title: Hyperuricemia in adult renal allograft recipients: prevalence and predictors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperuricemia is a common complication after kidney transplantation that may adversely affect graft survival.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia in a sample of adult kidney graft recipients and to investigate its predictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 302 patients were included in the study. We used univariate analyses to compare clinical characteristics between the hyper-and normouricemic groups. We used multivariate adjusted logistic regression to detect independent predictors of hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid ≥6.5 mg/dL in women and ≥7.0 mg/dL in men or allopurinol use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients had a mean age of 49.6 ± 13.4 years, a median posttransplantation time of 7.6 years, and a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 51.9 ± 18.46 mL/min. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 42.1% (n = 127). Hyperuricemic patients were predominately male (P = .004), older (P = .038), and with lower eGFR (P < .001). They also had a higher prevalence of hypertension (P = .001), dyslipidemia (P = .004) and proteinuria (P = .001). Multivariate adjusted regression model showed as significant predictors of hyperuricemia: male gender (odds ratio [OR], 2.46; P = .002); impaired renal function (OR 1.33 for every 10 mL/min reduction in eGFR; P < .001), higher body weight (OR 1.09 for every 1 kg/m(2) increase of body mass index; P = .044), prednisolone use (OR 2.12; P = .035), and cyclosporine versus tacrolimus use (OR 2.44; P = .039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of posttransplant hyperuricemia was high, particularly in patients with classical cardiovascular risk factors and lower eGFR. However, our findings suggest that modifiable immunosuppression options could play a role in its management.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Unit, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal. jjorgemalheiro@gmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malheiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pedroso
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabrita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006074:Gout Suppressants; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014527:Uric Acid; D000493:Allopurinol