title: Easy sample treatment for the determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues in raw bovine milk by capillary electrophoresis.
abstract: An easy, selective, and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of enrofloxacin (ENR) and its main active metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP), in raw bovine milk using CE with UV detection at 268 nm. Milk samples were prepared by a clean-up/extraction procedure based on protein precipitation with hydrochloride acid followed by being defatted by centrifugation and SPE using a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge. Optimum separation was obtained using a 50 mM phosphoric acid at pH 8.4 and the total electrophoretic run time was 6 min. Sample preparation by this method yielded clean extracts with quantitative and consistent mean recoveries from 89 to 97% for CIP and from 93 to 98% for ENR. LODs obtained were lower to the maximum residue limits for these fluoroquinolones. The precision of the ensuing method is acceptable; thus, the RSD for peak area and migration time was less than 8.5 and 0.5% for CIP and 9.9 and 0.9% for ENR, respectively. The results showed that the proposed method was efficient showing good recoveries, sensitivity, and precision for the studied compounds and could be satisfactorily applied in routine analysis for the monitoring of ENR and CIP residues in milk, due to its ruggedness and feasibility demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
authors.forename: María-Ysabel
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Piñero
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garrido-Delgado
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bauza
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arce
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valcárcel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin