title: A smaller endotracheal tube combined with intravenous lidocaine decreases post-operative sore throat - a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-operative sore throat (POST) has increasingly been a common clinical complication particularly in thyroid surgery. We conducted a trial to evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological [smaller-sized endotracheal tube (ETT)] combined with pharmacological intervention [lidocaine intravenous (i.v.)] on POST in women undergoing thyroid surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and forty patients scheduled for thyroid surgery were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, ETT size 7.0 with saline; Group B, ETT size 6.0 with saline; Group C, ETT size 7.0 with lidocaine; Group D, ETT size 6.0 with lidocaine. Patients in Groups C and D received i.v. 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine that was filled in syringe up to 10 ml 5 min before induction of anaesthesia; whereas patients in Groups A and B received an equal volume of saline. The incidence and severity of POST were evaluated at 1, 6 and 24 h after tracheal extubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest incidence of POST occurred at 6 h after extubation in all groups. The incidence of POST was significantly lower in Group D compared with Groups A (23% vs. 62%, P < 0.01), B (23% vs. 42%, P = 0.03) and C (23% vs. 43%, P = 0.02) at 6 h after extubation. Group D had significantly decreased severity of POST compared with Groups A, B and C 6 and 24 h after extubation (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of smaller-sized ETT combined with i.v. lidocaine decreases the incidence and severity of POST in women undergoing thyroid surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine