title: [Current data and trends about the resistance of Gram-negative pathogens to beta-lactams].
abstract: In recent years the resistance of Gram-negative pathogens to beta-lactam antibiotics, such as cephalosporins and carbapenems has increased. The resistant strains produce different beta-lactam hydrolysing enzymes (beta-lactamases). In particular extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) are prevalent in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The ESBL genes are located on different plasmids facilitating the transfer of resistance within a species and between different Gram-negative species. Within the scope of various studies the Robert Koch Institute in Wernigerode investigated ESBL-producing human Enterobacteriaceae using molecular methods. The results showed that distinct ESBL types, such as the CTX-M enzymes are dominant in Germany whereby CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-1 are the most prevalent variants in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The aim of ongoing investigations within the RESET network project is to investigate the dissemination pathways of ESBL-producing bacteria in different settings (e.g. in humans, animals and food).
authors.affiliation: FG13 Nosokomiale Infektionen, Robert Koch-Institut, Burgstrassse 37, Wernigerode, Germany. pfeifery@rki.de
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eller
mesh_terms: D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005060:Europe; D005858:Germany; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012703:Serotyping; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D047090:beta-Lactams; C473109:beta-lactamase CTX-M-15; C055184:beta-lactamase TEM-3; D001618:beta-Lactamases