title: Alteration of endothelial function markers in women with gestational diabetes and their fetuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their fetuses would demonstrate alterations in markers of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction and these changes would correlate with the levels of hyperglycemia through a pilot observational case-control study of women with GDM and their fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO), eNOS, p22-phox, and SOD gene expression, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) counts in both maternal and cord blood were measured at the time of delivery in women with and without GDM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated the presence of decreased maternal circulating EPC counts, increased soluble adhesion molecules in maternal blood, decreased SOD expression in both maternal and cord blood and increased eNOS expression in both maternal and cord blood in women with GDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the molecular mechanisms behind oxidative stress in women with GDM and their fetuses appear similar to those hypothesized for non-pregnant adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Mordwinkin
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ouzounian
authors.forename: Larisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yedigarova
authors.forename: Martin N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Montoro
authors.forename: Stan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Louie
authors.forename: Kathleen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002452:Cell Count; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D005333:Fetus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood; D013234:Stem Cells; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C086986:CYBA protein, human