title: Family network proportion and HIV risk among black men who have sex with men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) have the highest rates of HIV in the United States. Despite increased attention to social and sexual networks as a framework for biomedical intervention, the role of family in these networks and their relationship to HIV prevention have received limited attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A network sample (N = 380) of BMSM (n = 204) and their family members (n = 176) was generated through respondent-driven sampling of BMSM and elicitation of their personal networks. The proportion of personal network members who were family was calculated, and the weighted logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between this proportion and unprotected anal intercourse, sex-drug use (SDU), and group sex (GS), as well as intravention efforts to discourage these risk behaviors among their MSM social networks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  45.3% of respondents listed at least 1 family member in their close personal network. Greater family network proportion (having 2 or more family members in the close network) was associated with less SDU [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.87] and participation in GS (AOR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.67). For intravention, BMSM with greater family proportion were more likely to discourage GS (AOR 3.83, 95% CI: 1.56 to 9.43) and SDU (AOR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.35 to 3.54) among their MSM friend network. Moreover, increased male family network proportion was associated with lower HIV risk and greater intravention than increased female network proportion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nearly half of BMSM have a close family member with whom they share personal information. Combination prevention interventions might be made more potent if this often overlooked component of personal networks was incorporated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. jschnei1@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michaels
authors.forename: Alida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000635:transmission; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult