title: Evaluation and management of posterior shoulder instability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posterior shoulder instability is a commonly misdiagnosed disorder in many competitive athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant studies on posterior shoulder instability from 1950 to 2010 in PubMed and Cochrane databases were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 107 studies were reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who have undergone at least 6 months of physical therapy and still experience instability symptoms should be considered for surgical stabilization directed at their underlying pathology.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tannenbaum
authors.forename: Jon K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sekiya