title: Attendees' perceptions of commercial influence in noncommercially funded CME programs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The controversy surrounding commercial support for continuing medical education (CME) programs has led to policy changes, but data show no significant difference in perceived bias between commercial and noncommercial CME. Indeed, what attendees perceive as commercial influence is not fully understood. We sought to clarify what sources contribute to attendees' perceptions of commercial influence in non-industry-supported CME programs, and how attendees perceive that this influence manifests itself on both speaker and program levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation forms were received from 1 544 attendees at 14 live noncommercially supported CME programs in 2006, 2007, and 2010. Attendees rated perceived commercial influence for each lecture and the entire program. Using open-ended and "check all that apply'' questions, participants specified perceived sources and manifestations of commercial influence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attendees rating individual lectures but not the entire program as commercially influenced accounted for 59.9% of those who identified bias. The most frequently endorsed source of commercial influence was individual speakers' funding, and the most listed manifestations were speakers' mentions of pharmaceuticals and expressions of personal opinions. Rating the entire program commercially influenced correlated with whether attendees considered the funding of referenced research a source of influence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CME attendees consider a broad spectrum of factors when reporting commercial influence. Evaluation forms should include bias questions per lecture as well as items to clarify perceived sources and manifestations of commercial influence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Postgraduate Medical Education, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fromson
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gorrindo
authors.forename: Kristin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Iodice
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
mesh_terms: D003132:Commerce; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000191:economics*; D006078:Government Programs; D006801:Humans