title: Identification of carriers among individuals recruited in the typhoid registry in Malaysia using stool culture, polymerase chain reaction, and dot enzyme immunoassay as detection tools.
abstract: Chronic carriers of Salmonella Typhi act as reservoirs for the organism and become the agents of typhoid outbreaks in a community. In this study, chronic carriers in Kelantan, Malaysia were first identified using the culture and polymerase chain reaction method. Then, a novel serological tool, designated Typhidot-C, was evaluated in retrospect using the detected individuals as control positives. Chronic carriage positive by the culture and polymerase chain reaction method was recorded at 3.6% (4 out of 110) among individuals who previously had acute typhoid fever and a 9.4% (10 out of 106) carriage rate was observed among food handlers screened during outbreaks. The Typhidot-C assay was able to detect all these positive carriers showing its potential as a viable carrier screening tool and can be used for efficient detection of typhoid carriers in an endemic area. These findings were used to establish the first carrier registry for S Typhi carriers in Malaysia.
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ang Lim
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aziah
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Prabha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balaram
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Saatheeyavaane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhuvanendran
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Amy Amilda
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Norazura
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mohmad
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norhafiza M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Haslizai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rochman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naim
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Lila P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Meran
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hani M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hussin
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia asma@usm.my.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000453:epidemiology*