title: Analysis of higher-order aberrations in a large clinical population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use a large wave-front database of a clinical population to investigate relationships between refractions and higher-order aberrations and between aberrations of right and left eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Third- and fourth-order aberration coefficients and higher-order root-mean-squared aberrations (HO RMS), scaled to a pupil size of 4.5-mm diameter, were analyzed in a population of approximately 24,000 patients from Carl Zeiss Vision's European wave-front database. Correlations were determined between the aberrations and the variables of refraction, near addition, and cylinder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most aberration coefficients were significantly dependent upon these variables, but the proportion of aberrations that could be explained by these factors was less than 2% except for spherical aberration (12%), horizontal coma (9%), and HO RMS (7%). Near addition was the major contributor for horizontal coma (8.5% out of 9.5%) and spherical equivalent was the major contributor for spherical aberration (7.7% out of 11.6%). Interocular correlations were highly significant for all aberration coefficients, varying between 0.16 and 0.81. Anisometropia was a variable of significance for three aberrations (vertical coma, secondary astigmatism, and tetrafoil), but little importance can be placed on this finding because of the small proportion of aberrations that can be explained by refraction (all <1.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most third- and fourth-order aberration coefficients were significantly dependent upon spherical equivalent, near addition, and cylinder, but only horizontal coma (9%) and spherical aberration (12%) showed dependencies greater than 2%. Interocular correlations were highly significant for all aberration coefficients, but anisometropia had little influence on aberration coefficients.
authors.affiliation: Hartwig, Heikendorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartwig
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Atchison
mesh_terms: D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology*; D019781:Corneal Topography / Q000379:methods*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index