title: Preservation of wild isolates of human malaria parasites in wet ice and adaptation efficacy to in vitro culture.
abstract: Wild isolates of malaria parasites were preserved in wet ice for 2-12 days and cultivated by a candle jar method. In four isolates of Plasmodium falciparum collected from Myanmar and preserved for 12 days, all failed to grow. In 31 isolates preserved for 5-10 days, nine were transformed to young gametocytes, but 22 isolates grew well. From Ranong, Thailand, nine isolates preserved for 7 days were examined, and six grew well. On the other hand, all of the 59 isolates collected from eastern Indonesian islands failed to establish as culture-adapted isolates, even most of them were preserved only for 2-3 days: 10 isolates stopped to grow, and 49 isolates were transformed to sexual stages by Day 10. These results indicated that a great difference in adaptation to in vitro culture may exist between wild isolates distributed in continental Southeast Asia and in eastern Indonesia and that gametocytogenesis might be easily switched on in Indonesian isolates. In wild isolates of P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale preserved for 2-9 days, ring forms or young trophozoites survived, but adaptation to in vitro culture failed. These results indicate that wild isolates can be preserved in wet ice for 9-10 days.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia ;  Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Indah S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Tantular
authors.forename: Suhintam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pusarawati
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Khin
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanbe
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Yasutoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
keywords: Plasmodium; gametocytogenesis; human malaria parasite; in vitro culture; preservation; wet ice; wild isolate