Cytokine profile of mature milk from smoking and nonsmoking mothers.
We verified whether smoking during lactation influences breast milk cytokine (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α) levels 30 to 32 days after delivery. The study group comprised 24 postpartum women who declared smoking >5 cigarettes per day. The control group included 45 nonsmoking postpartum women. Compared with nonsmoking women, smokers were characterized by significantly higher breast milk concentrations of IL-1α (P = 0.04), whereas no significant intergroup differences were observed in terms of remaining analyzed cytokines. Moreover, both groups were characterized by a similar fraction of women with detectable cytokine levels.
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. aga1@gumed.edu.pl
Agnieszka
A
Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz
Ewa
E
Woś
Ewa
E
Aleksandrowicz
Grażyna
G
Luczak
Maciej
M
Zagierski
Dorota
D
Martysiak-Żurowska
Krzysztof
K
Marek
Barbara
B
Kamińska
D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011044:Poland; D049590:Postpartum Period; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
D016207:Cytokines; C508584:IL1A protein, human; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha