title: Pregnancy-onset habitual snoring, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia: prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to prospectively examine the impact of chronic vs pregnancy-onset habitual snoring on gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Third-trimester pregnant women were recruited from a large, tertiary medical center from March 2007 through December 2010 and screened for the presence and duration of habitual snoring, as a known marker for sleep-disordered breathing. Clinical diagnoses of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1719 pregnant women, 34% reported snoring, with 25% reporting pregnancy-onset snoring. After adjusting for confounders, pregnancy-onset, but not chronic, snoring was independently associated with gestational hypertension (odds ratio, 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-3.77; P < .001) and preeclampsia (odds ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.37; P = .024) but not gestational diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New-onset snoring during pregnancy is a strong risk factor for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. In view of the significant morbidity and health care costs associated with hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, simple screening of pregnant women may have clinical utility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. louiseo@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Alexandra S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bullough
authors.forename: Jocelynn T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Owusu
authors.forename: Kimberley A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Brincat
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chames
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kalbfleisch
authors.forename: Ronald D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Chervin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012913:Snoring / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult