title: Expression of CXCL10 (IP-10) and CXCL11 (I-TAC) chemokines during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and immunoprophylaxis with Mycobacterium indicus pranii (Mw) in guinea pig.
abstract: Mycobacterium indicus pranii (earlier known as Mycobacterium w) has been used as an immunmodulatory agent in leprosy and tuberculosis by mediating the release of various cytokines and chemokines. CXCL10 (IP-10) and CXCL11 (I-TAC) chemokines are involved in T-cell migration and stimulation of natural killer cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In this study, the effect of heat killed M. indicus pranii (alone and in conjunction with chemotherapy) on disease progression was determined by colony forming units (CFUs) in guinea pig lung following their aerosol infection and the expression levels of CXCL10 and CXCL11 were studied by quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and in situ RT-PCR. Four groups of animals included; infection only (Rv), immunoprophylaxis (RvMw), chemotherapy (RvCh) and combination of immunoprophylaxis with chemotherapy (RvChMw). In the group where immunoprophylaxis was given in combination with chemotherapy, the CFU counts reduced significantly at 4th week post-infection as compared to animals that received immunoprophylaxis or chemotherapy alone. At the same time, all groups of animals had elevated expression of CXCL 10 which was significantly high only in animals that received Mw with or without chemotherapy. Unlike to CXCL 10, study demonstrated suppressed expression CXCL 11 in both immunoprophylaxis as well as chemotherapy groups that became up-regulated in synergistic response of immunoprophylaxis and chemotherapy. Taken together, data indicates that the expression of CXCL10 and CXCL11 positively correlates with anti-tubercular treatment (at least with combination of immunoprophylaxis and chemotherapy). Therefore, prior immunization with Mw appears to be a good immunomodulator for release of chemokines and augments the effect of chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases Tajganj, Agra 282 001, India.
authors.forename: Krishna Dutta
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chahar
authors.forename: P V J
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Pushpa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Nalini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.forename: U D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Natrajan
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Katoch
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katoch
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chauhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000235:genetics*; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11 / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; D012333:RNA, Messenger