Antibiogram of nosocomial urinary tract infections in Felege Hiwot referral hospital, Ethiopia.
BACKGROUND
Nosocomial infections increase the cost of medical care, extend hospital stay and reflect on the morbidity and mortality of the admitted patients. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common nosocomial infections in humans.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence and antibiogram of nosocomial UITs from a referral hospital.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1 254 patients from April to August 2010. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using disc diffusion technique as per the standard of Kirby-Bauer method.


RESULTS
Of the 1 254 patients, 118 (9.4%) developed nosocomial UTIs. Seventy three (61.9%) and 44 (37.1%) of the bacterial isolates were gram negative and gram positive, respectively. One patient had a mixed infection. E. coli, S.aureus and K. pneumonia were the most predominant isolates. Gender, catheterization and pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis and underlying diseases were significantly associated with the occurrence of nosocomial UTIs (p=0.001). Most bacterial isolates showed high resistance rates (>80%) to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol and cloxacillin.


CONCLUSIONS
Catheterization and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis were found to be the risk factors for nosocomial infection. Effective infection prevention measures should be in place to reduce the prevalence of nosocomial UTIs.
Bahir Regional Health Research Laboratory Center, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
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Melaku
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Kibret
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Abera
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Gebre-Sellassie
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents