title: Treatment strategies to overcome end-of-dose failure with oral and transdermal opioids.
abstract: Extended-release oral and transdermal opioids are increasingly being used for the management of chronic pain. Although the dosing intervals for these products were established through controlled clinical trials, expanded use of extended-release and transdermal dosage forms has resulted in awareness that a significant number of patients with chronic pain experience loss of baseline pain control prior to the next scheduled dose. End-of-dose failure (EDF) is the term used to describe this type of pain manifestation. By recognizing potential causes of EDF, strategies may be developed to overcome its occurrence to improve patients' pain control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Beaumont Hospitals, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA. levi.hall@beaumont.edu
authors.forename: Levi M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Lenic
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059390:Breakthrough Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations