title: Preparation for pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction using a patient-specific laparoscopic simulator: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Training systems for laparoscopic surgery are useful for basic training but are not suitable for specific training corresponding to the condition of a given patient. We, therefore, have developed an unusual training system: a patient-specific simulator for laparoscopic surgery. When specific data of each individual patient are entered, this system helps surgeons perform a "rehearsal" operation. We applied this technique in laparoscopic surgery by using volume data obtained by multislice computed tomography imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 39-year-old Japanese woman consulted a doctor because of back pain and underwent pyeloplasty after an examination revealed a ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Computed tomography data showed that the network of arteries and veins was very complicated. Therefore, we decided to use our simulator before performing surgery. Simulation was helpful because we could obtain information about the complicated vessel network and "rehearse" the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our simulator allows surgeons to perform a sham operation with different perspectives and tactile sensations and has received favorable reviews from users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Kanagawa, Japan. hymnk@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makiyama
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatenuma
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota