title: Non-compliance maxillary molar distalizing appliances: an overview of the last decade.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a literature review focusing on the use of non-compliance intraoral appliances for molar distalization therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search ranged from January 1999 to December 2009 in order to describe dento-alveolar changes and skeletal vertical modifications following the use of conventional anchorage intraoral distalizing appliances. The quality of the retrieved studies was ranked on a 12-points scale, from low to high quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 214 articles were found and only 24 were considered eligible for the critical examination. Maxillary first molar distalization ranged from 6.4mm to 0.5mm with a concomitant distal tipping from 18.5° to bodily distalization. A smaller amount of distal movement and a greater amount of crown tipping can be noted at second molars. Premolar anchorage loss and incisor proclination represent an unavoidable side-effect and ranged from 4.33 mm to 0.73 mm and from 13.7° to 0.6° respectively. Skeletal vertical modifications were noted. Increase in vertical facial dimension ranged from 1.5° to -1.8° and lower anterior facial height ranged from an increase of 3.2 to a decrease of 0.6 mm. The assessment of study quality showed that 19 studies were of low quality, 3 of medium quality and 2 of medium-high quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maxillary molar distalization can be effectively performed with the use of noncompliance intraoral appliances. As a consequence, premolar anchorage loss, incisor proclination and a slight increase in vertical facial dimension can occur. Because of the lack of high-quality studies the findings of this review should be carefully interpreted.
authors.affiliation: maurocozzani@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cozzani
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caprioglio
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology*; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D010349:Patient Compliance; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome