title: Sex differences in educational encouragement and academic achievement.
abstract: Sex differences in educational encouragement and their predictiveness of academic achievement were examined among 442 secondary school students (M age = 13.2 yr., SD = 1.9). Education-related encouragement received from mothers, fathers, friends, and teachers was assessed. Academic achievement was based on student self-reports and grades. Female adolescents reported receiving statistically significantly more educational encouragement from their mothers, fathers, friends, and teachers than did male adolescents. In regression, sex and educational encouragement from parents, friends, and teachers were found to be significant predictors of academic achievement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, 81310 Johor, Malaysia. draqeelkhan@gmail.com
authors.forename: Aqeel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011287:Prejudice; D012424:Rural Population; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D012951:Socialization; D014505:Urban Population