title: Wear, bone density, functional outcome and survival in vitamin E-incorporated polyethylene cups in reversed hybrid total hip arthroplasty: design of a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasties is generally caused by periprosthetic bone resorption due to tissue reactions on polyethylene wear particles. In vitro testing of polyethylene cups incorporated with vitamin E shows increased wear resistance. The objective of this study is to compare vitamin E-stabilized highly cross-linked polyethylene with conventional cross-linked polyethylene in "reversed hybrid" total hip arthroplasties (cemented all-polyethylene cups combined with uncemented femoral stems). We hypothesize that the adjunction of vitamin E leads to a decrease in polyethylene wear in the long-term. We also expect changes in bone mineral density, less osteolysis, equal functional scores and increased implant survival in polyethylene cemented cups incorporated with vitamin E in the long-term.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blinded randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Patients to be included are aged under 70, suffer from non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease of the hip and are scheduled for a primary total hip arthroplasty. The study group will receive a reversed hybrid total hip arthroplasty with a vitamin E-stabilized highly cross-linked polyethylene cemented cup. The control group will receive a reversed hybrid total hip arthroplasty with a conventional cross-linked polyethylene cemented cup. Radiological follow-up will be assessed at 6 weeks and at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years postoperatively, to determine polyethylene wear and osteolysis. Patient-reported functional status (HOOS), physician-reported functional status (Harris Hip Score) and patients' physical activity behavior (SQUASH) will also be assessed at these intervals. Acetabular bone mineral density will be assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at 6 weeks and at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively. Implant survival will be determined at 10 years postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro results of vitamin E-stabilized polyethylene are promising, showing increased wear resistance. However, controlled clinical follow-up data are not available at this moment.This randomized controlled trial has been designed to determine wear, bone mineral density, functional outcome and survival in reversed hybrid total hip arthroplasty comparing cemented vitamin E-stabilized highly cross-linked polyethylene cups with cemented conventional cross-linked polyethylene cups.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Dutch Trial Registry NTR3049.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Martini Hospital, P,O, Box 30033, 9700, RM, Groningen, The Netherlands. hcvanderveen@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hugo C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: van der Veen
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van den Akker-Scheek
authors.forename: Sjoerd K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bulstra
authors.forename: Jos Jam
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Raay
mesh_terms: D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000592:standards* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000592:standards* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D020959:Polyethylene