title: Bacterial exopolysaccharide based nanoparticles for sustained drug delivery, cancer chemotherapy and bioimaging.
abstract: Introduction of a novel biocompatible, stable, biomaterial for drug delivery application remains always challenging. In the present study, we report the synthesis of an extremophilic bacterial sulfated polysaccharide based nanoparticle as a stable biocompatible material for drug delivery, evaluation of anticancer efficacy and bioimaging. Mauran (MR), the sulfated exopolysaccharide extracted from a moderately halophilic bacterium, Halomonas maura was used for the synthesis of nanoparticles along with chitosan (CH). MR/CH nanoparticles were synthesized by simple polyelectrolyte complexation of anionic MR and cationic CH. The MR/CH hybrid nanoparticles formed were ranging between 30 and 200 nm in diameter with an overall positive zeta potential of 27.5±5 mV and was found to be stable under storage in solution for at least 8 weeks. In vitro drug release studies showed a sustained and prolonged delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) for 10-12 days from MR/CH nanoparticles under three different pHs of 4.5, 6.9 and 7.4 respectively. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that MR/CH nanoparticles were non-cytotoxic towards normal cells and toxic to cancer cells. Also, 5FU loaded MR/CH nanoparticles were found more effective than free 5FU in its sustained and controlled manner of killing breast adenocarcinoma cells. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled MR/CH nanoparticles were used for cell binding and uptake studies; thereby demonstrating the application of dye tagged MR/CH nanoparticles for safe and nontoxic mode of live cellular imaging. We report the introduction of an extremophilic bacterial polysaccharide, MR, for the first time as a novel biocompatible and stable biomaterial to the world of nanotechnology, pharmaceutics and biomedical technology.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Sreejith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raveendran
authors.forename: Aby C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Poulose
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: D Sakthi
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020632:Halomonas / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D005472:Fluorouracil