Tuberculosis in Kazakhstan: analysis of risk determinants in national surveillance data.
BACKGROUND
Development of tuberculosis (TB) is determined by various risk factors and the interactions of temporal and spatial distributions. The aim of this study was to identify the most salient risk factors for TB disease as well as multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) at the oblast (provincial) level in Kazakhstan.


METHODS
Correlational and descriptive analyses were conducted at the oblast and national level using data provided by the country's National Institute of Geography (NIG) and the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP). Reported incident case notification rates (CNRs) and prevalence vary by oblast, thus the study investigated which determinants contributed to this regional variation and compared burdens among oblasts.


RESULTS
The results showed that while tuberculosis CNRs decreased over the study period, MDR-TB conversely increased. Two oblasts -Atyrauskaya and Mangystauskaya - presented especially significant anomalies with large decreases in TB incident CNRs coupled with comparatively large increases in MDR-TB incident CNRs.


CONCLUSIONS
Understanding the distribution of TB and MDR-TB cases and associated risk factors, especially the "unknown risk factor" categorization points to the need for future research.
Columbia University Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan. at2024@columbia.edu
Assel
A
Terlikbayeva
Sabrina
S
Hermosilla
Sandro
S
Galea
Neil
N
Schluger
Saltanat
S
Yegeubayeva
Tleukhan
T
Abildayev
Talgat
T
Muminov
Farida
F
Akiyanova
Laura
L
Bartkowiak
Zhaksybay
Z
Zhumadilov
Almaz
A
Sharman
Nabila
N
El-Bassel
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007623:Kazakhstan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology