Thromboembolic complications in nephrotic syndrome: imaging spectrum.
Thromboembolism is a well-known complication of nephrotic syndrome. Pulmonary embolism, renal vein thrombosis, and deep vein thrombosis are the most common venous thromboembolic diseases in patients with nephrotic syndrome, while arterial thromboembolic complications are observed less frequently. Imaging plays an important role in the detection and follow-up of thromboembolism in these patients. The purpose of this essay is to describe the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, the imaging diagnosis, and treatment of thromboembolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu,  China.
Gui Fen
GF
Yang
U Joseph
UJ
Schoepf
Hong
H
Zhu
Guang Ming
GM
Lu
J Cranston
JC
Gray
Long Jiang
LJ
Zhang
D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology