title: Species-specific time trends and enantiomer fractions of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in biota from East Greenland.
abstract: Time trends of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers were studied for glaucous gull and ringed seal from East Greenland. The ringed seal results extended a previous time trend (1986-2008) to 2010. α-HBCD was the only isomer consistently above quantification limits. For glaucous gull liver, annual median values of α-HBCD (1994-2010) ranged from 22 to 120 ng/g lipid weight (lw) with no significant trend, while HBCD in ringed seal blubber from the same area showed a significant increase from 3.9 to 11 ng/g lw (1986-2010). Reasons for this difference are unknown, but might include different feeding habits and species-specific metabolisation processes. Concentrations of several organochlorine (OC) compounds were determined for glaucous gull and ringed seal samples collected from the same area in 2004. HBCD concentrations in glaucous gull liver appeared relatively low when compared to OC concentrations in the same tissue and to both HBCD and OCs in ringed seal blubber from the same area. Enantiomer fractions (EF) deviated significantly from racemic for all annual mean EFs in glaucous gull suggesting metabolisation processes toward an enrichment of (-)α-HBCD. For ringed seal, this enrichment was less pronounced and only significant for two of the ten years. For neither species, significant changes in EF were found over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. kvo@dmu.dk
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vorkamp
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bester
authors.forename: Frank F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Rigét
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D046091:Charadriiformes; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006116:Greenland; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D046048:Seals, Earless; D013045:Species Specificity; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane