title: CD4+ T-cell responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus in vaccinated cattle.
abstract: We have performed a series of studies to investigate the role of CD4(+) T-cells in the immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) post-vaccination. Virus neutralizing antibody titres (VNT) in cattle vaccinated with killed FMD commercial vaccine were significantly reduced and class switching delayed as a consequence of rigorous in vivo CD4(+) T-cell depletion. Further studies were performed to examine whether the magnitude of T-cell proliferative responses correlated with the antibody responses. FMD vaccination was found to induce T-cell proliferative responses, with CD4(+) T-cells responding specifically to the FMDV antigen. In addition, gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was detected in the supernatant of FMDV antigen-stimulated PBMC and purified CD4(+) T-cells from vaccinated cattle. Similarly, intracellular IFN-γ could be detected specifically in purified CD4(+) T-cells after restimulation. It was not possible to correlate in vitro proliferative responses or IFN-γ production of PBMC with VNT, probably as a consequence of the induction of T-independent and T-dependent antibody responses and antigen non-specific T-cell responses. However, our studies demonstrate the importance of stimulating CD4(+) T-cell responses for the induction of optimum antibody responses to FMD-killed vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, RG20 7NN, UK.
authors.forename: B Veronica
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.affiliation: Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, RG20 7NN, UK.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lefevre
authors.affiliation: Pirbright Institute, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Miriam A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Windsor
authors.affiliation: Pirbright Institute, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Inghese
authors.affiliation: Pirbright Institute, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gubbins
authors.affiliation: Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, RG20 7NN, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.affiliation: Pirbright Institute, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Juleff
authors.affiliation: Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, RG20 7NN, UK.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charleston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma