title: Cerebral small-vessel disease and progression of brain atrophy: the SMART-MR study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether severity and progression of periventricular and deep white matter lesions (WML) and lacunar infarcts were associated with progression of brain atrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within the SMART-MR study, a prospective cohort on MRI changes in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, 565 patients (57 ± 9 years) without large infarcts had vascular screening and 1.5 T MRI at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 3.9 years. With automated brain segmentation, total brain, cortical gray matter, ventricular, and WML volumes were estimated and expressed relative to intracranial volume (%). Lacunar infarcts were rated manually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using linear regression analyses adjusted for demographics and vascular risk factors, periventricular WML volume at baseline was associated with greater decrease in cortical gray matter volume (B = -1.73%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.15% to -0.30%, per 1% WML volume increase) and greater increase in ventricular volume (B = 0.12%, 95% CI 0.04% to 0.20%). Progression of periventricular WML volume corresponded with a greater decrease in cortical gray matter volume (B = -0.45%, 95% CI -0.9% to 0%) and greater increase in ventricular volume (B = 0.15%, 95% CI 0.1% to 0.2%). Presence of lacunar infarcts was associated with greater decline in total brain volume (B = -0.25%, 95% CI -0.49% to -0.01%) and progression of lacunar infarcts with a greater decrease of total brain (B = -0.30%, 95% CI -0.59% to 0.01%) and cortical gray matter volume (B = -0.81%, 95% CI -1.43% to -0.20%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, presence and progression of periventricular WML and lacunar infarcts is associated with greater progression of brain atrophy independent of vascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kloppenborg
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nederkoorn
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grool
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Vincken
authors.forename: W P T M
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Mali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Geerlings
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D001284:Atrophy / Q000209:etiology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D059345:Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D059409:Stroke, Lacunar / Q000473:pathology