A high-throughput diagnostic method for measuring human exposure to organophosphorus nerve agents.
An automated high-throughput immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method for diagnosing exposure to the organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) sarin (GB), cyclohexylsarin (GF), VX, and Russian VX (RVX) was developed to increase sample processing capacity for emergency response applications. Diagnosis of exposure to OPNAs was based on the formation of OPNA adducts to butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Data reported with this method represent a ratio of the agent-specific BuChE adduct concentration, relative to the total BuChE peptide concentration that provides a nonactivity measurement expressed as percent adducted. All magnetic bead transfer steps and washes were performed using instrumentation in a 96-well format allowing for simultaneous extraction of 86 clinical samples plus reference materials. Automating extractions increased sample throughput 50-fold, as compared to a previously reported manual method. The limits of detection, determined using synthetic peptides, were 1 ng/mL for unadducted BuChE and GB-, GF-, VX-, and RVX-adducted BuChE. The automated method was characterized using unexposed serum and serum pools exposed to GB, GF, VX, or RVX. Variation for the measurement of percent adducted was <12% for all characterized quality control serum pools. Twenty-six (26) serum samples from individuals asymptomatic for cholinesterase inhibitor exposure were analyzed using this method, and no background levels of OPNA exposure were observed. Unexposed BuChE serum concentrations measured using this method ranged from 2.8 μg/mL to 10.6 μg/mL, with an average concentration of 6.4 μg/mL.
Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F44, Chamblee, Georgia 30341, United States.
Jennifer S
JS
Knaack
Yingtao
Y
Zhou
Carter W
CW
Abney
Justin T
JT
Jacob
Samantha M
SM
Prezioso
Katelyn
K
Hardy
Sharon W
SW
Lemire
Jerry
J
Thomas
Rudolph C
RC
Johnson
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D002138:Calibration; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D059346:Magnets / Q000737:chemistry; D008863:Microspheres; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D011786:Quality Control; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
D015415:Biomarkers; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase