title: Toxicity of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
abstract: Juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were used as a model to investigate acute toxicity and oxidative stress caused by silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The fish were exposed to different concentrations of Ag-NPs for 48 h and 96 h. After exposure, antioxidant enzyme levels were measured, including glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxidase dismutase, and catalase (CAT). Other biochemical parameters and histological abnormalities in different tissues (i.e., the liver, gills, and brain) were also examined. The results showed that Ag-NPs agglomerated in freshwater used during the exposure experiments, with particle size remaining <100 nm. Ag-NPs had no lethal effect on fish after 4 days of exposure. Biochemical analysis showed that enzymatic activities in the brain of the fish exposed to 200 μg/L of Ag-NPs were significantly reduced. Varied antioxidant enzyme activity was recorded in the liver and gills. Varied antioxidant enzyme activity was recorded for CAT in the liver and GST in the gills of the fish. However, the recovery rate of fish exposed to 200 μg/L of Ag-NPs was slower than when lower particle concentrations were used. Other biochemical indices showed no significant difference, except for NH(3) and blood urea nitrogen concentrations in fish exposed to 50 μg/L of Ag-NPs. This study provides new evidence about the effects of nanoparticles on aquatic organisms.
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Nanji-ro 184, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byoungcheun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cuong Ngoc
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: Jaegu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jaewoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyungtae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Youngrok
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Pilje
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyunghee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Junheon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D053769:Nanocapsules; D019343:Citric Acid; D012834:Silver