title: Human quadrupedalism is not an epiphenomenon caused by neurodevelopmental malformation and ataxia.
abstract: Two cases with quadrupedal locomotion (QL) were presented. In both cases, cognitive and psychiatric functions were normal and, no neurological deficits were observed, except for a sequel paralysis of left leg in Case 2. It was suggested that human QL (1) should not be considered as an epiphenomenon caused by neurodevelopmental malformation and ataxia, but (2) may be considered as a re-emergence of the ancestral diagonal QL, and (3) it may spontaneously emerge in humans with entirely normal brains, by taking advantage of neural networks such as central pattern generators that have been preserved for about 400 million years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Adana Teaching and Medical Research Center, Başkent University Medical School Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: Meliha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Uner
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tan
keywords: Uner Tan syndrome; evolution; neural networks; quadrupedalism; self-organization