Immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
The improved survival with sipuleucel-T, an autologous antigen-presenting cell-based agent, for the treatment of patients with metastatic asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic castration-resistant prostate cancer supports immunotherapy as a valid approach. Also, multiple novel immunotherapeutic approaches are undergoing vigorous investigation. T-lymphocyte checkpoint blockade and poxvirus-based prime-boost approaches are in phase III evaluation. Other immunotherapeutic platforms undergoing early investigation include radioimmunoconjugates and adenovirus-based, DNA-based, and Listeria-based approaches. The development of predictive markers for immune response that translate into improved long-term outcomes is important. This article reviews the emerging data and the unique strengths and weaknesses of these approaches.
Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Guru
G
Sonpavde
Philip W
PW
Kantoff
D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; C511774:sipuleucel-T; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C416374:PA2024 fusion protein, human