title: Parallel Markov chain Monte Carlo - bridging the gap to high-performance Bayesian computation in animal breeding and genetics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most Bayesian models for the analysis of complex traits are not analytically tractable and inferences are based on computationally intensive techniques. This is true of Bayesian models for genome-enabled selection, which uses whole-genome molecular data to predict the genetic merit of candidate animals for breeding purposes. In this regard, parallel computing can overcome the bottlenecks that can arise from series computing. Hence, a major goal of the present study is to bridge the gap to high-performance Bayesian computation in the context of animal breeding and genetics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parallel Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithms and strategies are described in the context of animal breeding and genetics. Parallel Monte Carlo algorithms are introduced as a starting point including their applications to computing single-parameter and certain multiple-parameter models. Then, two basic approaches for parallel Markov chain Monte Carlo are described: one aims at parallelization within a single chain; the other is based on running multiple chains, yet some variants are discussed as well. Features and strategies of the parallel Markov chain Monte Carlo are illustrated using real data, including a large beef cattle dataset with 50K SNP genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parallel Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms are useful for computing complex Bayesian models, which does not only lead to a dramatic speedup in computing but can also be used to optimize model parameters in complex Bayesian models. Hence, we anticipate that use of parallel Markov chain Monte Carlo will have a profound impact on revolutionizing the computational tools for genomic selection programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. nick.wu@ansci.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Xiao-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chuanyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Beissinger
authors.forename: Guilherme Jm
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Kent A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: Natalia de Leon
authors.initials: Nde L
authors.lastname: Gatti
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gianola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000235:genetics*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods*; D008390:Markov Chains; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009010:Monte Carlo Method