title: Medical student musculoskeletal education: an institutional survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the 1910 Flexner Report, medical education continues to undergo curriculum and graduation guideline reform to meet the needs of physicians and patients. Our aims were to (1) assess the quality of musculoskeletal education at our institution's School of Medicine by reporting the results of the Freedman and Bernstein examination among our medical students across all four years of training, and (2) stratify results according to medical school year, educational module, and intended career.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed the 460 2009-2010 School of Medicine students via e-mail. The survey contained a validated orthopaedic examination of musculoskeletal competency (passing grade, 70%), demographic questions (e.g., year in training, clinical area of interest, and time dedicated to musculoskeletal topics in medical school education), and a 10-point tool for determining confidence in assessing musculoskeletal disorders. There were 354 responses (77.0%); six were excluded for incompleteness, leaving 348 for analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between test scores and days spent studying musculoskeletal material. The unpaired Student t test was used to compare performance among areas of interest and training years, with p &lt; 0.05 being considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean score was 51.1%; only sixty-seven (19.3%) of the students passed. Fourth-year students scored significantly higher (59.0%) compared with first-year students (37.3%), but &gt;65% of students in both groups failed. Only 34.2% of the graduating students had completed a musculoskeletal elective. Students who participated in elective musculoskeletal education had a higher pass rate (67.5%) than those who did not (43.9%, p &lt; 0.001). A minimum of fifteen days dedicated to elective study of musculoskeletal medicine significantly increased the chance of passing this examination. First-year through fourth-year students ranked their level of confidence in dealing with musculoskeletal issues as 3.18, 3.82, 3.57, and 4.77, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first study to test this examination with medical school class years and have quantifiable results that advocate for incorporation of a dedicated musculoskeletal block in medical student education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue #A665, Baltimore, MD 21224-2780, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Skelley
authors.forename: Miho J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Logan M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Skelley
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: LaPorte
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D015142:Baltimore; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000458:organization & administration; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000193:education*; D012577:Schools, Medical; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult