title: Impact of a pharmacist-led warfarin self-management program on quality of life and anticoagulation control: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-led warfarin patient self-management program on quality of life and anticoagulation control compared with management in a physician-led specialized anticoagulation clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 114 patients aged 18-75 years who were followed at a specialized anticoagulation clinic, had received warfarin for at least 6 months, and were expected to continue warfarin for a minimum of 4 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients attended an educational session on anticoagulation provided by a pharmacist. Patients randomized to the self-management group (58 patients) also received practical training to use the CoaguChek XS device and a self-management dosing algorithm. Patients in the control group (56 patients) continued to undergo standard management at the anticoagulation clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients completed a validated quality-of-life questionnaire and the validated Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge test at the beginning and end of the study. The quality of anticoagulation control was evaluated by using the time spent in therapeutic range. After 4 months of follow-up, a significant improvement in the self-management group was observed compared with the control group in four of the five quality-of-life topics (p<0.05). Improvements in knowledge were observed in both groups after the training session and persisted after 4 months (p<0.05 for all). The time spent in the therapeutic range (80.0% in the self-management group vs 75% in the control group, p=0.79) and in the extended therapeutic range ([target international normalized ratio ± 0.3] 93.2% in the self-management group vs 91.1% in the control group, p=0.30) were similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A self-management warfarin program led by pharmacists resulted in significant improvement in the quality of life of patients receiving warfarin therapy as well as a reduction in the time required for anticoagulation monitoring, while maintaining a level of anticoagulation control similar to a high-quality specialized anticoagulation clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Montreal Heart Institute-Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. lucie.verret@icm-mhi.org
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verret
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Couturier
authors.forename: Andréanne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rozon
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saudrais-Janecek
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: St-Onge
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Arsène
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basmadjian
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brouillette
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Denus
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006782:Hospitals, Special; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010595:Pharmacists; D011788:Quality of Life; D011792:Quebec; D012646:Self Administration; D012648:Self Care / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000078329:Workforce; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin