title: Breast cancer metastasis.
abstract: Breast cancer metastasis accounts for the majority of deaths from breast cancer. Detection of breast cancer metastasis at the earliest stage is important for the management and prediction of breast cancer progression. Emerging techniques using the analysis of circulating tumor cells show promising results in predicting and identifying the early stages of breast cancer metastasis in patients. Additionally, a deeper understanding of the metastatic cascade in breast cancer will be critical for developing therapeutic interventions to combat breast cancer metastasis. In this review, the current and novel methods for detection of breast cancer metastasis, as well as the mechanisms involved in metastasis and the treatment of breast cancer metastasis, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Olivia Jane
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Scully
authors.forename: Boon-Huat
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bay
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Yingnan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015820:Cadherins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A