title: An environmental assessment of the parasite fauna of the reef-associated grouper Epinephelus areolatus from Indonesian waters.
abstract: Sixty Epinephelus areolatus were examined for metazoan fish parasites in Indonesia, off Segara Anakan lagoon, Java and in Balinese waters. The study revealed 21 different parasite species, and 14 new host and locality records. The anisakid nematodes Anisakis typica and, for the first time in Indonesia, Anisakis sp. HC-2005 were identified by using molecular methods. Ecological parameters were calculated for both sites off the anthropogenically influenced Segara Anakan lagoon and the relatively undisturbed reference site at the southern Balinese coast. The fish from Segara Anakan demonstrated a significantly higher enzymatic activity (Hepatosomatic index) and a significantly reduced number of heteroxenous gut helminths (e.g. the digenean Didymodiclinus sp., the nematode Raphidascaris sp. and the acanthocephalan Serrasentis sagittifer). Other regional differences for E. areolatus included ecto-/endoparasite ratio, endoparasite diversity, the parasite species composition and prevalence of infection of the respective parasite species. We applied the stargraph method to visualize observed regional differences using grouper parasites as biological indicators for the sampled coastal ecosystems at both sampling sites.
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kleinertz
authors.affiliation: Center for Studies on Animal Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Bali 80361, Indonesia.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Damriyasa
authors.affiliation: Marine Zoology, BreMarE Bremen Marine Ecology Centre for Research & Education, Bremen University, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Theisen
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Palm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000469:parasitology*; D044822:Biodiversity; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D007214:Indonesia; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods; D010271:Parasites / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D010274:Parasitology / Q000379:methods