title: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase alters the subcellular localization of Tet family proteins.
abstract: Activation-induced cytidine deminase (Aid), a unique enzyme that deaminates cytosine in DNA, shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. A recent study proposed a novel function of Aid in active DNA demethylation via deamination of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, which is converted from 5-methylcytosine by the Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family of enzymes. In this study, we examined the effect of simultaneous expression of Aid and Tet family proteins on the subcellular localization of each protein. We found that overexpressed Aid is mainly localized in the cytoplasm, whereas Tet1 and Tet2 are localized in the nucleus, and Tet3 is localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. However, nuclear Tet proteins were gradually translocated to the cytoplasm when co-expressed with Aid. We also show that Aid-mediated translocation of Tet proteins is associated with Aid shuttling. Here we propose a possible role for Aid as a regulator of the subcellular localization of Tet family proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reprogramming Science, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arioka
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D005810:Multigene Family; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C540839:TET1 protein, mouse; D049308:Dioxygenases; C551914:Tet2 protein, mouse; C551915:Tet3 protein, mouse; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D003564:Cytidine Deaminase