title: Systemic fungal infections in patients with human inmunodeficiency virus.
abstract: Histoplasmosis is a systemic infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. In immunocompromised patients, primary pulmonary infection can spread to the skin and meninges. Clinical manifestations appear in patients with a CD4(+) lymphocyte count of less than 150 cells/μL. Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. It can present as diffuse pulmonary disease or as a disseminated form primarily affecting the central nervous system, the bones, and the skin. Cryptococcosis is caused by Cryptococcus neoformans (var. neoformans and var. grubii) and Cryptococcus gattii, which are members of the Cryptococcus species complex and have 5 serotypes: A, B, C, D, and AD. It is a common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, even those receiving antiretroviral therapy. Histopathologic examination and culture of samples from any suspicious lesions are essential for the correct diagnosis of systemic fungal infections in patients with HIV/AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, CHUVI y Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, España. Electronic address: carmen.rodriguez.cerdeira@sergas.es.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cerdeira
authors.affiliation: Sección de Micología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, México DF, México.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.affiliation: Sección de Micología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, México DF, México.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moreno-Coutiño
authors.affiliation: Sección de Micología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, México DF, México.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vásquez
authors.affiliation: Sección de Micología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, México DF, México.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Hospital General de Enfermedades, Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003045:Coccidioides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003047:Coccidioidomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D056285:Cryptococcus gattii / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016469:Fungemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006658:Histoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006660:Histoplasmosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D009181:Mycoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Adquired inmunodeficiency syndrome; Coccidioidomicosis; Coccidioidomycosis; Criptococosis; Cryptococcosis; Histoplasmosis; Human immunodeficiency virus; Sida; Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana