title: Detection of TFPI2 methylation in the serum of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DNA methylation plays a key role in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and progression. Analysis of aberrant methylation in serum DNA might provide a strategy for noninvasive detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  To explore the feasibility of this approach, we compared TFPI2 methylation status in serum samples of HCC, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and normal control groups using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that the percentage of serum TFPI2 promoter methylation was significantly higher in the HCC group (46.5 %, 20/43) compared with the CHB group (16.7 %, 4/24; p = 0.015) and the normal control group (19.2 %, 5/26; p = 0.022), respectively, indicating that TFPI2 methylation frequently existed in the serum of HCC patients. In our study, the detection rate of HCC using serum TFPI2 methylation was 46.5 % (20/43), which was quite close to the reported detection rate of α-fetoprotein (54 %). In cases where we combined both markers, the detection rate was 61.0 %, suggesting that serum TFPI2 methylation could be used as a potential marker for noninvasive detection of HCC. Then, we evaluated the correlation between the serum TFPI2 methylation status of HCC patients and their clinicopathological parameters. Patients with advanced TNM stage (III-IV) showed a significantly elevated serum methylation percentage of TFPI2 in comparison with those with early TNM stage (I-II) (p = 0.025). Moreover, TFPI2 methylation was observed more frequently according to the progression of TNM stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our present study suggested that TFPI2 methylation in serum tended to be detected more easily in patients with advanced HCC and might be used as a predictor of HCC progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Kai
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yu-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ze-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006023:Glycoproteins; C021240:tissue-factor-pathway inhibitor 2; D008780:Methyltransferases