title: Multifunctional surfaces with biomimetic nanofibres and drug-eluting micro-patterns for infection control and bone tissue formation.
abstract: For long-term orthopaedic implants, the creation of a surface that is repulsive to bacteria while adhesive to tissue cells represents a promising strategy to control infection. To obtain such multifunctional surfaces, two possible approaches were explored to incorporate a model antibiotic, rifampicin (Rf), into the osteogenic polycaprolactone (PCL)/chitosan (CHS) biomimetic nanofibre meshes by (1) blending Rf into the electrospinning solutions and then electrospinning into nanofibres (i.e., Rf-incorporating fibres), or (2) depositing Rf-containing poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) micro-patterns onto the PCL/chitosan nanofibre meshes via ink-jet printing (i.e., Rf-eluting micro-pattern/fibre). Rapid release of Rf from both meshes was measured even though a relatively slower release rate was obtained from the Rf-eluting micro-pattern ones. Antibacterial assay with Staphylococcus epidermidis showed that both mesh surfaces could effectively kill bacteria and prevent biofilm formation. However, only Rf-eluting micro-pattern meshes favoured the attachment, spreading and metabolic activity of preosteoblasts in the cell culture study. Furthermore, the Rf-eluting micro-pattern meshes could better support the osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts by up-regulating the gene expression of bone markers (type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase). Clearly, compared to Rf-incorporating nanofibre meshes, Rf-eluting micro-patterns could effectively prevent biofilm formation without sacrificing the osteogenic properties of PCL/chitosan nanofibre surfaces. This finding provides an innovative avenue to design multifunctional surfaces for enhancing bone tissue formation while controlling infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
authors.forename: X N
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; D048271:Chitosan; D012293:Rifampin