title: Phalangeal quantitative ultrasound and metabolic control in pre-menopausal women with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have reported increased fracture risk in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) provides information on the structure and elastic properties of bone, which are important determinants of fracture risk, along with bone mineral density.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study phalangeal sites by QUS, examine bone turnover markers and analyze association between these factors with metabolic control in a population of pre-menopausal women with T1DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five T1DM pre-menopausal women (mean age 34.5 ± 6.8 yr) attending the Diabetic Outpatients Clinic in the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, were consecutively enrolled and divided into two groups, taking into account the mean value of glycated hemoglobin in the last three years. Twenty healthy age-matched women served as controls. Phalangeal ultrasound measurements [Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS), Ultrasound Bone Profile Index (UBPI), TScore, Z-Score] were performed using a DBM Sonic Bone Profiler. Osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline served as markers of bone formation and bone resorption, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T1DM women with poor metabolic control showed lower phalangeal QUS values compared to healthy controls (p<0.01) and T1DM women with good metabolic control (p<0.05). No significant differences in QUS measurements were detected between T1DM women with good metabolic control and healthy controls. Lower bone formation and increased bone resorption, although not statistically significant, were observed in patients with poor metabolic control in comparison to patients with good metabolic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor metabolic control may worsen the quality of bone in T1DM. Phalangeal QUS could be considered as a tool to screen T1DM women for osteoporosis in pre-menopausal age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Via C Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy. catalanoantonino@libero.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Vieste
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pintaudi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cucinotta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lasco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Benedetto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D050278:Finger Phalanges / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007558:Italy; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers