title: Obesity, energy balance, and cancer: new opportunities for prevention.
abstract: Obesity is associated with increased risk and poor prognosis for many types of cancer. The mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer link are becoming increasingly clear and provide multiple opportunities for primary to tertiary prevention. Several obesity-related host factors can influence tumor initiation, progression and/or response to therapy, and these have been implicated as key contributors to the complex effects of obesity on cancer incidence and outcomes. These host factors include insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, leptin, adiponectin, steroid hormones, cytokines, and inflammation-related molecules. Each of these host factors is considered in the context of energy balance and as potential targets for cancer prevention. The possibility of prevention at the systems level, including energy restriction, dietary composition, and exercise is considered as is the importance of the newly emerging field of stem cell research as a model for studying energy balance and cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Nab@case.edu
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hursting
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Digiovanni
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dannenberg
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azrad
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leroith
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Demark-Wahnefried
authors.forename: Madhuri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakarala
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brodie
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011315:Preventive Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins