Whole-genome analysis of two bovine rotavirus C strains: Shintoku and Toyama.
Rotavirus C (RVC) has been detected frequently in epidemic cases and/or outbreaks of diarrhoea in humans and animals worldwide. Because it is difficult to cultivate RVCs serially in cell culture, the sequence data available for RVCs are limited, despite their potential economical and epidemiological impact. Although whole-genome sequences of one porcine RVC and seven human RVC strains have been analysed, this has not yet been done for a bovine RVC strain. In the present study, we first determined the nucleotide sequences for five as-yet under-researched genes, including the NSP4 gene, from a cultivable bovine RVC, the Shintoku strain, identified in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, in 1991. In addition, we elucidated the ORF sequences of all segments from another bovine RVC, the Toyama strain, detected in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, in 2010, in order to investigate genetic divergence among bovine RVCs. Comparison of segmental nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences among RVCs indicates high identity among bovine RVCs and low identity between human and porcine RVCs. Phylogenetic analysis of each gene showed that the two bovine RVCs belong to a cluster distinct from human and porcine RVCs. These data demonstrate that RVCs can be classified into different genotypes according to host species. Moreover, RVC NSP1, NSP2 and VP1 amino acid sequences contain a unique motif that is highly conserved among rotavirus A (RVA) strains and, hence, several proteins from bovine RVCs are suggested to play important roles that are similar to those of RVAs.
Research and Development Section, Institute of Animal Health, JA Zen-noh (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Chiba 285-0043, Japan.
Junichi
J
Soma
Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Tsunemitsu
Toyama Prefectural Tobu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Toyama 939-3536, Japan.
Takeshi
T
Miyamoto
Research and Development Section, Institute of Animal Health, JA Zen-noh (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Chiba 285-0043, Japan.
Goro
G
Suzuki
Research and Development Section, Institute of Animal Health, JA Zen-noh (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Chiba 285-0043, Japan.
Takashi
T
Sasaki
Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
Tohru
T
Suzuki
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D016679:Genome, Viral; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D014764:Viral Proteins