Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on cutaneous vasodilation in response to acupuncture stimulation in humans.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation following acupuncture stimulation by investigating the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and axon reflex vasodilation.


METHODS
The subjects were 17 healthy male volunteers. The role of NO was investigated by administering N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 20 mM), an NO synthase inhibitor or Ringer's solution (control site), via intradermal microdialysis (protocol 1; n=7). The role of axon reflex vasodilation by local sensory neurones was investigated by comparing vasodilation at sites treated with 'eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics' (EMLA) cream (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) with untreated sites (control site) (protocol 2; n=10). After 5 min of baseline recording, acupuncture was applied to PC4 and a control site in proximity to PC4 for 10 min and scanning was performed for 60 min after acupuncture stimulation. Skin blood flow (SkBF) was evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from the ratio of SkBF to mean arterial blood pressure.


RESULTS
In the first protocol, sites administered L-NAME showed significant reductions in CVC responses following acupuncture stimulation compared to control sites (administered Ringer's solution) (p<0.05). In the second protocol, changes in CVC responses after acupuncture stimulation did not differ significantly between treated sites with EMLA cream and untreated sites (p>0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that cutaneous vasodilation in response to acupuncture stimulation may not occur through an axon reflex as previously reported. Rather, NO mechanisms appear to contribute to the vasodilator response.
Department of Health Sciences, Kansai University of Health Sciences, 2-11-1, Wakaba, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0482, Japan. k.kimura@kansai.ac.jp
Kenichi
K
Kimura
Hayato
H
Takeuchi
Kuniko
K
Yuri
Ikuro
I
Wakayama
D015669:Acupuncture Points; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D001369:Axons; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012016:Reference Values; D012018:Reflex; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation; D014664:Vasodilation; D055815:Young Adult
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester