title: Risk factors for contrast induced nephropathy: a study among Italian patients.
abstract: This study aimed to make a profile of patients at highest risk of developing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in order to take appropriate prevention measures. 591 patients undergoing coronary procedures were divided into two groups: patients with (CIN-group) and without (no-CIN) an increase in creatinine level equal or more than 25% from baseline values within 24-48 h after the coronary procedure. All patients underwent an accurate anamnesis, objective exam, hematochemical measurements, and diagnostic exams. The results of this study while confirming that, average age (p = 0.01), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.0001), base line renal insufficiency (p = 0.0001), diuretic therapy (p = 0.002), higher contrast doses (p = 0.01), are associated with a higher risk of contrast-induced nephropathy, also demonstrated that both clinical (p = 0.01) and subclinical (p < 0.0001) atherosclerosis, and higher preprocedural high sensitive C-reactive protein levels (hs- CRP) (p = 0.02) are risk factors for CIN.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital P. Giaccone of the University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Evola
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lunetta
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Macaione
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fonte
authors.forename: Gaspare
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milana
authors.forename: Egle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonura
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novo
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003287:Contrast Media; D003404:Creatinine