Co-occurring psychosocial problems and HIV risk among women attending drinking venues in a South African township: a syndemic approach.
BACKGROUND
In South Africa, women comprise the majority of HIV infections. Syndemics, or co-occurring epidemics and risk factors, have been applied in understanding HIV risk among marginalized groups.


OBJECTIVE
The purposes of this study are to apply the syndemic framework to examine psychosocial problems that co-occur among women attending drinking venues in South Africa and to test how the co-occurrence of these problems may exacerbate risk for HIV infection.


METHODS
Five hundred sixty women from a Cape Town township provided data on multiple psychosocial problems, including food insufficiency, depression, abuse experiences, problem drinking, and sexual behaviors.


RESULTS
Bivariate associations among the syndemic factors showed a high degree of co-occurrence and regression analyses showed an additive effect of psychosocial problems on HIV risk behaviors.


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate the utility of a syndemic framework to understand co-occurring psychosocial problems among women in South Africa. HIV prevention interventions should consider the compounding effects of psychosocial problems among women.
Center for Health, Intervention and Prevention, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Rd, Unit 1248, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA. eileen.v.pitpitan@gmail.com
Eileen V
EV
Pitpitan
Seth C
SC
Kalichman
Lisa A
LA
Eaton
Demetria
D
Cain
Kathleen J
KJ
Sikkema
Melissa H
MH
Watt
Donald
D
Skinner
Desiree
D
Pieterse
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology*; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology