title: Carbon nanotube-based antimicrobial biomaterials formed via layer-by-layer assembly with polypeptides.
abstract: Biomaterials capable of suppressing microbial infection are of clear importance in various health care applications, e.g. implantable devices. In this study, we investigate the antimicrobial activity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled with the polyelectrolytes poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA). SWNT dispersion in aqueous solution is achieved through the biocompatible nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), and the amphiphilic polymer phospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol) (PL-PEG). Absorbance spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show SWNT with either Tween 20 or PL-PEG in aqueous solution to be well dispersed, at about the level of SWNT in chloroform. Quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation (QCMD) measurements show both SWNT-Tween and SWNT-PL-PEG to LbL assemble with PLL and PGA into multilayer films, with the PL-PEG system yielding the greater final SWNT content. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis inactivation rates are significantly higher (up to 90%) upon 24h incubation with SWNT containing films, compared to control films (ca. 20%). This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of SWNT/PLL/PGA thin films as antimicrobial biomaterials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, United States.
authors.forename: Seyma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deneufchatel
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Pfefferle
authors.forename: Menachem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elimelech
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pauthe
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Van Tassel
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D011107:Polylysine / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058525:Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011108:Polymers; D011107:Polylysine; D018698:Glutamic Acid