title: Molecular analysis of Helicobacter pylori virulent-associated genes in hepatobiliary patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Helicobacter pylori virulence-associated genes in hepatobiliary patients, including vacA, iceA, babA2, cagA and cagE, have not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate these genes and the association of those and the clinical outcomes in hepatobiliary diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty H. pylori-PCR-positive cases were obtained from hepatobiliary patients, representing both cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) (n= 58) and cholelithiasis (n= 22). The diversity of virulence genes was examined by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of cagA was determined using the maximum parsimony method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vacAs1a + c/m1, iceA1 and babA2 genes were the most predominant genotypes in both CCA and cholelithiasis patients. The cagA and cagE genes were found significantly more frequently in patients with CCA than those with cholelithiasis (P < 0.05). The cagA positive samples were the Western-type cagA and showed that almost all of the detected sequences in Thai hepatobiliary and Thai gastric cancer patients were classified in the same cluster but separated from the cluster of Japan and other countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cagA and cagE genes may be associated in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary diseases, especially of CCA. Besides the bacterial variation, other host factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wongwarut
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boonyanugomol
authors.forename: Chariya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chomvarin
authors.forename: Banchob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sripa
authors.forename: Siri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chau-In
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pugkhem
authors.forename: Wises
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Namwat
authors.forename: Warawan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wongboot
authors.forename: Bandit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khampoosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C103937:PicB protein, Helicobacter pylori; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D037521:Virulence Factors; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C063113:ice nucleation protein