title: Chronic Pain and Its Determinants: A Population-based Study in Southern Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevalence of chronic pain and its association with demographic characteristics have been reported by different studies from different geographical regions in the world. However, data from many Middle East countries including Iran (especially southern Iran) are scare. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the prevalence of chronic pain and its association with demographic, psychological and socioeconomic factors in an Iranian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this population-based survey, the target population was comprised of subjects aged 20 to 85 years residing in Jahrom, southern Iran during 2009-2011. All eligible subjects were invited to participate in the study. Before a detailed questionnaire was given; face to face interviews were done for each individual.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 719 men and 874 women with an average age of 40.5 years at the onset of the study. Among the study population, 38.9% (620/1,593) complained of chronic pain, of whom 40.8% (253/620) were men and 59.2% (367/620) were women. Foot and joint pain were observed in 31.9%. Hip and spine pain, migraine and tension headaches, heart pain, and abdomen pain were observed in 21.5%, 15.5%, 9.5%, and 8.0% of chronic pain cases, respectively. There was a significant association among the covariables age, sex, overweight, educational level, income, and type of employment with chronic pain as the dependent variable (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show the prevalence of chronic pain and its association with demographic, psychological and socioeconomic factors. Individuals with low incomes and less education became accustomed to pain due to a lack of knowledge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medicine School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Safar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zarei
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bigizadeh
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pourahmadi
authors.forename: Mohamed Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghobadifar
keywords: aging; chronic pain; education; epidemiology; joint pain