title: Advances in musculoskeletal MRI: technical considerations.
abstract: The technology of musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is advancing at a dramatic rate. MRI is now done at medium and higher field strengths with more specialized surface coils and with more variable pulse sequences and postprocessing techniques than ever before. These innumerable technical advances are advantageous as they lead to an increased signal-to-noise ratio and increased variety of soft-tissue contrast options. However, at the same time they potentially produce more imaging artifacts when compared with past techniques. Substantial technical advances have considerable clinical challenges in musculoskeletal radiology such as postoperative patient imaging, cartilage mapping, and molecular imaging. In this review we consider technical advances in hardware and software of musculoskeletal MRI along with their clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harish
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Staroswiecki
authors.forename: Garry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000473:pathology*