title: Malaria helminth co-infections and their contribution for aneamia in febrile patients attending Azzezo health center, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of malaria helminth co-infections and their contribution for aneamia in febrile patients attending Azzezo health center, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross section study was conducted among febrile patients attending Azezo health center from February-March 30, 2011. Convenient sampling technique was used to select 384 individuals. Both capillary blood and stool were collected. Giemsa stained thick and thin blood film were prepared for identification of Plasmodium species and stool sample was examined by direct wet mount and formalin-ether concentration technique for detection of intestinal helminthes parasites. Haemoglobin concentration was determined using a portable haemoglobin spectrophotometer, Hemocue Hb 201 analyzer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 384 febrile patients examined for malaria parasites, 44 (11.5%) individuals were positive for malaria parasites, of which Plasmodium vivax accounted for 75.0% (33), Plasmodium falciparum for 20.5% (9) infectious, whereas two person (4.5%) had mixed species infection. Prevalence of malaria was higher in males (28) when compared with prevalence in females (16). More than half (207, 53.9%) of study participants had one or more infection. Prevalence was slightly higher in females (109, 52.7%) than in males (98, 47.3%). About helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant isolate (62.1%) followed by hookworms (18.4%). Only 22 participants were co-infected with malaria parasite and helminths and co-infection with Ascaris lumbricoides was predominant (45.0%). The prevalence of anemia was 10.9% and co-infection with Plasmodium and helminth parasites was significantly associated with (P< 0.000 1) higher anemia prevalence compared to individuals without any infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of malaria and soil transmitted helminths is high and the disease is still major health problem in the study area. Hence, simultaneous combat against the two parasitic infections is very crucial to improve health of the affected communities in economically developing countries.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Abebe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alemu
authors.forename: Yitayal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiferaw
authors.forename: Aklilu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ambachew
authors.forename: Halima
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D000818:Animals; D001196:Ascariasis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017164:Ascaris lumbricoides; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060085:Coinfection; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006376:Helminths; D006725:Hookworm Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008288:Malaria / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health; D055815:Young Adult