title: Genome-wide expression profiling identifies type 1 interferon response pathways in active tuberculosis.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), remains the leading cause of mortality from a single infectious agent. Each year around 9 million individuals newly develop active TB disease, and over 2 billion individuals are latently infected with M.tb worldwide, thus being at risk of developing TB reactivation disease later in life. The underlying mechanisms and pathways of protection against TB in humans, as well as the dynamics of the host response to M.tb infection, are incompletely understood. We carried out whole-genome expression profiling on a cohort of TB patients longitudinally sampled along 3 time-points: during active infection, during treatment, and after completion of curative treatment. We identified molecular signatures involving the upregulation of type-1 interferon (α/β) mediated signaling and chronic inflammation during active TB disease in an Indonesian population, in line with results from two recent studies in ethnically and epidemiologically different populations in Europe and South Africa. Expression profiles were captured in neutrophil-depleted blood samples, indicating a major contribution of lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Expression of type-1 interferon (α/β) genes mediated was also upregulated in the lungs of M.tb infected mice and in infected human macrophages. In patients, the regulated gene expression-signature normalized during treatment, including the type-1 interferon mediated signaling and a concurrent opposite regulation of interferon-gamma. Further analysis revealed IL15RA, UBE2L6 and GBP4 as molecules involved in the type-I interferon response in all three experimental models. Our data is highly suggestive that the innate immune type-I interferon signaling cascade could be used as a quantitative tool for monitoring active TB disease, and provide evidence that components of the patient's blood gene expression signature bear similarities to the pulmonary and macrophage response to mycobacterial infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. t.h.m.ottenhoff@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Tom H M
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ottenhoff
authors.forename: Ranjeeta Hari
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dass
authors.forename: Ninghan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mingzi M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hazel E E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Edhyana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sahiratmadja
authors.forename: Chiea Chuen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Khor
authors.forename: Bachti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alisjahbana
authors.forename: Reinout
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Crevel
authors.forename: Sangkot
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marzuki
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seielstad
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van de Vosse
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hibberd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002460:Cell Line; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015894:Genome, Human; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000502:physiology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D059467:Transcriptome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I