title: Data-based interval throwing programs for baseball players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Baseball throwing injuries are common. Emphasis on injury prevention and rehabilitation is made in an attempt to keep athletes on the field of competition. Interval throwing programs are an integral part of training, conditioning, and returning an injured baseball player to the game.
  
  
  METHODS
  Development of data-driven programs was based on the number, type, distance, and intensity of throws during games, across the spectrum of ages and positions for baseball athletes at all levels of play. Statistical analysis by age, position, and level of play determined the need for separate throwing programs. Means, the high range, game rules, and practical considerations were used to develop each data-based interval throwing program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data-based age and level-of-play interval throwing programs for pitchers, catchers, infielders, and outfielders have been developed, tested, and implemented for more than 10 years. Progression is based on type and location of injury, symptoms in response to throwing, and preinjury performance profile. Although the throwing programs are highly structured, there is ample opportunity to modify them to meet the needs of individual athletes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data-based interval throwing programs for baseball athletes are an integral training and conditioning element for both injured and uninjured athletes who are preparing for sports participation. Medical team members should equip themselves with an understanding of how to use the programs for safe training, conditioning, and return to play.
authors.affiliation: University of Delaware.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Axe
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hurd
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Snyder-Mackler