title: Inflammatory, immune and lipid transportation proteins are differentially expressed in spontaneous and proximal deep vein thrombosis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a multi-causal disease associated with high morbidity and mortality due to complications, and 25% of patients present recurrence within 5 years. The identification of factors involved with DVT can help in the management of patients, prevention of recurrence and in the development of new therapies. The evaluation of plasma components using proteomics potentially provides a window into the individual's state of health. We analyzed the protein profile of plasma samples from 3 DVT patients and compared results to those obtained from 1 sibling and 1 neighbor of each patient. These patients were selected as they presented a personal and family history of spontaneous and recurrent episodes of proximal DVT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Albumin was removed using Affi-Gel Blue Gel, and the proteins were alkylated, reduced, precipitated and hydrolyzed. The peptides were fractionated by SCX chromatography, the 7 fractions obtained were directed to the ESI Q-TOF Premier mass spectrometer. Protein search was performed using the Mascot engine against the IPI human database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proteins that were statistically overexpressed in DVT patients included C4-A plasma protease, C1 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, heavy chain H inhibitor and serum amyloid A. Proteins that were statistically reduced in DVT patients included alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, isoform 2 of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 and apolipoprotein A-IV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation of plasma from patients with spontaneous DVT allows the identification of differently expressed proteins when compared to controls; this expression may be of pathological importance for immune and inflammatory processes in DVT.
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. flores_mariane@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Mariane C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Flores-Nascimento
authors.forename: Adriana F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Paes-Leme
authors.forename: Bruna M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Mazetto
authors.forename: Jaqueline L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zanella
authors.forename: Erich V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: De Paula
authors.forename: Joyce M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Annichino-Bizzacchi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins