title: Variables associated with level of disability in working individuals with nonacute low back pain: a cross-sectional investigation.
abstract: METHODS
  Single-site, exploratory, cross-sectional design.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify variables associated with disability related to low back pain (LBP), as measured by the modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (mOSW), in a sample of working adults with nonacute LBP.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Compared to acute LBP, there is little information available in the literature to identify variables associated with LBP-related disability in working individuals with stage 2 and stage 3 LBP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data analyzed were from working individuals with nonacute LBP (n = 235). The response variable was dichotomized by mOSW score (less than 20 or 20 or greater), and the regressor variables included 27 self-report, sociodemographic, impairment-based, and kinematic measures used to assess individuals with LBP. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with mOSW.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eleven subjects had a mOSW score of 20 or greater, and 124 subjects had a mOSW score of less than 20. Logistic regression analysis identified 4 variables associated with LBP-related disability (mOSW): duration of LBP (P = .006), numeric pain rating (P<.0001), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale (P = .0007), and limits of stability movement velocity in the forward direction (P = .02). The best model had an R2(u) of 0.25.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The odds of LBP-related disability (mOSW) in this sample of nonacute working individuals were found to increase with longer duration of LBP, higher numeric pain rating scores, higher Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale scores, and slower limits of stability movement velocity in the forward direction. The identification of limits of stability movement velocity is a novel finding that may support a link between sensorimotor balance deficits and disability in working individuals with nonacute LBP.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Therapy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA. dsdavis@hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: D Scott
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Corrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mancinelli
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Petronis
authors.forename: Calvin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bensenhaver
authors.forename: Travis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McClintic
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D055815:Young Adult