title: Miscarriage and mental health: results of two population-based studies.
abstract: A miscarriage may have a sustained negative effect on mental health. Our aim was to analyze the association of the history and, if any, the number of miscarriages with mental health. The participants were women from two population-based studies, the Finnish Health 2000 survey and the National FINRISK 2002 Survey. Data were collected with a set of self-reported questionnaires, a clinical health examination and/or a home interview. A modified Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) and other non-structured interviews were used for the assessment of mental health. A diagnosis of depressive disorder and the presence of depressive symptoms were more prevalent among women with a history of miscarriage. In both datasets the higher the number of miscarriages was, the worse the current state of mood was and the higher the frequency of a psychiatric diagnosis was. These results suggest that a miscarriage, and in particular the number of miscarriages, contributes to mental health in a negative way for long.
authors.affiliation: Mood, Depression and Suicidal Behaviour Unit, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 170, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland. elena.toffol@thl.fi
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toffol
authors.forename: Päivikki
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koponen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Partonen
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires