title: Aluminium oxide nanoparticles induce mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress and alter the expression of antioxidant enzymes in human mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: An urgent need for toxicological studies on aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al(2) [Formula: see text]NPs) has arisen from their rapidly emerging range of applications in the food and agricultural sectors. Despite the widespread use of nanoscale aluminium and its composites in the food industry, there is a serious lack of information concerning the biological activities of Al(2) [Formula: see text]NPs (ANPs) and their impact on human health. In this preliminary study, the effects of ANPs on metabolic stress in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were analysed. The results showed dose-dependent effects, including cellular toxicity. The mitochondrial membrane potential in the hMSCs decreased with increasing ANP concentrations after 24 h of exposure. The expression levels of oxidative stress-responsive enzymes were monitored by RT-PCR. The expression levels of CYP1A and POR were up-regulated in response to ANPs, and a significant down-regulation in the expression of the antioxidant enzyme SOD was observed. Further, dose-dependent changes in the mRNA levels of GSTM3, GPX and GSR were noted. These findings suggest that the toxicity of ANPs in hMSCs may be mediated through an increase in oxidative stress. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the nanotoxicological effects of ANPs on hMSCs, which will be useful for nanotoxicological indexing.
authors.affiliation: Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alshatwi@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alshatwi
authors.forename: Periasamy Vaiyapuri
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Subbarayan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.forename: Amal A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Hazzani
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alsaif
authors.forename: Abdulrahman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alwarthan
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000537:Aluminum Oxide