title: Cases of pediatric narcolepsy after misdiagnoses.
abstract: Narcolepsy is characterized by recurrent brief attacks of irresistible sleepiness. Signs can begin during childhood. However, diagnoses are frequently delayed by 10-15 years because of unfamiliarity with pediatric narcolepsy and variable presentations of its associated features (cataplexy, hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis). Therefore, patients may remain untreated during their formative years. Three children with narcolepsy who were initially misdiagnosed are described. Each child's signs were initially related to depression, hypothyroidism, jaw dysfunction, or conversion disorder. However, after a multiple sleep latency test, the diagnosis of narcolepsy was established. All three patients were treated appropriately with stimulant medications, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or sodium oxybate, and demonstrated positive responses. Although no definitive cure exists for narcolepsy, early recognition and appropriate symptomatic treatment with medications can allow affected children to improve quality of life and achieve normality, both academically and socially.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Shilpa.kauta@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Shilpa R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kauta
authors.forename: Carole L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Marcus
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012978:Sodium Oxybate / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D012978:Sodium Oxybate