title: Antibacterial activity of the venom of Heterometrus xanthopus.
abstract: Heterometrus xanthopus (Scorpion) is one of the most venomous and ancient arthropods. Its venom contains anti-microbial peptides like hadrurin, scorpine, Pandinin 1, and Pandinin 2 that are able to effectively kill multidrug-resistant pathogens. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of H. xanthopus venom. Six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains were tested against 1/100, 1/10, and 1/1 fractions of distilled water diluted and crude venom. 1/100 and 1/10 dilutions were not successful in any of the six bacterial strains studied while the 1/1 dilution was effective on Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 with highest zone of inhibition were obtained on B. subtilis. Crude venom was effective against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 14506, B. subtilis, S. typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa. The most effective results were observed on B. subtilis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Umair
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Malik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mujaddad-Ur-Rehman
authors.forename: Nauman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.forename: Sardar Atiq
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fawad
authors.forename: Anees
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fatima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012605:Scorpions; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012604:Scorpion Venoms
keywords: Antibiotics; Heterometrus xanthopus venom; antimicrobial activity; extracts