title: Swedish dairy farmers' perceptions of animal-related injuries.
abstract: Animal-related injuries are among the most common occupational injuries in agriculture. Despite the large number of documented animal-related injuries in dairy farming, the issue has received relatively limited attention in the scientific literature. The farmers' own perspectives and views on risks and safety during livestock handling and what they think are effective ways of preventing injuries are valuable for the future design of effective interventions. This paper presents results from a qualitative study with the aim to investigate Swedish dairy farmers' own experience of animal-related occupational injuries, as well as their perceptions of and attitudes towards them, including risk and safety issues, and prevention measures. A total of 12 dairy farmers with loose housing systems participated in the study. Data collection was conducted by means of semistructured in-depth interviews. Three main themes with an impact on risks and safety when handling cattle were identified: the handler, the cattle, and the facilities. They all interact with each other, influencing the potential risks of any work task. Most of the farmers believed that a majority of the injuries can be prevented, but there are always some incidents that are impossible to foresee. In conclusion, this study indicates that Swedish dairy farmers are aware of the dangers from working with cattle. However, even though safety is acknowledged by the farmers as an important and relevant issue, in the end safety is often forgotten or not prioritized. One concern is that farmers are willing to take calculated risks to save money or time. In situations where they work alone with high stress levels and under economic distress, safety issues are easily given low priority.
authors.affiliation: Department of Work Science, Business Economics and Environmental Psychology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden. cecilia.lindahl@slu.se
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: Annika Lindahl
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Norberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001290:Attitude; D001364:Awareness; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D010465:Perception; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden