Viral and molecular aspects of oral cancer.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common epithelial malignancy in the oral cavity. SCCs and their variants constitute over 90% of oral malignancies, and the disease is associated with poor prognosis. OSCC is a complex malignancy where environmental factors, virus infections, and genetic alterations most likely interact, and thus give rise to the malignant condition. Herein, we review the available literature regarding high-risk factors such as alcohol and tobacco usage; discuss the roles of human papillomaviruses (HPV), the Epstein-Barr virus, and the human herpes simplex virus (HSV); and evaluate several candidate genes associated with the condition: p53, p16(INK4) and p21(WAF1/CIPI), survivin, B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), keratins, Fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3), FGF4, FGF19, Oral cancer overexpressed gene 1 (ORAOV1), and Cyclin D1 (CCND1).
Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Nicolette Salmon
NS
Hillbertz
Jan-Michaél
JM
Hirsch
Jamshid
J
Jalouli
Miranda M
MM
Jalouli
Lars
L
Sand
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D009857:Oncogenes; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D051381:Rats; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D062789:Tobacco Products
D015513:Oncogene Proteins