Antihypernociceptive activity of anethole in experimental inflammatory pain.
Anethole has been reported to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, and anesthetic properties. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of anethole in two pain models of inflammatory origin: acute inflammation induced by carrageenan and persistent inflammation induced by Complete Freund's adjuvant. We evaluated the effects of anethole (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) on the development of paw oedema and mechanical hypernociception. The liver was collected for histological analysis. Paw skin was collected to determine the levels of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and myeloperoxidase activity. Blood was collected to assess alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The chemical composition of star anise oil was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), showing a presence of anethole of 98.1%. Oral pretreatment with anethole in mice inhibited paw oedema, mechanical pernociception, myelopewroxidase activity, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17 levels in acute and persistent inflammation models. Additionally, anethole treatment did not alter prostaglandin E2-induced mechanical hypernociception. Possible side effects were also examined. Seven-day anethole treatment did not alter plasma AST and ALT levels, and the histological profile of liver tissue was normal. The present study provides evidence of the antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of anethole in acute and persistent inflammation models.
Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
Alessandra M V
AM
Ritter
Talita P
TP
Domiciano
Waldiceu A
WA
Verri
Ana Carla
AC
Zarpelon
Lorena G
LG
da Silva
Carmem P
CP
Barbosa
Maria Raquel M
MR
Natali
Roberto K N
RK
Cuman
Ciomar A
CA
Bersani-Amado
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000840:Anisoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D029523:Illicium / Q000737:chemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000700:Analgesics; D000840:Anisoles; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009195:Peroxidase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; C006578:anethole