title: Establishment of an immunodeficient alcohol mouse model to study the effects of alcohol on human cells in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of alcohol (ethanol) are well documented and contribute to significant health problems and financial burden on the health care system. Several mouse models have been described that facilitate studies of the effects of alcohol on the mouse immune system. Our goal was to establish a chronic alcohol mouse model using the immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mouse. This severely immunodeficient model has previously been shown to allow efficient engraftment of human hematopoietic repopulating cells and cancer cells, thereby facilitating diverse studies on human hematopoiesis, immune cell function, and oncogenesis in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  NSG mice were provided ethanol in their drinking water as the only available fluid, starting at 5% weight/volume (w/v) and subsequently were increased to 10%, 15%, and 20% w/v. Mice were then maintained at 20% w/v, a level that models chronic alcohol use in humans. Alcohol consumption and weight were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NSG mice readily consumed alcohol throughout the study and showed no adverse effects. No significant difference between group mean weights was identified the day before increasing the ethanol dose or at the end of 5 weeks at 20% w/v (p > .28). While the mice were maintained at 20% w/v ethanol, the mean daily ethanol intake was 27.2 g/kg of body weight, 32% of caloric intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here we have established a chronic alcohol mouse model using the powerful immunodeficient NSG mouse. This model should allow for novel studies on the effects of alcohol on engrafted human cells, including studies on the effects of alcohol on hematopoiesis, immunity, and cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Logan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Battrell
authors.forename: Gary G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: Grant D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Trobridge
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*