title: The enzymatic basis for pesticide bioremediation.
abstract: Enzymes are central to the biology of many pesticides, influencing their modes of action, environmental fates and mechanisms of target species resistance. Since the introduction of synthetic xenobiotic pesticides, enzymes responsible for pesticide turnover have evolved rapidly, in both the target organisms and incidentally exposed biota. Such enzymes are a source of significant biotechnological potential and form the basis of several bioremediation strategies intended to reduce the environmental impacts of pesticide residues. This review describes examples of enzymes possessing the major activities employed in the bioremediation of pesticide residues, and some of the strategies by which they are employed. In addition, several examples of specific achievements in enzyme engineering are considered, highlighting the growing trend in tailoring enzymatic activity to a specific biotechnologically relevant function.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Gunjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: Colin J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cheesman
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Rinku
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Jeevan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teese
authors.forename: Chris W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Coppin
authors.forename: Kahli M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Rup
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: Robyn J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Oakeshott
keywords: Bacterial enzymes; Bioremediation; Pesticides; Xenobiotics