title: Dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary patterns in Western populations have been linked to type 2 diabetes, but the association of distinctive dietary patterns of Japanese population remains unclear. We prospectively investigated the association between dietary patterns and risk of developing type 2 diabetes among Japanese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 27, 816 men and 36,889 women aged 45-74 years who participated in the second survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study and had no history of diabetes. Dietary patterns were derived by using principal component analysis of the consumption of 134 food and beverage items ascertained by a food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios of self-reported physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes over 5 year were estimated using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1194 new cases (692 men and 502 women) of type 2 diabetes were self-reported. We identified three dietary patterns: prudent, westernized and traditional Japanese patterns. Any dietary pattern was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes risk after adjustment for covariates in both men and women. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for type 2 diabetes for the highest versus lowest quartile of each dietary pattern score in men and women, respectively, were 0.93 (0.74-1.16) and 0.90 (0.69-1.16) for the prudent pattern, 1.15 (0.90-1.46) and 0.81 (0.61-1.08) for the westernized pattern, and 0.97 (0.74-1.27) and 0.87 (0.66-1.15) for the traditional pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a small protective effect of the prudent dietary pattern cannot be excluded, dietary patterns may not be appreciably associated with type 2 diabetes risk in Japanese.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. nanri@ri.ncgm.go.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimazu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takachi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsugane
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012727:Sex Characteristics