Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a cardiovascular risk factor. Results of a case-control study (CONSISTE study).
BACKGROUND
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients present a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease. This excess of comorbidity could be related to a common pathogenic mechanism, but it could also be explained by the existence of common risk factors. The objective of this study was to determine whether COPD patients present greater cardiovascular comorbidity than control subjects and whether COPD can be considered a risk factor per se.


METHODS
1200 COPD patients and 300 control subjects were recruited for this multicenter, cross-sectional, case-control study.


RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the COPD group showed a significantly higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease (12.5% versus 4.7%; P < 0.0001), cerebrovascular disease (10% versus 2%; P < 0.0001), and peripheral vascular disease (16.4% versus 4.1%; P < 0.001). In the univariate risk analysis, COPD, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia were risk factors for ischemic heart disease. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for the remaining factors, COPD was still an independent risk factor (odds ratio: 2.23; 95% confidence interval: 1.18-4.24; P = 0.014).


CONCLUSIONS
COPD patients show a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, higher than expected given their age and the coexistence of classic cardiovascular risk factors.
Servicio de Neumologia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain. pilar.delucas@gmail.com
Pilar
P
de Lucas-Ramos
Jose Luis
JL
Izquierdo-Alonso
Jose Miguel
JM
Rodriguez-Gonzalez Moro
Jesus Fernandez
JF
Frances
Paz Vaquero
PV
Lozano
Jose M
JM
Bellón-Cano
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology