title: The influence of smoking and surgical technique on the accuracy of mucosa-supported  stereolithographic surgical guide in complete edentulous upper jaws.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The accuracy of a stereolithographic surgical guide depends on several variables that can affect at any time from the software-planning stage to the surgical field.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of implants inserted using a single mucosa-supported stereolithographic surgical guide determining also the influence of surgical technique (fixed and not-fixed) and smoking on the deviation parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 patients, totally edentate in the upper arch and needed an implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, were selected. 95 implants were planned and inserted. The pre- and post-operative CT images were compared using software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Global, coronal (Mean: 1.65; Range: 3.00-0.13; SD:0.56) and apical (Mean: 2.15; Range: 4.23-0.34; SD:0.81), and angular (Mean: 4.62; Range: 15.25-0.28; SD: 2.74) deviation values were determined. The mean values of mucosa thickness in smokers and nonsmokers patients were 4.53 mm and 3.42 mm respectively (p < .05). The accuracy data showed a better result for the angular deviation when the surgical template was fixed (p = .002) and a better global apical deviation in the nonsmokers (p <. 05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is essential, especially in smoker patients, to respect a minimum safety distance of 3 mm from limiting anatomic structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. michele.cassetta@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cassetta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pompa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piccoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pacifici
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pacifici
mesh_terms: D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000473:pathology*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants