title: Effect of tonsillar mononuclear cell supernatants in patients with IgA nephropathy on renal tubular epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the immunological relationship and the mechanism between tonsillar inflammation and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs) were prepared from 13 patients with IgAN and 13 patients with chronic tonsillitis but without renal disease. The human renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) line, HK-2, was used to test the effects of secretions from the TMCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was used to induce the inflammatory responses in TMCs. The secretions from TMCs, stimulated with or without PHA, were collected and applied to HK-2 cells. The proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HK-2 cells were evaluated. The expression of key components during apoptosis and EMT was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The secretions from PHA-stimulated IgAN TMCs significantly inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and down-regulated Bcl-2 in HK-2 cells (P < 0.05) in time- and concentration-dependent manners. They also modulated the expression of key components during EMT, E-cadherin and α-SMA (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The secretions from PHA-stimulated IgAN TMCs can cause the inhibition of proliferation, promotion of apoptosis, down-regulation of Bcl-2, and EMT effects in HK-2 TECs, which may reflect the in-vivo remote modulation of functions of renal TECs by tonsillar inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Youzhou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Youming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fuyou
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002648:Child; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D005260:Female; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000276:immunology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D014069:Tonsillitis / Q000473:pathology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; C494826:BAX protein, human; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein