An oral sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P(1)) antagonist prodrug with efficacy in vivo: discovery, synthesis, and evaluation.
A prodrug approach to optimize the oral exposure of a series of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P(1)) antagonists for chronic efficacy studies led to the discovery of (S)-2-{[3'-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethylphenylsulfonylamino)-3,5-dimethylbiphenyl-4-carbonyl]methylamino}-4-dimethylaminobutyric acid methyl ester 14. Methyl ester prodrug 14 is hydrolyzed in vivo to the corresponding carboxylic acid 15, a potent and selective S1P(1) antagonist. Oral administration of the prodrug 14 induces sustained peripheral blood lymphocyte reduction in rats. In a rat cardiac transplantation model coadministration of a nonefficacious dose of prodrug 14 with a nonefficacious dose of sotrastaurin (19), a protein kinase C inhibitor, or everolimus (20), an mTOR inhibitor, effectively prolonged the survival time of rat cardiac allografts. This demonstrates that clinically useful immunomodulation mediated by the S1P(1) receptor can be achieved with an S1P(1) antagonist generated in vivo after oral administration of its prodrug.
Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland. daniela.angst@novartis.com
Daniela
D
Angst
Philipp
P
Janser
Jean
J
Quancard
Peter
P
Buehlmayer
Frederic
F
Berst
Lukas
L
Oberer
Christian
C
Beerli
Markus
M
Streiff
Charles
C
Pally
Rene
R
Hersperger
Christian
C
Bruns
Frederic
F
Bassilana
Birgit
B
Bollbuck
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000613:Aminobutyrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology
C577940:2-((3'-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethylphenylsulfonylamino)-3,5-dimethylbiphenyl-4-carbonyl)methylamino)-4-dimethylaminobutyric acid methyl ester; D000613:Aminobutyrates; D011355:Prodrugs; D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid; D013449:Sulfonamides