title: Analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Shorea robusta resin in experimental animals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Shorea robusta (Sal), an important traditional Indian medicinal plant used in various ailments and rituals and the indigenous use of the resin of this plant as a medicament for treatment of various inflammatory conditions is well documented in literature. In the present study, ethanolic extract of S. robusta resin (SRE) was evaluated for its analgesic activity by making use of different central and peripheral pain models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analgesic activity of SRE was assessed by employing different pain models such as, i) hot plate and tail flick tests for central analgesia, ii) acetic acid- induced writhing (peripheral analgesic model), iii) formalin-induced hind paw licking (both central and peripheral model), iv) carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia (peripheral analgesic model) and v) post-surgical pain (peripheral analgesic model).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract produced significant central and peripheral analgesic effects, as is evident from increase in reaction time in hot plate and tail flick tests, inhibition in writhing counts in acetic acid-induced writhing test, inhibition of licking time in formalin-induced hind paw licking, increased pain threshold in paw withdrawal latency in carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and increased paw withdrawal threshold in post-surgical pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study demonstrate marked antinociceptive effects of SRE.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
authors.forename: Tariq Ahmad
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.forename: Dhirendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Pawan Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Kaustuk K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sardar
authors.forename: Surendra Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tandan
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D053958:Dipterocarpaceae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Carrageenan; Shorea robusta; hot plate; post-surgical pain; resin; tail flick