title: Increasing quantum degeneracy by heating a superfluid.
abstract: We consider a uniform superfluid confined in two compartments connected by a superleak and initially held at equal temperatures. If one of the two compartments is heated, a fraction of the superfluid will flow through the superleak. We show that, under certain thermodynamic conditions, the atoms flow from the hotter to the colder compartment, contrary to what happens in the fountain effect observed in superfluid helium. This flow causes quantum degeneracy to increase in the colder compartment. In superfluid helium, this novel thermomechanical effect takes place in the phonon regime of very low temperatures. In dilute quantum gases, it occurs at all temperatures below T(c). The increase in quantum degeneracy reachable through the adiabatic displacement of the wall separating the two compartments is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Papoular
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Pitaevskii
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stringari