title: Synthesis, copolymerization and peptide-modification of carboxylic acid-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOTacid) for neural electrode interfaces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conjugated polymers have been developed as effective materials for interfacing prosthetic device electrodes with neural tissue. Recent focus has been on the development of conjugated polymers that contain biological components in order to improve the tissue response upon implantation of these electrodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carboxylic acid-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOTacid) monomer was synthesized in order to covalently bind peptides to the surface of conjugated polymer films. EDOTacid was copolymerized with EDOT monomer to form stable, electrically conductive copolymer films referred to as PEDOT-PEDOTacid. The peptide GGGGRGDS was bound to PEDOT-PEDOTacid to create peptide functionalized PEDOT films.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PEDOT-PEDOTacid-peptide films increased the adhesion of primary rat motor neurons between 3 and 9 times higher than controls, thus demonstrating that the peptide maintained its biological activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EDOT-acid monomer can be used to create functionalized PEDOT-PEDOTacid copolymer films that can have controlled bioactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEDOT-PEDOTacid-peptide films have the potential to control the behavior of neurons and vastly improve the performance of implanted electrodes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Organic Bioelectronics-Novel Applications in Biomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Povlich
authors.forename: Jae Cheol
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Michelle K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: Jinsang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D010455:Peptides; D011108:Polymers; C121383:poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)