title: Bone stress when miniplates are used for orthodontic anchorage: finite element analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The success rate of miniplates is superior to that of other temporary anchorage devices; nevertheless, the biomechanical behavior of miniplates during orthodontic use is not totally understood. The aim of this study was to investigate bone stress by finite element analysis when miniplates are used for orthodontic anchorage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-dimensional model consisting of a bone block integrated with a miniplate and fixation screw system was constructed to simulate various types of miniplates, screw numbers, screw lengths, cortex thicknesses, and force magnitudes and directions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The peak von Mises cortex stress values were highest with the I-type plates followed by the L-type, Y-type, and T-type plates. Bone stress decreased as the screw numbers increased but was not related to screw length. Bone stress increased as the cortex thickness decreased. Bone stress was linearly proportional to the force magnitude, and the highest values were produced when the force was in the forward direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When a T- or Y-type plate is used, or when the force direction is in the tensile mode, bone stress decreases. Bone stress also decreases as the screw numbers increase and as the cortex thickness increases. Furthermore, it decreases as the force magnitude becomes less.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yen-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chih-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Tung-Yiu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Jia-Kuang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D018583:Pliability; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D014025:Titanium