title: Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by ethanolic extracts of Phytolacca decandra, Gelsemium sempervirens, Hydrastis canadensis and Thuja occidentalis induce differential cytotoxicity through G2/M arrest in A375 cells.
abstract: The capability of crude ethanolic extracts of certain medicinal plants like Phytolacca decandra, Gelsemium sempervirens, Hydrastis canadensis and Thuja occidentalis used as homeopathic mother tinctures in precipitating silver nanoparticles from aqueous solution of silver nitrate has been explored. Nanoparticles thus precipitated were characterized by spectroscopic, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, atomic force and transmission electron microscopic analyses. The drug-DNA interactions of silver nanoparticles were analyzed from data of circular dichroism spectroscopy and melting temperature profiles using calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) as target. Biological activities of silver nanoparticles of different origin were then tested to evaluate their effective anti-proliferative and anti-bacterial properties, if any, by exposing them to A375 skin melanoma cells and to Escherichia coli C, respectively. Silver nanoparticles showed differences in their level of anti-cancer and anti-bacterial potentials. The nanoparticles of different origin interacted differently with CT-DNA, showing differences in their binding capacities. Particle size differences of the nanoparticles could be attributed for causing differences in their cellular entry and biological action. The ethanolic extracts of these plants had not been tested earlier for their possible efficacies in synthesizing nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution that had beneficial biological action, opening up a possibility of having therapeutic values in the management of diseases including cancer.
authors.affiliation: Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India.
authors.forename: Sreemanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Jayeeta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Asmita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samadder
authors.forename: Soumya Sundar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.forename: Durba
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Anisur Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khuda-Bukhsh
mesh_terms: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D031450:Gelsemium / Q000737:chemistry*; D039321:Hydrastis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D029605:Phytolacca dodecandra / Q000737:chemistry*; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D029783:Thuja / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010851:Picrates; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D012834:Silver; D012835:Silver Nitrate; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl