title: Defeating inhibition of regeneration by scar and myelin components.
abstract: Axon regeneration and the sprouting processes that underlie plasticity are blocked by inhibitory factors in the central nervous system (CNS) environment, several of which are upregulated after injury. The major inhibitory molecules are those associated with myelin and those associated with the glial scar. In myelin, NogoA, MAG, and OMgp are present on normal oligodendrocytes and on myelin debris. They act partly via the Nogo receptor, partly via an unidentified amino-Nogo receptor. In the glial scar, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, semaphorins, and the formation of a collagen-based membrane are all inhibitory. Methods to counteract these forms of inhibition have been identified, and these treatments promote axon regeneration in the damaged spinal cord, and in some cases recovery of function through enhanced plasticity.
authors.affiliation: Cambridge University Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge, UK. jf108@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fawcett
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montani
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brazda
authors.forename: Hans Werner
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D009185:Myelin Proteins