title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and dendritic cell tolerogenicity.
abstract: This article summarizes the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a potent immune-suppressive enzyme, in dendritic cells (DCs). Specific attention is given to differential up-regulation of IDO in distinct DC subsets, its function in immune homeostasis/autoimmunity, infection and cancer; and the associated immunological outcomes. The review will conclude with a discussion of the poorly defined mechanisms that mediate the long-term maintenance of IDO-expression in response to inflammatory stimuli and how selective modulation of IDO activity may be used in the treatment of disease.
authors.affiliation: The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA. jlharden@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Harden
authors.forename: Nejat K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Egilmez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D019070:Cell Lineage; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D007737:Kynurenine; D014364:Tryptophan