Calculating the risk benefit equation for aggressive treatment of non-convulsive status epilepticus.
OBJECTIVE
To address the question: does non-convulsive status epilepticus warrant the same aggressive treatment as convulsive status epilepticus?


METHODS
We used a decision model to evaluate the risks and benefits of treating non-convulsive status epilepticus with intravenous anesthetics and ICU-level aggressive care. We investigated how the decision to use aggressive versus non-aggressive management for non-convulsive status epilepticus impacts expected patient outcome for four etiologies: absence epilepsy, discontinued antiepileptic drugs, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Each etiology was defined by distinct values for five key parameters: baseline mortality rate of the inciting etiology; efficacy of non-aggressive treatment in gaining control of seizures; the relative contribution of seizures to overall mortality; the degree of excess disability expected in the case of delayed seizure control; and the mortality risk of aggressive treatment.


RESULTS
Non-aggressive treatment was favored for etiologies with low morbidity and mortality such as absence epilepsy and discontinued antiepileptic drugs. The risk of aggressive treatment was only warranted in etiologies where there was significant risk of seizure-induced neurologic damage. In the case of post-anoxic status epilepticus, expected outcomes were poor regardless of the treatment chosen. The favored strategy in each case was determined by strong interactions of all five model parameters.


CONCLUSIONS
Determination of the optimal management approach to non-convulsive status epilepticus is complex and is ultimately determined by the inciting etiology.
Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. gferguson1212@gmail.com
Matthew
M
Ferguson
Matt T
MT
Bianchi
Raoul
R
Sutter
Eric S
ES
Rosenthal
Sydney S
SS
Cash
Peter W
PW
Kaplan
M Brandon
MB
Westover
D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D019468:Disease Management; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*