title: Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of cytotoxic compounds from Gymnosperma glutinosum leaves.
abstract: Bioassay-guided fractionation of hexane extracts of Gymnosperma glutinosum (Asteraceae) leaves, collected in North Mexico, afforded the known compounds hentriacontane (1) and (+)-13S,14R,15-trihydroxy-ent-labd-7-ene (2), as well as the new ent-labdane diterpene (-)-13S,14R,15-trihydroxy-7-oxo-ent-labd-8(9)-ene (3). In addition, D-glycero-D-galactoheptitol (4) was isolated from the methanolic extract of this plant. Their structures were established on the basis of high-field 1D- and 2D NMR methods supported by HR-MS data. The cytotoxic activity was determined by using the in vitro L5178Y-R lymphoma murine model. Hentriacontane (1) and the new ent-labdane 3 showed weak cytotoxicity, whereas the ent-labdane 2 showed significant (p < 0.05) and concentration dependent cytotoxicity (up to 78%) against L5178Y-R cells at concentrations ranging from 7.8 to 250 μg/mL.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico. Ramiro.quintanillalc@uanl.edu.mx
authors.forename: Ramiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quintanilla-Licea
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morado-Castillo
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gomez-Flores
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laatsch
authors.forename: María Julia
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Verde-Star
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hernández-Martínez
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tamez-Guerra
authors.forename: Reyes
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamez-Guerra
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Padilla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D032462:Cycadopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010936:Plant Extracts; C049203:hentriacontane