title: Absence of viruses in amniotic fluid of women with PPROM: a case series.
abstract: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and preterm birth are strongly linked to intrauterine inflammation. Bacterial infection is often not identified as the cause. The objective was to examine the amniotic fluid of women with PPROM for viral genomic content, and to correlate with the presence of bacterial infection and markers of intrauterine inflammation. A case series of 13 women with PPROM is presented. Amniocentesis was performed in each of these women. DNA/RNA isolated from amniotic fluid was tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and -2, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus-2 (AAV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), parvovirus B19, human papilloma viruses (HPV), and enteroviruses. Maternal and neonatal hospital course and laboratory information, including results of amniotic fluid inflammatory marker testing and bacterial culture, were determined from the medical record. All amniotic fluid samples were negative for HSV-1 and HSV-2, adenovirus, AAV-2, CMV, parvovirus B19, HPV, and enteroviruses. Six of the 13 fluid samples (46%) had positive bacterial cultures, including culture for atypical organisms. In a small series of women, viral infection as assessed by the presence of viral genomic content in the amniotic fluid was not associated with PPROM.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. anaresh@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naresh
authors.forename: Hyagriv
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Simhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D018836:Inflammation Mediators