Farmers' stress and coping in a time of drought.
BACKGROUND
Farmers as a group have unique attitudes, sources of stress and a heightened risk of suicide. In the context of a prolonged drought and associated stress and increased risk of mental-health problems, this study provides an insight into the levels of psychological distress experienced by different demographic groups within the Australian farming community. The study also addresses a significant gap in the literature by exploring ways in which this unique cohort copes and may better cope, with the inevitable challenges of life 'on the land'.


METHODS
A sample of 309 drought-affected South Australian farmers and their spouses (M=51.81, SD=11.69) completed questionnaires containing measures of psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale) and coping (situational version of the COPE) in response to a recent stressor.


RESULTS
There was<strong> </strong>no significant difference detected between the levels of distress reported by men and women. Younger farmers (25-54 years) were experiencing significantly higher levels of distress than those in the 55-64 age group but not those aged 65-74 years. The most commonly employed coping strategies were <em>planning</em>, <em>acceptance</em> and <em>active coping</em> and least used were <em>alcohol/drug use</em>, <em>denial</em>, <em>behavioural disengagement</em> and <em>religion</em>. Gender, age-group and the type of stressor (ie farm related, non-farm related, combination) were found to affect farmers' choice of some coping strategies. A multiple regression analysis suggested that behavioural disengagement<em> </em>(&&num;946;=.28, <em>p</em> < .05),<em> suppression of competing activities </em>(&&num;946;= .20, <em>p <</em> .05)<em>, venting </em>(&&num;946;= .18, <em>p</em> < .05)<em>, </em><em>alcohol/drug use </em>(&&num;946;= .18, <em>p < </em>.05)<em>, </em>and <em>mental disengagement </em>(&&num;946;=.12, <em>p </em>< .05) all significantly and positively predicted distress in this population, collectively accounting for 34.6% of the variance.


CONCLUSIONS
This study offers a rare examination of farmers' psychological distress and coping in a time of drought. The results demonstrate that in this unique context it is erroneous to assume the universality of models of coping that have been validated in other samples. The results provide for the development of tailored interventions to help farmers cope more effectively during future times of drought.
School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. kate.gunn@adelaide.edu.au
Kate M
KM
Gunn
Lisa J
LJ
Kettler
Gemma L A
GL
Skaczkowski
Deborah A
DA
Turnbull
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000383:Agriculture; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055864:Droughts; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013021:South Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce