title: Fast and accurate haplotype frequency estimation for large haplotype vectors from pooled DNA data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Typically, the first phase of a genome wide association study (GWAS) includes genotyping across hundreds of individuals and validation of the most significant SNPs. Allelotyping of pooled genomic DNA is a common approach to reduce the overall cost of the study. Knowledge of haplotype structure can provide additional information to single locus analyses. Several methods have been proposed for estimating haplotype frequencies in a population from pooled DNA data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We introduce a technique for haplotype frequency estimation in a population from pooled DNA samples focusing on datasets containing a small number of individuals per pool (2 or 3 individuals) and a large number of markers. We compare our method with the publicly available state-of-the-art algorithms HIPPO and HAPLOPOOL on datasets of varying number of pools and marker sizes. We demonstrate that our algorithm provides improvements in terms of accuracy and computational time over competing methods for large number of markers while demonstrating comparable performance for smaller marker sizes. Our method is implemented in the "Tree-Based Deterministic Sampling Pool" (TDSPool) package which is available for download at http://www.ee.columbia.edu/~anastas/tdspool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a tree-based determinstic sampling technique we present an algorithm for haplotype frequency estimation from pooled data. Our method demonstrates superior performance in datasets with large number of markers and could be the method of choice for haplotype frequency estimation in such datasets.
authors.affiliation: Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iliadis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anastassiou
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004247:DNA; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005788:Gene Pool; D005819:Genetic Markers; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D004247:DNA