title: Opium addiction increases interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in the coronary artery disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that opium addiction has immunosuppressant effects. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition resulted from atherosclerosis which is dependent on the immune response.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate plasma levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1Ra in 30 patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease, ejection fraction of more than 35% and to evaluate their changes after prognostic treadmill test in 15 opium addicted and 15 non-addicted patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants underwent prognostic treadmill test and plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1Ra (IL-1Ra) were evaluated with ELISA method before, just after and 4 hours after the test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1Ra (2183 pg/ml) tended to decrease over time in the opium addicted group (1372 pg/ml after prognostic treadmill test and 1034 pg/ml 4 hours after that), although such decrease did not reach the statistical significance. IL-1Ra levels were significantly higher in opium addicted than in non addicted patients. Opium addiction had no significant effect on IL-6 changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of opium in CAD patients is associated with higher IL-1Ra levels.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Habibollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saadat
authors.forename: Seyed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ziai
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghanemnia
authors.forename: Mohammad Hasan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Namazi
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safi
authors.forename: Hosein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vakili
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dabbagh
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gholami
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D009892:Opium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011379:Prognosis; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009892:Opium