title: Social support and trait personality are independently associated with resting cardiovascular function in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Social support is thought to positively influence appraisals of stressors and coping resources, thereby attenuating the harmful effects of stress. Notably, perceived available support (rather than actually received support) is believed to benefit well-being independent of the sense of obligation or threats to self-esteem that receiving support may entail. This study examined whether perceived support levels were associated with reduced cardiovascular levels, an important predictor of cardiovascular disease risk, independent of broad trait personality variables frequently reported to overlap with perceived support. In doing so, we sought to determine whether the effects of perceived support are independent of links between personality and social support.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design was employed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resting cardiovascular levels were measured using a Finometer in a sample of healthy women (N = 145). The Short-Form Social Support Questionnaire and the Revised Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire were used to assess support levels and personality. Regression was used to compare associations with psychometric indices of support (namely, perceived network size and perceived satisfaction with support) and personality (psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Support independently predicted systolic blood pressure (SBP; p = .03) and HR (p = .02) when personality was controlled for, while personality also predicted SBP (p = .01) and DBP (p = .02). Support effects were not mediated by personality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings corroborate previous research indicating links between support and resting cardiovascular levels and additionally demonstrate these to be independent of associations between support and personality.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Occupational and Life Stress, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. a.creaven1@nuigalway.ie
authors.forename: Ann-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Creaven
authors.forename: Siobhán
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires