title: Are there risk factors for acute renal failure in adult patients using deoxycholate amphotericin B?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deoxycholate amphotericin B (DAB) is a nephrotoxic drug and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is high.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of AKI in patients under DAB therapy and determine risk factor to predict the AKI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of this retrospective study included previously hospitalized patients treated with intravenous DAB for at least five days. Clinical and laboratorial data were evaluated and AKI was classified in stages using Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. Univariated test followed by a multivariable analysis was performed to determine risk factor and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were calculated to evaluate the role of AKI in the outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred six patients were included in the final analysis. AKI occurred in 51.9% and dialysis was necessary in 4.7%. The occurrence of AKI was not associated with any risk factor. The mortality of the patients was neither associated with AKI nor with dialysis. Other nephrotoxic drugs were not risk factors for AKI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of AKI in patients using DAB is high and we cannot predict the chance of AKI using clinical or laboratorial data.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. flptuon@gmail.com
authors.forename: Felipe F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Tuon
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jacometto
authors.forename: Jaime L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D019338:Polypharmacy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D000666:Amphotericin B; C059765:amphotericin B, deoxycholate drug combination