title: Preoperative quality of life predicts survival following pulmonary resection in stage I non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic role of preoperative quality of life (QoL) in patients operated on for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an observational analysis of 131 consecutive patients (2003-08) submitted to pulmonary lobectomy and systematic nodal dissection for pathological pT1N0 or pT2N0 stages NSCLC with a complete follow-up (median 40 months). QoL was measured by the Short Form 36v2, a multidimensional survey assessing eight domains and two composite scales (physical component score [PCS] and mental component score [MCS]). Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to assess differences between groups. The relationships between survival and QoL composite scales were determined by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusting for the effect of several baseline and clinical variables. PCS and MCS were categorized according to their values greater or lower than 50 percentiles (general population norms).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three (40%) patients had PCS <50 and 71 (54%) had MCS <50. Results from physical functioning (P = 0.03) and general health (P = 0.03) scales were directly associated with survival. Multivariable regression showed that significant factors associated with overall survival were age >70 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.2-4.8, P = 0.01) and PCS <50 (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4-4.4, P = 0.01). MCS, pT stage, histology, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, DLCO were not associated with prognosis. Patients with PCS >50 lived longer than those with PCS <50 (5-year overall survival 79 vs 49%, P = 0.01), in both pT1 (5-year overall survival 80 vs 49%) and pT2 stages (5-year overall survival 78 vs 48%). Cancer-specific 5-year survival was better in patients with a preoperative PCS >50 compared with those with PCS <50 (89 vs 73%, P = 0.05). Deaths due to cancer recurrence were similar in patients with PCS <50 and >50 (55 vs 53%, P = 0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The physical component of QoL was associated with overall and cancer-specific survivals in patients operated on for early-stage NSCLC. Supportive interventions aimed at improving the perception of physical well-being should be tested to verify whether they can improve long-term prognosis after lung cancer surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Ancona, Italy. ceciliapompili@gmail.com
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salati
authors.forename: Majed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Refai
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.forename: Azzurra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onofri
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzanti
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome