title: Quantification of LLAEP interhemispheric symmetry by the intraclass correlation coefficient as a measure of cortical reorganization after cochlear implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrical stimulation by a cochlear implant (CI) induces maturation of the auditory system and reorganization of the auditory cortex in deaf children. Cortical reorganization produces an interhemispheric asymmetry in auditory evoked brain potentials associated with sound stimulation after unilateral implantation. To objectively determine the onset of this phenomenon and follow this process over time, the interhemispheric symmetry needs to be quantified. In this paper, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between mean global field powers (MGFPs) of each hemisphere is proposed to quantify long latency auditory evoked potential (LLAEP) interhemispheric symmetries as a measure of auditory cortex reorganization in CI recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  An LLAEP, in response to a simple tone, was recorded in 5 juvenile unilateral CI recipients at less and at more than two years post-implantation and the ICC between MGFPs was calculated for both recordings. The cross correlation coefficients (CC) between MGFPs of each hemisphere were also calculated and compared with the ICC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experience-related visually observed increases in amplitude and shape asymmetries of the LLAEP topographic map (around the LLAEP P(1) peak), were reflected in a considerable reduction of ICC values (on average 41.4%), at more than two years post-implantation surgery. In contrast, CC values only showed much smaller decreases (on average 20.0%), at more than two years post-implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ICC is a better descriptor of symmetry than the CC because it reflects both shape and amplitude similarity between left and right LLAEP MGFPs instead of only shape similarity. The decrease in ICC values at more than two years post-implantation is likely associated with a lateralization of the auditory response as a result of cortical reorganization. Our results show that the ICC between the MGFPs for each hemisphere can be useful to objectively determine the auditory cortex reorganization process and also to evaluate the performance of cochlear implant users without the necessity to use expensive technologies such as high density EEG recordings and/or fMRI scans.
authors.affiliation: Audiology Lab., University Autónoma Metropolitana-Izt, Mexico. ncv@xanum.uam.mx
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Villa
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cornejo
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Natasha M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Maurits
mesh_terms: D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003638:Deafness / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome