title: The edible red alga, Gracilaria verrucosa, inhibits lipid accumulation and ROS production, but improves glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells.
abstract: Gracilaria verrucosa is a red alga that is widely distributed in seaside areas of many countries. We examined the effect of G. verrucosa extract on adipogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. Oil red O staining and a nitroblue tetrazolium assay showed that G. verrucosa extract inhibited lipid accumulation and ROS production, respectively. mRNA levels of adipogenic transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, as well as of their target gene, adipocyte protein 2, were reduced upon treatment with G. verrucosa extract. However, G. verrucosa extract increased glucose uptake, glucose transporter-4 expression, and AMP-activated protein kinaseα (AMPKα) phosphorylation compared to the control. Our results suggest that the anti-adipogenic and insulin-sensitive effects of G. verrucosa extract can be recapitulated to activation of AMPKα.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Kyonggi 463-836, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Seon
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Hyeon-Son
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ok-Hwan
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Boo-Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000187:drug effects; D044724:Gracilaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; C493410:FABP4 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005419:Flavonoids; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014157:Transcription Factors; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose