title: Cardiorenal biomarkers in acute heart failure.
abstract: Managing patients with heart failure (HF) is a challenging task within itself, but the presence of associated worsening renal function can greatly increase mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to prevent re-hospitalizations and reduce healthcare costs. Biomarkers have long been established as highly sensitive and specific tools in diagnosing and prognosticating patients with HF. Reflecting distinct pathophysiological events and ongoing cellular insult, biomarkers have been proven superior to conventional laboratory tests. Availability of better assays and rapid analysis has allowed the use of biomarkers as point-of-care tests in the emergency department and at the patient's bed-side. Acute HF patients often go on to develop worsening renal function, termed as acute cardiorenal syndrome. The growing breadth of studies has shown the implications of combining multiple biomarkers to better chart outcomes and produce desirable results in such patients.
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.forename: Dipika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.forename: Ben A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kipper
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De La Parra Landa
authors.forename: Hermineh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aramin
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Saloni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Maisel
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Cardiorenal biomarkers; Heart failure