title: Effect of Hygrophila spinosa in ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hygrophila spinosa (Acanthaceae) is traditionally used to treat urinary calculi. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of methanolic extract of Hygrophila spinosa (Acanthaceae) in ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methanolic extract of Hygrophila spinosa (HSME) (250 and 500 mg/ kg body weight) was administered orally to male Wistar albino rats. Ethylene glycol (EG) was used to induce nephrolithiasis. The parameters studied included water intake, urinary volume, urinary pH, urinary and kidney oxalate and calcium, urinary magnesium and serum uric acid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethylene glycol feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium and serum uric acid along with decreased excretion of urinary magnesium. Treatment with HSME significantly reduced the elevated urinary oxalate, urinary calcium and serum uric acid with increase in reduced urinary magnesium. Ethylene glycol feeding also resulted in increased levels of calcium and oxalate in kidney which was decreased after the treatment with HSME. The increased deposition of stone forming constituents in the kidneys of ethylene glycol treated rats was significantly lowered by treatment with HSME.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the aerial parts of Hygrophila spinosa are endowed with antiurolithiatic activity, thereby justifying its traditional claim.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, KYDSCT's College of Pharmacy, Sakegaon, Bhusawal, India.
authors.forename: Kundan G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Ingale
authors.forename: Prasad A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thakurdesai
authors.forename: Neeraj S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Vyawahare
mesh_terms: D027901:Acanthaceae; D000818:Animals; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D019855:Ethylene Glycol
keywords: Ethylene glycol; Hygrophila spinosa; kidney stones; nephrolithiasis