title: Synthesis and anti-microbial potencies of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-alkylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids: microbial viabilities at different ionic liquids concentrations.
abstract: Three 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-alkylimidazolium chloride room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) [2OHimC(n)][Cl]; (n=0, 1, 4) have been synthesized from the appropriate imidazole precursors and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Their anti-microbial activities were investigated using the well-diffusion method. The viabilities of Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica as a function of IL concentrations were studied. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and EC₅₀ values for the present ILs were within the concentration range from 60 to 125 mM and 23 to 73 mM. The anti-microbial potencies of the present ILs were compared to a standard antibiotic, gentamicin. The finding affords additional perspective on the level of ILs toxicity to aquatic lifeforms and yet, this characteristic can be readily harnessed to detect microbial growth and activity.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M Ismail
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Mohanad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Harbawi
authors.forename: Noorjahan Banu Mohamed
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Alitheen
authors.forename: Yousr Abdulhadi
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Noaman
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lévêque
authors.forename: Chun-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002712:Chlorides; D005839:Gentamicins; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids