title: 10-year exercise training in chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of a very long-term exercise training program is not known in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  We previously showed that long-term moderate exercise training (ET) improves functional capacity and quality of life in New York Heart Association class II and III CHF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 123 patients with CHF whose condition was stable over the previous 3 months. After randomization, a trained group (T group, n = 63) underwent a supervised ET at 60% of peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2)), 2 times weekly for 10 years, whereas a nontrained group (NT group, n = 60) did not exercise formally. The ET program was supervised and performed mostly at a coronary club with periodic control sessions twice yearly at the hospital's gym.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the T group, peak Vo(2) was more than 60% of age- and gender-predicted maximum Vo(2) each year during the 10-year study (p < 0.05 vs. the NT group). In NT patients, peak Vo(2) decreased progressively with an average of 52 ± 8% of maximum Vo(2) predicted. Ventilation relative to carbon dioxide output (VE/Vco(2)) slope was significantly lower (35 ± 9) in T patients versus NT patients (42 ± 11, p < 0.01). Quality-of-life score was significantly better in the T group versus the NT group (43 ± 12 vs. 58 ± 14, p < 0.05). During the 10-year study, T patients had a significant lower rate of hospital readmission (hazard ratio: 0.64, p < 0.001) and cardiac mortality (hazard ratio: 0.68, p < 0.001) than controls. Multivariate analysis selected peak Vo(2) and resting heart rate as independent predictors of events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate supervised ET performed twice weekly for 10 years maintains functional capacity of more than 60% of maximum Vo(2) and confers a sustained improvement in quality of life compared with NT patients. These sustained improvements are associated with reduction in major cardiovascular events, including hospitalizations for CHF and cardiac mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Sections of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, Lancisi Heart Institute, Ancona, Italy. r.belardinelli@ospedaliriuniti.marche.it
authors.forename: Romualdo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belardinelli
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Georgiou
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cianci
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Purcaro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011788:Quality of Life; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome