Genetic removal of p70 S6 kinase 1 corrects molecular, synaptic, and behavioral phenotypes in fragile X syndrome mice.
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited cause of autism and intellectual disability. Aberrant synaptic translation has been implicated in the etiology of FXS, but most lines of research on therapeutic strategies have targeted protein synthesis indirectly, far upstream of the translation machinery. We sought to perturb p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), a key translation initiation and elongation regulator, in FXS model mice. We found that genetic reduction of S6K1 prevented elevated phosphorylation of translational control molecules, exaggerated protein synthesis, enhanced mGluR-dependent long-term depression (LTD), weight gain, and macro-orchidism in FXS model mice. In addition, S6K1 deletion prevented immature dendritic spine morphology and multiple behavioral phenotypes, including social interaction deficits, impaired novel object recognition, and behavioral inflexibility. Our results support the model that dysregulated protein synthesis is the key causal factor in FXS and that restoration of normal translation can stabilize peripheral and neurological function in FXS.
Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Aditi
A
Bhattacharya
Hanoch
H
Kaphzan
Amanda C
AC
Alvarez-Dieppa
Jaclyn P
JP
Murphy
Philippe
P
Pierre
Eric
E
Klann
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001703:Biophysics; D049229:Dendritic Spines / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D036881:Long-Term Synaptic Depression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010641:Phenotype; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000235:genetics; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045442:Rotarod Performance Test; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics
D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C497684:Fmr1 protein, mouse; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; C010117:3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol