title: Motorcycle-related spinal injury: crash characteristics.
abstract: This study presents an analysis of crash characteristics of motorcyclists who sustained spinal injuries in motorcycle crashes. The aim of the study is to identify the salient crash characteristics that would help explain spinal injury risks for motorcyclists. Data were retrospectively collected from police case reports that were archived at MIROS from year 2005 to 2007. The data were categorized into two subcategories; the first group was motorcycle crashes with spinal injury (case) and the second group was motorcycle crashes without spinal injury (control). A total of 363 motorcyclists with spinal injury and 873 motorcyclists without spinal injury were identified and analyzed. Descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis were performed in order to determine the odds of each characteristic in contributing to spinal injury. Single vehicle crash, collision with fixed objects and crash configuration were found to have significant influence on motorcyclists in sustaining spinal injury (p<0.05). Although relatively few than other impact configurations, the rear-end impacted motorcyclist shows the highest risk of spinal injury. Helmets have helped to reduce head injury but they did not seem to offer corresponding protection for the spine in the study. With a growing number of young motorcyclists, further efforts are needed to find effective measures to help reduce the crash incidents and severity of spinal injury. In sum, the study provides some insights on some vital crash characteristics associated with spinal injury that can be further investigated to determine the appropriate counter-measures and prevention strategies to reduce spinal injury.
authors.affiliation: Malaysia Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), Vehicle Safety and Biomechanics Centre, Lot 125-135, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. zarirhafiz@miros.gov.my
authors.forename: Zarir Hafiz
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zulkipli
authors.forename: Abdul Manap
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abdul Rahmat
authors.forename: Siti Atiqah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mohd Faudzi
authors.forename: Noor Faradila
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Paiman
authors.forename: Shaw Voon
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Ahamedali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult