title: Risk factors associated with seropositivity to small ruminant lentiviruses in goat herds.
abstract: Cross-sectional studies based on serological testing and questionnaires were conducted at 5-yr intervals (1996, 2002 and 2007) in goat breeding herds from Poland to determine true herd-level seroprevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis and the herd-level risk factors for seropositivity. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed for data from 1996 and the combined data from 2002 and 2007, separately. True herd-level seroprevalences in 1996, 2002 and 2007 were 30.8% (CI 95%: 20.5-41.0%), 65.7% and 71.9%, respectively. The import of goats from abroad was a risk factor only in 1996 (OR 13.6, CI 95%: 1.14-162). The presence of seropositive bucks in a herd was a risk factor in 1996 (OR 21, CI 95%: 1.89-233) and in 2002-2007 (OR 2.9, CI 95%: 1.04-8.4). Moreover, large herds (>30 does in 1996 or >100 does in 2002-2007) were more likely to be seropositive than smaller herds (OR=10.1, CI 95%: 2.17-46 in 1996 and OR 5.4, CI 95%: 1.11-26 in 2002-2007).
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Department of Large Animal Diseases with the Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland. jaroslaw_kaba@sggw.pl
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaba
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czopowicz
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganter
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowicki
authors.forename: Lucjan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowicka
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Szaluś-Jordanow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology*; D006041:Goats; D016180:Lentivirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017972:Lentiviruses, Ovine-Caprine / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors