title: Association of physical activity with insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolytic biomarkers among population at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  TO investigate the association of physical activity with insulin resistance and biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis in a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 778 subjects from the Risk factors in Impaired Glucose Tolerance for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) study aged 40-70 years were included in the present cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants classified as having low physical activity (PA) were more insulin resistant in comparison to participants with medium (P = 0.042) and high PA (P = 0.015). Individuals with high physical activity had a significantly lower leucocytes count than individuals with low PA (P = 0.027) and significantly lower hs-CRP and fibrinogen concentrations than individuals with medium (P = 0.011 and P = 0.021) and low physical activity (P = 0.04 and P = 0.007). Although a trend towards a decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) levels with increasing physical activity was present, significant differences were observed only between subjects with high and medium physical activity (P = 0.045 and P = 0.033). In multivariate regression analyses physical activity was an independent determinant of insulin resistance, leucocytes count, hs-CRP, and fibrinogen concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical activity was independently associated with insulin resistance and biomarkers of inflammation, whereas only a tendency towards decreased concentrations of coagulation and fibrinolytic biomarkers with increasing physical activity was observed.
authors.affiliation: Medicobiological Unit, International Scientific Institute, National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria tsvetan.stefanov@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tsvetan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stefanov
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Temelkova-Kurktschiev
authors.forename: Carsta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Henkel
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schaper
authors.forename: Markolf
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanefeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator