title: Labeled vs actual concentration of bleaching agents.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if the actual concentration of bleaching agents available in four different countries were the same as the label indicated and within the recommendations of the International Standard on Tooth Whitening. The method recommended for assaying peroxide by the United States Pharmacopeia was used to determine concentrations. All products in the United States and China were within the standard when products were tested immediately upon delivery at testing sites. One product in Saudi Arabia and three products in Brazil had greater than 30% concentration loss. Three of 24 products in the United States did not meet the International Standard when they were tested at month of expiration.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Dentistry, Restorative, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Matis
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Matis
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Al-Qunaian
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Millard
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002681:China; D004348:Drug Labeling / Q000592:standards*; D004356:Drug Storage; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D008422:Materials Testing; D010545:Peroxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D010602:Pharmacopoeias as Topic; D012015:Reference Standards; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D013997:Time Factors; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D010545:Peroxides; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide