Risk factors for development of sterile haemorrhagic cystitis in canine lymphoma patients receiving oral cyclophosphamide: a case-control study.
Sterile haemorrhagic cystitis (SHC) is a known risk of cyclophosphamide treatment; however, most canine reports are case series. This case-control study examined risk factors for SHC in dogs with lymphoma receiving oral cyclophosphamide. Twenty-two dogs with SHC and 66 control dogs were identified. On univariate analysis, SHC risk factors included age (P = 0.041), induction protocol (P = 0.021) and cumulative cyclophosphamide dose (P = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, increasing cumulative cyclophosphamide dose was associated with increased risk of SHC and the 'short' induction protocol (protocol 1) was associated with decreased risk. Controlling for age and induction protocol, odds of SHC increased by 2.21 per 750 mg m(-2) increase in cyclophosphamide dose (P = 0.001). SHC from oral cyclophosphamide is a predominately delayed toxicity resulting from high cumulative doses.
Department of Clinical Studies, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Gaeta
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Brown
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Cohen
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Sorenmo
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010414:Pennsylvania; D012307:Risk Factors; D012582:Schools, Veterinary
D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003520:Cyclophosphamide