title: Can a less radical surgery using photodynamic therapy with acridine orange be equal to a wide-margin resection?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wide-margin resections are an accepted method for treating soft tissue sarcoma. However, a wide-margin resection sometimes impairs function because of the lack of normal tissue. To preserve the normal tissue surrounding a tumor, we developed a less radical (ie, without a wide margin) surgical procedure using adjunctive photodynamic therapy and acridine orange for treating soft tissue sarcoma. However, whether this less radical surgical approach increases or decreases survival or whether it increases the risk of local recurrence remains uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We determined the survival, local recurrence, and limb function outcomes in patients treated with a less radical approach and adjunctive acridine orange therapy compared with those who underwent a conventional wide-margin resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 170 patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma between 1999 and 2009. Fifty-one of these patients underwent acridine orange therapy. The remaining 119 patients underwent a conventional wide-margin resection for limb salvage surgery. We recorded the survival, local recurrence, and functional score (International Society of Limb Salvage [ISOLS]) score) for all the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 10-year overall survival rates in the acridine orange therapy group and the conventional surgery group were 68% and 63%, respectively. The 10-year local recurrence rate was 29% for each group. The 5-year local recurrence rates for Stages II, III, and IV were 8%, 36%, and 40%, respectively, for the acridine orange group and 13%, 27%, and 33%, respectively, for the conventional surgery group. The average ISOLS score was 93% for the acridine orange group and 83% for the conventional therapy group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acridine orange therapy has the potential to preserve limb function without increasing the rate of local recurrence. This therapy may be useful for eliminating tumor cells with minimal damage to the normal tissue in patients with soft tissue sarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of the levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan. takao-m@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusuzaki
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumine
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudo
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D023821:Limb Salvage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000165:Acridine Orange