title: Evaluation of chemical mediators and cellular response during acute and chronic gut inflammatory response induced by dextran sodium sulfate in mice.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects millions of people worldwide but its pathophysiology remains unclear. Therefore, experimental models of colitis have contributed crucially for the understanding of IBD, and also in the investigations for effective therapies. Herein we investigated the kinetics of inflammatory mediator production and cell infiltration during acute and chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The induction phases with DSS were characterized by severe disease activity with massive colonic polymorphonuclear infiltration and increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), keratinocyte-derived chemokine (CXCL1/KC), interleukin (IL)-17 and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Interestingly, in the recovery periods, we found marked increase of anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10, IL-4, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) that seems be essential for the resolution of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and regulatory T cell marker forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) were increased gradually during experimental colitis, demonstrating a discrepant profile response and evident immune disbalance in the chronic phase of intestinal mucosal inflammation. Taken together, these results provide valuable information for studies on DSS-induced colitis and especially for the identification of biomarkers that predict disease course and possible therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Allisson Freire
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bento
authors.forename: Daniela Ferraz Pereira
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcon
authors.forename: Rafaela Franco
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Claudino
authors.forename: Rafael Cypriano
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dutra
authors.forename: Maíra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cola
authors.forename: Alessandra Cadete
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: João B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Calixto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D016264:Dextran Sulfate