Induction of prosurvival molecules during treatment: rethinking therapy options for photodynamic therapy.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) not only causes direct cytotoxicity to malignant cells within a tumor but also appears to have both direct and indirect effects on nonmalignant components of the tumor microenvironment. A host of preclinical studies have been performed to document how PDT modulates the tumor microenvironment. This article explores the role of cellular components such as the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinases, the antiapoptotic protein survivin, and 17-AAG (an inhibitor of heat shock proteins), with the hope that combined modality regimens targeting these processes may improve PDT tumor responsiveness.
Cancer Biology and Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. cgomer@chla.usc.edu
Charles J
CJ
Gomer
D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D000077022:Survivin; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D016227:Benzoquinones; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D000077022:Survivin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C112765:tanespimycin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases