title: Drinking and driving in southeastern Brazil: results from a roadside survey study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to present data from a roadside survey study on drinking and driving and alcohol consumption in southeastern Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional roadside survey study using a questionnaire and breathalyzer data is the method used to determine the prevalence of drinking and driving and to examine whether socio-demographic characteristics and drivers' behavior, attitude and alcohol consumption predicted positive blood alcohol content (BAC). The data were gathered from 2005 to 2007 through roadside surveys conducted on high volume public roads in four cities in southeastern Brazil. A total of 4182 randomly selected drivers took part in the research. Of these drivers, 3488 (83.4%) completed the questionnaire and agreed to take a breath test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 24.6% of drivers had a detectable blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and 15.9% had a BAC above the legal limit (0.6g/l) at the time of the study. Logistic regression controlling for locale (city), sex, age and marital status was used to predict whether each driver would present a positive breath test. Socio-demographic characteristics, driving behaviors and attitudes, and alcohol consumption patterns were included as predictors. These analyses indicated that those who believed drinking and driving was a serious offense were about two-thirds as likely to have a positive breath test, and that drivers reporting a pattern of regular alcohol use were three times as likely to have a positive breath test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that drinking and driving is relatively common in Brazil, and that it occurs considerably more frequently than similar surveys suggest, is the case in other countries.
authors.affiliation: Pós-Graduação do Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP (São Paulo Federal University, Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Program), Brazil. vrcampos@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Valdir Ribeiro
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Souza E Silva
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duailibi
authors.forename: Ronaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laranjeira
authors.forename: Ester Nakamura
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: Joel W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Grube
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pinsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001290:Attitude; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D001944:Breath Tests; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires