title: Pre-operative embolisation of choroid plexus tumours in children. Part II. Observations on the effects on CSF production.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Choroid plexus tumours are one of the few causes of hydrocephalus secondary to increased CSF production. Operative treatment aided by pre-op embolisation is being used in our institution as a primary option of treatment. Our aim was firstly to quantify the effects of embolisation on CSF production and secondly to assess whether the use of pre-operative embolisation would lead to reduction of CSF production thus reducing the need for CSF diversion procedures in the perioperative and long term.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1996 till 2009, 30 patients (mean age, 2.25 years) underwent surgical treatment for 24 choroid plexus papillomas and 6 choroid plexus carcinomas. Thirteen underwent pre-operative super-selective embolisation of the feeding vessels with Histoacryl glue. The need for CSF diversion-external ventricular drain (EVD)/shunt-was recorded together with the daily CSF production between the two groups (embolised: EMB+ vs. not embolised: EMB-)                                RESULTS:                  The embolisation was successful in 13 of 15 (86.6 %) patients. The average post-op daily CSF production between the EMB+ and EMB- groups was (67 vs. 135 ml/day; p = 0.005). EVD days in situ post-operatively was 7.9 vs. 12.1 (p = 0.033). However, the need for permanent CSF diversion was similar in both groups (five vs. six).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have established the safety of pre-operative embolisation as an adjunct to operative treatment of choroid plexus tumours. As we expected, this technique, by removing the tumour's blood supply, reduces the rate of CSF production. This has had a positive impact on the post-operative management of these patients. We cannot say the same for the need of permanent CSF diversion in our study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. nhaliasos@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haliasos
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brew
authors.forename: Fergus
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Aabir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002831:Choroid Plexus; D016545:Choroid Plexus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019370:Observation; D020288:Papilloma, Choroid Plexus / Q000628:therapy; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies