title: In vivo characterization of 68Ga-NOTA-VEGF 121 for the imaging of VEGF receptor expression in U87MG tumor xenograft models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) are associated with tumor growth and induction of tumor angiogenesis and are known to be overexpressed in various human tumors. In the present study, we prepared and evaluated (68)Ga-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-benzyl (NOTA)-VEGF(121) as a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for the in vivo imaging of VEGFR expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  (68)Ga-NOTA-VEGF(121) was prepared by conjugation of VEGF(121) and p-SCN-NOTA, followed by radiolabeling with (68)GaCl(3) and then purification using a PD-10 column. Human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) binding of (68)Ga-NOTA-VEGF(121) was measured as a function of time. MicroPET and biodistribution studies of U87MG tumor xenografted mice were performed at 1, 2, and 4 h after injection of (68)Ga-NOTA-VEGF(121). The tumor tissues were then sectioned and subjected to immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The decay-corrected radiochemical yield of (68)Ga-NOTA-VEGF(121) was 40 ± 4.5 % and specific activity was 243.1 ± 104.6 GBq/μmol (8.6 ± 3.7 GBq/mg). (68)Ga-NOTA-VEGF(121) was avidly taken up by HAECs in a time-dependent manner, and the uptake was blocked either by 32 % with VEGF(121) or by 49 % with VEGFR2 antibody at 4 h post-incubation. In microPET images of U87MG tumor xenografted mice, radioactivity was accumulated in tumors (2.73±0.32 %ID/g at 2 h), and the uptake was blocked by 40 % in the presence of VEGF(121). In biodistribution studies, tumor uptake (1.84±0.14 %ID/g at 2 h) was blocked with VEGF(121) at a similar level (52 %) to that of microPET images. Immunostaining analysis of U87MG tumor tissues obtained after the microPET imaging showed high levels of VEGFR2 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that (68)Ga-NOTA-VEGF(121) has potential for the in vivo imaging of VEGFR expression. In addition, our results also suggest that the in vivo characteristics of radiolabeled VEGF depend on the properties of the radioisotope and the chelator used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
authors.forename: Choong Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Min Su
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Kyung-Han
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Yearn Seong
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017357:Cyclotrons; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011485:Protein Binding; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D010455:Peptides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C048993:1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor