title: Dynamic conformal arc cranial stereotactic radiosurgery: implications of multileaf collimator margin on dose-volume metrics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of multileaf collimator (MLC) margin on target and normal tissue dose-volume metrics for intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  118 intracranial lesions of 83 SRS patients formed the basis of this study. For each planning target volume (PTV), five separate treatment plans were generated with MLC margins of -1, 0, 1, 2 and 3 mm, respectively. Identical treatment planning parameters were employed with a median of five dynamic conformal arcs using the Varian/BrainLab high-definition MLC for beam shaping. Prescription dose (PD) was such that 22 Gy covered at least 95% of the PTV. Dose-volume and dose-response comparative metrics included conformity index, heterogeneity index, dose gradient, tumour control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Target dose heterogeneity decreased with increasing MLC margin (p<0.001); mean heterogeneity index decreased from 70.4 ± 12.7 to 10.4 ± 2.2%. TCP decreased with increasing MLC margin (p<0.001); mean TCP decreased from 81.0 ± 2.3 to 62.2 ± 1.8%. Normal tissue dose fall-off increased with MLC margin (p<0.001); mean gradient increased from 3.1 ± 0.9 mm to 5.3 ± 0.7 mm. NTCP was optimal at 1 mm MLC margin. No unambiguous correlation was observed between NTCP and PTV volume. Plan delivery efficiency generally improved with larger margins (p<0.001); mean monitor unit per centigray of the PD decreased from 3.60 ± 1.30 to 1.56 ± 0.13. Conclusion Use of 1 mm MLC margins for dynamic conformal arc-based cranial radiosurgery resulted in optimal tumour control and normal tissue sparing. Clinical significance of these comparative findings warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. tanyij@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tanyi
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Doss
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Monaco
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: ZMeng
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kubicky
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Marquez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuss
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome