title: Direct imaging of complex nano- to microscale interfaces involving solid, liquid, and gas phases.
abstract: Surfaces with special wetting properties not only can efficiently repel or attract liquids such as water and oils but also can prevent formation of biofilms, ice, and clathrate hydrates. Predicting the wetting properties of these special surfaces requires detailed knowledge of the composition and geometry of the interfacial region between the droplet and the underlying substrate. In this work we introduce a 3D quantitative method for direct nanoscale visualization of such interfaces. Specifically, we demonstrate direct nano- to microscale imaging of complex fluidic interfaces using cryostabilization in combination with cryogenic focused ion beam milling and SEM imaging. We show that application of this method yields quantitative information about the interfacial geometry of water condensate on superhydrophilic, superhydrophobic, and lubricant-impregnated surfaces with previously unattainable nanoscale resolution. This type of information is crucial to a fundamental understanding as well as the design of surfaces with special wetting properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. konrad.rykaczewski@nist.gov
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rykaczewski
authors.forename: Trevan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Landin
authors.forename: Marlon L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: John Henry J
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Kripa K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Varanasi
mesh_terms: D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D044367:Phase Transition; D013499:Surface Properties