title: Bluetongue virus - 23 stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in mononuclear cells of blood and/or regional lymphoid organs.
abstract: Mononuclear leukocytes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and regional lymphoid organs (RLOs) play a critical role in primary BTV replication and subsequent viral dissemination to distant systemic organs. The lesions in animals develop primarily as a result of vascular insult, presumably induced by the activity of viral and/or proinflammatory vasoactive mediators. Hence, the current study was designed in sheep to investigate the responses of potent vasoactivators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and/or nitric oxide (NO) in mononuclear leukocytes of PBMCs and RLOs. The results show that BTV infection of sheep led to enhanced transcription of iNOS in PBMCs and in particular RLOs. The BTV RNAs and/or antigens were readily demonstrable in these mononuclear leukocytes, suggesting the possible role of BTV in iNOS induction. Moreover, upon in vitro infection of PBMCs with BTV-23, iNOS was up-regulated in time-dependent fashion and correlated with increased NO production. The results from these in vivo and in vitro studies thus suggest iNOS and NO produced by mononuclear leukocytes may potentially contribute to vascular-related pathology of BT.
authors.affiliation: Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, U.P., India. chs221@mail.usask.ca
authors.forename: Channakeshava Sokke
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Umeshappa
authors.forename: Karam Pal
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Roopa Hebbandi
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nanjundappa
authors.forename: Rudragouda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Channappanavar
authors.forename: Sushila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maan
authors.forename: Narender S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Maan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001819:Bluetongue / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D001820:Bluetongue virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II