title: Duration of untreated negative and positive symptoms of psychosis and cognitive impairment in first episode psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been significantly associated with poor clinical and social outcomes in First Episode Psychosis (FEP) patients, but an association with cognitive outcomes has not been clearly established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven consecutively admitted, drug-naïve patients with FEP were assessed at baseline and at 1month and 6months. Underlying dimensions of DUP (general prodrome and positive, negative and disorganisation symptoms) were assessed using the Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia (SOS) inventory (Perkins et al., 2000). To assess the effect of DUP on the neuropsychological status of the patients, a linear mixed-effect model was fitted to each neuropsychological dimension. These models included a dichotomised version of DUP (short versus long duration) as a fixed effect, several adjusting variables to account for patient differences, and a random effect to incorporate the longitudinal structure of the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with a short duration of untreated negative symptoms (DUNS) or a short duration of untreated positive symptoms (DUPS) outperformed patients with a long duration of untreated symptoms on memory tasks and a pre-attentional visual task but not on measures of verbal fluency, attention, reaction time, visual processing and executive functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides additional support for an early intervention to shorten DUP to facilitate a better outcome in memory and attentional domains of FEP patients.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Unit B, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. mcuestaz@cfnavarra.es
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cuesta
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García de Jalón
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Torres
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Peralta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine