Isokinetic testing in patients with neuromuscular diseases: a focused review.
OBJECTIVE
This literature review aimed to study the use of isokinetic testing in patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) and to identify directions for future research of isokinetic testing.


METHODS
The MEDLINE (January 1, 1965, to July 1, 2010), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (1980 to May 2010), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2009) electronic databases were searched. The literature search was conducted using the keywords muscle assessment, muscle strength, evaluation, isokinetic, neuromuscular diseases, muscle fatigue, functional test, rehabilitation, and literature search. Relevant references cited in the selected articles were also considered, regardless of the year of publication.


RESULTS
The search strategy yielded 13 articles involving a variety of patients with known NMDs. All studies demonstrated that isokinetic dynamometry is appropriate and safe for ambulatory patients with NMDs. Isokinetic testing has proven to be reliable (intratest/intertest correlation coefficient ranged from 0.65 to 0.98), with the proximal muscles having the highest reliability, and sensitive to disease progression and to the effects of various therapeutic interventions. However, isokinetic testing has never gained wide acceptance, partly because of concerns about stabilizing the dynamometer and the subject during the test and of the lack of standardized protocols for isokinetic strength measurement.


CONCLUSIONS
Isokinetic testing is an important part of the comprehensive evaluation and rehabilitation of patients with NMD. Research has demonstrated its efficacy in providing clinically relevant information. When integrated with a complete history, physical examination, and functional evaluation, isokinetic testing and exercise can be a valuable tool for the clinician in the assessment, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement of patients with NMD. Such equipment, however, has several disadvantages, rendering it usually impractical in the clinical setting.
Exercise Physiology Laboratory EA 4338, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.
Lhassan
L
El Mhandi
François
F
Bethoux
D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019415:Torque