title: Operative technique of two parallel compression screws and autologous bone graft for ankle arthrodesis after failed total ankle replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of failed total ankle replacement (TAR) depends on the primary indication, presence of infection, condition of adjacent joints, and available bone stock. In addition, the patient's expectations, age, and general health should also be taken into account.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article describes a technique of arthrodesis in failed TAR with two parallel screws inserted in opposite directions and autologous cancellous bone graft. Four patients were managed using this technique. The subtalar joint and both malleoli were preserved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average time for radiological union was 14.8 weeks. There were no hardware-related complications or infections. One patient developed subsequent subtalar arthritis and is waiting for subtalar joint fusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this small series of patients suggest that arthrodesis following failed total ankle replacement with two parallel screws and bone graft may be an effective technique.
authors.affiliation: Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, HU3 2JZ, UK. shahjehan200@googlemail.com
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jehan
authors.forename: Simon O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods*; D058737:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Ankle; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D017211:Treatment Failure