title: Paper-based enzyme immobilization for flow injection electrochemical biosensor integrated with reagent-loaded cartridge toward portable modular device.
abstract: Paper-based enzyme immobilization for a flow injection electrochemical biosensor integrated with a reagent-loaded cartridge toward a portable device was developed. A paper disk was immobilized with enzyme, then it was integrated in a flow cell as an electrochemical biosensor. A silicon tube reagent-loaded cartridge was integrated into the system, a complicated procedure was simplified as a one-click operation toward development for point-of-care applications. In this research, glucose oxidase (GOx) was employed as a model enzyme, silver ion as an inhibition reagent for GOx, and EDTA as a regeneration reagent. When GOx was inhibited by silver ions, glucose was introduced for electrochemical measurements before and after inhibited enzyme regeneration and the difference was caused by silver inhibition. The modular device has great potential for other applications, e.g., detection of enzyme activity and substrate. The platform based on double-test mode provided accurate results due to elimination of an average or control value in comparison with classical routine approaches.
authors.affiliation: Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore.
authors.forename: Swee Ngin
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Hsih Yin
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Weng Keong
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Loke
authors.forename: Jinrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000201:enzymology; D055162:Biocatalysis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004867:Equipment Design; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010209:Paper; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D018511:Systems Integration
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D012834:Silver; D005949:Glucose Oxidase