title: Dry powder inhalation exposures of the endotracheally intubated rat lung, ex vivo and in vivo: the pulmonary pharmacokinetics of fluticasone furoate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The isolated perfused rat lung (IPL) is a suitable model for studying lung-specific pharmacokinetics (PK) of inhaled drugs. So far, little has been known, however, whether the PK measured in the ex vivo organ corresponds to the PK measured in similarly exposed animals in vivo, in particular the endotracheally intubated rat (EIR). The purpose of the current research was to compare the PK of inhaled corticosteroid fluticasone furoate (FF) in the IPL and the EIR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aerosols of FF with mass median aerodynamic diameters ranging from 2.2 to 3.2 μm were generated with the DustGun aerosol generator. The IPL, perfused in the single-pass mode, was exposed via inhalation to 5.6 and 46 μg of FF. Following inhalation, the perfusate was repeatedly sampled for 100 min, after which the lungs were recovered for quantitation of remaining FF. Two groups of EIR were also exposed via inhalation to 7 μg of FF. One group was immediately euthanized for determination of the initial deposition of FF in the lungs. From the second group, four venous blood samples were drawn up to 4 hr after exposure. The animals were then sacrificed for determination of FF remaining in the lungs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following inhalation, FF was slowly disappearing from both the IPL and the lungs of the EIR, with a half-life of pulmonary retention of 4.3-4.9 hr for all three exposure series. For the low exposure levels, the concentration curve of FF in the IPL perfusate was similar in shape to that in venous blood of the EIR, with a Cmax of 1.0 and 0.8 nM for the IPL and the EIR, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the IPL and the EIR, when used jointly in PK studies, can provide a detailed characterization of inhaled drugs or toxicants.
authors.affiliation: Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Selg
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.forename: Carl-Olof
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Sjöberg
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryrfeldt
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerde
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000336:Aerosols; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010316:Particle Size; D010477:Perfusion; D011208:Powders; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000336:Aerosols; D000730:Androstadienes; D011208:Powders; C523187:fluticasone furoate