title: Genotype/subgenotype distribution of hepatitis B virus among hemodialysis patients with chronical hepatitis B.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in hemodialysis (HD) patients is a major concern, but limited information exists on the HBV genotyping in patients on maintenance HD in Turkey.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the genotype and subgenotype distribution of HBV in Turkish HD patients with chronic hepatitis B.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 248 HBsAg positive patients undergoing long-term HD from all regions of Turkey were included in this study. HBV genotypes were determined by phylogenetic analysis and by genotyping tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HBV DNA was detected in 94/248 (38%) of the patients. Among the study patients, genotype D of HBV was predominant (99%) and one patient (1%) was infected with genotype G. The majority (82%) of HBV genotype D branched into subgenotype D1, and also in ayw2 HBsAg subtype clusters in the phylogenetic tree. However, 10% and 8% of the strains branched into subgenotype D2 (also in ayw3 HBsAg subtype cluster) and subgenotype D3 clusters, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, HBV genotyping should be routinely applied to HD patients to establish a baseline. Determination of genotypes/subgenotypes of HBV may provide robust epidemiological data related to their circulation as well as their transmissibility.
authors.affiliation: University of Kocaeli, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory, PCR Unit, Turkey. sayanmurat@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sayan
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dogan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens