The innate immune response to hepatitis B virus infection: implications for pathogenesis and therapy.
Pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated innate immune responses play an essential role in defending the host from viral infections. Intriguingly, hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been shown to induce negligible innate immune responses during the early phase of infection. Whether this is due to the failure of the virus to activate PRRs or suppression of PRR signaling pathways by the virus remains controversial. However, a plethora of evidence suggests that HBV is sensitive to PRR ligand-induced antiviral responses. This review summarizes current understanding of the interaction between HBV and PRR-mediated host innate immunity, antiviral mechanisms of PRR responses against HBV and strategies to combat chronic HBV infection via induction of host innate antiviral responses.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA.
Jinhong
J
Chang
Timothy M
TM
Block
Ju-Tao
JT
Guo
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007372:Interferons / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C099600:nucleocapsid protein, Hepatitis virus; D007372:Interferons