title: Adiponectin, systolic blood pressure, and alcohol consumption are associated with more aortic stiffness progression among apparently healthy men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limited data are available about risk factors for the progression of aortic stiffness in healthy population. We examined several risk factors as possible independent predictors of aortic stiffness progression among a population-based sample of US men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 240 men (40-49 years) free of CVD at baseline from the Pittsburgh site of the ERA JUMP study were evaluated. Aortic stiffness was measured as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity at baseline and after 4.6 ± 0.2 (mean ± SD) years of follow-up. Progression of aortic stiffness was evaluated as relative annual change in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (% change/year). Using linear regression, both baseline potential risk factors and their annual changes were evaluated as possible risk factors for aortic stiffness progression. Baseline age, follow-up time, race, heart rate, and medications use were forced in all models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, relative to baseline level, aortic stiffness increased 0.3% ± 5.3% per year. In final models, the independent predictors of degree of aortic stiffness progression were lower levels of adiponectin (P = 0.03), higher levels of systolic blood pressure (P = 0.03), greater annual change in systolic blood pressure (P = 0.04), and alcohol consumption ≥ 2 times/week (P = 0.02). Adiponectin levels within the third (9.8 μg/Ml ≤ adiponectin < 13.0 μg/mL) and the fourth (adiponectin ≥ 13.0 μg/mL) quartiles were associated with an improvement in relative annual aortic stiffness progression (P = 0.02, P = 0.01, respectively) compared to levels within the first quartile (adiponectin ≤ 7.0 μg/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among apparently healthy men, lower levels of baseline adiponectin could be a novel marker for greater risk of aortic stiffness progression. Longitudinal research is required to evaluate whether adiponectin change over time would have similar association with aortic stiffness progression.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. elkhoudarys@edc.pitt.edu
authors.forename: Samar R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: El Khoudary
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barinas-Mitchell
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sutton-Tyrrell
authors.forename: Lewis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kuller
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Curb
authors.forename: Chol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Rhobert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edmundowicz
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekikawa
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers