title: CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells mobilization, paralleled with multiple cytokines elevated in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies indicate that bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells contribute to liver regeneration. But limited information is available on the dynamic and mechanisms of mobilization of BM-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) after acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the mobilization of BM-derived CD34+ HSCs in ACLF patients, and elucidate the association of stress-induced cytokines in HSCs mobilization and/or liver repair in ACLF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with HBV-related ACLF, 30 patients undergoing chronic hepatitis B, and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. The percentages of peripheral blood CD34+ cells were determined by two-color flow cytometry. The hepatic commitment of mobilized CD34+ cells was investigated by RT-PCR. The serum levels of stress-induced cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase of circulating CD34+ cells was observed in ACLF patients. RT-PCR analyses showed that the mobilized CD34+ cells expressed both CD34 mRNA and liver-specific markers including cytokeratin 19 and α-fetoprotein. In parallel with mobilization of BM-derived CD34+ cells, elevated serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-6, stem cell factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9 were observed in ACLF patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that ACLF led to mobilization of CD34+ cells, which had a hepatic differentiation potential.
authors.affiliation: Liver Failure Treatment and Research Center, Beijing 302 Hospital, No. 100 Xisihuan Middle Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100039, China. wan1011@yahoo.cn
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Shaoli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Yihui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Guoming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Shaojie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D053539:Keratin-19 / Q000378:metabolism; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D016207:Cytokines; D053539:Keratin-19; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9