title: Nicotinamide restores the reduction of parvalbumin in cerebral ischemic injury.
abstract: The aim of this study investigated whether nicotinamide affects parvalbumin expression in focal cerebral ischemic injury. Rats were treated with vehicle or nicotinamide (500 mg/kg) 2 hr after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and cerebral cortex tissues were collected 24 hr after MCAO. Nicotinamide significantly decreases the volume of infarct areas in the cerebral cortex. A proteomic approach revealed that MCAO induces decreases of parvalbumin levels, while nicotinamide treatment prevents injury-induced decreases in parvalbumin. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that nicotinamide restores injury-induced decreases in parvalbumin. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the numbers of parvalbumin-positive cells were decreased in vehicle-treated animals with MCAO, and that nicotinamide averted this decrease. In cultured hippocampal cells, nicotinamide treatment prevents the glutamate exposure-induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and decrease in parvalbumin expression. These results suggest the fact that the maintenance of parvalbumin expression is mediated to the neuroprotective function of nicotinamide against ischemic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, South Korea. pokoh@gnu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Phil-Ok
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Koh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010320:Parvalbumins; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D009536:Niacinamide; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002118:Calcium