title: Roles of polyuria and hyperglycemia in bladder dysfunction in diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes mellitus causes diabetic bladder dysfunction. We identified the pathogenic roles of polyuria and hyperglycemia in diabetic bladder dysfunction in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 72 female Sprague-Dawley® rats were divided into 6 groups, including age matched controls, and rats with sham urinary diversion, urinary diversion, streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus after sham urinary diversion, streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus after urinary diversion and 5% sucrose induced diuresis after sham urinary diversion. Urinary diversion was performed by ureterovaginostomy 10 days before diabetes mellitus induction. Animals were evaluated 20 weeks after diabetes mellitus or diuresis induction. We measured 24-hour drinking and voiding volumes, and cystometry. Bladders were harvested to quantify smooth muscle, urothelium and collagen. We measured nitrotyrosine and Mn superoxide dismutase in the bladder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes and diuresis caused increases in drinking and voiding volume, and bladder weight. Bladder weight decreased in the urinary diversion group and the urinary diversion plus diabetes group. The intercontractile interval, voided volume and compliance increased in the diuresis and diabetes groups, decreased in the urinary diversion group and further decreased in the urinary diversion plus diabetes group. Total cross-sectional tissue, smooth muscle and urothelium areas increased in the diuresis and diabetes groups, and decreased in the urinary diversion and urinary diversion plus diabetes groups. As a percent of total tissue area, collagen decreased in the diuresis and diabetes groups, and increased in the urinary diversion and urinary diversion plus diabetes groups. Smooth muscle and urothelium decreased in the urinary diversion and urinary diversion plus diabetes groups. Nitrotyrosine and Mn superoxide dismutase increased in rats with diabetes and urinary diversion plus diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polyuria induced bladder hypertrophy, while hyperglycemia induced substantial oxidative stress in the bladder, which may have a pathogenic role in late stage diabetic bladder dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yexiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Firouz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daneshgari
authors.forename: Guiming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011141:Polyuria / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*