Perceived discrimination, group identification, and life satisfaction among multiracial people: a test of the rejection-identification model.
Like other racial minority groups, multiracial people face discrimination as a function of their racial identity, and this discrimination represents a threat to psychological well-being. Following the Rejection-Identification Model (RIM; Branscombe, Schmitt, & Harvey, 1999), we argue that perceived discrimination will encourage multiracial people to identify more strongly with other multiracials, and that multiracial identification, in turn, fosters psychological well-being. Thus, multiracial identification is conceptualized as a coping response that reduces the overall costs of discrimination on well-being. This study is the first to test the RIM in a sample of multiracial people. Multiracial participants' perceptions of discrimination were negatively related to life satisfaction. Consistent with the RIM, perceived discrimination was positively related to three aspects of multiracial group identification: stereotyping the self as similar to other multiracial people, perceiving people within the multiracial category as more homogenous, and expressing solidarity with the multiracial category. Self-stereotyping was the only aspect of group identification that mediated a positive relationship between perceived discrimination and life satisfaction, suggesting that multiracial identification's protective properties rest in the fact that it provides an collective identity where one "fits."
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. lgiamo@sfu.ca
Lisa S
LS
Giamo
Michael T
MT
Schmitt
H Robert
HR
Outten
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011287:Prejudice / Q000208:ethnology*; D012059:Rejection, Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D063508:Social Discrimination / Q000208:ethnology*; D012933:Social Identification; D012938:Social Perception; D013240:Stereotyping; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult