title: Generation of a human embryonic stem cell line stably expressing high levels of the fluorescent protein mCherry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The generation and characterization of a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line stably expressing red fluorescent mCherry protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lentiviral transduction of a ubiquitously-expressed human EF-1α promoter driven mCherry transgene was performed in MEL2 hESC. Red fluore-scence was assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Pluripotency of stably transduced hESC was determined by immunofluorescent pluripotency marker expression, flow cytometry, teratoma assays and embryoid body-based differentiation followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Quantification of cell motility and survival was performed with time lapse microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Constitutively fluorescently-labeled hESCs are useful tools for facile in vitro and in vivo tracking of survival, motility and cell spreading on various surfaces before and after differentiation. Here we describe the generation and characterization of a hESC line (MEL2) stably expressing red fluorescent protein, mCherry. This line was generated by random integration of a fluorescent protein-expressing cassette, driven by the ubiquitously-expressed human EF-1α promoter. Stably transfected MEL2-mCherry hESC were shown to express pluripotency markers in the nucleus (POU5F1/OCT4, NANOG and SOX2) and on the cell surface (SSEA4, TRA1-60 and TG30/CD9) and were shown to maintain a normal karyotype in long-term (for at least 35 passages) culture. MEL2-mCherry hESC further readily differentiated into representative cell types of the three germ layers in embryoid body and teratoma based assays and, importantly, maintained robust mCherry expression throughout differentiation. The cell line was next adapted to single-cell passaging, rendering it compatible with numerous bioengineering applications such as measurement of cell motility and cell spreading on various protein modified surfaces, quantification of cell attachment to nanoparticles and rapid estimation of cell survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MEL2-mCherry hESC line conforms to the criteria of bona fide pluripotent stem cells and maintains red fluorescence throughout differentiation, making it a useful tool for bioengineering and in vivo tracking experiments.
authors.affiliation: Dmitry A Ovchinnikov, Nilay Y Thakar, Ernst J Wolvetang, Stem Cell Engineering Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Dmitry A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ovchinnikov
authors.forename: Jennifer P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Drew M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Titmarsh
authors.forename: Nilay Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Thakar
authors.forename: Dong Choon
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sin
authors.forename: Justin J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cooper-White
authors.forename: Ernst J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wolvetang