title: Instrumentation in developing chlorophyll fluorescence biosensing: a review.
abstract: Chlorophyll fluorescence can be defined as the red and far-red light emitted by photosynthetic tissue when it is excited by a light source. This is an important phenomenon which permits investigators to obtain important information about the state of health of a photosynthetic sample. This article reviews the current state of the art knowledge regarding the design of new chlorophyll fluorescence sensing systems, providing appropriate information about processes, instrumentation and electronic devices. These types of systems and applications can be created to determine both comfort conditions and current problems within a given subject. The procedure to measure chlorophyll fluorescence is commonly split into two main parts; the first involves chlorophyll excitation, for which there are passive or active methods. The second part of the procedure is to closely measure the chlorophyll fluorescence response with specialized instrumentation systems. Such systems utilize several methods, each with different characteristics regarding to cost, resolution, ease of processing or portability. These methods for the most part include cameras, photodiodes and satellite images.
authors.affiliation: Biosystems Engineering CA, Postgraduate Study Division, Engineering Faculty, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas St, Querétaro 76010, Qro Mexico. aafernandez@hspdigital.org
authors.forename: Arturo A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Jaramillo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duarte-Galvan
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Contreras-Medina
authors.forename: Irineo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Torres-Pacheco
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de J Romero-Troncoso
authors.forename: Ramon G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Guevara-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Jesus R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Millan-Almaraz
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism*; D005453:Fluorescence; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002734:Chlorophyll
keywords: Kautsky; LED; chlorophyll; fluorescence; instrumentation; laser; photosynthesis