title: Visual outcomes after treatment of pituitary adenomas.
abstract: Pituitary adenomas frequently manifest with neuro-ophthalmic symptoms and signs. The location of the pituitary gland makes involvement of both the visual pathways and the ocular motor cranial nerves likely when there is adenomatous expansion. A sudden expression of visual loss or diplopia commonly accompanies pituitary apoplexy. Several preoperative neuro-ophthalmic indicators help predict posttreatment outcomes and help determine the best intervention. Treatments themselves may also cause neuro-ophthalmic complications. The current literature and avenues of future research are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Clare Louise
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Biousse
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000473:pathology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects