title: Dienes' staining and light microscopy for phytoplasma visualization.
abstract: The chapter describes the main light microscopy techniques used for the diagnosis of phytoplasmas. Because the described techniques are generally only effective in cases where the concentration of the pathogen inside the host phloem tissue is high, they are useful as preliminary methods to assess the presence of phytoplasmas and analyze the distribution in symptomatic plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy. rita.musetti@uniud.it
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Musetti
mesh_terms: D030008:Catharanthus / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D008853:Microscopy; D045582:Phytoplasma / Q000166:cytology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*