title: Co-evolution between Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus and Vitis vinifera L. leads to decreased defence responses and increased transcription of genes related to photosynthesis.
abstract: Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) is a widespread virus infecting Vitis spp. Although it has established a compatible viral interaction in Vitis vinifera without the development of phenotypic alterations, it can occur as distinct variants that show different symptoms in diverse Vitis species. The changes induced by GRSPaV in V. vinifera cv 'Bosco', an Italian white grape variety, were investigated by combining agronomic, physiological, and molecular approaches, in order to provide comprehensive information about the global effects of GRSPaV. In two years, this virus caused a moderate decrease in physiological efficiency, yield performance, and sugar content in berries associated with several transcriptomic alterations. Transcript profiles were analysed by a microarray technique in petiole, leaf, and berry samples collected at véraison and by real-time RT-PCR in a time course carried out at five grapevine developmental stages. Global gene expression analyses showed that transcriptomic changes were highly variable among the different organs and the different phenological phases. GRSPaV triggers some unique responses in the grapevine at véraison, never reported before for other plant-virus interactions. These responses include an increase in transcripts involved in photosynthesis and CO(2) fixation, a moderate reduction in the photosynthesis rate and some defence mechanisms, and an overlap with responses to water and salinity stresses. It is hypothesized that the long co-existence of grapevine and GRSPaV has resulted in the evolution of a form of mutual adaptation between the virus and its host. This study contributes to elucidating alternative mechanisms used by infected plants to contend with viruses.
authors.affiliation: Plant Virology Institute, National Research Council (IVV-CNR), UOS Grugliasco, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco-TO, Italy. g.gambino@ivv.cnr.it
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gambino
authors.forename: Danila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cuozzo
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fasoli
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pagliarani
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boccacci
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pezzotti
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mannini
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D052677:Flexiviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins