title: Change in agglomeration status and toxicokinetic fate of various nanoparticles in vivo following lung exposure in rats.
abstract: The deposition characteristics in lungs following inhalation, the potential toxic effects induced and the toxicokinetic fate including a possible translocation to other sites of the body are predominantly determined by the agglomeration status of nanoscaled primary particles. Systemic particle effects, i.e. effects on remote organs besides the respiratory tract are considered to be of relevant impact only for de-agglomerated particles with a nanoscaled aspect. Rats were exposed to various types of nanoscaled particles, i.e. titanium dioxide, carbon black and constantan. These were dispersed in physiologically compatible media, e.g. phosphate buffer, sometimes including auxiliaries. Rats were treated with aqueous nanoparticle dispersions by intratracheal instillation or were exposed to well-characterized nanoparticle aerosols. Subsequently, alterations in the particle size distribution were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technique. Based on the results in various approaches, a tendency of nanoscaled particles to form larger size agglomerates following deposition and interaction with cells or the respiratory tract is predominant. The contrary trend, i.e. the increase of particle number due to a disintegration of agglomerates seems not to be of high relevance.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany. otto.creutzenberg@item.fraunhofer.de
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Creutzenberg
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bellmann
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korolewitz
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mangelsdorf
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tillmann
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schaudien
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053260:Soot / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D013535:Suspensions; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D052638:Particulate Matter; D053260:Soot; D013535:Suspensions; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium