title: Biogenic amine content, histamine-forming bacteria, and adulteration of pork in tuna sausage products.
abstract: Twenty-five tuna sausage products were purchased from retail markets in Taiwan. The rates of occurrence of biogenic amines, histamine-forming bacteria, and adulteration by pork and poultry were determined. The average content of various biogenic amines in all tested samples was less  than 2.0 mg/100 g (<0.05 to 1.85 mg/100 g). Thirteen histamine-producing bacterial strains isolated from tested samples produced 12.1 to 1,261 ppm of histamine in Trypticase soy broth supplemented with 1.0% L-histidine. Among them, Raoultella ornithinolytica (one strain), Enterobacter  aerogenes (one strain), and Staphylococcus pasteuri (two strains) were identified as prolific histamine formers. PCR assay revealed that the adulteration rates were 80% (20 of 25) and 4% (1 of 25) for pork and poultry, respectively, in tuna sausage. The fish species in the tuna  sausage samples were identified as Thunnus albacares for 22 samples (88%), Thunnus alalunga for 1 sample (4%), and Thunnus thynnus for 1 sample (4%), whereas the remaining sample was identified as Makaira nigricans (blue marlin).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China. khfeng@mail.tajen.edu.tw
authors.forename: Hsien-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Yung-Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Shih-Chih
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Tang-Yao
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006632:Histamine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D011202:Poultry Products / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology; D013624:Taiwan; D014413:Tuna / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D006632:Histamine