title: Clostridium difficile in young farm animals and slaughter animals in Belgium.
abstract: Faecal carriage of Clostridium difficile in healthy animals has been reported recently, especially in piglets and calves. However there is limited data about carriage in animals just prior to slaughter in Europe. The main objective of this study was to determine the presence of C. difficile in pigs and cattle at the slaughterhouse. C. difficile was isolated in 6.9% of the cattle at the slaughterhouse. None of the pig slaughter samples were positive for C. difficile after an enrichment time of 72 h. For complementary data, a short study was conducted in piglets and calves at farms. C. difficile was more prevalent in piglets (78.3%) than in calves (22.2%) on the farms. Regarding the piglet samples, 27.8% of the positive samples were detected without enrichment of stools. The PCR ribotype 078 was predominant in farm animals. Samples isolated from slaughter cattle presented the widest range in PCR-ribotype variety, and the most prevalent PCR ribotype was 118a UCL. The results of this study confirm that C. difficile is present in slaughter animals in Belgium with a large percentage of toxigenic strains also commonly found in humans.
authors.affiliation: Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B43bis, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium. c.rodriguez@ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taminiau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Broeck
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Avesani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delmée
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daube
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015995:Prevalence; D021521:Ribotyping; D013552:Swine