title: Inhibition of irrelevant information is not necessary to performance of expert chess players.
abstract: Some studies on expertise have demonstrated that the difference between novices and experts can be partly due to a lack of knowledge about which information is relevant for a given situation. This lack of knowledge seems to be associated with the selection of correct information and with inhibitory processes. However, while the efficiency of inhibitory processes can lead to better performance in the normal population, it seems that experts in chess do not base their performance on this process but rather on an automatic and parallel encoding of information. Two experiments investigated the processes involved in a check detection task. The congruence of the information was manipulated in a Stroop situation similar to Reingold, Charness, Scheltetus, & Stampe (2001). The results showed that the experts did not benefit from cuing with a congruent cue and that they did not show any interference effect by the incongruent cue, contrary to less skilled chess players who benefited from cuing (Exp. 1). An attentional priming procedure confirmed the automatic encoding of chess relations in the more skilled chess players by showing no advantage from the prime in this group (Exp. 2). Taken together, the results indicate that the processing was serial for the less skilled chess players and that it was automatic and parallel for the more expert chess players. The inhibition of irrelevant information does not seem necessary to process information rapidly and efficiently.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Psychologie, Santé et Qualité de vie EA 4139, University Bordeaux, France. virginie.postal@u-bordeaux2.fr
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Postal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011361:Professional Competence; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D057190:Stroop Test