title: Higher regular fat dairy consumption is associated with lower incidence of metabolic syndrome but not type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limited evidence suggests habitual dairy consumption to be protective against metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and type 2 diabetes among older adults. We assessed the association of baseline consumption of dairy products with the incidence of MetSyn and type 2 diabetes among a cohort of Australian adults aged 49 years and over.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A validated 145-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess food and nutrient intake at baseline. Ten-year incidence of MetSyn and type 2 diabetes were obtained from 1807 and 1824 subjects respectively. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by discrete time logistic regression modelling. Compared with subjects in the lowest intake quartile of regular fat dairy products, those in the highest quartile had a 59% lower risk of MetSyn (multivariate adjusted OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.23-0.71; p(trend) = 0.004), after adjustment for risk factors. Among obese subjects, an association between a high intake of regular fat dairy foods and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes was also found (age and sex adjusted OR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16-0.88; p(trend) = 0.030), but the association did not persist after adjustment for additional confounders. There was no association between total dairy consumption and risk of MetSyn or type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found an inverse association between regular fat dairy consumption and risk of MetSyn among Australian older adults. Further studies are warranted to examine the association between weight status, dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Cluster for Public Health Nutrition, Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: J C Y
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Louie
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rangan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burlutsky
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gopinath
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003611:Dairy Products; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides