title: Odontogenic responses of human dental pulp cells to collagen/nanobioactive glass nanocomposites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Collagen-based nanocomposite incorporating nanobioactive glass (Col/nBG) was developed as a scaffolding matrix for dentin-pulp regeneration. The effects of the novel matrix on the proliferation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and their differentiation into odontoblastic lineage were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nanocomposite scaffold was prepared by incorporating nBG within the Col solution and then reconstituting them into a membrane form. Cell growth by MTS assay, adhesion by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and odontoblastic differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and the mRNA expression of differentiation-related genes of DPCs on each scaffold were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The introduction of nBG significantly improved the bone mineral-like apatite formation in the simulated body fluid, suggesting excellent acellular bone-bioactivity. The hDPCs cultured on the Col/nBG nanocomposite have shown active growth behavior during culture for 14 days. The mRNA levels of major organic extracellular matrix of dentin, collagen type I and III were highly expressed in the Col/nBG matrix. Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the mineralized nodule formation were increased in the Col/nBG nanocomposite compared to those in Col. Odontoblatic differentiation genes, including dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein I, ALP, osteopontin and osteocalcin were significantly stimulated in the Col containing nBG. Moreover, the key adhesion receptor integrin components α2 and β1, specifically binding to collagen molecule sequence, were upregulated in Col/nBG compared to Col, suggesting that odontogenic stimulation was closely related to the integrin-mediated process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, the nanocomposite Col/nBG matrix induced the growth and odontogenic differentiation more effectively than Col alone, providing a promising scaffold condition for regeneration of dentin-pulp complex tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Kyung-San
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Jong-Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Ju
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hae-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D001031:Apatites / Q000032:analysis; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000032:analysis; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D039421:Integrin alpha2 / Q000032:analysis; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000032:analysis; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000032:analysis; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001031:Apatites; D003094:Collagen; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024061:Collagen Type III; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D039421:Integrin alpha2; D019012:Integrin beta1; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C513309:DMP1 protein, human; C448994:bioactive glass 58S