Secondary prevention of stroke: Pleiotropic effects of optimal oral pharmacotherapy.
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. During the past three decades, major advances have occurred in secondary prevention, which have demonstrated the broader potential for the prevention of stroke. Risk factors for stroke include previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, high blood cholesterol and diabetes. Proven secondary prevention strategies are anti-platelet agents, antihypertensive drugs, statins and glycemic control. In the present review, we evaluated the secondary prevention of stroke in light of clinical studies and discuss new pleiotropic effects beyond the original effects and emerging clinical evidence, with a focus on the effect of optimal oral pharmacotherapy.
Department of Neurosurgery, Yame Public General Hospital, Yame 834-0034; ; Departments of Neurosurgery and ; Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011;
Kiyoshi
K
Kikuchi
Ko-Ichi
KI
Kawahara
Naoki
N
Miura
Takashi
T
Ito
Yoko
Y
Morimoto
Salunya
S
Tancharoen
Nobuyuki
N
Takeshige
Hisaaki
H
Uchikado
Rokudai
R
Sakamoto
Naohisa
N
Miyagi
Chiemi
C
Kikuchi
Narumi
N
Iida
Naoto
N
Shiomi
Terukazu
T
Kuramoto
Masaru
M
Hirohata
Ikuro
I
Maruyama
Motohiro
M
Morioka
Eiichiro
E
Tanaka