title: Alterations of signaling pathways in muscle tissues of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, manifests as progressive weakening of muscles. The diagnosis and prognosis of ALS are often unclear, so useful biomarkers are needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total proteins were extracted from muscle samples from 36 ALS, 17 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and 36 normal individuals. The expression levels of 134 proteins and phosphoproteins were assessed using protein pathway array analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen proteins were differentially expressed between ALS and normal muscle, and 9 proteins were differentially expressed between ALS and SMA muscle. The low-level expression of Akt and Factor XIIIB correlates with unfavorable survival, and the risk score calculated based on these proteins predicts the survival of each individual patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some proteins could be selected as clinically useful biomarkers. Specifically, Akt and Factor XIIIB were found to be promising biomarkers for estimating prognosis in ALS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Limei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhaopeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Jinnan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenhu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xinmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: David Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009134:Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D009243:NAD