title: Methods for direct and indirect antisperm antibody testing.
abstract: Antisperm antibodies (ASA) are one well-known cause of refractory infertility in both males and females. In females, a sperm immobilization test, which detects sperm-immobilizing antibodies indirectly in the patient's serum, requires complement for the reaction and thus seems to be a more specific immunological reaction. In males, an immunobead test or a mixed antiglobulin reaction test, which detects ASA directly on the sperm surface, is a screening test because of the nonspecific reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, and Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. sibahara@jichi.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibahara
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koriyama
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000276:immunology; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013073:Sperm Agglutination / Q000276:immunology; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000276:immunology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies