title: Human Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens: Clinically Suspected as Cutaneous Fascioliasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The significant increase in the number of human subcutaneous dirofilariasis in recent years, suggests the appearance of a new health problem in the old world with most cases reported from Mediterranean countries. Besides the present case, eleven cases of human subcutaneous dirofilariasis have been detected in Iran, three of which belong to Gilan Province, northern Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present an autochthonous case of subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens infection in a 39-year-old woman from Kouchesfahan district of Gilan Province, manifest as an itching and highly erythmatous subcutaneous tender nodule on her right thigh. The nodule was excised by a dermatologist as a suspected case of cutaneous fascioliasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microscopic examination of the excised nodule revealed the presence of D. repens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since Gilan Province is the endemic region for human fascioliasis and several cases of cutaneous fascioliasis have been detected in the province during last two decades, we propose the physicians and pathologists to take in to account subcutaneous dirofilariasis as an emergent zoonosis causing dermal and visceral lesions which may sometimes misdiagnose as malignant tumors, and also as differential diagnosis of cutaneous fascioliasis.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ashrafi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golchai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geranmayeh
keywords: Dirofilaria repens; Ectopic fascioliasis; Human dirofilariasis; Iran