title: Phytochemical profile of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis extracts and correlation to their antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity.
abstract: The goal of this study was to monitor the anti-proliferative activity of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis extracts against cancer cells and to correlate this activity with their phytochemical profiles using liquid chromatography/diode array detection/electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC/DAD/ESI-MS(n)). For the quantitative estimation of triterpenic acids in the crude extracts an NMR based methodology was used and compared with the HPLC measurements, both applied for the first time, for the case of betulinic acid. Both extracts exerted cytotoxic activity through dose-dependent impairment of viability and mitochondrial activity of rat insulinoma m5F (RINm5F) cells. Decrease of RINm5F viability was mediated by nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis. Importantly, these extracts potentiated NO and TNF-α release from macrophages therefore enhancing their cytocidal action. The rosemary extract developed more pronounced antioxidant, cytotoxic and immunomodifying activities, probably due to the presence of betulinic acid and a higher concentration of carnosic acid in its phytochemical profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece. me01375@cc.uoi.gr
authors.forename: Vassiliki G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Kontogianni
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomic
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.forename: Alexandra A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nerantzaki
authors.forename: Nisar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sayyad
authors.forename: Stanislava
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stosic-Grujicic
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stojanovic
authors.forename: Ioannis P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Gerothanassis
authors.forename: Andreas G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tzakos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D027543:Salvia officinalis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts