title: Methoxychlor induces atresia by altering Bcl2 factors and inducing caspase activity in mouse ovarian antral follicles in vitro.
abstract: Methoxychlor (MXC) is an organochlorine pesticide widely used in many countries against various species of insects that attack crops and domestic animals. MXC reduces fertility by increasing atresia (death) of antral follicles in vivo. MXC also induces atresia of antral follicles after 96 h in vitro. The current work tested the hypothesis that MXC induces morphological atresia at early time points (24 and 48 h) by altering pro-apoptotic (Bax, Bok, Casp3, and caspase activity) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl2 and Bcl-xL) factors in the follicles. The results indicate that at 24 h, MXC increased Bcl-xL and Bax mRNA levels and increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl2. At 48-96 h, MXC induced morphological atresia. At 24-96 h, MXC increased caspase activities. These data suggest that MXC may induce atresia by altering Bcl2 factors and inducing caspase activities in antral follicles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA. mbshivapur@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mallikarjuna S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Basavarajappa
authors.forename: Bethany N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Karman
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rupesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Jodi A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flaws
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005496:Follicular Atresia / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008731:Methoxychlor / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C494827:Bax protein, mouse; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D007306:Insecticides; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C052617:Bcl2 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D008731:Methoxychlor