title: Exposure of pregnant rats to cigarette-smoke condensate causes glomerular abnormalities in offspring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Higher blood pressure and albuminuria are found in offspring of mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Whether or not kidney development is affected by maternal smoking is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to twice-daily cigarette smoke and nicotine condensate (1 mg/kg) or vehicle at day 10 of pregnancy until delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposed offspring did not differ from control offspring with respect to body weight, kidney weight, albuminuria, and creatinine clearance. Both male and female offspring had higher tail-plethysmographic blood pressures and lower mean glomerular volume, podocyte, mesangial-cell, and endothelial-cell number, compared to control offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data document that prenatal exposure to cigarette-smoke condensate containing nicotine influences normal kidney development and could predispose to higher blood pressures later in life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Milosz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarzecki
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamczak
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wystrychowski
authors.forename: Marie-Luise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Więcek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009929:Organ Size; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine