title: The UREThRAL stricture score: A novel method for describing anterior urethral strictures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  : Urethral stricture description is not standardized. This makes surgical decision-making less reproducible and increases the difficulty of objectively analyzing urethroplasty literature. We developed a standardized system, the UREThRAL stricture score (USS), to quantify the characteristics of anterior urethral stricture disease based on preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  : To develop the USS, we retrospectively analyzed 95 consecutive patients with urethral strictures who underwent open urethroplasty by a single surgeon (SBB) at Barnes-Jewish Hospital from 2009 to 2011. The USS is a numerical score based on five components of anterior urethral stricture disease that help dictate operative decision-making: (1) (UR)ethral stricture (E)tiology; (2) (T) otal number of strictures; (3) (R)etention (luminal obliteration); (4) (A)natomic location; and (5) (L)ength. Stricture management was categorized by increasing surgical complexity: excision/primary anastomosis (EPA), buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty (BMG), augmented anastomotic urethroplasty (AAU), flap urethroplasty, and a combination of flaps and/or grafts. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to compare USS to surgical complexity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : The mean USS for EPA, BMG, AAU, flap, and combination flaps/grafts was 5.78, 8.82, 9.23, 11.01, and 14.97, respectively. Increasing USS was significantly associated with surgical complexity (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : The USS describes the essential factors in determining surgical treatment selection for urethral stricture disease. The USS is a concise, easily applicable system that delineates the clinically significant features of urethral strictures. Valuable comparison of anterior urethral stricture treatments in clinical practice and in the urological literature could be facilitated by using this novel UREThRAL stricture score.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Lucas R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wiegand
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Brandes