Association of physical activity with all-cause mortality and incident and prevalent cardiovascular disease among patients with type 1 diabetes: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine the association of physical activity (PA) with all-cause mortality and incident and prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with type 1 diabetes.


METHODS
The EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study is a cohort including 3,250 male and female patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age 32.7 ± 10.2 years) from 16 European countries, of whom 1,880 participated in follow-up examinations. In analysis 1 (longitudinal), the association of baseline PA (based on the reported number of hours per week spent in mild, moderate and vigorous PA) with all-cause mortality and incident CVD was examined by performing survival analysis. In analysis 2 (cross-sectional), we focused on the association between PA at follow-up (data on sports, walking distance and regular bicycling) and prevalent CVD by performing logistic regression analysis. Adjustments were made for age, sex, BMI, smoking, consumption of alcohol, consumption of certain nutrients and diabetic complications.


RESULTS
Analysis 1 (longitudinal): participation in moderate or vigorous PA once a week or more was borderline inversely associated with all-cause mortality (men and women combined) (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.42, 1.03) and incident CVD (women only) (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.40, 1.08). No association was found in men. Analysis 2 (cross-sectional): total PA (indexed by sports, walking, bicycling) and distance walked were inversely associated with prevalent CVD (OR(totalPA) 0.66, 95% CI 0.45, 0.97; and OR(walking) 0.61, 95% CI 0.42, 0.89).


CONCLUSIONS
PA showed a borderline inverse association with both all-cause mortality (both sexes) and incident CVD (women only) in patients with type 1 diabetes. Since this is an under-researched clinical population, future longitudinal studies with objective PA measurements are needed to expand on these results.
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
S M A J
SM
Tielemans
S S
SS
Soedamah-Muthu
M
M
De Neve
M
M
Toeller
N
N
Chaturvedi
J H
JH
Fuller
E
E
Stamatakis
D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009043:Motor Activity; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult