title: Microbial interactions associated with secondary cucumber fermentation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the interaction between selected yeasts and bacteria and associate their metabolic activity with secondary cucumber fermentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Selected yeast and bacteria, isolated from cucumber secondary fermentations, were inoculated as single and mixed cultures in a cucumber juice model system. Our results confirmed that during storage of fermented cucumbers and in the presence of oxygen, spoilage yeasts are able to grow and utilize the lactic and acetic acids present in the medium, which results in increased brine pH and the chemical reduction in the environment. These conditions favour opportunistic bacteria that continue the degradation of lactic acid. Lactobacillus buchneri, Clostridium bifermentans and Enterobacter cloacae were able to produce acetic, butyric and propionic acids, respectively, when inoculated in the experimental medium at pH 4.6. Yeast and bacteria interactions favoured the survival of Cl. bifermentans and E. cloacae at the acidic pH typical of fermented cucumbers (3.2), but only E. cloacae was able to produce a secondary product.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methodology used in this study confirmed that a complex microbiota is responsible for the changes observed during fermented cucumber secondary fermentation and that certain microbial interactions may be essential for the production of propionic and butyric acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the dynamics of the development of secondary cucumber fermentation aids in the identification of strategies to prevent its occurrence and economic losses for the pickling industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Pérez-Díaz
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000382:microbiology*; D005285:Fermentation; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism; D012492:Salts; D015003:Yeasts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011422:Propionates; D012492:Salts; C017082:brine; D020148:Butyric Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C029658:propionic acid; D019342:Acetic Acid