title: Biochemical alterations induced by acute oral doses of iron oxide nanoparticles in Wistar rats.
abstract: Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with appropriate surface chemistry have been widely used with potential new applications in biomedical industry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the size-, dose-, and time-dependent effects, after acute oral exposure to iron oxide-30 NP (Fe(2)O(3)-30), on various biochemical enzyme activities of clinical significances in a female Wistar rat model. Rats were exposed to three different doses (500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg) of Fe(2)O(3)-30 and Fe(2)O(3)-Bulk along with control. Fe(2)O(3)-30 had no effect on growth, behavior, and nutritional performance of animals. Fe(2)O(3)-30 caused significant inhibition of acetylcholinestrase in red blood cells as well as in brains of treated rats. Further, more than 50% inhibition of total, Na(+)-K(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+)-ATPases activities, as observed in brains of exposed female rats, may be the result of disturbances in cellular physiology and the iono-regulatory process. Activation of the hepatotoxicity marker enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, was recorded in serum and liver, whereas inhibition was observed in kidney. Similarly, enhancement of lactate dehydrogenase activity was observed in serum and liver; however, a decrease in enzyme levels was observed in kidneys of Fe(2)O(3)-30-treated rats. On the other hand, Fe(2)O(3)-Bulk did not depict any significant changes in these biochemical parameters, and alterations were near to control. Therefore, this study suggests that exposure to nanosize particles at acute doses may cause adverse changes in animal biochemical profiles. The use of the rat model signifies the correlation with the human system.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.forename: Sheik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajak
authors.forename: Shailendra P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Upadhyayula S N
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Murty
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahboob
authors.forename: Paramjit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: Mohammed F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D049628:Body Size / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000633:toxicity*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020536:Enzyme Activators; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004798:Enzymes; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases