title: African American caregiving grandmothers: results of an intervention to improve health indicators and health promotion behaviors.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of an intervention to improve the health of grandmothers raising grandchildren. A pre- and post-test design was employed with 504 African American grandmother participants. The intervention included monthly home-based visitation by registered nurses (RNs) and social workers, participation in support groups and parenting classes, referrals for legal services, and early intervention services for children with special needs. The Health Risk Appraisal was used to assess health indicators and health promotion behaviors. A comparison of pre- and post-test scores indicated significant (p < .002) changes in the desired direction for a number of health indicators and health promotion behaviors, including blood pressure, annual routine cancer screenings, frequency of weekly exercise, and improved dietary intake, as well as participants' perception of their health and life satisfaction. No improvements were observed in the proportion of participants who were obese or overweight.
authors.affiliation: Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. skelley@gsu.edu
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Whitley
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Campos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011314:Preventive Health Services; D015144:Southeastern United States; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014505:Urban Population