title: Agreement in Mother and Father Acceptance-Rejection, Warmth, and Hostility/Rejection/Neglect of Children across Nine Countries.
abstract: We assessed whether mothers' and fathers' self-reports of acceptance-rejection, warmth, and hostility/rejection/neglect (HRN) of their pre-adolescent children differ cross-nationally and relative to the gender of the parent and child in 10 communities in 9 countries, including China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States (N = 998 families). Mothers and fathers in all countries reported a high degree of acceptance and warmth, and a low degree of HRN, but countries also varied. Mothers reported greater acceptance of children than fathers in China, Italy, Sweden, and the United States, and these effects were accounted for by greater self-reported warmth in mothers than fathers in China, Italy, the Philippines, Sweden, and Thailand and less HRN in mothers than fathers in Sweden. Fathers reported greater warmth than mothers in Kenya. Mother and father acceptance-rejection were moderately correlated. Relative levels of mother and father acceptance and rejection appear to be country specific.
authors.affiliation: Child and Family Research,  Eunice Kennedy Shriver  National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, USA.
authors.forename: Diane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Putnick
authors.forename: Marc H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lansford
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kirby
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deater-Deckard
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Giunta
authors.forename: Sevtap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gurdal
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dodge
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oburu
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pastorelli
authors.forename: Ann T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sorbring
authors.forename: Sombat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tapanya
authors.forename: Liliana Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Uribe Tirado
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zelli
authors.forename: Liane Peña
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Alampay
authors.forename: Suha M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Al-Hassan
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bacchini
authors.forename: Anna Silvia
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bombi