The Effect of Parental Presence on the 5 year-Old Children's Anxiety and Cooperative Behavior in the First and Second Dental Visit.
OBJECTIVE
One of the most significant problems in pediatric dentistry is behavioral resistance of preschool children in the first visit. There is a debate on parental presence in operation room. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Iranian 5-year-old children's behavior including anxiety and cooperation relative to parental presence in the first and second dental appointments.


METHODS
The study was conducted on sixty seven 5-year-old children selected according to inclusion criteria and randomly divided into two subgroups. Children in group I were visited in parent's presence and in group II in parent's absence. Before the child's first dental visit, parents were interviewed. Forty eight of the children receiving the initial examination were recalled for a second visit. The children's responses during the Holst procedure of the first visit and restorative second visit were assessed using a combination of two measures including heart rate and clinical behavior. The dentist-patient interactions were regulated by standardized scripts and recorded on videotape. Then, the behavior of the child on the recording during each visit was quantified by two pediatric dentists independently according to Venham 6-point rating scale and Frankle 4-point rating scale.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences between the heart rate measures of children in group I and II in the first and second visit (0.67, 0.8 respectively). There were also no significant differences between the clinical anxiety scores of children in the two groups in the first and second visit (0.98, 0.42 respectively). Moreover, there were no significant differences between the clinical cooperation scores of children in group I and group II in the first and second visit (0.88, 0.40 respectively), neither were there any significant differences between response measures of each child between two visits (P>0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences related to sex, parental education and dental experiences (P>0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Parental presence or absence doesn't affect an Iranian 5-year-old child's anxiety on the first and second dental visit, as well as an Iranian 5-year-old child's cooperation on the first and second dental visit.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hossein
H
Afshar
Yahya
Y
Baradaran Nakhjavani
Javad
J
Mahmoudi-Gharaei
Mehrsa
M
Paryab
Sommaye
S
Zadhoosh