title: Ion concentration adjacent to glass-ionomer restorations in primary molars.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to compare the levels of fluoride, calcium and phosphorus in enamel and dentin alongside glass-ionomer-based restorations over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  This CCT consisted of children with cavities in the occlusal surface of primary molars that were restored with either a high-viscosity (Fuji IX GP(®)) or a resin-modified glass-ionomer (Vitremer(®)), being the test groups. Sound teeth (controls) were harvested from the children belonging to the test groups. Sampled teeth were cut in half and the ion concentration measured using EPMA. ANOVAs, and Newman-Keuls tests were performed to analyze the data. The study sample consisted of 35 children having 29 teeth per group available for analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although statistically significantly higher, the mean ion-concentration of calcium in enamel and dentin, and that of phosphorous in dentin hardly differed between the tests and control groups. The mean fluoride concentration in enamel (0.20ppm×10(3) and 0.24ppm×10(3)) and dentin (0.71ppm×10(3) and 0.78ppm×10(3)) surrounding the Fuji IX GP(®) and Vitremer(®) restored teeth, respectively was statistically significantly higher than in enamel (0.12ppm×10(3)) and dentin (0.12ppm×10(3)) for the control teeth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present in vivo investigation showed that fluoride ions are released from high-viscosity and resin-modified glass-ionomer primary restoration into the restorations' surrounding enamel and, and in particular, dentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.forename: Rita C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: Jo E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Frencken
authors.forename: Soraya C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Leal
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001031:Apatites / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003188:Composite Resins; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions / Q000032:analysis; D008963:Molar / Q000737:chemistry; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; C439808:Fuji IX GP Fast; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D007477:Ions; C084550:Vitremer; D010758:Phosphorus; C025105:fluorapatite; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium