title: Ribosomally encoded cyclic peptide toxins from mushrooms.
abstract: The cyclic peptide toxins of poisonous Amanita mushrooms are chemically unique among known natural products. Furthermore, they differ from other fungal cyclic peptides in being synthesized on ribosomes instead of by nonribosomal peptide synthetases. Because of their novel structures and biogenic origins, elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of the Amanita cyclic peptides presents both challenges and opportunities. In particular, a full understanding of the pathway should lead to the ability to direct synthesis of a large number of novel cyclic peptides based on the Amanita toxin scaffold by genetic engineering of the encoding genes. Here, we highlight some of the principal methods for working with the Amanita cyclic peptides and the known steps in their biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan, USA. walton@msu.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hallen-Adams
mesh_terms: D000545:Amanita / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D000906:Antibodies; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000085822:Prolyl Oligopeptidases; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001688:Biological Products; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D000085822:Prolyl Oligopeptidases