title: [Update pneumonia 2012].
abstract: Pneumonia is an infection of the lung parenchyma and defined as combination of a novel radiological infiltrate with typical signs and symptoms. There are 3 distinguished entities of pneumonia: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and pneumonia in the immunocompromised patient. The spectrum of pathogens is increasing from CAP, mostly caused by pneumococci, over HAP (additional multi-drug resistant pathogens) to pneumonia in the immunocompromised (additional opportunistic pathogens). Therefore, each entity demands a specific diagnostic and therapeutic approach. This review compares the 3 forms of pneumonia and presents a guideline based clinical approach in the context of current studies.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Germany. mathias.pletz@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Pletz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ewig
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Welte
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Höffken
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060085:Coinfection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents