title: A review of rapid prototyped surgical guides for patient-specific total knee replacement.
abstract: Improvements in the surgical technique of total   knee replacement (TKR) are continually being sought. There has recently   been interest in three-dimensional (3D) pre-operative planning using   magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT. The 3D images are increasingly   used for the production of patient-specific models, surgical guides   and custom-made implants for TKR. The users of patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) claim that   they allow the optimum balance of technology and conventional surgery   by reducing the complexity of conventional alignment and sizing   tools. In this way the advantages of accuracy and precision claimed   by computer navigation techniques are achieved without the disadvantages   of additional intra-operative inventory, new skills or surgical   time. This review describes the terminology used in this area and debates   the advantages and disadvantages of PSI.
authors.affiliation: Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK. shibupkrishnan@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dawood
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henckel
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome