title: Three‑year survival of patients with chronic systolic heart failure due to hypertension: analysis of prognostic factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite advances in medicine, chronic systolic heart failure (CHF) due to hypertension still constitutes a serious clinical challenge.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine risk mortality factors in a 3-year follow-up of patients with CHF due to hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 140 consecutive stable inpatients with CHF (left ventricular end diastolic diameter >57 mm; left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <40%), without epicardial artery stenosis (>30% vessel lumen), significant heart defect, diabetes, neoplastic, disease, or chronic kidney disease, with a minimum 5-year history of hypertension, and administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (or angiotensin II receptor antagonists), β-adrenolytics, spironolactone and furosemide for 3 or more months. The follow-up began on admission to the hospital after laboratory tests, resting electrocardiogram and echocardiogram, six-minute walk test, coronarography, and endomyocardial biopsy. Late follow-up data was obtained from the follow-up visits or by telephone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis involved 130 of 140 patients aged 47.8 ±7.9 years. The 3-year mortality rate was 18.5%. Independent risk factors for death were LVEF (hazard ratio [HR], 0.881; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.797-0.975, P <0.05), serum glucose (HR, 1.266; 95% CI, 1.085-1.627; P <0.05), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP; HR, 1.369; 95% CI, 1.166-1.671; P <0.001), and bilirubin levels (HR, 1.057; 95% CI, 1.021-1.094; P <0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beside LVEF and serum NT-proBNP, other independent risk factors for death in patients with CHF due to hypertension are glucose and bilirubin levels.
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szymik
authors.forename: Bożena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szyguła-Jurkiewicz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Partyka
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owczarek
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spinczyk
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chudek
authors.forename: Lech
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poloński
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015984:Causality; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D020107:Troponin T; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain