title: Comparison of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and adenosine deaminase activities between respiratory and nocturnal subtypes of patients with panic disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is mounting evidence indicating that oxidative and inflammatory processes may have an important role in the pathogenesis of panic disorder (PD). PD is a heterogeneous disease, and panic attacks are divided according to the different symptom clusters as respiratory, nocturnal, non-fearful, cognitive, or vestibular subtypes. The aim of this study was to compare whole-blood and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and adenosine deaminase activities in PD patients with/without nocturnal, respiratory subtypes and healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted including 60 patients with PD and 30 healthy control subjects. The Panic Attack Symptom Checklist, Panic and Agoraphobia Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were administered to the patients. Biochemical analyses were performed after all the blood samples were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that whole-blood SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities of patients were significantly lower and adenosine deaminase activities of patients were higher than those of healthy controls. There were no statistically significant differences between respiratory and nocturnal subtypes. In addition, there were no marked relationships between the duration of illness and panic-agoraphobia scores of patients with nocturnal subtypes. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores of patients with the nocturnal subtype were markedly higher than those of patients without the nocturnal subtype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that oxidative and inflammatory processes may play a role in the pathophysiology of PD. These findings may support the idea that both nocturnal and respiratory subtypes of PD have different symptom clusters of the same disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ipekyolu Public Hospital, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Selvi
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozkol
authors.forename: Yasin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tuluce
authors.forename: Lutfullah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Besiroglu
authors.forename: Adem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydin
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase