title: Neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus resulting in foraminal septae-radiological technique and surgical implications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraventricular haemorrhage is the most common cause of hydrocephalus in a pre-term baby and may require surgical intervention depending on severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case illustrates foraminal septae as a subtle cause of progressive quadriventricular hydrocephalus in a child born pre-term with a history of grade III intraventricular haemorrhage. The septae within the fourth ventricular exits were clearly demonstrated with 3D-FIESTA (fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition) MRI acquisitions and assisted in differentiation from communicating hydrocephalus. This finding guided the decision to a successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-FIESTA sequence is recommended for investigating children with hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular haemorrhage due to its diagnostic potential and implications on surgical technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging, University Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. farhana.fadzli@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Farhana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fadzli
authors.forename: Norlisah Mohamad
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ramli
authors.forename: Kartini
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rahmat
authors.forename: Dharmendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ganesan
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D055762:Cranial Fontanelles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007223:Infant; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011859:Radiography; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000009:adverse effects*