title: Retinoids and breast cancer: new clues to increase their activity and selectivity.
abstract: All-trans retinoic acid and derivatives (retinoids) are promising agents in the management of certain hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, including breast cancer. Retinoids are endowed with anti-proliferative, cyto-differentiating and apoptotic effects that are largely mediated by activation of the nuclear hormone retinoic acid receptors RARα, RARβ and RARγ. These are ligand-dependent transcriptional factors controlling the expression of numerous genes. The relative importance of each receptor subtype for the anti-tumor activity of retinoids is largely unknown. Clarification of this point is of fundamental importance for the rational design of retinoid-based therapeutic approaches aimed at controlling a heterogeneous type of tumors, like breast cancer.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garattini
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paroni
authors.forename: Mineko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terao
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012176:Retinoids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012176:Retinoids