title: 'Inverted' analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile.
abstract: A series of gramicidin S derivatives 4-15 are presented that have four ornithine residues as polar protonated side chains and two central hydrophobic amino acids with unaltered turn regions. These peptides were screened against human erthrocytes and our standard panel of Gram negative- and Gram positive bacteria, including four MRSA strains. Based on the antibacterial- and hemolytic data, peptides 13 and 14 have an improved biological profile compared to the clinically applied topical antibiotic gramicidin S.
authors.affiliation: Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Varsha V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kapoerchan
authors.forename: Annemiek D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Knijnenburg
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keizer
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spalburg
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Neeling
authors.forename: Roos H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mars-Groenendijk
authors.forename: Daan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noort
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: Antonio L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Llamas-Saiz
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Raaij
authors.forename: Gijs A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: van der Marel
authors.forename: Herman S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Overkleeft
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Overhand
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006096:Gramicidin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010455:Peptides; D006096:Gramicidin