title: Evidence-based indications for distraction ankle arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to review the literature to provide a comprehensive description of the Level of Evidence (LOE) available to support the operative technique of distraction ankle arthroplasty for the current generally accepted indications and make a grade of recommendation for each.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive review of the literature was performed (November 2010 to January 2011) using the PubMed database. The abstracts from these searches were reviewed to isolate literature that described therapeutic studies investigating the results of distraction ankle arthroplasty. All articles were reviewed and assigned a classification (I-V) of Level of Evidence. An analysis of the literature reviewed was used to assign a Grade of Recommendation for each current generally accepted indication for distraction ankle arthroplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is insufficient evidence based literature (Grade I) to support or refute the procedure for either: post-traumatic ankle arthritis, arthritis associated with ligamentous instability, primary degenerative joint disease, chondrolysis, deformity associated with arthritis, osteochondral defects and congenital ankle abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inadequate evidence based literature exists to support or refute all currently accepted indications for distraction ankle arthroplasty and further high quality, scientific studies are needed upgrade to these recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Memorial University of Newfoundland. nicksmith@munmed.ca
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beaman
authors.forename: S Robert
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rozbruch
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Glazebrook
mesh_terms: D000842:Ankle / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000150:complications; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D001168:Arthritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000601:surgery