Potential uses of spent mushroom substrate and its associated lignocellulosic enzymes.
Mushroom industries generate a virtually in-exhaustible supply of a co-product called spent mushroom substrate (SMS). This is the unutilised substrate and the mushroom mycelium left after harvesting of mushrooms. As the mushroom industry is steadily growing, the volume of SMS generated annually is increasing. In recent years, the mushroom industry has faced challenges in storing and disposing the SMS. The obvious solution is to explore new applications of SMS. There has been considerable discussion recently about the potentials of using SMS for production of value-added products. One of them is production of lignocellulosic enzymes such as laccase, xylanase, lignin peroxidase, cellulase and hemicellulase. This paper reviews scientific research and practical applications of SMS as a readily available and cheap source of enzymes for bioremediation, animal feed and energy feedstock.
Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. phanchiawei@gmail.com
Chia-Wei
CW
Phan
Vikineswary
V
Sabaratnam
D000363:Agaricales / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis
D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014866:Waste Products; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D042845:Laccase; D010544:Peroxidases; C042858:lignin peroxidase; D002480:Cellulase