title: Managing outbreaks of the citrus long-horned beetle Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) in Europe: molecular diagnosis of plant infestation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) is a polyphagous long-horned beetle native to Eastern Asia that infests a wide range of broadleaved plants, causing disruption of vascular tissue, structural weakness and tree death. As a result, A. chinensis is a quarantine pest for the European Union. In order to confirm its infestations on plants, it is necessary to obtain adult or larval specimens on which morphological or molecular analysis can be performed. However, obtaining such specimens from infested plants can be a demanding and difficult task. Therefore, a diagnostic tool that is non-invasive for the plant and able to be performed in the absence of any insect stages may be useful to confirm infestations of A. chinensis on plants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A protocol is presented that is based on polymerase chain reaction amplification using DNA extracted from A. chinensis faecal material collected in the field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results obtained in the present work show that the non-invasive approach is a reliable and accurate alternative diagnostic tool in phytosanitary surveys.
authors.affiliation: CRA - ABP, Agrobiology and Pedology Research Centre, Florence, Italy. agostino.strangi@entecra.it
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strangi
authors.forename: Giuseppino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sabbatini Peverieri
authors.forename: Pio Federico
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Roversi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005060:Europe; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D060434:Herbivory; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004247:DNA