title: Romidepsin (FK228) combined with cisplatin stimulates DNA damage-induced cell death in ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Romidepsin (FK228) was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of cutaneous and peripheral T cell lymphoma. We have shown in vitro efficacy of FK228 in ovarian cancer. Here, our goal was to evaluate FK228 combined with cisplatin in ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with cisplatin, FK228 or the combination of drugs. Colorimetric assays were used to determine cytotoxicity in vitro. Mice engrafted with 5×10(6) SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells were treated with cisplatin, FK228 or the combination, and tumor weights and volumes were measured. We assessed molecular markers of proliferation (mib-1), apoptosis (cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3) and DNA damage (pH2AX, RAD51 and 53BP1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  FK228 enhanced the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin in ovarian cells compared to vehicle-treated controls or each drug alone. The combination of FK228 and cisplatin-induced apoptosis and activated aberrant DNA damage responses demonstrated by increased expression of pH2AX, RAD51 and 53BP1. Mice treated with FK228, cisplatin and both drugs showed reduced tumor weights and volumes. Drug-treated tumors showed decreased mib-1 and increased cleaved-caspase 3 expression levels. The number and intensity of pH2AX stained cells was greatest in tumors exposed to the combination of FK228 and cisplatin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FK228 causes DNA damage-induced apoptosis and enhances the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin. The DNA damage mark pH2AX is activated by FK228 and cisplatin and may be a useful pharmacodynamic mark of these effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Anum S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lalani
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wass
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saskowski
authors.forename: Dineo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khabele
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides; C087123:romidepsin; D002945:Cisplatin