title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in Guangzhou, southern China: spatiotemporal patterns and emission sources.
abstract: Fine particulate samples were simultaneously collected at six sites in Guangzhou in November-December 2009. Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and tracers, i.e. hopanes, elemental carbon, picene and levoglucosan were measured. Three high level episodes were observed during the sampling period, likely due to accumulation effects. Back trajectory analysis revealed that the air masses for the three episodes were from eastern inland Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. There was no obvious concentration gradient for total and 5-6 ring PAHs such as benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP) from urban to rural sites. However, 4-ring PAHs such as pyrene (Pyr) exhibited significantly higher levels at rural site than that at urban/suburban sites (p<0.01). BghiP correlated well with hopanes, elemental carbon and picene, indicating vehicular emissions and coal combustion were the sources of 5-6 ring PAHs, which were further confirmed by comparing the four tracers/BghiP ratios and IcdP/BghiP ratios in ambient samples with those from source profiles. Results indicated that vehicular emissions were no longer the dominant sources in winter season in Guangzhou.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xin-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiu-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhen-Hao
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Teng-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D018533:Biomass; D002681:China; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011210:Power Plants; D012621:Seasons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D003031:Coal; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions