Ciliary body lymphangiogenesis in uveal melanoma with and without extraocular extension.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether peritumoral ciliary body lymphatics are found in uveal melanoma in the absence of extraocular extension.


METHODS
Consecutive case series from 1999 to 2005.


METHODS
Thirty-two uveal melanoma cases involving the ciliary body from the Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, University of Toronto, of which 23 showed no extraocular extension.


METHODS
All immunofluorescence studies and quantitative analyses were performed in a masked fashion. Sections were immunostained for the presence of lymphatic endothelium using podoplanin (D2-40 antibody) and blood vessel endothelium using CD34.


METHODS
Identification and quantification of D2-40-positive lymphatic vessels in the ciliary body.


RESULTS
In every case (n = 32), D2-40-positive lymphatics were detected in the peritumoral ciliary body. Lymphatic signal was significantly increased in the peritumoral ciliary body compared with the nonperitumoral ciliary body (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in lymphatic signal between cases with and without extraocular extension (P > 0.05). Lymphatics were not detected within the tumors.


CONCLUSIONS
Peritumoral lymphangiogenesis was present in the ciliary body in uveal melanomas with and without extraocular extension, and as such, the presence of peritumoral lymphatics is not recommended as a prognostic marker in uveal melanoma.
Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Anam M
AM
Khan
Dov B
DB
Kagan
Neeru
N
Gupta
Eduardo V
EV
Navajas
Ya-Ping
YP
Jin
Yeni H
YH
Yücel
D000368:Aged; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000473:pathology*; D004729:Endothelium, Lymphatic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D000098853:Podoplanin
D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C117468:PDPN protein, human; D000098853:Podoplanin; C500987:monoclonal antibody D2-40