title: Predictive factors for response of peripheral arteriovenous malformations to embolization therapy: analysis of clinical data and imaging findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find a significant predictive factor for the efficacy of endovascular treatment of peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-six patients (73 male patients and 103 female patients; mean age, 29.4 y) who underwent treatment for AVMs in the body or extremities were included. Per Schobinger classification, lesions in 31 patients (18%) were stage II, those in 136 (77%) were stage III, and those in nine (5%) were stage IV. AVMs were located in the extremities in 130 patients (74%) and in the trunk in 46 patients (26%). AVMs were angiographically classified as type I (n = 1), type II (n = 36), type IIIa (n = 6), type IIIb (n = 9 1), or complex type (n = 42). Demographic factors, clinical data, and imaging data were analyzed to determine a statistically significant relationship with overall clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 68 patients (39%) were cured, 91 patients (52%) showed a partial response, nine patients (5%) showed no response, treatment failed in seven patients (4%), and treatment aggravated the condition in one patient (1%). The overall complication rate was 45% (79 of 176 patients). Minor complications developed in 62 patients (35%) and major complications developed in 17 (10%). Statistically, the extent of AVMs (odds ratio, 0.199) and angiographic classification (odds ratio, 0.162) were significant predictive factors for overall clinical outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular treatment of peripheral AVMs, planned with consideration of anatomic extent and angiographic subtypes, is likely to yield good clinical results with low complication rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Dong-Ik
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Wook
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung Seop
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hong Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sung Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Yun Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: In-Wook
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Byung-Boong
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult