title: Gingival crevicular fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinases cross-sectionally related to periodontitis and metabolic syndrome in community Koreans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be associated with periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate whether the existence of periodontitis and MetS is cross-sectionally associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among community Koreans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical and periodontal parameters were evaluated by physicians and dentists in 314 subjects (199 healthy, 58 only periodontitis, 34 only MetS and 23 both). The community periodontal index was used to assess periodontitis. MMP-8, 9, 13 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Age, gender, monthly household income, smoking and drinking were interviewed as confounders. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied. Gender-stratified analyses were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for various confounders, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13 in GCF were significantly associated with periodontitis in both genders and MMP-9, MMP-13 were associated with MetS in women. MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13 showed association with periodontitis-MetS coexistence non-synergistically in both genders. MMP-9 was synergistically associated with periodontitis-MetS coexistence in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13 in GCF were independently related to coexistence of periodontitis and MetS. MMP-9 and MMP-13 could be an appropriate common indicator of periodontitis and MetS in women. Further studies might guarantee that MMPs in GCF could screen periodontitis and MetS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Hun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hye-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Domyung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paek
authors.forename: Hyun-Duck
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9