title: Reliability of a modified logMAR distant visual acuity chart for routine clinical use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acuity charts that follow the principle of logarithmic size progression (logMAR charts) are considered to be the gold standard for the assessment of distant vision. But it is not well accepted for routine eye examinations due to increased testing time and the complexity of scoring. This study was designed to check whether a modified logMAR chart with three optotypes would provide a reliable acuity assessment compared to standard logMAR charts for routine eye examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two versions of modified and standard logMAR charts were designed, constructed, and used to assess the visual acuity of 50 individuals drawn from a typical out-patient population. Timed test-retest variability and limit of agreement (95% confidence limit of agreement) of the modified chart are compared to the standard logMAR chart using Bland-Altman method. A comparison of the testing time was carried out using paired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The test-retest variability of the charts was comparable, with 95% confidence limit of the mean difference being ±0.08 for standard logMAR and ±0.10 for modified logMAR. Both the versions of modified logMAR charts produced the results which agreed well with those of the standard logMAR charts. The mean testing time required to complete the acuity measurements with the modified chart was significantly lesser compared to the standard chart (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcomes of the current study demonstrates that the modified logMAR chart with three optotypes offers a comparable result to the standard logMAR charts for assessing distant visual acuity in routine clinical examination set up with a much lesser testing time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Babu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Noushad
authors.forename: Jyothi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Shristi V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Amin