title: Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical factors related to balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration, including the preparation needed, the technique and challenges, and the outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the procedure can be performed when transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is contraindicated or when endoscopic management fails, balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration is successful as a first-line or second-line therapy. Gastric variceal rebleeding rates are low and serious complications are rare. Randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate the superiority of this procedure over other methods of treating gastric varices and to determine which sclerosant should be used. In the near future, this procedure may play a larger role in emergency care and in the management of nongastric varices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Amish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fischman
authors.forename: Wael E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Saad
mesh_terms: D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012008:Recurrence; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012981:Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014747:Vinblastine
chemical_list: D009829:Oleic Acids; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D014747:Vinblastine; D012981:Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate; C033343:ethanolamine oleate