The poor osteoinductive capability of human acellular bone matrix.
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has extensive clinical use for bone regeneration because of its osteoinductive and osteoconductive aptitude. It is suggested that the demineralization process in bone matrix preparation is influential in maintaining osteoinductivity; however, relevant investigations, especially into the osteoinductivity of acellular bone matrix, are not often performed. This study addressed the osteoinductive capability of human acellular cancellous bone matrix (ACBM) after subcutaneous implantation in a rat model. The growth and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) seeded in this material were also studied. Without the demineralization process, the ACBM we obtained had an interconnected porous network and the micropores in the surface were clearly exposed. After the ACBM was subcutaneously implanted for 4 months, new osteoid formation was noted but not typical mature bone formation. rBM-MSCs grew well in the ACBM and kept a steady morphology after continuous culture for 28 days. However, no mineralized nodule formation was detected and the expression levels of genes encoding osteogenic markers were significantly decreased. These results demonstrated that human ACBM possess the structural features of native bone and poor osteoinductivity; nonetheless this material helped to preserve the undifferentiated phenotype of rBM-MSCs. Such insights may further broaden our understanding of the application of ACBM for bone regeneration and the creation of stem cell niches.
Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P R China.
Yi-Zhou
YZ
Huang
Jia-Qin
JQ
Cai
Jing
J
Xue
Xiao-He
XH
Chen
Chao-Liang
CL
Zhang
Xiu-Qun
XQ
Li
Zhi-Ming
ZM
Yang
Yong-Can
YC
Huang
Li
L
Deng
D000818:Animals; D018775:Bone Demineralization Technique; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000502:physiology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats