title: Chlorogenic acid and maize ear rot resistance: a dynamic study investigating Fusarium graminearum development, deoxynivalenol production, and phenolic acid accumulation.
abstract: Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Gibberella ear rot and produces trichothecene mycotoxins. Basic questions remain unanswered regarding the kernel stages associated with trichothecene biosynthesis and the kernel metabolites potentially involved in the regulation of trichothecene production in planta. In a two-year field study, F. graminearum growth, trichothecene accumulation, and phenolic acid composition were monitored in developing maize kernels of a susceptible and a moderately resistant variety using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array or mass spectrometry detection. Infection started as early as the blister stage and proceeded slowly until the dough stage. Then, a peak of trichothecene accumulation occurred and infection progressed exponentially until the final harvest time. Both F. graminearum growth and trichothecene production were drastically reduced in the moderately resistant variety. We found that chlorogenic acid is more abundant in the moderately resistant variety, with levels spiking in the earliest kernel stages induced by Fusarium infection. This is the first report that precisely describes the kernel stage associated with the initiation of trichothecene production and provides in planta evidence that chlorogenic acid may play a role in maize resistance to Gibberella ear rot and trichothecene accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave d'Ornon, France. vessela.atanasova-penichon@bordeaux.inra.fr
authors.forename: Vessela
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Atanasova-Penichon
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinson-Gadais
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picot
authors.forename: Gisèle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchegay
authors.forename: Marie-Noelle
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bonnin-Verdal
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ducos
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barreau
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roucolle
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sehabiague
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carolo
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Richard-Forget
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D060467:Disease Resistance; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D003373:Coumaric Acids; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D014255:Trichothecenes; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; C004999:ferulic acid; C017616:phenolic acid; C007262:deoxynivalenol