title: Implementation of a web-based medication tracking system in a large academic medical center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pharmacy workflow efficiencies achieved through the use of an electronic medication-tracking system are described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medication dispensing turnaround times at the inpatient pharmacy of a large hospital were evaluated before and after transition from manual medication tracking to a Web-based tracking process involving sequential bar-code scanning and real-time monitoring of medication status. The transition was carried out in three phases: (1) a workflow analysis, including the identification of optimal points for medication scanning with hand-held wireless devices, (2) the phased implementation of an automated solution and associated hardware at a central dispensing pharmacy and three satellite locations, and (3) postimplementation data collection to evaluate the impact of the new tracking system and areas for improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to the manual tracking method, electronic medication tracking allowed the capture of far more data points, enabling the pharmacy team to delineate the time required for each step of the medication dispensing process and to identify the steps most likely to involve delays. A comparison of baseline and postimplementation data showed substantial reductions in overall medication turnaround times with the use of the Web-based tracking system (time reductions of 45% and 22% at the central and satellite sites, respectively). In addition to more accurate projections and documentation of turnaround times, the Web-based tracking system has facilitated quality-improvement initiatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of an electronic tracking system for monitoring the delivery of medications provided a comprehensive mechanism for calculating turnaround times and allowed the pharmacy to identify bottlenecks within the medication distribution system. Altering processes removed these bottlenecks and decreased delivery turnaround times.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, HB-105, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. calabrs@ccf.org
authors.forename: Sam V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D001331:Automation; D003625:Data Collection; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008510:Medication Systems, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D057188:Workflow