title: CAD-CAM-assisted esthetic facial surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report describes a fully digital workflow for computer-assisted esthetic facial surgery planning and guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using optical scans, virtual surgery is performed according to the 3-dimensional cephalometric results. Next, surgical templates are generated using rapid prototyping. These templates act as a guide during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The workflow has been tested successfully in 4 esthetic facial surgical procedures (rhinoplasty and genioplasty). In addition to surgical assistance, the advantages of the workflow include the possibility of discussing the treatment plan interactively with the patient and comparing and measuring simulation surgery with the actual outcome. As an additional benefit, the appropriate size of the alloplastic implants can be determined preoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Templates could improve special procedures in esthetic facial surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany. hiet@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hierl
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kruber
authors.forename: Fritz-Peter
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hümpfner-Hierl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D063172:Genioplasty / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods