title: Maternal supplementation with an excess of different fat sources during pregnancy and lactation differentially affects feeding behavior in offspring: putative role of the leptin system.
abstract: METHODS
  This study investigates the lasting effects of maternal supplementation with different fat sources during pregnancy and lactation on feeding behavior and energy homeostasis of their offspring, and its relation to hypothetical effects in the development of main central structures involved in leptin signaling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Offspring of dams supplemented with olive oil, butter, or margarine during late pregnancy and lactation were fed with normal fat (NF) diet until 4-month-old, and then with NF or high fat (HF) diet until 6-month-old. Results showed that 21-day-old margarine group pups presented a higher cell number in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) (females) and higher hypothalamic ObRb/SOCS3 mRNA ratio (males). In adulthood, and under HF diet, they displayed a lower body weight (both genders) and body fat (males) than the butter group, a lower preference for fat food (both genders), and lower leptin levels than the olive oil (both genders) and butter (males) groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal supplementation with different fat sources during the perinatal period may affect the development of hypothalamic structures and hence predisposition to obesity. Margarine, compared with other fats, may program the offspring for increased leptin sensitivity and a lower preference for fat food, thus providing relative protection against body weight gain in adulthood, particularly under an obesogenic environment.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Juana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Priego
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llopis
authors.forename: Mariona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palou
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Picó
authors.forename: Andreu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palou
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002079:Butter; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008383:Margarine; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D020738:Leptin; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D002079:Butter; D008383:Margarine