ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder Cancer 2012: Screening, diagnosis, and molecular markers.
OBJECTIVE
To present a summary of the 2nd International Consultation on Bladder Cancer recommendations on the screening, diagnosis, and markers of bladder cancer using an evidence-based strategy.


METHODS
A detailed Medline analysis was performed for original articles addressing bladder cancer with regard to screening, diagnosis, markers, and pathology. Proceedings from the last 5 yr of major conferences were also searched.


RESULTS
The major findings are presented in an evidence-based fashion. Large retrospective and prospective data were analyzed.


CONCLUSIONS
Cystoscopy alone is the most cost-effective method to detect recurrence of bladder cancer. White-light cystoscopy is the gold standard for evaluation of the lower urinary tract; however, technology like fluorescence-aided cystoscopy and narrow-band imaging can aid in improving evaluations. Urine cytology is useful for the diagnosis of high-grade tumor recurrence. Molecular medicine holds the promise that clinical outcomes will be improved by directing therapy toward the mechanisms and targets associated with the growth of an individual patient's tumor. The challenge remains to optimize measurement of these targets, evaluate the impact of such targets for therapeutic drug development, and translate molecular markers into the improved clinical management of bladder cancer patients. Physicians and researchers eventually will have a robust set of molecular markers to guide prevention, diagnosis, and treatment decisions for bladder cancer.
Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA. akamat@mdanderson.org
Ashish M
AM
Kamat
Paul K
PK
Hegarty
Jason R
JR
Gee
Peter E
PE
Clark
Robert S
RS
Svatek
Nicholas
N
Hegarty
Shahrokh F
SF
Shariat
Evanguelos
E
Xylinas
Bernd J
BJ
Schmitz-Dräger
Yair
Y
Lotan
Lawrence C
LC
Jenkins
Michael
M
Droller
Bas W
BW
van Rhijn
Pierre I
PI
Karakiewicz
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000592:standards; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D057089:Pathology, Molecular / Q000592:standards*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000592:standards; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor