title: Prolonged androgen deprivation leads to downregulation of androgen receptor             and prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Emergence of androgen-independent cancer cells during androgen deprivation             therapy presents a significant challenge to successful treatment outcomes in prostate             cancer. Elucidating the role of androgen deprivation in the transition from an             androgen-dependent to an androgen-independent state may enable the development             of more effective therapeutic strategies against prostate cancer. Herein, we describe             an in vitro model for assessing the effects of continuous androgen-deprivation             on prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) with respect to the expression of two prostate-specific             markers: the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA).             Compared with androgen-containing normal growth medium, androgen-deprived medium             apparently induced the concomitant downregulation of AR and PSMA over time. Decreased             protein levels were confirmed by fluorescence imaging, western blotting and enzymatic             activity studies. In contrast to the current understanding of AR and PSMA in prostate             cancer progression, our data demonstrated that androgen-deprivation induced a             decrease in AR and PSMA levels in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, which may be             associated with the development of more aggressive disease-state following androgen             deprivation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman,                     WA 99164, USA.
authors.forename: Tiancheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lisa Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Melody D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Clifford E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Berkman
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II