title: Final 192-week efficacy and safety of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir compared with lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve patients in the ARTEMIS trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents the final analysis of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) vs. lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  ARTEMIS (AntiRetroviral Therapy with TMC114 ExaMined In naïve Subjects; NCT00258557) was a randomized, open-label, phase-III, 192-week trial. Patients were stratified by baseline HIV-1 RNA and CD4 count, and randomized to once-daily DRV/r 800/100 mg or LPV/r 800/200 mg total daily dose (either once or twice daily) plus tenofovir/emtricitabine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 689 randomized patients receiving treatment (DRV/r: 343; LPV/r: 346), 85 and 114 patients in the DRV/r and LPV/r arms, respectively, had discontinued by week 192. Noninferiority was shown in the primary endpoint of virological response (HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL) [DRV/r: 68.8%; LPV/r: 57.2%; P < 0.001; intent to treat (ITT)/time to loss of virological response; estimated difference in response 11.6% (95% confidence interval 4.4-18.8%)]. Statistical superiority in virological response of DRV/r over LPV/r was demonstrated for the primary endpoint (P = 0.002) and for the ITT non-virological-failure-censored analysis (87.4% vs. 80.8%, respectively; P = 0.040). No protease inhibitor (PI) primary mutations developed and only low levels of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance developed in virological failures in both groups. Significantly fewer discontinuations because of adverse events were observed with DRV/r (4.7%) than with LPV/r (12.7%; P = 0.005). Grade 2-4 treatment-related diarrhoea was significantly less frequent with DRV/r than with LPV/r (5.0% vs. 11.3%, respectively; P = 0.003). DRV/r was associated with smaller median increases in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than LPV/r. Changes in low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar between groups. Similar increases in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase for DRV/r and LPV/r were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over 192 weeks, once-daily DRV/r was noninferior and statistically superior in virological response to LPV/r, with a more favourable gastrointestinal profile, demonstrating its suitability for long-term use in treatment-naïve patients.
authors.affiliation: Barts and The London NHS Trust, London, UK. chloe.orkin@bartsandthelondon.nhs.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orkin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: DeJesus
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khanlou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stoehr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Supparatpinyo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lathouwers
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Opsomer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van de Casteele
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D000069454:Darunavir; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D061466:Lopinavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D013449:Sulfonamides; D061466:Lopinavir; D019438:Ritonavir; D000069454:Darunavir