title: Integration of shot-gun proteomics and bioinformatics analysis to explore plant hormone responses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT)-based shot-gun proteomics has been proven to be an effective platform for functional proteomics. In particular, the various sample preparation methods and bioinformatics tools can be integrated to improve the proteomics platform for applications like target organelle proteomics. We have recently integrated a rapid sample preparation method and bioinformatics classification system for comparative analysis of plant responses to two plant hormones, zeatin and brassinosteroid (BR). These hormones belong to two distinct classes of plant growth regulators, yet both can promote cell elongation and growth. An understanding of the differences and the cross-talk between the two types of hormone responses will allow us to better understand the molecular mechanisms and to identify new candidate genes for plant engineering.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared to traditional organelle proteomics, the organelle-enrichment method both simplifies the sample preparation and increases the number of proteins identified in the targeted organelle as well as the entire sample. Both zeatin and BR induce dramatic changes in signaling and metabolism. Their shared-regulated protein components indicate that both hormones may down-regulate some key components in auxin responses. However, they have shown distinct induction and suppression of metabolic pathways in mitochondria and chloroplast. For zeatin, the metabolic pathways in sucrose and starch biosynthesis and utilization were significantly changed, yet the lipid biosynthesis remained unchanged. For BR, lipid biosynthesis and β-oxidation were both down-regulated, yet the changes in sucrose and starch metabolism were minor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a rapid sample preparation method and bioinformatics classification for effective proteomics analysis of plant hormone responses. The study highlighted the largely differing response to zeatin and brassinosteroid by the metabolic pathways in chloroplast and mitochondria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Yixiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sanmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Susie Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D060406:Brassinosteroids / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000502:physiology; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D015026:Zeatin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D060406:Brassinosteroids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D015026:Zeatin