title: Intelligence quotient and cognitive functions in severe restricting-type anorexia nervosa before and after weight gain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Restricting-type anorexia nervosa (AN-R), characterized by severe emaciation with long-term food restriction, is often difficult to treat. The present study investigated the overall intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and cognitive functions of patients with AN-R.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen female inpatients with AN-R (body mass index 12.84 ± 0.41 kg/m²) and 10 healthy female participants participated in this study from 2007 through 2010. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition and the Eating Disorder Inventory-II were administered. This research was performed at Kagoshima University Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the AN-R group, overall IQ scores showed borderline intelligence (e.g., full-scale IQ 75.86 ± 1.79, P < 0.01); the scores were significantly lower than those in the comparison group. There were negative correlations between lower IQs and higher Eating Disorder Inventory-II scores. After the weight restoration, the IQ scores of subjects with AN-R with regard to the visuospatial scales were significantly higher than before (P < 0.01); however, the auditory cognitive scores were unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These lower IQ scores could be connected to the psychological and behavioral traits in patients with AN-R. These problems should be considered by medical staff members who seek to treat patients with AN-R successfully.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken Ichiro
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amitani
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amitani
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taruno
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zoshiki
authors.forename: Kai-Chun
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004614:Emaciation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007564:Japan; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012074:Remission Induction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014888:Wechsler Scales; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult