title: Impact of lower urinary tract symptoms and depression on health-related quality of life in older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed primarily to investigate the level of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and depression in older adults and secondly to identify the impact of LUTS and depression on HRQoL.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2010. Participants were recruited from five community senior centers serving community dwelling older adults in Jeju city. Data analysis was based on 171 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to guide interviews; the data were collected including demographic characteristics, body mass index, adherence to regular exercise, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoarthritis), depression, urinary incontinence, LUTS (measured via the International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS]), and HRQoL as assessed by use of the EQ-5D Index. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to test predictors of HRQoL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen percent (18.6%) of the respondents reported depressive symptoms. The mean LUTS score was 8.9 (IPSS range, 0 to 35). The severity of LUTS, was reported to be mild (score, 0 to 7) by 53% of the respondents, moderate (score, 8 to 19) by 34.5%, and severe (score, 20 to 35) by 12.5%. HRQoL was significantly predicted by depression (Partial R(2)=0.193, P<0.01) and LUTS (Partial R(2)=0.048, P=0.0047), and 24% of the variance in HRQoL was explained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LUTS and depression were the principal predictors of HRQoL in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Jeju National University College of Nursing, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Mi Ah
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hyung Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kyung Suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwang Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Eun Ok
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mi Yeul
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Chul Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Aged; Depression; Lower urinary tract symptoms; Quality of life