title: Presurgical navigated transcranial magnetic brain stimulation for recurrent gliomas in motor eloquent areas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) has been repeatedly shown to be comparably accurate to direct cortical stimulation (DCS) for rolandic region mapping. However, there are no data on its use for recurrent gliomas in which scarring and radiotherapy can impair nTMS. We therefore evaluated the accuracy of nTMS versus DCS and functional MRI (fMRI) in recurrent gliomas compared to initially operated tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 8 patients with recurrent gliomas and 23 patients with initially operated lesions in or adjacent to the precentral gyrus by preoperative nTMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative motor mapping correlated well with intraoperative DCS in recurrent gliomas (6.2±6.0mm), as well as in newly diagnosed tumor patients (5.7±4.6mm) with no significant difference. Compared to fMRI, the difference was larger for upper (recurrent: 8.5±7.2mm; new: 9.8±8.6mm) and lower (recurrent: 17.1±10.6mm; new: 13.8±13.0mm) extremities, with no significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When comparing nTMS with DCS and fMRI, nTMS is as accurate in recurrent gliomas as it is prior to the first operation. It should be considered a helpful modality in recurrent glioma patients as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  nTMS is also applicable in recurrent tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany. Sandro.Krieg@lrz.tum.de
authors.forename: Sandro M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shiban
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buchmann
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ringel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000503:physiopathology*; D038361:Neuronavigation; D011300:Preoperative Care; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation