title: Fluidics in a dual pneumatic ultra high-speed vitreous cutter system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dual pneumatic systems use two separate air line tubes to open and close the cutter and can achieve high cut rates. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of gauge size, cut rate and aspiration on the flow rate performance of ultra high-speed cutters operated with a commercially available dual pneumatic vitrectomy system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of a high-speed video was used to determine duty cycle. Flow rates from 20-, 23- and 25-gauge cutters were calculated in predetermined conditions of aspiration levels and cut rates; water and fresh porcine vitreous samples were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all three gauges of cutters, the duty cycle and water flow showed an inverse correlation with increasing cut rates and a direct correlation with increasing aspiration levels (p < 0.05). Vitreous flow rates from all gauges increased with increasing aspiration and cut rates (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Larger gauges of the cutters as well as higher aspiration and cut rate levels resulted in improvement of the vitreous flow rates. A good understanding of the different flow rate settings is essential for the surgeon and optimizes the safety of surgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. drbrunodiniz@gmail.com
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.forename: Ramiro M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Rodrigo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Jaw-Chyng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lue
authors.forename: Anderson G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Humayun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D011312:Pressure; D013552:Swine; D014741:Video Recording; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000601:surgery*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water