title: Novel mutation in Sjogren-Larsson syndrome is associated with divergent neurologic phenotypes.
abstract: Sjögren-Larsson syndrome is an inherited disorder of lipid metabolism caused by mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene that codes for fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase, which results in accumulation of fatty aldehydes and alcohols and is characterized by ichthyosis, intellectual disability, and spastic diplegia/quadriplegia. The authors describe 2 unrelated Honduran patients who carried the same novel homozygous nonsense mutation (c.1309A>T, p.K437X) and ALDH3A2 DNA haplotype, but widely differed in disease severity. One patient exhibited spastic quadriplegia with unusual neuroregression, whereas the other patient had the usual static form of spastic diplegia with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Biochemical analyses showed a similar profound deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and impaired fatty alcohol metabolism in both patients' cultured fibroblasts. These results indicate that variation in the neurologic phenotype of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome is not strictly determined by the ALDH3A2 mutation or the biochemical defect as expressed in cultured fibroblasts, but by unidentified epigenetic/environmental factors, gene modifiers, or other mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Kenton R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: S'Aulis
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amador
authors.forename: M Gisele
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Matheus
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Rizzo
mesh_terms: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007057:Ichthyosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016111:Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C038828:long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase