title: Fresh frozen plasma for progressive and refractory angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angioedema secondary to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) is a commonly encountered problem in the Emergency Department (ED). The treatment of ACEI-induced edema with conventional methods such as epinephrine, steroids, and antihistamines is usually not effective. There is limited experience using bradykinin receptor blockers and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) as a treatment modality for ACEI-induced angioedema.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To emphasize alternative treatment option for ACEI-induced angioedema in the ED.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case series of progressive and refractory presumed ACEI-induced angioedema that all improved in temporal association with administration of FFP, with a brief review of the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a temporal association between the administration of FFP and improvement in angioedema in seven cases of presumed ACEI-induced angioedema that were refractory to antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Medical College, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Getaw Worku
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hassen
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalantari
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parraga
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chirurgi
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meletiche
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jacque
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ciarlo
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gazi
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lobaito
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tadayon
authors.forename: Selamawit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yemane
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000799:Angioedema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010949:Plasma; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors