title: [The role of hypomagnesiuria in urolithiasis and renal colic: results from a prospective study of a metabolic evaluation protocola].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The stone disease of the urinary tract (urolithiasis) is a growing disease. The identification of metabolic disorders, treatable with prophylactic therapy, appears to be clinically important. The aim of this study was the analysis of metabolic disorders that promote and support the urolithiasis in a cohort of patients with renal colic at an Emergency Department.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective case series, we enrolled consecutive patients with renal colic treated at an Emergency Department within a Regional Teaching Hospital. We implemented a structured metabolic evaluation, which included blood chemistry studies, stone analysis and a 24-hour urine collection. We then evaluated the frequency of metabolic abnormalities alone or in combination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 39 patients whit renal colic and a diagnosis of urolithiasis: 21 (54%) were males and the median age was 43.6 years (range 20-70). The most frequently observed type of stone was that of calcium oxalate (74%). Hypomagnesiuria was the most common metabolic abnormality found at the 24-hour urine collection (22/39, 56%), followed by hypocalciuria (31%), hypernatruria (20%), hyperuricuria (18%) and hyperoxaluria (15%). Among the associations of metabolic abnormalities, the hypocalciuria /hypomagnesuria was that observed with higher frequency (23%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report an incidence of hypomagnesiuria (60%) in patients with renal colic higher than has ever been described in the literature. This result could be of importance in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of the urolithiasis and could have interesting implications in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italia. vincenzomenditto74@yahoo.it
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Menditto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polonara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000652:urine; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056844:Renal Colic / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine*; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; D012964:Sodium