title: Comparison of four different analgesic discogram protocols comparing the incidence of reported pain relief following local anesthetic injection into concordantly painful lumbar intervertebral discs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the incidence of pain relief following injection of local anesthetic (LA) into lumbar discs that caused concordant pain during provocation testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective collected data review from two centers and compare with published results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared subjective reported pain relief following provocative testing using the following protocols at three separate facilities: 23 patients undergoing routine provocative discography using contrast alone (PD); 47 patients undergoing provocative discography performed using an equal combination of LA and contrast (CPD); 120 patients injected with LA following routine PD (ADPD); 33 patients undergoing stand-alone analgesic discography (SAAD); and 28 patients injected with LA through a catheter (FAD) placed during provocative discogaphy testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pressure-controlled PD showed a positive response rate of 34% per disc in patients with a clinical diagnosis of discogenic pain. None of the PD group without LA had pain relief and less than 10% of the CPD group reported pain relief. Forty percent of the SAAD group with positive pain reproduction reported ≥50% relief and 20% reporting ≥80% relief. Forty-six percent of the ADPD group reported ≥50% relief and 30% reporting ≥80% relief. The FAD group had a greater 80% patients reporting ≥50% pain relief although fewer 26% reporting more convincing ≥80% relief.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If the criterion standard to confirm painful annular tears is concordant pain provocation and 80% or greater pain relief following LA injected into lumbar discs, the SAAD, ADPD, and FAD protocols show statistically similar 20% to 30% prevelance.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Diagnostics and Treatment Center, Daly City, CA 94015, USA. rderby@spinaldiagnostics.com
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Derby
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Aprill
authors.forename: Jeong-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: DePalma
authors.forename: Ray M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000379:methods; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009485:Neuroradiography / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003287:Contrast Media