title: Validating a nonhuman primate model of super-selective intraophthalmic artery chemotherapy: comparing ophthalmic artery diameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Superselective intraophthalmic artery chemotherapy (SSIOAC) is being used for treatment of retinoblastoma; however, the hemodynamic consequences and toxicities are not fully known. We developed a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of SSIOAC and reported our clinical observations. For validation, we compared ophthalmic artery (OA) diameters between NHPs and children (<6 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Endovascular cannulation of the right OA was performed three times each in six adult male Rhesus macaques. Angiographic OA images were obtained and measured, and postmortem OAs were histologically sectioned and measured. Retrospectively, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography images of the head in children and adolescents (as an adult reference) were used to measure the OA luminal diameter at its origin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median angiographic diameter of treated NHP OA origins (n = 6) was 1.06 mm (range 0.94-1.56). Histologic measurements (8 of 12 NHP OAs) gave a median diameter of 1.09 mm (range 0.95-1.41). In 98 children (from 169 consecutive CT and MR angiography studies; median age 1.01 years, range 0.01-5.74), 186 OAs were measurable at the origin (median luminal diameter 1.28 mm, range 0.82-2.00; P = 0.16 for the angiographic NHP diameters versus pediatric cohort). Angiographic measurements of 34 OAs (of 20 consecutive studies of adolescents; median age 16.55 years, range 14.40-18.18) gave a median luminal diameter of 1.45 mm (origin, range 1.13-1.66; P < 0.0001, adolescent versus pediatric).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of the OA luminal diameter at its origin were similar between our NHP and pediatric cohort, validating our NHP model for testing both the hemodynamic consequences and toxicities of SSIOAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ditta
authors.forename: Asim F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Choudhri
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Landers
authors.forename: Barrett G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Haik
authors.forename: Jena J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Steinle
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents