title: Effectiveness of abbreviated CBT for insomnia in psychiatric outpatients: sleep and depression outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy of cogntive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) as a supplement treatment for psychiatric outpatients. Comorbid insomnia is prevalent among individuals with varied psychiatric disorders and evidence indicates that CBT-I may be effective for reducing insomnia and other psychiatric symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study randomly assigned 30 psychiatric outpatients (mean duration of treatment = 3.6 years) with low sleep quality and residual depressive symptoms to two sessions of CBT-I or a treatment as usual control group. Assessment included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for insomnia and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression at pretreatment and 4 and 8 weeks posttreatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who received CBT-I demonstrated within group changes in PSQI and the PHQ-9 scores at both 4 and 8 weeks posttreatment, but did not show between-group differences. Additionally, 38% of the treatment participants achieved normal sleep at follow-up compared with none in the control condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides preliminary evidence that abbreviated behavioral treatment has beneficial effects on residual insomnia and depression in long-term psychiatric outpatients.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia.
authors.forename: J Nile
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wagley
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rybarczyk
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Nay
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danish
authors.forename: Hannah G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Lund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000379:methods*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CBT; Depression; Insomnia