Role of amniotic fluid mesenchymal cells engineered on MgHA/collagen-based scaffold allotransplanted on an experimental animal study of sinus augmentation.
OBJECTIVE
The present research has been performed to evaluate whether a commercial magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite (MgHA)/collagen-based scaffold engineered with ovine amniotic fluid mesenchymal cells (oAFMC) could improve bone regeneration process in vivo.


METHODS
Bilateral sinus augmentation was performed on eight adult sheep in order to compare the tissue regeneration process at 45 and 90 days after implantation of the oAFMC-engineered scaffold (Test Group) or of the scaffold alone (Ctr Group). The process of tissue remodeling was analyzed through histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analyses by calculating the proliferation index (PI) of oAFMC loaded on the scaffold, the total vascular area (VA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels within the grafted area.


RESULTS
MgHA/collagen-based scaffold showed high biocompatibility preserving the survival of oAFMC for 90 days in grafted sinuses. The use of oAFMC increased bone deposition and stimulated a more rapid angiogenic reaction, thus probably supporting the higher cell PI recorded in cell-treated sinuses. A significantly higher VEGF expression (Test vs. Ctr Group; p = 0.0004) and a larger total VA (p = 0.0006) were detected in the Test Group at 45 days after surgery. The PI was significantly higher (p = 0.027) at 45 days and became significantly lower at 90 days (p = 0.0007) in the Test Group sinuses, while the PI recorded in the Ctr Group continued to increase resulting to a significantly higher PI at day 90 (CTR day 45 vs. CTR day 90; p = 0.022).


CONCLUSIONS
The osteoinductive effect of a biomimetic commercial scaffold may be significantly improved by the presence of oAFMC.


CONCLUSIONS
The amniotic fluid mesenchymal cell (AFMC) may represent a novel, largely and easily accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells to develop cell-based therapy for maxillofacial surgery.
Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
Paolo
P
Berardinelli
Luca
L
Valbonetti
Aurelio
A
Muttini
Alessandra
A
Martelli
Renato
R
Peli
Vincenzo
V
Zizzari
Delia
D
Nardinocchi
Michele Podaliri
MP
Vulpiani
Stefano
S
Tetè
Barbara
B
Barboni
Adriano
A
Piattelli
Mauro
M
Mattioli
D064591:Allografts; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D023421:Models, Animal; D010012:Osteogenesis; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D017886:Durapatite; D008274:Magnesium