title: Estrogen and cancer.
abstract: Estrogen exhibits a broad spectrum of physiological functions ranging from regulation of the menstrual cycle and reproduction to modulation of bone density, brain function, and cholesterol mobilization. Despite the beneficial actions of endogenous estrogen, sustained exposure to exogenous estrogen is a well-established risk factor for various cancers. We summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of estrogen signaling in normal and cancer cells and discuss the major challenges to existing antiestrogen therapies.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China. yshang@tmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen