title: Bleeding disorders, menorrhagia and iron deficiency: impacts on health-related quality of life.
abstract: von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a bleeding disorder that occurs in up to 1% of the general population. The great majority of females with VWD experience menorrhagia. The morbidity burden in females with VWD may relate to iron deficiency resulting from menorrhagia. To explore relationships between bleeding disorders, menorrhagia, iron deficiency and the outcomes of health-related quality of life (HRQL) and educational attainment. All subjects with VWD, and females with other bleeding disorders, in the Canadian national registry who were more than 12 years of age were eligible for survey. Survey measures included the HEALTH UTILITIES INDEX(®); abridged Clinical History Assessment Tool; socio-demographic questions and serum ferritin. Statistical analyses included testing differences among groups of means using analysis of variance and of proportions using chi-squared test. Significant size differences in mean HRQL scores were detected between VWD females and both females with other bleeding disorders [diff = (-0.08); P = 0.017] and VWD males [diff = (-0.07); P = 0.039]. Mean HRQL scores differed between females with and without menorrhagia (P < 0.001). Mean HRQL scores were not significantly different between females with and without iron deficiency. Educational attainment was not associated with disease group, menorrhagia status or iron status. Females with VWD have a greater morbidity burden than females in the general population, females with other bleeding disorders and males with VWD. Menorrhagia is associated with low HRQL scores in females with bleeding disorders, including VWD. Further investigation should assess how menorrhagia impacts HRQL in females with bleeding disorders.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rae
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Furlong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horsman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pullenayegum
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: St-Louis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lillicrap
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult; D014842:von Willebrand Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron