title: Prevalence of hyperinsulinism, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome among Saudi overweight and obese pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity and overweight among children and adolescents is increasing at an alarming rate, which lead to the increase in the incidence of their related co-morbidities. Our objectives are to establish the following: 1) the prevalence of hyperinsulinism among overweight and obese pediatric patients. 2) The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among those with hyperinsulinism. 3) The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components among T2DM pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional study conducted on overweight and obese pediatric patients attending the pediatrics diabetes clinic at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from 2006 to 2010. Serum insulin level was measured for 387 patients (ages from 2 to 18 years). Those with hyperinsulinism underwent further investigations to assess the prevalence of T2DM and the prevalence of MS among T2DM patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of hyperinsulinism and T2DM were 44.7%, and 9.04%, respectively. Among children and adolescents with T2DM, 62.86% had a body mass index BMI≥85th percentile, 37.14% had a BMI ≥ 95th percentile, 14.29% had MS, 34.29% were hypertensive and 28.57% had dyslipidemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity and its co-morbidities were prevalent among Saudi pediatric patients. We recommend preventing excessive weight gain through the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, family educational seminars and the reinforcement of indoor exercises.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. aagha@kau.edu.sa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Agha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ocheltree
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shata
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology