title: Comparison of symptom management strategies for pain, erectile dysfunction, and depression in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis: a cluster randomized effectiveness trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pain, erectile dysfunction (ED), and depression are common yet frequently untreated in chronic hemodialysis patients. This study compared two management strategies for these symptoms in this patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain, ED, and depression were assessed monthly during an observation usual care phase. Patients were then randomized to 12-month participation in either a feedback arm in which these symptoms were assessed monthly, renal providers were informed of patients' symptoms, and treatment was left treatment at their discretion; or a nurse management arm in which symptoms were assessed monthly and trained nurses were used to evaluate patients and generate and facilitate the implementation of treatment recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 288 patients enrolled into observation between January 1, 2009 and March 30, 2010, 220 (76%) were randomized. Compared with the feedback approach, the results (shown as Δ symptom score [95% confidence interval]) indicated that nurse management was not associated with improved pain (0.49 [-0.56, 1.54]), ED (0.20 [-0.55, 0.95]), or depression (0.32 [-0.94, 1.58]). Relative to their symptoms during observation, feedback patients experienced small, statistically significant improvements in pain (-0.98 [-1.67, -0.28]), ED (-0.98 [-1.54, -0.41]), and depression (-1.36 [-2.19, -0.54]), whereas nurse management patients experienced small, statistically significant improvements in ED (-0.78 [-1.41, -0.15]) and depression (-1.04 [-2.04, -0.04]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with informing renal providers of their patients' pain, ED, and depression and leaving management at their discretion, a nurse-implemented management strategy does not improve these symptoms. Both approaches modestly reduced symptoms relative to usual care.
authors.affiliation: Renal Section, Medical Specialty Service Line, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. weisbordsd@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Weisbord
authors.forename: Maria K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.forename: Jamie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sevick
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Rollman
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Palevsky
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fine
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000451:nursing; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000451:nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data