title: Effects of healthy dietary pattern and other lifestyle factors on incidence of diabetes in a rural Japanese population.
abstract: This study assessed the effects of dietary habits and other lifestyle factors on the incidence of diabetes in a rural Japanese population. This 10.3-year study investigated a cohort of 1,995 men and 3,670 women aged 40-69 years without diabetes at baseline who underwent health check-ups between April 1990 and March 1992. Participants were followed up until diabetes was confirmed or until the end of 2006. The incidence of diabetes was determined from fasting and random levels of plasma glucose, HbA1c levels or being under medical treatment for diabetes. Principal component analysis identified a major dietary pattern characterized by more frequent consumption of vegetables, potatoes, seaweeds, fruits and soybean products that we labeled "healthy". Diabetes developed in 446 of the participants during 58,151 person-years of follow-up. Consuming a healthy diet was associated with a lower risk of diabetes (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for highest vs lowest quartiles, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61- 0.95]. In addition, scores for a healthy diet were associated with a lower risk for diabetes among persons who consumed regular meals (0.76 [0.58-0.96]), persons with an exercise habit (0.65 [0.44-0.96]) and non- and ex-smokers (0.72 [0.53-0.96]). Our findings suggest that consuming a healthy diet is associated with a lower risk for diabetes among the Japanese, particularly among those who eat regularly, those who habitually exercise and non- and ex-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. aki62@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Yukako
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Shaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012423:Rural Health / Q000208:ethnology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology