title: Multiphoton microscopy of cleared mouse brain expressing YFP.
abstract: Multiphoton microscopy of intrinsic fluorescence and second harmonic generation (SHG) of whole mouse organs is made possible by optically clearing the organ before imaging.(1,2) However, for organs that contain fluorescent proteins such as GFP and YFP, optical clearing protocols that use methanol dehydration and clear using benzyl alcohol:benzyl benzoate (BABB) while unprotected from light(3) do not preserve the fluorescent signal. The protocol presented here is a novel way in which to perform whole organ optical clearing on mouse brain while preserving the fluorescence signal of YFP expressed in neurons. Altering the optical clearing protocol such that the organ is dehydrated using an ethanol graded series has been found to reduce the damage to the fluorescent proteins and preserve their fluorescent signal for multiphoton imaging.(4) Using an optimized method of optical clearing with ethanol-based dehydration and clearing by BABB while shielded from light, we show high-resolution multiphoton images of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) expression in the neurons of a mouse brain more than 2 mm beneath the tissue surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Sonia G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: Sam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Vesuna
authors.forename: Teresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Levene
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D019905:Benzyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods*; D019579:Neocortex / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009474:Neurons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010477:Perfusion; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001565:Benzoates; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D000431:Ethanol; D019905:Benzyl Alcohol; C006723:benzyl benzoate