title: Influence of achieved paternity on quality of life in testicular cancer survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of achieved/non-achieved paternity on quality of life (QoL) in testicular cancer (TC) survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We invited TC survivors treated at our department between 1989 and 2006 to complete a QoL assessment, including the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL questionnaire, EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0©)/+ TC26, and follow-up questions. A total of 311 TC survivors answered the questionnaire, of whom 207 patients who did not desire paternity were excluded. The remaining 104 patients who stated a desire for paternity after TC treatment were further divided in group A (TC survivors who achieved paternity; n = 51) and group B (TC survivors who did not achieve paternity; n = 53). The data obtained were statistically analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences between groups regarding QoL were detected for social functioning (P = 0.002), emotional functioning (P = 0.001), general QoL (P = 0.018), fatigue (P = 0.025), pain (P = 0.01), sleeping problems (P = 0.024), treatment satisfaction (P = 0.039), financial aspects (P = 0.006), sexual problems (P = 0.017), body image problems (P < 0.001), dyspnoea (P = 0.005) and cognitive functioning (P = 0.019). For all scales except 'sexual enjoyment', patients in group A were found to have a better long-term QoL than those in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst acknowledging the shortcomings in retrospective analyses, we believe our data clearly underline the important impact on QoL for TC survivors of achieved paternity. Counselling patients early at diagnosis as well as using cryopreservation of semen in all potential patients before treatment (only excluding patients definitely claiming they do not wish to achieve paternity) should therefore be regarded as the standard of care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stoehr
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schachtner
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pichler
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holzner
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giesinger
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oberguggenberger
authors.forename: Nicolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leonhartsberger
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Horninger
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010334:Paternity; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult