title: Knockdown of receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase-2 (RIPK2) affects EMT-associated gene expression in human hepatoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase-2 (RIPK2) has been reported to be an important regulator of tumor proliferation, differentiation and wound repair. We investigated the effects of RIPK2 knockdown in human hepatoma cells on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated gene expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  HepG2 cells stably expressing RIPK2-shRNA (HepG2-shRIPK2) were generated after puromycin selection. Total RNAs from HepG2-shRIPK2 and from HepG2-shcontrol cells were isolated and PCR-based arrays were performed to compare the 84 EMT-associated gene expressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that knockdown of RIPK2 down-regulated mRNA expression of jagged 1 (JAG1); plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1); regulator of G-protein signalling 2, 24 kDa (RGS2); E-cadherin (CDH1); fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 (FGFBP1); snail homolog 2 (SNAI2); protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 1 (PTP4A1); keratin 19 (KRT19); vimentin (VIM); and survival of motor neuron protein-interacting protein 1 (SIP1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that knockdown of RIPK2 down-regulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent PAI1 and VIM gene expressions. RIPK2 might play an important role in hepatic cell migration. These findings could shed new light on carcinogenesis and on liver regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Imazeki
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053475:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C506253:RIPK2 protein, human; D053475:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2