title: Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers: results from the national Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the national and state incidence levels of newly hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (PUs) in Medicare beneficiaries and to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics and outcomes of these individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective secondary analysis of the national Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (MPSMS) database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medicare-eligible hospitals across the United States and select territories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one thousand eight hundred forty-two randomly selected hospitalized fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries discharged from the hospital between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were abstracted from the MPSMS, which collects information on multiple hospital adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 51,842 individuals in the MPSMS 2006/07 sample, 2,313 (4.5%) developed at least one new PU during their hospitalization. The mortality risk-adjusted odds ratios were 2.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.44-3.23) for in-hospital mortality, 1.69 (95% CI=1.61-1.77) for mortality within 30 days after discharge, and 1.33 (95% CI = 1.23-1.45) for readmission within 30 days. The hospital risk-adjusted main length of stay was 4.8 days (95% CI = 4.7-5.0 days) for individuals who did not develop PUs and 11.2 days (95% CI = 10.19-11.4) for those with hospital-acquired PUs (P < .001). The Northeast region and Missouri had the highest incidence rates (4.6% and 5.9%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals who developed PUs were more likely to die during the hospital stay, have generally longer hospital lengths of stay, and be readmitted within 30 days after discharge.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. clyder@sonnet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Courtney H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lyder
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metersky
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kliman
authors.forename: Nancy R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Verzier
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D061214:Patient Safety; D011159:Population Surveillance; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology