title: Trends in venous thromboembolism-related hospitalizations, 1994-2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Information on trends in venous thromboembolism (VTE) in US children is scant and inconsistent. We assessed national trends in VTE-associated pediatric hospitalizations.
  
  
  METHODS
  All nonroutine newborn hospitalizations for children 0 to 17 years of age in the 1994-2009 Nationwide Inpatient Samples were included; routine newborn discharges were excluded. VTE diagnoses were identified by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Variance weighted least square regression was used to assess trends in patient characteristics and rates of hospitalization per 100000 population <18 years of age. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the probability of VTE diagnosis over the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of VTE-associated hospitalization increased for all age subgroups (<1, 1-5, 6-11, and 12-17 years), with the largest increase noted among children <1 year of age (from 18.1 per 100000 during 1994 to 49.6 per 100000 during 2009). Compared with 1994-1997, the adjusted odds of hospitalization with a VTE diagnosis were 88% higher during 2006-2009 (adjusted odds ratio: 1.88 [95% confidence interval: 1.64-2.17]). Venous catheter use, mechanical ventilation, malignancy, hospitalization ≥ 5 days, and VTE-related medical conditions were associated with increased likelihood of VTE diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of VTE-associated hospitalization among US children increased from 1994 through 2009. Increases in venous catheter procedures were associated with and may have contributed to the observed trends. The degree to which increased awareness of VTE influenced the temporal differences could not be determined.
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, MS-D02, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. sboulet@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Sheree L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Boulet
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Grosse
authors.forename: Courtney D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Thornburg
authors.forename: Hussain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: W Craig
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hooper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy