title: The velvet complex governs mycotoxin production and virulence of Fusarium oxysporum on plant and mammalian hosts.
abstract: Fungal pathogens provoke devastating losses in agricultural production, contaminate food with mycotoxins and give rise to life-threatening infections in humans. The soil-borne ascomycete Fusarium oxysporum attacks over 100 different crops and can cause systemic fusariosis in immunocompromised individuals. Here we functionally characterized VeA, VelB, VelC and LaeA, four components of the velvet protein complex which regulates fungal development and secondary metabolism. Deletion of veA, velB and to a minor extent velC caused a derepression of conidiation as well as alterations in the shape and size of microconidia. VeA and LaeA were required for full virulence of F. oxysporum on tomato plants and on immunodepressed mice. A critical contribution of velvet consists in promoting chromatin accessibility and expression of the biosynthetic gene cluster for beauvericin, a depsipeptide mycotoxin that functions as a virulence determinant. These results reveal a conserved role of the velvet complex during fungal infection on plants and mammals.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: López-Berges
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hera
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulyok
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Capilla
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guarro
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Pietro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047630:Depsipeptides; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060585:Fusariosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017262:Siderophores / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D017262:Siderophores; D037521:Virulence Factors; C004456:beauvericin