title: Measurement of [Ca²⁺]i in whole cell suspensions using Fura-2.
abstract: Use of Fura-2 in whole cell suspensions to measure changes in intracellular Ca(2+) is probably one of the simplest, yet most widely used protocols described in this volume. Whole cell suspensions are loaded with Fura-2 and then placed into a cuvette-based fluorimetric system (measuring 510 nm emission at alternating 340/340 nm excitation). Cells can be stimulated with agonists and antagonists to enable temporal response profiling and concentration-response curves to be constructed. The protocol can be used for a wide range of cells including those transfected with Ca(2+)-signaling proteins, e.g., receptors and channels. Loading characteristics and the need for agents to retain loaded dye (e.g., probenecid) need to be determined empirically. Calibration of whole cell suspensions to convert the fluorescent signal into Ca(2+) is simply performed using Triton-X lysis (to determine R                 (max)) and EGTA chelation (to determine R                 (min)).
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Anish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hirst
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2