title: The novel use of objective laboratory school tasks to measure stress responses in children with ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To pilot the novel use of 2 existing laboratory school measures--the Permanent Product Measure of Performance (PERMP) and the Grammar Task--as provoking stimuli of stress, and to observe the effects of medication and stress on children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children received individually determined optimal doses of an oral methylphenidate stimulant medication on 1 of 2 consecutive modified laboratory school days, which is a setting that is known for being a reliable measure of the exact timing of treatment effects. Blood pressure and heart rate measurements collected after administration of the PERMP, an ability-adjusted math test, were presumed to be stress related when compared with baseline data. In addition, children ranked their stress levels on a stress rating scale and completed the Grammar Task as a measure of academic performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven subjects enrolled in and completed the study. The results suggest that children with ADHD demonstrate a decreased stress response when medicated, as measured by blood pressure, heart rate, and academic performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Completion of a more difficult PERMP was associated with an increased stress response. This study supports an expanded use of both the PERMP and Grammar Task. Future controlled studies should include larger samples and other indicants of stress responses, particularly peripherally circulating catecholamine levels.
authors.affiliation: Child Development Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612, USA. sbwigal@uci.edu
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wigal
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: Annamarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stehli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D012574:Schools; D013315:Stress, Psychological
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate