title: An optimized method for analysis of phenolic compounds in buds, leaves, and fruits of black currant ( Ribes nigrum L.).
abstract: Although the fruits are the economic driver for the black currant industry, the buds and leaves are excellent sources of beneficial phenolic compounds that may contribute to the future value of the crop. In this study, extraction of phenolic compounds for different parts of the black currant plant was optimized, and an efficient method for their separation by HPLC was developed. This allowed the simultaneous quantification of a range of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, and anthocyanins by DAD following their identification by HPLC-ESI-MS(n). A total of 23 compounds were detected in the buds, 22 of which were found in fruit and leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of flavonol glycosides of quercetin, myricetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol along with hydroxycinnamic acids such as neo-chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid in the buds. Additionally, we provide the first evidence of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside in black currant leaves. This approach offers avenues for superior combined compositional identification and cultivar selection targeted at the generation of polyphenol-rich products derived from the whole crop and not just the fruit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology-Balsgård, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Fjälkestadsvägen 459, SE-291 94 Kristianstad, Sweden. michael.rajeev.vagiri@slu.se
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vagiri
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekholm
authors.forename: Staffan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rumpunen
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D031965:Ribes / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols