title: Development of the Italian version of the 42-item Chronic Pain Coping Inventory, CPCI-I: cross-cultural adaptation, factor analysis, reliability and validity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Italian version of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory (CPCI) and validate the translation in subjects with chronic non-specific pain of the locomotor system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was developed following international recommendations. The psychometric analyses included factor analysis, reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation, ICC), and construct validity by calculating the correlations between the subscales of the CPCI with measures of pain (numerical rating scale, NRS), disability (SIP-Roland Scale) and depression (CES-D) (Pearson's correlation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CPCI was satisfactorily administered to 270 subjects with chronic non-specific pain. Results of confirmatory factor analyses revealed that, of the CPCI-I 8 subscales, 6 demonstrated good data-model fit (CFI and NFI ≥ 0.90, RMSEA ≤ 0.08). Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory in all of the subscales (0.71-0.80); the ICCs were good/excellent in all of the subscales (0.80-0.91). The correlations with the NRS, SIP-Roland and CES-D were poor in most cases as only the CPCI-Guarding subscale moderately correlated with disability (r = 0.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CPCI was successfully translated into Italian and proved to have a good factorial structure and psychometric properties similar to the original and adapted versions. The use of the Italian version of the CPCI is recommended for clinical and research purposes.
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Care and Research (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Lissone, Via Monsignor Bernasconi 16, 20035, Lissone, Milan, Italy. marco.monticone@fsm.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monticone
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galandra
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.forename: Calogero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foti
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014175:Translating