title: Proinflammatory cytokines induced altered expression of cyclooxygenase-2 gene results in unreceptive endometrium in women with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression pattern of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic cytokines and their effect on various mediators of endometrial receptivity in women with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (IRSM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care hospital and reproductive health research unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six women with IRSM (<35 years) and 30 fertile women as controls matched by age and body mass index undergoing sterilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial biopsies in all women corresponding to the window of implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of endometrial expression of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic cytokines, mediators of matrix turnover and angiogenesis, markers of receptivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistical significantly higher level of proinflammatory cytokines, mediators of matrix turnover and angiogenesis, and a reduced expression of anti-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines were observed in women with IRSM. Additionally, the markers of endometrial receptivity were poorly expressed in women with IRSM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aberrant expression of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic cytokines during implantation window in women with IRSM is one of the key factors that adversely affect endometrial development, as evidenced by the inadequate expression of various endometrial receptivity markers.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Saikat Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Pallavi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasricha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Sanghamitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Baidyanath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: koel@smst.iitkgp.ernet.in.
authors.forename: Koel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaudhury
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015820:Cadherins; D016207:Cytokines; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; C069886:L-selectin counter-receptors; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C060192:MUC1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018396:Mucin-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9