title: RALY RNA binding protein-like reduced expression is associated with poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: The molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between expression of RALYL and clinical characteristics. In 41 paired samples of ccRCCs and adjacent normal tissues, we used real-time qPCR to evaluate the expression of RALYL mRNA. RALYL protein levels were determined in 146 samples of ccRCC and 37 adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was used to explore the relationships between expression of RALYL and the clinical characteristics (gender, age, tumor size, T stage, N stage, M stage, survival times and survival outcome) in ccRCC. In addition, these patients were follow-up period 64 months (range: 4~116 months) to investigate the influence on prognosis. We found significantly differences between ccRCC tissues and normal tissues (p<0.001, paired-sample t test) in mRNA levels of RALYL. Immunohistochemistry analyses in 146 ccRCC samples and 37 adjacent normal tissues showed significantly lower RALYL protein levels in ccRCC samples (χ2-test, p<0.001), inversely correlating with tumour size (p=0.024), T stage (0.005), N stage (p<0.001) as well as M stage (p=0.019), but not age (p=0.357) and gender (p=0.348). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that people with lower level of RALYL expression had a poorer survival rate than those with a higher level of RALYL expression, significantly different by the log-rank test (p=0.011). Cox regression analysis indicated that RALYL expression (p=0.039), N stage (p=0.008) and distant metastasis (p<0.001) were independent prognosis factors for the overall survival of ccRCC patients. We demonstrated that the expression of RALYL was significantly low in ccRCC and correlated with a poor prognosis in a large number of clinical samples. Our findings showed that RALYL may be a potential therapeutic target as well as a poor prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Centre, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Wen
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Yi-Wang
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Zhi-Mao
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ya-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-Ting
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ping-Ping
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Fa
authors.forename: Xiao-Juan
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yao-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Zhi-Mingn
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D034482:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group C / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D034482:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group C; C088730:RALY protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger