title: Next-generation peptide vaccines for advanced cancer.
abstract: Many clinical trials of peptide vaccines have been carried out since the first clinical trial of a melanoma antigen gene-1-derived peptide-based vaccine was reported in 1995. The earlier generations of peptide vaccines were composed of one to several human leukocyte antigen class I-restricted CTL-epitope peptides of a single human leukocyte antigen type. Currently, various types of next-generation peptide vaccines are under development. In this review, we focus on the clinical trials of the following categories of peptide vaccines mainly published from 2008 to 2012: (i) multivalent long peptide vaccines; (ii) multi-peptide vaccines consisting of CTL- and helper-epitopes; (iii) peptide cocktail vaccines; (iv) hybrid peptide vaccines; (v) personalized peptide vaccines; and (vi) peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Kurume University Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasada
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Kyogo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic