title: Incomplete colonoscopy: maximizing completion rates of gastroenterologists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cecal intubation is one of the goals of a quality colonoscopy; however, many factors increasing the risk of incomplete colonoscopy have been implicated. The implications of missed pathology and the demand on health care resources for return colonoscopies pose a conundrum to many physicians. The optimal course of action after incomplete colonoscopy is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess endoscopic completion rates of previously incomplete colonoscopies, the methods used to complete them and the factors that led to the previous incomplete procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who previously underwent incomplete colonoscopy (2005 to 2010) and were referred to St Paul's Hospital (Vancouver, British Columbia) were evaluated. Colonoscopies were re-attempted by a single endoscopist. Patient charts were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 90 patients (29 males) with a mean (± SD) age of 58 ± 13.2 years were included in the analysis. Thirty patients (33%) had their initial colonoscopy performed by a gastroenterologist. Indications for initial colonoscopy included surveillance or screening (23%), abdominal pain (15%), gastrointestinal bleeding (29%), change in bowel habits or constitutional symptoms (18%), anemia (7%) and chronic diarrhea (8%). Reasons for incomplete colonoscopy included poor preparation (11%), pain or inadequate sedation (16%), tortuous colon (30%), diverticular disease (6%), obstructing mass (6%) and stricturing disease (10%). Reasons for incomplete procedures in the remaining 21% of patients were not reported by the referring physician. Eighty-seven (97%) colonoscopies were subsequently completed in a single attempt at the institution. Seventy-six (84%) colonoscopies were performed using routine manoeuvres, patient positioning and a variable-stiffness colonoscope (either standard or pediatric). A standard 160 or 180 series Olympus gastroscope (Olympus, Japan) was used in five patients (6%) to navigate through sigmoid diverticular disease; a pediatric colonoscope was used in six patients (7%) for similar reasons. Repeat colonoscopy on the remaining three patients (3%) failed: all three required surgery for strictures (two had obstructing malignant masses and one had a severe benign obstructing sigmoid diverticular stricture).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients with previous incomplete colonoscopy can undergo a successful repeat colonoscopy at a tertiary care centre with instruments that are readily available to most gastroenterologists. Other modalities for evaluation of the colon should be deferred until a second attempt is made at an expert centre.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
authors.forename: Mayur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brahmania
authors.forename: Jei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Svarta
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Ricky
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Enns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001955:British Columbia; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D005762:Gastroenterology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors; D008875:Middle Aged; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D063128:Tertiary Health Care; D017211:Treatment Failure