title: Straight talk: HIV prevention for African-American heterosexual men: theoretical bases and intervention design.
abstract: In the United States, racial disparities in HIV/AIDS are stark. Although African Americans comprise an estimated 14% of the U.S. population, they made up 52% of new HIV cases among adults and adolescents diagnosed in 2009. Heterosexual transmission is now the second leading cause of HIV in the United States. African Americans made up a full two-thirds of all heterosexually acquired HIV/AIDS cases between 2005 and 2008. Few demonstrated efficacious HIV prevention interventions designed specifically for adult, African-American heterosexual men exist. Here, we describe the process used to design a theory-based HIV prevention intervention to increase condom use, reduce concurrent partnering, and increase HIV testing among heterosexually active African-American men living in high HIV prevalence areas of New York City. The intervention integrated empowerment, social identity, and rational choices theories and focused on four major content areas: HIV/AIDS testing and education; condom skills training; key relational and behavioral turning points; and masculinity and fatherhood.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, USA. vfrye@nybloodcenter.org
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henny
authors.forename: Keosha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lucy
authors.forename: Malik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cupid
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Beryl A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Koblin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057228:Masculinity; D009519:New York City; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016730:Program Development; D012107:Research Design; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior