title: Alternatives for the treatment of local advanced disease: electrochemotherapy, limb perfusion, limb infusion, intralesional IL2. What is the role?
abstract: Nowadays, melanoma is one of the most common fatal malignancy of young adults. Incidence is increasing, but mortality rates from melanoma have remained stable. In-transit metastases from extremity or trunk melanoma are subcutaneous or cutaneous deposits of melanoma distant from the primary site, but not reaching the draining nodal basin. According to American Joint Committee on Cancer classification of stages based on Tumor, Node, Metastases classification stages IIIb and IIIc are considered local advanced disease and survival outcomes is quite poor, with 5-year survival rates of 24-54%. Loco-regional recurrence is an important risk factor for distant metastatic disease, either synchrone or metachrone. Therapy for this pattern of recurrence is limited and options vary based on the volume and site of disease. Definitive surgical resection remains the preferred therapeutic approach. However, when surgery cannot be performed with a reasonable cosmetic and functional outcome, other options must be utilized. Treatment options are classified as local, regional, or systemic. The choice of therapy depends on the number of lesions, their anatomic location, whether or not they are dermal or subcutaneous, the size, and the presence or absence of extra-regional disease.
authors.affiliation: Melanoma and Sarcoma Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Testori
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Intelisano
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verrecchia
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menicanti
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tosti
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pari
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pennacchioli
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D053672:Electrochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2