title: Evaluation of a new 240-μm single-use holmium:YAG optical fiber for flexible ureteroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser fibers are available for flexible ureteroscopy. Performance and durability of fibers can vary widely among different manufacturers and their product lines with differences within a single product line have been reported. We sought to evaluate a newly developed nontapered, single-use 240-μm fiber, Flexiva™ 200 (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA), during clinical use and in a bench-testing model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 new fibers were tested after their use in 100 consecutive flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy procedures by a single surgeon (B.K.). Prospectively recorded clinical parameters were laser pulse energy and frequency settings, total energy delivered and fibers failure. Subsequently, each fiber was bench-tested using an established protocol. Parameters evaluated for were fibers true diameter, flexibility, tip degradation, energy transmission in straight and 180° bend configuration and fibers failure threshold with stress testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean total energy delivered was 2.20 kJ (range 0-18.24 kJ) and most common laser settings used were 0.8 J at 8 Hz, 0.2 J at 50 Hz, and 1.0 J at 10 Hz, respectively. No fiber fractured during clinical procedures. The true fiber diameter was 450 μm. Fiber tips burnt back an average of 1.664 mm, but were highly variable. With laser setting of 400 mJ at 5 Hz, the mean energy transmitted was 451 and 441 mJ in straight and 180° bend configuration, respectively. Thirteen percent of fibers fractured at the bend radius of 0.5 cm with a positive correlation to the total energy transmitted during clinical use identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fiber performance was consistent in terms of energy transmission and resistance to fracture when activated in bent configuration. Fiber failure during stress testing showed significant correlation with the total energy delivered during the clinical procedure. The lack of fiber fracture during clinical use may reduce the risk of flexible endoscope damage due to fiber failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
authors.forename: Tariq A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Khemees
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antiporda
authors.forename: Joel M H
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Teichman
authors.forename: Bodo E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Knudsen
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D055100:Optical Fibers; D018583:Pliability; D020709:Ureteroscopes; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*