title: Clinical evaluation of reasons for replacement of amalgam restorations in patients referring to a dental school in iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluated the most common reasons for replacing amalgam restorations in a university clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 217 restorations which needed to be replaced were clinically and radiographically evaluated in a period of 4 months. The frequencies of reasons for replacing amalgam restorations were calculated: The assessed items included recurrent caries, tooth structure fracture (functional or non-functional cusps), amalgam bulk fracture, amalgam marginal fracture, proximal overhangs, and esthetics. Data were analyzed using Fischer's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both in vital teeth and teeth which had undergone root canal therapy, the most common reason for amalgam replacement was cusp fracture, with the fracture of non-functional cusps being statistically significant. Recurrent caries was the second most common reason for amalgam replacement. In Class I restorations, the most common reasons were recurrent caries and esthetics, with no statistical significance. The most frequent problem in Class II restorations was fracture of non-functional cusps, with a statistical significance in three-surface restorations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results, failing to reduce undermined cusps and neglectful caries removal are the reasons for majority of amalgam restoration replacements. These issues should be emphasized in the curriculum for dental students and continuing education courses.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Firoz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pouralibaba
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joulaei
authors.forename: Atabak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashefimehr
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pakdel
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jamali
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaeili