title: Enhanced n-3 phospholipid content reduces inflammatory responses in bovine endothelial cells.
abstract: Uncontrolled inflammation contributes to the increased incidence and severity of infectious diseases in periparturient dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to determine if increasing n-3 fatty acid (FA) content and altering the profile of vasoactive eicosanoids could attenuate endothelial cell inflammatory responses. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were cultured with free FA mixtures that mimic the plasma NEFA composition during the first week of lactation of dairy cows or with a free FA mixture supplemented with a higher proportion of n-3 FA, including eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. The effects of increasing the docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid content of BAEC on the expression of proinflammatory mediators and eicosanoid biosynthesis was assessed. Culturing BAEC with enriched concentrations of n-3 FA decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and reactive oxygen species with a concomitant increase in the biosynthesis of proresolving eicosanoids, including resolvins, protectins, and lipoxins. This study showed for the first time that increasing the n-3 FA content of endothelial cell phospholipids could alter the expression of eicosanoids and control the magnitude of inflammatory responses. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms by which resolvins, protectins, and lipoxins may modify endothelial inflammatory pathways necessary to reduce the severity and duration of disease in periparturient cows.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mattmiller
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Raphael
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gandy
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sordillo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid