title: Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of crude oil from winter melon (Benincasa hispida) seed using response surface methodology and evaluation of its antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and fatty acid composition.
abstract: In the present study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of crude oil from winter melon seeds was investigated through response surface methodology (RSM). Process variables were power level (25-75%), temperature (45-55 °C) and sonication time (20-40 min). It was found that all process variables have significant (p < 0.05) effects on the response variable. A central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the optimum process conditions. Optimal conditions were identified as 65% power level, 52 °C temperature and 36 min sonication time for maximum crude yield (108.62 mg-extract/g-dried matter). The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and fatty acid composition of extract obtained under optimized conditions were determined and compared with those of oil obtained by the Soxhlet method. It was found that crude extract yield (CEY) of ultrasound-assisted extraction was lower than that of the Soxhlet method, whereas antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the extract obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction were clearly higher than those of the Soxhlet extract. Furthermore, both extracts were rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids of the both extracts were linoleic acid and oleic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. mandanabimakr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mandana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bimakr
authors.forename: Russly Abdul
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Farah Saleena
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Taip
authors.forename: Noranizan Mohd
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Adzahan
authors.forename: Md Zaidul Islam
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Sarker
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganjloo
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019662:Cucurbitaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013010:Sonication; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils