title: Physical activity in relation to cardiac risk markers in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between physical activity and cardiac risk markers in secondary prevention for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is uncertain. The aims of the study were therefore to examine the level of physical activity in patients with CAD, and to investigate the association between physical activity and cardiac risk markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 332 patients, mean age, 65 ± 9.1 years, diagnosed with CAD at a university hospital were included in the study 6 months after their cardiac event. Physical activity was measured with a pedometer (steps/day) and two questionnaires. Investigation of cardiac risk markers included serum lipids, oral glucose-tolerance test, twenty-four hour blood pressure and heart rate monitoring, smoking, body-mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, and muscle endurance. The study had a cross-sectional design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients performed a median of 7,027 steps/day. After adjustment for confounders, statistically significant correlations between steps/day and risk markers were found with regard to; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r=0.19, p<0.001), muscle endurance measures (r ranging from 0.19 to 0.25, p=0.001 or less) triglycerides (r=-0.19, p<0.001), glucose-tolerance (r=-0.23, p<0.001), BMI (r=-0.21, p<0.001), 24-h heart rate recording during night (r=-0.17, p=0.004), and average 24-h heart rate (r=-0.13, p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relatively high level of physical activity was found among patients with CAD. There was a weak, but significant, association between pedometer steps/day and HDL-C, muscle endurance, triglycerides, glucose-tolerance, BMI and 24-h heart rate, indicating potential positive effects of physical activity on these parameters. However, before clinical implications can be formed, more confirmatory data are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, Gothenburg, Sweden. maria.m.back@vgregion.se
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bäck
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cider
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gillström
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herlitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires