title: Selective delivery of interleukine-1 receptor antagonist to inflamed joint by albumin fusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, a cytokine that is highly therapeutic to rheumatoid arthritis and several other inflammatory diseases, exhibits rapid blood clearance and poor retention time on the target in clinical application due to its small size and lack of specificity to target tissue. Albumin has been widely employed as macromolecular carrier for drug delivery purpose to extend the plasma half-life of therapeutic molecules and has been shown to selectively accumulate and to be metabolized in the inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This suggests that genetic fusion of IL-1ra to albumin can probably overcome the drawbacks of in vivo application of IL-1ra.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A recombinant protein, engineered by fusing human serum albumin (HSA) to the carboxyl terminal of IL-1ra, was produced in Pichia pastoris and purified to homogeneity. The fusion protein retained the antagonist activity of IL-1ra and had a plasma half-life of approximately 30-fold more than that of IL-1ra in healthy mice. In vivo bio-distribution studies demonstrated that the fusion protein selectively accumulated in arthritic paws for a long period of time in mice with collagen-induced arthritis, showing low uptake rates in normal organs such as liver, kidney, spleen and lung in contrast to IL-1ra alone. Moreover, this fusion protein was able to significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of IL-1ra in collagen-induced arthritis mouse model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fusion protein described here, able to selectively deliver IL-1ra to inflamed tissue, could yield important contributions for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity Research, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Youyi Road 368, Wuhan 430062, China. liumengy@tom.com
authors.forename: Mengyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xueping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Dongxu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaosong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010843:Pichia / Q000378:metabolism; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin