title: Regular aerobic exercise protects against impaired fasting plasma glucose-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction with aging.
abstract: In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that age-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction is exacerbated by IFG (impaired fasting plasma glucose) and that regular aerobic exercise prevents this effect. Data were analysed from a cohort of 131 non-smoking men and women without overt clinical disease. Compared with young adult controls (age=24±1 years, n=29; values are means±S.E.M.), brachial artery FMD (flow-mediated dilation), a measure of conduit artery EDD (endothelium-dependent dilation), was 33% lower [7.93±0.33 against 5.27±0.37%Δ (% change), P<0.05] in MA/O (middle-aged/older) adults with NFG (normal fasting plasma glucose) (≤99 mg/dl, 62±1 years, n=35). In MA/O adults with IFG (100-125 mg/dl, 64±1 years, n=28), FMD was 30% lower (3.37±0.35%Δ) than in their peers with NFG and 58% lower than young controls (P<0.05). Brachial artery FMD was greater (6.38±0.35%Δ) in MA/O adults with NFG who regularly performed aerobic exercise (>45 min/day for ≥5 days/week, 62±1 years, n=23) compared with their non-exercising peers and only slightly less than young controls (P<0.05). Most importantly, FMD was completely preserved in MA/O adults with IFG who regularly performed aerobic exercise (6.99±0.69%Δ, 65±1 years, n=16). In the pooled sample, fasting plasma glucose was inversely related to FMD (r=-0.42, P<0.01) and was the strongest independent predictor of FMD (R(2)=0.32). Group differences in FMD were not affected by other subject characteristics or brachial artery properties, including brachial artery dilation to sublingual NTG (nitroglycerine, i.e. endothelium-independent dilation). IFG exacerbates age-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction and this adverse effect is completely prevented in MA/O adults who regularly perform aerobic exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. allison.devan@colorado.edu
authors.forename: Allison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: DeVan
authors.forename: Iratxe
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eskurza
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Ashley E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Kristen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jablonski
authors.forename: Rachelle E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kaplon
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Seals
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin