title: Genome-wide association study for circulating levels of PAI-1 provides novel insights into its regulation.
abstract: We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify novel associations between genetic variants and circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentration, and examined functional implications of variants and genes that were discovered. A discovery meta-analysis was performed in 19 599 subjects, followed by replication analysis of genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10(-8)) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 796 independent samples. We further examined associations with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, assessed the functional significance of the SNPs for gene expression in human tissues, and conducted RNA-silencing experiments for one novel association. We confirmed the association of the 4G/5G proxy SNP rs2227631 in the promoter region of SERPINE1 (7q22.1) and discovered genome-wide significant associations at 3 additional loci: chromosome 7q22.1 close to SERPINE1 (rs6976053, discovery P = 3.4 × 10(-10)); chromosome 11p15.2 within ARNTL (rs6486122, discovery P = 3.0 × 10(-8)); and chromosome 3p25.2 within PPARG (rs11128603, discovery P = 2.9 × 10(-8)). Replication was achieved for the 7q22.1 and 11p15.2 loci. There was nominal association with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease at ARNTL (P < .05). Functional studies identified MUC3 as a candidate gene for the second association signal on 7q22.1. In summary, SNPs in SERPINE1 and ARNTL and an SNP associated with the expression of MUC3 were robustly associated with circulating levels of PAI-1.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHBLI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
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mesh_terms: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005787:Gene Frequency; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D055263:Mucin-3 / Q000235:genetics; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D034622:RNA Interference; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; C538960:BMAL1 protein, human; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; C524652:MUC3A protein, human; D055263:Mucin-3; D047495:PPAR gamma; C092282:PSMC5 protein, human; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities