title: Tissue restructuring by energy-based surgical tools.
abstract: Energy-based noninvasive surgical tools can be used for ablative bio-stimulation (eg, collagen production) or tissue restructuring functions (eg, tightening or lifting) and are the subject of this review. The authors present the various methods and tools for noninvasive cosmetic surgery (ultrasound, radiofrequency, cryolipolysis, and lasers) and present the clinical outcomes of each. They summarize techniques and methods and their indications, physical parameters and tissue target, and consistency.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. mdobke@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Marek K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Dobke
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hitchcock
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Misell
authors.forename: Gordon H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy / Q000379:methods; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D015595:Skin Aging; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods