title: Chemical markers of shiikuwasha juice adulterated with calamondin juice.
abstract: Detection of shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) juice adulterated with calamondin (Citrus madurensis Lour.) juice was investigated by the analyses of (1) phloretin dihydrochalcone glucoside, 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (PD) detected by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), (2) polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), included nobiletin, tangeretin, and sinensetin, detected by HPLC, and (3) γ-terpinene peak percentage obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography with cryofocusing. PD was detected in calamondin juice (25.5 mg/100 mL) but not in shiikuwasha juice. Shiikuwasha juice contained higher levels of nobiletin (48.8 mg/100 mL) than calamondin juice (2.4 mg/100 mL). Shiikuwasha juice was characterized by containing a higher percentage of γ-terpinene (12.3%) than calamondin juice (0.7%). A discrimination function obtained by a linear discriminant analysis with PMFs and a peak ratio of [nobiletin/tangeretin] and γ-terpinene detected the adulteration with accuracies of 91.7%. These three chemical markers were useful to detect shiikuwasha juice that is suspected of being adulterated with calamondin juice.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1, Befu, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yahada
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohta
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005506:Food Contamination; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry