title: Molecular analysis of RNF213 gene for moyamoya disease in the Chinese Han population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an uncommon cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive occlusion of the internal carotid artery causing cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage. Genetic factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of MMD are being increasingly recognized. Previous studies have shown that the RNF213 gene was related to MMD susceptibility in the Japanese population. However, there is no large scale study of the association between this gene and MMD in the Chinese Han population. Thus we designed this case-control study to validate the R4810K mutation and to define the further spectrum of RNF213 mutations in Han Chinese.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotyping of the R4810K mutation in the RNF213 gene was performed in 170 MMD cases and 507 controls from a Chinese Han population. The R4810K mutation was identified in 22 of 170 MMD cases (13%), including 21 heterozygotes and a single familial homozygote. Two of the 507 controls (0.4%) were heterozygous R4810K carriers. The R4810K mutation greatly increased the risk for MMD (OR = 36.7, 95% CI: 8.6~156.6, P = 6.1 E-15). The allele frequency of R4810K was significantly different between patients with ischemia and hemorrhage (OR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.8~16.1, P = 0.001). Genomic sequencing covering RNF213 exon 40 to exon 68 also identified eight other non-R4810K variants; P4007R, Q4367L, A4399T, T4586P, L4631V, E4950D, A5021V and M5136I. Among them A4399T polymorphism was found in 28/170 cases (16.5%) and 45/507 controls (8.9%) and was associated with MMD (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2~3.3, P = 0.004), especially with hemorrhage (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.2~6.5, P = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RNF213 mutations are associated with MMD susceptibility in Han Chinese. The ischemic type MMD is particularly related to the R4810K mutation. However, A4399T is also a susceptible variant for MMD, primarily associated with hemorrhage. Identification of novel variants in the RNF213 gene further highlights the genetic heterogeneity of MMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hanqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xinju
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Donglei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Yuxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C557998:RNF213 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases