title: Stated response to increased enforcement density and penalty size for speeding and driving unbelted.
abstract: To what extent can traffic offences be reduced through stronger enforcement, higher penalties, and the provision of information to road users? This question was addressed with respect to the offences of "speeding" and "driving unbelted." Data were collected by a telephone survey of admitted speeders, followed by 438 face-to-face stated response interviews. Based on the data collected, separate statistical models were developed for the two offences. The models predict the behavioral effect of increasing enforcement density and/or penalty size as well as the additional effect of providing information to car drivers. All three factors are predicted to be effective in reducing speeding. According to the model, one additional enforcement event per year will cause a driver to reduce his current frequency of speeding by 5%. A penalty increase of 10 Euros is predicted to have the same effect. An announcement of stronger enforcement or higher fines is predicted to have an additional effect on behavior, independent of the actual magnitudes of increase in enforcement or fines. With respect to the use of a seat belt, however, neither an increase in enforcement density nor its announcement is predicted to have a significant effect on driver behavior. An increase in the penalty size is predicted to raise the stated wearing rate, which is already 90% in Austria. It seems that both the fear of punishment and the motivation for driving unbelted are limited, so that there is only a weak tradeoff between the two. This may apply to most traffic offences, with the exception of speeding, which accounts for over 80% of tickets alone, whereas all other offences account for less than 3% each.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Transport Studies, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Peter Jordan Straße 82, Austria. reinhard.hoessinger@boku.ac.at
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hössinger
authors.forename: Wolfgang J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001290:Attitude; D001317:Austria; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology*; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology*; D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D035846:Law Enforcement / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009038:Motion; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012449:Safety / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012622:Seat Belts / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult