title: Psychometric properties of the Cook Medley hostility scale and its association with inflammatory markers in African Americans.
abstract: Dispositional hostility as measured by the Cook Medley Hostility (Ho) Scale has been associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. There is evidence that suggests that factors of hostility are more useful in predicting poor cardiovascular health outcomes than a single hostility construct. The purpose of this study was to investigate the latent factors of hostility and their association with inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in an African-American community sample. This racial/ethnic group has been largely excluded from this line of research despite their disproportionate burden of CVD and its risk factors. Blood samples for plasma IL-6 and CRP were collected on the same day the Ho Scale was administered. Plasma IL-6 and CRP levels were determined using enzymatic-linked immunosorbent assay. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed three latent main factors of hostility: Neuroticism, Manichaeism and Moral Primitiveness, and seven intermediary subfactors. Of the subfactors, hostile affect was significantly associated with greater CRP levels and predatory self interest was significantly associated with greater IL-6 levels. Findings suggest that African Americans have a unique pattern of hostility and two latent subfactors are associated with a marker of CVD. Based on the findings, future studies should aim to further delineate how hostility influences health outcomes in African Americans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA. dmwendwa@howard.edu
authors.forename: Denee T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Mwendwa
authors.forename: Mana K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Regina C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madhere
authors.forename: Shellie-Anne
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Clive O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Callender
authors.forename: Alfonso L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000276:immunology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000276:immunology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000075384:Neuroticism; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein