title: The hypoxic placenta.
abstract: Hypoxia of the placenta is integral to complications of pregnancy, including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and small-for-gestational age babies. Hypoxia in the placenta is associated with vascular remodeling, hypertension, metabolic changes, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticular stress. Hypoxia induces similar outcomes in other organs such as the lungs, kidney, and gut. Comparing and contrasting the effects of hypoxia on placental functions and functions of lung, kidney, and gut can lead to novel hypotheses and investigations, furthering our understanding of the impact of hypoxia on these diverse yet similar organs. In this review, we compare and contrast hypoxic placental responses to those in the other organ and cell systems.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. marthatissot@me.com
authors.forename: Martha C Tissot
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van Patot
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ebensperger
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gassmann
authors.forename: Aníbal J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Llanos
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000531:Altitude; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000196:embryology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen; D010313:Partial Pressure; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D004921:Erythropoietin; D010100:Oxygen