title: Research in clinical sciences.
abstract: The scope and spectrum of medical research, including that in clinical sciences has tremendously expanded. It now extends from simple clinical observations to gathering of epidemiological data to the study of molecular mechanisms of diseases to evaluation of effects of therapeutic interventions. It is more meaningful to engage in multi-disciplinary and collaborative arrangements for the better achievements in health research. Translational approach involves the direct application of results of laboratory experiments to clinical use for benefit of patients. Besides clinical and experimental research, it is equally important to strengthen operational research for efficient implementation of health programmes and policies in the hospitals as well as in the community. There are several difficulties and constraints related to ethical principles, patient's safety, confidentiality and costs. It is critically important to adhere to ethical principles and guidelines to maintain the moral and social perspectives. It is equally important to follow the scientific research methodology for the maximum gains from research experiments and projects. Interpretation of results of clinical experiments are hardly ever unequivocal, hence, there is a need for repetitive studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses to reach definitive conclusions. It is important for busy physicians to adopt a scientific temper of logic and engage themselves in searching for answers to different research questions. It is always gainful to spare some time and resources for research out of a busy clinical practice. It is also worthwhile to go through a formal training programme in research methodology to improve capacity and competence to conduct meaningful research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. dr.skjindal@gmail.com
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jindal
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D032984:Ethics, Research; D006801:Humans