title: Common mechanisms for calorie restriction and adenylyl cyclase type 5 knockout models of longevity.
abstract: Adenylyl cyclase type 5 knockout mice (AC5 KO) live longer and are stress resistant, similar to calorie restriction (CR). AC5 KO mice eat more, but actually weigh less and accumulate less fat compared with WT mice. CR applied to AC5 KO results in rapid decrease in body weight, metabolic deterioration, and death. These data suggest that despite restricted food intake in CR, but augmented food intake in AC5 KO, the two models affect longevity and metabolism similarly. To determine shared molecular mechanisms, mRNA expression was examined genome-wide for brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and liver. Significantly more genes were regulated commonly rather than oppositely in all the tissues in both models, indicating commonality between AC5 KO and CR. Gene ontology analysis identified many significantly regulated, tissue-specific pathways shared by the two models, including sensory perception in heart and brain, muscle function in skeletal muscle, and lipid metabolism in liver. Moreover, when comparing gene expression changes in the heart under stress, the glutathione regulatory pathway was consistently upregulated in the longevity models but downregulated with stress. In addition, AC5 and CR shared changes in genes and proteins involved in the regulation of longevity and stress resistance, including Sirt1, ApoD, and olfactory receptors in both young- and intermediate-age mice. Thus, the similarly regulated genes and pathways in AC5 KO and CR mice, particularly related to the metabolic phenotype, suggest a unified theory for longevity and stress resistance.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. yanl2@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jean-Guillaume
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Dillinger
authors.forename: Mariana S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: De Lorenzo
authors.forename: Chujun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Lo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Chunbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Auwerx
authors.forename: Dorothy E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vatner
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Vatner
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D053399:Apolipoproteins D / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D053399:Apolipoproteins D; D018035:Receptors, Odorant; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; C419510:adenylyl cyclase type V