title: Biphasic activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in experimental models of subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: It has been proven that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is activated as a well-known transcription factor after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the panoramic view of NF-κB activity after SAH remained obscure. Cultured neurons were signed into control group and six hemoglobin- (Hb-) incubated groups. One-hemorrhage rabbit SAH model was produced, and the rabbits were divided randomly into one control group and five SAH groups. NF-κB activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and immunohistochemistry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to assess the downstream genes of NF-κB. NeuN immunofluorescence and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) quantification were used to estimate the neuron injury. Double drastically elevated NF-κB activity peaks were detected in rabbit brains and cultured neurons. The downstream gene expressions showed an accordant phase peaks. NeuN-positive cells decreased significantly in day 3 and day 10 groups. LDH leakage exhibited a significant increase in Hb-incubated groups, but no significant difference was found between the Hb incubated groups. These results suggested that biphasic increasing of NF-κB activity was induced after SAH, and the early NF-κB activity peak indicated the injury role on neurons; however, the late peak might not be involved in the deteriorated effect on neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Wan-Chun
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Hu-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiang-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Ji-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Meng-Liang
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005260:Female; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011817:Rabbits; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase