title: Comparison of endometrial regenerative cells and bone marrow stromal cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endometrial regenerative cells (ERC) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are being used in clinical trials. While they have been reported to have similar characteristics, they have not been directly compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared micro RNA (miRNA) and gene expression profiles, soluble cytokine and growth factor levels and ability to inhibit ongoing mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) of ERC and BMSC each derived from 6 healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERC and BMSC miRNA and gene expression profiles were similar, but not identical; more differences were noted in the expression of genes than in miRNAs. Genes overexpressed in ERCs were more likely to be in immune and inflammation pathways and those overexpressed in BMSCs were more likely to be in stem cell and cancer signaling pathways. In addition, the levels of IL-8 and ICAM-1 were greater in ERC supernatants while the levels of HGF, VEGF, IL-6, CXCL12, TGFB1 and TGFB2 were greater in BMSC supernatants. Additionally, ERC demonstrated greater inhibition of the proliferation of mixed leukocyte cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the in vivo effects of ERC and BMSC may differ. Multiple properties of stromal cells are responsible for their in vivo effectiveness and ERC may be more effective for some of the clinical applications and BMSC for others. Studies in animal models or clinical trials will be required to more fully characterize the differences between ERC and BMSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabatino
authors.forename: Jiaqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Civini
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bogin
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Ichim
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stroncek
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines