title: Analysis of evolution of carbonic anhydrases IV and XV reveals a rich history of gene duplications and a new group of isozymes.
abstract: Carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes CA IV and CA XV are anchored on the extracellular cell surface via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. Analysis of evolution of these isozymes in vertebrates reveals an additional group of GPI-linked CAs, CA XVII, which has been lost in mammals. Our work resolves nomenclature issues in GPI-linked fish CAs. Review of expression data brings forth previously unreported tissue and cancer types in which human CA IV is expressed. Analysis of collective glycosylation patterns of GPI-linked CAs suggests functionally important regions on the protein surface.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Finland and BioMediTech, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland. martti.tolvanen@uta.fi
authors.forename: Martti E E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Tolvanen
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortutay
authors.forename: Harlan R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aspatwar
authors.forename: Maarit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patrikainen
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parkkila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D030741:Carbonic Anhydrase IV / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020440:Gene Duplication; D015870:Gene Expression; D006031:Glycosylation; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D007527:Isoenzymes; D030741:Carbonic Anhydrase IV; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases