title: Prevalence and persistence of psychiatric disorders in youth after detention: a prospective longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychiatric disorders are prevalent among incarcerated juveniles. Most juveniles eventually return to their communities, where they become the responsibility of the community mental health system. However, no large-scale study has examined psychiatric disorders after youth leave detention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine changes in the prevalence and persistence of psychiatric disorders during the 5 years after detention, focusing on sex and racial/ethnic differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal study with up to 5 interviews (1829 youth: 1172 males and 657 females). To ensure representation of key demographic subgroups, the randomly selected sample was stratified by sex, race/ethnicity (African American, non-Hispanic white, and Hispanic), age, and legal status (juvenile or adult court).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Northwestern Juvenile Project, sampling youth from the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, Chicago, Illinois.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detained youth, aged 10 to 18 years at baseline interview.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3. At follow-up interviews, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (Child and Young Adult versions) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule Version IV (substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five years after baseline, more than 45% of males and nearly 30% of females had 1 or more psychiatric disorders with associated impairment. More than 50% of males and more than 40% of females had 1 or more psychiatric disorders without impairment. Substance use disorders were the most common; males, however, had higher rates over time (5 years after baseline, adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.61; 95% CI, 1.96-3.47). Non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics also had higher rates of substance use disorders vs African Americans (AOR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.54-2.49 and AOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.24-2.03). Females had higher rates of major depression over time (AOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.22-2.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although prevalence rates of most psychiatric disorders declined as youth aged, a substantial proportion of delinquent youth continue to have disorders. There are notable sex and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence and persistence of psychiatric disorders in this population.
authors.affiliation: Health Disparities and Public Policy, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. healthdisparities@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Teplin
authors.forename: Leah J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Welty
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Abram
authors.forename: Mina K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Dulcan
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Washburn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000208:ethnology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology