title: Heart rate as a therapeutic target in angina pectoris.
abstract: Heart rate is a major determinant of cardiac output and myocardial oxygen utilization and is increasingly being nominated as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite this evidence, screening strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases do not include routine assessment of resting heart rate. Reasonably, heart rate reduction has been suggested as a useful approach against angina pectoris in subjects with acute or chronic coronary syndromes. Accordingly, reduction of heart rate in patients with stable angina could be an additional goal of therapy. Important data have shown retrospectively the beneficial effect of heart rate-lowering drugs, such as betaadrenoceptor antagonists, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists, as well as other agents, on several parameters in patients with coronary artery disease and stable angina. However, additional data are now being sought to assess the impact of this approach on clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Greece.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Androulakis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tousoulis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kontogeorgou
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briasoulis
authors.forename: Marietta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charakida
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siasos
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oikonomou
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siama
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Latsios
authors.forename: Christodoulos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male