Using incentives in surveys of cancer patients: do "best practices" apply?
OBJECTIVE
Surveys of cancer patients are an important means of collecting data necessary to improve cancer prevention and control. However, health surveys generally are characterized by declining response rates, with incentives often employed to encourage participation. While successful, magnitude of effect is partially dependent upon situational characteristics of respondents, including health status. Given the health challenges experienced by cancer patients, it is unclear to what extent incentives can improve survey participation. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of monetary and non-monetary incentives in improving response to cancer patient surveys.


METHODS
We reviewed the available experimental literature regarding efforts to improve response rates among cancer patients/survivors via incentives. Relevant studies were identified through searches of the MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsychINFO databases from 1975 to 2012. Seed sources (e.g., Cancer Causes & Control, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, and BMC Medical Research Methodology) were also referenced extensively in order to establish a comprehensive set of studies.


RESULTS
Although limited, evidence does suggest that token incentives may be less effective for improving survey participation among cancer patients, relative to other population groups. These results are contrary to well-established evidence regarding the efficacy of incentives in improving survey participation generally. Potential reasons why incentives may be less effective in this population are explored.


CONCLUSIONS
While more research is necessary, results suggest that survey research strategies targeting cancer patients be purposively designed in a manner that gives consideration to the distress associated with the condition, including selection of alternative strategies to improve response.
College of Public Health, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA. jvangees@kent.edu
Jonathan B
JB
Vangeest
Timothy P
TP
Johnson
D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D012107:Research Design