title: Occupational and public field exposure from communication, navigation, and radar systems used for air traffic control.
abstract: Electromagnetic exposure (occupational and general public) to 14 types of air traffic control (ATC) systems is assessed. Measurement methods are proposed for in situ exposure assessment of these ATC systems. In total, 50 sites are investigated at 1,073 locations in the frequency range of 255 kHz to 24 GHz. For all installations, typical and maximal exposure values for workers and the general public are provided. Two of the 14 types of systems, Non-Directional Beacons (NDB) (up to 881.6 V m) and Doppler Very High Frequency (VHF) Omni-directional Range (DVOR) (up to 92.3 V m), exhibited levels requiring recommended minimum distances such that the ICNIRP reference levels are not exceeded. Cumulative exposure of all present radiofrequency (RF) sources is investigated, and it is concluded that the ATC source dominates the total exposure in its neighborhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology, Ghent University / IBBT, Gaston Crommenlaan 8, B-9050 Ghent, Belgium. wout.joseph@intec.UGent.be
authors.forename: Wout
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goeminne
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vermeeren
authors.forename: Leen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verloock
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martens
mesh_terms: D001359:Aviation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011825:Radar / Q000295:instrumentation