title: A combined trauma model of chest and abdominal trauma with hemorrhagic shock--description of a new porcine model.
abstract: Despite the high incidence and prognostic relevance of hemorrhagic shock and abdominal and blunt chest trauma in multiply injured patients, there are no animal models combining these injuries. Therefore, we established a new porcine multiple trauma model consisting of blunt chest trauma, penetrating abdominal trauma (two incisions in the right upper liver lobe using a four-edged scalpel and subsequent liver packing), and pressure-controlled hemorrhagic shock with a mean arterial pressure of 30 ± 5 mmHg (a maximum of 45% of the total blood volume). The combined traumatic insult led to severe signs of hemorrhagic shock and impaired pulmonary function. In conclusion, a consistent, reproducible, and clinically relevant porcine model of multisystem injury with controlled (pressure-controlled blood withdrawal) and uncontrolled components of hemorrhage (liver laceration) with the potential for rebleeding was established.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weuster
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mommsen
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fröhlich
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keibl
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruchholtz
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seekamp
authors.forename: Hans-Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flohe
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Griensven
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology