title: Simultaneous thalamic and posterior subthalamic electrode insertion with single deep brain stimulation electrode for essential tremor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The optimal target location of deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the subject of some controversy. We implanted electrodes that could stimulate both posterior subthalamic area (PSA) and ventralis intermedius nucleus of thalamus (Vim), and examined the benefits of bilateral DBS of Vim, PSA, and Vim + PSA in patients with essential tremor (ET).
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrodes were inserted into the Vim and PSA in ten hemispheres of five consecutive patients. All patients were assessed for action tremor, including postural and kinetic tremors, both preoperatively and at six months and one year postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The preoperative mean postural tremor score was 1.9 (range 1.0-2.5) and kinetic tremor score was 2.6 (range 2.0-3.0). One year after surgery, these scores had decreased significantly to 0.1 (range 0.0-1.0) and 0.6 (range 0.0-1.5), respectively. The postural and kinetic tremor scores at six-months and one-year post-surgery were similar for Vim, PSA, and Vim + PSA stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were able to identify the optimal electrode placement site for each patient based on his or her individualized response to the stimulation. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference among the DBS sites in terms of the benefits afforded by the stimulation. We propose that our technique may be a useful surgical method to treat ET.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jong Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Joo Pyung
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome