title: Effects of EPA and Vitamin E on Serum Enzymatic Antioxidants and Peroxidation Indices in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus is associated with chronic changes in peripheral arteries because of oxidative stress and insufficient antioxidative defense mechanism. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could be effective in some diabetes complications; however, polyunsaturated fatty acids may increase lipid peroxidation. This study aimed to determine whether eicosapentaenoic acid alone or in conjunction with vitamin E had differential effects on serum antioxidants and peroxidation indices.
  
  
  METHODS
  This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 136 patients with type II diabetic mellitus (age 48.8±4.4 yr, BMI 27.8±1.7 kg/m(2)). The four groups of the study either received two grams of omega-3 fatty acids, 400 IU of vitamin E, a combination of the two or placebo for three months. Their serum total antioxidant capacity, enzymatic antioxidants and peroxidation indices were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting serum TAC increased in EPA+E (10.7%, P< 0.001) and E groups (7.5%, P< 0.05). SOD, G-PX and G-RD increased in EPA group (7.3%, 5.1%, and 8.4%, P< 0.05, respectively). MDA and protein carbonyl decreased in EPA and E groups (respectively, 12.5%, 7.6% P< 0.05, P< 0.05; 13%, 15.3% P< 0.001, P< 0.05). After adjustment for baseline values, age, sex, BMI and duration of diagnosed diabetes, protein carbonyl decreased in EPA+E and E group (30.7%, 15.3%; P< 0.05 respectively) relative to the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPA, by itself has a statistically significant effect on serum total antioxidant capacity, enzymatic antioxidants and peroxidation indices in diabetic patients compared to EPA+E or E alone.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00817622.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Sh
authors.initials: Sh
authors.lastname: Sarbolouki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djalali
authors.forename: Ar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dorosty
authors.forename: Sa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djazayery
authors.forename: Mr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eshraghian
authors.forename: Sar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebadi
authors.forename: Sb
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashemi
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; EPA; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Total antioxidant capacity; Vitamin E