title: Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices from unconventional systemic veins in the absence of gastrorenal shunts.
abstract: Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices in the absence of a gastrorenal shunts can still be performed through unconventional venous routes, such as the left inferior phrenic (ascending portion or transverse portion), pericardial, and azygous-hemiazygous veins. This requires detailed knowledge of venous anatomy, impeccable preprocedural imaging for planning, and high-skill set techniques with smaller balloon-occlusion catheters. The technical results appear to be high (67%-83% depending on the access venous system available), but are lower than conventional balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration via the gastrorenal shunt.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, University Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan. taraki@yamanashi.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Wael E A
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Saad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057785:Catheters; D004867:Equipment Design; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology