title: A comparative study of the anticlastogenic effects of chlorophyllin on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or 7,12-dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA) induced micronuclei in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water soluble derivative of chlorophyll has been shown to have both anticarcinogenic and antigenotoxic properties. We evaluated the protective effects of CHL (25μM in vitro, 4 and 100mg/kg. b.w.) on the clastogenic action of two model carcinogens, MNNG and DMBA (25μM and 2μM respectively) in vitro on human hepatoma cells (HepG2) and (40mg and 25mg/Kg/b.w. respectively) in vivo on bone marrow of mice, using the frequencies of induced micronuclei as the end point. Pre-, post- and simultaneous treatments with CHL and the carcinogen were carried out in vitro. With MNNG, only simultaneous treatment with CHL was effective in reducing the frequencies of MN, suggesting a direct interaction between CHL and MNNG. A statistically significant reduction in of DMBA induced MN was found by pre-or post treatment with CHL while a reduction (not significant) was observed by simultaneous treatment. In in vivo experiments, CHL pre-treatment did not affect the frequencies of MN in PCEs of bone marrow induced by MNNG or DMBA. However, increased the toxic effect of DMBA (reduction in percent of PCEs) was accompanied by a reduction in the induced frequencies of MN. CHL was not clastogenic in both in vitro and in vivo tests. It can be concluded that (a) CHL has a protective effect against MNNG and DMBA. This effect is dependent upon the protocol employed in in vitro experiments. In vivo, CHL did not have a protective effect against MNNG and DMBA. A protective effect of CHL against DMBA was evident only at high toxic levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, snc, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berni
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pepe
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mosesso
authors.forename: Anaadi Amar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shivnani
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papeschi
authors.forename: Adayapalam T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palitti
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002735:Chlorophyllides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D005562:Formazans / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008297:Male; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D005562:Formazans; D009153:Mutagens; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; C079782:MTT formazan; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; C007020:chlorophyllin