title: Difficult patient loss and physician culture for oncologists grieving patient loss.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While caring for critically ill and terminal patients can elicit grief symptoms in health care professionals, few studies have examined oncologists' grief over patient loss using a qualitative approach to inquiry.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore what makes patient loss difficult for oncologists and to explore the context in which these losses were occurring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty oncologists were interviewed at three oncology centers in Canada about their experiences of grief over patient loss. Exclusion criteria included never having lost a patient in their care and being unable to speak English. Data was analyzed using the grounded theory method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oncologists found patient loss particularly difficult for relational reasons including instances where they felt close to patients and their families, when they had a transference to the patient, when patients died young, when they had long-term patients, and when deaths were unexpected. Contextual reasons included when patients and their families were unprepared for death, had unrealistic expectations about cure, when excessive treatments were perceived to be used, when physicians were blamed for the loss, or when families were chaotic or had high needs. Findings further revealed that these losses were occurring within a physician culture that had a stigma around death and dying, viewed emotion as weakness, was focused on cure, and was gendered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effective interventions to help oncologists cope with grief must identify the expectation gaps between physicians and patients when it comes to end-of-life care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology of Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel. Leeatg@gmail.com
authors.forename: Leeat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Granek
authors.forename: Monika K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Krzyzanowska
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tozer
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzotta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001293:Attitude to Death; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012737:Sex Factors; D057545:Social Stigma