title: New perspectives in the therapy of castration resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: Prostate Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the Western World. Docetaxel-based chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment until a few years ago for metastatic castration resistant prostatic cancer (mCRPC). Recently, a broad range of therapeutic options has become available for mCRPC in a variety of settings, including chemotherapeutic agents (cabazitaxel), androgen synthesis inhibitors (abiraterone acetate), androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors (enzalutamide) and immunotherapy (sipuleucel-T). Multiple novel targeted agents are at an advanced stage of experimentation, including androgen synthesis inhibitors (TAK700), AR inhibitors (ARN509), radiopharmaceuticals (radium-223) and immunotherapeutic agents (poxvirus-based vaccine, ipilimumab). This review describes in detail the latest results obtained with a the most promising agents in prostate cancer, with a focus on CRPC biology and mechanism of resistance to anti-neoplastic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Genitourinary Cancer Section, Medical Oncology Division, Department of Endocrinology and Oncology, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy. giuseppedilorenzoncol@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rescigno
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buonerba
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bellmunt
authors.forename: Guru
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sonpavde
authors.forename: Sabino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Placido
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043823:Taxoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D043823:Taxoids; C552428:cabazitaxel