title: In vitro organogenesis in three dimensions: self-organising stem cells.
abstract: Organ formation during embryogenesis is a complex process that involves various local cell-cell interactions at the molecular and mechanical levels. Despite this complexity, organogenesis can be modelled in vitro. In this article, we focus on two recent examples in which embryonic stem cells can self-organise into three-dimensional structures - the optic cup and the pituitary epithelium; and one case of self-organising adult stem cells - the gut epithelium. We summarise how these approaches have revealed intrinsic programs that drive locally autonomous modes of organogenesis and homeostasis. We also attempt to interpret the results of previous in vivo studies of retinal development in light of the self-organising nature of the retina.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenesis and Organogenesis Group, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan. yoshikisasai@cdb.riken.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasai
authors.forename: Mototsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eiraku
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suga
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005123:Eye / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000196:embryology; D012160:Retina / Q000196:embryology