title: IsoPCR: an analytically sensitive, nested, multiplex nucleic acid amplification method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nucleic acid tests that can simultaneously detect multiple targets with high sensitivity, specificity, and speed are highly desirable. To meet this need, we developed a new approach we call the isoPCR method.
  
  
  METHODS
  The isoPCR method is a 2-stage nested-like nucleic acid amplification method that combines a single multiplex preamplification PCR with subsequent distinct detection of specific targets by use of isothermal amplification. We compared isoPCR to nested quantitative PCR (qPCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and nested LAMP (PCR followed by LAMP), for detection of DNA from Candida glabrata. We evaluated the method's multiplex capability for detecting low copy numbers of pathogens commonly involved in sepsis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IsoPCR provided detection of 1 copy of Candida glabrata, an LOD that was 5-fold lower than a nested qPCR assay (5 copies), while the amplification time was simultaneously halved. Similarly, the LOD for isoPCR was lower than that for a LAMP assay (1000 copies) and a nested LAMP assay (5 copies). IsoPCR required recognition of 6 regions for detection, thereby providing a theoretically higher specificity compared to nested qPCR (4 regions). The isoPCR multiplexing capability was demonstrated by simultaneous detection of 4 pathogens with individual LODs of 10 copies or fewer. Furthermore, the specificity of isoPCR was demonstrated by successful pathogen detection from samples with more than 1 pathogen present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IsoPCR provides a molecular diagnostic tool for multiplex nucleic acid detection, with an LOD down to 1 copy, high theoretical specificity, and halving of the amplification time compared to a nested qPCR assay.
authors.affiliation: Atonomics A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark. mjs@atonomics.com
authors.forename: Martin Jensen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Søe
authors.forename: Mikkel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Warthoe
mesh_terms: D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis*; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal