title: Interplay between cytoskeletal stresses and cell adaptation under chronic flow.
abstract: Using stress sensitive FRET sensors we have measured cytoskeletal stresses in α-actinin and the associated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in cells subjected to chronic shear stress. We show that long-term shear stress reduces the average actinin stress and this effect is reversible with removal of flow. The flow-induced changes in cytoskeletal stresses are found to be dynamic, involving a transient decrease in stress (phase-I), a short-term increase (3-6 min) (Phase-II), followed by a longer-term decrease that reaches a minimum in ~20 min (Phase-III), before saturating. These changes are accompanied by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton from parallel F-actin bundles to peripheral bundles. Blocking mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) with Gd(3+) and GsMTx4 (a specific inhibitor) eliminated the changes in cytoskeletal stress and the corresponding actin reorganization, indicating that Ca(2+) permeable MSCs participate in the signaling cascades. This study shows that shear stress induced cell adaptation is mediated via MSCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Fanjie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rahimzadeh
authors.forename: Susan Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D000185:Actinin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D021381:Protein Transport; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D000185:Actinin