title: Two aircraft carriers’ perspectives: a comparative of control measures in shipboard H1N1 outbreaks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The USS George Washington (GW) and the USS Ronald Reagan (RR), 2 US Navy aircraft carriers, experienced almost simultaneous outbreaks of novel H1N1 influenza A in the summer of 2009. We compared the respective epidemic control measures taken and subsequent lessons learned.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collated from both outbreaks to assess various elements including attack rate, isolation/quarantine protocols, and treatment methods. The respective duration of each outbreak was compared with survival curve analysis. The number of personnel affected in each outbreak was compared using χ2 analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences were found in the protocols used on the 2 ships. The GW treated about two-thirds of the patients with oseltamivir through day 14 and quarantined all patients meeting case definition throughout the outbreak. Face masks were used throughout. The RR used oseltamivir and quarantined many fewer patients (through days 5 and 3, respectively). No face masks were used after day 5. The outbreaks were similar in duration (GW = 25 days, RR = 27 days, P = .38), but the RR had significantly more cases (n = 253 vs 142, P < .0001). A portion of each group had samples that were confirmed H1N1 by polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GW's protocol, including aggressive oseltamivir treatment of two-thirds of the cases and quarantine throughout the duration decreased the overall number of personnel affected, likely reducing the overall control reproduction number. Both outbreaks were similar in duration. Even though the GW expended significantly more resources than the RR, if the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain had been as clinically severe as the 1918 pandemic, a more stringent treatment protocol may have been the only way to prevent significant operational impact.
authors.forename: Jared L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: LaVan
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Brand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011790:Quarantine; D012767:Ships; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D053139:Oseltamivir