title: The Effect of Adding Magnesium Sulfate to Lidocaine Compared with Paracetamol in Prevention of Acute Pain in Hand Surgery Patients Under Intravenous Regional Anesthesia (IVRA).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was done to compare the analgesic effects of "magnesium plus lidocaine", "paracetamol plus lidocaine", and "placebo plus lidocaine" on block characteristics for intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) in patients undergoing upper extremity orthopedic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 90 patients were selected and entered randomly into three study groups after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Time to start of the sensory and motor block were measured separately and also the duration of these two block types were measured. Post-op pain assessment was measured using a numeric rating scale. Venous samples were checked and compared regarding blood gas and pH measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time from drug injection to sensory block onset was the shortest in the magnesium plus lidocaine group; the time from drug injection to the time of motor block onset was the shortest in the lidocaine plus magnesium group; the duration of the motor block was the longest in the lidocaine plus magnesium group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of magnesium lidocaine in patients undergoing upper extremity orthopedic operations using IVRA decreases significantly the time gap between drug administration and the start of the block; also, this drug combination increases the IVRA block length, while paracetamol does not have such a significant effect.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirkheshti
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Aryani
authors.forename: Poujia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shojaei
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dabbagh