P2Y12 receptor: platelet thrombus formation and medical interventions.
Platelets express a wide range of receptors and proteins that play essential roles in thrombus formation. Among these, the P2Y(12) receptor, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, has attracted a significant amount of attention. Stimulation of the P2Y(12) receptor by ADP results in activation of various signaling pathways involved in amplification of platelet activation and aggregation. There have been extensive attempts to design an ideal antithrombotic agent to block P2Y(12), which shows selective expression, as an intervention for cardiovascular disease. Current inhibitors of the P2Y(12) receptor include indirect inhibitor members of the thienopyridine family (ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and prasugrel), and direct P2Y(12) inhibitors (ticagrelor, cangrelor and elinogrel). Of these, clopidogrel is the most commonly prescribed P2Y(12) blocker; however, this product does not fulfill the ideal therapeutic requirements. The main limitations of clopidogrel administration include slow onset, prevention of recovery of platelet functions, and interindividual variability. Hence, advanced studies have been carried out to achieve more efficient and safer P2Y(12) blockade. In this review, we provide a brief but comprehensive report on P2Y(12), its role on platelet thrombus formation, and the targeting of this receptor as an intervention for cardiovascular disease, for the benefit of basic science and clinical researchers.
Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia. fatemeh.moheimani@rmit.edu.au
Fatemeh
F
Moheimani
Denise E
DE
Jackson
D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate