title: Ectocranial suture fusion in primates: as related to cranial volume and dental eruption.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Timing of calvarial suture fusion is important in primate ontogeny. Ages at death are difficult to assess especially for museum collections.
  
  
  METHODS
  1550 skulls of Hominoid, Hylobatidae, Macaca and Papio were observed for fusion. Calvarial expansion (early) and dental eruption (late) were utilized as indicators of ontogeny. Homogeneity of slopes and ANOVA were used to determine differences in timing of fusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For calvarial growth the great apes all showed small levels of calvarial suture remodeling prior to full calvarial expansion. For dental eruption, Homo and Macaca share a common pattern of fusion in late adulthood. The other species show early remodeling. Papio was observed to have distinct patterns for suture fusion progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, suture fusion progression although influenced by evolutionary changes in the robusticity of the craniofacial skeleton can be modeled by the phylogeny among this group. Overall, Homo appears to have a distinct pattern of delayed suture fusion progression.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Oral Biology, Orthodontics, Surgery-Plastic Surgery and Graduate Studies, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA. jcray@georgiahealth.edu
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cray
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000254:growth & development*; D006071:Gorilla gorilla; D015186:Hominidae; D006801:Humans; D008251:Macaca; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D010215:Papio; D010802:Phylogeny; D057079:Pongo; D011323:Primates; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D014078:Tooth Eruption / Q000502:physiology*