title: Digoxin intoxication: An old enemy in modern era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although development of new treatment modalities limited digoxin usage, digoxin intoxication is still an important issue which could be easily overlooked. In this report, we analyzed a case series definitively diagnosed as digoxin intoxication in the modern era.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 71 patients hospitalized with digoxin intoxication confirmed by history, complaints, clinical and electrocardiograph (ECG) findings, and serum digoxin levels > 2.0 ng/mL, during a five year period. The demographic and clinical data, indications for digoxin use, digoxin dosage, concurrent medications, laboratory data, hospital monitoring, and ECG findings were obtained from all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight of 71 patients (53.5%) had symptoms of heart failure during admission or later. Sixty-four percent of patients were older than 75 years. The percentage of females was 67%. Atrial fibrillation, hypertension and gastrointestinal complaints were more frequent in the females (64% in females, 30% in males, P = 0.007; 81% in female, 52% in males, P = 0.01; 50% in female, 17.3% in males, P = 0.008, respectively). The mortality rate during the hospital course was 7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report demonstrated the reduced mortality rates in patients with digoxin intoxication over the study period. Gastrointestinal complaints are the most common symptoms in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Medical Faculty, Canakkale 17100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahadir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kirilmaz
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saygi
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gungor
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Onsel Turk
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alioğlu
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akyuz
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Asgun
authors.forename: Istemihan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tengiz
authors.forename: Ertugrul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ercan
keywords: Arrhythmia; Digitalis; Digoxin intoxication; Heart failure