title: The use of errorless learning strategies for patients with Alzheimer's disease:  a literature review.
abstract: The aim of this article was to review the evidence of errorless learning on learning outcomes in patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease. A computer-aided literature search from 1999 to 2011 was carried out using MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO and PsycArticles. Keywords included 'errorless learning or practice' and 'Alzheimer's disease'. Four studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected and reviewed. Two of the studies were clinical controlled trials: one was a single-group pretest-post-test trial and the other was a multiple single-participant study. Demographic variables, design, treatment and outcome measures were summarized. Recall trials were used as the primary outcome measure. Results indicate that the use of errorless learning promotes better retention of specific types of information. Errorless learning is effective in memory rehabilitation of older adults with Alzheimer's disease. However, it would require more studies with unified outcome measures to allow for the formulation of standardized clinical protocol and recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Health Services and Outcome Research, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ruijie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Karen P Y
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001245:Association Learning; D003072:Cognition Disorders; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011855:Radiodermatitis; D012107:Research Design