title: The cultural construction of self and well-being: a tale of two cities.
abstract: Does local context (e.g., city of residence) matter for self and well-being? We theorized that it does because local contexts diverge in prevalent historically-derived ideas, norms, and products. Through historical analysis, studies of norms (tightness-looseness; Study 1) and cultural products (content analyses of newspaper headlines, venture capital firm websites, hospital websites; Studies 2-4), and studies assessing individuals' self and well-being (Studies 5-7), we compared Boston and San Francisco-similar cities on many metrics. We find that self and well-being are, in some important part, local. Reflecting themes of "old and established," Boston's history and cultural products emphasize tradition, status, and community, and social norms are relatively tight; accordingly feelings and selves are socially contingent. In contrast, reflecting themes of "new and free," San Francisco's history and cultural products emphasize unlimited possibility, egalitarianism, and innovation, and social norms are relatively loose; accordingly feelings and selves are relatively less contingent on others.
authors.affiliation: UC Berkeley School of Law, 591 Simon Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7200, USA. vplaut@law.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Victoria C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Plaut
authors.forename: Hazel Rose
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.forename: Jodi R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Treadway
authors.forename: Alyssa S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001290:Attitude; D001900:Boston; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010541:Permissiveness; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012495:San Francisco; D012919:Social Behavior; D012945:Social Values; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult