Evidence for interventions to prevent and control obesity among children and adolescents: its applicability to India.
Childhood obesity is on the rise worldwide and its increasing prevalence in low and middle income countries is well-known. Obesity interventions have the potential to prevent adverse health outcomes; however, large gaps in research and knowledge about the efficacy and sustainability of such interventions remain. The objectives of this article were to review the evidence for interventions to prevent and control obesity among children and adolescents, evaluate their applicability in India, and discuss the challenges to sustain such interventions. The authors reviewed published research focusing on childhood obesity interventions, especially in India and other lower-resource countries. Nine observational and 10 interventional studies were reviewed. Most studies identified were from developed countries and took place at day-care settings, schools, and after school programs. Nineteen reported studies were grouped into categories: diet (2), physical activity (4), childcare programs (2), media-based programs (2), parental involvement (2), multi-component studies (1), and screen time (6). Most interventions were effective in reducing BMI, decreasing sedentary behaviors, and increasing physical activity. Sustainability of these interventions was not evaluated. While there is no one method or simple intervention to address obesity, multi-component approaches involving home and school environments are promising and warrant evaluation in India. Literature on obesity prevention and control in India and in lower-resource countries, however, is sparse. Existing gaps in knowledge about obesity should be addressed by conducting research in India and carrying out interventions to determine what strategies will be successful and sustainable locally.
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health and Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. msreeva@emory.edu
Meghana
M
Sreevatsava
K M Venkat
KM
Narayan
Solveig A
SA
Cunningham
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008019:Life Style; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic