title: Clinical characteristics and predictors of progression of chronic kidney disease in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a single center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal disease. The course and progression of the disease is highly variable. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of clinical characteristics and basic biochemical parameters on progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in ADPKD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 323 consecutive patients with ADPKD were enrolled into the study and followed with a mean duration of 100 ± 38 months. Patients were grouped as rapid progressors (RP) and slow progressors (SP) according to median rates of decline in glomerular filtration rate (ΔGFR) per year, namely 1 ml/min/year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  History of macroscopic hematuria, urinary stone and smoking were more common in male patients; hepatic and other organ cysts were more common in female patients. ∆GFR/year was similar between males and females [0.95 (0-3.02) vs. 1.11 (0.10-2.74) ml/min/year, p = 0.21]. History of smoking and pack-year of cigarettes smoked were significantly higher in the RP compared to the SP group (36 vs. 18%, p = 0.01 and 5.24 ± 1.20 vs. 3 ± 1.32 pack-year, p = 0.02, respectively). Baseline 24 h-proteinuria was found to be significantly correlated with the percent decline of GFR (∆%GFR) per year (r = 0.303, 0.001). In Cox regression analysis for predicting the progression of CKD, age, hypertension, urinary stone and proteinuria were retained as the significant independent factors predicting progression of CKD in the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline proteinuria was significantly correlated with ∆%GFR per year. Hypertension and proteinuria were found to be the major treatable risk factors for the progression of CKD in ADPKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34106, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozkok
authors.forename: Timur Selcuk
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Akpinar
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tufan
authors.forename: Nilufer Alpay
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kanitez
authors.forename: Mukremin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Metban
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guzel
authors.forename: Yasar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Caliskan
authors.forename: Sabahat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alisir
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Tevfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ecder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000150:complications*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors