title: Bacteria and Candida yeasts in inflammations of the oral  mucosa in children with secondary immunodeficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral microbial flora and a damaged oral mucosa may increase the risk of bacteriemia, fungemia and complications in immunocompromised patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of presence: bacteria and Candida spp. in different oral lesions, and the incidence of bacteremia in the case of a damaged mucosa in transplant recipients and patients receiving anti-tumour chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients – 18 months to 18 years of life, were included (20 – organ recipients, 14– anti-tumour chemotherapy, 11 – control group). Clinical, oral mucosa examination focused on the type, severity and site of lesions, and microbiology assessed the presence of bacteria and fungi in the material from lesions. Blood cultures were performed in ten immunocompromised patients with manifestations of systemic infection. The control material consisted of blood cultures made prior to the onset of oral lesions and after 4–6 weeks following their remission in a diagnosed bacteremia. The statistical analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the subjects with secondary immunodeficiency, among other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), Candidia spp. were more frequent. In cancer patients, mucositis was associated with Candida spp., Streptococcus spp. Organ recipients with stomatitis exhibited the presence of CoNS, Streptococcus viridians and other. Oral lesions in the control group contained Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Neisseria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. In 30% of immunocompromised patients, oral lesions were accompanied by bacteremia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A correlation has been found between oral lesions and the presence of S. aureus in patients without secondary immunodeficiency, and of CoNS, Enterococcus spp., Candida spp. in immunocompromised patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, 00-246 Warsaw, Poland. do-k@o2.pl
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olczak-Kowalczyk
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daszkiewicz
authors.lastname: Krasuska-Sławińska
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dembowska-Bagińska
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gozdowski
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daszkiewicz
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fronc
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Semczuk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents