title: Improvement in pain, fatigue, and subjective sleep quality through sleep hygiene tips in patients with fibromyalgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of sleep hygiene instructions for women with fibromyalgia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy women with fibromyalgia completed the study. The assessment comprised the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a general questionnaire with personal data and lifestyle information. All patients received information about the disease and a sleep diary, but only the experimental group received the sleep hygiene instructions. Patients were asked to practice sleep hygiene, and, after three months, they were reevaluated by use of the same questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age in the control group was 55.2 ±7.12 years, and, in the experimental group, 53.5 ±8.89 years (P = 0.392). The experimental group showed: a decrease in the pain Visual Analogue Scale values (P = 0.028), in fatigue (P = 0.021), and in the PSQI component 1 (P = 0.030); and a significant reduction in the difficulty falling asleep after waking up in the middle of the night (P = 0.031). The experimental group also showed an increase in the reporting percentage of "silent environment" (ranging from 42.9% to 68.6%), a decrease in the reporting percentage of "fairly quiet environment" (ranging from 40% to 22.9%), and a decrease in the reporting percentage of "noisy environment" (ranging from 17.1% to 8.6%). These changes facilitated falling asleep after waking up in the middle of the night.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sleep hygiene instructions allowed changing the patients' behavior, which resulted in pain and fatigue improvement, increased subjective quality of sleep, in addition to facilitating falling asleep after waking up in the middle of the night.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo. aline.orlandi@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Aline Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Orlandi
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: Andrea Lopes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gallinaro
authors.forename: Renata Alqualo
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Laís Verderame
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Lage
mesh_terms: D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires