title: Oral delivery of human biopharmaceuticals, autoantigens and vaccine antigens bioencapsulated in plant cells.
abstract: Among 12billion injections administered annually, unsafe delivery leads to >20million infections and >100million reactions. In an emerging new concept, freeze-dried plant cells (lettuce) expressing vaccine antigens/biopharmaceuticals are protected in the stomach from acids/enzymes but are released to the immune or blood circulatory system when plant cell walls are digested by microbes that colonize the gut. Vaccine antigens bioencapsulated in plant cells upon oral delivery after priming, conferred both mucosal and systemic immunity and protection against bacterial, viral or protozoan pathogens or toxin challenge. Oral delivery of autoantigens was effective against complications of type 1 diabetes and hemophilia, by developing tolerance. Oral delivery of proinsulin or exendin-4 expressed in plant cells regulated blood glucose levels similar to injections. Therefore, this new platform offers a low cost alternative to deliver different therapeutic proteins to combat infectious or inherited diseases by eliminating inactivated pathogens, expensive purification, cold storage/transportation and sterile injections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science Building, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA.
authors.forename: Kwang-Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Dheeraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Nameirakpam D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniell
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001786:Blood Glucose; D022121:Cholera Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D004337:Drug Carriers; D000077270:Exenatide; D005164:Factor IX / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005612:Freeze Drying; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010931:Plague Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D059828:Plant Cells; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D001786:Blood Glucose; D022121:Cholera Vaccines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D010455:Peptides; D010931:Plague Vaccine; D011506:Proteins; D014612:Vaccines; D014688:Venoms; D005164:Factor IX; D011384:Proinsulin; D000077270:Exenatide