title: The Functional Dexterity Test: test-retest reliability analysis and up-to date reference norms.
abstract: METHODS
  Clinical measurement.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Among the available tests for fine finger dexterity, the Functional Dexterity Test (FDT) has been indicated as a valid instrument to measure outcome in different conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze test-retest reliability, to study the influence of gender, age and hand dominance on the FDT score, and to collect reference norms for adult and elderly age-groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test-retest reliability was calculated with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) in a subgroup of 324 healthy volunteers. An enlarged sample of 698 subjects, tested at least once, was used to present stratified data for age group, sex, and hand dominance, and ANOVA was used to investigate statistically significant differences between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FDT showed excellent reliability (ICC > 0.90; SEM: <2 s for net times; <3 s for total scores). Age, gender and hand dominance significantly influenced FDT scores (p < 0.05), but no interaction between variables was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDT is confirmed as reliable, and up-to-date reference norms over a broad range of ages of the Italian adult population have been provided.
  
  
  METHODS
  NA.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Occupational Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Scientific Institute of Veruno, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sartorio
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bravini
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vercelli
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferriero
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plebani
authors.forename: Calogero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foti
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franchignoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult