title: Morinda citrifolia leaves enhance osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human periodontal ligament cells.
abstract: This present study investigated the potential of Morinda citrifolia leaf aqueous extract to induce osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization of human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured in complete medium, ascorbic acid with β-glycerophosphate, or Morinda citrifolia leaf aqueous extract. Morinda citrifolia leaf aqueous extract significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity compared to culturing in complete medium or ascorbic acid with β-glycerophosphate. Matrixcontaining mineralized nodules were formed only when the cells were cultured in the presence of Morinda citrifolia leaf aqueous extract. These nodules showed positive alizarin red S staining and were rich in calcium and phosphorus according to energy dispersive X-ray analysis. In conclusion, Morinda citrifolia leaf extract promoted osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization in human periodontal ligament cells, a clear indication of the therapeutic potential of Morinda citrifolia leaves in bone and periodontal tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University.
authors.forename: Kanitsak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boonanantanasarn
authors.forename: Kajohnkiart
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Janebodin
authors.forename: Prapan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suppakpatana
authors.forename: Tawepong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arayapisit
authors.forename: Jit-aree
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodsutthi
authors.forename: Panjit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chunhabundit
authors.forename: Surintorn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boonanuntanasarn
authors.forename: Wanida
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sripairojthikoon
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D032066:Morinda; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010758:Phosphorus; C004468:Alizarin Red S; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D002118:Calcium; C031463:beta-glycerophosphoric acid