title: Effects of supplementation with essential amino acids on intrahepatic lipid concentrations during fructose overfeeding in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high dietary protein intake has been shown to blunt the deposition of intrahepatic lipids in high-fat- and high-carbohydrate-fed rodents and humans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of essential amino acid supplementation on the increase in hepatic fat content induced by a high-fructose diet in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine healthy male volunteers were studied on 3 occasions in a randomized, crossover design after 6 d of dietary intervention. Dietary conditions consisted of a weight-maintenance balanced diet (control) or the same balanced diet supplemented with 3 g fructose · kg(-1) · d(-1) and 6.77 g of a mixture of 5 essential amino acids 3 times/d (leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, and threonine) (HFrAA) or with 3 g fructose · kg(-1) · d(-1) and a maltodextrin placebo 3 times/d (HFr); there was a washout period of 4 to 10 wk between each condition. For each condition, the intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) concentration, VLDL-triglyceride concentration, and VLDL-[(13)C]palmitate production were measured after oral loading with [(13)C]fructose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HFr increased the IHCL content (1.27 ± 0.31 compared with 2.74 ± 0.55 vol %; P < 0.05) and VLDL-triglyceride (0.55 ± 0.06 compared with 1.40 ± 0.15 mmol/L; P < 0.05). HFr also enhanced VLDL-[(13)C]palmitate production. HFrAA significantly decreased IHCL compared with HFr (to 2.30 ± 0.43 vol%; P < 0.05) but did not change VLDL-triglyceride concentrations or VLDL-[(13)C]palmitate production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation with essential amino acids blunts the fructose-induced increase in IHCL but not hypertriglyceridemia. This is not because of inhibition of VLDL-[(13)C]palmitate production. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01119989.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Theytaz
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Léonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Egli
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Buehler
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hodson
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Natsumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishikata
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kreis
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mittendorfer
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fielding
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boesch
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tappy
mesh_terms: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010168:Palmitates / Q000097:blood; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D010168:Palmitates; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose