title: A positive sentinel lymph node in periocular invasive squamous cell carcinoma:  a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article was to describe positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) findings in patients with periocular invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective chart review of 5 patients with invasive SCC of the periocular region who underwent SLNB and were found to have regional metastasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had large (2.0-4.3 cm) primary tumors with poor differentiation on pathology. In all 5 patients, SLNB was positive in the absence of other signs or evidence of regional or systemic metastasis. While tumor cells may drain to the preauricular or the submandibular basin, the preauricular lymph node was identified as the sentinel lymph node on lymphoscintigraphy in all 5 patients. With a positive sentinel lymph node, the results of SLNB changed the clinical staging and influenced subsequent treatment recommendations for each patient. We identified no complications related to SLNB including facial nerve damage, lymphedema, or allergic reaction to radioactive tracing material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this series of patients with periocular invasive SCC, SLNB was well tolerated and uncovered regional metastasis in patients with no clinical signs of metastasis otherwise. The SLNB findings influenced subsequent oncologic management recommendations. The usefulness of SLNB for poorly differentiated SCC remains uncertain. Further research is necessary to establish the role of SLNB in periocular SCC.
authors.affiliation: Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA. gchak@stanfordalumni.org
authors.forename: Garrick
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chak
authors.forename: Payam V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Jeremiah P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D005142:Eyelid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid