title: Estimation of the costs of smoking-related oral disease: a representative South Korean study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to estimate the socioeconomic and psychological costs associated with smoking-related oral disease (SROD) with the aim of generating objective data that could be used in smoking cessation counselling by dental care providers and could also serve as data with which to set standards and criteria for use in dental health insurance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were sourced from the 11 dental hospitals associated with dental schools in South Korea. A total of 1,288 of 10,080 patients with SROD were selected to participate in the study for a period of 2 years from January 2009 to March 2011. Data collected were analysed using spss Version 17.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the SRODs, the most common was periodontal disease (40.7%). Periodontal disease accounted for the highest social and economic costs. Mouth cancer accounted for the highest psychological cost.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to reduce associated socioeconomic and psychological costs, dental care providers and government should provide more proactive and more efficient smoking cessation programmes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Duk
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong-Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Seung-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ha-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jee-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Kyung-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D017281:Cost of Illness; D006209:Halitosis / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D017048:Health Care Costs; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology