title: Stature estimation from the lengths of the growing foot-a study on North Indian adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stature estimation is considered as one of the basic parameters of the investigation process in unknown and commingled human remains in medico-legal case work. Race, age and sex are the other parameters which help in this process. Stature estimation is of the utmost importance as it completes the biological profile of a person along with the other three parameters of identification. The present research is intended to formulate standards for stature estimation from foot dimensions in adolescent males from North India and study the pattern of foot growth during the growing years.
  
  
  METHODS
  154 male adolescents from the Northern part of India were included in the study. Besides stature, five anthropometric measurements that included the length of the foot from each toe (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 respectively) to pternion were measured on each foot. The data was analyzed statistically using Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation, linear and multiple regression analysis for estimation of stature and growth of foot during ages 13-18 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlation coefficients between stature and all the foot measurements were found to be highly significant and positively correlated. Linear regression models and multiple regression models (with age as a co-variable) were derived for estimation of stature from the different measurements of the foot. Multiple regression models (with age as a co-variable) estimate stature with greater accuracy than the regression models for 13-18 years age group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study shows the growth pattern of feet in North Indian adolescents and indicates that anthropometric measurements of the foot and its segments are valuable in estimation of stature in growing individuals of that population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. gargkk@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kewal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krishan
authors.forename: Tanuj
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanchan
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Passi
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: DiMaggio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology*; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D018732:Forensic Anthropology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis