title: Tissue factor regulates tumor angiogenesis of retinoblastoma via the             extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.
abstract: Retinoblastoma, a well-vascularized tumor that is dependent on a very robust             angiogenic response, is the most common intraocular malignancy in children. Tissue             factor (TF) is known to regulate tumor progression and in the present study we             demonstrated that TF regulates tumor angiogenesis of retinoblastoma. In an orthotopic             transplantation model of retinoblastoma, TF was selectively expressed in the proliferative             area of retinoblastoma including tumor vessels as well as tumor cells, where TF             expression was co-localized with endothelial cells of tumor vessels. TF expression             progressively increased with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)-induced proliferation             of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which was effectively inhibited             by blockade of the TF pathway by TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI). In addition, FGF-2-induced             angiogenic processes of migration and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells             were also effectively suppressed by TFPI, which would be mediated by inhibition             of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Therefore, further to our             previous report that TF is involved in tumor cell proliferation of retinoblastoma,             our current data suggest that blockade of the TF pathway by TFPI could effectively             inhibit tumor growth by suppressing tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis             at the same time.
authors.affiliation: Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Beom
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kyung Duk
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jin Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Hun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jeong Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D013925:Thromboplastin; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases