title: A polysaccharide isolated from Pueraria lobata enhances maturation of murine dendritic cells.
abstract: Maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) is a critical factor for initiating the immune response. However, DC maturation is usually attenuated in the tumor microenvironment, which is an important immunological problem in DC-based immunotherapy against cancer. Here, we report the effect of a polysaccharide (PLP) isolated from Pueraria lobata on phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs. Phenotypic maturation was demonstrated by increased expression of CD40, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex I/II. PLP induced functional maturation of DCs, as shown by increased production of interleukin (IL)-12, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, decreased antigen capture capacity, and enhanced allogenic T cell stimulation. In addition, PLP activated DCs generated from C3H/HeN mice with normal TLR4, but not DCs from C3H/HeJ mice with mutated TLR4, suggesting that the TLR4 is a membrane receptor of PLP. We showed that PLP increased ERK, JNK, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-kappaB p65 subunit, which are signaling molecules downstream of TLR4. These results indicate that PLP induced DC maturation through TLR4 signaling.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bo Ram
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hong Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeon Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi Kyeong
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Youngsoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029908:Pueraria / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D019013:CD40 Antigens; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D011134:Polysaccharides; C498144:Rela protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases