title: Comparative evaluation in vitro of the herbicide flurochloridone by cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome and comet assays.
abstract: The in-vitro effects of flurochloridone and its formulations Twin Pack Gold® (25% a.i.) and Rainbow® (25% a.i.) were evaluated in Chinese Hamster Ovary K1 (CHO-K1) cells. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) and single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assays were used. The activities were tested within the range of final concentrations of 0.25-15 μg flurochloridone/mL. The results demonstrated that both the flurochloridone and Rainbow® were not able to induce micronuclei (MN). On the other hand, Twin Pack Gold® only increased the frequency of MN at 5 μg/mL. Furthermore, 10 and 15 μg/mL of both formulations resulted in a cellular cytotoxicity demonstrated by alterations in the nuclear division index and cellular death. SCGE assay appeared to be a more sensitive bioassay for detecting primary DNA strand breaks at lower concentrations of flurochloridone than MN did. A marked increase in the genetic damage index was observed when 5 and 15 μg/mL of both flurochloridone and Rainbow® but only when 15 μg/mL of Twin Pack Gold® were used. This is the first report demonstrating that flurochloridone and its two commercial formulations are able to induce single-strand DNA breaks in vitro on mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikoloff
authors.forename: Marcelo L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Larramendy
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soloneski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D020552:Comet Assay; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000187:drug effects; D053960:DNA Breaks; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006540:Herbicides; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; C077976:raiser