title: BDNF as otoprotectant in toxin-induced hearing loss.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can prevent auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shift changes caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PaExoA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Peptides of the neurotrophin family are known to prevent neuronal death during embryonic development by interacting with specific membrane receptors. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a single dose of BDNF is an effective protectant against toxic effects of PaExoA-induced ABR threshold shifts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were used. There were five control groups (n = 20) as follows. Group A (n = 4) received NaCl solution; group B (n = 3) received 4 µg BDNF; group C (n = 4) received 1 μg/20 μl PaExoA; group D (n = 4) received 2 μg/20 μl PaExoA; group E (n = 5) received 10 µg/20 µl PaExoA injected into the round window niche. Three treatment groups (n = 13) received a single dose of PaExoA and 4 µg of BDNF simultaneously. Group 1 (n = 3) received 1 μg/20 μl PaExoA + 4 µg of BDNF; group 2 (n = 5) received 2 μg/20 μl PaExoA + 4 µg BDNF; group 3 (n = 5) received 10 μg/20 μl PaExoA + 4 µg BDNF. ABR was used to measure efficacy by analyzing threshold shifts before and after injections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single dose of BDNF prevented changes in ABR thresholds following exposure to increasing concentrations of PaExoA injected into the middle ear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital (Akademiska sjukhuset), Uppsala, Sweden. adnan.lidian@akademiska.se
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lidian
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anniko
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nordang
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D000818:Animals; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004432:Ear, Middle; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D005098:Exotoxins; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A
chemical_list: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D005098:Exotoxins; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A