title: Five year trends on total and abdominal adiposity in Spanish adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess five years trends in total and abdominal fat in Spanish adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cross-sectional studies: adolescents from the city of Zaragoza (Spain) assessed during 2001-2002 and 2006-2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  399 adolescents in 2001-02 and 392 adolescents in 2006-07.
  
  
  METHODS
  Socio-economic status was assessed using the education level of both parents. A complete anthropometric assessment was performed in both surveys using the same methodology: weight, height, skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, thigh and calf) and circumferences (waist and hip). The body mass index (BMI) and the sum of 6 skinfold thicknesses were calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%) was also calculated by the formulas described by Slaughter et al.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age and pubertal status, only females showed a significantly decrease in weight, BMI and waist circumference, and a significant increase in the sum of 6 skinfolds (all P < 0.05 and Cohen's d ≥ 0.25) in 2006-2007, when compared to values obtained in 2001-2002. Males did not show any significant change between the two surveys. Concerning centile values, a slight general reduction was observed in weight, BMI and waist circumference for both males and females. On the contrary, the sum of 6 skinfolds and the BF% were higher in 2006-2007 than in 2001-2002.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to these results, there might be a levelling-off in the trends of BMI, BF% and waist circumference in male adolescents from Zaragoza. In females, despite a trend towards higher body fat mass, there was a trend towards lower BMI and waist circumference values.
authors.affiliation: Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zargaza, Spain. lmoreno@unizar.es
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moliner-Urdiales
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mesana
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vicente-Rodríguez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fleta
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Fuentes
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Gross
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D012923:Social Class; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference