title: Urinary calculi increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes: a nationwide study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using two large-scale nationwide population-based data sets, this study aimed to assess the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes between mothers with and without urinary calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 3694 women who had live singleton births and received a diagnosis of urinary calculi (UC) in the year prior to their delivery, as well as 18 470 matched women without UC, who were used as a comparison group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Low birthweight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, cesarean section, lower Apgar score and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with UC had a higher prevalence of low-birthweight neonates (7.4 vs. 6.0%, p = 0.003), preterm births (9.5 vs. 7.3%, p < 0.001) and cesarean sections (43.1 vs. 35.4%, p < 0.001) than women without UC. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, women with UC were more likely than women without UC to have low-birthweight neonates (odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.39), preterm birth (odds ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.43) and cesarean sections (odds ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.28-1.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were increased risks for having low-birthweight, preterm infants and for experiencing cesarean section among women with UC in comparison to women without UC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Banciao, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shiu-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Yi-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jospeh J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Ching-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Herng-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D001724:Birth Weight; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D016015:Logistic Models; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D047928:Premature Birth; D057216:Propensity Score; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology*