title: Association between dietary patterns and insulin resistance in Mexican children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic disorder that is increasing worldwide and has been associated with several negative health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between different dietary patterns and IR among Mexican children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional analysis on baseline data from Mexican children and adolescents aged 7–18 years participating in the Health Workers Cohort Study. We included 916 children and adolescents of both sexes. Fasting serum glucose and insulin levels were determined by standardized methods. We defined IR using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) as ≥3.5. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. The associations of interest, those between IR and dietary patterns, were analyzed with multiple logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IR prevalence was 20.3% among girls and boys aged 7–18 years, for whom the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29.7%. We identified 3 major dietary patterns in this group: ‘Western’, ‘prudent’ and ‘high protein/fat’. For the purposes of this analysis we compared the upper versus the lower quintile of each dietary pattern. Independently of other covariates, participants in the highest quintile of the Western pattern had 92% greater odds of IR (OR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.08–3.43) compared with those in the lowest quintile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the hypothesis that high carbohydrate diets like our Western dietary pattern may increase IR in young people. This result emphasizes the importance of preventive nutrition interventions geared toward Mexican children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romero-Polvo
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Denova-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rivera-Paredez
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castañón
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gallegos-Carrillo
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Halley-Castillo
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmerón
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005215:Fasting; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin