The association of inflammatory and fibrinolytic proteins with 5 year change in insulin clearance: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS).
OBJECTIVE
Insulin clearance may decline as an early mechanism compensating for deteriorating insulin sensitivity. However, no previous studies have investigated the association between subclinical inflammation or impaired fibrinolysis and insulin clearance. We examined the association between plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, leptin and fibrinogen and the progression of metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) over time.


METHODS
We studied 784 non-diabetic white, Hispanic and African-American individuals in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response and MCRI were determined from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. Inflammatory and fibrinolytic proteins were measured in fasting plasma at baseline.


RESULTS
MCRI had declined significantly by 29% at the 5-year follow-up. We observed a significant association between higher plasma PAI-1 levels and the decline in MCRI in multivariable-adjusted regression models (β = -0.045 [95% CI -0.081, -0.0091]). Higher plasma CRP and leptin levels were associated with a decline in MCRI in unadjusted models, but these associations were non-significant after adjusting for BMI and waist circumference (β = -0.016 [95% CI -0.041, 0.0083] for CRP; β = -0.044 [95% CI -0.10, 0.011] for leptin). A higher plasma TNF-α concentration was associated with a decline in MCRI in unadjusted (β = -0.071 [95% CI -0.14, -0.00087]) but not in multivariable-adjusted (β = -0.056 [95% CI -0.13, 0.017]) models. Plasma fibrinogen level was not associated with the change in MCRI.


CONCLUSIONS
We identified that higher plasma PAI-1 (but not CRP, TNF-α, leptin or fibrinogen) levels independently predicted the progressive decline of insulin clearance in the multiethnic cohort of the IRAS.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, FitzGerald Building, University of Toronto, 150 College St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E2.
C C
CC
Lee
C
C
Lorenzo
S M
SM
Haffner
L E
LE
Wagenknecht
A
A
Festa
M O
MO
Goodarzi
D
D
Stefanovski
N C
NC
Olson
J M
JM
Norris
M J
MJ
Rewers
A J
AJ
Hanley
D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D005340:Fibrinogen