title: Evidence that women meeting physical activity guidelines do not sit less: an observational inclinometry study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The inactivity physiology paradigm proposes that sedentary behaviors, including sitting too much, are independent of the type of physical activity delineated for health in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Thus, we hypothesized that, when accounting for behaviors across the entire day, variability in the amount of time spent sitting would be independent of the inter-and intra-individual time engaged in sustained moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one healthy women, aged 40-75 years, completed a demographic questionnaire and assessment of height and weight. Participants wore the activPAL activity monitor for one week and time (minutes/day) spent sitting, standing, stepping, and in sustained bouts (bouts ≥10 minutes) of MVPA were quantified. The women were then stratified into groups based on weekly sustained MVPA. Additionally, each day of data collection for each participant was classified as either a "sufficient" MVPA day (≥ 30 min of MVPA) or an "insufficient" MVPA day for within-participant analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time spent sitting, standing, and in incidental non-exercise stepping averaged 64, 28, and 11 hrs/week, respectively, and did not differ between groups with individuals meeting/exceeding the current exercise recommendation of 150 min/week of sustained MVPA in ≥10 minutes bouts (M = 294 min/week, SD = 22) compared to those with none or minimal levels (M= 20 min/week, SD = 4). Time spent sitting (M = 9.1 hr/day, SD = 0.19 vs. M = 8.8 hr/day, SD = 0.22), standing (M = 3.9 hr/day, SD = 0.16 vs. M = 3.9 hr/day, SD = 0.15), and in intermittent stepping (M = 1.6 hr/day, SD = 0.07 vs. M = 1.6 hr/day, SD = 0.06) did not differ between days with (~55 min/day) and without recommended MVPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first objective evidence that participation in sustained MVPA is unrelated to daily sitting duration in relatively healthy, middle and older-aged women. More research is needed to extend these findings to other populations and to inform distinct behavioral recommendations focused on sedentary time.
authors.affiliation: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. lynette-craft@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Lynette L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.forename: Theodore W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Zderic
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gapstur
authors.forename: Erik H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Vaniterson
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Juned
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.forename: Marc T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016138:Walking; D016387:Women's Health