[Incretin modulators, a new perspective in diabetes mellitus treatment].
OBJECTIVE
The study was designed to present the modern therapy used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).


METHODS
Diabetes mellitus and the pharmacological and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the incretins and of the incretin modulators are presented.


RESULTS
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, which is considered to be a major health issue all over the world. World Health Organization indicates that world-wide almost 3 million deaths per year are caused by diabetes and 1,5 million new cases are diagnosed annually, T2DM representing approximately 90-95% of the diagnosed cases. This form of diabetes mellitus is characterized by several path physiological defects including insulin resistance at peripheral target tissues, excess hepatic glucose production and progressive pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. The newest direction in the treatment of T2DM mellitus is the incretin modulators. The incretins (GLP-1--glucagon-like-peptide-1 and GIP--glucose-dependent insulin tropic peptide), are natural hormones that contribute to glucose homeostasis by acting on the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, muscle and brain tissue. After secretion, GLP-1 and GIP are immediately metabolized by dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme (DPP IV), which limits their therapeutic use.


CONCLUSIONS
In order to achieve optimal glycemic control, by using the therapeutic effects of incretins, research has been directed to the development of synthetic analogues of GLP-1 resistant to DPP IV enzyme inactivation and DPP IV inhibitors.
Universităţii de Medicină şi Farmacie "Grigore T. Popa"--Iaşi.
Florentina Geanina
FG
Lupaşcu
Ioana Mirela
IM
Geangalău
Andreea
A
Pânzariu
Lenuţa
L
Profire
D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054795:Incretins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1