title: Callose plug deposition patterns vary in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes and tomato species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pollen grain contains the male gametophyte that extends a pollen tube that grows through female tissues in order to deliver sperm to the embryo sac for double fertilization. Growing pollen tubes form periodic callose plugs that are thought to block off the older parts of the tube and maintain the cytoplasm near the growing tip. The morphology of callose plugs and the patterns of their deposition were previously shown to vary among species, but variation within a species had not been examined. We therefore systematically examined callose plug deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, tested for heritability using reciprocal crosses between ecotypes that had differing deposition patterns, and investigated the relationship between callose plugs and pollen tube growth rate. We also surveyed callose plug deposition patterns in different species of tomato.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used in vitro grown pollen tubes of 14 different A. thaliana ecotypes and measured the distance from the pollen grain pore to the first callose plug (termed first interval). This distance varied among Arabidopsis ecotypes and in some cases even within an ecotype. Pollen tubes without a callose plug were shorter than those with a callose plug, and tubes with a callose plug near the grain were, on average, longer than those with the first callose plug farther from the grain. Variations in the first callose plug position were also observed between different species of tomato.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed that the position of the first callose plug varied among Arabidopsis ecotypes and in tomato species, and that callose plug deposition patterns were heritable. These findings lay a foundation for mapping genes that regulate callose plug deposition or that determine pollen tube length or growth rate.
authors.affiliation: Plant Gene Expression Center, U,S, Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Dylan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shieh
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCormick
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D060146:Ecotype; D018525:Germination; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism*; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053205:Pollen Tube / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005936:Glucans; C048306:callose