title: Gingival advanced glycation end-products in diabetes mellitus-associated chronic periodontitis: an immunohistochemical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) seems to play an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM)-associated periodontitis; however, some aspects of this issue are still scarcely known, such as the expression of AGEs in type 1 DM-associated periodontitis and the clinical factors able to affect their accumulation. This study aimed to clarify these points by evaluating the expression of AGEs in DM-associated periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen systemically and periodontally healthy subjects and 48 subjects suffering from generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis (16 with type 1 DM, 16 with type 2 DM and 16 systemically healthy subjects) were studied clinically, periodontally and metabolically. The immunohistochemical expression of AGEs in gingival tissues was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects affected with type 1 DM presented a significantly higher percentage of AGE-positive cells than did subjects affected with type 2 DM, not only in the epithelium, but also in vessels and fibroblasts. A positive and significant correlation was found between gingival expression of AGEs and length of time affected with DM both in type 1 and type 2 DM; glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, body mass index and age did not correlate significantly with gingival AGEs in any of the classes of subjects studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gingival AGEs are increased in both type 1 and type 2 DM-associated periodontitis; however, the clinical parameter that determines their accumulation, and therefore their degree of influence on the development of DM-associated periodontitis, may be the duration of DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health - Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zizzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tirabassi
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Aspriello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piemontese
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucarini
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic