title: Three most important etiological factors of occurrence of stress urinary incontinence in nulliparous pre- and postmenopausal Polish women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a chronic disease which occurs in 50% of women with urinary incontinence. It is estimated that in association with a longer life span and ageing of the population, this disorder will become even more prevalent and will exert an increasingly stronger effect on the deterioration of the quality of life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study is analysis of the factors affecting the occurrence of SUI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis covered 260 patients aged 27-82. The criterion of enrolment into the study was: diagnosis of SUI without disorders of pelvi-genital statics, and negative obstetric history (nulliparous and non-pregnant women). The investigations covered, among other things, the effect surgeries in the area of the lesser pelvis, body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, concomitant internal diseases, and hormonal therapy, with consideration of the division into two groups: women before and after menopause. Statistical analysis was performed by means of chi 2 Pearson, t-Student test, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton test for p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the analysis unequivocally indicate that the age of patients (p=0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (p=0.0001), and surgical procedure for the removal of the uterus by laparotomy (p=0.0001) exert the greatest effect on the occurrence of SUI in pre- and postmenopausal women. The effect of the remaining etiologic factors is rather controversial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive analysis of risk factors may contribute to the improvement of the results of treatment and quality of life of pre- and postmenopausal patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mother's and Child's Health, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. karolinachmaj@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chmaj-Wierzchowska
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pięta
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotecka
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michalak
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sajdak
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Opala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology