title: The Umeå University Database of Facial Expressions: a validation study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A set of face stimuli, called the Umeå University Database of Facial Expressions, is described. The set consists of 30 female and 30 male models aged 17-67 years (M = 30.19, SD = 10.66). Each model shows seven different facial expressions (angry, surprised, happy, sad, neutral, afraid, and disgusted). Most models are ethnic Swedes but models of Central European, Arabic, and Asian origin are also included.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Creating and validating a new database of facial expressions that can be used for scientific experiments.
  
  
  METHODS
  The images, presented in random order one at a time, were validated by 526 volunteers rating on average 125 images on seven 10-point Likert-type scales ranging from "completely disagree" to "completely agree" for each emotion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of the aggregated results that were correctly classified was considered to be high (M = 88%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results lend empirical support for the validity of this set of facial expressions. The set can be used freely by the scientific community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jarnvik
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Henningsson
authors.forename: Josefin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carlbring
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013548:Sweden; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult