title: Cardiac arrhythmias in adult patients with asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias in asthma patients has not been fully elucidated. Adverse drug effects, particularly those of β2-mimetics, may play a role. The aim of this study was to determine whether asthma is associated with the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and electrocardiographic characteristics of arrhythmogenicity (ECG) and to explore the role of β2-mimetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted among 158 adult patients with a diagnosis of asthma and 6303 participants without asthma from the cohort of the Utrecht Health Project-an ongoing, longitudinal, primary care-based study. All patients underwent extensive examinations, including resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and pulmonary function tests. The primary outcome was "any arrhythmia on the ECG" (including tachycardia, bradycardia, premature ventricular contraction (PVC), and atrial fibrillation or flutter). Secondary outcomes were tachycardia, bradycardia, PVC, atrial fibrillation or flutter, mean heart rate, mean corrected QT (QTc) interval length, and prolonged QTc interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tachycardia and PVCs were more prevalent in patients with asthma (3% and 4%, respectively) than those without asthma (0.6%, p < .001; 2%, p = .03, respectively). The prevalence of QTc interval prolongation was similar in participants with (2%) and without asthma (3%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.6 and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.2-2.0). In 74 asthma patients, who received β2-mimetics, tachycardia and PVCs were more common (OR: 12.4 [95% CI: 4.7-32.8] and 3.7 [95% CI: 1.3-10.5], respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adult patients with asthma more commonly show tachycardia and PVCs on the ECG than those without asthma. The patients with asthma received β2-mimetics; the risk of tachycardia and PVCs is even more pronounced.
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miriam J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Warnier
authors.forename: Frans H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Rutten
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kors
authors.forename: Jan Willem J
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.forename: Anthonius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Arno W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hoes
authors.forename: Marie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Bruin
mesh_terms: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology; D018879:Ventricular Premature Complexes / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents