title: The effect of dentinal fluid flow during loading in various directions--simulation of fluid-structure interaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study uses a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation to evaluate the fluid flow in a dental intrapulpal chamber induced by the deformation of the tooth structure during loading in various directions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The FSI is used for the biomechanics simulation of dental intrapulpal responses with the force loading gradually increasing from 0 to 100N at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° on the tooth surface in 1s, respectively. The effect of stress or deformation on tooth and fluid flow changes in the pulp chamber are evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A horizontal loading force on a tooth may induce tooth structure deformation, which increases fluid flow velocity in the coronal pulp. Thus, horizontal loading on a tooth may easily induce tooth pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that experiments to investigate the relationship between loading in various directions and dental pain should avoid measuring the bulk pulpal fluid flow from radicular pulp, but rather should measure the dentinal fluid flow in the dentinal tubules or coronal pulp. The FSI analysis used here could provide a powerful tool for investigating problems with coupled solid and fluid structures in dental biomechanics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Chih
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Chih-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Eddie Yin-Kwee
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D003804:Dentin / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D019234:Dentinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012212:Rheology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014098:Toothache / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014783:Viscosity; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods