title: The use of visual and verbal means of communication across psychological distance.
abstract: The current study investigated the effect of distance on medium preferences in interpersonal communication. Five experiments showed that people's preference for using pictures (vs. words) is increasingly higher when communicating with temporally, socially, or geographically proximal (vs. distal) others. In contrast, preference for words is increasingly higher when communicating with those who were distal. A sixth experiment showed that communication's medium influences distance preferences, such that people's preference for communicating a message to a distant (vs. proximal) target is greater for verbal compared with pictorial communications. A seventh experiment showed that recipients are more likely to heed a sender's suggestions when the medium and distance are congruent. These findings reflect the suitability of pictures for communication with proximal others and words with distal others. Implications of these findings for construal-level theory, perspective taking, embodied cognition, the development of language, and social skills with children are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. amit@wjh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Elinor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amit
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wakslak
authors.forename: Yaacov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Trope
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D004215:Distance Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012919:Social Behavior; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D055815:Young Adult