title: Chemical composition and antioxidative activity of Echinophora platyloba DC. essential oil, and its interaction with natural antimicrobials against food-borne pathogens and spoilage organisms.
abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the chemical composition and antioxidative capacity of Echinophora platyloba DC. essential oil, and its antimicrobial potency against Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Rhodotorula rubra, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS; and evaluated for its antioxidative and antimicrobial (singly or in combination with chitosan, nisin, monolaurin, or amphotericin B) activity. Thirty-three components were characterized representing 95.69% of the total oil composition in which thymol, trans-ocimene, carvacrol, and (E)-sesqui-lavandulol were the major constituents. The oil exhibited high scavenging (IC(50): 49.7 ± 2.3 μg/mL) and relative antioxidative activity (RAA%: 85.21 ± 0.4) in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assays, respectively. The oil showed antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, R. Rubra, and R. mucilaginosa. Moreover, R. mucilaginosa and P. aeruginosa were the most susceptible and most resistant organisms, respectively. Regarding the checkerboard data, 47 fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICIs) (≤ 0.5) indicated synergistic, whereas 7 FICIs (>0.5 to 1) indicated additive effect. Consequently, E. platyloba DC. essential oil could be used as a recommended natural antioxidant and antimicrobial substance for food preservation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 34141, Iran. saei.siavash57@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S Siavash
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Saei-Dehkordi
authors.forename: Aziz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fallah
authors.forename: S Saeid
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Saei-Dehkordi
authors.forename: Sanaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kousha
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019661:Apiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081007:Cymenes; D004347:Drug Interactions; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007848:Laurates / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050178:Monoglycerides / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D009561:Nisin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D013943:Thymol / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D000081007:Cymenes; D007848:Laurates; D050178:Monoglycerides; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010851:Picrates; D010938:Plant Oils; D019207:beta Carotene; D009561:Nisin; C020777:monolaurin; D013943:Thymol; D000666:Amphotericin B; D048271:Chitosan; C073316:carvacrol; D019787:Linoleic Acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C492921:lavandulol