title: Measurement of affective and activity pain interference using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI): Cancer and Leukemia Group B 70903.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was designed to yield separate scores for pain intensity and interference. It has been proposed that the pain interference factor can be further broken down into unique factors of affective (e.g., mood) and activity (e.g., work) interference. The purpose of this analysis was to confirm this affective/activity interference dichotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective confirmatory factor analysis was completed for a sample of 184 individuals diagnosed with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (age 40-86, mean = 65.46, 77% White non-Hispanic) who had been administered the BPI as part of Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial 9480. A one-factor model was compared against two-factor and three-factor models that were developed based on the design of the instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Root mean squared error of approximation (0.075), comparative fit index (0.971), and change in chi-square, given the corresponding change in degrees of freedom (13.33, P < 0.05) values for the three-factor model (i.e., pain intensity, activity interference, and affective interference), were statistically superior in comparison with the one- and two-factor models. This three-factor structure was found to be invariant across age, mean prostate-specific antigen, and hemoglobin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm that the BPI can be used to quantify the degree to which pain separately interferes with affective and activity aspects of a patient's everyday life. These findings will provide clinical trialists, pharmaceutical sponsors, and regulators with confidence in the flexibility of the BPI as they consider the use of this instrument to assist with understanding the patient experience as it relates to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Ave., 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022, USA. atkinsot@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halabi
authors.forename: Antonia V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rogak
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sit
authors.forename: Yuelin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Basch
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D013498:Suramin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013498:Suramin