title: Loss of S100A14 expression is associated with the progression of adenocarcinomas of the small intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIAC) is an exceedingly rare human malignant tumor, and its association with the S100A14 gene is not known yet. We aimed to investigate the clinicopathological correlations between S100A14 expression and SIAC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical analyses of S100A14, p21 and p53 were performed using tissue microarray analysis of 175 surgically resected SIACs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 175 SIACs, loss of S100A14 expression was observed in 128 cases (73.1%). Loss of S100A14 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.009) and advanced disease stage (p = 0.013), and was more frequently observed in distal than duodenal tumors (p = 0.043). The majority of SIACs lost p21 expression (93.7%), and significant loss of p21 expression was observed in cancers with high pT stages (pT(3) and pT(4); p = 0.011), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.029) and advanced cancer stage defined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (p = 0.005). Overexpression of p53 was found in 23.4% of cases. Positive expression of p53 was associated with distally located SIACs (jejunum or ileum; p = 0.006). There was no association between the expression of S100A14 and p21 or p53.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of S100A14 in SIAC is common and is associated with higher metastatic potential and advanced clinical stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Gwangil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joon-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Sun-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Dae Woon
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.forename: Young Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Kee-Taek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jihun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eunsil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Seung-Mo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; C462950:S100A14 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins