title: Interleukin-9 and mast cells.
abstract: Mast cells are granulated hematopoietic cells derived from stem cells that reside in nearly all tissues and are involved in protection of a host from bacterial infection with a protective and pathogenic activity. Mast cells are important for both innate and adaptive immunity in tissues which are in close contact with the environment. These cells express proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor which are necessary for innate immunity. Mast cells also produce interleukin-9 and enhance mast cell expression of several cytokines including IL-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9 and IL-13. In addition, IL-9 can induce mast cell production of TGF-beta which can have proinflammatory downstream effects. IL-9 can function as either a positive or a negative regulator of immune responses and can have a detrimental role in allergy and autoimmunity. Furthermore, IL-9 contributes to disease by promoting mast cell expansion and production of IL-13 which in turn contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness. Here, in this editorial we review the interrelationship between IL-9 and mast cells.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tete
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saggini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maccauro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cianchetti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tripodi
authors.forename: E
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authors.lastname: Toniato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fulcheri
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salini
authors.forename: A
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authors.lastname: Caraffa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antinolfi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frydas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pandolfi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Potalivo
authors.forename: M
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authors.lastname: Nicoletti
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authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Theoharides
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016906:Interleukin-9 / Q000276:immunology*; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508607:IL9 protein, human; D016906:Interleukin-9