title: A pilot study on water pollution and characterization of multidrug-resistant superbugs from Byramangala tank, Ramanagara district, Karnataka, India.
abstract: Urbanization and industrialization has increased the strength and qualities of municipal sewage in Bangalore, India. The disposal of sewage into natural water bodies became a serious issue. Byramangala reservoir is one such habitat enormously polluted in South India. The water samples were collected from four hotspots of Byramangala tank in 3 months. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and bacterial counts were determined. The fecal coliforms were identified by morphological, physiological, and biochemical studies. The antibiotics sensitivity profiling of isolated bacteria were further carried out. We have noticed that a high content of BOD in the tank in all the 3 months. The total and fecal counts were found to be varied from 1.6 × 10(6) to 8.2 × 10(6) colony forming unit/ml and >5,500/100 ml, respectively. The variations in BOD and total count were found to be statistically significant at p > 0.05. Many pathogenic bacteria were characterized and most of them were found to be multidrug resistant. Salmonella showed resistance to cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefixime, moxifloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, co-trimoxazole, levofloxacin, trimethoprim, and ceftazidime. Escherichia coli showed resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole, rifampicin, and nitrofurantoin while Enterobacter showed resistant to ampicillin, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and cefotaxime. Klebsiella and Shigella exhibited multiple drug resistance to conventional antibiotics. Staphylococcus showed resistance to vancomycin, methicillin, oxacillin, and tetracycline. Furthermore, Salmonella and Klebsiella are on the verge of acquiring resistance to even the strongest carbapenems-imipenem and entrapenem. Present study revealed that Byramanagala tank has become a cesspool of multidrug-resistant "superbugs" and will be major health concern in South Bangalore, India.
authors.affiliation: R & D Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560-078, Karnataka, India. sinoshskariya@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sinosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Skariyachan
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lokesh
authors.forename: Reshma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Arushi Umesh
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Kiran S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Vasist
authors.forename: Rajeswari
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narayanappa
mesh_terms: D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D007194:India; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants