title: Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323-mediated resistance in Brassica oleracea var. capitata to Rhizoctonia solani involves the novel expression of a glutathione S-transferase and a deoxycytidine deaminase.
abstract: Plant interactions with microbial biocontrol agents are used as experimental models to understand resistance-related molecular adaptations of plants. In a hydroponic three-way interaction study, a novel  Trichoderma harzianum  ETS 323 mediated mechanism was found to induce resistance to  Rhizoctonia solani  infection in  Brassica oleracea  var. capitata plantlets. The  R. solani  challenge on leaves initiate an increase in lipoxygenase activity and associated hypersensitive tissue damage with characteristic "programmed cell death" that facilitate the infection. However,  B. oleracea  plantlets whose roots were briefly (6 h) colonized by  T. harzianum  ETS 323 developed resistance to  R. solani  infection through a significant reduction of the host hypersensitive tissue damage. The resistance developed in the distal leaf tissue was associated with the expression of a H(2)O(2)-inducible glutathione S-transferase (BoGST), which scavenges cytotoxic reactive electrophiles, and of a deoxycytidine deaminase (BoDCD), which modulates the host molecular expression and potentially neutralizes the DNA adducts and maintains DNA integrity. The cDNAs of BoGST and BoDCD were cloned and sequenced; their expressions were verified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and were found to be transcriptionally activated during the three-way interaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and the Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan (ROC).
authors.forename: Marthandam Asokan
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shibu
authors.forename: Hong-Shin
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsueh-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kou-Cheng
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D001937:Brassica / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; C011530:deoxycytidine deaminase