title: Associations between genital tract infections, genital tract inflammation, and cervical cytobrush HIV-1 DNA in US versus Kenyan women.
abstract: Cervical shedding of HIV-1 DNA may influence HIV-1 sexual transmission. HIV-1 DNA was detected in 250 (80%) of 316 and 207 (79%) of 259 cervical cytobrush specimens from 56 US and 80 Kenyan women, respectively. Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration was associated with increased HIV-1 DNA shedding among US and Kenyan women. Kenyan women had higher cervicovaginal concentrations of proinflammatory interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and anti-inflammatory secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor compared with US women (all P < 0.01). HIV-1 DNA shedding was associated with increased concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 and lower secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor among US women but not Kenyan women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. camitch@uw.edu
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Balkus
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McKernan-Mullin
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Amneris E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Luque
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mwachari
authors.forename: Craig R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coombs
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Frenkel
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hitti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007630:Kenya; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060737:Reproductive Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D014481:United States; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D014621:Vagina / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology*; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007375:Interleukin-1; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012367:RNA, Viral