title: Alteration of global workspace during loss of consciousness: a study of parietal seizures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Loss of consciousness (LOC) in epileptic seizures has a strongly negative impact on quality of life. Recently, we showed that LOC occurring during temporal lobe seizures was correlated with a nonlinear increase of neural synchrony in associative--and particularly parietal--cortices. Whether these mechanisms might be observed in other types of seizures is unknown. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between changes in synchrony and degree of LOC during parietal lobe epilepsy (PLE), a form of epilepsy in which seizures directly involve the parietal associative cortices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) during presurgical evaluation of PLE were studied. The LOC intensity was scored using the Conscious Seizure Scale (CSS). For each studied seizure (n = 29), interdependencies between signals recorded from six brain regions were estimated as a function of time by using nonlinear regression analysis (h(2) coefficient).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seizures were divided into three groups according to the CSS scale: group A (no LOC) with a score ≤1, group B (intermediate or partial LOC) with a score ranging from 2 to 5, and group C (maximal LOC) with a score ≥6. The majority of seizures in patients with PLE disclosed significant LOC (17/29, group C). Mean h(2) values were significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.008), the maximal values of synchrony being observed in group C. In addition, a statistically significant nonlinear relationship (p = 0.0021) was found between the h(2) values and the CSS scores, suggesting a threshold effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that excess of EEG signal synchrony within associative cortices is likely to be a crucial phenomenon associated with LOC.
authors.affiliation: CHU Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arthuis
authors.forename: Aileen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGonigal
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wendling
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bartolomei
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D058407:Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000209:etiology*