title: Surgical outcome and prognostic factors after treatment of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective study attempts to identify prognostic factors for outcome in patients Classes 2 and 3 osteoradionecrosis (ORN) treated using individualized methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2005 to 2010, patients with Classes 2 and 3 osteoradionecrosis of the jaws were treated by the same surgical team using standard protocols. The patients were evaluated prospectively and followed up for a minimum of 12 months after completion of treatment. Two examinations were performed at least six months apart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 94 patients were assessed. Local debridement was performed in 33 patients (35.1 %), a rim resection with the application of a reconstruction plate was performed in 35 patients (37.2 %), and continuity resection in 26 patients (27.7 %). Postoperative wound infections locally or at the neck were detected in 69 patients (70.2 %), failure to eradicate radionecrosis occurred in 50 patients (53.2 %). The location of the primary tumor (p = 0.023) and radiation dose (p = 0.049), were associated with a significant risk of development of ORN. Prognostic factors for failure of treatment were the extent of initial osteoradionecrosis (p = 0.049) surgical treatment (p < 0.0001), number of debridements (p < 0.0001), type of microvascular free flap with (p < 0.0001), and grossly infected ORN (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several factors affect the outcome of treatment of ORN. We confirm many of the intuitive factors influence outcome of treatment and add evidence that complete removal of affected bone and watertight well vascularized coverage is the most useful treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technische Universität München, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany. th.mucke@gmx.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mücke
authors.forename: Janett
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koschinski
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rau
authors.forename: Denys J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Loeffelbein
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deppe
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanatas
authors.forename: Klaus-Dietrich
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wolff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome