title: Occurrence of Encephalitozoon intestinalis in the Red ruffed lemur (Varecia rubra) and the Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) housed in the Poznan Zoological Garden, Poland.
abstract: Encephalitozoon intestinalis is one of the most common microsporidial species found in humans worldwide but it has rarely been identified in animals. The presence of this pathogen has been detected in a few species of domestic, captive and wild mammals as well as in three species of birds. The aim of the present study was to examine fecal samples obtained from mammals housed in the Poznan Zoological Garden, Poland, for the presence of potentially human-infectious microsporidia. A total of 339 fresh fecal samples collected from 75 species of mammals belonging to 27 families and 8 orders were examined for the presence of microsporidian spores. Microsporidian spores were identified in 3 out of 339 (0.9%) examined fecal samples. All samples identified as positive by chromotrope 2R and calcofluor white M2R were also positive by the FISH assay. Using multiplex FISH in all 3 fecal samples, only spores of E. intestinalis were identified in 2 out of 14 Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and in one out of 17 Red ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata rubra). To our knowledge this is the first diagnosis of E. intestinalis in Ring-tailed and Red ruffed lemurs. It should be mentioned that both lemur species are listed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Although the lemurs were asymptomatically infected, the possibility of widespread infection or death of these animals remains in the event of an elevated stress or a decrease in their immunological functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry Street, 61-701 Poznan, Poland. aslodk@ump.edu.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Słodkowicz-Kowalska
authors.forename: Anna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Majewska
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trzesowska
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Skrzypczak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000382:microbiology*; D016819:Encephalitozoon / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016890:Encephalitozoonosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D007900:Lemur / Q000145:classification* / Q000382:microbiology*; D011044:Poland; D013045:Species Specificity