title: Diabetic retinopathy and atherosclerosis: is there a link?
abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness amongst the working-age population, and diabetes accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD) the commonest cause of death in diabetic patients. Although, there is evidence suggesting a close association between DR and CVD, particularly in patients with Type 2 diabetes, the pathophysiology underlying the link is unclear. Here we review common risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms linking DR and CVD, and aim to highlight the need for a more holistic view of the management of diabetes and its complications. The understanding of the link between the two complications could eventually lead to refined management strategies and improved patient outcomes in the expanding diabetes epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas Phillip
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Ruhul Hassan
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: Kirti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopra
authors.forename: Eva Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kohner
authors.forename: Joanna Mary
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tarr
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chibber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001766:Blindness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018921:Leukostasis; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006595:Hexosamines; D011493:Protein Kinase C