title: Ruminant toxicology diagnostics.
abstract: The most common sources of ruminant poisoning are feed and water. Diagnoses are based on history, clinical signs, lesions, laboratory examinations, and analytical chemistry. A complete history is necessary for developing the scheme of laboratory investigation and may be valuable in case of litigation. This article outlines the toxicology involved, as well as the procedures and analytic capability of the tests used for differential diagnosis in these cases.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. sensley@iastate.edu
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ensley
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rumbeiha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005506:Food Contamination; D008903:Minerals / Q000633:toxicity; D011041:Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D012418:Ruminants; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D014867:Water