title: Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in pregnancy and infant neuropsychological development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D(3)] concentration in pregnancy is associated with neuropsychological development in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Spanish population-based cohort study INfancia y Medio Ambiente Project recruited pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy between November 2003 and February 2008. Completed data on 1820 mother-infant pairs were used. Maternal plasma 25(OH)D(3) concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in pregnancy (mean 13.5 ± 2.1 weeks of gestation). Offspring mental and psychomotor scores were assessed by trained psychologists at age 14 months (range, 11-23) by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. β-Coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mental and psychomotor scores associated with continuous or categorical concentrations of maternal plasma 25(OH)D(3) were calculated by using linear regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median plasma value of 25(OH)D(3) in pregnancy was 29.6 ng/mL (interquartile range, 21.8-37.3). A positive linear relationship was found between circulating concentrations of maternal 25(OH)D(3) concentrations in pregnancy and mental and psychomotor scores in the offspring. After adjustment for potential confounders, infants of mothers with 25(OH)D(3) concentrations in pregnancy >30 ng/mL showed higher mental score (β = 2.60; 95% CI 0.63-4.56) and higher psychomotor score (β = 2.32; 95% CI 0.36-4.28) in comparison with those of mothers with 25(OH)D(3) concentrations <20 ng/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher circulating concentration of maternal 25(OH)D(3) in pregnancy was associated with improved mental and psychomotor development in infants.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. emorales1@creal.cat
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guxens
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Llop
authors.forename: Clara L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Bernal
authors.forename: Adonina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tardón
authors.forename: Isolina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Riaño
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ibarluzea
authors.forename: Nerea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lertxundi
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espada
authors.forename: Agueda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunyer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency; D002657:Child Development; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002112:Calcifediol