title: Association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether the insertion (I) /deletion (D) polymorphism within intron 16 of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) confers susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN).
  
  
  METHODS
  A meta-analysis was conducted on the associations between the ACE I/D polymorphism and SLE and LN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1907 patients with SLE and 1842 controls in 18 comparative studies were included in this meta-analysis. The analysis showed a significant association between SLE and the DD genotype (recessive effect) of the ACE polymorphism (odds ratio [OR] 1.383, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.065-1.797, p = 0.015). Stratification by ethnicity indicated a marginal association between the DD genotype and SLE in Europeans (OR 1.210, 95% CI 0.964-1.519, p = 0.099; I(2) = 0%). Meta-analysis also revealed a trend toward to an association between SLE and the ACE polymorphism using the allelic or additive models in Europeans. Furthermore, meta-analysis of the DD+ID genotype showed a significant association with LN (OR 0.582, 95% CI 0.425-0.797, p = 0.001; I(2) = 0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis demonstrates a strong association between DD genotype and SLE in overall study and a marginal association between SLE and the ACE D/I polymorphism in Europeans, and suggests that this polymorphism might confer susceptibility to LN.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. lyhcgh@korea.ac.kr
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jong Dae
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Gwan Gyu
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D016001:Confidence Intervals; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017594:Publication Bias
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A