title: Human insulin versus porcine insulin in rhesus monkeys with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monkeys with insulin-dependent diabetes are important preclinical animal models for islet transplantation. Exogenous insulin should be administered to achieve good glycemic control and minimize the long-term vascular complications associated with diabetes until the graft function recovered completely. However, the effect of multiple daily injections of porcine or human insulin and the long-term effects of porcine insulin have not been studied in diabetic rhesus monkeys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetic rhesus monkeys, using a 6-month self-control insulin comparison experiment, were used to detect the incidence of adverse events and long-term diabetes complication events after long-term administration of porcine insulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we found that a 20% higher dose of porcine insulin results in similar glycemic control as the human insulin regimen, and adverse events were seldom reported when porcine insulin was administered. Moreover, long-term injection with porcine insulin could delay the rate and severity of diabetes-related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Porcine insulin as a competent candidate for regular insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose levels in insulin-dependent diabetic monkeys during preclinical studies of islet transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sirong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Younan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jingqiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yanrong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061386:Insulin, Regular, Human / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061389:Insulin, Regular, Pork / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D061386:Insulin, Regular, Human; D061389:Insulin, Regular, Pork