title: Arachidonic acid derivatives and their role in peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration.
abstract: After peripheral nerve injury, a process of axonal degradation, debris clearance, and subsequent regeneration is initiated by complex local signaling, called Wallerian degeneration (WD). This process is in part mediated by neuroglia as well as infiltrating inflammatory cells and regulated by inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and the activation of transcription factors also related to the inflammatory response. Part of this neuroimmune signaling is mediated by the innate immune system, including arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The enzymes responsible for their production, cyclooxygenases and lipooxygenases, also participate in nerve degeneration and regeneration. The interactions between signals for nerve regeneration and neuroinflammation go all the way down to the molecular level. In this paper, we discuss the role that AA derivatives might play during WD and nerve regeneration, and the therapeutic possibilities that arise.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, School of Medicine, Colonia Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. crcamara83@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Carlos Rodrigo
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Camara-Lemarroy
authors.forename: Emmanuel Irineo
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Moreno
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Guzman-de la Garza
authors.forename: Nancy Esthela
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Garza
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000378:metabolism; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014855:Wallerian Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D015777:Eicosanoids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015289:Leukotrienes; D011453:Prostaglandins; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D010740:Phospholipases