title: Improving teaching on an inpatient pediatrics service: a retrospective analysis of a program change.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The traditional role of the faculty inpatient attending providing clinical care and effectively teaching residents and medical students is threatened by increasing documentation requirements, pressures to increase clinical productivity, and insufficient funding available for medical education. In order to sustain and improve clinical education on a general pediatric inpatient service, we instituted a comprehensive program change. Our program consisted of creating detailed job descriptions, setting clear expectations, and providing salary support for faculty inpatient attending physicians serving in clinical and educational roles. This study was aimed at assessing the impact of this program change on the learners' perceptions of their faculty attending physicians and learners' experiences on the inpatient rotations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed resident and medical student electronic evaluations of both clinical and teaching faculty attending physician characteristics, as well as resident evaluations of an inpatient rotation experience. We compared the proportions of "superior" ratings versus all other ratings prior to the educational intervention (2005-2006, baseline) with the two subsequent years post intervention (2006-2007, year 1; 2007-2008, year 2). We also compared medical student scores on a comprehensive National Board of Medical Examiners clinical subject examination pre and post intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to the baseline year, pediatric residents were more likely to rate as superior the quality of didactic teaching (OR=1.7 [1.0-2.8] year 1; OR=2.0 [1.1-3.5] year 2) and attendings' appeal as a role model (OR=1.9 [1.1-3.3] year 2). Residents were also more likely to rate as superior the quality of feedback and evaluation they received from the attending (OR=2.1 [1.2-3.7] year 1; OR=3.9 [2.2-7.1] year 2). Similar improvements were also noted in medical student evaluations of faculty attendings. Most notably, medical students were significantly more likely to rate feedback on their data gathering and physical examination skills as superior (OR=4.2 [2.0-8.6] year 1; OR=6.4 [3.0-13.6] year 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive program which includes clear role descriptions along with faculty expectations, as well as salary support for faculty in clinical and educational roles, can improve resident and medical student experiences on a general pediatric inpatient service. The authors provide sufficient detail to replicate this program to other settings.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BRB 137 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. mbarone@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dudas
authors.forename: Rosalyn W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dover
authors.forename: Janet R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Serwint
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D015142:Baltimore; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003479:Curriculum / Q000592:standards; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D005246:Feedback; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards*; D007587:Job Description; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000592:standards; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D013044:Specialty Boards; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D013663:Teaching