title: Risk factors in reoperative thyroid surgery for recurrent goitre: our experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reoperative thyroid surgery is an uncommon operation associated with a higher complication rate; we reviewed our series of patients on whom reoperative thyroid surgery was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  106 patients had a thyroid reoperation for recurrent multinodular goiter (93 patients), recurrent thyrotoxicosis (3) or suspected malignancy (10); bilateral completion thyroidectomy was performed in 68 cases, lobectomy in 36, removal of a mediastinal recurrence and of a pyramidal remnant in 1 patient respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Temporary hypoparathyroidism occurred in 41 patients (38.67%), definitive in 7 (6.6%), transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in 5 (4.71%), permanent nerve palsy in 1 (0.94%); in 3 cases (2.83%) surgical revision of haemostasis was necessary for postoperative haemorrhage. After monolateral surgery we had 13 cases of transient hypoparathyroidism (34.21%), 2 of definitive (5.26%) and 1 transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (2.63%); after bilateral surgery we had 29 cases of transient hypoparathyroidism (42.64%), 5 of definitive (7.35%), 4 of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (5.88%), 1 of definitive (1.47%) and 3 of postoperative bleeding (4.41%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reoperative thyroid surgery is a technical challenge with a high incidence of complications. Scarring, edema and friability of the tissues together with distortion of the landmarks make reoperative surgery hazardous. A higher risk of complications is described when previous surgery has been performed on both sides. Total thyroidectomy should be considered the procedure of choice for benign multinodular goiter eliminating the potential of a reoperation. Whenever necessary, reoperative thyroidectomy may be performed safely with little morbidity in experienced hands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Calò
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Medas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tatti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuveri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolosi
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006042:Goiter / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013965:Thyroidectomy