title: Measuring acceptance in irritable bowel syndrome: preliminary validation of an adapted scale and construct utility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been well established that how irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients respond to their illness experiences (physical, psychological) has a great impact on their symptoms, psychosocial functioning and quality of life. Recently it has been shown that using acceptance coping strategies (rather than control coping strategies) is linked to positive outcomes in several chronic illness contexts (e.g. chronic pain, diabetes, epilepsy).This study is intended to evaluate the factor structure and other psychometric properties of an acceptance measure adapted for the IBS population (IBSAAQ) and to investigate its possible utility in the prediction of key IBS outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 121 IBS patients attending a specialized gastroenterology clinic completed a series of self-report measures assessing acceptance of IBS, general acceptance, symptom severity, IBS impact on quality of life, general quality of life, gastrointestinal-specific anxiety, avoidant coping behaviours, depression, anxiety and stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis supported a 2-factor structure explaining 48.5% of variance. The total scale and its subscales (activity engagement/IBS willingness) were found to have adequate internal consistency (all α's > 0.80) and test-retest stability. Correlation analyses showed good convergent and concurrent validity. Regression analyses showed that the IBSAAQ and its subscales significantly contributed to the prediction of IBS outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IBSAAQ is a valid and reliable measure of acceptance in IBS. This measure might be of use for the study of the impact of coping strategies on outcomes in IBS and of the effectiveness of acceptance-based approaches (e.g. acceptance and commitment therapy).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK. Nuno.Ferreira@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nuno Bravo
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Maria P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Eugenicos
authors.forename: Paul Graham
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Gillanders
mesh_terms: D064869:Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult