title: Human parvovirus 4 in nasal and fecal specimens from children, Ghana.
abstract: Nonparenteral transmission might contribute to human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) infections in sub-Saharan Africa. PARV4 DNA was detected in 8 (0.83%) of 961 nasal samples and 5 (0.53%) of 943 fecal samples from 1,904 children in Ghana. Virus concentrations ≤ 6-7 log(10) copies/mL suggest respiratory or fecal-oral modes of PARV4 transmission.
authors.affiliation: University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan Felix
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Reber
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muth
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Augustina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Annan
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ebach
authors.forename: Nimarko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarpong
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Acquah
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adlkofer
authors.forename: Yaw
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adu-Sarkodie
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panning
authors.forename: Egbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tannich
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drosten
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Eis-Hübinger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000821:virology*; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D017992:Parvovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA