title: Are we aware of microbial hotspots in our household?
abstract: Household microorganisms are found in unexpected places. Therefore, the authors conducted a study to investigate the microbial hotspots and reveal the misconceptions regarding the most contaminated objects in the household. In the authors' study, 26 daily use objects in 22 households were sampled to determine the levels of heterotrophic plate count (HPC), coliforms, E. coli, yeast and mold, and Staphylococcus aureus. High microbial concentration was found in the kitchen area and the dish sponge was the most contaminated item in the household, followed by the toothbrush holder. Coliforms were most prevalent in the kitchen on items such as sponges, sinks, and cutting boards. Yeast and molds were found on leather, fabric, porcelain, and laminate, and S. aureus was found on personal objects and pet's items. Overall, HPC and the presence of coliforms were significantly related to surface type (p < .05). In the kitchen, cleaning frequency (p < .03) and type of cleaning (p < .0003) had significant effects on HPC. The authors' study provides information that will help the general population to make an educated decision in developing a proper and routine cleaning regime in their homes. This baseline data might contribute to designing appropriate sanitation guidelines or standards that will help to implement proper sanitation practices in households and to conducting further research in the area of foodborne and household communicable diseases.
authors.affiliation: NSF International, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Donofrio
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bechanko
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hitt
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Charnauski
authors.forename: Lorelle L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bestervelt
authors.forename: Nabaneeta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Ratul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saha
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006794:Household Articles; D006796:Household Work; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008824:Michigan