title: Systemic inflammation and metabolic syndrome in stable COPD patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has extrapulmonary effects that seems to be related with systemic inflammation. The relationship between metabolic syndrome which is an important determinant of systemic inflammation in general population and COPD is still not clear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the frequency of metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, as a marker of systemic inflammation in stable COPD patients with different severity levels and in age and sex matched control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one stable COPD patients and 42 control subjects were included in the study. The severity level in patients with COPD were determined according to GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) criteria. ATP III (The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III) was used in diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Hs-CRP levels were measured in venous samples of patients and control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of metabolic syndrome was found higher in patient group than control subjects, especially in GOLD stages I, II (p= 0.004). Abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia components of metabolic syndrome were significantly more prevalent in patient group (p< 0.0001). Increased CRP levels were higher in control and patient groups in all GOLD stages, with metabolic syndrome than without metabolic syndrome (p= 0.047, p= 0.217, p< 0.001, p= 0.05, p= 0.467).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that frequency of metabolic syndrome was higher in stable COPD patients than control subjects and general Turkish population. Abdominal obesity, hypertension and hyperglycemia were significantly more prevalent in patient group. Systemic inflammation was more intense in COPD patients with metabolic syndrome than without metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Diseases, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey. drevrimeylem@gmail.com
authors.forename: Evrim Eylem
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Akpınar
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akpınar
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ertek
authors.forename: Esen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sayın
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gülhan
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein