title: TiNOx coatings increase human primary osteoblasts proliferation independently of the substrate: a short report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When applied onto SLA titanium, Titanium Nitride Oxide (TiNOx) coatings are known for their stimulating effect on osteoblast proliferation while maintaining a high degree of differentiation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the stimulating effect of TiNOx coatings is or is not dependent of the metal substrate.
  
  
  METHODS
  A TiNOx coating was deposited on roughened stainless steel (SS-SLA-TiNOx). The proliferation and differentiation of human primary osteoblasts were determined and compared to that observed on standard SLA titanium. To this end, cell proliferation and gene expression were monitored for a time course of 3 weeks, with or without additional stimulation by 100 nM 1.25(OH)2 vitamin D3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 1.5 fold increase in the proliferation rate of cells grown on SS-SLA-TiNOx as compared to Ti-SLA surfaces was observed. A high level of differentiation was also noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TiNOx coatings yield similar proliferation and differentiation rates when applied onto roughened Ti and SS. This might translate into a more effective osseointegration of endosseous implants made of stronger metals than Ti.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomaterials, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rieder
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scherrer
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filieri
authors.forename: H W Anselm
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wiskott
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durual
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; C434243:titanium-nitride-oxide; D053495:Osteopontin; D013193:Stainless Steel; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase