The use of household cleaning products during pregnancy and lower respiratory tract infections and wheezing during early life.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of household use of cleaning products during pregnancy on infant wheezing and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).


METHODS
In four prospective Spanish birth cohorts (n = 2,292), pregnant women reported the use of household cleaning products. When infants were 12-18 months old, current cleaning product use and infant's wheezing and LRTI were reported. Cohort-specific associations between the use of specific products and respiratory outcomes were evaluated using multivariable regression analyses and estimates were combined using random-effects meta-analyses.


RESULTS
The period prevalence of LRTI was higher when sprays (combined odds ratio (OR) = 1.29; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.59) or air fresheners (OR = 1.29; CI 1.03-1.63) were used during pregnancy. The odds of wheezing increased with spray (OR = 1.37; CI 1.10-1.69) and solvent (OR = 1.30; CI 1.03-1.62) use. The associations between spray and air freshener use during pregnancy and both outcomes remained apparent when these products were not used after pregnancy. Nevertheless, the estimates were higher when post-natal exposure was included.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of cleaning sprays, air fresheners and solvents during pregnancy may increase the risk of wheezing and infections in the offspring.
Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, lcasas@creal.cat.
Lidia
L
Casas
Jan Paul
JP
Zock
Anne Elie
AE
Carsin
Ana
A
Fernandez-Somoano
Ana
A
Esplugues
Loreto
L
Santa-Marina
Adonina
A
Tardón
Ferran
F
Ballester
Mikel
M
Basterrechea
Jordi
J
Sunyer
D003902:Detergents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006796:Household Work; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
D003902:Detergents