title: Polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum induces tumor necrosis factor-α secretion via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the signaling pathways involved in the macrophage activation by Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) and elucidate the molecular mechanism of PSG-1-induced signal transduction in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion. Our results illustrated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were simultaneously activated and involved in PSG-1-induced TNF-α secretion in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, our results also demonstrated that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was stimulated and played an important role in the PSG-1 induced TNF-α secretion. Additionally, the present study showed that nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation by PSG-1 was triggered by PI3K/Akt/MAPK pathway and NF-κB participated in PSG-1 stimulated TNF-α production. In conclusion, we have elucidated the mechanism of PSG-1-mediated immunomodulatory activities, and provide a theoretical basis for the potential of PSG-1 as a novel immunomodulating agent.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shao-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Jun-Qiao
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peng-Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Wen-Juan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ming-Yong
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011134:Polysaccharides; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha