title: Emergency transcatheter arterial embolization for patients with acute massive duodenal ulcer hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of emergency transcatheter arterial embolization (ETAE) for patients with acute massive duodenal ulcer hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine consecutive patients with acute massive bleeding of duodenal ulcer were admitted to our hospital from 2006 to 2011. Superselective angiography of the celiac and gastroduodenal arteries was performed to find out the bleeding sites before ETAE, then, embolotherapy was done with gelatin sponge particles or microstrips via a 5 French angiographic catheter or 3 French microcatheter. After ETAE, further superior mesenteric arteriography was undertaken in case collateral circulation supplied areas of the duodenal ulcer. Technical and clinical success rates were analyzed. Changes in the mucous membrane were observed using endoscopy following ETAE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiography showed active bleeding with extravasation of contrast medium in seven cases with a 24% positive rate of celiac artery bleeding, and in 19 cases with a 65.5% rate of gastroduodenal artery bleeding. There were no angiographic signs of bleeding in three patients who underwent endoscopy prior to ETAE. Twenty-six patients achieved immediate hemostasis and technical success rate reached 90%. No hemostasis was observed in 27 patients within 30 d after ETAE and clinical success rate was 93%. Recurrent hemorrhage occurred in two patients who drank a lot of wine who were treated by a second embolotherapy in the same way. Five patients underwent transient ischem with light abdominal pain under xiphoid, spontaneous restoration without special treatment. No mucous necrosis happened to 29 cases for ischem of gastroduodenal arteries embolized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ETAE is an effective and safe measure to control acute massive bleeding of duodenal ulcer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Fengxian Branch Hospital of Affiliated 6th People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201400, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Li-Zhen
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhong-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Kun-Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies