Selection  pressures have driven population differentiation of domesticated and wild  common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
Selection pressures are the principle  evolutionary forces for the genetic differentiation of populations. Recent  changes in selection pressures on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite have  been described in a wide variety of organisms. The common carp (Cyprinus  carpio) has experienced strong selection pressure, in particular artificial  selection, during its domestication. However, the contribution and extent of  artificial selection in driving genome-wide population differentiation remain  unclear. We investigated the genetic differentiation of 4 domesticated strains  (Xingguo red common carp, Glass red common carp, Purse red common carp, and  Jian common carp, which have been generated by artificial selection since  1970s) and 2 wild populations (Shishou section in Hubei and Yangzhou section in  Jiangsu of the Yangtze River) of common carp in China by sequencing the  mitochondrial DNA D-loop and by genotyping 10 microsatellite loci. It was found  that the domesticated strains exhibited linkage disequilibrium within the  population and less genetic variability, higher inbreeding coefficients (F(IS) = 0.101 vs 0.038), and higher genetic  differentiation (F(ST)  = 0.087 vs 0.001)  than the wild populations, which indicates strong selection pressures in the  process of domestication. Of the 10 loci, 5 appeared to be under positive  directional selection in the domesticated strains, and all 10 loci in wild  populations were potentially under balancing selection. We conclude that strong  selection pressures, artificial selection in particular, have caused genetic  differentiation between populations of domesticated and wild common carp.
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
L H
LH
Xu
C H
CH
Wang
J
J
Wang
Z J
ZJ
Dong
Y Q
YQ
Ma
X X
XX
Yang
D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000235:genetics*; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000235:genetics*; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006579:Heterozygote; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012641:Selection, Genetic
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial