title: Association between an emerging disseminated form of leishmaniasis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis strain polymorphisms.
abstract: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis causes three main types of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), and disseminated leishmaniasis (DL). All forms are observed among individuals of Corte de Pedra, Brazil. We previously used random amplified markers to identify a multiclonal population among L. (V.) braziliensis isolates from ATL patients, defining parasite clades associated with different clinical syndromes. Herein we compared sequences of random amplified markers to identify genotypes of L. (V.) braziliensis recovered from lesions of CL, ML, and DL patients. Six polymorphic genomic loci were sequenced from 35 parasite isolates. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions-deletions (indels) at each locus allowed us to segregate the L. (V.) braziliensis population according to haplotypes. Several SNPs, indels, and haplotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of DL. Molecular genotyping may provide markers to identify L. (V.) braziliensis strains likely to cause this emerging, hard-to-treat form of ATL.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Luiz Henrique
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto Lima
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Edgar M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Lee W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schriefer
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology*; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan