The role of perfectionism in postpartum depression and symptomatology.
The role of perfectionism as a correlate and as a predictor of perinatal depressive symptomatology and disorder was examined. Three-hundred and eighty-six pregnant women (mean age = 30.08 years; SD = 4.205; range = 19-44) completed the Portuguese versions of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II/BDI-II and three questions evaluating anxiety trait, life stress and social support perception. Diagnoses of depression were obtained using the Portuguese version of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies/OPCRIT system. Women who were depressed in pregnancy (ICD-10/DSM-IV) were excluded from the analyses. Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism subcomponents (Conditional Acceptance and Others' High Standards) were significant correlates of depressive symptomatology/BDI-II in pregnancy. Others' High Standards was a significant predictor of postpartum depressive symptomatology/BDI-II, after controlling the other independent variables (depressive symptomatology and trait anxiety in pregnancy, life stress and social support perception in postpartum). None of the perfectionism subscales predicted postpartum depressive disorder (ICD-10/DSM-IV). Self-Oriented Perfectionism was an important correlate of depressive symptomatology in pregnancy and Others' High Standards and Conditional Acceptance were significant correlates of perinatal depressive symptomatology. Others' High Standards accounted for 0.8 % of the depressive symptomatology variance in postpartum after controlling the effect for other depressive symptomatology correlates. Perfectionism was not a risk factor for postpartum depressive disorder. Our findings improve the knowledge regarding the risk factors implicated in the development of postpartum depressive symptomatology/disorder, which is of utmost importance to develop adequate prevention and intervention strategies.
Institute of Medical Psychology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. bmaia@fmed.uc.pt
Berta R
BR
Maia
Ana T
AT
Pereira
Mariana
M
Marques
Sandra
S
Bos
Maria J
MJ
Soares
José
J
Valente
Ana A
AA
Gomes
Maria H
MH
Azevedo
António
A
Macedo
D000328:Adult; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D016015:Logistic Models; D018743:Perinatal Care; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology