title: Long-term immunogenicity of two doses of 2009 A/H1N1v vaccine with and without AS03(A) adjuvant in HIV-1-infected adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In immunocompromised patients, alternative schedules more immunogenic than the standard influenza vaccine regimen are necessary to enhance and prolong vaccine efficacy. We previously reported that the AS03A-adjuvanted 2009 A/H1N1v vaccine yielded a higher short-term immune response than the nonadjuvanted one in HIV-1-infected adults. This study reports the long-term persistence of the immune response.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, multicenter, randomized, patient-blinded trial, two doses of AS03A-adjuvanted H1N1v vaccine containing 3.75 μg haemagglutinin (n = 155; group A) or nonadjuvanted H1N1v vaccine containing 15 μg haemagglutinin (n = 151; group B), were administered 21 days apart. Haemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibodies were assessed 6 and 12 months after vaccination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A and B, the seroprotection rates were 83.7 and 59.4% at month 6, and 70.4 and 49.3 at month 12, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, persistence of seroprotection 12 months after vaccination was negatively associated with current smoking (odds ratio = 0.6, P = 0.03) and positively related with the AS03A-adjuvanted H1N1v vaccine (odds ratio = 2.7, P = 0.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In HIV-1-infected adults, two doses of adjuvanted influenza vaccine induce long-term persistence of immune response up to 1 year after vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, SC10, Villejuif, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, CIC de Vaccinologie Cochin-Pasteur, Inserm, CIC BT505, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Durier
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desaint
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lucht
authors.forename: Pierre-Marie
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lévy
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Michelet
authors.forename: Agathe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rami
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Delfraissy
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Aboulker
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Launay
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D011136:Polysorbates; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013185:Squalene / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006388:Hemagglutinins; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D011136:Polysorbates; D013185:Squalene; C550253:AS03 adjuvant; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol