Aberrant function and differentiation of monocytes in end stage renal disease.
Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) suffer from many disturbances of the immune system. These immunopathologies are related to the higher failure of vaccination, and increased prevalence of infections and neoplasms. In the presented article, we review the current data regarding the role of monocytes in immune dysfunctions which are observed in terminal renal failure. As monocytes play a pivotal role in regulating the function of the immune system, their dysfunction can have a profound effect on the immune system and may lead to accelerated arteriosclerosis and deteriorating overall health conditions. More specifically, we suggest that peripheral blood monocytes in patients with ESRD are chronically activated, and their functional and phenotypical features resemble those of inflammatory macrophages. This state of chronic inflammation is unfavorable for dendritic cells and consequently, the prevalence of dendritic cells is reduced. As these effects are consistent across different modes of dialysis, they are probably mediated by the uremia itself.
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Dullas 6, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. klaudanski@gmail.com
Krzysztof
K
Laudański
Zbigniew
Z
Nowak
D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D006435:Renal Dialysis
D018836:Inflammation Mediators