title: Osteoporosis risk and bone mineral density levels in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parkinson's disease (PD) and osteoporosis are common diseases which affect a substantial portion of the elderly population. Accumulating evidence supports that PD patients have a high risk for osteoporosis in recent years. The purpose of the present study is to perform a meta-analysis on the risk of osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) levels in PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched all articles indexed in Medline, SciVerse Scopus and Cochrane Library published up to January 2012 concerning the association between PD and risk of osteoporosis or BMD levels. In total, 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that PD patients are at higher risk for osteoporosis (summary OR=1.18, 95% CI=[1.09, 1.27]) than healthy controls. The gender subgroup analysis suggested that PD male patients have a higher risk for osteoporosis than female patients (female patients: summary OR=1.16, 95% CI=[1.07, 1.26]; male patients: summary OR=2.44, 95% CI=[1.37, 4.34]). Further meta-analysis showed that PD patients have a lower hip, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD than healthy controls. The gender subgroup analysis found a lower BMD in PD female patients than controls, while no obvious difference was observed in PD male patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis suggested that PD patients are at higher risk for osteoporosis and have lower BMD levels than healthy controls overall.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hong-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors