title: Dynamic associations of change in physical activity and change in cognitive function: coordinated analyses of four longitudinal studies.
abstract: The present study used a coordinated analyses approach to examine the association of physical activity and cognitive change in four longitudinal studies. A series of multilevel growth models with physical activity included both as a fixed (between-person) and time-varying (within-person) predictor of four domains of cognitive function (reasoning, memory, fluency, and semantic knowledge) was used. Baseline physical activity predicted fluency, reasoning and memory in two studies. However, there was a consistent pattern of positive relationships between time-specific changes in physical activity and time-specific changes in cognition, controlling for expected linear trajectories over time, across all four studies. This pattern was most evident for the domains of reasoning and fluency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science and Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 300, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindwall
authors.forename: Cynthia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cimino
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Meghan B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Andreana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benitez
authors.forename: Cassandra L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Kennison
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shirk
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atri
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robitaille
authors.forename: Stuart W S
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Zelinski
authors.forename: Sherry L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: K Warner
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schaie
authors.forename: Boo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Praetorius
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Dan M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mungas
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Piccinin