title: Hyperediting of human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 and simian T-cell leukemia virus type 3 by the dsRNA adenosine deaminase ADAR-1.
abstract: RNA editing mediated by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) converts adenosine (A) to inosine (I) residues in dsRNA templates. While ADAR-1-mediated editing was essentially described for RNA viruses, the present work addresses the issue for two δ-retroviruses, human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 and simian T-cell leukemia virus type 3 (HTLV-2 and STLV-3). We examined whether ADAR-1 could edit HTLV-2 and STLV-3 virus genomes in cell culture and in vivo. Using a highly sensitive PCR-based method, referred to as 3DI-PCR, we showed that ADAR-1 could hypermutate adenosine residues in HTLV-2. STLV-3 hypermutation was obtained without using 3DI-PCR, suggesting a higher mutation frequency for this virus. Detailed analysis of the dinucleotide editing context showed preferences for 5' ArA and 5' UrA. In conclusion, the present observations demonstrate that ADAR-1 massively edits HTLV-2 and STLV-3 retroviruses in vitro, but probably remains a rare phenomenon in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 3015, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Nga Ling
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 3015, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Birlouez
authors.affiliation: Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 3015, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wain-Hobson
authors.affiliation: Retroviral Oncogenesis, U758 Human virology, ENS Lyon, UMS3444/US8 Biosciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 46 allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France.|Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 3015, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahieux
authors.affiliation: Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 3015, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vartanian
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000737:chemistry; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016679:Genome, Viral; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D015367:Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017393:RNA Editing / Q000502:physiology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D056185:Simian T-lymphotropic virus 3 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C567955:ADARB1 protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D000241:Adenosine