title: Bioassays against pinewood nematode: assessment of a suitable dilution agent and screening for bioactive essential oils.
abstract: Acetone was investigated and found to be an appropriate alternative to Triton X-100 as a solvent of essential oils in bioassays aimed to investigate their effects on pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) mortality. Therefore it was used as dilution agent to screen the effectiveness of fifty two essential oils against this pest. Thirteen essential oils were highly effective, resulting in more than 90% pinewood nematode mortality at 2 mg/mL, with six of them resulting in 100% mortality. LC₁₀₀ values ranged between 0.50 mg/mL and 0.83 mg/mL for the essential oils of Origanum vulgare and Satureja montana, respectively. Essential oils were submitted to gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and their chemical composition established. Data from essential oils with 100% mortality at 2 mg/mL and other essential oils previously found to have LC₁₀₀ ≤ 2 mg/mL was combined, their chemical profiles investigated by correspondences analysis plus automatic classification.
authors.affiliation: NemaLab-ICAAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Jorge M S
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: Marta D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Luís Silva
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tinoco
authors.forename: José G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Luis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Pedro
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mota
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009348:Nematoda / Q000187:drug effects*; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D031362:Satureja / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents; D000096:Acetone; D017830:Octoxynol