title: Danshensu is the major marker for the antioxidant and vasorelaxation effects of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) water-extracts produced by different heat water-extractions.
abstract: Some of the major components of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), a widely used Chinese herbal medicine rich in phenolic acids, are thermosensitive and may degrade to other phenolic acids during extractions with heating. The chemical profiles of Danshen water-extract may vary with different heat water extraction at different temperatures, affecting the composition and bioactivity of the extracts. In this study, six water-extracts of Danshen obtained from heat reflux water extraction and microwave-assisted extraction with water (MAE-W) at different temperatures were tested for their composition and pharmacological effects. Among these extracts, the third-round MAE-W (100°C) extract had the highest phenolic acids and tanshinones contents, with the strongest antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and ferric reducing/antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. This extract also showed the strongest inhibitory effects on 2,2'-azobis-2-amidinopropane (AAPH)-induced hemolysis in human red blood cells, hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in rat heart H9c2 cells and the highest relaxation effects on rat basilar artery. The antioxidant effects of Danshen water-extracts linearly correlated to their relaxation effects (r=0.895-0.977). Through multiple linear regression analysis, danshensu was found to be the most significant marker in the antioxidant and vasodilation effects of Danshen water-extract, while tanshinone IIA as the marker on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in rat heart H9c2 cells. Danshensu is, therefore, a useful marker for the quality control of Danshen water-extracts in antioxidant and vasodilation, while tanshinone IIA for anti-apoptotic potential of different extracts.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Xuelin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shun Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Hui Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Pui Man
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hoi
authors.forename: Pou Seng
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Penelope M Y
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Or
authors.forename: Jia-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Francis F Y
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Simon Ming Yuen
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: George Pak Heng
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Siu Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Ho Pui
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Yiu Wa
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: John H K
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000578:Amidines / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000578:Amidines; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007773:Lactates; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C021751:tanshinone; C028972:dan-shen root extract; C035055:3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid; C046728:2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane); D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl