title: A mouse model of swine influenza virus H9N2 infection with acute lung injury.
abstract: BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with A/swine/HeBei/012/2008/ (H9N2) virus (SIV), showing acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), were observed for morbidity (lung histopathology, lung coefficient, lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, arterial blood gas characteristics and inflammatory cells in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF)) and mortality. The results showed that, (1) on days 1-4 post infection (p.i.), mice appeared depressed and showed ruffled fur, reduced food intake, weight loss and hypoxemia with a decreased arterial partial oxygen pressure and an increased partial carbon dioxide pressure. (2) From day 4 p.i., mice began to die and showed pulmonary edema, hemorrhage and inflammatory cells in the alveolar exudate. The lung coefficient and lung W/D ratio significantly increased. (3) On days 3-8 p.i., inflammatory cells, especially alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclears (PMNs) in BALF significantly increased. (4) The mortality rate reached 62.5%. This study established a successful animal model of ALI induced by infection with H9N2 SIV which may help in further investigations of the pathogenesis of human ALI/ARDS induced by H9N2 SIV infection.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  wine influenza virus; H9N2 subtype; acute lung injury; mouse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li-Feng
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cun-Lian
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ming-Ju
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rui-Hua
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines