title: Microemulsion-based oxyresveratrol for topical treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection: physicochemical properties and efficacy in cutaneous HSV-1 infection in mice.
abstract: The physicochemical properties of the optimized microemulsion and the permeating ability of oxyresveratrol in microemulsion were evaluated, and the efficacy of oxyresveratrol microemulsion in cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in mice was examined. The optimized microemulsion was composed of 10% w/w of isopropyl myristate, 35% w/w of Tween 80, 35% w/w of isopropyl alcohol, and 20% w/w of water. The mean particle diameter was 9.67 ± 0.58 nm, and the solubility of oxyresveratrol in the microemulsion was 196.34 ± 0.80 mg/ml. After accelerated and long-term stability testing, the microemulsion base and oxyresveratrol-loaded microemulsion were stable. The cumulative amount of oxyresveratrol permeating through shed snake skin from microemulsion at 6 h was 93.04 times compared to that of oxyresveratrol from Vaseline, determined at 20% w/w concentration. In cutaneous HSV-1 infection in mice, oxyresveratrol microemulsion at 20%, 25%, and 30% w/w, topically applied five times daily for 7 days after infection, was significantly effective in delaying the development of skin lesions and protecting from death (p < 0.05) compared with the untreated control. Oxyresveratrol microemulsion at 25% and 30% w/w was significantly more effective than that of 30% w/w of oxyresveratrol in Vaseline (p < 0.05) and was as effective as 5% w/w of acyclovir cream, topically applied five times daily (p > 0.05). These results demonstrated that topical oxyresveratrol microemulsion at 20-30% w/w was suitable for cutaneous HSV-1 mouse infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pattaraporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sasivimolphan
authors.forename: Vimolmas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lipipun
authors.forename: Garnpimol
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ritthidej
authors.forename: Khanidtha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chitphet
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Daikoku
authors.forename: Boonchoo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sritularak
authors.forename: Kittisak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Likhitwitayawuid
authors.forename: Pornpen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pramyothin
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Kimiyasu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraki
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability; D010577:Petrolatum / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D063465:Skin Cream / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D017193:Skin Diseases, Viral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D012911:Snakes / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013267:Stilbenes; C034912:puag-haad; D010577:Petrolatum; D000212:Acyclovir