title: ACE I/D and eNOS E298D gene polymorphisms in Saudi subjects with hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension has a multifactorial background based on genetic and environmental interactive factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to test for the association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms with hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 120 Saudi patients with hypertension and 250 normal healthy controls. For all participants, DNA was processed for characterization of ACE I/D and eNOS E298D gene polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertensive cases showed a significantly higher frequency of the ACE mutant D allele carriage (98.3% vs. 92.4%, p = 0.028, OR = 4.8). Cases with hypertension associated with diabetes and obesity showed 100% mutant D allele carriage. Regarding the eNOS E298D polymorphism, the frequency of the mutant D allele carriage was only observed to be higher among cases with hypertension associated with diabetes and obesity, in comparison with controls, yet not reaching statistical significance (41.2% vs. 34%, p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is increased frequency of ACE and eNOS mutant allele carriage among Saudi patients affected with hypertension, particularly if accompanied by obesity and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: 1Molecular Biology Research Center, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Burayda, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alghasham
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Moataz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dowaidar
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Settin
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia
chemical_list: C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A