title: Novel and simple approach using synthesized nickel nanoparticles to control blood-sucking parasites.
abstract: The present study was on assessment of the anti-parasitic activities of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) against the larvae of cattle ticks Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum (a.) anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae), fourth instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex gelidus (Diptera: Culicidae). The metallic Ni NPs were synthesized by polyol process from Ni-hydrazine as precursor and Tween 80 as both the medium and the stabilizing reagent. The synthesized Ni NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis which indicated the presence of Ni NPs. Synthesized Ni NPs showed the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks at 42.76°, 53.40°, and 76.44°, identified as 111, 220, and 200 reflections, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the synthesized Ni NPs clearly showed that the Ni NPs were spherical in shape with an average size of 150 nm. The Ni NPs showed maximum activity against the larvae of R. (B.) microplus, H. a. anatolicum, A. subpictus, C. quinquefasciatus and C. gelidus with LC(50) values of 10.17, 10.81, 4.93, 5.56 and 4.94 mg/L; r(2) values of 0.990, 0.993, 0.992, 0.950 and 0.988 and the efficacy of Ni-hydrazine complexes showed the LC(50) values of 20.35, 22.72, 8.29, 9.69 and 7.83 mg/L; r(2) values of 0.988, 0.986, 0.989, 0.944 and 0.978, respectively. The findings revealed that synthesized Ni NPs possess excellent larvicidal parasitic activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on larvicidal activity of blood feeding parasites using synthesized Ni NPs.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Govindasamy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajakumar
authors.forename: Abdul Abdul
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rahuman
authors.forename: Kanayairam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Velayutham
authors.forename: Jeyaraman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramyadevi
authors.forename: Kadarkaraithangam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jeyasubramanian
authors.forename: Arumugam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marikani
authors.forename: Gandhi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elango
authors.forename: Chinnaperumal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kamaraj
authors.forename: Thirunavukkarasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Santhoshkumar
authors.forename: Sampath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marimuthu
authors.forename: Abdul Abduz
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zahir
authors.forename: Asokan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagavan
authors.forename: Chidambaram
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jayaseelan
authors.forename: Arivarasan Vishnu
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kirthi
authors.forename: Moorthy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyappan
authors.forename: Chinnadurai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009532:Nickel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D009532:Nickel