title: High average brightness water window source for short-exposure cryomicroscopy.
abstract: Laboratory water window cryomicroscopy has recently demonstrated similar image quality as synchrotron-based microscopy but still with much longer exposure times, prohibiting the spread to a wider scientific community. Here we demonstrate high-resolution laboratory water window imaging of cryofrozen cells with 10 s range exposure times. The major improvement is the operation of a λ=2.48 nm, 2 kHz liquid nitrogen jet laser plasma source with high spatial and temporal stability at high average brightness >1.5×10(12) ph/(s×sr×μm(2)×line), i.e., close to that of early synchrotrons. Thus, this source enables not only biological x-ray microscopy in the home laboratory but potentially other applications previously only accessible at synchrotron facilities.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology/Albanova, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Martz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selin
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: von Hofsten
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fogelqvist
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Legall
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blobel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stiel
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hertz
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D015925:Cryopreservation; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D014867:Water