title: Impact of consultant operative supervision and surgical mortality in Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, the Australian and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality evaluated the effect of operative supervision on certain post-operative outcomes in the surgical death subset.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective cohort study was based upon mortality data collected in 2009 which included 1673 patients who died and had surgery within 30 days of death or during the last admission. Cases were divided into three groups: consultant not supervising (group NS), consultant supervising (group S) and consultant performing the operation (group C). A comparison was done nationally and between participating states in Australia. Certain post-operative outcomes were compared between the three groups as well as between elective and emergency operations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant variations in the levels of operative supervision among states in Australia. Group NS (n = 468) generally had more favourable post-operative outcomes than group S (n = 147) and group C (n = 1058), with post-operative complication rates of 24.8%, 37.4% and 40.9% for groups NS, S and C, respectively. The level of operative supervision in emergency operations was half that of elective operations. Nevertheless, the post-operative complications rate was significantly lower in emergency operations (30.6%) compared with elective operations (64.4%). The same trend was seen with clinical management deficiencies and unplanned return to theatre.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Operative supervision in emergency setting within Australian hospitals appears to be potentially inadequate. However, the available data suggest that unsupervised surgery did not result in worse post-operative outcomes. In appropriately selected cases, the data support surgical registrars performing surgery without consultant supervision.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Teresa Hoi Ian
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Babidge
authors.forename: Guy J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Maddern
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003253:Consultants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000401:mortality*