title: Effects of brief mindfulness instructions on reactions to body image stimuli among female smokers: an experimental study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent research has shown that body image stimuli increase negative affect and smoking urges among female smokers. Mindfulness (paying attention to present-moment experience with an attitude of nonjudgmental acceptance) may be a useful technique to minimize the influence of body dissatisfaction on negative affect, smoking urges, and smoking behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study investigated whether mindfulness influences how female college smokers respond to a body image challenge. The study used a 2 × 2 factorial design with body image challenge (trying on a bathing suit vs. looking at a purse) crossed with instructions (mindfulness vs. silence). Female smokers (n = 64; M (age) = 20.03 [± 1.77], 87.5% Caucasian) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: Purse + Silence (n = 16), Body Image + Silence (n = 15), Purse + Mindfulness (n = 15), and Body Image + Mindfulness (n = 18).
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230-1402, USA. cadams@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benitez
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kinsaul
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Apperson McVay
authors.forename: Allyson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbry
authors.forename: Alexa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thibodeaux
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Copeland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D015144:Southeastern United States; D055815:Young Adult