title: Thymosin β4 is rapidly internalized by cells and does not induce intracellular Ca2+ elevation.
abstract: Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a multifunctional protein that has pleiotropic activities both intracellularly and extracellularly. The mechanisms by which it influences cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, differentiation, or apoptosis are not yet understood. Calcium is a ubiquitous signal molecule that is involved in the regulation of almost all cellular functions. Our data indicate that the release of Ca(2+)  from intracellular stores following stimulation of cells with Tβ4 does not occur. Interestingly, Tβ4 becomes rapidly internalized, supporting the concept that it may express its activities via intracellular receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Medical Biophysics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. czeslaw.cierniewski@umed.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Czeslaw S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cierniewski
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sobierajska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Selmi
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kryczka
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bednarek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D013947:Thymosin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099201:Thymosin beta(4)
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D013947:Thymosin; D000099201:Thymosin beta(4)