title: Measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) across gender, race, and ethnicity in college students.
abstract: Measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) across gender, race, and ethnic groups was evaluated in a large sample of college students, using pooled data from 11 universities from diverse geographical regions in the United States (N = 7,369). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the fit of several possible factor structures, and the results from these analyses indicated that the BDI-II was most adequately represented by a hierarchical four-factor structure, composed of three first-order factors and one second-order factor. Results based on analyses of covariance structures indicated there was factorial invariance for this hierarchical four-factor structure across groups, suggesting that the BDI-II provides an assessment of severity of depressive symptoms that is equivalent across gender, race, and ethnicity in college students.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA. mark.whisman@colorado.edu
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Whisman
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: Natalie T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Whiteford
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gelhorn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult