title: Pharmacist Assisted Medication Program Enhancing the Regulation of Diabetes (PAMPERED) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate that pharmacists working with physicians and other providers in an ambulatory care setting can improve glucose, blood pressure, and lipid control for patients with type 2 diabetes and to report patient adherence to screening and general preventive measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, clinical practice study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Burlington, MA, between January 2001 and August 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  164 patients patients with type 2 diabetes older than 18 years with glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) greater than 8%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacist-patient clinic visits included obtaining a comprehensive medication review; performing targeted physical assessment; ordering laboratory tests; reviewing, modifying, and monitoring patients' medication therapy and providing detailed counseling on all therapies; facilitating self-monitoring of blood glucose; and providing reinforcement of dietary guidelines and exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effect of clinical pharmacists working with physicians in an ambulatory setting on health measures (e.g., A1C, blood pressure, cholesterol) of patients with diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. After 1 year, significant improvements occurred for A1C and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the intervention group compared with the control group (A1C, 7.7% vs. 8.4%; LDL, 93.7 vs. 105.1 mg/dL; P < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure improved for all study patients without a difference between the two groups. Diastolic blood pressure improved significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group (73.4 mm Hg vs. 77.6 mm Hg, P < 0.05). Significantly more intervention patients were screened for retinopathy, neuropathy, and microalbuminuria than control patients ( P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For all indices measured, this study demonstrated that collaborative diabetes management with a clinical pharmacist can improve overall care.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacotherapy Clinic, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA, USA. m.jacobs@neu.edu
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Pamela S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sherry
authors.forename: Leigh M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Tataronis
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cushing
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000628:therapy*; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010595:Pharmacists; D024382:Professional Role; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids