title: Water-immersion restraint stress disrupts nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems through rapid and continuous ascorbic acid depletion in the adrenal gland of rats.
abstract: We examined whether water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS) disrupts nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems through ascorbic acid depletion in the adrenal gland of rats. Rats were exposed to WIRS for 0.5, 1.5, 3 or 6 h. WIRS increased serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone and glucose concentrations and adrenal corticosterone content at each time point. WIRS increased adrenal lipid peroxide content at 3 and 6 h, and the increase was twofold higher than the unstressed level at 6 h. WIRS decreased adrenal ascorbic acid content at each time point, and the decrease reached one-third of the unstressed level at 6 h. WIRS increased adrenal reduced glutathione content at 0.5 and 6 h but reduced that content to half of the unstressed level at 6 h. WIRS increased adrenal α-tocopherol content at 1.5 h but returned that content to the unstressed level thereafter. When rats with 6 h of WIRS was orally preadministered with l-ascorbic acid (250 mg/kg), WIRS-induced changes in adrenal lipid peroxide, ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione contents were attenuated without any change in stress response. These results indicate that WIRS disrupts nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems through rapid and continuous ascorbic acid depletion in the adrenal gland of rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan. yohta@fujita-hu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yashiro
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaida
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013997:Time Factors; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D005978:Glutathione; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D003345:Corticosterone