title: First report of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in peafowls in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite infecting almost all warm-blooded animals, including birds, with a worldwide distribution. Surveys of T. gondii infection in wild birds have been reported extensively in the world, but little is known of T. gondii infection in peafowls worldwide. This study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in peafowls in Yunnan Province, southwestern China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera from 277 peafowls, including 272 blue peafowls (Pavo cristatus) and 5 green peafowls (Pavo muticus) originated from two geographic areas in Yunnan Province were assayed for T. gondii antibodies using the modified agglutination test (MAT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific T. gondii antibodies were detected in 35 of 277 (12.64%) peafowls (MAT titer ≥ 1:5). Seropositive birds were found in both species, 33 in 272 blue peafowls and 2 in 5 green peafowls. There was no significant difference in T. gondii seroprevalence between the adolescent birds (6.74%) and the adult birds (6.67%) (P > 0.05). The geographical origins of peafowls was found to be highly associated with T. gondii infection in the present study, a statistically significant difference in T. gondii seropositivity was observed between peafowls from Kunming (31.08%) and those from Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (5.91%) (OR = 10.956, 95% CI = 1.632-73.545, P = 0.014). Statistical analyses showed that there were no significant interactions between ages and geographical origins of peafowls (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present survey indicated that infection of peafowls with T. gondii is widespread in Yunnan Province, which has significant public health concerns and implications for prevention and control of toxoplamosis in this province. To our knowledge, this is the first seroprevalence report of T. gondii infection in China's southwestern Yunnan Province.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Fei-Yan
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Si-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zu-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Dong-Hui
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jian-Fa
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ya-Biao
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Xing-Quan
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Feng-Cai
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D046094:Galliformes; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan