title: Progressive resistance versus relaxation training for breast cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy: design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial (BEATE study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cancer-related fatigue is a common severe symptom in breast cancer patients, especially during chemotherapy. Exercise appears to be promising in prevention or treatment of fatigue. Resistance training as an accompanying treatment to chemotherapy has been minimally investigated, yet might counteract muscle degradation and inflammation caused by many chemotherapeutics, and thus forestall or reduce fatigue. Previous exercise trials mostly compared the intervention with 'usual care'. Therefore, it is unclear to what extent the observed effects on fatigue are based on physical adaptations by exercise itself, or rather on psycho-social factors linked to the group support or attention by the trainer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BEATE study is a randomized, controlled intervention trial comparing a 12-week supervised progressive resistance training program with a supervised group-based progressive muscle relaxation training in 100 patients with breast cancer under adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary endpoint is cancer-related fatigue; secondary endpoints include quality of life, depression, and cognitive capacity. In addition, isokinetic and isometric muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition are measured, and biomarkers, such as inflammatory parameters, cortisol, and oxidative stress are analyzed in blood, saliva and urine. Safety of the resistance training during chemotherapy is monitored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strengths of the BEATE study include the investigation of progressive resistance training parallel with chemotherapy, the choice of a control group that enables an evaluation of the physiological effects of exercise beyond potential psycho-social effects, and the comprehensive and high-quality assessment of physiological factors and biomarkers potentially related to fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Physical Activity and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. m.schmidt@dkfz.de
authors.forename: Martina E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiskemann
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krakowski-Roosen
authors.forename: Axel J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Knicker
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Habermann
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneeweiss
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steindorf
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012064:Relaxation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D055070:Resistance Training
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents