Caudal epidural anti-nociception using lidocaine, bupivacaine or their combination in cows undergoing reproductive procedures.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the anti-nociceptive effects of lidocaine, lidocaine-bupivacaine combination or bupivacaine following caudal epidural administration in cows undergoing reproductive procedures.


METHODS
Blinded, randomized experimental study.


METHODS
Thirty seven healthy Holstein cows (mean weight ± SD, 633 ± 41 kg).


METHODS
Animals were allocated randomly to receive one of four treatments: group LID, 0.2 mg kg(-1) lidocaine 2%; group LID-BUP, lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture in a 1:1 volume ratio (0.1 mg kg(-1) and 0.025 mg kg(-1), respectively); group BUP-LD, 0.05 mg kg(-1) bupivacaine 0.5%; and group BUP-HD, 0.06 mg kg(-1) bupivacaine 0.5%. The onset and duration of perineal anti-nociception were determined using superficial and deep pin pricks and the number of cows with complete perineal anti-nociception was recorded. Parameters were compared using anova followed by Duncan's test where relevant.


RESULTS
Mean ± SD time to onset of anti-nociception following epidural administration of BUP-LD was significantly longer than for LID-BUP (p < 0.05). The duration (in minutes) of perineal anti-nociception was significantly longer following epidural administration of BUP-HD (247 ± 31) versus LID-BUP (181 ± 33) and LID (127 ± 25) minutes respectively. The % of cows with complete anti-nociception was increased in the group treated with BUP-HD compared to BUP-LD. Severe ataxia or recumbency did not occur in any groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Epidurally administered bupivacaine, at a dose of 0.06 mg kg(-1), may provide satisfactory caudal epidural anti-nociception for longer-duration obstetric and surgical procedures.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. nv1340@shirazu.ac.ir
Nasser
N
Vesal
Mohammadrahim
M
Ahmadi
Mehrzad
M
Foroud
Hadi
H
Imani
D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000662:veterinary*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D010118:Oxytetracycline; D002045:Bupivacaine