title: Czech version of the Trail Making Test: normative data and clinical utility.
abstract: The Trail Making Test (TMT) comprises two psychomotor tasks that measure a wide range of visual-perceptual and executive functions. The purpose of this study was to provide Czech normative data and to examine the relationship between derived TMT indices and demographic variables. The TMT was administered to 421 healthy adults. Two clinical groups (n = 126) were evaluated to investigate the clinical utility of the TMT-derived scores: amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 90) and Alzheimer's disease (n = 36). Statistical analyses showed that age and education, but not gender, were significantly associated with TMT completion times and derived scores. Of all the indices, only the TMT ratio score was insensitive to age. We present normative values for the Czech version of the TMT, providing a reference for measuring individual performance in native Czech speakers. Moreover, we found that accuracy on the TMT was improved with the attenuation of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. ondrejb@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bezdicek
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Motak
authors.forename: Bradley N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Axelrod
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Preiss
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikolai
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vyhnalek
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poreh
authors.forename: Evzen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruzicka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D018153:Czech Republic; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012016:Reference Values; D014145:Trail Making Test; D014796:Visual Perception