Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for atrazine monitoring in water samples.
The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) requires the establishment of monitoring programs. However, conventional procedures for sample preparation prior to chromatographic analysis are rather expensive and time consuming, being the development of cost-effective and easy tool a necessity. The aim of this work was to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) able to determine atrazine in water samples. Matrix effects evaluation showed that the increase of humic acid (HA) concentration leads to flattened calibration curves and to the loss of the sigmoidal shape. However, such interference was overcome, by the presence of an environmental sample buffer, incubated together with the samples. Recoveries from 88.5 to 119.2 % were obtained in the presence of HA concentrations up to 20 mg L(-1). An analytical range from 0.003 to 1 μg L(-1) was obtained, and atrazine was detected in a sewage treatment plant with concentrations ranging from 14 to 52 ng L(-1).
CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Diana L D
DL
Lima
Rudolf J
RJ
Schneider
Valdemar I
VI
Esteves
D001280:Atrazine / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis; D011174:Portugal; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D001280:Atrazine; D006540:Herbicides; D006812:Humic Substances; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical