title: Vitamin D status and the Cdx-2 polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene are determining factors of bone mineral density in young healthy postmenopausal women.
abstract: Bone mineral density (BMD) is a main determinant of osteoporotic fractures. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 229 young, healthy postmenopausal women (PMW) to evaluate the contribution of the vitamin D endocrine system and other clinical, biochemical and genetic parameters. Clinical risk factors for osteoporosis were obtained by a questionnaire. Serum concentrations of 25OHD, 1,25(OH)2D, PTH, and bone turnover markers were measured. The BsmI, FokI and Cdx-2 polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene were determined. DXA and the WHO criteria were applied for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Univariate logistic and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<50nmol/l) was 50%. Age increased osteoporosis risk; whereas body mass index (BMI), number of reproductive years, 25OHD level and the Cdx-2 polymorphism in the VDR gene (when allele A is present) were found to be protective. Therefore, both serum 25OHD and VDR polymorphism should be taken into account in the evaluation and implementation of therapeutic strategies concerning PMW, especially as the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is still alarmingly high even at Southern latitudes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain. bb1cadia@uco.es
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casado-Díaz
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cuenca-Acevedo
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navarro-Valverde
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díaz-Molina
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caballero-Villarraso
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santiago-Mora
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dorado
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Quesada-Gómez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; C491270:CDX2 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C579457:VDR protein, human; D014807:Vitamin D