title: A high CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score is associated with a high risk for critical limb ischemia in peripheral arterial occlusive disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years (doubled), type 2 diabetes, previous stroke, transient ischemic attack, or thromboembolism (doubled), vascular disease, age 65-75 years, and sex category) score was published as a predictive scoring model for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients. As multiple vascular risk factors are included in this score we evaluated the occurrence of critical limb ischemia (CLI) in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) patients according to their CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score independent of a coexisting atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 2237 PAOD patients treated at our institution from 2005 to 2010. CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score was calculated and the occurrence of CLI was investigated. Furthermore all constituents of the score were investigated concerning association with CLI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequency of CLI was higher in patients with a high CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score. Age ≥ 75 years was associated with an increased risk for CLI (OR 3.0), as was age 65-75 years (OR 1.8), type 2 diabetes (OR 2.8), and the factor previous stroke, transient ischemic attack, or thromboembolism (OR 1.4). The occurrence of arterial hypertension was protective for CLI (OR 0.6). Sex and congestive heart failure were not associated with an increased CLI risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score is associated with a high CLI risk. As not all constituents are equally associated with CLI and some are even protective, a new score including only some of the factors should be evaluated for the prediction of CLI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Angiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria. thomas.gary@medunigraz.at
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gary
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Belaj
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hafner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hackl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Froehlich
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pilger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brodmann
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D016638:Critical Illness; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology