title: Chronological changes in inflammatory cytokines immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus after systemic administration of high dosage of tetanus toxin.
abstract: Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus proper (HP) and dentate gyrus (DG) after systemic treatment of 10 or 100 ng/kg TeT into mice. In this study, we could not find any neuronal damage or loss in any subregions of the hippocampus after TeT treatment. In the control groups, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum pyramidal (SP) of the HP and in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the DG. At 6 h post-treatment, IL-2 immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the SP and GCL; however, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum oriens of the HP in both the groups. Thereafter, intermediate IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the SP and GCL. On the other hand, intermediate IL-4 immunoreactivity was detected in the SP and GCL of the control groups. At 6 h post-treatment, IL-4 immunoreactivity in the SP and GCL was apparently increased. Thereafter, IL-4 immunoreactivity was lower than that at 6 h post-treatment. In brief, IL-2 and 4 immunoreactivities were easily detected in SP and GCL in the controls and dramatically decreased and increased at 6 h post-treatment, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bing Chun
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Joon Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: In Hye
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bich Na
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Ji Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Ki-Yeon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Deuk-Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Myong Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Il-Jun
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Moo-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Won
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013744:Tetanus Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007376:Interleukin-2; D009498:Neurotoxins; D013744:Tetanus Toxin; C435731:fluoro jade; D015847:Interleukin-4; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase