title: Transcriptional reprogramming by root knot and migratory nematode infection in rice.
abstract: Rice is one of the most important staple crops worldwide, but its yield is compromised by different pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study we have characterized specific and general responses of rice (Oryza sativa) roots challenged with two endoparasitic nematodes with very different modes of action. Local transcriptional changes in rice roots upon root knot (Meloidogyne graminicola) and root rot nematode (RRN, Hirschmanniella oryzae) infection were studied at two time points (3 and 7 d after infection, dai), using mRNA-seq. Our results confirm that root knot nematodes (RKNs), which feed as sedentary endoparasites, stimulate metabolic pathways in the root, and enhance nutrient transport towards the induced root gall. The migratory RRNs, on the other hand, induce programmed cell death and oxidative stress, and obstruct the normal metabolic activity of the root. While RRN infection causes up-regulation of biotic stress-related genes early in the infection, the sedentary RKNs suppress the local defense pathways (e.g. salicylic acid and ethylene pathways). Interestingly, hormone pathways mainly involved in plant development were strongly induced (gibberellin) or repressed (cytokinin) at 3 dai. These results uncover previously unrecognized nematode-induced expression profiles related to their specific infection strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kyndt
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denil
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haegeman
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trooskens
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lander
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bauters
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.|NXTGNT, Ghent University, Medical Research Building, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van Criekinge
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Godelieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gheysen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D010941:Plant Tumors / Q000469:parasitology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D059467:Transcriptome; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant