title: Physicochemical properties of endodontic sealers of different bases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the setting time (ST), flow (FL), radiopacity (RD), solubility (SB) and dimensional change following setting (DC) of different sealers (AH Plus®, Polifil, Apexit Plus®, Sealapex®, Endométhasone® and Endofill®) according to American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) Specification 57.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five samples of each material were used for each test. For ST, cast rings were filled with sealers and tested with a Gilmore needle. For FL, the sealer was placed on a glass plate. After 180 s, another plate with 20 g and a load of 100 g were applied on the material, and the diameters of the discs formed were measured. In RD, circular molds were filled with the sealers, radiographed and analyzed using Digora software. For SB, circular molds were filled with the sealers, a nylon thread was placed inside the material and another glass plate was positioned on the set, pressed and stored at 37°C. Samples were weighed, placed in water, dried and reweighed. The water used for SB was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. For DC, circular molds were filled with the sealers, covered by glass plates and stored at 37°C. Samples were measured and stored in water for 30 days. After this period, they were dryed and measured again.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding ST, AH Plus®, Apexit® and Endofil® sealers are in accordance with ANSI/ADA standards. Endométhasone's manufacturer did not mention the ST; Polifil is an experimental sealer and Sealapex® did not set. Considering RD, SB and DC, all sealers were in accordance with ANSI/ADA. The spectrometric analysis showed that a significant amount of K+ and Zn2+ ions was released from Apexit Plus® and Endofill®, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for DC, all other physicochemical properties of the tested sealers conformed to ANSI/ADA requirements.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Alexandra
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Marín-Bauza
authors.forename: Yara Teresinha Correa
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Silva-Sousa
authors.forename: Suely Aparecida
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.forename: Fuad Jacob Abi
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rached-Junior
authors.forename: Idomeo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonetti-Filho
authors.forename: Manoel Damião
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sousa-Neto
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo Saraiva
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Miranda
mesh_terms: D000571:American Dental Association; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000737:chemistry; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D012459:Salicylates / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D013943:Thymol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: C074418:Apexit; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012459:Salicylates; C011244:corticosteroid methanetriol mixture; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C532269:polifil; C074417:Endo-Fill; C055601:Sealapex; D005557:Formaldehyde; D013943:Thymol; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D006854:Hydrocortisone