title: Vitamin D and overall mortality.
abstract: Vitamin D is a steroid molecule, mainly produced in the skin that regulates the expression of a large number of genes. Several meta-analyses of epidemiological studies support the evidence that low vitamin D serum level, which is highly prevalent worldwide, could be a 'new' risk factor for many chronic diseases including cancer, and for all-cause mortality. A meta-analysis in healthy subjects suggested that current doses of vitamin D supplements could be associated with decrease in total mortality rates. However, these associations are insufficient to establish causality between vitamin D and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, long-term health effects of high doses of vitamin D, that is, prolonged supplementation and association with different baseline vitamin D levels, remain to be investigated. Several trials are ongoing but population-based, placebo-controlled randomized trials with total mortality as the main endpoint should be planned to confirm a real beneficial effect of vitamin D for non-skeletal diseases and to prove causality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Aliana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guerrieri-Gonzaga
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gandini
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009026:Mortality; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000401:mortality; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D