title: Endoscopic resection of esthesioneuroblastoma.
abstract: Esthesioneuroblastoma, or olfactory neuroblastoma, is an uncommon malignant tumor arising in the upper nasal cavity. Surgical approaches to this and other sinonasal malignancies involving the anterior skull base have traditionally involved craniofacial resections. Over the past 10 years to 15 years, there have been advances in endoscopic approaches to skull base pathologies, including malignant tumors. In this study, we review our experience with purely endoscopic approaches to esthesioneuroblastomas. Between January 2005 and February 2012, 11 patients (seven men and four women, average age 53.3 years) with esthesioneuroblastoma were treated endoscopically. Nine patients presented with newly diagnosed disease and two were treated for tumor recurrence. The modified Kadish staging was: A, two patients (18.2%); B, two patients (18.2%); C, five patients (45.5%); and D, two patients (18.2%). All patients had a complete resection with negative intraoperative margins. Three patients had 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-d-glucose avid neck nodes on their preoperative positron emission tomography-CT scan. These patients underwent neck dissections; two had positive neck nodes. Perioperative complications included an intraoperative hypertensive urgency and pneumocephalus in two different patients. Mean follow-up was over 28 months and all patients were free of disease. This series adds to the growing experience of purely endoscopic surgical approaches in the treatment of skull base tumors including esthesioneuroblastoma. Longer follow-up on larger numbers of patients is required to clarify the utility of purely endoscopic approaches in the management of this malignant tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Phipps Building, Room 101, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. ggallia1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gallia
authors.forename: Douglas D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Reh
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D065634:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome