The relative odds of involvement in seven crash configurations by driver age and sex.
BACKGROUND
Much is known about sex and age differences in collision types, but most studies have examined the effect of declining physical and mental capabilities on older drivers' performance. Fewer studies have focused on the relationship between younger driver's sex and crash type, and these studies have largely ignored the multidimensionality of crashes, have not consistently examined sex differences, and are based on outdated data. This study addressed these issues by examining differences in the likelihood of involvement in seven crash configurations between adolescent and adult male and female drivers.


METHODS
Fatal crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and nonfatal crash data from the General Estimation System for years 2005-2009 were used. Crash configurations were identified using point of initial impact, manner of collision, and vehicle action (i.e., striking or struck). Logistic regression estimated relative odds ratios among four driver groups: male and female drivers aged 15-19 years, and male and female drivers aged 45-64 years.


RESULTS
Crash likelihood varied dramatically by driver age and sex across crash configuration. Adolescent male drivers were most likely to be in single-vehicle and fatal head-on crashes; adolescent drivers had a higher likelihood of front-to-rear crashes; adults had the highest likelihood of rear-end crashes; and female drivers had higher likelihoods of left- and right-side crashes.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings may result from differences in driving experience, driving styles, or cognitive spatial abilities. Future research is needed to identify contributors to different crash configurations so that they can be directly addressed through tailored interventions and programs.
University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2150, USA. rbingham@umich.edu
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D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000145:classification* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult