title: Baseline brain activity changes in patients with clinically isolated syndrome revealed by resting-state functional MRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous task-related functional MRI studies demonstrate functional reorganization in patients with CIS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess baseline brain activity changes in patients with CIS by using the technique of regional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) as an index in resting-state fMRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resting-state fMRIs data acquired from 37 patients with CIS and 37 age- and sex-matched normal controls were compared to investigate ALFF differences. The relationships between ALFF in regions with significant group differences and the EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale), disease duration, and T2 lesion volume (T2LV) were further explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CIS had significantly decreased ALFF in the right anterior cingulate cortex, right caudate, right lingual gyrus, and right cuneus (P < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons using Monte Carlo simulation) compared to normal controls, while no significantly increased ALFF were observed in CIS. No significant correlation was found between the EDSS, disease duration, T2LV, and ALFF in regions with significant group differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with CIS, resting-state fMRI demonstrates decreased activity in several brain regions. These results are in contrast to patients with established MS, in whom ALFF demonstrates several regions of increased activity. It is possible that this shift from decreased activity in CIS to increased activity in MS could reflect the dynamics of cortical reorganization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing,  PR China.
authors.forename: Yaou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Peipeng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xiuqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Chunshui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Butzkueven
authors.forename: Huiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Kuncheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011446:Prospective Studies