title: Pre-concentration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water using dispersive liquid-liquid and single-drop microextraction with high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: In the present work the combination of two liquid-phase microextraction techniques involving dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and single-drop microextraction as a new pre-concentration technique is developed for the separation and determination of acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical compounds, namely, naproxen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, in water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography ultra violet-detection. The extraction conditions were optimized and, under the optimal conditions, the method showed good linearity range of 0.1-1000 μg L(-1)  (R > 0.9990), acceptable reproducibilities (relative standard deviation% = 4.5-8.8%), low limits of detection (0.03-0.2 μg L(-1) ), and satisfactory relative recoveries. The developed method was applied for the determination of anti-inflammatory drugs in river and waste water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. asyazdi@um.ac.ir
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarafraz-yazdi
authors.forename: Hakimeh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Assadi
authors.forename: Zarrin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Es'haghi
authors.forename: Noor Mohammad
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Danesh
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000032:analysis*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000032:analysis*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D009288:Naproxen / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004008:Diclofenac; D009288:Naproxen; D007052:Ibuprofen