title: Reduced glutathione and Trolox (vitamin E) as extender supplements in cryopreservation of red deer epididymal spermatozoa.
abstract: The use of assisted reproductive techniques in cervids is increasing as the commercial use of these species increase. We have tested the suitability of the antioxidants Trolox and reduced glutathione (GSH) for freezing red deer epididymal spermatozoa, aiming at improving post-thawing quality. Samples from 19 stags were frozen in a TES-Tris-fructose extender (20% egg yolk, 8% glycerol), with 1 or 5 mM of antioxidant. Motility (CASA), lipoperoxidation (malondialdehyde -MDA- production), membrane status, mitochondrial activity, acrosomal status (flow cytometry) and chromatin status (SCSA: %DFI and %HDS; flow cytometry) were assessed after thawing and after 6 h at 39°C. There were few differences between treatments after thawing, with Trolox reducing MDA production in a dose-response manner. After the incubation, sperm quality decreased and %DFI increased moderately, with no change for MDA. GSH improved motility, kinematic parameters and mitochondrial status, with a slight increase in %HDS. GSH 5 mM also increased moderately MDA production and %DFI, possibly due to enhanced metabolic activity and reducing power. Trolox maintained MDA low, but was detrimental to sperm quality. Trolox might not be appropriate for the cryopreservation of red deer epididymal spermatozoa, at least at the millimolar range. GSH results are promising, especially regarding motility improvement after the post-thawing incubation, and should be selected for future fertility trials.
authors.affiliation: Biology of Reproduction Group, National Wildlife Research Institute, Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anel-López
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: García-Álvarez
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maroto-Morales
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anel
authors.forename: Paulino
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Paz
authors.forename: J Julián
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Garde
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Pastor
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000502:physiology; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003670:Deer / Q000502:physiology*; D004822:Epididymis / Q000502:physiology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000662:veterinary; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; D002843:Chromatin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid