title: Neurotoxicity of Nigerian bonny light crude oil in rats.
abstract: Biometal accumulation may contribute to organ toxicity in individuals using the Nigerian bonny light crude oil (BLCO) for ailment management. We assessed the levels of biometals, antioxidant status, along with histomorphometric analysis to investigate the effect of BLCO, commonly use in folklore medicine, on the brain. Adult male Wistar rats were dosed by gavage with BLCO at 0, 200, and 800 mg/kg(-1) of BLCO for 7 days. Results showed the accumulation of iron, zinc, nickel and lead, in contrast to copper, in BLCO-treated rats. Administration of BLCO disrupted the brain's antioxidant system and significantly increased levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation. Although the Purkinje layer and maximum width of Purkinje cells were not affected, BLCO treatment significantly decreased molecular layer, granular layer, and density of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The neurotoxicity of BLCO may be the result of oxidative stress resulting from loss of biometal homeostasis as well as toxicant injury from other constituents of BLCO.
authors.affiliation: Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Azubike P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ebokaiwe
authors.forename: Isaac A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Adedara
authors.forename: Olatunde
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Owoeye
authors.forename: Ebenezer O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Farombi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism*; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D009549:Nigeria; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010578:Petroleum; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide