title: Evaluation of stain removal and inhibition properties of eight denture cleansers: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ability of eight denture cleansers to remove and inhibit tea-stain build-up on acrylic resin.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the stain removal study, Perspex(®) (cast heat polymerised resin) specimens previously soaked in saliva were stained using multiple exposures of chlorhexidine and tea solutions. Specimens were exposed for 1 min to one of the eight denture cleansers for five cycles, washed and dried and their optical density read on a uv/vis spectrophotometer at 295 nm. In the stain inhibition study, clear specimens were exposed to saliva followed by cleansers then tea solution, for five cycles. The build-up of stain at each cycle was measured, and differences in optical densities from baseline were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All denture cleansers were significantly more effective than water in removing stain (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in cleaning ability between cleansers (p < 0.001), Dentural(®) and Kleenite(®) were particularly effective. The stain inhibition experiment showed that most cleansers were significantly more effective than water in inhibiting stain (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in inhibition ability between cleansers (p < 0.01). Kleenite(®) and Equate were particularly effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All denture cleansers had a capacity to remove stain and most had an inhibitory effect on staining. Kleenite(®) was particularly effective in controlling stain formation.
authors.affiliation: School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Haila
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Huraishi
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jagger
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: MacDonald
mesh_terms: D001881:Borates / Q000737:chemistry; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003820:Denture Cleansers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012824:Silicic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D003764:Dental Materials; D003820:Denture Cleansers; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D013431:Sulfates; D013662:Tea; D014100:Toothpastes; C546060:hydrated silica gel-based toothpaste; D014867:Water; D012824:Silicic Acid; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; C102654:Polident; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D002710:Chlorhexidine