title: The feasibility study of US-MRI virtual navigation in the shoulder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound sonography (US)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) virtual navigation in the shoulder.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with supraspinatus tendinitis to fuse in the shoulder with a Virtual Navigator System. We selected five internal marks as follows: (1) ① acromion, ② the point of junction between the supraspinatus muscle and the tendon, ③ the point of the middle in the surface of the head of humerus in the plane of ②, ④ the point of attachment of the supraspinatus tendon in the great tuberosity of humerus, and ⑤ the point of the middle in the surface of the head of humerus in the plane of ④. To make three, four, and five marks in different combinations in the process of image fusion successively, it should be based on these points. The observed targets included coincidence, stability, and accuracy in the sonography and magnetic resonance images by two radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The supraspinatus tendon of the 10 volunteers and the lesions of 10 patients with supraspinatus tendinitis could be fused between the sonography image and the magnetic resonance image. The effect of the combination of ②+③+④+⑤ in the group with four-point internal marks was most satisfactory (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The process of the combination of ②+③+④+⑤ in the group with four-point internal marks is considered the best method, and the application of US-MRI virtual navigation is regarded feasible in the shoulder.
authors.affiliation: Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. liujunabcd@qq.com
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Mingyang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D057918:Fiducial Markers; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012782:Shoulder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D013382:Subtraction Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014584:User-Computer Interface