title: Highly stable concentrated nanoemulsions by the phase inversion composition method at elevated temperature.
abstract: Oil-in-water nanoemulsions were produced in the system water/Span 80-Tween 80/paraffin oil via the phase inversion composition (PIC) method at elevated temperature. With the increase of preparation temperature from 20 to 70 °C, we found that the emulsion droplet diameter decreases from 10.3 μm to 51 nm, proving the formation of nanoemulsions. The viscosity of nanoemulsions clearly increases with droplet volume fraction, φ, but the droplet size changes less. Significantly, at φ ≤ 0.5, the size distribution of nanoemulsions can be kept unchangeable more than 5 months. These results proved that the highly viscous paraffin oil can hardly be dispersed by the PIC method at 25 °C, but the increase in preparation temperature makes it possible for producing monodisperse nanoemulsions. Once the nanoemulsion is produced, the stability against Ostwald ripening is outstanding due to the extremely low solubility of the paraffin oil in the continuous phase. The highly stable nanoemulsions are of great importance in practical applications.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Lijie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jingcheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Dejun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D006601:Hexoses / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D010232:Paraffin / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D006601:Hexoses; D009821:Oils; D011136:Polysorbates; D014867:Water; C018665:sorbitan monooleate; D010232:Paraffin; C015418:paraffin oils