title: Prevalence and risk factors for symptoms of common mental disorders in early and late pregnancy in Vietnamese women: a prospective population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the prevalence of and risk factors for common mental disorders (CMD) in pregnant women in low-income countries. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of and psychosocial risk factors for clinically significant symptoms of CMD in early and late pregnancy in women in rural Viet Nam.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based sample of women was surveyed in early and late pregnancy. CMD were assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-Viet Nam Validation and psychosocial risks by study-specific structured interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 497/523 (97%) eligible women were recruited and 419 (84%) provided complete data. Prevalence of CMD only in early pregnancy was 22.4% (95% CI 18.4-26.4); only in late pregnancy was 10.7% (95% CI 7.8-13.7) and at both assessment waves was 17.4% (95% CI 13.8-21.1). Non-economic and economic coincidental life adversity, intimate partner violence, past pregnancy loss, and childhood abuse were positively associated with persistent antenatal CMD. Older age, having a preference for the baby's sex, and nulli- or primiparity were risk factors for CMD in early pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistent antenatal CMD are prevalent in rural areas of Viet Nam. Psychosocial risk factors play a major role in this significant public health problem.
authors.affiliation: Jean Hailes Research Unit, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3168, Australia. jane.fisher@monash.edu
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Tuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Thach
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duc Tran
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: Trang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Gerard J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anne Simpson
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanieh
authors.forename: Beverley-Ann
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Biggs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult