Hypoglycaemic activity of Commelina africana and Ageratum conyzoides in relation to their mineral composition.
BACKGROUND
Many plants with antidiabetic properties probably act in part through their content of fibre, vitamins, bioactive or mineral content


OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the mineral, proximate, phytochemical compositions and hypoglycaemic effect of Commelina africana and Ageratum conyzoides extracts in diabetic rats, and the likely relationship between this property and the mineral, proximate and phytochemical compositions of the plants.


METHODS
The plants were subjected to mineral, proximate composition and phytochemical analysis. Attempt was made to see (if any) the relationship between the hypoglycaemic effect and the mineral, proximate compositions and phytochemistry of the plants. Alloxan-induced diabetic animals were administered 500 mg/kg body weight aqueous extracts of the plants and glibenclamide as the reference hypoglycaemic agent.


RESULTS
Aqueous extract of Ageratum conyzoides reduced fasting blood glucose of experimental animals by 39.1% while Commelina africana reduced the same by 78.0%. Alkaloids, cardenolides, saponins, and tannins were detected in both plants. Anthraquinones was absent in C. africana but a trace of it was detected in A. conyzoides. The hypoglycaemic effect of Commelina africana was comparable with the reference hypoglycaemic agent. Ageratum conyzoides showed comparably weaker hypoglycaemic effect than exhibited by reference hypoglycaemic agent. Comparatively, Commelina africana had higher mineral concentrations (except Na) than Ageratum conyzoides.


CONCLUSIONS
Plants' extracts minerals (magnesium, potassium and iron) and bioactive components (alkaloids and cardenolides) seemingly enhanced their hypoglycaemic effect. Furthermore, these minerals, alkaloids and cardenolides could be helpful in ameliorating complications of diabetes like hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Department of Biochemistry, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Agunbiade
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Ojezele
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Ojezele
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Ajayi
D031163:Ageratum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D034822:Commelina / Q000737:chemistry*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D014867:Water
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014867:Water; D005905:Glyburide