title: Crosstalk between VEGF and novel angiogenic protein regulates tumor angiogenesis and contributes to aggressiveness of breast carcinoma.
abstract: We have identified and characterized a novel proangiogenic glycoprotein (NAP) with molecular weight of 67 kDa from synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Proteomic analysis of the protein revealed 29% sequence coverage with maximum identity for human retinoblastoma binding protein 2. N-terminal amino acid sequence showed no identity to recently discovered protein sequences. NAP was also identified in both normal and tumor cell lines by Western blotting. NAP is a permeability factor as verified by miles permeability assay. The proangiogenic potential of NAP was identified using shell less CAM, rat cornea and tumor on CAM assays. NAP induces expression of VEGF and Flt-1 gene as verified by promoter reporter gene analysis. Further NAP induces proliferation of endothelial cells and formation of tube like structures. NAP is also involved in migration and invasion of tumor cells. Clinical data revealed the presence of NAP in breast cancer biopsies. We have developed monoclonal antibody (mAb), and specific ELISA, which confirmed the presence of NAP in the cytosol of tumor cells. The mAb effect was evaluated with established angiogenic assays. Further, we investigated the detailed mechanism by which NAP induces angiogenesis. NAP is phosphorylated by VEGF induced activation of MAPK and JNK pathways through VEGFR2 phosphorylation. NAP involves JNK pathway predominantly with further activation of NFκB in downstream processing of VEGF activation. Together these findings establish that NAP displays angiogenic properties and promotes efficient neovascularization both in vitro and in vivo models. These observations suggest that anti-NAP-mAb can be targeted for antiangiogenic therapy of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Nishanth
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Belugali Nataraj
authors.forename: Bharathi P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Salimath
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D040901:Proteomics; D051381:Rats; D056485:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2 / Q000737:chemistry; D015398:Signal Transduction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016328:NF-kappa B; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D056485:Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases