title: Evaluation of partial k-space strategies to speed up time-domain EPR imaging.
abstract: Narrow-line spin probes derived from the trityl radical have led to the development of fast in vivo time-domain EPR imaging. Pure phase-encoding imaging modalities based on the single-point imaging scheme have demonstrated the feasibility of three-dimensional oximetric images with functional information in minutes. In this article, we explore techniques to improve the temporal resolution and circumvent the relatively short biological half-lives of trityl probes using partial k-space strategies. There are two main approaches: one involves the use of the Hermitian character of the k-space by which only part of the k-space is measured and the unmeasured part is generated using the Hermitian symmetry. This approach is limited in success by the accuracy of numerical estimate of the phase roll in the k-space that corrupts the Hermiticy. The other approach is to measure only a judicially chosen reduced region of k-space (a centrosymmetric ellipsoid region) that more or less accounts for >70% of the k-space energy. Both of these aspects were explored in Fourier transform-EPR imaging with a doubling of scan speed demonstrated by considering ellipsoid geometry of the k-space. Partial k-space strategies help improve the temporal resolution in studying fast dynamics of functional aspects in vivo with infused spin probes.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Sankaran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Gadisetti V R
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Chandramouli
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: Rao P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gullapalli
authors.forename: Nallathamby
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Devasahayam
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Murali C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Krishna
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D010092:Oximetry; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013997:Time Factors