Ozonation of metoprolol in aqueous solution: ozonation by-products and mechanisms of degradation.
This study investigated the degradation pathway of metoprolol, a widely used β-blocker, in the ozonation via the identification of generated ozonation by-products (OPs). Structure elucidation of OPs was performed using HPLC coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry. Seven OPs were identified, and four of these have not been reported elsewhere. Identified OPs of metoprolol included aromatic ring breakdown by-products; aliphatic chain degraded by-products and aromatic ring mono-, di-, and tetrahydroxylated derivatives. Based on the detected OPs, metoprolol could be degraded through aromatic ring opening reaction via reaction with ozone (O3) and degradation of aliphatic chain and aromatic ring via reaction with hydroxyl radical (•OH).
Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. khengsoo@um.edu.my
Kheng Soo
KS
Tay
Noorsaadah Abd
NA
Rahman
Mhd Radzi Bin
MR
Abas
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010126:Ozone; D008790:Metoprolol