title: The neural correlates of emotion-based cognitive control in adults with early childhood behavioral inhibition.
abstract: The present study is the first to assess whether the neural correlates of cognitive control processes differ in adults with and without a behaviorally inhibited temperament during early childhood. Adults with and without childhood behavioral inhibition completed an emotional conflict task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. While no group differences in behavior were observed, adults with childhood behavioral inhibition, relative to adults without childhood behavioral inhibition, exhibited greater dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activity during conflict detection and greater putamen activity during conflict adaptation. Lifetime psychopathology predicted behavioral, but not brain-related, differences in conflict adaptation. These data suggest that the brain regions underlying cognitive control processes are differentially influenced by childhood behavioral inhibition, and may be differently related to psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Section on Developmental and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States. johanna.jarcho@nih.gov
authors.forename: Johanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jarcho
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Etkin
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leibenluft
authors.forename: Tomer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shechner
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen