title: Intradural lumbar disc herniation: report of five cases with literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intradural lumbar disc herniations are uncommon presentations of a relatively frequent pathology, representing less than 1% of all lumbar disc hernias. They show specific features concerning their clinical diagnosis, with a higher incidence of cauda equina syndrome, and their surgical treatment requires a transdural approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this article, we describe five cases of this pathology and review the literature as well as some considerations about the difficulties in the preoperative diagnostic issues and the surgical technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that for intradural disc herniations the diagnosis is mainly intraoperative, and the surgical technique has some special aspects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, University of State of São Paulo (UNESP), District of Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-970, Brazil. neurolgd@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Luis Gustavo
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Ducati
authors.forename: Mateus Violin
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Michele Madeira
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: Flavio Ramalho
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Marco Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zanini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D011128:Polyradiculopathy / Q000209:etiology