title: Nations' income inequality predicts ambivalence in stereotype content: how societies mind the gap.
abstract: Income inequality undermines societies: The more inequality, the more health problems, social tensions, and the lower social mobility, trust, life expectancy. Given people's tendency to legitimate existing social arrangements, the stereotype content model (SCM) argues that ambivalence-perceiving many groups as either warm or competent, but not both-may help maintain socio-economic disparities. The association between stereotype ambivalence and income inequality in 37 cross-national samples from Europe, the Americas, Oceania, Asia, and Africa investigates how groups' overall warmth-competence, status-competence, and competition-warmth correlations vary across societies, and whether these variations associate with income inequality (Gini index). More unequal societies report more ambivalent stereotypes, whereas more equal ones dislike competitive groups and do not necessarily respect them as competent. Unequal societies may need ambivalence for system stability: Income inequality compensates groups with partially positive social images.
authors.affiliation: University of Milan - Bicocca, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Durante
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fiske
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kervyn
authors.forename: Amy J C
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cuddy
authors.forename: Adebowale Debo
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Akande
authors.forename: Bolanle E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Adetoun
authors.forename: Modupe F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Adewuyi
authors.forename: Magdeline M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tserere
authors.forename: Ananthi Al
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ramiah
authors.forename: Khairul Anwar
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mastor
authors.forename: Fiona Kate
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonn
authors.forename: Romin W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Tafarodi
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bosak
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Capozza
authors.forename: Anjana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.forename: Xenia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chryssochoou
authors.forename: Tilemachos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iatridis
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costa-Lopes
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Janet I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tushabe
authors.forename: Jacques-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Leyens
authors.forename: Renée
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayorga
authors.forename: Nadim N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Rouhana
authors.forename: Vanessa Smith
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Bailón
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morales Marente
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palacios Gálvez
authors.forename: Chris G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Sibley
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Asbrock
authors.forename: Chiara C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Storari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D000569:Americas; D001208:Asia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D044349:Oceania; D012931:Social Environment; D012933:Social Identification; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013240:Stereotyping; D055815:Young Adult