title: Β-adrenoceptors in the medial amygdaloid nucleus modulate the tachycardiac response to restraint stress in rats.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the involvement of β-adrenoceptors in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) in cardiovascular responses evoked in rats submitted to an acute restraint stress. We first pretreated Wistar rats with the nonselective β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol microinjected bilaterally into the MeA (10, 15, and 20 nmol/100 nL) 10 min before exposure to acute restraint. The pretreatment with propranolol did not affect the blood pressure (BP) increase evoked by restraint. However, it increased the tachycardiac response caused by acute restraint when animals were pretreated with a dose of 15 nmol, without a significant effect on the BP response. This result indicates that β-adrenoceptors in the MeA have an inhibitory influence on restraint-evoked heart rate (HR) changes. Pretreatment with the selective β(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551 (10, 15, and 20 nmol/100 nL) significantly increased the restraint-evoked tachycardiac response after doses of 15 and 20 nmol, an effect that was similar to that observed after the pretreatment with propranolol at a dose of 15 nmol, without a significant effect on the BP response. Pretreatment of the MeA with the selective β(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist CGP 20712 (10, 15, and 20 nmol/100 nL) caused an opposite effect on the HR response, and a significant decrease in the restraint-evoked tachycardia was observed only after the dose of 20 nmol, without a significant effect on the BP response. Because propranolol is an equipotent antagonist of both β(1) and β(2)-adrenoceptors, and opposite effects were observed after the treatment with the higher doses of the selective antagonists ICI 118,551 and CGP 20712, the narrow window in the dose-response to propranolol could be explained by a functional antagonism resulting from the simultaneous inhibition of β(1) and β(2)-adrenoceptors by the treatment with propranolol. The present results suggest that β(2)-adrenoceptors have an inhibitory influence on the restraint-evoked tachycardiac response, whereas β(1)-adrenoceptors have a facilitatory influence on the restraint-evoked tachycardiac response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E A T
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fortaleza
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Scopinho
authors.forename: F M A
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Corrêa
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta