title: Extrinsic and intrinsic regulation of DOR/TP53INP2 expression in mice: effects of dietary fat content, tissue type and sex in adipose and muscle tissues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DOR/TP53INP2 acts both at the chromosomal level as a nuclear co-factor e.g. for the thyroid hormone receptor and at the extrachromosomal level as an organizing factor of the autophagosome. In a previous study, DOR was shown to be down-regulated in skeletal muscle of obese diabetic Zucker fa/fa rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  To identify sites of differential DOR expression in metabolically active tissues, we measured differences in DOR expression in white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), skeletal muscle (SM) and heart muscle (HM) by qPCR. To assess whether DOR expression is influenced in the short term by nutritional factors, NMRI mice were fed different fat rich diets (fat diet, FD: 18% or high fat diet, HFD: 80% fat) for one week and DOR expression was compared to NMRI mice fed a control diet (normal diet, ND: 3.3% fat). Additionally, DOR expression was measured in young (45 days old) and adult (100 days old) genetically obese (DU6/DU6i) mice and compared to control (DUKs/DUKsi) animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANOVA results demonstrate a significant influence of diet, tissue type and sex on DOR expression in adipose and muscle tissues of FD and HFD mice. In SM, DOR expression was higher in HFD than in FD male mice. In WAT, DOR expression was increased compared to BAT in male FD and HFD mice. In contrast, expression levels in female mice were higher in BAT for both dietary conditions.DOR expression levels in all tissues of 100 days old genetically obese animals were mainly influenced by sex. In HM, DOR expression was higher in male than female animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DOR expression varies under the influence of dietary fat content, tissue type and sex. We identified target tissues for further studies to analyze the specific function of DOR in obesity. DOR might be part of a defense mechanism against fat storage in high fat diets or obesity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fromm-Dornieden
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lytovchenko
authors.affiliation: Statistical Bioinformatics, Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 32, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von der Heyde
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Behnke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hogl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berghoff
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Köpper
authors.affiliation: DNA Microarray Facility, Department of Developmental Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Opitz
authors.affiliation: Research Units Genetics & Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Renne
authors.affiliation: Research Units Genetics & Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoeflich
authors.affiliation: Statistical Bioinformatics, Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 32, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beissbarth
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Bertram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brenig
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.|Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases and Medical Molecular Biology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstr. 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Bernhard G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Baumgartner