title: The confluence of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) has been considered a local modality and outcomes have emphasized local and regional control of tumors. Recent data suggests that RT may activate the immune system and the combination of radiation therapy and immune therapies may have the potential to improve both local and distant control of tumor deposits. Below we review principals underlying the concepts of combining both modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Byron
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burnette
authors.forename: Yang-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ralph R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Weichselbaum
keywords: T cell; danger signal; immunotherapy; radiation; radiotherapy