title: The changing face of mastectomy: an oncologic and cosmetic perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The history of surgical treatment of breast cancer is rich with contributions from many surgeons over the centuries. Among the recent advances in technique is the nipple-sparing mastectomy, which reflects the emerging focus on cosmetic outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We took a backward glance at the literature illustrating the evolution of surgical management of breast cancer, culminating with nipple-sparing mastectomy. The growing clinical data with nipple-sparing mastectomy are explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The demand for nipple-sparing mastectomy has been steadily increasing at many institutions. Based on the clinical data reported, nipple-sparing mastectomy is an oncologically safe procedure for selected women who have or are at high risk for breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For women facing mastectomy and their surgeons, the optimal aesthetic result centers on preservation of the nipple. However, nipple-sparing mastectomy is technically challenging, with long-term safety not yet confirmed. Evidence-based data are needed to document local tumor recurrence, distant metastasis, cosmetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, and procedural complications.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Breast Program, Department of Women's Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. Christine.Laronga@moffitt.org
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laronga
authors.forename: Jaime D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003358:Cosmetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics