title: [Dental care in pregnancy. Ten questions and answers].
abstract: Dental care of pregnant patients is a demanding task. On one hand, clinicians are facing patients with an altered physiology that may cause a greater need for treatment. On the other hand, pregnancy in itself as well as the unborn child involves potential contraindications to dental interventions. It is therefore essential that dentists be knowledgeable of the ramifications pregnancy has on medical findings and therapy. Also, clinicians must be able to conduct their treatment based on well-grounded data to avoid any harm to the pregnant woman and her unborn child.  This article focuses on facts specifically relevant to clinicians. Based on most current scientific data, we aim to answer the following ten questions: 1. What are the physiological changes during pregnancy? 2. What is the adequate lying position for a pregnant patient? 3. Is there a pregnancy-related gingivitis? 4. What is the association between periodontitis, pregnancy and preterm birth? 5. Are there oral manifestations of pregnancy-related therapies? 6. Are caries and erosions inevitable during pregnancy? 7. Should the intake of fluoride be advocated? 8. Is it permissible to x-ray pregnant patients? 9. Is orthodontics contraindicated during pregnancy and 10. Which medication should be administered with caution?
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Kieferorthopädie und  Kinderzahnmedizin, Zentrum für Zahnmedizin, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patcas
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gnoinski
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D000075202:Contraindications; D003729:Dental Care; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000209:etiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000009:adverse effects; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011374:Progesterone