title: Lion, ungulate, and visitor reactions to playbacks of lion roars at Zoo Atlanta.
abstract: Felids in captivity are often inactive and elusive in zoos, leading to a frustrating visitor experience. Eight roars were recorded from an adult male lion and played back over speakers as auditory enrichment to benefit the lions while simultaneously enhancing the zoo visitor experience. In addition, ungulates in an adjacent exhibit were observed to ensure that the novel location and increased frequency of roars did not lead to a stress or fear response. The male lion in this study roared more in the playback phase than in the baseline phases while not increasing any behaviors that would indicate compromised welfare. In addition, zoo visitors remained at the lion exhibit longer during playback. The nearby ungulates never exhibited any reactions stronger than orienting to playbacks, identical to their reactions to live roars. Therefore, naturalistic playbacks of lion roars are a potential form of auditory enrichment that leads to more instances of live lion roars and enhances the visitor experience without increasing the stress levels of nearby ungulates or the lion themselves, who might interpret the roar as that of an intruder.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of South Florida, 3433 Winter Lake Road, Lakeland, FL 33813, USA. akelling5@gmail.com
authors.forename: Angela S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kelling
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kelling
authors.forename: Estelle A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sandhaus
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Maple
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000523:psychology*; D000866:Antelopes / Q000523:psychology; D001188:Artiodactyla / Q000523:psychology; D018397:Equidae / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008045:Lions / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013637:Tape Recording; D014828:Vocalization, Animal