title: SULTR3;1 is a chloroplast-localized sulfate transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Plants play a prominent role as sulfur reducers in the global sulfur cycle. Sulfate, the major form of inorganic sulfur utilized by plants, is absorbed and transported by specific sulfate transporters into plastids, especially chloroplasts, where it is reduced and assimilated into cysteine before entering other metabolic processes. How sulfate is transported into the chloroplast, however, remains unresolved; no plastid-localized sulfate transporters have been previously identified in higher plants. Here we report that SULTR3;1 is localized in the chloroplast, which was demonstrated by SULTR3;1-GFP localization, Western blot analysis, protein import as well as comparative analysis of sulfate uptake by chloroplasts between knockout mutants, complemented transgenic plants, and the wild type. Loss of SULTR3;1 significantly decreases the sulfate uptake of the chloroplast. Complementation of the sultr3;1 mutant phenotypes by expression of a 35S-SULTR3;1 construct further confirms that SULTR3;1 is one of the transporters responsible for sulfate transport into chloroplasts.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China.
authors.forename: Min-Jie
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: Ruediger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hell
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Cheng-Bin
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D027321:Anion Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D021381:Protein Transport; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C000592772:SULTR3;1 protein, Arabidopsis; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; D013431:Sulfates; C012036:sodium sulfate; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine