title: Serum levels of the adipokine progranulin depend on renal function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Progranulin has recently been introduced as a novel adipokine inducing insulin resistance and obesity. In the current study, we investigated renal elimination, as well as association of the adipokine with markers of the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Progranulin serum levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated to anthropometric and biochemical parameters of renal function and glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation, in 532 patients with stages 1-5 of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median serum progranulin levels adjusted for age, sex, and BMI were significantly different between CKD stages with highest values detectable in stage 5 (stage 1, 58.3 µg/L; stage 2, 63.0 µg/L; stage 3, 65.4 µg/L; stage 4, 68.8 µg/L; and stage 5, 90.6 µg/L). Furthermore, CKD stage was the strongest independent predictor of circulating progranulin in our cohort. In addition, high-sensitivity interleukin-6 and adiponectin remained significantly and independently correlated with the adipokine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate that progranulin serum levels increase with deteriorating renal function. These findings are in accordance with the hypothesis that renal clearance is a major elimination route for circulating progranulin. Furthermore, the adipokine is positively and independently associated with markers of inflammation and adiponectin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Focke
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lössner
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kralisch
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kratzsch
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beige
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.forename: Ingolf
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bast
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blüher
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumvoll
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fasshauer
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D000077153:Progranulins
chemical_list: C492314:GRN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000077153:Progranulins