title: Campylobacter peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis: a review of 12 consecutive cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis secondary to Campylobacter organisms is uncommon. Few studies have assessed either treatment or clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed all Campylobacter peritonitis episodes occurring in a single dialysis unit from 1994 to 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 12 episodes of Campylobacter peritonitis (0.45% of all peritonitis episodes) were recorded. Diarrhea was uncommon (8.3%). The overall primary response rate was 91.7%; the complete cure rate was 75.0%. Among 6 patients who failed to respond to standard antibiotics by day 5, all improved after administration of an oral macrolide (erythromycin or clarithromycin). Of those 6 patients, 5 experienced a complete cure, and 1 patient experienced relapse of culture-negative peritonitis. No patient required Tenckhoff catheter removal or temporary hemodialysis support. The 30-day mortality was 0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Campylobacter peritonitis might not respond to first-line conventional antibiotics, and an oral macrolide is recommended if Campylobacter is confirmed. The findings from our analysis do not support the use of fluoroquinolone, which is associated with a high resistance rate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
authors.forename: Terry King-wing
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Kin Ping
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kai Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Wing Fai
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Bonnie Ching Ha
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Chi Bon
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Cheuk Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Szeto
authors.forename: Philip Kam-tao
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002167:Campylobacter; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents