title: Computer keyboard covers impregnated with a novel antimicrobial polymer significantly reduce microbial contamination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contaminated computer keyboards have been acknowledged as a potential source for bacterial transmission between health care providers and patients. Biosafe HM 4100 is an antimicrobial polymer that can be incorporated into the polyurethane material used to make keyboard covers. This study aimed to determine whether plastic keyboard covers containing HM 4100 effectively minimize the survival of bacterial species commonly present on health care environmental surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polyurethane material that contained 0.5% HM 4100, 1% HM 4100, and 1% HM 4100 with spray coating of 1% HM 4100 were tested. In 2 separate experiments, the surfaces of test materials were inoculated with suspensions of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VREF), Escherichia coli, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viability was assessed on the materials at 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after inoculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum reductions in viability were observed for all 4 organisms at the longest tested time period on each test material. Mean reductions on the 0.5% HM 4100 material at 240 minutes were 99.99% for E coli, 97.8% for MRSA, 95.0% for VREF, and 92.1% for P aeruginosa. Mean reductions on the 1% HM 4100 at 120 minutes were 99.9% for VREF, 99.9% for MRSA, 99.9% for P aeruginosa, and 99.5% for E coli. Mean reductions on the 1% HM 4100 plus spray coating at 30 minutes were 99.9% for E coli, 99.8% for VREF, 98.8% for P aeruginosa, and 97.2% for MRSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incorporation of the HM 4100 antimicrobial polymer into polyurethane keyboard material may reduce the hand carriage of bacteria between health care providers and patients.
authors.affiliation: Special Pathogens Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: D'Antonio
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rihs
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.forename: Victor L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D003201:Computers; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D063373:Hand Hygiene / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D011140:Polyurethanes