title: Neural mechanisms of improvements in social motivation after pivotal response treatment: two case studies.
abstract: Pivotal response treatment (PRT) is an empirically validated behavioral treatment that has widespread positive effects on communication, behavior, and social skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For the first time, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neural correlates of successful response to PRT in two young children with ASD. Baseline measures of social communication, adaptive behavior, eye tracking and neural response to social stimuli were taken prior to treatment and after 4 months of PRT. Both children showed striking gains on behavioral measures and also showed increased activation to social stimuli in brain regions utilized by typically developing children. These results suggest that neural systems supporting social perception are malleable through implementation of PRT.
authors.affiliation: Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. avery.voos@gmail.com
authors.forename: Avery C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Voos
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pelphrey
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tirrell
authors.forename: Danielle Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Bolling
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vander Wyk
authors.forename: Martha D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McPartland
authors.forename: Fred R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Volkmar
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ventola
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology; D012919:Social Behavior