title: A new informant-based questionnaire for instrumental activities of daily living in dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interference in everyday functioning is part of the diagnostic criteria for dementia. Questionnaires measuring "instrumental activities of daily living" (IADL) are used to measure this interference, but the psychometric quality of these questionnaires is often questioned. In addition, these questionnaires are less suited for early-onset patients. This is problematic, given the high frequency of relatively young patients in memory clinics. In this article, we describe the development and psychometric properties of a new informant-based IADL questionnaire aimed at detecting incipient dementia and appropriate for a broad age range.
  
  
  METHODS
  We defined IADL in consensus with experts and constructed items based on existing items and suggestions from experts and informants. Informants of subjects (n = 206) who visited the Alzheimer Center of the VU University Medical Center completed the questionnaire. Factor structure was investigated using classical exploratory factor analysis and item response theory. We assessed test-retest reliability in 73 informants using weighted κ values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire consisted of 75 items and was computerized to enhance ease of administration. Exploratory factor analysis supported a single-factor model, with 48.3% of the variance being explained by the first factor. We removed five items, as they did not fit the model. High internal consistency was demonstrated. Test-retest reliability showed that the majority of items (87.9%) had substantial-to-almost perfect κ values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire (Amsterdam IADL questionnaire is a registered trademark of Alzheimer Center VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) is a 70-item informant-based computerized questionnaire aimed at detecting early dementia and early-onset dementia. Initial results show that this questionnaire is a promising new tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.sikkes@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Sietske A M
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sikkes
authors.forename: Elly S M
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: de Lange-de Klerk
authors.forename: Yolande A L
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Pijnenburg
authors.forename: Freek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gillissen
authors.forename: Rolinka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romkes
authors.forename: Dirk L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Knol
authors.forename: Bernard M J
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Uitdehaag
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheltens
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires