title: Computed tomography (CT) bone segmentation of an ancient Egyptian mummy: a comparison of automated and semiautomated threshold and dual-energy techniques.
abstract: Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) enables 3-dimensional,noninvasive, and nondestructive imaging with material separation. Dual-energy CT is generally used to segment hydrated tissues within the clinical context. We apply dual-energy CT to an ancient Egyptian mummy and present several techniques designed to separate bone from desiccated tissue and resin. Automated and semiautomated dual-energy CT techniques are compared to manual segmentation and thresholding-based techniques. Semiautomated techniques enable substantial reductions in operator time compared to manual segmentation.
authors.affiliation: Sackler School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel. saul.friedman@gmail.com
authors.forename: Saul N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Ngan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Patrick V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Granton
authors.forename: D Blair
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hibbert
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Holdsworth
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D009106:Mummies; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*