title: Identification and characterization of in planta-expressed secreted effector proteins from Magnaporthe oryzae that induce cell death in rice.
abstract: Interactions between rice and Magnaporthe oryzae involve the recognition of cellular components and the exchange of complex molecular signals from both partners. How these interactions occur in rice cells is still elusive. We employed robust-long serial analysis of gene expression, massively parallel signature sequencing, and sequencing by synthesis to examine transcriptome profiles of infected rice leaves. A total of 6,413 in planta-expressed fungal genes, including 851 genes encoding predicted effector proteins, were identified. We used a protoplast transient expression system to assess 42 of the predicted effector proteins for the ability to induce plant cell death. Ectopic expression assays identified five novel effectors that induced host cell death only when they contained the signal peptide for secretion to the extracellular space. Four of them induced cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Although the five effectors are highly diverse in their sequences, the physiological basis of cell death induced by each was similar. This study demonstrates that our integrative genomic approach is effective for the identification of in planta-expressed cell death-inducing effectors from M. oryzae that may play an important role facilitating colonization and fungal growth during infection.
authors.affiliation: State Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Songbiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pattavipha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Songkumarn
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Venu
authors.forename: Malali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gowda
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellizzi
authors.forename: Jinnan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Wende
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ebbole
authors.forename: Blake
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Guo-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D015723:Gene Library; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport; D011523:Protoplasts; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D012331:RNA, Fungal