title: Antioxidant Activity and phytochemical composition of the leaves of Solanum guaraniticum A. St.-Hil.
abstract: Solanum guaraniticum is a shrub belonging to the Solanaceae family popularly known in Brazil as jurubeba or false-jurubeba. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of crude extract and chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions from its leaves, verifying the ability to remove reactive species and identify and quantify phenolic compounds. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest amount of total polyphenols (546.57 ± 2.35 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and the lowest IC(50) (9.11 ± 0.75 µg/mL) by the DPPH method. Furthermore, the chloroform fraction  presented the highest content of flavonoids (75.73 ± 0.34 mg rutin equivalents/g), tannins  (56.03 ± 0.68 mg catechin equivalents/g) and alkaloids (10.79 ± 0.06 mg/g). This fraction was effective in the scavenging of reactive species by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay, in addition to completely reducing protein carbonyl content and reducing lipid peroxidation at basal levels even at low concentrations. Chlorogenic, caffeic and rosmarinic acids were identified and quantified by HPLC/DAD. These results show that  S. guaraniticum is rich in phenolic compounds and has potential as an antioxidant.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zadra
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piana
authors.forename: Thiele Faccim de
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.forename: Aline Augusti
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Boligon
authors.forename: Robson Borba de
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Michel Mansur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Sílvio Terra
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Stefanello
authors.forename: Félix Alexandre Antunes
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Margareth Linde
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Athayde
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053630:Depsides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D005419:Flavonoids; D005452:Fluoresceins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C110400:2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C040048:caffeic acid