title: Comparative genomic analysis of human infective Trypanosoma cruzi lineages with the bat-restricted subspecies T. cruzi marinkellei.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trypanosoma cruzi marinkellei is a bat-associated parasite of the subgenus Schizotrypanum and it is regarded as a T. cruzi subspecies. Here we report a draft genome sequence of T. c. marinkellei and comparison with T. c. cruzi. Our aims were to identify unique sequences and genomic features, which may relate to their distinct niches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The T. c. marinkellei genome was found to be ~11% smaller than that of the human-derived parasite T. c. cruzi Sylvio X10. The genome size difference was attributed to copy number variation of coding and non-coding sequences. The sequence divergence in coding regions was ~7.5% between T. c. marinkellei and T. c. cruzi Sylvio X10. A unique acetyltransferase gene was identified in T. c. marinkellei, representing an example of a horizontal gene transfer from eukaryote to eukaryote. Six of eight examined gene families were expanded in T. c. cruzi Sylvio X10. The DGF gene family was expanded in T. c. marinkellei. T. c. cruzi Sylvio X10 contained ~1.5 fold more sequences related to VIPER and L1Tc elements. Experimental infections of mammalian cell lines indicated that T. c. marinkellei has the capacity to invade non-bat cells and undergo intracellular replication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several unique sequences were identified in the comparison, including a potential subspecies-specific gene acquisition in T. c. marinkellei. The identified differences reflect the distinct evolutionary trajectories of these parasites and represent targets for functional investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 285, Stockholm SE 17177, Sweden. Oscar.Franzen@ki.se
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Franzén
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Talavera-López
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ochaya
authors.forename: Claire E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Louisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Messenger
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Llewellyn
authors.forename: Cornelis J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Marinkelle
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000469:parasitology; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000469:parasitology*; D019295:Computational Biology; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D018626:Retroelements / Q000235:genetics; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D018626:Retroelements; D000123:Acetyltransferases