title: Emotional reactions and needs of family members of ICU patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to determine emotional reactions and needs of families of ICU patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group included 60 relatives of ICU patients, aged 18-80 years. The diagnostic questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The questionnaire contained questions regarding demographic data, emotions and needs as well as the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major emotions of patients' families on ICU admission were anxiety, uncertainty, fear, depression, and nervousness (particularly among parents and adult offsprings). On second-third day of hospitalisation, the emotions became less severe (P < 0.001). The anxiety-related emotional reactions were better controlled by men (P < 0.01); most women experienced stronger negative emotions (P < 0.05) and their needs to receive information and to be involved in patient care were expressed more.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Negative emotions of ICU patients' relatives were highly intense, especially amongst parents and adult children. Women were characterised by higher levels of emotions and needs compared to men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University of Cracow, Kraków, Poland. lucyna.plaszewska-zywko@uj.edu.pl
authors.forename: Lucyna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Płaszewska-Żywko
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gazda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D004644:Emotions; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged