title: Validation of a cognitive assessment battery administered over the telephone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the validity and reliability of a cognitive test battery and questionnaires administered by telephone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study; 110 participants randomly assigned to receive two administrations of the same cognitive test battery 6 months apart in one of four combinations (Time 1 administration/Time 2 administration): telephone/telephone, telephone/face to face, face to face/telephone, face to face/face to face.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ten women aged 65 to 90 without dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The battery included tests of attention; verbal learning and memory; verbal fluency; executive function; working memory; global cognitive functioning; and self-reported measures of perceived memory problems, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, and health-related quality of life. Test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, relative bias associated with telephone administration, and change scores were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in scores on any of the cognitive tests or questionnaires between participants randomly assigned to telephone or face-to-face administration at the Time 1 assessment, indicating equivalence across administration modes. There was no significant bias for tests or questionnaires administered by telephone (P's > .01), nor was there a difference in mean change scores between administration modes except for Category Fluency (P = .01) and California Verbal Learning Test long-delay free recall (P = .004). Mean test-retest coefficients for the battery were not significantly different between groups, although individual test-retest correlation coefficients were generally higher within modes than between modes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Telephone administration of cognitive tests and questionnaires to older women is reliable and valid. Use of telephone batteries can substantially reduce the cost and burden of cognitive assessments and increase enrollment, retention, and data completeness, thereby improving study validity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA. srapp@wakehealth.edu
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Legault
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Espeland
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Laura H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dailey
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shumaker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009657:North Carolina; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013689:Telephone