title: Effects of corticosteroid, montelukast and iNOS inhibition on distal lung with chronic inflammation.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of anti-iNOS (1400W - W) associated with leukotriene antagonist (montelukast - M) or corticosteroid (dexamethasone - D) on distal lung of guinea pigs (GP) with chronic pulmonary inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  GP were inhaled with ovalbumin (OVA-2×/week/4 weeks), treated with M (OVAM), D (OVAD) and/or W (OVAW, OVADW, OVAMW) and distal lungs were evaluated by morphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isolated treatments were not sufficient to reduce all parameters. In OVADW, all parameters were reduced with greater reduction in elastic fibers, TIMP-1, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma and PGF2-alpha compared with OVAD (p<0.05). OVAMW potentiated the reduction of actin, elastic fibers, TIMP-1, IL-4, IL-5, TGF-beta, IFN-gamma, iNOS, and PGF2-alpha to a greater extent than OVAM (p<0.05). A reduction of TIMP-1, IL-4, IL-5, TGF-beta, IFN-gamma and iNOS was observed in OVADW compared with OVAMW (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although anti-iNOS paired with montelukast or dexamethasone yields better results than isolated treatments, the most effective pairing for controlling inflammation, oxidative stress and remodeling in this asthma model was found to be corticosteroids and anti-iNOS.
authors.affiliation: Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Castro Ribas
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Nathália Brandão
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Gobbato
authors.forename: Rafaela Guerra
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Maciel
authors.forename: Carla Máximo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.forename: Mílton Arruda
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Edna A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Leick
authors.forename: Iolanda F L Calvo
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Tibério
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000578:Amidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000633:toxicity; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013440:Sulfides
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000578:Amidines; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001596:Benzylamines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C104820:N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine; D011804:Quinolines; D013440:Sulfides; D003907:Dexamethasone; D010047:Ovalbumin; C093875:montelukast