title: The role of advanced practice providers in pediatric otolaryngology academic practices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to examine the roles of Physician Assistants (PAs) and Nurse Practitioners (NPs) in pediatric academic otolaryngology programs to provide a better understanding of their scope of practice, levels of autonomy, clinical duties, teaching opportunities and research participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anonymous web-based electronic survey tool was sent to all pediatric otolaryngology fellowship program directors in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants are utilized in approximately 3 out of every 4 pediatric otolaryngology practices. The top three job activities of both the PA and NP were: (1) seeing patients independently, (2) working alongside doctors in clinic, and (3) answering phone lines/parental calls. A higher percentage of PAs (83%), worked alongside doctors in clinic, as compared to NPs, where only 55% work alongside MDs. Over half of PAs round with the in-patient team and see consults as compared to just over one third of NPs who participate in such activities. Twenty-five percent of practices reported that PAs cover call and assist in the OR. Most PAs/NPs saw between 11 and 15 patients per clinic which provides a clear productivity advantage when looking to screen patients, provide medical care, generate surgical cases, and maximize billings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NPs and PAs have complimentary skill sets ideal for the pediatric otolaryngology workplace, although job activities and "best fit" are hospital and practice dependent. Our study suggests that the use of PAs and NPs will continue to grow to meet increased demand for services in the field of pediatric otolaryngology. Employing advanced practice providers enables academic centers to improve access, provide additional financial remuneration, reduce wait times for new patients, and allow attending physicians to meet increased practice demands.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave., N.W, Washington, DC 20010, United States. breilly@cnmc.org
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Gretchen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brandon
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Preciado
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zalzal
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010036:Otolaryngology; D010372:Pediatrics; D010823:Physician Assistants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D024382:Professional Role; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce