title: [Application of facial tissue expander fibrous envelope for tension reduction].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the application of the fibrous envelope of tissue expanders for the tension reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 2005 and May 2011, 21 patients with facial scar were treated with skin soft tissue expansion. There were 6 males and 15 females, aged 19-33 years (mean, 24.5 years), including 19 cases of hypertrophic scar and 2 cases of atrophic scar with disease duration of 1-31 years. The scars ranged from 4 cm x 2 cm to 25 cm x 10 cm. The tissue expander was implanted under normal skin adjacent to lesions in the first stage. And the post-expanded skin flap was designed as advance flap or transpositional flap as supplement in the second stage. Fibrous envelope at the base was fixed to the periosteum or fascia nearby first, and then sutures were used between envelopes at the base and on the skin flap or to the dermis of the skin flap to keep the mouth and lower eyelid in proper position. It reduced the tension of incision and maintained the contour of the face and neck.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the first stage operation, 2 cases had replaced expanders because of infection and leakage. No complication of infection or hematoma occurred after the second stage operation. The patients were followed up 1-18 months (mean, 10.2 months); of them, 12 were followed up more than 1 year. No secondary deformity (deviation of mouth angle, eyebrows pulling, or eyelid ectropion) occurred. The flaps had good appearance and color. The satisfactory results were achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In skin soft tissue expansion of the face, the fibrous envelopes at the base could reduce the tension of the incision and prevent the deformity of the mouth and lower eyelids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Cosmetology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000601:surgery*; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D013536:Suture Techniques; D015626:Tissue Expansion / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult