title: Mothers' beliefs and barriers about childhood diarrhea and its management in Morang district, Nepal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In developing countries, mothers usually manage diarrhea at home with the pattern of management depending on perceived disease severity and beliefs. The study was carried out with the objective of determining mothers' beliefs and barriers about diarrhea and its management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative methods involving two focus group discussions and eight in-depth interviews were used to collect the data. The study was conducted at the following places: Tankisinuwari, Kanchanbari and Pokhariya of Morang district, Nepal during the months of February and March 2010. Purposive sampling method was adopted to recruit twenty mothers based on the inclusion criteria. A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct the interviews. Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants before conducting the interviews. The interviews were moderated by the main researcher with the support of an expert observer from Nobel Medical College. The interviews were recorded with the permission of the participants and notes were written by a pre trained note-taker. The recordings were transcribed verbatim. All the transcribed data was categorized and analyzed using thematic content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty mothers participated in the interviews and most (80%) of them were not educated. About 75% of the mothers had a monthly income of up to 5000 Nepalese rupees (US$ 60.92). Although a majority of mothers believed diarrhea to be due to natural causes, there were also beliefs about supernatural origin of diarrhea. Thin watery diarrhea was considered as the most serious. There was diversity in mothers' beliefs about foods/fluids and diarrhea management approaches. Similarly, several barriers were noted regarding diarrhea prevention and/or management such as financial weakness, lack of awareness, absence of education, distance from healthcare facilities and senior family members at home. The elderly compelled the mothers to visit traditional healers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were varied beliefs among the mothers about the types, causes and severity of diarrhea, classification of foods/fluids and beliefs and barriers about preventing or treating diarrhea.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia. mukhtar1998@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mukhtar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Mohamed Izham Mohamed
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Mohamed Azmi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hassali
authors.forename: P Ravi
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koirala
authors.forename: Noor Jang
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Thapa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D009390:Nepal; D012923:Social Class