title: Detection of obstructive sleep apnoea by an electronic nose.
abstract: Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is technically demanding, cost-intensive and time-consuming. The measurement of volatile organic compounds by an electronic nose is an innovative method that determines distinct molecular patterns of exhaled breath in different patient groups. We addressed the following questions: What is the diagnostic accuracy of an electronic nose in the detection of OSAS and the ability to detect effects of standard therapy in patients with OSAS? Are these results related to changes in distinct markers of airway inflammation and extracellular remodelling? We included 40 OSAS patients and 20 healthy controls. Exhaled breath of all participants was analysed using the Cyranose 320 electronic nose. Pharyngeal washings were performed to sample the upper airway compartment. For statistical analysis linear discriminant analysis was employed. We identified a linear discriminant function separating OSAS from control (p<0.0001). The corresponding area under the receiver-operating curve was 0.85 (95% CI 0.75-0.96; sensitivity 0.93 and specificity 0.7). In pharyngeal washing fluids of OSAS patients, we observed higher levels of α1-antitrypsin and markers of extracellular remodelling compared to controls. The electronic nose can distinguish between OSAS patients and controls with high accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Medicine, University of Marburg, University Hospital of Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany. greulich@med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Timm
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Greulich
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hattesohl
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grabisch
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koepke
authors.forename: Severin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noeske
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nell
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wencker
authors.forename: Rudolf A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jörres
authors.forename: Claus Franz
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Vogelmeier
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: Andreas Rembert
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Koczulla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D056151:Airway Remodeling; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D062609:Electronic Nose; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds