title: Safely ruling out inflammatory bowel disease in children and teenagers without referral for endoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Up to 70% of children and teenagers referred to a paediatric gastroenterology centre with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) do not have the disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether faecal calprotectin as an 'add-on test' improves the specificity of the clinical case definition for suspected IBD in a general paediatric practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective diagnostic accuracy study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six outpatient clinics for general paediatrics and one tertiary care hospital in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  117 children and teenagers with a clinical suspicion of IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Faecal calprotectin was measured (index test) in all patients. Patients with a high index of suspicion on the basis of the paediatrician's global assessment, physical examination and blood results were referred for endoscopy (reference standard). Children and teenagers who were not selected for endoscopy initially were followed for half a year for the appearance of possible additional symptoms (delayed type reference standard).
  
  
  METHODS
  The proportion of referred patients with confirmed IBD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 14 years (range 6-18). A total of 42 (36%) had confirmed IBD. The paediatricians, who were blinded to the faecal calprotectin result, referred 68 children and teenagers for endoscopy. If they had referred only those patients with a positive faecal calprotectin result (>50 μg/g), 54 patients would have undergone endoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study relied on clinical follow-up to detect missed IBD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A diagnostic strategy in general paediatric practice of using a simple clinical case definition for suspected IBD in combination with a positive faecal calprotectin result increases the specificity to detect IBD and reduces the need for referral to a paediatric gastroenterology centre with a very low risk of missing cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, Belgium. els.van.de.vijver@uza.be
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van de Vijver
authors.forename: Andrea Bertilde
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.forename: Wybrich Riemke
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Cnossen
authors.forename: Anna Caecilia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Muller Kobold
authors.forename: Patrick Ferry
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: van Rheenen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex