title: Phylogeography of Fischer's blue, Tongeia fischeri, in Japan: Evidence for introgressive hybridization.
abstract: The widespread lycaenid butterfly Tongeia fischeri is distributed from eastern Europe to northeastern Asia and represented by three geographically isolated populations in Japan. In order to clarify the phylogeographic history of the species, we used sequences of three mitochondrial (COI, Cyt b and ND5) and two nuclear (Rpl5 and Ldh) genes of 207 individuals collected from 55 sites throughout Japan and five sites on the Asian continent. Phylogenetic trees and the median-joining network revealed six evolutionary mitochondrial haplotype clades, which corresponded to the geographic distribution of the species. Common ancestors of Japanese T. fischeri might have come to Japan during the mid-Pleistocene by multiple dispersals of continental populations, probably via a land bridge or narrow channel between western Japan and the Korean Peninsula. The geographical patterns of variation of mitochondrial and nuclear markers are discordant in northeastern Kyushu, possibly as a result of introgressive hybridization during the ancient contact between the Kyushu and Shikoku populations in the last glacial maximum. The phylogeographic pattern of T. fischeri in Japan are probably related to the geological history, Pleistocene climatic oscillations and distribution of the host plant.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systematic Zoology, Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. Ekgachai@zoo.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ekgachai
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jeratthitikul
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yago
authors.forename: Tateo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hikida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002080:Butterflies / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017344:Genes, Insect; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D007564:Japan; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial