title: The Mozart effect in patients suffering from tinnitus.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that Mozart therapy could be a valid alternative to the common sound therapy methods in tinnitus patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of the Mozart effect as indexed by a variation in tinnitus intensity and tolerability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two individuals aged between 22 and 78 years, reporting tinnitus for at least 1 year, were enrolled for the study. All patients attended a 1 h cognitive behavioral counseling session and listened to Mozart's sonata k448 for 1 h per day for a month. Afterwards patients listened to Beethoven's Für Elise sonata for 1 h per day for a month. To evaluate the general stress level, the impact of tinnitus on patients' quality of life, and the intensity of tinnitus, patients were invited to participate in three tests: the Measure du Stress Psychologique (MSP) questionnaire, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and a 0 to 10 visual analog scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all the parameters investigated, MSP, THI, and intensity, there was a general significant improvement between the pre- and post-listening evaluation. A significant improvement, as regards THI and intensity, could already be appreciated after a single exposure to Mozart's sonata.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. giuseppe.attanasio@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Attanasio
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cartocci
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Covelli
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ambrosetti
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Mariagrazia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaccone
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ponzanetti
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gueli
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Filipo
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cacciafesta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult