title: Correcting exaggerated marijuana use norms among college abstainers: a preliminary test of a preventive intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  College students have high rates of marijuana initiation and use, and they report exaggerated perceptions of peers' use. Computerized norm-correcting intervention programs have been developed, but minimal efficacy research has been conducted, especially with regard to preventing the onset of marijuana use. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Marijuana eCHECKUP TO GO (e-TOKE) for Universities & Colleges program in (a) correcting descriptive norms, (b) correcting injunctive norms, and (c) preventing initiation of marijuana use in a group of college-age abstainers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 245 college students (73% female) recruited from psychology courses for course credit who reported no marijuana use in the past month at baseline. Participants were randomized to receive the e-TOKE program or assessment only. All participants reported on marijuana use, descriptive norms, and injunctive norms 1 month later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants receiving the e-TOKE program estimated lower descriptive norms than the control group (p < .01), and fewer believed friends disapproved of their choice to abstain (p < .05). However, rates of use/initiation did not differ between the two conditions (p = .18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study provides preliminary evidence for the utility of the e-TOKE program in correcting abstainers' misperceptions about others' marijuana use as well as making them perceive less disapproval for their abstention. However, more research with longer follow-ups is necessary to determine if changes in norms affect initiation rates over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York. jcelliot@syr.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Kate B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Carey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D010379:Peer Group; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000379:methods*; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014495:Universities