title: The role of novel biomarkers in early diagnosis and prognosis of acute kidney injury in newborns.
abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to the rapid loss of renal function. In clinical practice, AKI is common among hospitalized patients of all age groups including neonates and remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality due to its late diagnosis and therefore delayed therapeutic intervention. Although the precise incidence of AKI in newborn is unknown, several studies have reported that 8 to 24% of all critically ill newborns in neonatal intensive care units may develop the condition. We aim at reviewing the existing literature on novel serum and urinary biomarkers and discuss their role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of AKI in newborns. Specifically, this review will focus on cystatin C (CysC), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in serum and on CysC, NGAL, kidney injury molecule-1, and IL-18 in urine.
authors.affiliation: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Argyri
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xanthos
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varsami
authors.forename: Filippia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aroni
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papalois
authors.forename: Ismene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dontas
authors.forename: Vassillios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fanos
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iacovidou
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000652:urine*; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D011991:Receptors, Virus
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D020382:Interleukin-18; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus