title: Enumeration of 166 billion organic small molecules in the chemical universe database GDB-17.
abstract: Drug molecules consist of a few tens of atoms connected by covalent bonds. How many such molecules are possible in total and what is their structure? This question is of pressing interest in medicinal chemistry to help solve the problems of drug potency, selectivity, and toxicity and reduce attrition rates by pointing to new molecular series. To better define the unknown chemical space, we have enumerated 166.4 billion molecules of up to 17 atoms of C, N, O, S, and halogens forming the chemical universe database GDB-17, covering a size range containing many drugs and typical for lead compounds. GDB-17 contains millions of isomers of known drugs, including analogs with high shape similarity to the parent drug. Compared to known molecules in PubChem, GDB-17 molecules are much richer in nonaromatic heterocycles, quaternary centers, and stereoisomers, densely populate the third dimension in shape space, and represent many more scaffold types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, NCCR TransCure, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruddigkeit
authors.forename: Ruud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Deursen
authors.forename: Lorenz C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Reymond
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D062126:Databases, Chemical; D062313:Databases, Pharmaceutical; D015195:Drug Design; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015394:Molecular Structure; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000737:chemistry*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs