title: Clinical efficacy of botanical extracts from Eupatorium adenophorum against the scab mite, Psoroptes cuniculi.
abstract: This study evaluated the in vivo clinical efficacy of Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) extracts against the scab mite, Psoroptes cuniculi. A 30-day experiment was performed using New Zealand rabbits that were naturally infested with P. cuniculi on a farm. Rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (6 animals per group); animals in groups A, B and C were treated in each ear topically with 2 ml of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 g/ml (w/v) E. adenophorum ethanol extract, respectively. Animals in groups D and E were treated with ivermectin (by injection; positive controls) and glycerol with water only (by embrocation; negative controls), respectively. Each rabbit was treated twice with separate treatments on days 0 and 7. Rabbits were observed daily and detailed examinations were performed on days 0, 7, 14 and 30, to inspect the presence or absence of mites and scabs/crusts. Clinical infection and the degree of recovery were evaluated, and the rate of reduction in mites and clinical efficacy rate (%) were calculated. The clinical effect of treatment with E. adenophorum extracts was similar to treatment with ivermectin. Seven days after the initial treatment, the mean clinical scores (presence of scabs/crusts) decreased from 3.32, 3.08 and 3.17 to 0.37, 0.47 and 0.48 in the left ears of animals in groups A, B and C, respectively, and from 3.53, 3.73 and 3.67 to 0.40, 0.45 and 0.48 in the right ears of animals in groups A, B and C, respectively, which were similar to the observations recorded in the positive control rabbits. However, the clinical score for negative control rabbits did not decrease significantly (P>0.05) during the experiment, and this changed from 3.32 to 2.75 in the left ears and from 3.50 to 3.25 in the right ears, and there were no significant differences in clinical efficacy between left and right ears. After two treatments (7 days space), the rabbits in groups A, B, C and D had recovered completely 30 days after the last treatment and no recurrences of infection were observed. These results indicate that E. adenophorum contains potent compounds for the effective control of animal acariasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Nong
authors.forename: Yong-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Jia-Hai
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: De-Ying
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tian-Fei
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Wan-Peng
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xue-Rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Shu-Xian
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Song-Jia
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Guang-You
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000287:Administration, Topical; D036603:Ageratina / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004423:Ear / Q000469:parasitology; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D040042:Psoroptidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D010936:Plant Extracts