title: Genomic reassortment of influenza A virus in North American swine, 1998-2011.
abstract: Revealing the frequency and determinants of reassortment among RNA genome segments is fundamental to understanding basic aspects of the biology and evolution of the influenza virus. To estimate the extent of genomic reassortment in influenza viruses circulating in North American swine, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of 139 whole-genome viral sequences sampled during 1998-2011 and representing seven antigenically distinct viral lineages. The highest amounts of reassortment were detected between the H3 and the internal gene segments (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M and NS), while the lowest reassortment frequencies were observed among the H1γ, H1pdm and neuraminidase segments, particularly N1. Less reassortment was observed among specific haemagglutinin-neuraminidase combinations that were more prevalent in swine, suggesting that some genome constellations may be evolutionarily more stable.
authors.affiliation: Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Martha I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Detmer
authors.affiliation: J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wentworth
authors.affiliation: Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwartzbard
authors.affiliation: J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Halpin
authors.affiliation: J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Stockwell
authors.affiliation: J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Marie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gramer
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.|Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009656:North America; D010802:Phylogeny; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000821:virology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus