title: A review on antimicrobial activity of mushroom (Basidiomycetes) extracts and isolated compounds.
abstract: Despite the huge diversity of antibacterial compounds, bacterial resistance to first-choice antibiotics has been drastically increasing. Moreover, the association between multiresistant microorganisms and nosocomial infections highlight the problem, and the urgent need for solutions. Natural resources have been exploited in the last years and among them, mushrooms could be an alternative source of new antimicrobials. In this review, we present an overview of the antimicrobial properties of mushroom extracts and highlight some of the active compounds identified, including low- and high-molecular weight (LMW and HMW, respectively) compounds. LMW compounds are mainly secondary metabolites, such as sesquiterpenes and other terpenes, steroids, anthraquinones, benzoic acid derivatives, and quinolines, but also primary metabolites such as oxalic acid. HMW compounds are mainly peptides and proteins. Data available from the literature indicate a higher antimicrobial activity of mushroom extracts against gram-positive bacteria. Among all the mushrooms, Lentinus edodes is the most studied species and seems to have a broad antimicrobial action against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Plectasin peptide, obtained from Pseudoplectania nigrella, is the isolated compound with the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, while 2-aminoquinoline, isolated from Leucopaxillus albissimus, presents the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria.
authors.affiliation: CBQF-Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Isabel C F R
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Vânia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Anabela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pintado
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055808:Drug Discovery; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008970:Molecular Weight; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D011804:Quinolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011804:Quinolines; D013729:Terpenes