title: Antioxidant activity via DPPH, gram-positive and gram-negative antimicrobial potential in edible mushrooms.
abstract: Edible mushrooms (EMs) are nutritionally rich source of proteins and essential amino acids. In the present study, the antioxidant activity via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and antimicrobial potential in EMs (Pleurotus ostreatus, Morchella esculenta, P. ostreatus (Black), P. ostreatus (Yellow) and Pleurotus sajor-caju) were investigated. The DPPH radical scavenging activity revealed that the significantly higher activity (66.47%) was observed in Morchella esculenta at a maximum concentration. Similarly, the dose-dependent concentrations (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 µg) were also used for other four EMs. Pleurotus ostreatus exhibited 36.13% activity, P. ostreatus (Black (B)) exhibited 30.64%, P. ostreatus (Yellow (Y)) exhibited 40.75% and Pleurotus sajor-caju exhibited 47.39% activity at higher concentrations. Furthermore, the antimicrobial potential were investigated for its toxicity against gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Erwinia carotovora and Agrobacterium tumifaciens), gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus atrophaeus and Staphylococcus aureus) and a fungal strain (Candida albicans) in comparison with standard antibiotics. Antimicrobial screening revealed that the ethanol extract of P. ostreatus was active against all microorganism tested except E. coli. Maximum zone of inhibition (13 mm) was observed against fungus and A. tumifaciens. P. sajor-caju showed best activities (12.5 mm) against B. subtilis, B. atrophaeus and K. pneumonia. P. ostreatus (Y) showed best activities against P. aeroginosa (21.83 mm), B. atrophaeus (20 mm) and C. albicans (21 mm). P. ostreatus (B) exhibited best activities against C. albicans (16 mm) and slightly lower activities against all other microbes except S. typhi. M. esculenta possess maximum activities in terms of inhibition zone against all microorganisms tested except S. typhi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan nisarbiotech@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nisar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fazal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahid Akbar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Roshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zamir
authors.affiliation: Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fazal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bilal Haider
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Abbasi
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants
keywords: DPPH; Edible mushrooms; antimicrobial; antioxidant activity; microbes