title: Development of a multiplex allele-specific primer PCR assay for simultaneous detection of QoI and CAA fungicide resistance alleles in Plasmopara viticola populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DNA-based diagnosis has become a common tool for the evaluation of fungicide resistance in obligate phytopathogenic fungus Plasmopara viticola.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A multiplex allele-specific primer PCR assay has been developed for the rapid detection of fungicide resistance in P. viticola populations. With this assay, a glycine-to-alanine substitution at codon 143 of the P. viticola cytochrome b gene, which conferred QoI fungicide resistance, and a glycine-to-serine substitution at codon 1105 of the P. viticola cellulose synthase gene PvCesA3, which conferred CAA fungicide resistance, were detected simultaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that the present assay is a reliable tool for the rapid and simultaneous detection of QoI and CAA fungicide resistance alleles in P. viticola populations. The assay required only 2 h from the sampling of symptoms to the detection of resistance alleles to both fungicides.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hada
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D009154:Mutation; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D045303:Cytochromes b; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C478648:cellulose synthase