title: System B, Endo-Twinn and E-Fill. True temperatures inside the canal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to verify the variations of the temperature inside the root canal with three different gutta-percha heating systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  A split-tooth model was built with a lateral groove at 3.5-mm from working length (WL) in order to insert a Chromel-Alumel K-type thermocouple placed in contact with gutta-percha. The thermocouple was connected to a digital thermometer. Sixty obturations were made with medium gutta-percha points. For 20 specimens the System B was used with the Buchanan fine plugger and the temperature was set at 200°C; for other 20 specimens the Endo-Twinn with a fine plugger was used and for the last 20 specimens we used the E-Fill with a 40.04 plugger. All pluggers were pushed to 3.5 mm from WL so that the tips were in contact to the probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of 60 samples showed the highest temperature average using the System B after 10 seconds (86.85°C), after 15 seconds (94.9°C), after 20 seconds (100.4°C) and after 25 seconds (104.5°C). The Endo-Twinn average values are similar to System-B ones. The E-Fill average values are lower (69.9°C) than the other two systems evaluated only after 10 seconds due to limited working time. The temperatures average obtained using different systems of warm vertical compaction are lower than what was declared by the producing companies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time is one the most important parameters to consider using these systems. Temperatures reached from the System B and Endo-Twinn after 25 seconds; however, seem to be sufficient to ensure an optimal adaptation of the gutta-percha in the anatomical complexity of root canals. The temperatures obtained from the E-Fill, only after 10 seconds, instead seems to be insufficient to assure the rheological characteristics of gutta-percha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Palermo, Section of Oral Science, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cumbo
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gallina
keywords: Gutta-percha; temperature; thermocouples