title: Urethral 'cripples':  two-staged procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current literature on staged procedures in patients with previous urethral interventions ('urethral cripples').
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five studies published during the past 18 months could be identified, the majority with short-term follow-up and small patient numbers. Four studies investigated the outcome after redo surgery in hypospadias patients, one study after urethral stricture disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The few data published suggest acceptable complication rate and success rate for surgical outcome. Long-term and prospective data with special respect to sexual function, patient satisfaction, and quality of life are still lacking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. s.riechardt@uke.de
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riechardt
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dahlem
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisch
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012086:Reoperation; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000009:adverse effects*