title: Confinement-driven phase separation of quantum liquid mixtures.
abstract: We report small-angle neutron scattering studies of liquid helium mixtures confined in Mobil Crystalline Material-41 (MCM-41), a porous silica glass with narrow cylindrical nanopores (d=3.4 nm). MCM-41 is an ideal model adsorbent for fundamental studies of gas sorption in porous media because its monodisperse pores are arranged in a 2D triangular lattice. The small-angle scattering consists of a series of diffraction peaks whose intensities are determined by how the imbibed liquid fills the pores. Pure (4)He adsorbed in the pores show classic, layer-by-layer film growth as a function of pore filling, leaving the long range symmetry of the system intact. In contrast, the adsorption of (3)He-(4)He mixtures produces a structure incommensurate with the pore lattice. Neither capillary condensation nor preferential adsorption of one helium isotope to the pore walls can provide the symmetry-breaking mechanism. The scattering is consistent with the formation of randomly distributed liquid-liquid microdomains ∼2.3 nm in size, providing evidence that confinement in a nanometer scale capillary can drive local phase separation in quantum liquid mixtures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405, USA.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Prisk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pantalei
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Sokol