title: Optimising the recognition of delirium in the intensive care unit.
abstract: Delirium affects up to 80% of critically ill patients and negatively influences patient outcome. Consensus guidelines advocate that a validated screening tool like the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) or the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) be used to identify delirium rather than a subjective approach. The CAM-ICU and ICDSC have the most rigorous psychometric data to support their use. The differences between these two instruments are far less important to the outcome of patients than the regular and reliable use of either in routine ICU care. Implementation of a large-scale delirium screening effort is both feasible and sustainable and should be accompanied by both didactic and bedside education. An ICU clinical road map should be used on a daily basis that promotes delirium assessment, establishes a targeted sedation goal and defines the analgesic/sedative regimen that is best suited to maintain patient comfort, prevent delirium and promote wakefulness.
authors.affiliation: Northeastern University School of Pharmacy, Boston, MA 02118, USA. j.devlin@neu.edu
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.forename: Nathan E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Brummel
authors.forename: Nada S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Al-Qadheeb
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D016638:Critical Illness; D003693:Delirium / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives