title: Effects of ammonium hexafluorosilicate application on demineralized enamel and dentin of primary teeth.
abstract: Silver diamine fluoride (Ag(NH(3))(2)F) arrests caries but stains teeth black. To overcome this drawback, we applied ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHF; (NH(4))(2)SiF(6)) and observed changes in the color and structure of demineralized enamel and dentin of extracted primary teeth. Enamel and dentin were demineralized in 10% EDTA solution for 90 s followed by 35% phosphoric acid gel for 60 s, then soaked in AHF solution for 60 s. Before analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), enamel and dentin were demineralized in 10% EDTA for 90 s. Teeth were divided into 4 groups according to AHF application and artificial saliva immersion status and then examined. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test at a significance level of P < 0.05. AHF treatment did not cause visible discoloration. Enamel prisms and dental tubules appeared by demineralization were covered with precipitates by AHF application. A sphere-filled membranous structure was observed in the saliva immersion groups. EDS analysis showed that AHF application had no effect on enamel; however, F% and Ca/P ratio were significantly higher on dentin surfaces after AHF application without artificial saliva immersion. Further study on arresting caries treatment is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Course of Medical and Dental Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. hosoya@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tadokoro
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Franklin R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tay
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012824:Silicic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012824:Silicic Acid; C004832:hexafluorosilicate; C020243:calcium phosphate; D005459:Fluorides