title: Risk factors for lymphatic and venous involvement in endoscopically resected gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphatic and venous involvement is a critical factor in the curability assessment of endoscopically resected gastric cancers; however, the risk factors for lymphatic and venous involvement in endoscopically resected gastric cancers remain unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  To identify risk factors for lymphatic and venous involvement in endoscopically resected gastric cancers, we retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 1229 endoscopically resected gastric cancers in 1083 patients treated between January 2009 and December 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymphatic and venous involvement was detected in 57 (4.6%) and 32 (2.6%) lesions, respectively. A multivariate analysis identified a larger tumor size, deeper invasion (submucosal invasion or deeper), and the presence of a papillary or an undifferentiated-type adenocarcinoma component as independent risk factors for lymphatic involvement. As for venous involvement, deeper invasion (≥500 μm submucosal invasion), a macroscopically elevated type, and the presence of an undifferentiated-type adenocarcinoma component were identified as independent risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study identified the independent risk factors for lymphatic and venous involvement in endoscopically resected gastric cancers. The recognition of these risk factors would help in the selection of lesions that may require a particularly careful histological evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. ssekine@ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: Masau
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Haruhisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Shigetaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kushima
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014680:Veins