title: Antiretroviral regimens containing a single protease inhibitor increase risk of virologic failure in young HIV-infected children.
abstract: Rifampin-based tuberculosis treatment can cause subtherapeutic concentrations of protease inhibitors and virologic failure in children receiving antiretroviral therapy. Among 217 children on antiretroviral therapy, tuberculosis cotreatment (in 78) was associated with virologic failure. Ritonavir-based single protease inhibitor antiretroviral therapy regimen predicted virologic failure (adjusted odds ratio 3.7, 95% confidence interval 1.5-8.9, P = 0.004) on multivariate analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. ewal@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reichmuth
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dramowski
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rabie
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors