title: Cardiovascular disease mortality among First Nations people in Canada, 1991-2001.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare cardiovascular disease mortality patterns between First Nations people and non-Aboriginal adults by sex and by income adequacy quintile and level of educational attainment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 15% sample of 1991 Canadian census respondents aged 25 years or older was previously linked to 11 years of mortality data. In this study, First Nations people were defined by North American Indian ethnic origin (ancestry), registration under the Indian Act, and/or membership in an Indian band or First Nation. The cohort included 62 400 First Nations people and 2 624 300 non-Aboriginal people.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to non-Aboriginal cohort members, the age-standardized cardiovascular disease mortality rate was 30% higher for First Nations men and 76% higher for First Nations women. This represented an excess of 58 deaths and 71 deaths per 100 000 person-years at risk, for First Nations men and women, respectively. Within each income adequacy quintile (adjusted for family size and region of residence) and level of educational attainment, the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease was higher for First Nations people compared to their non-Aboriginal counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First Nations people had higher rates of death from cardiovascular disease than non-Aboriginal Canadians within each income quintile and level of education. Income and education accounted for 67% and 25% of the excess mortality of First Nations men and women respectively.
authors.affiliation: Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. michael.tjepkema@statcan.gc.ca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tjepkema
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goedhuis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pennock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models