title: Histologic effects of intentional-socket-assisted orthodontic movement in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an intentionally created socket on bone remodeling with orthodontic tooth movement in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen male rabbits weighing 3.8 - 4.25 kg were used. An 8-mm deep and 2-mm wide socket was drilled in the bone 1 mm mesial to the right mandibular first premolar. The left first premolar was extracted to serve as an extraction socket. A traction force of 100 cN was applied to the right first premolar and left second premolar. Sections were obtained at the middle third of the moving tooth for both the drilled and extraction sockets and evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analyses. The amount of tooth movement and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell count were compared between the 2 groups using the Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At week 2, the distance of tooth movement was significantly higher in the intentional socket group (p < 0.05) than in the extraction socket group. The number of TRAP-positive cells decreased in week 2 but increased in week 3 (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the groups. Furthermore, results of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β staining revealed no significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intentional socket group showed greater distance of tooth movement than did the extraction socket group at week 2. Osteoclast counts and results of immunohistochemical analyses suggested elevated bone remodeling in both the groups. Thus, osteotomy may be an effective modality for enhancing tooth movement in orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayome
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoon-Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kook
keywords: Accelerated tooth movement; Bone remodeling; Intentional socket