The long-term use of zygomatic implants: a 10-year clinical and radiographic report.
BACKGROUND
The zygoma implant has been an effective option in the short-term management of the atrophic edentulous maxilla.


OBJECTIVE
To report on long-term outcomes in the rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla using zygomatic (ZI) and regular implants (RI).


METHODS
22 consecutive zygomatic patients in a maintenance program were included. Cumulative survival rate (CSR) of ZI, RI, prostheses, and complications were recorded during, at least, 10 years of loading. Implant mobility was tested using Periotest(®). Sinus health was radiographically and clinically assessed according to Lund-Mackay (L-M) score and Lanza and Kennedy survey, respectively. A satisfaction questionnaire and anatomical measurements were also performed.


RESULTS
Patients received 22 prostheses, anchored on 172 implants. Forty-one were ZI. Three RI failed (10 years CSR = 97.71%). Two ZI were partly removed due to perimplant infection (10 years CSR = 95.12%). All patients maintained functional prostheses. One patient fractured framework twice. Loosening or fracturing screws happened in 11 patients. Seven patients fractured occlusal material. Four ZI abutments in two patients were disconnected because of uncomfortable prostheses. Alveolar height at the ZI head level on the right and left sides was 2.64 mm and 2.25 mm, respectively. Mean distance of ZI head center to ridge center, on the right and left sides was 4.54 mm and 5.67 mm, respectively. Mean Periotest values (PTv) of ZI were -4.375 PTv and -4.941 PTv before prostheses placement and after 10 years, respectively. Six patients experienced sinusitis 14-127 months postoperatively. 54.55% of the L-M scores did not present opacification (L-M = 0) in any sinus. Osteomeatal obstruction happened in eight patients (two bilateral). Two (9.09%) were diagnosed with sinusitis. Eighty-four percent reported satisfaction levels above 80%. 31.81% reported maximum satisfaction score (100%).


CONCLUSIONS
The long-term rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxillae using ZI is a predictable procedure.
Clínica Aparicio-Plenido, Barcelona, Spain.
Carlos
C
Aparicio
Carolina
C
Manresa
Karen
K
Francisco
Wafaa
W
Ouazzani
Pedro
P
Claros
Josep M
JM
Potau
Arnau
A
Aparicio
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D015050:Zygoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*
D015921:Dental Implants