title: [Effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate administration on gastric contents].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preoperative oral carbohydrate administration for adult patients has been recommended by European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Although preoperative oral carbohydrate may improve patient satisfaction and perioperative glucose metabolism, its effects on the gastric contents remain controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 232 adult patients without gastrointestinal stenosis or occlusion. Seventy-four patients (group A) were not permitted to eat or drink before operation for eight hours, while 158 patients (group B) took oral carbohydrate (225 ml, 22.3% glucose) two hours before anesthesia induction. After induction, gastric contents were aspirated to examine its volume and pH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the mean volume of gastric contents of the patients in group B was significantly lower than that in group A, and gastric pH was also significantly smaller in group B, no patients suffered from aspiration during rapid induction. Fasting interval and gastric volume were inversely related, and almost all the patients with fasting interval above 150 minutes showed gastric contents volume smaller than 25 ml and gastric pH more than 2.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that preoperative oral carbohydrate can be given safely, although the fasting interval should be 150 minutes in our diet regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Hospital, Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka 540-0006.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimakawa
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012449:Safety; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005947:Glucose