Using a clinic based creativity initiative to reduce HIV related stigma at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda.
BACKGROUND
Stigma has been associated with chronic health conditions such as HIV/AIDS, leprosy, tuberculosis, Mental illness and Epilepsy. Different forms of stigma have been identified: enacted stigma, perceived stigma, and self stigma. Stigma is increasingly regarded as a key driver of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and has a major impact on public health interventions.


OBJECTIVE
The initiative was to provide activities in the clinic while patients waited to be seen by healthcare professionals. It was envisaged this would contribute to reduction of clinic based stigma felt by clients.


METHODS
This was a repeated cross-sectional survey (October-November 2005 and March-April 2007) that was conducted at the Infectious Diseases Institute clinic (IDC) at Mulago, the national referral hospital in Uganda. We utilized quantitative (survey) and qualitative (key informants, focus group discussions) methods to collect the data. Data were collected on stigma before the creativity initiative intervention was implemented, and a second phase survey was conducted to assess effectiveness of the interventions.


RESULTS
Clients who attended the IDC before the creativity intervention were about twice as likely to fear catching an infection as those who came after the intervention. The proportion that had fears to be seen by a friend or relative at the clinic decreased. Thus during the implementation of the Creativity intervention, HIV related stigma was reduced in this clinic setting.


CONCLUSIONS
The creativity intervention helped to build self esteem and improved communication among those attending the clinic; there was observed ambiance at the clinic and clients became empowered, with creative, communication and networking skills. Improved knowledge and communication are key in addressing self stigma among HIV positive individuals.
Makerere University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Kampala, Uganda. sheisim@yahoo.com
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Neema
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Atuyambe
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Otolok-Tanga
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Twijukye
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Kambugu
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Thayer
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McAdam
D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003405:Creativity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012649:Self Concept; D017678:Sex Distribution; D060756:Social Networking; D057545:Social Stigma; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013240:Stereotyping; D014454:Uganda