title: Alcohol consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: effect modification by hypercholesterolemia: the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While the protective nature of moderate alcohol consumption against diabetes mellitus is well known, inconsistent findings continue to be reported. The possibility of different mixes of effect modifiers has been raised as a reason for those inconsistent findings. Our study aim was to examine potential effect modifiers that can change the effect of alcohol consumption on type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  From data in the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 3,982 individuals over the age of 30 years who had not been diagnosed with diabetes were selected for inclusion in the study population. Breslow and Day's test and the Wald test between hypercholesterolemia and alcohol consumption in a multiple logistic regression model were used to assess effect modification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Odds ratios for diabetes stratified by alcohol consumption strata and assessed using Breslow and Day's tests for homogeneity indicated that hypercholesterolemia was not a significant confounding factor (p=0.01). However, the Wald test for interaction terms, which is a conservative method of effect modification, was significant (p=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that moderate alcohol consumption is not necessarily protective for type 2 diabetes mellitus, if a person has hypercholesterolemia. People who have hypercholesterolemia should be aware of the risk associated with alcohol consumption, a risk that contrasts with the reported protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeongap
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Won-Mo
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jong-Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Juhwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Mu-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Soo-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Yong-Ik
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015987:Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012306:Risk