title: Update on Turner and Noonan syndromes.
abstract: Turner syndrome (TS) and Noonan syndrome (NS) have short stature as a constant feature; however, both conditions can present clinicians with a challenging array of genetic, cardiovascular, developmental, and psychosocial issues. In recent years, important advances have been achieved in each of these areas. This article reviews these two syndromes and provides updates on recent developments in diagnostic evaluation, growth and development, psychological issues, and treatment options for patients with TS and NS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chacko
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Graber
authors.forename: Molly O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Regelmann
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wallach
authors.forename: Gertrude
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costin
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rapaport
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009634:Noonan Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016649:Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013006:Growth Hormone