title: Activation of Wnt signaling using lithium chloride: inquiry-based undergraduate laboratory exercises.
abstract: Zebrafish provide researchers and students alike with an excellent model of vertebrate nervous system development due to a high degree of conserved developmental mechanisms and transparent embryos that develop in synchrony. In these laboratory exercises, undergraduate students explore cell biological concepts while performing hypothesis-driven novel research utilizing methodologies such as immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, image analysis, pharmacology, and basic statistics. In the first block of exercises, students perform anti-acetylated tubulin (anti-AT) immunofluorescence, identify spinal tracts and neuronal subtypes, and perform conventional and confocal microscopy. Building on knowledge acquired in the first block of exercises, during the second block, students subsequently perform pharmacological activation of Wnt signaling through lithium chloride treatments, and assess nervous system integrity through anti-AT immunofluorescence. Students perform various quantitative methods and apply statistics to determine outcomes of Wnt activation. In their final laboratory report, students contextualize their results with foundations of molecular mechanisms of nervous system development. In sum, these exercises offer undergraduate students a model of independent research at the graduate level.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew William
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015509:Developmental Biology / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D018021:Lithium Chloride