title: Few genes are associated with the capability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma             cells to grow in the liver of nude rats.
abstract: Owing to aggressiveness and chemoresistance, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma             (PDAC) is characterised by a poor prognosis. To address this disease-spe-cific             dilemma we aimed to establish animal models, which can be used for identifying             new specific tumor markers, as well as serving as tools for potential therapeutic             approaches. From a panel of sixteen pancreatic cancer cell lines, two human (Suit2-007             and Suit2-013) and a rat (ASML) cell line were selected for their properties to             grow in the liver of male RNU rats and mimic liver metastasis of PDAC. For better             monitoring of metastatic tumor growth in vivo, all three pancreatic cancer cell             lines were stably transfected with eGFP and luciferase marker genes. In addition,             the mRNA expression profile of 13 human PDAC cell lines was analyzed by BeadChip             array analysis. Only 33 genes and 5 signaling pathways were identified as significantly             associated with the ability of the cell lines to grow initially and/or consistently             in rat liver. Only a minority of these genes (osteopontin, matrix metalloproteinase-1             and insulin-like growth factor 1) has been intensively studied and shown to be             closely related to cancer progression. The function of the remaining 30 genes             ranges from moderate to poorly investigated, and their function in cancer progression             is still unclear. The ensuing three pancreatic cancer liver metastasis models             vary in their aggressiveness and macroscopic growth. They will be used for preclinical             evaluation of new therapeutic approaches aiming at the genes identified.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, G401, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ergül
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eyol
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murtaga
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhivkova-Galunska
authors.forename: Rania
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Georges
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zepp
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Djandji
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleeff
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adwan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D000818:Animals; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008156:Luciferases