title: Incidence of disability among children 12 months after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the burden of disability resulting from traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) among children younger than 18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We derived our data from a cohort study of children residing in King County, Washington, who were treated in an emergency department for a TBI or for an arm injury during 2007-2008. Disabilities 12 months after injury were assessed according to need for specialized educational and community-based services and scores on standardized measures of adaptive functioning and social-community participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of children receiving new services at 12 months was about 10-fold higher among those with a mild TBI than among those with a moderate or severe TBI. The population incidence of disability (defined according to scores below the norm means on the outcome measures included) was also consistently much larger (2.8-fold to 28-fold) for mild TBIs than for severe TBIs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The burden of disability caused by TBIs among children is primarily accounted for by mild injuries. Efforts to prevent these injuries as well as to decrease levels of disability following TBIs are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. fpr@uw.edu
authors.forename: Frederick P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Rivara
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Koepsell
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Temkin
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dorsch
authors.forename: Monica S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Vavilala
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Durbin
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Jaffe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012947:Social Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology