title: Histopathologic investigation of the effects of prostaglandin E2 administered by different methods on tooth movement and bone metabolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the in vivo effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) administered by different methods on orthodontic tooth movement and bone metabolism macroscopically, histopatologically, and biochemically.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five young adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 10/group), 1 positive control group (n = 10), and 1 negative control group (n = 5). The experimental rabbits were fitted with springs exerting 20-g reciprocal force on the maxillary incisors and PGE2 (10 µg/mL) was administered by the intravenous, submucosal, or intraligamentous route after appliance insertion and on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 thereafter. All rabbits were sacrificed on day 21 and their premaxillae were resected for histologic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tooth movement was observed in the experimental and positive control groups, but the intraligamentous PGE2 group had the highest values of all analyzed parameters, including serum calcium and phosphorus levels and osteoclastic and osteoblastic populations (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Submucosal and intraligamentous PGE2 administration significantly increases orthodontic tooth movement and bone metabolism, but the intraligamentous route seems to be more effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dentistry Faculty, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cağlaroğlu
authors.forename: Abdulvahit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erdem
keywords: Experimental tooth movement; Intraligamentary; Optical dissector method; PGE2