title: Color M-mode sonography for evaluation of fetal arrhythmias.
abstract: Fetal arrhythmias can be challenging to diagnose, even with the use of 2-dimensional, M-mode, and spectral Doppler sonography of myocardial or blood flow signals to determine the rate, synchrony, and timing. Color Doppler sonography combined with M-mode echocardiography uses the myocardium and blood flow to provide a robust evaluation of cardiac rhythm. Limited descriptions of color M-mode sonography have been published. This article describes the systematic application of the color M-mode technique using 4 specific clinical case examples and contrasts this technique with more conventional approaches to fetal arrhythmia diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Mail Stop 34, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. jdetterich@chla.usc.edu
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Detterich
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pruetz
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sklansky
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*