title: Protective effects of anthocyanins on the ectonucleotidase activity in the impairment of memory induced by scopolamine in adult rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether the treatment with anthocyanins prevents the scopolamine-induced memory deficits and whether ectonucleotidase activities and purine levels are altered in the cerebral cortex (CC) and hippocampus (HC) in this model of mnemonic deficit in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were divided into 4 experimental groups: control (vehicle), anthocyanins (Antho), scopolamine (SCO), and scopolamine plus anthocyanins (SCO+Antho). After seven days of treatment, they were tested in the inhibitory avoidance task and open field test and submitted to euthanasia. The CC and the HC were collected for biochemical assays. The effect of treatment with Antho (200 mgkg(-1), i.p.) was investigated in rats trained to a stable level of performance and post-treated with SCO (1 mgkg(-1), i.p. 30 min after training).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment with SCO decreased the step-down latency in inhibitory avoidance task. Antho prevented the scopolamine-induced memory impairment and also the increase of NTPDase activity in the CC and HC. Furthermore, the treatment with anthocyanins prevents the decrease in 5'-nucleotidase activity and the increase in adenosine deaminase activity induced by SCO in HC. In addition, the treatment with Antho prevented the decrease in ATP levels induced by SCO in the CC and HC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that scopolamine may affect purinergic enzymatic cascade or cause alterations in energy metabolism inducing loss of memory. In contrast Antho could reverse these changes, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of Antho on ectonucleotidase activities and neuronal energetic metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. jessiegutierres@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jessié M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gutierres
authors.forename: Fabiano B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Maria R C
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schetinger
authors.forename: Marília V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmatz
authors.forename: Victor C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.forename: Juliano M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Michele M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marisco
authors.forename: Daniela A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Maribel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Cinthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mazzanti
authors.forename: Roselia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spanevello
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009708:Nucleotidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D012601:Scopolamine; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D009708:Nucleotidases