title: Evaluation of pretreatments for inhibiting bromate formation during ozonation.
abstract: This study compared several pretreatment methods for inhibiting BrO3(-) formation during ozonation of tap water, from the DTU (Technical University of Denmark) campus, including H2O2 addition (peroxone), pH depression, and NH4+ and Cl2/NH4+ addition. At the same time, the inhibition of atrazine and carbamazepine removal was evaluated for each pretreatment. The required delivered O3 dose to achieve 90% removal of atrazine in the tap water from the DTU campus was 3.5 mg/L, which produced 130-170 microg/L BrO3(-). Peroxone did not reduce the required O3 dose for contaminant removal; however, it limited BrO3(-) formation to below the drinking water limit of 10 microg/L. Depression of solution pH to 6.0, reduced BrO3(-) formation to half, but it was still well above the water limit. Pretreatment with NH4+ also reduced BrO3(-) formation by approximately 50%, though it reduced atrazine degradation to 65%. Pretreatment with Cl2/NH4+ reduced BrO3(-) formation close to the 10 microg/L limit; however, atrazine removal did not exceed 75%. Carbamazepine was completely removed under all the tested experimental conditions with the 3.5 mg/L O3 dose.
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.forename: Henrik R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001959:Bromates / Q000737:chemistry*; D001965:Bromides / Q000737:chemistry; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003718:Denmark; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001959:Bromates; D001965:Bromides; D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032714:bromamine; D002220:Carbamazepine; D010126:Ozone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D001280:Atrazine