title: Creating order from chaos: cellular regulation by kinase anchoring.
abstract: Second messenger responses rely on where and when the enzymes that propagate these signals become active. Spatial and temporal organization of certain signaling enzymes is controlled in part by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). This family of regulatory proteins was originally classified on the basis of their ability to compartmentalize the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (also known as protein kinase A, or PKA). However, it is now recognized that AKAPs position G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases, G proteins, and their effector proteins in relation to protein kinases and signal termination enzymes such as phosphodiesterases and protein phosphatases. This arrangement offers a simple and efficient means to limit the scope, duration, and directional flow of information to sites deep within the cell. This review focuses on the pros and cons of reagents that define the biological role of kinase anchoring inside cells and discusses recent advances in our understanding of anchored second messenger signaling in the cardiovascular and immune systems.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. scottjdw@uw.edu
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Carmen W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Dessauer
authors.forename: Kjetil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taskén
mesh_terms: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015290:Second Messenger Systems
chemical_list: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases