title: Cloning of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone and evidence for molt-inhibiting hormone within the central nervous system of the blue crab Portunus pelagicus.
abstract: The crustacean X-organ-sinus gland (XO-SG) complex controls molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) production, although extra expression sites for MIH have been postulated. Therefore, to explore the expression of MIH and distinguish between the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) superfamily, and MIH immunoreactive sites (ir) in the central nervous system (CNS), we cloned a CHH gene sequence for the crab Portunus pelagicus (Ppel-CHH), and compared it with crab CHH-type I and II peptides. Employing multiple sequence alignments and phylogenic analysis, the mature Ppel-CHH peptide exhibited residues common to both CHH-type I and II peptides, and a high degree of identity to the type-I group, but little homology between Ppel-CHH and Ppel-MIH (a type II peptide). This sequence identification then allowed for the use of MIH antisera to further confirm the identity and existence of a MIH-ir 9kDa protein in all neural organs tested by Western blotting, and through immunohistochemistry, MIH-ir in the XO, optic nerve, neuronal cluster 17 of the supraesophageal ganglion, the ventral nerve cord, and cell cluster 22 of the thoracic ganglion. The presence of MIH protein within such a diversity of sites in the CNS, and external to the XO-SG, raises new questions concerning the established mode of MIH action.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia. mjstewar1@usc.edu.au
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Praphaporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Morakot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sroyraya
authors.forename: Nantawan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soonklang
authors.forename: Scott F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Prasert
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sobhon
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D003386:Brachyura / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003445:Crustacea; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010455:Peptides; C015947:hyperglycemic hormone, crustacean; C012445:molt-inhibiting hormone