title: Escherichia coli-mediated impairment of ureteric contractility is uropathogenic E. coli specific.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ureters are fundamental for keeping kidneys free from uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), but we have shown that 2 strains (J96 and 536) can subvert this role and reduce ureteric contractility. To determine whether this is (1) a widespread feature of UPEC, (2) exhibited only by UPEC, and (3) dependent upon type 1 fimbriae, we analyzed strains representing epidemiologically important multilocus sequence types ST131, ST73, and ST95 and non-UPEC E. coli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contractility and calcium transients in intact rat ureters were compared between strains. Mannose and fim mutants were used to investigate the role of type 1 fimbriae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-UPEC had no significant effect on contractility, with a mean decrease after 8 hours of 8.8%, compared with 8.8% in controls. UPEC effects on contractility were strain specific, with decreases from 9.47% to 96.7%. Mannose inhibited the effects of the most potent strains (CFT073 and UTI89) but had variable effects among other UPEC strains. Mutation and complementation studies showed that the effects of the UTI89 cystitis isolate were fimH dependent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We find that (1) non-UPEC do not affect ureteric contractility, (2) impairment of contractility is a common feature of UPEC, and (3) the mechanism varies between strains, but for the most potent UPEC type 1 fimbriae are involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom. floyd78@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: Rachel V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Floyd
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Upton
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hultgren
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: Theodor V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Burdyga
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winstanley
mesh_terms: D000371:Agglutination; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008766:Methylmannosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009154:Mutation; D051381:Rats; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014513:Ureter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056689:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008766:Methylmannosides; C008466:methylmannoside