title: Simple pretreatment of non-conductive small hydrous bio-samples with choline-type ionic liquid and membrane filter for microsample mounting.
abstract: Choline-type ionic liquids (CILs), which have a molecular structure resembling that of the vitamin-like active substance choline, have high water solubility, high osmotic pressure, and high cell membrane permeability. Their physical properties make them a very useful pretreatment agent for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of hydrous samples because they can replace water in the samples, causing them to retain their shapes. SEM images of pollen without dissolution of cell membranes, damage, or deformation were obtained by a simple visualization process using CILs. We also identified an easy pretreatment protocol for SEM observation of hydrous microsamples that uses a membrane filter as a sample stage to ensure correct sample placement. Bacteria were successfully observed by using this protocol.
authors.affiliation: Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narushima
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
mesh_terms: D002794:Choline / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D002794:Choline