title: Lesula: a new species of Cercopithecus monkey endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo and implications for conservation of Congo's central basin.
abstract: In June 2007, a previously undescribed monkey known locally as "lesula" was found in the forests of the middle Lomami Basin in central Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). We describe this new species as Cercopithecus lomamiensis sp. nov., and provide data on its distribution, morphology, genetics, ecology and behavior. C. lomamiensis is restricted to the lowland rain forests of central DRC between the middle Lomami and the upper Tshuapa Rivers. Morphological and molecular data confirm that C. lomamiensis is distinct from its nearest congener, C. hamlyni, from which it is separated geographically by both the Congo (Lualaba) and the Lomami Rivers. C. lomamiensis, like C. hamlyni, is semi-terrestrial with a diet containing terrestrial herbaceous vegetation. The discovery of C. lomamiensis highlights the biogeographic significance and importance for conservation of central Congo's interfluvial TL2 region, defined from the upper Tshuapa River through the Lomami Basin to the Congo (Lualaba) River. The TL2 region has been found to contain a high diversity of anthropoid primates including three forms, in addition to C. lomamiensis, that are endemic to the area. We recommend the common name, lesula, for this new species, as it is the vernacular name used over most of its known range.
authors.affiliation: Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation, Kinshasa, Gombe, Democratic Republic of Congo ; Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Kate M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Detwiler
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emetshu
authors.forename: Terese B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vosper
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sargis
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tosi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002521:Cercopithecus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo; D017753:Ecosystem; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D008297:Male; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014828:Vocalization, Animal