title: A case of sodium chlorite toxicity managed with concurrent renal replacement therapy and red cell exchange.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sodium chlorite is a powerful oxidizing agent with multiple commercial applications. We report the presentation and management of a single case of human toxicity of sodium chlorite.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 65-year-old man presented to hospital after accidentally ingesting a small amount of a sodium chlorite solution. His principal manifestations were mild methemoglobinemia, severe oxidative hemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and anuric acute kidney injury. He was managed with intermittent hemodialysis, followed by continuous venovenous hemofiltration for management of acute kidney injury and in an effort to remove free plasma chlorite. Concurrently, he underwent two red cell exchanges, as well as a plasma exchange, to reduce the burden of red cells affected by chlorite. These interventions resulted in the cessation of hemolysis with stabilization of serum hemoglobin and platelets. The patient survived and subsequently recovered normal renal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is only the second case of sodium chlorite intoxication reported in the medical literature and the first to report the use of renal replacement therapy in combination with red cell exchange in its management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. asr1@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romanovsky
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Djogovic
authors.forename: Dat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D001002:Anuria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000379:methods*; D005078:Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood / Q000379:methods*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008708:Methemoglobinemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020127:Recovery of Function; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D016877:Oxidants; C001599:chlorite