title: Biomedical evaluation of a novel nitrogen oxides releasing wound dressing.
abstract: Chronic wounds are a major cause for both suffering and economical losses. Management of chronic non-healing wounds requires multipronged approach. They are polymicrobial and agonizing for the patient due to associated pain. Moist dressing providing antimicrobial action is a highly desirable chronic wound management option. Here we report a hydrogel based dressing that possesses the antimicrobial properties of acidified sodium nitrite and the homeostatic property of a hydrogel. The dressing was developed by combining citric acid cross-linked cotton gauze and sodium nitrite loaded gelatin. The cotton gauze was cross-linked with citric acid by pad-dry-curing in presence of nano-titania catalyst. The cotton gauze-gelatin hydrogel combination was gamma-irradiated and freeze-dried. At the time of application, the freeze-dried dressing is wetted by sodium nitrite solution. The dressing has a fluid uptake ability of 90 % (w/v) and the water vapour evaporation rate was estimated to be 2,809 ± 20 g/m(2)/day. The dressing showed significant antimicrobial activity against both planktonic and biofilm forms and was effective during consecutive re-uses. Cytotoxicity study showed inhibition of fibroblasts, but to a lesser extent than clinically administered concentrations of antiseptic like povidone iodine. Storage at 37 °C over a 3 month period resulted in no significant loss of its antimicrobial activity.
authors.affiliation: Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, 603 102, India.
authors.forename: Rachna N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Dave
authors.forename: Hiren M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Vayalam P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Venugopalan
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D001458:Bandages; D018441:Biofilms; D002384:Catalysis; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D020100:Hydrogels; D008422:Materials Testing; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010933:Plankton / Q000378:metabolism; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012977:Sodium Nitrite / Q000737:chemistry; D013784:Textiles; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D020100:Hydrogels; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D014867:Water; D019343:Citric Acid; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D005780:Gelatin; D014025:Titanium; D012977:Sodium Nitrite