The effects of a 1.8 GHz continuous electromagnetic fields on mucociliary transport of human nasal mucosa.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 1.8 GHz continuous electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human nasal mucociliary transport, and to determine the pathophysiology of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) during an EMF-induced change.


METHODS
Human nasal mucosa cells were exposed to a 1.8 GHz EMF (SAR=1.0 W/kg), and CBF was analyzed using an optical flow technique with the peak detection method.


RESULTS
The 1.8 GHz-exposed group showed a decreased CBF when compared to the control group. In the cytotoxicity assay, difference in survival rates was not found between the two groups. In the EMF-exposed group, protein kinase C (PKC) activity was increased during a PKC activity assay. The broad PKC inhibitor, Calphostin C abolished the EMF-induced decrease of CBF. The EMF-induced decrease of CBF was abolished by GF 109203X, a novel PKC (nPKC) isoform inhibitor, whereas the decrease was not attenuated by Gö-6976, a specific inhibitor of conventional PKC (cPKC) isoform.


CONCLUSIONS
EMF may inhibit CBF via an nPKC-dependent mechanism. Therefore, we have confirmed that EMF could decrease CBF by increasing PKC activity.
Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Seung Min
SM
In
Hyun Jun
HJ
Kim
Rae Woong
RW
Park
Woojae
W
Kim
Yoon-Myoung
YM
Gimm
Ikmo
I
Park
Sungpyo
S
Hong
Jeong Joo
JJ
Hong
Jeong Hyun
JH
Oh
Hison
H
Kahng
Eun Young
EY
Park
D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
D002227:Carbazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; D009281:Naphthalenes; C081021:Go 6976; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C058819:calphostin C; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I