title: Trisomy 21-associated defects in human primitive hematopoiesis revealed through induced pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: Patients with Down syndrome (trisomy 21, T21) have hematologic abnormalities throughout life. Newborns frequently exhibit abnormal blood counts and a clonal preleukemia. Human T21 fetal livers contain expanded erythro-megakaryocytic precursors with enhanced proliferative capacity. The impact of T21 on the earliest stages of embryonic hematopoiesis is unknown and nearly impossible to examine in human subjects. We modeled T21 yolk sac hematopoiesis using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Blood progenitor populations generated from T21 iPSCs were present at normal frequency and proliferated normally. However, their developmental potential was altered with enhanced erythropoiesis and reduced myelopoiesis, but normal megakaryocyte production. These abnormalities overlap with those of T21 fetal livers, but also reflect important differences. Our studies show that T21 confers distinct developmental stage- and species-specific hematopoietic defects. More generally, we illustrate how iPSCs can provide insight into early stages of normal and pathological human development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Stella T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Byrska-Bishop
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tober
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vandorn
authors.forename: Joanna B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Opalinska
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: John Kim
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Speck
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gadue
authors.forename: Ross C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hardison
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Nemiroff
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Mitchell J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004314:Down Syndrome; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger