title: Assessment of early radial injury after transradial coronary intervention by high-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy: innovative technology application.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transradial coronary intervention (TRI) introduces injury to the radial artery (RA) which will affect repeat transradial coronary procedure and the quality as a bypass conduit. We sought to compare the early radial injury after TRI between first-TRI and repeat-TRI by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1116 patients who underwent the transradial coronary procedures were enrolled. The patients depending on whether for the first time to accept transradial coronary procedure were divided into first-TRI group and repeat-TRI group. The RA was examined by UBM before and one day after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with first-TRI group, the mean RA diameter of repeat-TRI one day after the procedure decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In first-TRI group, the mean RA diameter was (2.32 ± 0.53) and (1.93 ± 0.57) mm before procedure and one day after the procedure respectively (P < 0.05). In repeat-TRI group, the mean RA diameter was (2.37 ± 0.51) and (1.79 ± 0.54) mm before procedure and one day after the procedure, respectively (P < 0.01). Compared with first-TRI group, the mean RA diameter was reduced significantly in repeat-TRI group one day after the procedure (P < 0.05). The early radial injuries and intimal thickening were compared between first-TRI and repeat-TRI. The mean intima-media thickness of RA was (0.24 ± 0.13) mm and (0.59 ± 0.28) mm before procedure and one day after the procedure in first-TRI group. The mean intima-media thickness of RA was (0.29 ± 0.16) mm and (0.68 ± 0.32) mm before procedure and one day after the procedure in repeat-TRI group. Compared with first-TRI group, the mean intimal thickening was increased significantly in repeat-TRI group one day after the procedure (P < 0.05). Intimal dissection, stenosis and occlusion were all significantly greater in repeat-TRI RAs (P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed that diameter, repeated TRI procedure and PCI procedure were the independent predictors of intimal thickening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RA early injuries were greater in repeat-TRI patients than in first-TRI patients. We first use high-resolution UBM imaging to demonstrate the rate of radial injury and revealed that diameter, repeated TRI procedure and PCI procedure were the independent predictors of intimal thickening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yu-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DU
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhen-Xian
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhi-Jian
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Shi-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: De-An
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Hong-Ya
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiao-Han
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*