title: Adenoid ciliostimulation in children with chronic otitis media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adenoid hypertrophy and chronic adenoiditis are associated with an increased incidence of chronic otitis media. This study intends to determine the relationship between chronic otitis media and dynamic ciliary beat frequency in children undergoing adenoidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children undergoing adenoidectomy were enrolled. Patients were stratified according to their indication for surgery, including adenotonsillar hypertrophy with obstructive sleep apnea, chronic otitis media with effusion, or recurrent episodes of acute otitis media. Adenoids were harvested using the curette. Tissue was sectioned and allowed to equilibrate in basal media for 24 hours. Cilia-bearing tissue was then stimulated using isoproterenol or methacholine. Ciliary beat frequency was serially reordered and analyzed using the Sisson-Ammons Video Analysis software program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline ciliary beat frequency was similar in all groups (N = 47, total). Using isoproterenol, children with chronic otitis media with effusion demonstrated a blunted dynamic ciliary response at 2 and 3 hours relative to control (P = .0176 and P = .0282). Methacholine-stimulated ciliary beat frequency was not different between each group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 2 and 3 hours following isoproterenol stimulation, there was a significant blunting of dynamic ciliary beat frequency in children with chronic otitis media with effusion. This ciliary dysfunction may provide a physiological explanation related to chronic adenoiditis in children with chronic otitis media.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave, MSC 550, Charleston, SC 29403, USA. andreoli@musc.edu
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schlosser
authors.forename: Ling-Feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Discolo
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D000234:Adenoids / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D007545:Isoproterenol