title: Performance of the NIST goniocolorimeter with a broad-band source and multichannel charged coupled device based spectrometer.
abstract: The authors describe the NIST high-efficiency instrument for measurements of bidirectional reflectance distribution function of colored materials, including gonioapparent materials such as metallic and pearlescent coatings. The five-axis goniospectrometer measures the spectral reflectance of samples over a wide range of illumination and viewing angles. The implementation of a broad-band source and a multichannel CCD spectrometer corrected for stray light significantly increased the efficiency of the goniometer. In the extended range of 380 nm to 1050 nm, a reduction of measurement time from a few hours to a few minutes was obtained. Shorter measurement time reduces the load on the precise mechanical assembly ensuring high angular accuracy over time. We describe the application of matrix-based correction of stray light and the extension of effective dynamic range of measured fluxes to the values of 10(6) to 10(7) needed for the absolute characterization of samples. The measurement uncertainty was determined to be 0.7% (k = 2), which is comparable with similar instruments operating in a single channel configuration. Several examples of reflectance data obtained with the improved instrument indicate a 0.3% agreement compared to data collected with the single channel configuration.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Podobedov
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nadal