title: Lower-sensitivity and avidity modifications of the vitros anti-HIV 1+2 assay for detection of recent HIV infections and incidence estimation.
abstract: Recent-infection testing assays/algorithms (RITAs) have been developed to exploit the titer and avidity of HIV antibody evolution following seroconversion for incidence estimation. The Vitros Anti-HIV 1+2 assay (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics) was approved by the FDA to detect HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. We developed a less-sensitive (LS) and an avidity-modified version of this assay to detect recent HIV infection. Seroconversion panels (80 subjects, 416 samples) were tested to calculate the mean duration of recent infection (MDR) for these assays. A panel from known long-term (2+ years) HIV-infected subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (n = 134) and subjects with low CD4 counts (AIDS patients [n = 140]) was used to measure the false-recent rate (FRR) of the assays. Using a signal-to-cutoff ratio of 20 and the LS-Vitros assay gave a RITA MDR of 215 days (95% confidence interval [95% CI], ± 65 days) and using an avidity index (AI) of 0.6 gave an MDR of 170 days (± 44 days), while a combination of the two assays yielded a MDR of 146 days (± 38.6) and an FRR of 8%. Misclassifying subjects with known long-term infection as recently infected occurred in 14% of AIDS patients and 29% (95% CI, 22, 38) of HAART subjects and 3% (95% CI, 0.8, 7.2) and 42% (95% CI, 33, 51), respectively, for the LS- and avidity-modified Vitros assays, with a misclassification rate of 15% (95% CI, 11, 20) overall using a dual-assay algorithm. Both modified Vitros assays can be used to estimate the length of time since seroconversion and in calculations for HIV incidence. Like other RITAs, they are subject to high FRR in subjects on HAART or with AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA. Skeating@bloodsystems.org
authors.forename: Sheila M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Mila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lebedeva
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Laeyendecker
authors.forename: N'ko L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Ali-Napo
authors.forename: S Michele
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Stramer
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Busch
mesh_terms: D000915:Antibody Affinity; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies