title: [Aetiology and management of iatrogenic injury of the ureter: a review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ureteric injuries (IU) are common complications occurring during abdomino-pelvic surgical procedures. Our aim was to review risk factors, treatment and methods of prevention of these iatrogenic UI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review in English and French by Medline(®) was performed using the keywords: ureter; iatrogenic; injury; ureteroscopy; morbidity and endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of the epidemiology of IU shows that the first two causes are gynecological and urological surgery. In 80% of cases, the pelvic ureter was concerned. Mechanisms of injury were essentially ligation, section and ischemia by altering the ureteral vasculature. The main risk factors found were pelvic inflammation (endometriosis, radiation…) and the occurrence of bleeding during surgery. In the presence of risk factors, placing a double J stent or a CT may be useful preoperatively. The choice of reparation technique depended on the location of the PU, the circumstances of the occurrence and experience of the surgical team.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pelvic surgery is a provider of iatrogenic PU. Knowledge of the management of PU once occurred must be mastered before carrying out any risk surgery.
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, université Paris VI, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klap
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Phé
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chartier-Kastler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mozer
authors.forename: M-O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Bitker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rouprêt
mesh_terms: D003663:Decision Trees; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014513:Ureter / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries*