title: Mouse model of plasma cell mastitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma cell mastitis is distinct from the common form of mastitis and clinically resembles breast carcinoma. The lesion occurs in non-lactating young women, and the incidence rate is rising. Surgical resection is the main treatment, but cannot prevent recurrence of the disease. Disfigurement or removal of breast after the operations can cause marked physical and psychological distress. The etiology of plasma cell mastitis is unclear up till now. It is therefore necessary to investigate further the underlying immunological changes of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The lesions of plasma cell mastitis removed from patients through aseptic operation were mixed with normal saline into homogenate tube machine (homogenate tubes were disinfected and sterilized prior to treatment). The mixture was homogenized at medium speed and grinded in ultrasonic cell disruptor. The homogenate obtained was made into oil emulsion with Freund's adjuvant. Thirty female BALB/c mice (6 weeks after sexual maturity) were divided into five groups A-E: group A was blank control; group B was normal saline control; group C was inoculated with 0.02 ml water-in-oil emulsion; group D was inoculated with 0.04 ml water-in-oil emulsion; group E was complete Freund's adjuvant control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pathology results showed that mouse mammary gland acinar cells remained integral without any abnormal changes observed in control groups A and B. Experimental groups C and D showed dilation of mouse mammary ductal tissue with a large number of epithelial cells and debris in the lumen, and fibrosis around ducts accompanied by large duct cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and especially plasma cell infiltration. Pathological changes were observed in 3 (50%) mice and 5 (83.3%) mice in group C and D respectively. In group E, neutrophil infiltration in mammary gland was observed in 5 mice, but neither infiltration of plasma cells nor other abnormal pathological changes were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lesions of patient with plasma cell mastitis could make the female BALB/c mice experience the similar clinical and pathological manifestation. High-dose group can successfully establish a mouse model of plasma cell mastitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical-oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, PR China. yujjster@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jian-jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shan-lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Sheng-lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Da-Qing
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wings T Y
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Louis W C
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Qiong
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yun-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Adrian Y S
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Elizabeth L Y
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000473:pathology; D008413:Mastitis / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000473:pathology*