title: Perinatal outcomes in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women with mild gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare perinatal outcomes between self-identified Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or glucose intolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a secondary analysis of a mild GDM treatment trial, we compared perinatal outcomes by race and ethnicity for 767 women with glucose intolerance (abnormal 50-g 1-hour screen, normal 100-g 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test), 371 women with mild GDM assigned to usual prenatal care, and 397 women with mild GDM assigned to treatment. Outcomes included: composite adverse perinatal outcome (neonatal death, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperinsulinemia, stillbirth, birth trauma), gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Adjusted regression models included: 100-g 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test results, parity, gestational age, body mass index, maternal age at enrollment, and current tobacco use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample of 1,535 women was 68.3% Hispanic and 31.7% non-Hispanic white. Among women with glucose intolerance, Hispanic women had more frequent composite outcome (37% compared with 27%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-2.37) with more neonatal elevated C-cord peptide (19% compared with 13%, adjusted OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.04-3.08) and neonatal hypoglycemia (21% compared with 13%, adjusted OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.18-3.53). Among women with untreated mild GDM, outcomes were similar by race and ethnicity. Among Hispanic women with treated mild GDM, composite outcome was similar to non-Hispanic white women (35% compared with 25%, adjusted OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.92-2.86), but Hispanic neonates had more frequent hyperinsulinemia (21% compared with 10%, adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.33-6.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individual components of some neonatal outcomes were more frequent in Hispanic neonates, but most perinatal outcomes were similar between Hispanic and non-Hispanic ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. erica.berggren@gmail.com
authors.forename: Erica K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Landon
authors.forename: Catherine Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Spong
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ramin
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wapner
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Varner
authors.forename: Dwight J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sciscione
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saade
authors.forename: Steve N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Caritis
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sorokin
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Peaceman
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tolosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult