title: Reduction in mortality as a result of direct transport from the field to a receiving center for primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine whether mortality complicating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was impacted by the design of transport systems.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is recommended that regions develop systems to facilitate rapid transfer of STEMI patients to centers equipped to perform primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), yet the impact on mortality from the design of such systems remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within the framework of a citywide system where all STEMI patients are referred for primary PCI, we compared patients referred directly from the field to a PCI center to patients transported beforehand from the field to a non-PCI-capable hospital. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 180 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,389 consecutive patients with STEMI were assessed by the emergency medical services (EMS) and referred for primary PCI: 822 (59.2%) were referred directly from the field to a PCI center, and 567 (40.8%) were transported to a non-PCI-capable hospital first. Death at 180 days occurred in 5.0% of patients transferred directly from the field, and in 11.5% of patients transported from the field to a non-PCI-capable hospital (p < 0.0001. After adjusting for baseline characteristics in a multivariable logistic regression model, mortality remained lower among patients referred directly from the field to the PCI center (odds ratio: 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.31 to 0.88, p = 0.01). Similar results were obtained by using propensity score methods for adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A STEMI system allowing EMS to transport patients directly to a primary PCI center was associated with a significant reduction in mortality. Our results support the concept of STEMI systems that include pre-hospital referral by EMS.
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. mlemay@ottawaheart.ca
authors.forename: Michel R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Le May
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Derek Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Chris A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Froeschl
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dionne
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Marquis
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Sherrard
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trickett
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blondeau
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernick
authors.forename: Marino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labinaz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009864:Ontario; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors