title: Convolutamydine A and synthetic analogues have antinociceptive properties in mice.
abstract: Convolutamydine A, an oxindole that originated from a marine bryozoan, has several biological effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effects of convolutamydine A and two new synthetic analogues. Convolutamydine A and the two analogues were given orally to assess their ability to induce antinociceptive effects. Formalin-induced licking response, acetic acid-induced contortions, and hot plate models were used to characterize the effects of convolutamydine A and its analogues. Convolutamydine A (4,6-bromo-3-(2-oxopropyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxindole), compound 1 (3-(2-oxopropyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxindole), and compound 2 (5-bromo-3-(2-oxopropyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxindole) caused peripheral antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in the acetic acid-induced contortions and the formalin-induced licking models. Supraspinal effects were also observed in the hot plate model and were similar to those obtained with morphine. The peripheral effects were not mediated by the cholinergic or opioid systems. The antinociceptive effects of convolutamydine A seem to be mediated by all three systems (cholinergic, opioid, and nitric oxide systems), and the mechanism of action of compounds 1 and 2 involved cholinergic and nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. Convolutamydine A and its analogues (compounds 1 and 2) showed good antinociceptive ability after systemic administration in acute pain models. The antinociceptive action mediated by cholinergic, opioid, and nitric oxide systems could explain why convolutamydine A, compound 1, and compound 2 retained their antinociceptive effects. The doses used were similar to the doses of morphine and were much lower than that of acetylsalicylic acid, the classical analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. In conclusion, convolutamydine A and the two analogues demonstrated antinociceptive effects comparable to morphine's effects.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Óxido Nítrico, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela S M
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Renata S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Zardo
authors.forename: Bárbara V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Flávio A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Violante
authors.forename: Angelo C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Patricia D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007510:Isatin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; C533541:convolutamydine A; D007510:Isatin