title: Bone age estimation by cervical vertebral dimensions in lateral cephalometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A critical issue in contemporary orthodontics is bone age estimation. The most reliable method for skeletal age evaluation is hand-wrist radiography; but it requires further radiation. There is an increasing attention for evaluating cervical vertebrae to reduce the radiation to the patients. The aim of this study was to estimate bone age by measuring 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae (C3, C4) dimensions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a correlational study on 91 Iranian individuals aged 8-18 years. After taking lateral cephalometry and hand-wrist radiographs, C3 and C4 were measured using Vixwin 2000 software. Hand-wrist bone age, determined on Greulich Atlas, was the reference test. Stepwise multiple linear regression model demonstrated the correlation between the two measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anterior height of the fourth cervical vertebrae (AH4) had the strongest simple correlation with hand-wrist bone age (r=0.831, P<0.001) and was the only variable that remained in stepwise multivariate regression model. The regression model was: Bone age=0.989×AH4+3.308. Adjusted R2 was 0.686 (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lateral cephalometric radiographs are useful for bone age estimation, and might be an alternative for hand-wrist radiography, with the advantage of radiation reduction.
authors.affiliation: Dentomaxillofacial Radiologist, Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department, Dental school, Shaheed Beheshti University, M.C. Evin, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varshosaz
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ehsani
authors.forename: Mahtab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nouri
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D050276:Hand Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods