title: Biodegradation of benzene homologues in contaminated sediment of the East China Sea.
abstract: This study focused on acclimating a microbial enrichment to biodegrade benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in a wide range of salinity. The enrichment degraded 120 mg/L toluene within 5d in the presence of 2M NaCl or 150 mg/L toluene within 7d in the presence of 1-1.5M NaCl. PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis) profiles demonstrated the dominant species in the enrichments distributed between five main phyla: Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteriia, Prolixibacter, Flavobacteriia and Firmicutes. The Marinobacter, Prolixibacter, Balneola, Zunongwangia, Halobacillus were the dominant genus. PCR detection of genotypes involved in bacterial BETX degradation revealed that the degradation pathways contained all the known initial oxidative attack of BTEX by monooxygenase and dioxygenase. And the subsequent ring fission was catalysed by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy profiles showed that the bacterial consortium adjusted the osmotic pressure by ectoine and hydroxyectoine as compatible solutes to acclimate the different salinity conditions.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xing-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Kuang-Fei
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yong-Di
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ji-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Shu-Guang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001554:Benzene / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D017931:DNA Primers; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001554:Benzene