title: Cognitive and affective dimensions of difficulties in emotional functioning in somatoform disorders and borderline personality disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study difficulties in emotional functioning in two mental disorders that have been associated with difficulties in identifying and modulating emotions: borderline personality disorder (BPD) and somatoform disorder (SoD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 472 psychiatric inpatients, difficulties in emotional functioning were measured using the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Profiles of difficulties in emotional functioning were identified, suggesting that patients diagnosed with BPD with or without SoD were more likely to report difficulty identifying emotions and less likely to report reduced ability to fantasize or 'pensée opératoire' (externally oriented thinking) than patients diagnosed with SoD only and patients with mixed anxiety and affective disorders. SoD patients were more likely to report reduced ability to phantasize or pensée opératoire than difficulty identifying emotions. Patients with mixed anxiety and affective disorders were more likely to report reduced ability to experience emotions than patients diagnosed with BPD and/or SoD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By using a finer-grained perspective on difficulties in emotional functioning some evidence was found for the existence of cognitive-emotional profiles that may provide more clinically relevant information than alexithymia as just a unitary construct. Further research on cognitive-emotional profiles of difficulties in emotional functioning is needed to advance the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
authors.affiliation: Delta Psychiatric Hospital, Poortugaal, The Netherlands. a.van.dijke@deltapsy.nl
authors.forename: Annemiek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Dijke
authors.forename: Onno
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: van der Hart
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Son
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bühring
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
authors.forename: Julian D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013850:Thinking