title: [Anatomic study of lower cervical spinous process for laminar screw fixation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure anatomic data of spinous process and vertebral plate and evaluate the possibility of fixation of spinous process and vertebral plate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty cadaveric cervibal spines of C3-C7 were dissected to expose vertebral plate and spinous process, and were measured by two methods, one was manual measured using digital caliper and the other was computed tomography scaning. Parameters were measured manually including vertebral plate height and width. The screw was inserted from the boundary of the vertebral plate and spinous process, and gone out from the top of vertebral plate back of opposite side. Then through the CT reconstruction, angle of screw insertion, length of screw trajectory and distance between the screw tip and vertebral artery and spinal cord were measured. Additionally, spinous process width and vertebral plate thickness of 100 patients' CT scans of C3-C7 cervical segment were measured to evaluate possibility of screw insertion at spinous process and vertebral plate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The screw fixation of lower cervical spinous process and vertebral plate were successfully placed,without impingement of spinal cord and vertebral artery. There was no statistic difference on the data of lamina height and width of 20 cadaver specimens between manual and CT measurements (P>0.05). Height and width of vertebral plate was (12.4 +/- 1.2) to (13.7 +/- 1.3) mm and (4.5 +/- 0.9) to (5.4 +/- 1.1) mm respectively and increased gradually from C3 to C7 (P<0.05). The trajectory length was (13.7 +/- 1.2) to (15.8 +/- 1.8) mm and increased gradually from C3 to C7 (P<0.05). The distance between screw tip and vertebral artery and spinal cord was (20.1 +/- 2.7) to (25.8 +/- 2.9) mm and (4.1 +/- 1.8) to (5.0 +/- 1.2) mm respectively. The angles of screws insertion were (73.0 +/- 9.9) degrees to (85.3 +/- 10.1) degrees in the axial plane (P>0.05). Based on the CT measurements of 100 patients,the data of the spinous process width and lamina thickness varied from a minimum of (8.5 +/- 1.1) mm and (4.3 +/- 0.5) mm for the C4, to a maximum of (14.5 +/- 2.0) mm and (6.0 +/- 1.1) mm for the C7 respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower cervical spinous process and vertebral plate screw fixation is feasible, which is a safe and stable screw approach for spinous process and vertebral plate fixation.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China. lhjnbly@126.com
authors.forename: Hua-Jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Rong-Ming
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Guan-Yi
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei-Hu
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Shao-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Liao-Yuan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001863:Bone Screws; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed