title: [Study on the correlation between the inflammatory factors in the serum and the induced sputum and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in advanced lung adenocarcinoma of different syndromes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the correlation between the inflammatory factors in the serum and the induced sputum and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients of different syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 71 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma were assigned to three groups according to syndrome differentiation, i.e., Shen-yang deficiency (SYD) group (28 cases), Fei-qi deficiency (FQD) group (23 cases), and yin deficiency fire excess (YDFE) group (20 cases). Another 41 healthy subjects were enrolled as the normal control group. Sputum was induced and blood samples were collected for measurement of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon gamma (INF-gamma). The cytokine assay was performed using Bio-Plex Pro multi assay technology. 24-h collection of urine was performed and salivary samples of the diurnal rhythm profiles [including urinary free cortisol (UFC), urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OH), urinary 17-ketosteroid (17-KS), and cortisol in the serum and saliva] were obtained for assessment of the HPA axis activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher level of serum IL-6 and a lower level of 24-h UFC and 17-OH were found in the SYD group (P < 0.05). The urinary 17-KS was obviously lower in the SYD group than in the normal control group and the YDEE group (P < 0.05). Compared with the FQD group and the normal control group, a higher serum level of TNF-alpha and a lower level of IFN-gamma were found in the SYD group and the YDFE group (P < 0.05). The TNF-alpha and TGF-beta levels in the induced sputum obviously increased in the SYD group (P < 0.05). The IFN-gamma level in the induced sputum obviously decreased in the YDFE group (P < 0.05). The serum and salivary cortisol obviously decreased from 8: 00 am to 8:00 am the next morning in the SYD group (P < 0.05). The serum cortisol level was negatively correlated with serum TNF-alpha (r = -0.26, P = 0.03) and serum IL-6 (r = -0.25, P = 0.03). The salivary cortisol level was negatively correlated with IL-6 in the induced sputum (r = -0.29, P = 0.02). The serum IFN-gamma was positively correlated with urinary 17-OH (r = 0.21, P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inflammatory factors of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients of SYD syndrome were up-regulated, with the most obvious decreased or disarranged HPA axis functions. The levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma were closely correlated with the HPA axis functions. The transformation from qi deficiency, yin deficiency to Shen-yang deficiency existed in lung adenocarcinoma patients. The levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in the serum and the induced sputum, as well as the HPA axis functions are important indices for microscopic syndrome typing of lung adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Lab of Integrative Medicine for Lung, Inflammation and Cancers, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai.
authors.forename: Yi-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yu-Xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013183:Sputum / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines