title: Identification of biomarkers in sequential biopsies of patients with chronic wounds receiving simultaneous acute wounds: a genetic, histological, and noninvasive imaging study.
abstract: Chronic wounds are common and lead to significant patient morbidity. A better understanding of their pathogenesis and relevant biomarkers are required. We compared acute and chronic wounds in the same individual using noninvasive imaging including spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis (SIAscopy) and full-field laser perfusion imaging. Gene expression analysis was also performed on sequential biopsies. Whole genome gene expression microarray analysis (44k), quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry were carried out to determine gene expression levels in tissue biopsies. Fifteen Caucasian patients with chronic venous ulcers had biopsies of the wound edges and simultaneously had an acute wound created on their upper arm on days 0, 7, and 14. SIAscopy revealed increased levels of melanin (p < 0.001), reduced levels of collagen (p < 0.001), and hemoglobin (p = 0.022) in chronic wounds. Microarray and subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed an overall differential expression in acute and chronic wounds for several genes. Significantly higher levels of inhibin, beta A (INHBA) expression were confirmed in the dermis of chronic wounds (p < 0.05). Additionally, INHBA and thrombospondin 1 messenger RNA levels significantly correlated with SIAscopy measurements (p < 0.05). This unique study has showed aberrant expression of INHBA in chronic wounds using a sequential biopsy model of chronic vs. acute wounds in the same individual.
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Muhammad J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: Iskander H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: Kian T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Kavan S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Johal
authors.forename: Arshiya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marstan
authors.forename: Melody
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baguneid
authors.forename: Ardeshir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayat
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D028322:Inhibin-beta Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D044465:White People; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008543:Melanins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; C103008:inhibin beta A subunit; D003094:Collagen; D028322:Inhibin-beta Subunits