title: Characterization of bacteriophage φPto-bp6g, a novel phage that lyses Pseudomonas tolaasii causing brown blotch disease in mushrooms.
abstract: The bacteriophage, φPto-bp6g, exhibited strong bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas tolaasii, the bacterium that causes brown blotch disease in cultivated mushrooms. Analysis of phage morphology with an electron microscope revealed that φPto-bp6g contains an icosahedral head and a long tail, which is classified as the family of Siphoviridae. The phage was observed to lyse P. tolaasii in the broth about 4h after inoculation, indicating a putative lytic pathway exists during bacterial growth. The whole genome of φPto-bp6g was completely sequenced, with a length of 26,499 bp and a G+C content of 42.7%. A total of 77 open reading frames (ORFs) as putative coding sequences were identified and annotated, whereas 43 ORFs possessed no homologs. Proteins of several ORFs showed similarity with proteins of a diverse group of phages, including Siphoviridae (5 ORFs), Myoviridae (11 ORFs), and Podoviridae (4 ORFs). Phage proteins were grouped into three categories based on their predicted functions: (i) DNA replication and nucleotide metabolism, (ii) phage particle formation, and (iii) host interaction. Since there is no identified gene encoding integrase and toxins in phage genome, phage φPto-bp6g could be potentially applicable as a safe biological control reagent against brown blotch disease in mushroom cultivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hanh Thi Dieu
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Soojin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Min-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Kee
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Moon-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: You-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Yoongho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sang Heum
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Dong-Eun
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000254:growth & development*; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D001482:Base Composition; D017899:Caudovirales / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*