title: Genetic variety of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 strains isolated  from sheep and goats in India.
abstract: Antigenic and genetic typing of pestiviruses isolated from Indian sheep and goats was carried out. Testing of 1777 sheep and 1026 goat blood samples collected between 2004 and 2008 resulted in isolation of twelve pestiviruses, seven from sheep and five from goats. All of them were antigenically typed as bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1). Both the partial 5ʹ-UTR and entire non-structural autoprotease (Npro) gene of the pestiviruses were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed all twelve sheep and goat pestiviruses as BVDV-1 and they were further classified into two subtypes, BVDV-1b (seven) and BVDV-1c (five). This is for the first time that BVDV-1c was detected in sheep and goats. However, no association between the subtype and geographic area of origin was observed. Although closely related, BVDV-1b and BVDV-1c isolates of sheep and goats were placed in a different clade than previously reported Indian BVDV-1b/BVDV-1c isolates. This study confirmed widespread prevalence of BVDV-1 in Indian sheep and goats that has significance in the epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhea.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  bovine viral diarrhea virus; BVDV-1; goat; Npro; genetic typing; sheep; 5ʹ-UTR.
authors.affiliation: High Security Animal Disease Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 021, India. mishranir@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pitale
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajukumar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Behera
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Nema
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dubey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D030241:Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D006041:Goats; D007194:India; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018182:Pestivirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000821:virology*