title: Anorectal manometric dysfunctions in newly diagnosed, early-stage Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anorectal dysmotility is common in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but there have been few evaluations in newly diagnosed PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted anorectal manometric evaluations in 19 newly diagnosed, drug-naïve, early-stage PD patients. All of the PD patients were questioned regarding the presence of anorectal symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anorectal manometry was abnormal in 12 of the 19 patients. These abnormalities were more common in patients with more severe anorectal symptoms, as measured using a self-reported scale. However, more than 40% of patients with no or minimal symptoms also exhibited manometric abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that anorectal dysmotility manifests in many early-stage PD patients, which this represent evidence for the involvement of neuronal structures in such nonmotor manifestations in PD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Myung-Gyu
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Yeong-In
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joong-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Parkinson's disease; anorectal dysfunction; manometry