title: Exploiting genes and functional diversity of chlorogenic acid and luteolin biosyntheses in Lonicera japonica and their substitutes.
abstract: Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) and luteolin are active compounds in Lonicera japonica, a plant of high medicinal value in traditional Chinese medicine. This study provides a comprehensive overview of gene families involved in chlorogenic acid and luteolin biosynthesis in L. japonica, as well as its substitutes Lonicera hypoglauca and Lonicera macranthoides. The gene sequence feature and gene expression patterns in various tissues and buds of the species were characterized. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 14 chlorogenic acid and luteolin biosynthesis-related genes were identified from the L. japonica transcriptome assembly. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the function of individual gene could be differentiation and induce active compound diversity. Their orthologous genes were also recognized in L. hypoglauca and L. macranthoides genomic datasets, except for LHCHS1 and LMC4H2. The expression patterns of these genes are different in the tissues of L. japonica, L. hypoglauca and L. macranthoides. Results also showed that CGAs were controlled in the first step of biosynthesis, whereas both steps controlled luteolin in the bud of L. japonica. The expression of LJFNS2 exhibited positive correlation with luteolin levels in L. japonica. This study provides significant information for understanding the functional diversity of gene families involved in chlorogenic acid and the luteolin biosynthesis, active compound diversity of L. japonica and its substitutes, and the different usages of the three species.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Zhouyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Xumin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. Electronic address: huangluqi@163.net.
authors.forename: Luqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D031239:Lonicera / Q000235:genetics*; D047311:Luteolin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D047311:Luteolin
keywords: Chlorogenic acid; DNA; DP; Gene expression; Honeysuckle; Luteolin; ORF; Othologous genes; PCR; RACE; RNA; Selaginella pulvinta; Sp; TPP; TPS; cDNA; complementary DNA; degenerate primer; deoxyribonucleic acids; open reading frame; polymerase chain reaction; raid amplification of cDNA ends; ribonucleic acids; trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase; trehalose-6-phosphate synthase; trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene