title: Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam modulates neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory             effects in hippocampal and microglial cells via HO-1- and Nrf-2-mediated pathways.
abstract: Recent evidence indicates that microglial activation and hippocampal damage may play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam has been used as a folk remedy for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in China and Korea. In this study, the mechanism responsible for the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam ethyl acetate fraction (BCE) was investigated. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible enzyme expressed in response to various inflammatory stimuli. Due to its role in the anti-inflammatory signaling pathway, the expression and modulation of HO-1 are important. In this study, the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of BCE were examined using the murine microglial BV2 and hippocampal HT22 cells. We demonstrated that the administration of BCE provided neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells through the HO-1 and nuclear erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2) signaling pathways. We also reported that BCE inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and that the presence of selective inhibitors of HO-1 (SnPP) resulted in the inhibition of BCE-mediated anti-inflammatory activity in BV2 microglial cells. BCE was shown to induce HO-1 expression as well as the nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 in both microglial and hippocampal cells. These findings revealed the potential therapeutic mechanisms of BCE in neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that HO-1 and Nrf-2 signaling may play important roles in the mediation of its neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan,                     Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Hun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Mei Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Eun Yeon
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Min Ju
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031723:Bambusa / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D009573:Nitrites; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse