title: [Primary investigation of contaminating fungi on Panax notoginseng and Amomum tsaoko in Yunnan].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the potential risks of fungal contaminants on Panax notoginseng and Amomum tsaoko.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary investigation was conducted in the P. notoginseng and A. tsaoko major production areas in Yunnan. Samples of P. notoginseng and A. tsaoko were collected from drugstores and markets in 3 cities of Yunnan. Dilution-plate method was applied for the isolation of fungi, the obtained species were identified according to morphological and molecular approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paecilomyces lilacinus and Penicillium citrinum were dominant on samples of Panax notoginseng. P. lilacinus and Aspergillus flavus were dominant on samples of Amomum tsaoko.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Yunnan province, the major fungal contaminants on P. notoginseng are P. lilacinus and P. citrinum and the major fungal contaminants on A. tsaoko are P. lilacinus and Aspergillus flavus. There exists a potential contamination risk of citrinin on P. notoginseng and aflatoxin on A. tsaoko.
authors.affiliation: Yunnan branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong 666100, China.
authors.forename: Meifang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xuelan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Deying
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Bingda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D035801:Amomum / Q000382:microbiology*; D002681:China; D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D053723:Panax notoginseng / Q000382:microbiology*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal