title: Jawarish, a Persian traditional gastrointestinal dosage form.
abstract: Medical sciences including pharmacy flourished in Persia throughout medieval times. The oldest pharmacopeias which discussed pharmaceutical formulations were created by them, called Qarabadin. Among various dosage forms which were described, Jawarish was a gastrointestinal dosage form which was made from different ingredients for different purposes such as stomach tonic, digestive, carminative, laxative, astringent, visceral analgesic, antihaemorrhoid, antiemetic, emetic, antireflux and anticolic. This paper, introduces their preparation, general considerations and five common examples of Jawarish.
authors.affiliation: Research Office for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. zargarana@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Arman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zargaran
authors.forename: Mohammad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zarshenas
authors.forename: Ayda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosseinkhani
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehdizadeh
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000266:history*; D004304:Dosage Forms; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000266:history*; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D019071:Persia; D010602:Pharmacopoeias as Topic / Q000266:history*
chemical_list: D004304:Dosage Forms; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents