title: Evaluation of Petrifilms(TM) as a diagnostic test to detect bovine mastitis organisms in Kenya.
abstract: The study purpose was to validate Petrifilms(TM) (3M Microbiology, 2005) against standard culture methods in the diagnosis of bovine mastitis organisms in Kenya. On 128 smallholder dairy cattle farms in Kenya, between June 21, 2010 and August 31, 2010, milk samples from 269 cows that were positive on California Mastitis Test (CMT) were cultured using standard laboratory culture methods and Petrifilms(TM) (Aerobic Count and Coliform Count -3M Microbiology, 2005), and results were compared. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterium isolated (73 % of samples). Clinical mastitis was found in only three cows, and there were only two Gram-negative isolates, making it impossible to examine the agreement between the two tests for Gram-negative- or clinical mastitis samples. The observed agreement between the standard culture and Petrifilm(TM) (3M Microbiology, 2005) results for Gram-positive isolates was 85 %, and there was fair agreement beyond that expected due to chance alone, with a kappa (κ) of 0.38. Using culture results as a gold standard, the Petrifilms(TM) had a sensitivity of 90 % for Gram-positive samples and specificity of 51 %. With 87 % of CMT-positive samples resulting in Gram-positive pathogens cultured, there was a positive predictive value of 93 % and a negative predictive value of 43 %. Petrifilms(TM) should be considered for culture of mastitis organisms in developing countries, especially when Gram-positive bacteria are expected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya. gkgitau@uonbi.ac.ke
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Gitau
authors.forename: Royford M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bundi
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vanleeuwen
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mulei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary; D003906:Developing Countries; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity