title: Characterisation of immune-related gene expression in clam (Venerupis philippinarum) under exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
abstract: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) mediates the immune system mainly by triggering the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in higher animals. In the present study, spatial variation in the expression of immune-related genes in clam (Venerupis philippinarum) under acute short-term DEHP treatment was assessed by qPCR. The expression of six genes including glutamine synthetase (GS), IkB (IK), transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), cyclophilin A-1 (CypA-1), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was dose-dependent. A negative correlation between expression and DEHP treatment was observed for big defensin (BD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and thioredoxin peroxidase (TP). Surprisingly, lysozyme (LYZ) exhibited two distinct expression patterns at two DEHP doses. Significant differences between the experimental and control groups were observed for all tested genes at the various time points. Overall, our results revealed that DEHP mediates immune responses in clams by various means, and certain genes are promising candidate for biomarkers in DEHP monitoring.
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chenghua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiurong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yongjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Taiwu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate