title: Mesenchymal stem cells derived from inflamed periodontal ligaments exhibit impaired immunomodulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of periodontal ligament stem cells derived from inflamed periodontal ligament tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Periodontal ligament stem cells were identified and isolated from healthy or inflamed periodontal ligament tissues. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cocultured with inflamed or healthy periodontal ligament stem cells, and T-lymphocyte proliferation was determined by incubation with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester. T-helper cells (Th1/Th2, Th17) and regulatory T cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Cytokine profiles in supernatants were tested with a cytometric bead array.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to healthy cells, inflamed periodontal ligament stem cells showed significantly diminished inhibition of T-cell proliferation. In cocultures, stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed significantly less induction of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and IL-10 secretion in the presence of inflamed compared with healthy periodontal ligament stem cells. Furthermore, suppression of Th17 differentiation and IL-17 production by inflamed periodontal ligament stem cells was significantly lesser than by healthy cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that inflamed periodontal ligament stem cells had markedly dysfunctional immunomodulatory properties; this may contribute to an imbalanced immune response, acceleration of osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory alveolar bone loss in periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ousheng
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Fulan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Songlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000276:immunology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D020381:Interleukin-17; D016753:Interleukin-10