title: Physiopathology of intrauterine growth retardation: from classic data to metabolomics.
abstract: It is well known that adverse conditions during intrauterine life, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), can result in permanent changes in the physiology and metabolism of the newborn, which in turn leads to an increased risk of disease in adulthood (fetal origin of adult disease hypothesis). In the first part of this review the epidemiological studies in which a correlation between low birth weight and chronic pathologies in adulthood was observed are reported. The second part of the review is focused on metabolomics studies that have revealed an altered metabolism in IUGR patients compared to controls. Together with more classic biomarkers of IUGR, such as endothelin-1, leptin, protein S100B and visfatin, the new holistic metabolomics approach has assumed a crescent role in the identification of disorders in the neonatal metabolic profile, determined by the interconnection of the different processes.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, AOU Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dessì
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ottonello
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fanos
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D019332:Endothelin-1; D057890:Epigenomics; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D048070:Fetal Nutrition Disorders; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020738:Leptin; D055432:Metabolomics; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D020738:Leptin