title: Estimated erosive potential depends on exposure time.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate erosive potential of beverages, using exposure times from 3 to 30 min, and to analyse the relationship between erosion and several drink parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  pH, calcium, phosphate and fluoride concentration, saturation, titratable-acidity to pH 5.5 and the viscosity of sixteen beverages were measured or calculated. Enamel samples (N = 90) were serially exposed to 1 ml of the beverages for 3, 6, 9, 15 and 30 min and erosion was measured as the loss of calcium to the beverage. Rate of erosion per min was calculated by linear curve fitting using all exposure times. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between erosion and the drink parameters. A limited multivariate analysis was performed for the outcome parameter with the highest univariate correlations (erosion per minute) and 4 drink variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A negative relationship was observed only for pH for all exposure times. Only for erosion per min a significant relationship with pH and saturation was found. In a model for erosion per min using only saturation, fluoride concentration, titratable acidity and viscosity, both saturation and viscosity were shown to have a significant effect (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure times between 3 and 30 min result in very different estimates of erosive potential. There is no sound theoretical ground for preferring one or other exposure time/outcome as being more clinically relevant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that effect of the choice of study methodology on the measurement of erosive potential of beverages is large.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, UMCG Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. d.h.j.jager@umcg.nl
authors.forename: D H J
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ruben
authors.forename: M C D N J M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Huysmans
mesh_terms: D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D032083:Citrus paradisi; D032084:Citrus sinensis; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry; D061215:Energy Drinks / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D027845:Malus; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013662:Tea; D013997:Time Factors; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D013662:Tea; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium