title: Oxidative/nitrosative stress and antidepressants: targets for novel antidepressants.
abstract: The brain is an organ predisposed to oxidative/nitrosative stress. This is especially true in the case of aging as well as several neurodegenerative diseases. Under such circumstances, a decline in the normal antioxidant defense mechanisms leads to an increase in the vulnerability of the brain to the deleterious effects of oxidative damage. Highly reactive oxygen/nitrogen species damage lipids, proteins, and mitochondrial and neuronal genes. Unless antioxidant defenses react appropriately to damage inflicted by radicals, neurons may experience microalteration, microdysfunction, and degeneration. We reviewed how oxidative and nitrosative stresses contribute to the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and reviewed the clinical implications of various antioxidants as future targets for antidepressant treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical Science, The Graduate School of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Yup
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soo-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Changsu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ashwin A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Patkar
authors.forename: Prakash S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Masand
authors.forename: Chi-Un
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Pae
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species