title: Differential expression of HIV-1 interfering factors in monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated with polarizing cytokines or interferons.
abstract: HIV-1 replication in macrophages can be regulated by cytokines and infection is restricted in macrophages activated by type I interferons and polarizing cytokines. Here, we observed that the expression levels of the cellular factors Trim5α, CypA, APOBEC3G, SAMHD-1, Trim22, tetherin and TREX-1, and the anti-HIV miRNAs miR-28, miR-150, miR-223 and miR-382 was upregulated by IFN-α and IFN-β in macrophages, which may account for the inhibiting effect on viral replication and the antiviral state of these cells. Expression of these factors was also increased by IFN-γ +/- TNF-α, albeit to a lesser extent; yet, HIV-1 replication in these cells was not restricted at the level of proviral synthesis, indicating that these cellular factors only partially contribute to the observed restriction. IL-4, IL-10 or IL-32 polarization did not affect the expression of cellular factors and miRNAs, suggesting only a limited role for these cellular factors in restricting HIV-1 replication in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam-CINIMA at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cobos Jiménez
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Booiman
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: de Taeye
authors.forename: Karel A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: van Dort
authors.forename: Maarten A N
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rits
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamann
authors.forename: Neeltje A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kootstra
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000494:pharmacology; D007372:Interferons / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048348:Reverse Transcription; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D007370:Interferon Type I; D035683:MicroRNAs; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007372:Interferons