively. The correlation analyses indicated TSS as a potential surrogate of Pb, V, Co, Ni, As, Ba, Cr and COD (0.949 > R > 0.808), making it reasonable to state that a treatment system with focus on TSS removal would also reduce toxic metals from these waters. The first-flush phenomenon was evident for most of the constituents. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the first-flush magnitude of different run-off events were observed confirming that hydro-meteorological variables such as dry period, precipitation duration and average intensity play important roles. Metal loads originating from the log yard were mainly composed ofZn, Cu and Ba. Knowledge of the physicochemical characteristics, discharge dynamics and the storm variables involved in the process is a crucial step for the proposal and implementation of a stormwater management programme.
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Landgdngen, 3, Kalmar SE-391 82, Sweden. fabio.kaczala@lnu.se
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaczala
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vinrot
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hogland
mesh_terms: D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D011891:Rain; D013548:Sweden; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical