title: NORM management in the oil and gas industry.
abstract: It has been established that naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) may accumulate at various locations along the oil and gas production process. Components such as wellheads, separation vessels, pumps, and other processing equipment can become contaminated with NORM, and NORM can accumulate in the form of sludge, scale, scrapings, and other waste media. This can create a potential radiation hazard to workers, the general public, and the environment if certain controls are not established. Saudi Aramco has developed NORM management guidelines, and is implementing a comprehensive strategy to address all aspects of NORM management that aim to enhance NORM monitoring; control of NORM-contaminated equipment; control of NORM waste handling and disposal; and protection, awareness, and training of workers. The benefits of shared knowledge, best practice, and experience across the oil and gas industry are seen as key to the establishment of common guidance. This paper outlines Saudi Aramco's experience in the development of a NORM management strategy, and its goals of establishing common guidance throughout the oil and gas industry.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Protection Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia. michael.cowie@aramco.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cowie
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mously
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fageeha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nassar
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000592:standards; D058735:Environmental Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D033161:Government Regulation; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000592:standards; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000592:standards; D061329:Oil and Gas Fields; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards*; D011850:Radioactive Waste / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012529:Saudi Arabia
chemical_list: D011850:Radioactive Waste