Does telephone lactation counselling improve breastfeeding practices? A randomised controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Exclusive breastfeeding rates in Malaysia remains low despite the implementation of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) policy in government hospitals. It has been suggested that any form of postnatal lactation support will lead to an increase in exclusive breastfeeding rates.


OBJECTIVE
To study the effectiveness of telephone lactation counselling on breastfeeding practices.


METHODS
Single blinded, randomised controlled trial (RCT).


METHODS
Maternity wards in a public hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


METHODS
357 mothers, each of whom had delivered a full term, healthy infant via spontaneous vaginal delivery.


METHODS
Mothers were followed up for 6 months. The intervention group (n=179) received lactation counselling via telephone twice monthly by certified lactation counsellors in addition to receiving the current conventional care of postnatal breastfeeding support. The control group (n=178) received the current conventional care of postnatal breastfeeding support. Definitions of breastfeeding practices were according to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions. Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire during recruitment and were later followed up at one, four and 6-month intervals during the postpartum period via a telephone-based questionnaire.


RESULTS
At 1 month, a higher percentage of mothers in the intervention group practiced exclusive breastfeeding, compared to the control group (84.3% vs. 74.7%, OR 1.825 95%, p=0.042, CI=1.054, 3.157). At 4 and 6 months postpartum, similar percentages of mothers from the two groups practiced exclusive breastfeeding (41.98% vs. 38.99%; 12.50% vs. 12.02%, no significant differences, both p>0.05). Slightly higher numbers of mothers in the control group had completely stopped breastfeeding at the 1, 4 and 6 month marks, compared to the intervention group (7.4% vs. 5.4%; 12.6% vs. 9.9%; 13.9% vs. 9.4%; all p>0.05). The reason cited by most mothers who had completely stopped breastfeeding during the early postpartum period was a low breast milk supply, while returning to work was the main reason for stopping breastfeeding later in the postpartum period.


CONCLUSIONS
Telephone lactation counselling provided by certified lactation counsellors from the nursing profession was effective in increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first postpartum month but not during the 4 and 6month postpartum intervals.
Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. drnorzakiah@gmail.com
Norzakiah Mohd
NM
Tahir
Nabilla
N
Al-Sadat
D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007774:Lactation; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012944:Social Support; D055817:Telenursing / Q000379:methods*; D013689:Telephone