title: Thoracic epidural steroid injection for rib fracture pain.
abstract: Treatment for rib fracture pain can be broadly divided into pharmacologic approaches with oral and/or parenteral medication and interventional approaches utilizing neuraxial analgesia or peripheral nerve blocks to provide pain relief. Both approaches attempt to control nociceptive and neuropathic pain secondary to osseous injury and nerve insult, respectively. Success of treatment is ultimately measured by the ability of the selected modality to decrease pain, chest splinting, and to prevent sequelae of injury, such as pneumonia. Typically, opioids and NSAIDs are the drugs of first choice for acute pain because of ease of administration, immediate onset of action, and rapid titration to effect. In contrast, neuropathic pain medications have a slower onset of action and are more difficult to titrate to therapeutic effect. Interventional approaches include interpleural catheters, intercostal nerve blocks, paravertebral nerve blocks, and thoracic and lumbar epidural catheters. Each intervention has its own inherent advantages, disadvantages, and success rates. Rib fracture pain management practice is founded on the thoracic surgical and anesthesiology literature. Articles addressing rib fracture pain are relatively scarce in the pain medicine literature. As life expectancy increases, and as healthcare system modifications are implemented, pain medicine physicians may be consulted to treat increasing number of patients suffering rib fracture pain and may need to resort to novel therapeutic measures because of financial constraints imposed by those changes. Here we present the first published case series of thoracic epidural steroid injections used for management of rib fracture pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management Center of Long Island, Rockville Centre, New York, USA. jacobjeffrey74@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jacob J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rauchwerger
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Candido
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Deer
authors.forename: Jonathan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Frogel
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iadevaio
authors.forename: Neil B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Kirschen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012253:Rib Fractures / Q000150:complications*; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids