title: Lighting did not affect self-application of a stretch and wrap style tourniquet.
abstract: The objective was to determine the effects of darkness on self-application of a stretch and wrap style tourniquet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following training and practice, 15 volunteers self-applied the Stretch, Wrap, and Tuck-Tourniquet (SWAT-T) to their leg, thigh, dominant forearm, and dominate arm. Proper application in lighted conditions was followed by the same applications in darkness. Proper stretch was determined by alteration of shapes printed on the tourniquet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High rates of proper application and successful arterial occlusion (60 second Doppler signal elimination) occurred in darkness just as in lighted conditions (darkness: 56 proper and 60 successful of 60 applications, lighted: 57 proper and 53 successful of 60 applications). Lighting did not affect ease of application or discomfort. Males (8) and females (7) were similarly successful. Lower limb applications were predominantly rated easy (51 of 60). Upper limb applications had fewer easy ratings (15 easy, 32 challenging, 13 difficult ratings). Arterial occlusion took < 60 seconds in 112 of 113 successful applications; completion took < 60 seconds in 88 of all 120 applications. Upper limb applications took longer for completion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SWAT-T stretch and wrap style tourniquet can be self-applied properly even in darkness. When properly applied, it can stop limb arterial flow.
authors.forename: Piper L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Welander
authors.forename: Sheryl M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sahr
authors.forename: Charisse M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Buising
mesh_terms: D005121:Extremities; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting; D013848:Thigh; D014111:Tourniquets; D014838:Volunteers