title: A-to-I editing of protein coding and noncoding RNAs.
abstract: Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates. Inosine pairs preferentially with cytidine, as opposed to uridine; therefore, ADAR editing alters the sequence and base pairing properties of both protein-coding and non-coding RNA. Editing can directly alter the sequence of protein-coding transcripts and modify splicing, or affect a variety of non-coding targets, including microRNA, small interfering RNA, viral transcripts, and repeat elements such as Alu and LINE. Such editing has a wide range of physiological effects, including modification of targets in the brain and in disease states.
authors.affiliation: The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. amallela@sas.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Arka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mallela
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishikura
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020087:Alu Elements; D020029:Base Pairing; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D020084:Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements; D035683:MicroRNAs; D017393:RNA Editing; D022821:RNA Splice Sites; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D022821:RNA Splice Sites; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase