title: Lack of severe long-term outcomes of acute, subclinical B1 deficiency in 216 children in Israel exposed in early infancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A vitamin B(1)-deficient soy-based infant formula was marketed in Israel in 2003, exposing infants to clinical or subclinical B(1) deficiency. We investigated whether subclinical B(1) deficiency in early infancy had medical, neurodevelopmental, or cognitive effects at 3-5 y of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A historical prospective cohort study was conducted consisting of four groups: "exposed," consuming a B(1)-deficient soy-based formula exclusively for four consecutive weeks or longer; "control," consuming no soy-based formula; "mixed," consuming the formula nonexclusively or exclusively for less than four consecutive weeks; and "other," consuming soy-based formulas other than Remedia. Participants were evaluated by medical examination, Stanford-Binet (SB) intelligence test, sensory profile evaluation, and Conners scales (attention deficit disorder/attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following adjustment for gender, age, and maternal education, there were no significant differences among the four groups on the mean SB scores, on the verbal and nonverbal scores, or in the proportion of children in each group with scores <90. A significantly higher proportion of exposed children as compared with control children had an impaired sensory profile and scores on the Conners scales (ADD/ADHD), but these proportions were also high in the "other" and "mixed" groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results do not support an association between subclinical B(1) deficiency in infancy and long-term development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Development and Rehabilitation, Israeli Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel. ornoy@cc.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Asher
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ornoy
authors.forename: Esti
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tekuzener
authors.forename: Tali
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dichtiar
authors.forename: Tamy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shohat
authors.forename: Hanoch
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cassuto
authors.forename: Lital
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keinan-Boker
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013832:Thiamine Deficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*