title: An adenovirus-vectored nasal vaccine confers rapid and sustained protection against anthrax in a single-dose regimen.
abstract: Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, and its spores have been developed into lethal bioweapons. To mitigate an onslaught from airborne anthrax spores that are maliciously disseminated, it is of paramount importance to develop a rapid-response anthrax vaccine that can be mass administered by nonmedical personnel during a crisis. We report here that intranasal instillation of a nonreplicating adenovirus vector encoding B. anthracis protective antigen could confer rapid and sustained protection against inhalation anthrax in mice in a single-dose regimen in the presence of preexisting adenovirus immunity. The potency of the vaccine was greatly enhanced when codons of the antigen gene were optimized to match the tRNA pool found in human cells. In addition, an adenovirus vector encoding lethal factor can confer partial protection against inhalation anthrax and might be coadministered with a protective antigen-based vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Vaxin, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jex
authors.forename: Tsungwei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Gloria S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sivko
authors.forename: Leslie W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Baillie
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Kent R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Van Kampen
authors.forename: De-chu C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022122:Anthrax Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D051379:Mice; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D022122:Anthrax Vaccines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic