title: Dynamics of the leading process, nucleus, and Golgi apparatus of migrating cortical interneurons in living mouse embryos.
abstract: Precisely arranged cytoarchitectures such as layers and nuclei depend on neuronal migration, of which many in vitro studies have revealed the mode and underlying mechanisms. However, how neuronal migration is achieved in vivo remains unknown. Here we established an imaging system that allows direct visualization of cortical interneuron migration in living mouse embryos. We found that during nucleokinesis, translocation of the Golgi apparatus either precedes or occurs in parallel to that of the nucleus, suggesting the existence of both a Golgi/centrosome-dependent and -independent mechanism of nucleokinesis. Changes in migratory direction occur when the nucleus enters one of the leading process branches, which is accompanied by the retraction of other branches. The nucleus occasionally swings between two branches before translocating into one of them, the occurrence of which is most often preceded by Golgi apparatus translocation into that branch. These in vivo observations provide important insight into the mechanisms of neuronal migration and demonstrate the usefulness of our system for studying dynamic events in living animals.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagida
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toyokuni
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Fujio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007395:Interneurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins