title: Three-dimensional ultrasonography measurement of fetal nasal bone length during the midtrimester in Taiwanese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the normal range of the fetal nasal bone length (NBL) in Taiwanese women using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, and compare the NBL of normal fetuses with Down syndrome to determine its significance in screening for trisomy 21.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 consecutive fetuses and another 7 fetuses with trisomy 21, determined by karyotyping at 15-22 weeks' gestation, were evaluated with 3D ultrasound before amniocentesis at Changhua Christian Hospital between November 2003 and April 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The normal range for NBL in the second trimester in the Taiwanese population was investigated, and a linear relationship with gestational age was noted. The NBL increased with advancing gestational age (NBL in cm=0.0264×gestational age in weeks -0.042 (R(2)=0.2416). The median of the biparietal diameter/nasal bone length ratio had a stable value which tended to change minimally between 15 and 22 weeks of gestation. Chromosomally normal fetuses had statistically longer nasal bones than fetuses with Down syndrome (p=0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a reference range for 3D ultrasound measurement of the fetal NBL. A short nasal bone at 15 to 22 weeks is associated with a high risk of trisomy 21.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Yin
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Joung-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Guang-Perng
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsung-Che Hsieh
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016014:Linear Models; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012016:Reference Values; D013624:Taiwan; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods