title: Exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles induces autophagy in primary human keratinocytes.
abstract: Understanding the mechanisms of cell-nanomaterial interactions is vital in harnessing the potential of using nanomaterials in biomedical applications. By immuno-labeling of LC3 and TEM analysis, it is found that titanium dioxide nanoparticles are internalized by human keratinocytes and induce autophagy. Autophagy appears to play a cytoprotective role in response to toxicity influence exerted by the nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Josephine L C
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: David Tai
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Justin Jang Hann
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Joachim Say Chye
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Kee Woei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium