title: Y-Maze memory task in zebrafish (Danio rerio): the role of glutamatergic and cholinergic systems on the acquisition and consolidation periods.
abstract: The interest in the behavioral features of zebrafish has significantly increased over the past two decades. However, most available protocols have used longer training periods and have been based on reinforcement/reward or avoidance. The Y-Maze memory task has the advantage of using a simple and rapid training session, but it has not been established in zebrafish. Here, we have characterized this task for zebrafish, with the addition of pharmacological interventions in the acquisition and consolidation memory phases. The results show that zebrafish spend more time in the novel arm than in the other arms of the Y-Maze, both in response to novelty and spatial memory training-test intervals (TTIs). We have also studied the involvement of the glutamatergic and cholinergic systems with pre- and post-training treatments with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (20 μM) and the cholinergic blocker scopolamine (200 μM). After 1h of TTI, pre-training MK-801 and scopolamine-treated fish reduced their exploration of the novel arm when compared to the control group, with no changes in their locomotor activity. Post-training of MK-801 treatment also impaired their Y-Maze performance, while post-training of any scopolamine treatment failed to affect novel arm exploration. In conclusion, the Y-Maze memory task can be reliably used for zebrafish, providing a new, rapid, and preference/avoidance independent task for the study of memory in this teleost. In addition, our results highlight the implication of the glutamatergic and cholinergic systems in the memory of zebrafish.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Avenida Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. gi.rock@gmail.com
authors.forename: Giana de P
authors.initials: Gde P
authors.lastname: Cognato
authors.forename: Josiane W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bortolotto
authors.forename: Ana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Blazina
authors.forename: Raíssa R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Christoff
authors.forename: Diogo R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Mônica R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Carla D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bonan
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D035841:Behavioral Research / Q000379:methods; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018683:Excitatory Amino Acid Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D018683:Excitatory Amino Acid Agents; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000109:Acetylcholine