title: A unique galectin signature in human prostate cancer progression suggests galectin-1 as a key target for treatment of advanced disease.
abstract: Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins, influence tumor progression by modulating interactions between tumor, endothelial, stromal, and immune cells. Despite considerable progress in identifying the roles of individual galectins in tumor biology, an integrated portrait of the galectin network in different tumor microenvironments is still missing. We undertook this study to analyze the "galectin signature" of the human prostate cancer microenvironment with the overarching goal of selecting novel-molecular targets for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. In examining androgen-responsive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells and primary tumors representing different stages of the disease, we found that galectin-1 (Gal-1) was the most abundantly expressed galectin in prostate cancer tissue and was markedly upregulated during disease progression. In contrast, all other galectins were expressed at lower levels: Gal-3, -4, -9, and -12 were downregulated during disease evolution, whereas expression of Gal-8 was unchanged. Given the prominent regulation of Gal-1 during prostate cancer progression and its predominant localization at the tumor-vascular interface, we analyzed the potential role of this endogenous lectin in prostate cancer angiogenesis. In human prostate cancer tissue arrays, Gal-1 expression correlated with the presence of blood vessels, particularly in advanced stages of the disease. Silencing Gal-1 in prostate cancer cells reduced tumor vascularization without altering expression of other angiogenesis-related genes. Collectively, our findings identify a dynamically regulated "galectin-specific signature" that accompanies disease evolution in prostate cancer, and they highlight a major role for Gal-1 as a tractable target for antiangiogenic therapy in advanced stages of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Glicómica Estructural y Funcional, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. diegoladerach@qb.fcen.uba.ar
authors.forename: Diego J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Laderach
authors.forename: Lucas D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gentilini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giribaldi
authors.forename: Victor Cardenas
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nugnes
authors.forename: Diego O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Croci
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al Nakouzi
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sacca
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shipp
authors.forename: Elba
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chauchereau
authors.forename: Jeffery L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kutok
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rodig
authors.forename: María T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Elola
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Compagno
authors.forename: Gabriel A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rabinovich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D059467:Transcriptome; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D037483:Galectin 1