title: Pharmacogenomics of phase II metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters: clinical implications.
abstract: The clinical impact of pharmacogenomics remains a hot topic of current research efforts. Although pharmacogenomics of phase I metabolizing enzymes seems to have been well studied, knowledge on the clinical impact of genetic variability of phase II metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters is more limited. This paper reviews data on the pharmacogenomics of phase II metabolizing enzymes as well as of ATP binding cassette transporters and of solute carrier transporters focusing on clinical implications for drug efficacy and drug toxicity. The clinical impact of some of these polymorphisms has been well defined i.e. the association between polymorphisms of organic anion transporter polypeptides and statin induced myopathy. However, as the same drug may be substrate for different enzymes and different transporters, it is difficult to elucidate the impact of each polymorphism. Investigating the impact of multiple polymorphisms might be more clinically meaningful, although methodologically challenging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Lessons, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece. nyiannak@teiath.gr
authors.forename: E Ch
authors.initials: ECh
authors.lastname: Yiannakopoulou
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins