title: Dehydrin, alcohol dehydrogenase, and central metabolite levels are associated with cold tolerance in diploid strawberry (Fragaria spp.).
abstract: The use of artificial freezing tests, identification of biomarkers linked to or directly involved in the low-temperature tolerance processes, could prove useful in applied strawberry breeding. This study was conducted to identify genotypes of diploid strawberry that differ in their tolerance to low-temperature stress and to investigate whether a set of candidate proteins and metabolites correlate with the level of tolerance. 17 Fragaria vesca, 2 F. nilgerrensis, 2 F. nubicola, and 1 F. pentaphylla genotypes were evaluated for low-temperature tolerance. Estimates of temperatures where 50 % of the plants survived (LT₅₀) ranged from -4.7 to -12.0 °C between the genotypes. Among the F. vesca genotypes, the LT₅₀ varied from -7.7 °C to -12.0 °C. Among the most tolerant were three F. vesca ssp. bracteata genotypes (FDP821, NCGR424, and NCGR502), while a F. vesca ssp. californica genotype (FDP817) was the least tolerant (LT₅₀) -7.7 °C). Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), total dehydrin expression, and content of central metabolism constituents were assayed in select plants acclimated at 2 °C. The LT₅₀ estimates and the expression of ADH and total dehydrins were highly correlated (r(adh) = -0.87, r (dehyd) = -0.82). Compounds related to the citric acid cycle were quantified in the leaves during acclimation. While several sugars and acids were significantly correlated to the LT₅₀ estimates early in the acclimation period, only galactinol proved to be a good LT₅₀ predictor after 28 days of acclimation (r(galact) = 0.79). It is concluded that ADH, dehydrins, and galactinol show great potential to serve as biomarkers for cold tolerance in diploid strawberry.
authors.affiliation: Bioforsk-Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Kvithamar, 7500 Stjordal, Norway. jahn.davik@bioforsk.no
authors.forename: Jahn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davik
authors.forename: Gage
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: From
authors.forename: Torfinn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torp
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rohloff
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eidem
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sønsteby
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: Muath
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alsheikh
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000531:Altitude; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004171:Diploidy; D031985:Fragaria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005615:Freezing; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005838:Genotype; D016014:Linear Models; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; C070556:dehydrin proteins, plant; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase