title: A case of moderate liver enzyme elevation after acute acetaminophen overdose despite undetectable acetaminophen level and normal initial liver enzymes.
abstract: Liver function test (LFT) increase is an early sign of acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity. Typically, when an acute overdose patient is evaluated and has an initial undetectable APAP level and normal liver enzymes, the patient is not treated with N-acetylcysteine, and liver enzymes are not expected to increase later. We report a case of moderate LFT increase despite normal LFTs and an undetectable APAP level after delayed presentation of an APAP ingestion. A 22-year-old male with no medical history ingested 15-25 hydrocodone/APAP tablets (5 mg/500 mg). His suicide note and his bunkmate corroborated the overdose time. He arrived at the emergency department 16 hours after ingestion. At that time, his APAP level was <10 μg/mL, and his liver enzymes were normal [aspartate transaminase (AST) 31 U/L and alanine transaminase (ALT) 34 U/L]. Twenty-nine hours after ingestion, the psychiatry team obtained LFTs (AST 45, ALT 61). He had persistent nausea and diffuse abdominal pain. On repeat analysis, the APAP level at 36 hours was found to be <10 μg/mL, AST 150, and ALT 204. After 2 more days of increasing LFTs and persistent abdominal pain and nausea, the toxicology department was consulted, the patient was transferred to the medicine department, and intravenous N-acetylcysteine was started 66 hours after ingestion. He was treated for 16 hours and had a significant decline in LFTs and symptom resolution. His prothrombin time, bilirubin, lactate, creatinine, and mental status were normal throughout the admission. Other cases of LFT increase were excluded. Our case report illustrates that a moderate increase in liver transaminase may occur despite an initial undetectable APAP level and normal transaminases after a delayed presentation. In our case, no serious clinical effects were reported.
authors.affiliation: 1Medical Toxicology 2Department of Internal Medicine 3Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX.
authors.forename: Vikhyat S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bebarta
authors.forename: Drew C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Shiner
authors.forename: Shawn M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Varney
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000506:poisoning*; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D062787:Drug Overdose; D006801:Humans; D006853:Hydrocodone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000506:poisoning*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; C083640:acetaminophen, hydrocodone drug combination; D000082:Acetaminophen; D006853:Hydrocodone; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000111:Acetylcysteine