title: Endosulfan induced early pathological changes in vital organs of rat: a biochemical approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pathogenesis in heart and liver by the early induction of biochemical and antioxidant derangements in rats exposed to endosulfan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were gavaged with endosulfan (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/kg body weight in sunflower oil) for a period of 21 days (single dose at 24 h interval). Control and sunflower oil control groups were also maintained simultaneously. Rats were sacrificed on the 22(nd) day posttreatment. Blood samples, heart and liver were collected and different biochemical parameters such as total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, amino acids and antioxidant and lipid peroxidation level were measured. Statistical analysis was carried out by one way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni' post-hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endosulfan induced a significant increase in the serum levels of total protein, amino acids, triglyceride, total cholesterol, free fatty acid and phospholipid levels in a dose-dependent manner. In the heart and liver, lipid peroxidation was increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner and the antioxidant levels such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to endosulfan results in a significant derangement in the biochemical parameters with a decrease in antioxidant levels in the heart and liver. This is an early indication of pathogenesis in the vital organs of rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, KVG Medical College & Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sathyavathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alva
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Damodar
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.forename: Urban J A
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: D'Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000633:toxicity*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D006520:Hepatitis, Animal / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007306:Insecticides; D004726:Endosulfan
keywords: Antioxidants; biochemical; catalase; cholesterol; endosulfan; free fatty acids; superoxide dismutase