A divergent variant of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 is present in California.
BACKGROUND
Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses are a problem for grape production globally. Symptoms are caused by a number of distinct viral species. During a survey of Napa Valley vineyards (California, USA), we found evidence of a new variant of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). We isolated its genome from a symptomatic greenhouse-raised plant and fully sequenced it.


RESULTS
In a maximum likelihood analysis of representative GLRaV-3 gene sequences, the isolate grouped most closely with a recently sequenced variant from South Africa and a partial sequence from New Zealand. These highly divergent GLRaV-3 variants have predicted proteins that are more than 10% divergent from other GLRaV-3 variants, and appear to be missing an open reading frame for the p6 protein.


CONCLUSIONS
This divergent GLRaV-3 phylogroup is already present in grape-growing regions worldwide and is capable of causing symptoms of leafroll disease without the p6 protein.
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Yeemey
Y
Seah
Abhineet M
AM
Sharma
Siming
S
Zhang
Rodrigo Pp
RP
Almeida
Siobain
S
Duffy
D002140:California; D029381:Closteroviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D027843:Vitis / Q000821:virology
D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins