Serum small-dense LDL abnormalities in chronic renal disease patients.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Dyslipoproteinaemia is a common metabolic derangement in CKD and a traditional risk factor for CVD. This study investigates serum lipoprotein, especially small-dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL), abnormalities in CKD patients. A total of 131 CKD patients (age: 59 +/- 12 years, male = 64) diagnosed according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, 2004 (KDIGO) and 121 age- and gender-matched control subjects (age: 58 +/- 6 years, male = 62) were recruited from Hong Kong and Macau. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and direct LDL-C were assayed enzymatically. In addition, sd-LDL, together with very low density and intermediate-density lipoproteins (VLDL and IDL) were measured by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Compared to controls, CKD patients showed significantly decreased TC, LDL-C, normal-size LDL and HDL-C with increased TG, VLDL, IDL and sd-LDL (all P < 0.01). The increased sd-LDL and decreased normal-size LDL fractions resulted in a significantly elevated sd-LDL:LDL ratio in CKD (P < 0.005). In contrast to the low TC and LDL-C, sd-LDL and sd-LDL:LDL ratio were significantly elevated in CKD. Thus, sd-LDL will be used increasingly for CVD risk assessment in CKD and other diseases that show lipoprotein derangement.
Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
M
M
Chu
A Y M
AY
Wang
I H S
IH
Chan
S H
SH
Chui
C W K
CW
Lam
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008256:Macau / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL