title: Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of phloretin and phlorizin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages.
abstract: Many reports suggest that phloretin and phlorizin have antioxidant properties and can inhibit glucose transportation, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of phloretin and phlorizin remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of phloretin and phlorizin in LPS-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of phloretin or phlorizin (3-100 μM) and cell inflammatory responses were induced with LPS. Pretreated with 10 μM phloretin significantly inhibited the levels of NO, PGE(2), IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that phloretin suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 proteins, and decreased phosphorylation in MAPK pathways. Surprisingly, phlorizin did not suppress the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that phloretin has an anti-inflammatory effect that reduces levels of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in RAW264.7 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Wei-Tien
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Wen-Chung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chian-Jiun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010693:Phloretin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010695:Phlorhizin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010695:Phlorhizin; D010693:Phloretin