Phylodynamics and dispersal of HRSV entails its permanence in the general population in between yearly outbreaks in children.
BACKGROUND
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is one of the major etiologic agents of respiratory tract infections among children worldwide.


RESULTS
Here through a comprehensive analysis of the two major HRSV groups A and B (n=1983) which comprise of several genotypes, we present a complex pattern of population dynamics of HRSV over a time period of 50 years (1956-2006). Circulation pattern of HRSV revealed a series of expansions and fluctuations of co-circulating lineages with a predominance of HRSVA. Positively selected amino acid substitutions of the G glycoprotein occurred upon population growth of GB3 with a 60-nucleotide insertion (GB3 Insert), while other genotypes acquired substitutions upon both population growth and decrease, thus possibly reflecting a role for immune selected epitopes in linkage to the traced substitution sites that may have important relevance for vaccine design. Analysis evidenced the co-circulation and predominance of distinct HRSV genotypes in Brazil and suggested a year-round presence of the virus. In Brazil, GA2 and GA5 were the main culprits of HRSV outbreaks until recently, when the GB3 Insert became highly prevalent. Using Bayesian methods, we determined the dispersal patterns of genotypes through several inferred migratory routes.


CONCLUSIONS
Genotypes spread across continents and between neighboring areas. Crucially, genotypes also remained at any given region for extended periods, independent of seasonal outbreaks possibly maintained by re-infecting the general population.
Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute-ICB-II, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Hagit
H
Katzov-Eckert
Viviane F
VF
Botosso
Eurico Arruda
EA
Neto
Paolo Marinho de Andrade
PM
Zanotto
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics