title: Abnormal bilateral drainage of testicular veins: embryological aspects and surgical application.
abstract: A combination of unusual bilateral drainage of the testicular veins observed in a male cadaver utilized for educational and research purposes is prescribed. In specific, the right testicular vein was terminated on the right renal vein at almost right angle, whereas the left testicular vein was bifurcated into a lateral component drained into the left renal vein and a medial component opened into the inferior vena cava close to its confluence with the left renal vein. Such a co-existence of bilateral testicular vein termination is very rarely presented in the literature. The main goal of this study is to provide an embryological development model for these variants and to highlight the likely occurrence of these anomalies to the surgeon of the region. The awareness of these venous anomalies can facilitate the surgeons in order to ligate properly and adequately the abnormal venous terminations and collaterals reducing that way the recurrence rate of varicocele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. g_paraskevas@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Paraskevas
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ioannidis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Natsis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martoglou
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D004322:Drainage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000196:embryology; D014646:Varicocele / Q000473:pathology; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology