title: Ubiquinol decreases monocytic expression and DNA methylation of the pro-inflammatory chemokine ligand 2 gene in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coenzyme Q₁₀ is an essential cofactor in the respiratory chain and serves in its reduced form, ubiquinol, as a potent antioxidant. Studies in vitro and in vivo provide evidence that ubiquinol reduces inflammatory processes via gene expression. Here we investigate the putative link between expression and DNA methylation of ubiquinol sensitive genes in monocytes obtained from human volunteers supplemented with 150 mg/ day ubiquinol for 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ubiquinol decreases the expression of the pro-inflammatory chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 gene (CXCL2) more than 10-fold. Bisulfite-/ MALDI-TOF-based analysis of regulatory regions of the CXCL2 gene identified six adjacent CpG islands which showed a 3.4-fold decrease of methylation status after ubiquinol supplementation. This effect seems to be rather gene specific, because ubiquinol reduced the expression of two other pro-inflammatory genes (PMAIP1, MMD) without changing the methylation pattern of the respective gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, ubiquinol decreases monocytic expression and DNA methylation of the pro-inflammatory CXCL2 gene in humans. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN26780329.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onur
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmelzer
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Döring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000187:drug effects; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C499706:CXCL2 protein, human; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014451:Ubiquinone; C003741:ubiquinol