title: Neuroprotective effects of Alpinia katsumadai against experimental ischemic damage via control of oxidative stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alpinia katsumadai (Zingiberaceae) has been identified by the National Plant Quarantine Service in Korea. The extract of Alpinia katsumadai seed (EAKS) has antioxidant activities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the neuroprotective effects of EAKS on ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ethanol extract of EAKS was obtained by organic solvent, collected in Kangwon province (South Korea) and orally administered using a feeding needle once a day for one week before transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We adapted oral administration of 25 and 50 mg/kg EAKS because there are no data about the absorption and metabolism of EKAS. We found a significant neuroprotection in the 50 mg/kg EAKS-treated ischemia group, not in the 25 mg/kg EAKS-treated ischemia group, at 4 days ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). In the 50 mg/kg EAKS-treated ischemia group, about 68% of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region were immunostained with neuronal nuclei (NeuN) 4 days after I-R, compared to the vehicle-treated ischemia group. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (a marker for DNA damage) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (a marker for lipid peroxidation) immunoreactivity in the CA1 region of the EAKS-treated ischemia group were not markedly changed compared to the vehicle-treated ischemia group. In addition, Cu,Zn- and Mn-SOD immunoreactivity in the CA1 region of the EAKS-treated ischemia group were increased compared to the vehicle-treated ischemia group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated supplements of EAKS could protect neurons against ischemic damage, showing that DNA damage and lipid peroxidation are attenuated and SODs are increased in the ischemic CA1 region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Joon Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki-Yeon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: In Koo
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Choong Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jong-Dai
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Il-Jun
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Moo-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Won
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D032429:Alpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004249:DNA Damage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005849:Gerbillinae; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012639:Seeds; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal