Gas chromatography-triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry for analysis of selected polyhalogenated pollutants in plants. Comparison of extraction methods.
Different extraction methods, followed by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, were evaluated for simultaneous extraction of seven polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from common weeds. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with in-cell clean-up, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with in-column clean-up, and UAE with dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up were evaluated and compared. In-cell clean-up with 4 g Florisil and 0.5 g graphitized carbon black (GCB) and two extraction cycles of 10 min with n-hexane-ethyl acetate 80:20 (v/v) at 60 °C were used for the PLE procedure. UAE with in-column clean-up was conducted under conditions similar to those reported for the PLE method whereas in UAE with dSPE clean-up purification of the extract was performed after extraction using primary and secondary amine sorbent (PSA) and GCB. Recovery from 82 to 104% was obtained for all the compounds by PLE whereas, in general, lower extraction efficiency was obtained by UAE with in-column clean-up (especially for BDE-17 and BDE-183, for which recovery was 70 and 41%, respectively) and by UAE with dSPE clean-up, for which the main drawback is that BDE-183 cannot be extracted. Finally, PLE was used for analysis of PCBs and PBDEs in different plants (Lolium rigidum, Lactuca serriola, Malva sylvestris, and Verbascum thapsus) collected from residential and/or rural areas of Madrid (Spain). Several of the analyzed compounds were detected at low levels in these plants, but only PCB-153 could be quantified.
Departamento de Medio Ambiente, INIA, Ctra de la Coruña, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Rosa Ana
RA
Pérez
José Luis
JL
Tadeo
Beatriz
B
Albero
Esther
E
Miguel
Consuelo
C
Sánchez-Brunete
D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002138:Calibration; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006219:Halogens / Q000032:analysis*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D053260:Soot / Q000737:chemistry; D013030:Spain; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D006219:Halogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012997:Solvents; D053260:Soot; C010574:biphenyl