Tonic arterial contraction mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels requires sustained Ca2+ influx, G protein-associated Ca2+ release, and RhoA/ROCK activation.
KCl-evoked sustained contraction requires L-type Ca(2+) channel activation, metabotropic Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (mechanism denoted calcium channel-induced Ca(2+) release) and RhoA/Rho associated kinase activation. Although high K(+) solutions are used to depolarize myocytes, these solutions can stimulate other signaling pathways such as those triggered by the activation of muscarinic and purinergic receptors. The present study examines the functional role of calcium channel-induced Ca(2+) release under pharmacological activation of L-type Ca(2+) channel without significant membrane depolarization. It also analyzes the role of the "steady-state" Ca(2+) influx through L-type Ca(2+) channels on myocyte sustained contraction. Measurement of contractility in arterial rings was done on a vessel myograph. Membrane potential was measured by fluorescence techniques loading intact myocytes with a membrane potential sensitive dye, and a reversible permeabilization method was used to load myocytes in intact arteries with GDPβS and Ca(v)1.2 siRNA. Application of an L-type Ca(2+) channel agonist, without effect on membrane potential, evoked sustained contraction via G-protein induced Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and RhoA/Rho associated kinase activation. Tonic myocyte contractions mediated by L-type Ca(2+) channel activation required sustained Ca(2+) influx through the channels and Ca(2+) uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Because L-type Ca(2+) channels participate in numerous pathophysiological processes mediated by maintained arterial contraction, our data could help to optimize therapeutic treatment of arterial vasospasm.
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla and Dpto. Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
Miguel
M
Fernández-Tenorio
Cristina
C
Porras-González
Antonio
A
Castellano
José
J
López-Barneo
Juan
J
Ureña
D000818:Animals; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009213:Myography; D034622:RNA Interference; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology; D013997:Time Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C419385:L-type calcium channel alpha(1C); D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein