title: The use of artificial neural networks for optimizing polydispersity index (PDI) in nanoprecipitation process of acetaminophen in microfluidic devices.
abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used in this study to determine factors that control the polydispersity index (PDI) in an acetaminophen nanosuspension which was prepared using nanoprecipitation in microfluidic devices. The PDI of prepared formulations was measured by dynamic light scattering. Afterwards, the ANNs were applied to model the data. Four independent variables, namely, surfactant concentration, solvent temperature, and flow rate of solvent and antisolvent were considered as input variables, and the PDI of acetaminophen nanosuspension was taken as the output variable. The response surfaces, generated as 3D graphs after modeling, were used to survey the interactions happening between the input variables and the output variable. Comparison of the response surfaces indicated that the antisolvent flow rate and the solvent temperature have reverse effect on the PDI, whereas solvent flow rate has direct relation with PDI. Also, the effect of the concentration of the surfactant on the PDI was found to be indirect and less influential. Overall, it was found that minimum PDI may be obtained at high values of antisolvent flow rate and solvent temperature, while the solvent flow rate should be kept to a minimum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aghajani
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shahverdi
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amani
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000737:chemistry*; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D010316:Particle Size; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013535:Suspensions / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D013535:Suspensions; D000082:Acetaminophen