title: The effect of cigarette smoke extract on thrombomodulin-thrombin binding: an atomic force microscopy study.
abstract: Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Smoking can cause vascular endothelial dysfunction and consequently trigger haemostatic activation and thrombosis. However, the mechanism of how smoking promotes thrombosis is not fully understood. Thrombosis is associated with the imbalance of the coagulant system due to endothelial dysfunction. As a vital anticoagulation cofactor, thrombomodulin (TM) located on the endothelial cell surface is able to regulate intravascular coagulation by binding to thrombin, and the binding results in thrombosis inhibition. This work focused on the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on TM-thrombin binding by atomic force microscopy (AFM) based single-molecule force spectroscopy. The results from both in vitro and live-cell experiments indicated that CSE could notably reduce the binding probability of TM and thrombin. This study provided a new approach and new evidence for studying the mechanism of thrombosis triggered by cigarette smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, the General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xuejie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shaoqiong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Huiliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D012906:Smoke; D013917:Thrombin / Q000737:chemistry*; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000737:chemistry*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012906:Smoke; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D013917:Thrombin