title: Production of keratinolytic enzyme by an indigenous feather-degrading strain Bacillus cereus Wu2.
abstract: A novel feather-degrading microorganism was isolated from a poultry farm in Taiwan, and was identified Bacillus cereus Wu2 according to 16S rRNA sequencing. The isolated strain produces keratinolytic enzyme using chicken feather as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. The experimental results indicated that the extra carbon sources (glucose, fructose, starch, sucrose, or lactose) could act as a catabolite repressor to the enzyme secretion or keratinolytic activity when keratinous substrates were employed as protein sources. However, addition of 2 g/L of NH(4)Cl to the feather medium increased the enzyme production. The optimum temperature and initial pH for enzyme production were 30°C and 7.0, respectively. The maximum yield of the enzyme was 1.75 kU/mL in the optimal chicken feather medium; this value was about 17-fold higher than the yield in the basal hair medium. The B. cereus Wu2 possessed disulfide reductase activity along with keratinolytic activity. The amino acid contents of feathers degradated by B. cereus Wu2 were higher, especially for lysine, methionine and threonine which were nutritionally essential amino acids and usually deficient in the feather meal. Thus, B. cereus Wu2 could be not only used to enhance the nutritional value of feather meal but is also a potential bioinoculant in agricultural environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of BioIndustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Rd., Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Wei-Hsun
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Jui-Rze
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Too
authors.forename: Jane-Yii
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens; D005241:Feathers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013624:Taiwan; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D007633:Keratins; D002244:Carbon; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; C014703:disulfide reductase (NADH); D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; C035855:keratinase; D009584:Nitrogen