title: Regional gastrointestinal delivery of remogliflozin etabonate in humans.
abstract: Remogliflozin etabonate (RE) is the prodrug of remogliflozin (R), an inhibitor of renal glucose transport designed to reduce blood glucose concentrations for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This open-label, randomized, single-dose, four-way crossover study, (with one add-on arm) in eight healthy men evaluated the regional gastrointestinal absorption of RE, the systemic appearance of the active entity R, and an active metabolite, GSK279782. The InteliSite(®) Companion Capsule was used to administer a single dose of RE 100 mg to the mid-small intestine or cecum/colon. Oral administration of the IR tablet of RE showed similar bioavailability of R compared with small intestine delivery with both suspension and solution. The lowest bioavailability of remogliflozin was found with large intestine delivery and therefore not a suitable region for prodrug delivery. Although both lower permeability and decreased ester hydrolysis of remogliflozin etabonate in the colon can explain reduced plasma exposures of remogliflozin, the data suggest relatively limited remogliflozin etabonate hydrolysis in the colon and provides evidence for a diminishing gradient of esterase activity from small to large intestine.
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline, Inc, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. r.ocs@outlook.com
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: O'Connor-Semmes
authors.forename: Erik P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Sandefer
authors.forename: Elizabeth K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Doll
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dobbins
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D002214:Capsules; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D005960:Glucosides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D011720:Pyrazoles; C532127:remogliflozin etabonate