title: Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Algerian honey.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to characterize the physical, biochemical and antioxidant properties of Algerian honey samples (n = 4). Physical parameters, such as pH, moisture content, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), color intensity, total sugar and sucrose content were measured. Several biochemical and antioxidant tests were performed to determine the antioxidant properties of the honey samples. The mean pH was 3.84 ± 0.01, and moisture the content was 13.21 ± 0.16%. The mean EC was 0.636 ± 0.001, and the mean TDS was 316.92 ± 0.92. The mean color was 120.58 ± 0.64 mm Pfund, and the mean 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content was 21.49 mg/kg. The mean total sugar and reducing sugar contents were 67.03 ± 0.68 g/mL and 64.72 ± 0.52 g/g, respectively. The mean sucrose content was 2.29 ± 0.65%. High mean values of phenolic (459.83 ± 1.92 mg gallic acid/kg), flavonoid (54.23 ± 0.62 mg catechin/kg), ascorbic acid (159.70 ± 0.78 mg/kg), AEAC (278.15 ± 4.34 mg/kg), protein (3381.83 ± 6.19 mg/kg) and proline (2131.47 ± 0.90) contents, as well as DPPH (39.57% ± 4.18) and FRAP activities [337.77 ± 1.01 µM Fe (II)/100 g], were also detected, indicating that Algerian honey has a high antioxidant potential. Strong positive correlations were found between flavonoid, proline and ascorbic acid contents and color intensity with DPPH and FRAP values. Thus, the present study revealed that Algerian honey is a good source of antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia. drmikhalil@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moniruzzaman
authors.forename: Laïd
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boukraâ
authors.forename: Mokhtar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benhanifia
authors.forename: Asiful
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Nazmul
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Siti Amrah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Siew Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D000462:Algeria; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011392:Proline / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D011392:Proline; D001205:Ascorbic Acid