Photochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin in UV and UV/H₂O₂ process: kinetics, parameters, and products.
Photochemical degradation of fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water by UV and UV/H₂O₂ were investigated. The degradation rate of CIP was affected by pH, H₂O₂ dosage, as well as the presence of other inorganic components. The optimized pH value and H₂O₂ concentration were 7.0 and 5 mM. Carbonate and nitrate both impeded CIP degradation. According to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, four and 16 products were identified in UV and UV/H₂O₂ system, respectively. Proposed degradation pathways suggest that reactions including the piperazinyl substituent, quinolone moiety, and cyclopropyl group lead to the photochemical degradation of CIP. Toxicity of products assessed by Vibrio qinghaiensis demonstrated that UV/H₂O₂ process was more capable on controlling the toxicity of intermediates in CIP degradation than UV process.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Hong-Guang
HG
Guo
Nai-Yun
NY
Gao
Wen-Hai
WH
Chu
Lei
L
Li
Yong-Ji
YJ
Zhang
Jin-Shan
JS
Gu
Yu-Liang
YL
Gu
D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010782:Photolysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014733:Vibrio / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
D000838:Anions; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide