title: Mechanism of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats: recent insights from macrophages.
abstract: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats is an acute monophasic paralytic central nervous system disease, in which most rats spontaneously recover from paralysis. EAE in Lewis rats is induced by encephalitogenic antigens, including myelin basic protein. EAE is mediated by CD4(+) Th1 cells, which secrete pro-inflammatory mediators, and spontaneous recovery is mediated by regulatory T cells. Recently, it was established that classically activated macrophages (M1 phenotype) play an important role in the initiation of EAE, while alternatively activated macrophages (M2 phenotype) contribute to spontaneous recovery from rat EAE. This review will summarize the neuroimmunological aspects of active monophasic EAE, which manifests as neuroinflammation followed by neuroimmunomodulation and/or neuroprotection, with a focus on the role of alternatively activated macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea. ; Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Taekyun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Meejung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Yoh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
keywords: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Lewis rats; Macrophages; Neuroimmunomodulation; Regulatory T lymphocytes