title: Protective effects of resveratrol on salivary gland damage induced by total body irradiation in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the most common acute side effects of irradiation is xerostomia, which results from damage to the salivary gland cells by direct ionization. Resveratrol is a natural compound with profound anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential protective effects of resveratrol on injury to the salivary glands of rats that were exposed to total body irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental study at the Inonu University School of Medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine female rats were randomized into four groups: group 1, high-dose (100 mg/kg) resveratrol group (n = 7); group 2, low-dose (10 mg/kg) resveratrol group (n = 7); group 3, control (vehicle) rats (n = 7); and group 4, sham-irradiation group (n = 8). The medications were administered as single doses, and the rats were exposed to total body irradiation 24 hours after the treatment. The animals were sacrificed the following day, and the parotid and submandibular glands were excised. Salivary gland histology and the tissue levels of glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rats in group 1 showed significantly decreased acinar loss and less ductal damage and cell necrosis than those of the control group (P < .05). Antioxidant GSH levels were significantly increased by high doses of resveratrol treatment. The tissue activities of MDA in both the parotid and submandibular glands were significantly reduced in group 1. Low-dose resveratrol treatment did not significantly alter the tissue levels of MDA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resveratrol at relatively high doses can reduce the irradiation-dependent salivary gland damage, suggesting that this natural antioxidant may be effectively used to lessen the side effects related to salivary gland dysfunction that is induced by irradiation.
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, Ministry of Health, Yesilyurt Hasan Calik State Hospital, Malatya, Turkey. entsurgeon@rocketmail.com
authors.forename: Gökçe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Şimşek
authors.forename: Simay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gürocak
authors.forename: Neşe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karadaǧ
authors.forename: Aysun Bay
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demirtaş
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karataş
authors.forename: Eda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pepele
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000975:Antioxidants; D013267:Stilbenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; D000077185:Resveratrol