title: Reduced survival and quality of life following return to dialysis after transplant failure: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although dialysis after kidney transplant failure (TF) is common, the outcomes of these patients remain unclear. We compared outcomes of TF patients with transplant-naïve (TN) patients wait-listed for kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), including laboratory markers and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). Mortality and hospitalization of participants with one prior TF versus TN patients were compared using the Cox regression analysis. HR-QOL physical and mental component summary scores (PCS and MCS) were examined using linear mixed models, and clinical practices were compared using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with TN patients (n = 2806), TF patients (n = 1856) were younger (48 versus 51 years, P = 0.003), less likely to be diabetic (18 versus 27%, P < 0.0001) and to use a permanent surgical vascular access {adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-1.03], P = 0.10}, particularly within the first 3 months after TF [AOR 0.45 (0.32-0.62), P < 0.0001]. TF patients also had lower PCS [mean difference -2.56 (-3.36, -1.75), P < 0.0001] but not MCS [-0.42 (-1.34, 0.50), P = 0.37]. All-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 1.32 (95% CI: 1.05-1.66), P = 0.02], especially infection-related [AHR 2.45 (95% CI: 1.36-4.41), P = 0.01], was higher among TF patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TF patients have reduced QOL and higher mortality, particularly due to infections, than TN patients. Interventions to optimize care before and after starting dialysis remain to be identified and applied in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, St. Michael’s Hospital and The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perl
authors.forename: Jinyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: Bjorn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wikström
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fort
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Pisoni
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tentori
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure