title: Cytogenetic risks and possible adverse health effects by narcotic substances dependent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Illicit drug abuse has crossed social, economic, and geographical borders, and remains one of the major health problems that modern society is facing worldwide. The role of multiple drug abuse as a basic for chromosome damage has been overlooked and it is important to determine its possible adverse health effects. This study aimed to compare the frequency of chromosomal damages between drug addicts and free drug controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytogenetic study was obtained from 146 illicit drug-users and 200 free drug controls. Subjects were grouped into three categories depending on main drug of dependence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytogenetic studies on cultured lymphocytes showed an increase the frequency of chromosomal damages among addicts including opiate (5.89%), heroin (7.65%), and crystal (4.9%) when compared with drug free controls (1.45%). The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was breaks, gaps, marker, and acentric, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings are also important as they are among the first to suggest here, illicit drug addiction continue to be significant public health problems in Iran.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Movafagh
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haeri
authors.forename: Ali Asghar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kolahi
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hassani-Moghadam