title: Spinal cord tolerance to single-session uniform irradiation in pigs: implications for a dose-volume effect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to test the hypothesis that spinal cord radiosensitivity is significantly modified by uniform versus laterally non-uniform dose distributions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A uniform dose distribution was delivered to a 4.5-7.0 cm length of cervical spinal cord in 22 mature Yucatan minipigs for comparison with a companion study in which a laterally non-uniform dose was given [1]. Pigs were allocated into four dose groups with mean maximum spinal cord doses of 17.5 ± 0.1 Gy (n=7), 19.5 ± 0.2 Gy (n=6), 22.0 ± 0.1 Gy (n=5), and 24.1 ± 0.2 Gy (n=4). The study endpoint was motor neurologic deficit determined by a change in gait within one year. Spinal cord sections were stained with a Luxol fast blue/periodic acid Schiff combination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dose-response curves for uniform versus non-uniform spinal cord irradiation were nearly identical with ED(50)'s (95% confidence interval) of 20.2 Gy (19.1-25.8) and 20.0 Gy (18.3-21.7), respectively. No neurologic change was observed for either dose distribution when the maximum spinal cord dose was ≤ 17.8 Gy while all animals experienced deficits at doses ≥ 21.8 Gy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No dose-volume effect was observed in pigs for the dose distributions studied and the endpoint of motor neurologic deficit; however, partial spinal cord irradiation resulted in less debilitating neurologic morbidity and histopathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8542, USA. Paul.medin@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Medin
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Kogel
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sayre
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Solberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature