OxymiRs in cutaneous development, wound repair and regeneration.
The state of tissue oxygenation is widely recognized as a major microenvironmental cue that is known to regulate the expression of coding genes. Recent works have extended that knowledge to demonstrate that the state of tissue oxygenation may potently regulate the expression of microRNAs (miRs). Collectively, such miRs that are implicated in defining biological outcomes in response to a change in the state of tissue oxygenation may be referred to as oxymiRs. Broadly, oxymiRs may be categorized into three groups: (A) the existence (expression and/or turnover) of which is directly influenced by changes in the state of tissue oxygenation; (B) the existence of which is indirectly (e.g. oxygen-sensitive proteins, metabolites, pH, etc.) influenced by changes in the state of tissue oxygenation; and (C) those that modify biological outcomes to changes in the state of tissue oxygenation by targeting oxygen sensing pathways. This work represents the first review of how oxymiRs may regulate development, repair and regeneration. Currently known oxymiRs may affect the functioning of a large number of coding genes which have hitherto fore never been linked to oxygen sensing. Many of such target genes have been validated and that number is steadily growing. Taken together, our understanding of oxymiRs has vastly expanded the implications of changes in the state of tissue oxygenation. This emerging paradigm has major implications in untangling the complexities underlying diseases associated with ischemia and related hypoxic insult such as chronic wounds.
Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, Comprehensive Wound Center and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. chandan.sen@osumc.edu
Chandan K
CK
Sen
Sashwati
S
Roy
D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
C524940:MIRN21 microRNA, human; C543800:MIRN210 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D010100:Oxygen