title: Efficacy of indoor residual spraying using lambda-cyhalothrin for controlling nontarget vector fleas (Siphonaptera) on commensal rats in a plague endemic region of northwestern Uganda.
abstract: Over the past two decades, the majority of human plague cases have been reported from areas in Africa, including Uganda. In an effort to develop affordable plague control methods within an integrated vector control framework, we evaluated the efficacy of indoor residual spraying (IRS) techniques commonly used for mosquito control for controlling fleas on hut-dwelling commensal rodents in a plague-endemic region of Uganda. We evaluated both the standard IRS spraying (walls and ceiling) and a modified IRS technique that included insecticide application on not only on walls and ceiling but also a portion of the floor of each treated hut. Our study demonstrated that both the standard and modified IRS applications were effective at significantly reducing the flea burden and flea infestation of commensal rodents for up to 100 d after application, suggesting that IRS could potentially provide simultaneous control of mosquito and fleaborne diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. gqx1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Jeff N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Borchert
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Eisen
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Atiku
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Delorey
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Mpanga
authors.forename: Nackson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Babi
authors.forename: Russell E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Enscore
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gage
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010930:Plague / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats / Q000469:parasitology; D005423:Siphonaptera; D014454:Uganda
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C037304:cyhalothrin