title: Concentration of various trace elements in the rat retina and their distribution in different structures.
abstract: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the total amount of trace elements in retina from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6). Concentration of trace elements within individual retinal areas in frozen sections of the fellow eye was established with the use of two methodologies: (1) particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) in combination with 3D depth profiling with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and (2) synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) microscopy. The most abundant metal in the retina was zinc, followed by iron and copper. Nickel, manganese, chromium, cobalt, selenium and cadmium were present in very small amounts. The PIXE and SXRF analysis yielded a non-homogenous pattern distribution of metals in the retina. Relatively high levels of zinc were found in the inner part of the photoreceptor inner segments (RIS)/outer limiting membrane (OLM), inner nuclear layer and plexiform layers. Iron was found to accumulate in the retinal pigment epithelium/choroid layer and RIS/OLM. Copper in turn, was localised primarily in the RIS/OLM and plexiform layers. The trace elements iron, copper, and zinc exist in different amounts and locations in the rat retina.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester and Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. mugarte@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ugarte
authors.forename: Geoffrey W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Grime
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.forename: Kalotina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geraki
authors.forename: Joanna F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Collingwood
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Finnegan
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farnfield
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Melanie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Neil I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Neville N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Osborne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012160:Retina / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017356:Synchrotrons; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc