title: Phytotoxic effect, uptake, and transformation of biochanin A in selected weed species.
abstract: Certain isoflavones are plant growth inhibitors, and biochanin A is a major isoflavone in clover species used for weed management. The effect of biochanin A on the monocot weed species  Echinochloa crus-galli  L. and  Lolium perenne  L. and dicot species  Silene noctiflora  L.,  Geranium molle  L., and  Amaranthus caudatus  L. was evaluated in agar medium bioassays. S. noctiflora and G. molle root growth was progressively inhibited with increasing concentrations of biochanin A, whereas the monocot species were unaffected. With regard to the dicot species, S. noctiflora (EC(50) = 35.80 μM and EC(25) = 5.20 μM) was more susceptible than G. molle (EC(50), EC(25) > 400 μM). S. noctiflora, G. molle, and E. crus-galli root and shoot samples, representing a susceptible, a less susceptible, and a nonsusceptible species, respectively, were analyzed by LC-MS to quantify biochanin A and its transformation products. Biochanin A and its known transformation products genistein, dihydrobiochanin A, pratensein, and p-coumaric acid were quantified. Sissotrin was identified and quantified while assigning unknown peaks. The treated root samples contained more biochanin A, genistein, pratensein, and dihydrobiochanin A than shoot samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark.
authors.forename: Md Tariqul Islam
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Shajib
authors.forename: Hans Albert
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Anne Garfield
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kudsk
authors.forename: Inge S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Fomsgaard
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D019833:Genistein / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D057685:Plant Weeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019833:Genistein; C004541:biochanin A