Anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of propofol, medetomidine, lidocaine and butorphanol total intravenous anesthesia in horses.
Anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine, lidocaine, butorphanol and propofol total intravenous anesthesia (MLBP-TIVA) were evaluated in horses undergoing an experimental surgery. Ten horses were premedicated with an intravenous injection (IV) of medetomidine (5 µg/kg) and butorphanol (20 µg/kg). Anesthesia was induced by administration of 1% propofol (3 mg/kg, IV) at a rate of 1 mg/kg/min (n=5, group-1) or 2% propofol administered at a rate of 6 mg/kg/min (n=5, group-2) following administration of lidocaine (1 mg/kg, IV) and then maintained by infusions of propofol, medetomidine (3.5 µg/kg/hr), lidocaine (3 mg/kg/hr) and butorphanol (24 µg/kg/hr). The mean durations of anesthesia and propofol infusion rate required for maintaining surgical anesthesia were 130 ± 17 min and 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/kg/min in group 1 and 129 ± 14 min and 0.10 ± 0.02 mg/kg/min in group 2. Four horses in group 1 and 2 horses in group 2 paddled following recumbency during induction of anesthesia. The median quality scores for induction (0-4: poor-excellent) and recovery (0-5: unable to stand-excellent) were 3 and 4 for both groups, respectively. Transition to anesthesia (the first 20-min period after induction) was uneventful in group 2, while all horses showed a light plane of anesthesia in group 1. The quality score (0-3: poor-excellent) for the transition to anesthesia in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1 (median 3 versus 1, P=0.009). Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were maintained within acceptable ranges, but hypercapnia occurred during anesthesia in both groups. In conclusion, MLBP-TIVA may provide clinically useful surgical anesthesia in horses. A rapid induction with propofol may improve the qualities of induction and transition to MLBP-TIVA.
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
Tomohito
T
Ishizuka
Takaharu
T
Itami
Jun
J
Tamura
Yasuo
Y
Saitoh
Motoaki
M
Saitoh
Mohammed A
MA
Umar
Kenjirou
K
Miyoshi
Kazuto
K
Yamashita
William W
WW
Muir
D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008012:Lidocaine; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D015742:Propofol