title: Culture moderates the cardiovascular consequences of anger regulation strategy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research examined cultural differences in experiential and cardiovascular outcomes of three anger regulation strategies (expression, suppression and reappraisal).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five Chinese and 45 Caucasian females participated in a laboratory experiment in which role play was used to induce anger. During this role play participants were instructed to either express or suppress their feelings or engage in cognitive reappraisal. Emotional experience was measured before and after the role play. Cardiovascular indices were measured continuously during the experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant interactions were obtained such that Caucasians showed stronger cardiovascular responses to suppression than expression of anger whereas the opposite was true for Chinese.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that physiological consequences of emotion regulation strategies vary by cultural background. Possible reasons as well as implications of these findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult