title: A divalent interaction between HPS1 and HPS4 is required for the formation of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex-3 (BLOC-3).
abstract: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a group of rare autosomal recessive disorders characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding tendency, and sporadic pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis or infections. Nine HPS-causing genes have been identified in humans. HPS-1 is the most severe subtype with a prevalence of ~1/1800 in northwest Puerto Rico due to a founder mutation in the HPS1 gene. Mutations in HPS genes affect the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes in melanocytes and platelet dense granules. Two of these genes (HPS1 and HPS4) encode the HPS1 and HPS4 proteins, which assemble to form a complex known as Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelle Complex 3 (BLOC-3). We report the identification of the interacting regions in HPS1 and HPS4 required for the formation of this complex. Two regions in HPS1, spanning amino acids 1-249 and 506-700 are required for binding to HPS4; the middle portion of HPS1 (residues 250-505) is not required for this interaction. Further interaction studies showed that the N-termini of HPS1 and HPS4 interact with each other and that a discrete region of HPS4 (residues 340-528) interacts with both the N- and C-termini of the HPS1 protein. Several missense mutations found in HPS-1 patients did not affect interaction with HPS4, but some mutations involving regions interacting with HPS4 caused instability of HPS1. These observations extend our understanding of BLOC-3 assembly and represent an important first step in the identification of domains responsible for the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles.
authors.affiliation: University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA.
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carmona-Rivera
authors.forename: Dimitre R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Simeonov
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Cardillo
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Gahl
authors.forename: Carmen L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cadilla
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D022861:Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C509457:BLOC1S3 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; C102160:HPS1 protein, human; C451752:HPS4 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger