title: Neuroprotective effect of atorvastatin involves suppression of TNF-α and upregulation of IL-10 in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: We evaluated the neuroprotective effects of atorvastatin (2, 5, and 10 mg/kg) on experimentally induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in adult rats; controls were administered PBS. Plasma TNF-α and IL-10 levels before and after ICH were analyzed at various time points by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neurological behavior of rats was assessed by climbing scores. At 3-days postoperatively, brain water contents and TNF-α/IL-10 expression in brain tissue were determined. Histopathological changes and microglial cells in the brain tissue were evaluated by light-microscopy. Post-ICH neurological deficits differed significantly between sham-operated group A and experimental-ICH group B (P < 0.05). Brain water contents were significantly less in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). Significant differences (P < 0.05) between two groups were observed regarding activated microglia, TNF-α and IL-10 levels. Compared with group B, neurological deficits, brain water contents, pathological changes, and activated microglia were reduced (P < 0.05) in groups C (Experimental-ICH + atorvastatin 2 mg/kg), D (Experimental-ICH + atorvastatin 5 mg/kg) and E (Experimental-ICH + atorvastatin 10 mg/kg). Atorvastatin-induced a dose-dependent reduction of TNF-α and increase of IL-10 levels (P < 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that atorvastatin improved neurofunctional rehabilitation in rats through the suppression of cytokines-mediated inflammatory response and attenuation of brain damage following intracerebral hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Brains Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Tu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ewen
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiuting
authors.forename: Tang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chaogang
authors.forename: Tang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liming
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guanghong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011758:Pyrroles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D000069059:Atorvastatin