title: Evaluation of factors important in modeling plasma concentrations of tetracycline hydrochloride administered in water in swine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To model the plasma tetracycline concentrations in swine (Sus scrofa domestica) treated with medication administered in water and determine the factors that contribute to the most accurate predictions of measured plasma drug concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma tetracycline concentrations measured in blood samples from 3 populations of swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from previous studies provided plasma tetracycline concentrations that were measured in blood samples collected from 1 swine population at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, 80, 96, and 104 hours and from 2 swine populations at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours hours during administration of tetracycline hydrochloride dissolved in water. A 1-compartment pharmacostatistical model was used to analyze 5 potential covariate schemes and determine factors most important in predicting the plasma concentrations of tetracycline in swine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2 models most accurately predicted the tetracycline plasma concentrations in the 3 populations of swine. Factors of importance were body weight or age of pig, ambient temperature, concentration of tetracycline in water, and water use per unit of time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The factors found to be of importance, combined with knowledge of the individual pharmacokinetic and chemical properties of medications currently approved for administration in water, may be useful in more prudent administration of approved medications administered to swine. Factors found to be important in pharmacostatistical models may allow prediction of plasma concentrations of tetracycline or other commonly used medications administered in water. The ability to predict in vivo concentrations of medication in a population of food animals can be combined with bacterial minimum inhibitory concentrations to decrease the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. masons@campbell.edu
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Glen W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Almond
authors.forename: Jim E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Riviere
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Baynes
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008954:Models, Biological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014867:Water; D013752:Tetracycline