title: Emotions, cognitive interference, and concentration disruption in youth sport.
abstract: We explored the relationship between emotions, cognitive interference, concentration disruption and performance in youth sport. In study 1, 150 youth sport athletes (Mage = 13.13 years, s = 1.79) completed measures of emotion, cognitive interference, and concentration disruption for their most recently completed competition. In Study 2, 46 female rhythmic gymnasts (Mage = 10.30 years, s = 1.74) completed measures of emotion immediately before competition, and measures of cognitive interference and concentration disruption immediately after competition. Study 1 showed that anxiety and dejection were associated with more interfering thoughts and greater disruptions in concentration, whereas the effects of anger and happiness on interfering thoughts differed relative to the age of participants. Specifically, anger was associated with more interfering thoughts only in younger athletes and happiness was associated with fewer interfering thoughts only in older athletes. Study 2 showed that emotions experienced before competition were not strongly associated with cognitive interference or concentration disruption, but athletes reporting more thoughts of escape in competition were less successful in the competition as measured by objective performance scores. These findings demonstrate that emotions are important for cognitive interference and concentration disruption, and provide some initial evidence that cognitive interference is important for performance in youth sport.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Allied Health Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. paul.mccarthy@gcu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Marc V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D000367:Age Factors; D000786:Anger; D001007:Anxiety; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006173:Gymnastics / Q000523:psychology*; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D013850:Thinking