title: Prostate extract with aluminum hydroxide injection as a novel animal model for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a new animal model to mimic the clinical condition of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). CP/CPPS is a highly prevalent condition with detrimental effect on the quality of life, but the etiology, pathogenesis, and optimal treatment of CP/CPPS remain unknown. This new animal model would greatly contribute to the understanding and treatment of CP/CPPS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Wistar rats were averagely and randomly divided into 5 groups (3 experimental groups, a normal control group, and a positive group) of 8 rats each. Experimental groups were subcutaneously injected with the mixture of prostate extract and aluminum hydroxide, the positive control group with prostate extract and complete Freund adjuvant (CFA), and the normal control group with 0.01 mol/L phosphate-buffered saline (0.01 M PBS). Hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemistry were respectively used to investigate the inflammatory lesion and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α in the prostate. In addition, the serum IgG was also evaluated. The t test was used to compare the statistical differences among groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathological analyses indicated that prostate lesions in the group immunized with high concentrations of aluminum hydroxide in the presence of prostate extract 3 times was most severe, in addition there was also the highest expression of TNF-α and IgG in this group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostate extract with aluminum hydroxide injection could successfully induce CP/CPPS in Wistar rats, which was in a dose-dependent and injection number-dependent fashion. This animal model might greatly benefit with further understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and optimal treatment of CP/CPPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Junna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.forename: Benhui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Dingding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013577:Syndrome; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant