title: Radiopacity of flowable composite by a digital technique.
abstract: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the radiopacity of 19 current dental flowable composite materials by a digital technique. Digital radiographs were obtained with a CCD sensor using an aluminum step wedge, a 1-mm-thick tooth slice, and a 1-mm-thick flowable composite specimen using five different combinations of exposure and voltage. The radiopacity in pixels was determined using Digora 2.6. software. The equivalent thickness of aluminum for each material was then calculated based on the calibration curve. All of the tested flowable composite materials had higher radiopacities than that of dentin, but in almost every combination of exposure and voltage, there were some composite materials that exhibited radiopacities equal to or slightly greater than enamel p>α; α=0.01). Of the flowable composite materials tested, 37% showed lower radiopacities than enamel, and 21% of the tested materials had higher radiopacities than the 3-mm aluminum equivalent. The highest radiopacity at all exposure values was produced by the Majesty Flow and Charisma Opal Flow materials, which had radiopacities almost twice that of enamel. Flowable composite materials should have radiopacities greater than that of enamel (ISO 4049), an important consideration for the introduction of new materials to the market. The digital radiopacity analysis techniques used in this study provide an easy, reliable, rapid, and precise method to characterize radiopacity of dental flowable composite materials.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Pediatric Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia. dukic@sfzg.hr
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dukić
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delija
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lešić
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dubravica
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Derossi
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D003720:Densitometry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003804:Dentin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C539359:Amaris; C425826:Arabesk; C084111:Charisma composite resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D003287:Contrast Media; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; C510276:Esthet-X Flow; C467913:Filtek Flow; C474035:Filtek Supreme; C509998:Grandio; C423507:PermaFlow; C102735:Revolution (composite resin); C501891:Tetric EvoCeram; C525452:admira flow; C541508:clearfil majesty; C507210:premise composite resin; C452226:tetric flow composite resin; D000535:Aluminum