title: Sleep duration and insulin resistance in healthy black and white adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Poor sleep may play a role in insulin resistance and diabetes risk. Yet few studies of sleep and insulin resistance have focused on the important developmental period of adolescence. To address this gap, we examined the association of sleep and insulin resistance in healthy adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community setting in one high school.
  
  
  METHODS
  245 (137 African Americans, 116 males) high school students.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants provided a fasting blood draw and kept a sleep log and wore a wrist actigraph for one week during the school year. Participants' families were from low to middle class based on family Hollingshead scores. Total sleep time across the week averaged 7.4 h by diary and 6.4 h by actigraph; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ([HOMA-IR] unadjusted) averaged 4.13. Linear regression analyses adjusted for age, race, gender, body mass index, and waist circumference showed that the shorter the sleep, the higher the HOMA-IR, primarily due to sleep duration during the week. No evidence was found for long sleep being associated with elevated HOMA-IR. Fragmented sleep was not associated with HOMA-IR but was associated with glucose levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced sleep duration is associated with HOMA-IR in adolescence. Long sleep duration is not associated. Interventions to extend sleep duration may reduce diabetes risk in youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. matthewska@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: Jane F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Laisze
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Martica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000293:Adolescent; D044383:Black People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose