title: Bisphenol A alters n-6 fatty acid composition and decreases antioxidant enzyme levels in rat testes: a LC-QTOF-based metabolomics study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Male reproductive toxicity induced by exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely reported. The testes have proven to be a major target organ of BPA toxicity, so studying testicular metabolite variation holds promise for the discovery of mechanisms linked to the toxic effects of BPA on reproduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered doses of BPA at the levels of 0, 50 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks. We used an unbiased liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (LC-QTOF)-based metabolomics approach to discover, identify, and analyze the variation of testicular metabolites. Two n-6 fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) were identified as potential testicular biomarkers. Decreased levels of LA and increased levels of AA as well as AA/LA ratio were observed in the testes of the exposed group. According to these suggestions, testicular antioxidant enzyme levels were detected. Testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined significantly in the exposed group compared with that in the non-exposed group, and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as catalase (CAT) also showed a decreasing trend in BPA treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BPA caused testicular n-6 fatty acid composition variation and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels. This study emphasizes that metabolomics brings the promise of biomarkers identification for the discovery of mechanisms underlying reproductive toxicity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Minjian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wenliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Shanlei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lianglin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Ruyang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yubang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shoulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zuomin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yankai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xinru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000652:urine; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers; D002374:Catalase; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D020719:Glucuronides; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D010636:Phenols; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C512161:bisphenol A glucuronide; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; C006780:bisphenol A