title: Synthesis of novel haptens against ciprofloxacin and production of generic monoclonal antibodies for immunoscreening of fluoroquinolones in meat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The residues of fluoroquinolone drugs in foods of animal origin are dangerous to the consumers. The objective of this study was to produce a generic monoclonal antibody for determination of fluoroquinolone residues in meat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two novel haptens of ciprofloxacin containing a free amidogen group on the piperazinyl ring were synthesised that were used to produce the monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies obtained simultaneously recognised 12 fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, sarafloxacin, diflocaxin, danofloxacin, ofloxacin, marbofloxacin, pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, amifloxacin and enofloxacin). After evaluation of different coating antigen-antibody combinations, a heterologous competitive indirect ELISA was used to determine the 12 drugs. The cross-reactivities were in the range of 23-120% and the limits of detection were in the range of 1.0-4.5 ng mL(-1). Eight fluoroquinolone drugs licensed as veterinary drugs in China were fortified into blank chicken for analysis. The recoveries were in the range of 61.5-82.5% with coefficients of variation in the range of 7.5-15.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method could be used as a rapid screening tool for routine monitoring the residues of these fluoroquinolone drugs in animal-derived foods.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Yan Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guo X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hui C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002645:Chickens; D002681:China; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000276:immunology*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004032:Diet; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006241:Haptens / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006241:Haptens; D019155:Veterinary Drugs; D002939:Ciprofloxacin