title: Short sleep duration, glucose dysregulation and hormonal regulation of appetite in men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the hormonal effects of reducing sleep duration under controlled feeding conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven normal weight, 30- to 45-yr-old men and women habitually sleeping 7-9 hr/night.
  
  
  METHODS
  PARTICIPANTS WERE STUDIED UNDER TWO SLEEP CONDITIONS: short (4 hr in bed) or habitual (9 hr in bed) sleep. A controlled diet was provided for each 4-day study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting blood samples were obtained daily and frequent blood samples were obtained throughout day 4. The main outcomes measures included glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, total glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)) concentrations. Body weights were reduced by 2.2 ± 0.4 lb and 1.7 ± 0.4 lb during the habitual and short sleep phases, respectively (both P < 0.0001). There was no effect of sleep duration on glucose, insulin, and leptin profiles (all P > 0.05). Ghrelin and GLP-1 responses differed by sex. Short sleep increased fasting (P = 0.054) and morning (08:00-12:00) (P = 0.042) total ghrelin in men but not women. The reverse was observed for GLP-1: afternoon levels (12:30-19:00) were lower (P = 0.016) after short sleep compared with habitual sleep in women but not men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that, in the context of negative energy balance, short sleep does not lead to a state of increased insulin resistance, but may predispose to overeating via separate mechanisms in men and women.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Trial registration on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. #NCT00935402.
authors.affiliation: New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA. ms2554@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: St-Onge
authors.forename: Majella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Keeffe
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Arindam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: RoyChoudhury
authors.forename: Blandine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laferrère
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001835:Body Weight; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin
keywords: Ghrelin; hormonal regulation; leptin; sleep