title: Long-term effects of irrigation with waste water on soil AM fungi diversity and microbial activities: the implications for agro-ecosystem resilience.
abstract: The effects of irrigation with treated urban wastewater (WW) on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity and soil microbial activities were assayed on a long-term basis in a semiarid orange-tree orchard. After 43 years, the soil irrigated with fresh water (FW) had higher AMF diversity than soils irrigated with WW. Microbial activities were significantly higher in the soils irrigated with WW than in those irrigated with FW. Therefore, as no negative effects were observed on crop vitality and productivity, it seems that the ecosystem resilience gave rise to the selection of AMF species better able to thrive in soils with higher microbial activity and, thus, to higher soil fertility.
authors.affiliation: CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. mmalguacil@cebas.csic.es
authors.forename: Maria del Mar
authors.initials: Mdel M
authors.lastname: Alguacil
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torrecillas
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Fuensanta
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García-Orenes
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roldán
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D000383:Agriculture; D044822:Biodiversity; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D017753:Ecosystem; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013995:Time; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D062065:Wastewater