title: Development and validation of the self-management profile for type 2 diabetes (SMP-T2D).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the measurement properties of a newly developed instrument - the Self-Management Profile for Type 2 Diabetes (SMP-T2D).
  
  
  METHODS
  The 18-item SMP-T2D assesses 12 constructs: level and perceived ease of performance in five self-care domains (blood glucose monitoring, medication-taking, healthy eating, being physically active, and coping), and two global constructs (ease of weight management, confidence with ability to manage diabetes). Validation analyses were based on two studies involving 240 patients with T2D, Study 1 (Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT00637273) with SMP-T2D administration supplemented by SMP-T2D retest one week later, and Study 2 (Clinical trials.gov #NCT00877890) with SMP-T2D administration supplemented by 24-week SMP-T2D follow-up after medication change. Validation included clinical indicators and measures of patient reported quality of life, psychological well-being and treatment outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All multi-item SMP-T2D measures showed acceptable internal consistency (alphas = 0.71 to 0.87); ten measures had test-retest reliability >0.75. Correlations among SMP-T2D measures and between SMP-T2D measures and validation measures, which were as hypothesized, provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Scores for six SMP-T2D measures improved significantly during Study 2. Multiple regression analysis showed independent associations between change in SMP-T2D measures and change in trial outcomes from baseline to end-of-study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two studies provide preliminary evidence regarding the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the SMP-T2D. Further research on the utility of the instrument is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. mark.peyrot@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peyrot
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bushnell
authors.forename: Jennie H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: Mona L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Patrick
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*