title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes for EGF, TGF-β and TNF-α in patients with pancreatic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-61(*)A/G, Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-B1) - 509(*)T/C and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-A) -308(*)A/G are associated with the survival rate after pancreatic cancer surgery and with the frequency of post-operative complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  EGF 61(*)A/G, TGF-B1-509(*)T/C and TNF-A-308(*)A/G genotypes were analyzed in patients who underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduonectomy for pancreatic carcinoma and were determined by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The association of each genetic polymorphism with clinical and pathological data of the patients and early tumor recurrence were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly lower median survival duration was found in EGF 61(*)AA homozygotes, as compared to the AG heterozygous group. There was also a significantly lower median survival duration in the TNF-A-308(*) AA homozygote group as compared to the AG and GG groups. Survival duration in patients had no correlation with TGF-B1 -509(*)T/C polymorphism. There was a significantly lower median survival duration in the TNF-A -308(*) AA homozygous group, as compared to the AG and GG group in a Cox proportional hazard model. The frequency of the TGF-B1 T-allele was higher among patients with leakage of the pancreatic anastomosis. The frequency of the TGF-B1 TC genotype was significantly higher among patients who developed leakage of the biliodigestive anastomosis as compared with the TGF-B1 CC genotype. The frequency of TGF-B1 T-carriers (i.e. TT+TC) was significantly higher among patients with leakage of the biliodigestive anastomosis, as compared to these with the TGF-B1 CC genotype. In a Cox proportional hazard model, only wound infection had a significant correlation with long-term survival duration of patients with pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There appears to be a significant correlation of the EGF-61(*) AA and of the TNF-A -308(*) AA polymorphism with lower survival duration in patients with resectable pancreatic carcinoma. The presence of wound infection was associated with poor prognosis. TGF-B1-509(*) T-carrying genotypes were more frequent in paitents with severe post-operative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guoyang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herrle
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niedergethmann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keese
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D057868:Anastomotic Leak / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor