title: Prevention of vancomycin induced nephrotoxicity: a review of preclinical data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several strategies have been proposed for the prevention of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Here, we review available evidence supporting the respective strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected by searching the Scopus, PubMed, and Medline databases and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews. The key words used as search terms were "vancomycin," "nephrotoxicity", "renal failure," "renal damage," "nephroprotective," "renoprotective", and "prevention." Prospective or retrospective observational animal studies that evaluated the effects of a modality for the prevention of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity was included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Animal studies show beneficial effects of various antioxidants, such as erdosteine, vitamin E, vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and erythropoietin, in the prevention of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. However, before these agents can be used in clinical practice, their potential benefits must be confirmed in future randomized controlled human studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 14155/6451, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sepideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elyasi
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.forename: Shima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatamkhani
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dashti-Khavidaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D014640:Vancomycin