title: Clinical outcomes among HIV/tuberculosis-coinfected patients developing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after HAART initiation in South India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We determine the frequency and immunological outcome of developing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) among HIV/tuberculosis (TB)-coinfected Indians receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients coinfected with TB and HIV who initiated HAART were classified based on treatment outcomes (IRIS and non-IRIS) utilizing an observational HIV/AIDS cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1731 HIV/TB-coinfected patients initiated HAART, and 95 of these patients (5.5%) developed TB-IRIS, with an incidence rate of 0.26 per 100 person-years. Patients who developed IRIS had significantly higher CD4 counts than non-IRIS patients at the time of initiating HAART, as well as after 6 months, 18 months, and 24 months following HAART initiation (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV/TB-coinfected patients who developed IRIS following HAART initiation had equivalent clinical outcomes compared with their HIV/TB-coinfected counterparts who did not develop IRIS, suggesting minimal long-term risks associated with IRIS.
authors.affiliation: YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Voluntary Health Services (VHS), Chennai, India. kumarasamy@yrgcare.org
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumarasamy
authors.forename: Kartik K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vignesh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devaleenal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poongulali
authors.forename: Tokuga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yepthomi
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Flanigan
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*