title: Early repair of large infant ventricular septal defect despite respiratory syncytial virus-induced respiratory failure with postrepair chylous pericardial effusion requiring pleuropericardial window: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: The surgical correction of congenital cardiac lesions that are complicated by intercurrent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonitis has traditionally been deferred for at least 6 to 8 weeks. The presumption is that using cardiopulmonary bypass will increase the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. We present an infant who developed acute respiratory failure related to RSV pneumonitis and required urgent mechanical ventilation. Cardiac evaluation revealed a large nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect (VSD), aortic arch hypoplasia, normally functioning bicuspid aortic valve, and hemodynamic instability associated with markedly increased pulmonary blood flow. Separation from mechanical ventilation was unsuccessful preoperatively. He underwent VSD repair with cardiopulmonary bypass less than 4 weeks after initial RSV infection. He was extubated successfully within 72 hours of VSD repair. Approximately 6 weeks postoperatively, he developed a circumferential chylous pericardial effusion of unclear etiology--an exceedingly rare complication of VSD repair in early infancy in a non-Down syndrome patient. The chylous effusion was initially managed unsuccessfully with Portogen/Monogen and a percutaneously placed pericardial drain. Two weeks later, he underwent creation of a pleuropericardial window with successful resolution of the chylous effusion. It is of interest to pediatricians to be able to correctly time the repair of congenital heart disease lesions after RSV infection to minimize post-bypass pulmonary complications and yet avoid morbidity from undue delays in repair. In addition, chylopericardium can occur in infants after VSD repair, and dietary modification and catheter drainage may not be adequate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA. js0002@nemours.org
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peshkovsky
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Farhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lubega
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Derrick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McQueen
authors.forename: Susmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mikkilineni
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalyanaraman
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004452:Echocardiography; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed