title: Secondary effects of antipsychotic treatment in naive or quasi-naive children and adolescents: design of a follow-up protocol and baseline results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prescribing of anti-psychotic drugs has become a normal clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article presents a longitudinal, multicentre study of 12 months conducted on 266 children and adolescents who were prescribed a first or second generation antipsychotic drug for the first time, and the baseline results of the study. The follow-up protocol had as its purpose to detect the possible appearance of metabolic, cardiological, and motor changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the presence of side effects was evaluated using the UKU (clinical side-effects scale) statistically significant differences were found between naive (patients who had never taken an anti-psychotic drug) and quasi-naive patients (those who have taken anti-psychotic drugs for a period of less than 30 days), with a greater number of the latter showing symptoms of: anxiety/laxity/tiredness (P=.0049), drowsiness/sedation (P<.001), increase in dream duration (P<.001), increase in dreams (P=.0199), emotional indifference (P=.0194), hypokinesia/akinesia (P=.0224), paresthesias (P=.0049), accommodation disorder (P=.0254), increase in salivation (P<.001), polyuria/polydipsia (P=.0076), increase in sweating (P=.0076), increase in sexual desire (P=.0117), decrease in sexual desire (P=.0053), tension headaches (P=.0405). When the presence of extrapyramidal symptoms was assessed using the MPRC-IMS (Maryland Psychiatry Research Center-Involuntary Movements) Scale, it was observed that the quasi-naïve patients had a statistically higher number of dyskinesia (P=.002), Parkinsonism (P=.0004) and akathisia (P=.0437) symptoms compared to the naïve patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that, in the childhood-adolescent population, the presence of secondary effects begins to be observed from the first dose of the antipsychotic drug.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Psiquiatría del Niño y el Adolescente, Departamento de Psiquiatría, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, IISGM, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. jmerchan@iisgm.com
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merchán-Naranjo
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.forename: Concha
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bailón
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baeza
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calvo-Escalona
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morer
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cantarero
authors.forename: Patricia Andrés
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nestares
authors.forename: José Ángel
authors.initials: JÁ
authors.lastname: Alda
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arango
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents