title: A new effective assay to detect antimicrobial activity of filamentous fungi.
abstract: The search for new antimicrobial compounds and the optimization of production methods turn the use of antimicrobial susceptibility tests a routine. The most frequently used methods are based on agar diffusion assays or on dilution in agar or broth. For filamentous fungi, the most common antimicrobial activity detection methods comprise the co-culture of two filamentous fungal strains or the use of fungal extracts to test against single-cell microorganisms. Here we report a rapid, effective and reproducible assay to detect fungal antimicrobial activity against single-cell microorganisms. This method allows an easy way of performing a fast antimicrobial screening of actively growing fungi directly against yeast. Because it makes use of an actively growing mycelium, this bioassay also provides a way for studying the production dynamics of antimicrobial compounds by filamentous fungi. The proposed assay is less time consuming and introduces the innovation of allowing the direct detection of fungal antimicrobial properties against single cell microorganisms without the prior isolation of the active substance(s). This is particularly useful when performing large screenings for fungal antimicrobial activity. With this bioassay, antimicrobial activity of Hypholoma fasciculare against yeast species was observed for the first time.
authors.affiliation: CIMO/School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-854 Bragança, Portugal.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Rui M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lino-Neto
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Almeida-Aguiar
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D025282:Mycelium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents