title: Strength training induces muscle hypertrophy and functional gains in black prostate cancer patients despite androgen deprivation therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with weakness, fatigue, sarcopenia, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Black men have a higher incidence and mortality from PCa than Caucasians. We hypothesized that despite ADT, strength training (ST) would increase muscle power and size, thereby improving body composition, physical function, fatigue levels, and QoL in older black men with PCa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle mass, power, strength, endurance, physical function, fatigue perception, and QoL were measured in 17 black men with PCa on ADT before and after 12 weeks of ST. Within-group differences were determined using t tests and regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ST significantly increased total body muscle mass (2.7%), thigh muscle volume (6.4%), power (17%), and strength (28%). There were significant increases in functional performance (20%), muscle endurance (110%), and QoL scores (7%) and decreases in fatigue perception (38%). Improved muscle function was associated with higher functional performance (R (2) = 0.54) and lower fatigue perception (R (2) = 0.37), and both were associated with improved QoL (R (2) = 0.45), whereas fatigue perception tended to be associated with muscle endurance (R (2) = 0.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ST elicits muscle hypertrophy even in the absence of testosterone and is effective in counteracting the adverse functional consequences of ADT in older black men with PCa. These improvements are associated with reduced fatigue perception, enhanced physical performance, and improved QoL. Thus, ST may be a safe and well-tolerated therapy to prevent the loss of muscle mass, strength, and power commonly observed during ADT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Erik D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sheaff
authors.forename: Suchi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jack D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Ben F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Hurley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001823:Body Composition; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises / Q000379:methods*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists