title: Determination of supplemental feeding needs for astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in salmonids by supramolecular solvent-based microextraction and liquid chromatography-UV/VIS spectroscopy.
abstract: Development of simple and rapid analytical methods for predicting supplemental feeding requirements in aquaculture is a need to reduce production costs. In this article, a supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) made up of decanoic acid (DeA) assemblies was proposed to simplify sample treatment in the total and individual determination of carotenoids (red-pink pigments) in farmed salmonids. The analytes were quantitatively extracted in a single step that spends a few minutes using a small volume of SUPRAS (i.e. 800 μL) and directly determined in extracts without the interference from fats or other matrix components. The methods based on the combination of microextraction with SUPRAS and photometry or HPLC-UV/VIS spectroscopy were developed for the determination of total and individual carotenoids, respectively. The applicability of the methods was demonstrated by analysing non-fortified and fortified samples of farmed Atlantic salmons and rainbow trouts. Recoveries obtained by photometry and HPLC-UV/VIS spectroscopy were within the intervals 98-104% and 94-106%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071-Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caballo
authors.forename: Esther María
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Costi
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sicilia
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D016644:Canthaxanthin / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D012487:Salmonidae; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D024341:Xanthophylls; D016644:Canthaxanthin; C005948:astaxanthine