title: Salivary biomarkers associated with myocardial necrosis: results from an alcohol septal ablation model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if salivary biomarkers demonstrate utility for identifying aspects of myocardial necrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients undergoing alcohol septal ablation (ASA) for treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy provided serum and unstimulated whole saliva at baseline and incremental time points post-ASA. Samples were analyzed for seven biomarkers related to myocardial damage, inflammation, and tissue remodeling using immunosorbent assays. Levels were compared with baseline and levels observed in 97 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biomarkers of myocardial damage and inflammation (ie, troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin, C-reactive protein) rose in serum 2- to 812-fold after ASA (P < .01). Significant elevations of 2.0- to 3.5-fold were observed with C-reactive protein and troponin I in saliva (P < .02). Significant correlations between levels in serum and saliva were observed for C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and myeloperoxidase (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Select salivary biomarkers reflect changes that occur during, and subsequent to, myocardial necrosis caused by ASA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, and Lexington Veterans Administration Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: J Darrell
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sneed
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Steinhubl
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kolasa
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ebersole
authors.forename: Yushun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kryscio
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: McDevitt
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000431:Ethanol