title: IL-17A in the tumor microenvironment of the human colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin (IL)-17A is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine and involved in the colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, the authors evaluated the dynamic change of IL-17A expression in the tumor microenvironment throughout the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using quantitative real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry, the authors examined the expression level of IL-17A in 50 of human colorectal adenoma tissues, 50 of colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and 15 controls. The relationship between IL-17A expression and clinicopathological parameters throughout the sequence was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed a step-up increased IL-17A mRNA level throughout the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence, which began to increase in the adenomas and became even higher in the CRCs; notably, the increase of IL-17A mRNA level in the adenomatous tissues was associated with the severity of dysplasia. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the real-time PCR results and revealed gradually increasing IL-17A cells in both the stroma and adenomatous/cancerous epithelium. In addition, the quantitative real-time PCR result has also revealed an increased expression of TH17-stimulating factors throughout the sequence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-17A and TH17 are highly activated throughout the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. guanglin.cui@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Guanglin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Aping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Rasmus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goll
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Florholmen
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020381:Interleukin-17; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053759:Interleukin-23; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta