A study of proteotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by the pesticide and fungicide on marine invertebrate (Donax faba).
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and carbendazim (CBZ) are widely used pesticide and fungicide in India. The 96 h LC(50) values of chlorpyrifos and carbendazim for the marine invertebrate Donax faba, were 247.72 μg L(-1) and 200.82 μg L(-1) respectively. CBZ was found to accumulate less than CPF. Gill, body and foot tissues were used as target organs in biomarker and genotoxic studies. The results showed that treatment with chlorpyrifos and carbendazim increased the MDA levels, decreased the GSH levels and changed the total protein, SOD, CAT, GPx and AChE activities in all the tissues compared to those of the control (p<0.05). These results suggest that lipid peroxidation can be a possible pathway for the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and carbendazim. The antioxidant enzyme levels decrease as a result of the consumption of enzymes to neutralize free radicals generated by CPF and CBZ. Comet tail was observed in the first three doses, in all the tissues, of which the mean tail length differed significantly (p<0.01) from those of the unexposed ones. D. faba can be used as an indicator organism to assess the genotoxic risks of chemical contamination in the marine environment using comet assay. Theses biomarkers can be used further to know these agrochemicals impact on coastal marine bivalves.
Department of Marine and Coastal Studies, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamilnadu, India. microjanu@yahoo.co.in
V
V
JanakiDevi
N
N
Nagarani
M
M
YokeshBabu
A K
AK
Kumaraguru
C M
CM
Ramakritinan
D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002219:Carbamates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010575:Pesticides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D005978:Glutathione; C006698:carbendazim; D004390:Chlorpyrifos