title: Pacemaker lead extraction and recapture of venous access: technical problems arising from extensive venous obstruction.
abstract: We report the case of the extraction of 18 year-old leads in a patient with a DDD pacemaker, and chronic obstruction of the left subclavian and innominate veins coexisting with extensive stenoses in the upper caval vein. After removal of pacing leads, angiographic guidewires were introduced via the Byrd dilatators and new pacing leads introduced with the use of long sheaths originally dedicated for transvenous left ventricular leads implantation. With this case, we discuss the problems arising during reimplantation of pacing leads in patients with chronic venous occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. a_kutarski@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kutarski
authors.forename: Radosław
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pietura
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Młynarczyk
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Małecka
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Głowniak
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D020878:Device Removal; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D010690:Phlebography; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D013350:Subclavian Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging