title: Profiling of mercapturic acids of acrolein and acrylamide in human urine after consumption of potato crisps.
abstract: METHODS
  Acrolein (AC) and acrylamide (AA) are food contaminants generated by heat treatment. We studied human exposure after consumption of potato crisps by monitoring excretion of mercapturic acids (MAs) in urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MA excretion was monitored in human urine collected up to 72 h after ingestion of a test meal of experimental (study 1: 1 mg AA/150 g) or commercially available (study 2: 44 μg AA plus 4.6 μg AC/175 g) potato crisps. MA contents were analysed after purification via SPE using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. On the basis of the area under the curve values of MAs excreted in urine, the total excretion of AC-related MAs exceeded that of AA-related MAs up to 12 times in study 1 and up to four times in study 2. Remarkably, AC content of potato crisps of study 2 was found to be only about 1/10 the AA content, as determined by isotope dilution headspace GC/MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate substantially higher exposure to AC from potato crisps than to AA. Total AC in such foods may encompass bioavailable AC forms not detected by headspace GC/MS. Both findings may also apply to other heat processed foods.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watzek
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scherbl
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feld
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Oxana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Doroshyenko
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fuhr
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tomalik-Scharte
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eisenbrand
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richling
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000652:urine*; D000171:Acrolein / Q000652:urine*; D020106:Acrylamide / Q000652:urine*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005506:Food Contamination; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007554:Isotopes; D020106:Acrylamide; D000171:Acrolein; D003404:Creatinine; D000111:Acetylcysteine