title: Sensitization to acid-hydrolyzed wheat protein by transdermal administration to BALB/c mice, and comparison with gluten.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increasing number of studies have shown that hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP) can induce IgE-mediated hypersensitivity by skin contact and/or food ingestion. However, there has been no study of the sensitizing potential of HWP. In this study, the possibility of transdermal pathway for sensitization to acid-HWP (HWP1) was investigated using BALB/c mice, and compared with that of gluten.
  
  
  METHODS
  HWP1 or gluten (500 μg/mouse) was transdermally administered using patches. After three or four cycles of sensitization for 3 days/week, active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of the antigen, and rectal temperatures, scores of anaphylactic responses, and plasma histamine levels were determined. Because HWP1 was included in facial soap in Japan, the effect of detergent on the sensitizing potential was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transdermal administration of HWP1 induced dose-dependent production of IgE and IgG1. After sensitization for 3 or 4 weeks, intraperitoneal injection of HWP1 caused ASA, leading to decreased rectal temperatures, increased anaphylaxis scores, and increased plasma histamine levels. In addition, splenocytes harvested after ASA produced IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 by re-stimulation with HWP1. Transdermal exposure to gluten also induced IgE and IgG1 production, and intraperitoneal injection of gluten also induced ASA only in mice sensitized in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transdermal exposure to HWP1 is sufficient to activate key immune pathways necessary for sensitizing mice for immediate hypersensitivity reactions. This study shows that HWP has a sensitizing potential as well as gluten, whereas its allergenicity may be different from that of gluten.
authors.affiliation: Division of Novel Foods and Immunochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. akasaka@nihs.go.jp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukutomi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teshima
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology*; D005983:Glutens / Q000276:immunology*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000209:etiology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010940:Plant Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D005983:Glutens