title: Lower urinary tract symptoms and depression.
abstract: Study Type--Symptom prevalence (cohort) Level of Evidence 2b. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Depression plays an important role in pathogenesis of BPH. Our study shows that prostatic symptoms can be helpful in the screening for depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  • To evaluate the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and depression in men through validated questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  • Healthy male workers (n = 673) were invited to a free health check-up. • Patients underwent a detailed medical examination. • All participants completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  • Under multiple logistic regression analysis (adjusted for total testosterone and age), a significant effect of IPSS on BDI score was observed: mild depression (BDI score >9): odds ratio (OR) 1.092, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.056-1.129; P < 0.001; moderate-to-severe depression (BDI score >19): OR 1.093, 95% CI 1.031-1.159; P = 0.003; and severe depression (BDI score >29): OR 1.176, 95% CI 1.048-1.320; P = 0.006.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • In healthy men, LUTS are significantly associated with depression. • The treatment of LUTS is very important for the mental health of older men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. maximilian.rom@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rom
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schatzl
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Swietek
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rücklinger
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kratzik
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires