Sickle cell anemia: iron availability and nocturnal oximetry.
OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that low iron availability, measured as transferrin saturation, is associated with low nocturnal hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) in children with homozygous sickle cell anemia (SCA; hemoglobin SS).


METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of Tanzanian children with SCA who were not receiving regular blood transfusions. Thirty-two children (16 boys) with SCA (mean age 8.0, range 3.6-15.3 years) underwent motion-resistant nocturnal oximetry (Masimo Radical) and had steady state serum transferrin saturation and hematological indices assessed.


RESULTS
Higher transferrin saturation, adjusted for age and α-thalassemia deletion, was associated with lower nocturnal mean SpO(2) (p = 0.013, r(2) = 0.41), number of SpO(2) dips/h > 3% from baseline (p = 0.008, r(2) = 0.19) and with min/h with SpO(2) < 90% (p = 0.026 r(2) = 0.16). Transferrin saturation < 16% (indicative of iron deficiency) was associated with a 2.2% higher nocturnal mean SpO(2).


CONCLUSIONS
Contrary to our hypothesis, higher iron availability, assessed by transferrin saturation, is associated with nocturnal chronic and intermittent hemoglobin oxygen desaturation in SCA. Whether these associations are causal and are driven by hypoxia-inducible factor and hepcidin-mediated upregulation of demand for iron warrants further investigation.
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. sharon.cox@muhimbili-wellcom.org
Sharon E
SE
Cox
Veline
V
L'Esperance
Julie
J
Makani
Deogratius
D
Soka
Andrew M
AM
Prentice
Catherine M
CM
Hill
Fenella J
FJ
Kirkham
D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D017286:Polysomnography; D014168:Transferrin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
D006454:Hemoglobins; D014168:Transferrin; D007501:Iron; D010100:Oxygen