title: An international comparison of patterns of participation in leisure activities for children with and without disabilities in Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there are differences in participation in leisure activities between children with and without disabilities in Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands and how much personal and environmental factors explain leisure performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional analytic design, the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment, CAPE, was performed with 278 children with disabilities and 599 children without disabilities aged 6-17 years. A one-way between-groups ANOVA explored the differences in participation between the countries. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis assessed if age, gender, educational level, living area and country of residence explained the variance in participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scandinavian children with disabilities participated in more activities with higher frequency compared to Dutch children. The strongest predictor was country of residence. For children without disabilities, differences existed in informal activities, the strongest predictor was gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in school- and support systems between the countries seem to influence patterns of participation, affecting children with disabilities most.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Neuropediatric unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. anna.ullenhag@ki.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ullenhag
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bult
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyquist
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ketelaar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jahnsen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krumlinde-Sundholm
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almqvist
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granlund
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D009664:Norway; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden