title: Synthesis and characterization of Pd@M(x)Cu(1-x) (M = Au, Pd, and Pt) nanocages with porous walls and a yolk-shell structure through galvanic replacement reactions.
abstract: This paper describes the synthesis of Pd@M(x)Cu(1-x) (M = Au, Pd, and Pt) nanocages with a yolk-shell structure through galvanic replacement reactions that involve Pd@Cu core-shell nanocubes as sacrificial templates and ethylene glycol as the solvent. Compared with the most commonly used templates based on Ag, Cu offers a much lower reduction potential (0.34 versus 0.80 V), making the galvanic reaction more easily to conduct, even at room temperature. Our structural and compositional characterizations indicated that the products were hollow inside, and each one of them contained porous M-Cu alloy walls and a Pd cube in the interior. For the Pd@Au(x)Cu(1-x) yolk-shell nanocages, they displayed broad extinction peaks extending from the visible to the near-IR region. Our mechanistic study revealed that the dissolution of the Cu shell preferred to start from the slightly truncated corners and then progressed toward the interior, because the Cu {100} side faces were protected by a surface capping layer of hexadecylamine. This galvanic approach can also be extended to generating other hollow metal nanostructures by using different combinations of Cu nanostructures and salt precursors.
authors.affiliation: The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Shuifen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Mingshang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Yucai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhaoxiong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yimei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Younan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic / Q000379:methods*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D010984:Platinum; D010165:Palladium; D006046:Gold; D003300:Copper