title: Positive parenting by parents of children up to three years of age: development and validation of measurement scales.
abstract: This study aimed to describe the development and validation of three multidimensional scales in which the same 30 items, distributed among five dimensions, measure parents' self-perceived confidence, difficulties and knowledge needs in the exercise of positive parenting during the first three years of the child's life. The content of the scales resulted from the literature and exploratory studies and was validated by experts. The analysis of its reliability and validity, using Pearson's correlations and Cronbach's alpha, was based on data from a questionnaire administered to a non-probabilistic sample of 1011 parents. In the dimensions and items, α-values ranged between 0.769 and 0.890 and r-coefficients were >0.37;p <0.01. It was concluded that the scales measure three variables that correspond to the practice of positive parenting and their use permits guiding nursing support.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal. saudade.lopes@ipleiria.pt
authors.forename: Maria da Saudade de Oliveira Custódio
authors.initials: Mda S
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Maria dos Anjos Coelho Rodrigues
authors.initials: Mdos A
authors.lastname: Dixe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult