title: Cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics: hearing loss and its prevention.
abstract: This review introduces the pathology of aminoglycoside antibiotic and the cisplatin chemotherapy classes of drugs, discusses oxidative stress in the inner ear as a primary trigger for cell damage, and delineates the ensuing cell death pathways. Among potentially ototoxic (damaging the inner ear) therapeutics, the platinum-based anticancer drugs and the aminoglycoside antibiotics are of critical clinical importance. Both drugs cause sensorineural hearing loss in patients, a side effect that can be reproduced in experimental animals. Hearing loss is reflected primarily in damage to outer hair cells, beginning in the basal turn of the cochlea. In addition, aminoglycosides might affect the vestibular system while cisplatin seems to have a much lower likelihood to do so. Finally, based on an understanding the mechanisms of ototoxicity pharmaceutical ways of protection of the cochlea are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5616, USA. schacht@umich.edu
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schacht
authors.forename: Andra E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Talaska
authors.forename: Leonard P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Rybak
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D020011:Protective Agents; D002945:Cisplatin