title: Characterisation of calamansi (Citrus microcarpa). Part I: volatiles, aromatic profiles and phenolic acids in the peel.
abstract: Volatile compounds in the peel of calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) from Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam were extracted with dichloromethane and hexane, and then analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy/flame ionisation detector. Seventy-nine compounds representing >98% of the volatiles were identified. Across the three geographical sources, a relatively small proportion of potent oxygenated compounds was significantly different, exemplified by the highest amount of methyl N-methylanthranilate in Malaysian calamansi peel. Principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis were applied to interpret the complex volatile compounds in the calamansi peel extracts, and to verify the discrimination among the different origins. In addition, four common hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acids) were determined in the methanolic extracts of calamansi peel using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector. The Philippines calamansi peel contained the highest amount of total phenolic acids. In addition, p-Coumaric acid was the dominant free phenolic acids, whereas ferulic acid was the main bound phenolic acid.
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mun Wai
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Zhi Soon
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Shao Quan
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Weibiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.lastname: Bin Yu
mesh_terms: D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D013649:Taste; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C017616:phenolic acid