title: Modelling the cost-effectiveness of alcohol screening and brief interventions in primary care in England.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the cost-effectiveness and resourcing implications of universal alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI) programmes in primary care in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a health economic model, combining evidence of the effectiveness and health care resource requirements of SBI activities with existing epidemiological modelling of the relationship between alcohol consumption and health harms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening patients on registration with a family doctor would steadily capture ~40% of the population over a 10-year programme; screening patients at next primary care consultation would capture 96% of the population over the same period, but with high resourcing needs in the first year. The registration approach, delivered by a practice nurse, provides modest cost savings to the health care system of £120 m over 30 years. Health gains over the same period amount to 32,000 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). This SBI programme still appears cost-effective (at £6900 per QALY gained) compared with no programme, under pessimistic effectiveness assumptions. Switching to a consultation approach, delivered by a doctor, would incur an incremental net cost of £108 m, with incremental health gains equivalent to 92,000 QALYs, giving an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £1175 per QALY gained compared with current practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A universal programme of alcohol SBI in primary care is estimated to be cost-effective, under all but the most pessimistic assumptions for programme costs and effectiveness. Policymakers should ensure that SBI programmes are routinely evaluated and followed up, given the substantial uncertainty over the effects of many of the implementation details.
authors.affiliation: Department of Automatic Control & Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK. r.purshouse@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Robin C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Purshouse
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rafia
authors.forename: Nicholas R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Latimer
authors.forename: Rachel J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Colin R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Angus
authors.forename: Louise R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: Petra S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Meier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D061345:Early Medical Intervention / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D018803:Models, Economic; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult