title: Self-regulated music stimulation for persons with Alzheimer's disease: impact assessment and social validation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact and the social rating of an active music condition (in which 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease regulated their music input) vs. a passive music condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the active condition, the patients used a simple hand response and a microswitch to activate music stimulation periods. In the passive condition, music stimulation was prearranged and continued through the sessions. The active and passive stimulation sessions were preceded and followed by control (non-stimulation) sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The active condition sessions showed an increase in the patients' indices of positive participation (e.g., singing or music-related movements, and smiles) similar to that observed in the passive condition sessions. Social raters (140 psychology students) favored the active condition on a six-item questionnaire dealing, among others, with conditions' suitability, respect of patients' dignity and independence, and practicality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An active music stimulation condition can be viable, effective, and socially preferable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. g.lancioni@psico.uniba.it
authors.forename: Giulio E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lancioni
authors.forename: Nirbhay N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: Vanessa A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferlisi
authors.forename: Giacomina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrarese
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zullo
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perilli
authors.forename: Germana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cassano
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cordiano
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zonno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy; D012927:Social Control, Informal