title: The effect of empowerment on the self-efficacy, quality of life and clinical and laboratory indicators of patients treated with hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemodialysis patients face numerous physical and psychological stresses that result in reduced health. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of an empowerment program on self-efficacy, quality of life, clinical indicators of blood pressure and interdialytic weight gain, and laboratory results in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, controlled trial was conducted at Boo Ali Sina Dialysis Center, Shiraz, Iran. A total of 48 hemodialysis patients participated in this study. After acquisition of informed consent, eligible patients were randomly divided into two groups, control and experimental. Pre-test data were obtained by using a demographic data form and two questionnaires for self-efficacy and quality of life. Blood pressure and interdialytic weight gain were measured. We extracted laboratory data from patients' charts. A six-week empowerment intervention that included four individual and two group counselling sessions was performed for the experimental group. Six weeks after intervention, post-test data were obtained from both groups in the same manner as the pre-test. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA using SPSS v11.5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in demographic variables between the groups. Pre-test mean scores for self-efficacy, quality of life, blood pressure, interdialytic weight gain and laboratory results did not differ between the groups. There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of pre-to post-intervention changes in overall self-efficacy scores, stress reduction, and decision making, in addition to overall quality of life and all dimensions included within quality of life based on this questionnaire. Additionally, the pre- to post-intervention changes in systolic/diastolic blood pressures, interdialytic weight gain, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels significantly differed between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that a combination of individual and group empowerment counselling sessions improves self-efficacy, quality of life, clinical signs, and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in hemodialysis patients. Empowerment of hemodialysis patients should be considered in hemodialysis centers to assist patients with the management of their health-related problems.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Irct ID: IRCT138901172621N4.
authors.affiliation: Fatemeh (pbuh) School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Zand Blvd, P,O, Box 71345-1359, Shiraz, 71936-13119, Iran. moattarm@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moattari
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rouzbeh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D062072:Patient Acuity; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult