title: Comparison of gene expression profiling between lung fibrotic and emphysematous tissues sampled from patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is characterized by both emphysema of the upper zone and diffuse parenchymal lung disease with fibrosis of the lower zone of the lung on chest computed tomography. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of CPFE regarding gene expressions by comparing the results of microarray sequences between fibrotic and emphysematous lesions in the lungs of CPFE patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression profiles of the fibrotic and emphysematous lesions were remarkably different in terms of function. Genes related to the immune system, structural constituents of the cytoskeleton, and cellular adhesion were overexpressed in fibrotic lesions, while genes associated with the cellular fraction, cell membrane structures, vascular growth and biology, second-messenger-mediated signaling, and lung development (all processes that contribute to the destruction and repair of cells, vessels, and the lung) were overexpressed in emphysematous lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences in gene expression were detected in fibrotic and emphysematous lesions in CPFE patients. We propose that the development of coexisting fibrotic and emphysematous lesions in CPFE is implemented by these different patterns of gene expressions.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan. masayuki@shinshu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanaoka
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yunden
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Droma
authors.forename: Atsuhito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ushiki
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitaguchi
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuo
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubo