title: Differential lung uptake of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime and 99mTc-duramycin in the chronic hyperoxia rat model.
abstract: Noninvasive radionuclide imaging has the potential to identify and assess mechanisms involved in particular stages of lung injury that occur with acute respiratory distress syndrome, for example. Lung uptake of (99m)Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) is reported to be partially dependent on the redox status of the lung tissue whereas (99m)Tc-duramycin, a new marker of cell injury, senses cell death via apoptosis or necrosis. Thus, we investigated changes in lung uptake of these agents in rats exposed to hyperoxia for prolonged periods, a common model of acute lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were preexposed to either normoxia (21% O(2)) or hyperoxia (85% O(2)) for up to 21 d. For imaging, the rats were anesthetized and injected intravenously with either (99m)Tc-HMPAO or (99m)Tc-duramycin (both 37-74 MBq), and planar images were acquired using a high-sensitivity modular γ-camera. Subsequently, (99m)Tc-macroagreggated albumin (37 MBq, diameter 10-40 μm) was injected intravenously, imaged, and used to define a lung region of interest. The lung-to-background ratio was used as a measure of lung uptake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperoxia exposure resulted in a 74% increase in (99m)Tc-HMPAO lung uptake, which peaked at 7 d and persisted for the 21 d of exposure. (99m)Tc-duramycin lung uptake was also maximal at 7 d of exposure but decreased to near control levels by 21 d. The sustained elevation of (99m)Tc-HMPAO uptake suggests ongoing changes in lung redox status whereas cell death appears to have subsided by 21 d.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the potential use of (99m)Tc-HMPAO and (99m)Tc-duramycin as redox and cell-death imaging biomarkers, respectively, for the in vivo identification and assessment of different stages of lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. anne.clough@marquette.edu
authors.forename: Anne V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.forename: Said H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Audi
authors.forename: Steven T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Haworth
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Roerig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001430:Bacteriocins; D010455:Peptides; C040522:duramycin; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime