title: Incidence of venous thromboembolism after minimally invasive surgery in patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism among patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for endometrial cancer, and to characterize risk factors associated with the development of venous thromboembolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer who were scheduled to undergo a planned minimally invasive surgery procedure from May 1, 2007 to December 31, 2010 were identified. The incidence of symptomatic postoperative venous thromboembolism was estimated in the patients who did not require conversion to laparotomy. Various clinicopathologic variables were tested for an association with the development of a postoperative venous thromboembolism using standard statistical tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 573 cases were identified. Postoperative low molecular weight heparin was administered to 125 (22%) patients during their immediate postoperative hospital stay. All patients had sequential compression devices placed intraoperatively. Seven (1.2%) patients had development of a symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The factors associated with development of a postoperative venous thromboembolism were: body mass index (BMI) (P=.005); estimated blood loss (P=.03); and operative time (P=.01). A high-risk group was determined to be patients with BMIs of 40 or higher and an operative time of 180 minutes or more. In this group, the incidence of venous thromboembolism was 9.5% (4 of 42) compared with 0.6% (3 of 531) in all others (P=.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer undergoing minimally invasive surgery is very low. There appears to be no clear justification for the routine use of a heparin for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in the majority of these patients. Thromboprophylaxis with heparin, however, may be a consideration in morbidly obese patients (BMI of 40 or higher) after a procedure that lasts 3 hours or more.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gynecology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Samith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandadi
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Ginger J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Nadeem R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Abu-Rustum
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jewell
authors.forename: Rekha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parameswaran
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.forename: Mario M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Leitao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology