title: Clinical and radiologic features of fungal diseases of the paranasal sinuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the clinical and imaging characteristics of fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Imaging studies of 28 patients with FRS were retrospectively analyzed, considering the type of fungal disease, location, signal characteristics, bone changes, expansion, and extrasinus extension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute invasive FRS showed unilateral pacifications of the sinonasal cavity, perisinus fat infiltration and/or bone destruction. Chronic invasive FRS demonstrated masslike hyperattenuating soft tissue, with bony destruction. The soft tissue changes were hypointense on T1 and markedly hypointense on T2-weighted images. In allergic FRS, hyperattenuating soft tissue causing paranasal expansion due to allergic mucin was observed on CT. Fungus ball presented as a hyperattenuating lesion with calcifications within a single sinus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The radiological features of each type of FRS are distinctive and should afford a specific diagnosis in the proper clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. ailica1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Ahmet Turan
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ilica
authors.forename: Mahmud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mossa-Basha
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maluf
authors.forename: Izlem
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izbudak
authors.forename: Nafi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aygun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media