title: Insulin resistance and heart failure: molecular mechanisms.
abstract: This article addresses the issue of insulin resistance and associated reductions in cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, which is emerging as a major factor in the development of heart failure, and assumes more importance because of an epidemic increase in obesity and the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome in our aging population. The effects of cardiac insulin resistance are exacerbated by metabolic, endocrine, and cytokine alterations associated with systemic insulin resistance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms linking insulin resistance and heart failure may help to design new and more effective mechanism-based drugs to improve myocardial and systemic insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Annayya R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Aroor
authors.forename: Chirag H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Mandavia
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sowers
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines; D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified