title: Nonintrusive optical visualization of surface nanobubbles.
abstract: Individual surface nanobubbles are visualized with nonintrusive optical interference-enhanced reflection microscopy, demonstrating that their formation is not a consequence of the hitherto used intrusive atomic force microscopy technique. We then use this new and fast technique to demonstrate that surface nanobubbles form in less than a few seconds after ethanol-water exchange, which is the standard procedure for their preparation, and examine how they react to temperature variations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany. Stefan.Karpitschka@mpikg.mpg.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karpitschka
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: James R T
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Seddon
authors.forename: Harold J W
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zandvliet
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lohse
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riegler