title: Microbial contamination in 20-peso banknotes in Monterrey, Mexico.
abstract: The authors' aim was to isolate and identify bacteria or yeast that may be present on the surface of 20-peso banknotes from the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico. They randomly studied a total of 70 20-peso banknotes for the presence of bacteria and species of Candida by conventional methods. Out of the 70 banknotes, 48 (69%) were found to be contaminated. The most prevalent species observed was Candida kruseii (19 bills, 27%) followed by Burkholderia cepacia (9 bills, 13%); 22 (31%) bills showed no growth. Of the 48 contaminated bills, four (5.7%) yielded bacteria considered pathogenic and the other 44 bills (63%) yielded bacteria considered potentially pathogenic. Eleven bills showed more than one microbial species. The results of the authors' study show that contamination occurs on paper currency in the metropolitan area of Monterrey. The authors' findings provide evidence that currency banknotes may represent a threat to human health.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autbnoma de Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rocha-Gámez
authors.forename: Paula Nelly
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Tejeda-Villarreal
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Macías-Cárdenas
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Canizales-Oviedo
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garza-González
authors.forename: Elsa Guadalupe
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Villarreal
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003132:Commerce; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D010209:Paper