title: At limits of life: multidisciplinary insights reveal environmental constraints on biotic diversity in continental Antarctica.
abstract: Multitrophic communities that maintain the functionality of the extreme Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems, while the simplest of any natural community, are still challenging our knowledge about the limits to life on earth. In this study, we describe and interpret the linkage between the diversity of different trophic level communities to the geological morphology and soil geochemistry in the remote Transantarctic Mountains (Darwin Mountains, 80°S). We examined the distribution and diversity of biota (bacteria, cyanobacteria, lichens, algae, invertebrates) with respect to elevation, age of glacial drift sheets, and soil physicochemistry. Results showed an abiotic spatial gradient with respect to the diversity of the organisms across different trophic levels. More complex communities, in terms of trophic level diversity, were related to the weakly developed younger drifts (Hatherton and Britannia) with higher soil C/N ratio and lower total soluble salts content (thus lower conductivity). Our results indicate that an increase of ion concentration from younger to older drift regions drives a succession of complex to more simple communities, in terms of number of trophic levels and diversity within each group of organisms analysed. This study revealed that integrating diversity across multi-trophic levels of biotic communities with abiotic spatial heterogeneity and geological history is fundamental to understand environmental constraints influencing biological distribution in Antarctic soil ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal, Rua dos Bragas, Porto, Portugal. cmag@icbas.up.pt
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Mark I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: S Craig
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cary
authors.forename: Becky A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Bryan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.forename: Diana H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Türk
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ruprecht
mesh_terms: D000864:Antarctic Regions; D044822:Biodiversity; D017753:Ecosystem; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012987:Soil