title: Emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones among gram positive and gram negative clinical isolates.
abstract: Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are considered as first line drugs to treat infectious diseases. In order to find out useful fluoroquinolones, the antibiotic resistance of fluoroquinolones, namely, ofloxacin (OFL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NRF), enoxacin (ENX), pefloxacin (PFL) and levofloxacin (LVF) was investigated against ninety five clinical isolates that includes Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. In vitro activity of these isolates was carried out by agar dilution method. All Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to OFL at 2 μg/ml. About 6% isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were found to be resistance to LVF and ENX, 6% to CIP, OFL and PFL and none of the isolates were resistant to LVF and ENX. Percentage resistance of P. aeruginosa was found to be 4.35% to CIP, 7% to OFL and 2.2% to NRF, whereas 8.69% to ENX, 0% to PFL and 17.4% to LVF, respectively. The present study provides the data about the emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones among gram positive and gram negative bacteria and strongly recommends the rational and appropriate use of these antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shagufta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nesar
authors.forename: Muhammad Harris
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shoaib
authors.forename: Najia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rahim
authors.forename: Rabia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rehman
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones