title: Serum anti-müllerian hormone levels in healthy females: a nomogram ranging from infancy to adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is an accurate marker of ovarian reserve. However, sufficiently large sets of normative data from infancy to the end of reproductive life are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was an assessment of serum AMH levels in healthy females.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 804 healthy females ranging from infancy until the end of the reproductive period, serum AMH levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunometric assay. All adults had regular menstrual cycles. The majority was proven fertile and none of them had used oral contraceptive pills prior to study inclusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the total cohort, AMH was inversely correlated with age (r = -0.24; P < 0.001). The age at which the maximum AMH value was attained was at 15.8 yr. In girls younger than 15.8 yr, serum AMH and age were positively correlated (r = +0.18; P = 0.007). Thereafter AMH levels remained stable (r = -0.33; P = 0.66), whereas from the age of 25.0 yr onward, an inverse correlation between AMH and age (r = -0.47; P < 0.001) was observed. At any given age, considerable interindividual differences in serum AMH levels were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During infancy AMH levels increase, whereas during adolescence, a plateau until the age of 25 yr was observed. From the age of 25 yr onward, serum AMH levels correlate inversely with age, implying that AMH is applicable as a marker of ovarian reserve only in women of 25 yr old and older. Our nomogram may facilitate counseling women on their reproductive potential.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.liefong@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lie Fong
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Welt
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: de Rijke
authors.forename: M J C
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Eijkemans
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Broekmans
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Roes
authors.forename: W H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: A C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hokken-Koelega
authors.forename: B C J M
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Fauser
authors.forename: A P N
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Themmen
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.forename: J S E
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Laven
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003940:Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine / Q000592:standards; D003944:Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D049451:Nomograms; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone