Genotoxicity evaluation of Mequindox in different short-term tests.
Quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides (QdNOs) are the potent heterocyclic N-oxides with interesting biological properties such as antibacterial, anticandida, antitubercular, anticancer and antiprotozoal activities. Here, we tested and compared the mequindox (MEQ) for mutagenic abilities in a battery of different short term tests according to OECD guidelines. When compared with the controls, a strong mutagenicity of MEQ and carbadox (CBX) was observed with an approximate concentration-effect relationship in Salmonella reverse mutation test, chromosome aberration test, unscheduled DNA synthesis assay and HGPRT gene mutation test, in the absence and presence of S(9)-mix. In in vivo micronucleus test, CBX produced significant increase in the proportion of micronucleus formation than MEQ in mice bone marrow cells. From these results, we can conclude that MEQ had a strong genotoxic potential to mammalian cells in vitro as well as in vivo and its mutagenicity is slightly higher than CBX. Our results, for the 1st time, discuss the genotoxic potential of MEQ. These results not only confirm the earlier findings about CBX but also extend the knowledge and awareness about the genotoxic risk of QdNO derivatives.
National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China. awais.dr@gmail.com
Awais
A
Ihsan
Xu
X
Wang
Hong-Gong
HG
Tu
Wei
W
Zhang
Meng-Hong
MH
Dai
De-Peng
DP
Peng
Yu-Lian
YL
Wang
Ling-Li
LL
Huang
Dong-Mei
DM
Chen
Shazia
S
Mannan
Yan-Fei
YF
Tao
Zhen-Li
ZL
Liu
Zong-Hui
ZH
Yuan
D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D002218:Carbadox / Q000633:toxicity; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D006224:Cricetinae; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000633:toxicity*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
C545385:Mequindox; D011810:Quinoxalines; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; D002218:Carbadox