title: Mechanical properties of isolated loops of nylon leader material, polyethylene cord, and polyethylene tape and mechanical properties of those materials secured to cadaveric canine femurs via lateral femoral fabellae, toggles placed through bone tunnels, or bone anchors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine mechanical properties of various prosthetic materials secured to cadaveric canine femurs via various methods and to compare results with those for isolated loops of prosthetic material.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 femurs obtained from cadavers of skeletally mature large-breed dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 femoral constructs in each of 8 groups (single circumfabellar loop of polyethylene cord, double loop of polyethylene tape secured via a bone anchor [BAPT], single or double circumfabellar loops of nylon leader material [CNL] or polyethylene tape [CPT], or single or double loops of polyethylene tape secured via a toggle placed through a bone tunnel [BTPT]) and 10 isolated loops of prosthetic material in each corresponding configuration were tested. Stress relaxation, creep, elongation, load at 3 mm of displacement, stiffness, and peak load at failure were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5 single CNL constructs failed before completion of testing. Double CNL and single circumfabellar polyethylene cord constructs had the lowest loads at 3 mm of displacement. Single and double CPT constructs had the highest stiffness. Double BTPT and CPT constructs had the highest peak loads at failure. Double BTPT, double CPT, and BAPT constructs were mechanically superior on the basis of lower creep and stress relaxation and higher stiffness and load at 3 mm of displacement versus other constructs. Stiffness of femoral constructs was 28% to 69% that of corresponding isolated prosthetic loops.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double BTPT, double CPT, and BAPT constructs were mechanically superior to other constucts. Mechanical properties and methods of anchorage and securing of free ends of prostheses contributed to mechanical properties of constructs.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Orthopaedics Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Christina J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Choate
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.forename: Daniel D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Caleb C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Bryan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Conrad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001864:Bone Wires / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary; D002102:Cadaver; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000662:veterinary; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D007595:Joint Prosthesis / Q000662:veterinary; D013264:Stifle / Q000601:surgery*; D053831:Surgical Fixation Devices / Q000662:veterinary*; D053832:Surgical Tape / Q000662:veterinary; D053441:Suture Anchors / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary; D013718:Tensile Strength