title: Fetal axillary cystic hygroma: a novel association with triple X syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Triple X syndrome is a relatively common sex chromosomal aneuploidy with an estimated incidence of one in every 1000 female births. There is considerable diversity in phenotypes among patients with triple X syndrome. Triple X syndrome has been shown to have associated abnormalities, with genitourinary malformations being the most consistent. Cystic hygroma (CH) is a lymphatic malformation that occurs because of the lack of development of communication between the lymphatic and the venous systems. CH has an incidence of 1 in every 6000-10,000 live births. CH is associated with a variety of conditions, including chromosomal aneuploidies and fetal malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of prenatally detected triple X syndrome with axillary CH as an isolated finding. The patient was referred because of a fetal cystic mass at the right axillary region. Amniocentesis revealed 47,XXX karyotype, and no additional abnormalities were detected prenatally or after abortion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a novel description of axillary CH associated with triple X syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Seyhan, Adana, Turkey. c_iskender@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Cantekin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iskender
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tarım
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cok
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yalcinkaya
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalaycı
authors.forename: Feride
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sahin
mesh_terms: D000025:Abortion, Eugenic; D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D018191:Lymphangioma, Cystic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations; D058533:Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics*; D014314:Trisomy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal