title: Fear of pain in the context of intensive pain rehabilitation among children and adolescents with neuropathic pain: associations with treatment response.
abstract: Recent research has implicated pain-related fear in relation to functional outcomes in children with chronic pain. The current study examined fear of pain, disability, and depression within the context of an intensive pain rehabilitation program. One hundred forty-five children and adolescents who participated in an intensive interdisciplinary pediatric pain rehabilitation day program were assessed in this study. Patients completed measures of pain intensity, pain-related fears, functional disability, and depressive symptoms at admission, discharge, and on average, 2 months postdischarge. After controlling for pain intensity, pain-related fear was significantly related to disability and depressive symptoms at all time points. As predicted, a decline in pain-related fear was significantly associated with a decrease in disability and depressive symptoms. Interestingly, high levels of pain-related fears at admission predicted less reduction in functional disability and depression at discharge, suggesting that high levels of pain-related fear may be a risk factor in relation to treatment outcomes. Overall, results indicate that the relationship between fear of pain and changes in disability and depressive symptoms are closely linked, with fear of pain playing an important role in treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper presents results underscoring the importance of pain-related fear in relation to treatment response for children and adolescents with chronic pain. These findings support the need to develop and implement interventions that target reductions in pain-related fear.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston & Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Laura.Simons@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kaczynski
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: Deirdre E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Logan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001244:Association; D002648:Child; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome