title: Low dose zymosan ameliorates both chronic and relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
abstract: Zymosan has previously been reported to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Here we demonstrate that low dose zymosan prevented or reversed chronic and relapsing paralysis in EAE. In suppressing CNS autoimmune inflammation, zymosan not only regulated APC costimulator and MHC class II expression, but also promoted differentiation of regulatory T cells. Following adoptive transfer of zymosan-primed CD4(+) T cells, recipient mice were protected from EAE. In contrast, a MAPK inhibitor and a blocker of β-glucan, reversed the effects of zymosan. These results demonstrate that zymosan may be a promising beneficial agent for Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, 300 JHN Building, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonnella
authors.forename: Farinaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Safavi
authors.forename: Ghazal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vessal
authors.forename: Bardia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nourbakhsh
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Guang-Xian
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Abdolmohamad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rostami
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein / Q000276:immunology; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein / Q000276:immunology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014316:Tritium; D015054:Zymosan / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D002070:Butadienes; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D009570:Nitriles; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C113580:U 0126; C445081:myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55); C435023:myelin proteolipid protein (139-151); D014316:Tritium; D015054:Zymosan