Exercise oscillatory ventilation in heart failure.
Irregular breathing characterized by cyclic variation of ventilation with a period of approximately 1 min has been recognized in patients with heart failure for almost two centuries. Periodic breathing during exercise is a noninvasive parameter that is easily recognizable during submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Recent studies have established that periodic breathing during exercise not only signals significant impairment in resting and exercise hemodynamic parameters but also potently predicts adverse events in heart failure patients. This article reviews the mechanistic basis of periodic breathing and the clinical utility of discerning patterns of irregular breathing in patients with heart failure.
Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Bishnu P
BP
Dhakal
Ryan M
RM
Murphy
Gregory D
GD
Lewis
D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002639:Cheyne-Stokes Respiration; D005080:Exercise Test; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange