title: Vasoregulatory peptides pro-endothelin-1 and pro-adrenomedullin are associated with metabolic syndrome in the population-based KORA F4 study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic alterations and endothelial dysfunction are interrelated processes in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) that often develop in parallel. We assessed the association of vasoactive precursor peptides (VPPs) with MetS and T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1) and midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) were measured by novel sensitive assays in 1590 participants of the population-based KORA F4 study. The association of the VPPs with T2D, MetS defined by IDF criteria, the components of MetS, and insulin resistance (IR) was assessed in logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated levels of CT-proET-1 and MR-proADM were associated with T2D, MetS, and IR in age- and sex-adjusted models. After adjustment for age, sex, former vascular complications, lifestyle factors, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and serum creatinine, significant associations with MetS were found for MR-proADM (OR=5.94, 95% CI 3.78-9.33) and CT-proET-1 (OR=5.18, 95% CI 3.48-7.71) (top quartile vs bottom quartile). CT-proET-1 and MR-proADM were strongly associated with all components of MetS as defined by IDF criteria. After multivariable adjustment, association of CT-proET-1 and MR-proADM with pathological glucose tolerance and T2D disappeared and a borderline association with IR was found only for CT-proET-1 (OR=1.34, 95% CI 0.96-1.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We here demonstrate for the first time that plasma levels of both MR-proADM and CT-proET-1 levels are related to MetS and its components, thus suggesting that they possibly have a role as a surrogate biomarker for the disease and its complications.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 München, Germany. jochen.seissler@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seissler
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Feghelm
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Then
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meisinger
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herder
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roden
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lechner
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kowall
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rathmann
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C557077:C-terminal proendothelin-1; D019332:Endothelin-1; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D053607:Adrenomedullin