title: Are knee and foot orthopedic problems more disabling in the superobese?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aiming to ascertain whether frequency and severity of knee and foot problems were different between morbid obesity (MO) and superobesity (SO), a prospective clinical study was designed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bariatric candidates (N = 81, body mass index 40-81.3 kg/m(2), 43.2 % with SO) were submitted to knee and foot radiologic assessment, baropodometric footprint measurement, and the questionnaires Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Main outcome measures were imaging diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis and flatfoot, along with functional impact on activities of daily living estimated by the questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Knee osteoarthritis was radiologically diagnosed in 74.1 % (60/81), and the entire cohort suffered from flatfoot according to both footprint index and talar-first metatarsal radiographic angle; nevertheless, distribution was not different between SO and MO. However, WOMAC and FAOS scores were markedly worse in SO, affecting joint pain, stiffness, and general mobility. This is the first protocol of our knowledge to address foot and knee derangements in SO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional impairment was more severe in SO, despite a morphologic pattern similar to MO. Even though amelioration is probable with weight loss, long-term orthopedic assistance might be required in such circumstances.
authors.affiliation: S.J. Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faintuch
authors.forename: Sergio L A
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Brienze
authors.forename: Gilberto B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Isabela S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Sitta
authors.forename: Estevao L P
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Ines C B
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cecconello
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005413:Flatfoot / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015431:Weight Loss