title: Incremental benefits of a daily report card intervention over time for youth with disruptive behavior.
abstract: This study examined the percentage of children who respond positively to a daily report card (DRC) intervention and the extent to which students achieve incremental benefits with each month of intervention in a general education classroom. Participants were 66 children (87% male) with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or disruptive behavior problems who were enrolled in a school-based intervention program in rural, low-income school districts in a Midwest state. The DRC was implemented by each child's teacher, who received consultation from a graduate student clinician, school district counselor, or school district social worker. A latent class analysis using growth-mixture modeling identified two classes of response patterns (i.e., significant improvement and significant decline). Results indicated that 72% of the sample had all of their target behaviors classified as improved, 8% had all of their targets classified as declining, and 20% had one target behavior in each class. To examine the monthly incremental benefit of the DRC, individual effect sizes were calculated. Results for the overall sample indicated that most children experience a benefit of large magnitude (.78) within the first month, with continued incremental benefits through Month 4. The differential pattern of effect sizes for the group of improvers and the group of decliners offer data to determine when and if the DRC should be discontinued and an alternative strategy attempted. Evidence-based guidelines for practical implementation of the DRC are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Ohio University, Athens, OH 45710, USA. owensj@ohio.edu
authors.forename: Julie Sarno
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Alex S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Holdaway
authors.forename: Allison K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Zoromski
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Lina K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Himawan
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girio-Herrera
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome