title: Clinical applications of digital 2-D and 3-D radiography for the periodontist.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there has been rapid development of imaging technology within dentistry, there has been limited evidence-based research documenting the benefits of digital radiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE for relevant studies and review papers demonstrating clinical applications, limitations, and advancements within digital radiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-dimensional (2-D) and 3-D digital radiography has become a powerful diagnostic tool for simple and complex procedures, including implant reconstruction. Recent advancements have reduced radiation exposure, increased resolution, and improved detection capabilities of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) sensors. The current review summarizes such advances and outlines advanced CBCT implant-planning techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While evidence-based research grows, the logistic, diagnostic, and planning improvements of 2-D and 3-D digital radiography are irrefutable with the potential to supplant conventional techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. eshraghi@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eshraghi
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McAllister
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods*