Minireview: the year in review of estrogen regulation of metabolism.
Gonadal steroids are critical regulators of physiology, yet we approach physiology and science with the simplest perspective/model, the male one. Female models of whole animal physiology are complex to study and, therefore, are often not used in research. Estrogens are one of the sex hormones that we know are important for both men and women. Estrogens regulate key features of metabolism such as food intake, body weight, glucose homeostasis/insulin sensitivity, body fat distribution, lipolysis/lipogenesis, inflammation, locomotor activity, energy expenditure, reproduction, and cognition. Furthermore, estrogens have multiple sites of action including some unexpected ones, which was demonstrated elegantly through a series of papers this year.
University of Texas Southwestern, Touchstone Diabetes Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. deborah.clegg@utsouthwestern.edu
Deborah J
DJ
Clegg
D000818:Animals; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D001835:Body Weight; D004435:Eating; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice
D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D005947:Glucose