Degradation of some benzodiazepines by a laccase-mediated system in aqueous solution.
Purified laccase from the soil ascomycete, Paraconiothyrium variabile was employed in the degradation of 7 benzodiazepine substances in the absence and presence of the enzyme mediators, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP), and vanillic acid (VA). In the absence of a laccase mediator, the original concentrations of 10 μg mL(-1) of nitrazepam, alprazolam, diazepam, and oxazepam decreased by 27.3%, 45.6%, 18.6% and 18.7%, respectively, after 48 h treatment using the purified enzyme, whereas the removal percentages for clobazam, chlordiazepoxide, and lorazepam were only 5.6%, 3.6%, and 4.1%, respectively. Among the laccase mediators, HBT was the most efficient compound, increasing the degradation percentages of nitrazepam, alprazolam, diazepam, and oxazepam to 73%, 88.1%, 61.4%, and 71.2%, respectively. The removal percentages of clobazam, chlordiazepoxide, and lorazepam was increased to 8.2%, 4.7%, and 6.5%, respectively, when the laccase-HBT system was used. The data presented suggest that the laccase-mediated system has potential for the elimination of some benzodiazepines in aqueous solution.
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 14174, Iran.
Sattar
S
Ostadhadi-Dehkordi
Minoosadat
M
Tabatabaei-Sameni
Hamid
H
Forootanfar
Shakiba
S
Kolahdouz
Mahmoud
M
Ghazi-Khansari
Mohammad Ali
MA
Faramarzi
D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D042845:Laccase / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions; D013045:Species Specificity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
D012996:Solutions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D042845:Laccase