title: [Endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis at early stage of chronic kidney disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study changes in apoptosis and endothelial function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage I-IIIb (CKDsI-IIIb).
  
  
  METHODS
  A complex of biochemical, enzyme immunoassay and device investigations was used to examine 128 patients with CKDsI-IIIb.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In CKD stage I reduction of endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) was detected in 34% patients, in stage II -- in 52 %, in stage IIIa -- y 52 %, in stage IIIb - in 70%. An EDV decrease was associated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a homocysteine level and hemodynamic factors. Elevation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) level was seen in CKDsI in 41 %, in CKDsII - in 54 %, in CKDsIIIa - in 70 %, in stage IIIb - in 83% patients. A negative correlation was observed between the level of ET-1 and GFR and positive - with diurnal proteinuria. A significant rise of annexin A5 concentration versus normal was detected as early as in CKDsI (1,14 +/- 0,68 ng/ml). In CKDsII annexin A5 was 2,61 +/- 0,75 ng/ml, in CKDsIIIa - 3,75 +/- 0,93 ng/ml and in CKDsIIIb - 5,16 +/- 1.01 ng/ml. Negative correlations were found between annexin A5 level and GFR, a maximal growth of volumetric blood flow rate in skin vessels in the acetylcholine test, positive correlations with systolic blood pressure, body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The levels of ET-1 and annexin A5 are factors having an independent impact on EDV in patients with CKDsI-II.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Smirnov
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Petrishchev
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mnuskina
authors.forename: I Iu
authors.initials: IIu
authors.lastname: Panina
authors.forename: A Sh
authors.initials: ASh
authors.lastname: Rumiantsev
authors.forename: E Iu
authors.initials: EIu
authors.lastname: Vasina
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Achkasova
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Menshutina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000097:blood; D017209:Apoptosis; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D019332:Endothelin-1; D006710:Homocysteine