title: 8-Hydroxycalamenene isolated from the rhizomes of Reynoutria elliptica exerts neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death caused by oxidative stress is a common risk factor for glaucoma. In the present study, 8-hydroxycalamenene was isolated from the hexane fraction of Reynoutria elliptica. We showed that 8-hydroxycalamenene attenuated the cell death of transformed RGC-5 cells. This compound also produced a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of apoptotic proteins (cleaved PARP and caspase-3) induced by l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) plus glutamate and stimulated glutathione and glutathione S-transferase activity. Moreover, the addition of 8-hydroxycalamenene to cell cultures restored the reduced mitochondrial membrane potential resulting from glutamate/BSO treatment. The presence of N-methyl-d-aspartate in the retina of rats affected the thickness of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and increased the number of TUNEL-positive RGCs. However, 8-hydroxycalamenene protected against thinning of the IPL and reduced TUNEL-positive cells in the ganglion cell layer. Thus, 8-hydroxycalamenene isolated from R. elliptica exerts neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Hee Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chul Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Ki
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D045468:Fallopia japonica / Q000737:chemistry*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000633:toxicity; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C438412:8-hydroxycalamenene; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D005978:Glutathione