Analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum promoters and their applications.
Promoters are DNA sequences which function as regulatory signals of transcription initiation catalyzed by RNA polymerase. Since promoters substantially influence levels of gene expression, they have become powerful tools in metabolic engineering. Methods for their localization used in Corynebacterium glutamicum and techniques for the analysis of their function are described in this review. C. glutamicum promoters can be classified according to the respective σ factors which direct RNA polymerase to these structures. C. glutamicum promoters are recognized by holo-RNA polymerase formed by subunits α(2)ββ'ω + σ. C. glutamicum codes for seven different sigma factors: the principal sigma factor σ(A) and alternative sigma factors σ(B), σ(C), σ(D), σ(E), σ(H) and σ(M), which recognize various classes of promoters. The promoters of housekeeping genes recognized by σ(A), which are active during the exponential growth, form the largest described group. These promoters and their mutant derivatives are the most frequently used elements in modulation of gene expression in C. glutamicum. Promoters recognized by alternative sigma factors and their consensus sequences are gradually emerging.
Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
Jan
J
Nešvera
Jiří
J
Holátko
Miroslav
M
Pátek
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D048230:Corynebacterium glutamicum / Q000235:genetics*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D060847:Metabolic Engineering; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012808:Sigma Factor