title: Management of ranula: 9 years' clinical experience in pediatric and adult patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term results in the authors' department in the management of patients with oral and plunging ranulas. A specific diagnostic and therapeutic approach is suggested based on these data and data from the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 65 patients with a final diagnosis of ranula was carried out. The medical records were evaluated for the principal demographic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic data. Statistical analysis was used to compare outcomes of the different treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatments that included complete sublingual gland excision were associated with the lowest recurrence rate (3.6%), followed by partial sublingual gland excision (9.1%), marsupialization (13%), and ranula excision (36.7%). Nine patients (13.8%) had recurrences. A statistically significant difference was observed (P = .01) in the recurrence rate between complete sublingual gland excision and ranula excision alone. Complications developed in 7 patients (10.8%). Ultrasonography performed in all patients showed an intimate relation among the cyst, mylohyoid muscle, and sublingual gland. Dehiscence of the mylohyoid muscle was noted in some cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical experience in the authors' department confirms the different treatments that are offered for ranula. Sublingual gland excision should be the preferred treatment, but marsupialization may be useful as an alternative minimally invasive procedure, with a success rate higher than 85% and no risk of increased complications if revision surgery is needed. Ultrasound is the recommended diagnostic tool, in addition to the clinical examination, for the differential diagnosis and during follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Specialized Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo Enrico
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Sigismund
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozzato
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iro
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zenk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009060:Mouth Floor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011900:Ranula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013361:Sublingual Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult