title: Toxicity of DMSO, Triton X 100 and Tween 20 against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus.
abstract: The problems associated with synthetic chemical pesticides include resistance, residues, pest resurgence and the adverse effects on non-target organisms. Hence, many ecofriendly newer alternatives are being evaluated among which one of the most important is the use of herbal agents. Many of the plant extracts or its fractions are dissolved in polar or non polar solvents or detergents before tested for acaricidal activity. The solvent or detergent used for dissolving the herbal extract should have little or no acaricidal effects. In the present study, laboratory tests were carried out on engorged female Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus ticks to detect the toxicity of common diluents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Tween 20 and Triton X 100 at 1% concentration. The result of the study revealed that least acaricidal activity was with Triton X 100 while the other two inhibited the hatching of eggs laid by treated ticks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576 India.
authors.forename: Reghu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.forename: Sanis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Juliet
authors.forename: Ajith Kumar Karapparambu
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.forename: Amithamol Krishnan
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kavalimakkil
authors.forename: Sunil Athalathil
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ramankutty
authors.forename: Suresh Narayanan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Priya Manakkulamparambil
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: Srikanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh