title: Constructing the philtral column in the secondary cleft lip deformity: utilizing the palmaris longus graft.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The philtrum and the Cupid's bow are the most prominent features of the upper lip and are crucial for normal appearance. Unfortunately, projection of the philtral column is a common deficiency of the repaired cleft lip. Although a multitude of methods for constructing the philtral dimple and ridge have been described, no single procedure has achieved complete satisfactory results. The authors describe their technique for construction of the philtral column using palmaris longus tendon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1998 and 2009, a retrospective study was performed for identifying patients with depression of the philtral scar following cleft lip repair. Pre- and postoperative photographs were taken with at least 6 months follow-up. Postoperative patient satisfaction and occurrence of complications are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 17 patients who developed depression of the philtral ridge following cleft lip repair underwent philtral reconstruction utilizing palmaris longus tendon grafts by the senior author (H.K.K.). At the time of surgery, average age for 11 females and 6 males was 18.5 years. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 126 months, with an average of 42.3 months. In the early postoperative period, 2 complications in the form of graft exposure occurred. However, both cases were successfully managed with preservation of the graft. All patients were satisfied with their long-term results, and none required further surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of palmaris longus tendon graft is an effective, reproducible, and safe method by which to construct the philtral column in the secondary cleft lip deformity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Karam A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Allam
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.forename: Henry K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D055815:Young Adult