title: Standardized Clitoria ternatea leaf extract as hyaluronidase, elastase and matrix-metalloproteinase-1 inhibitor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plant Clitoria ternatea L. is claimed to possess a wide range of activities including antiinflammatory, local anesthetic and antidiabetic effect, etc. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the wound healing potential of standardized C. ternatea leaf extract in terms of different enzymatic models, which are mostly associated with skin wound.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methanol extract and fractions were screened for its hyaluronidase, elastase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) inhibitory activity compared with standard oleanolic acid. The activity was rationalized through reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) standardization of the extract and fractions with respect to its isolated biomarker taraxerol (yield 5.27% w/w).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract showed significant (P < 0.001) hyaluronidase (IC(50) 18.08 ± 0.46 μg/ ml) and MMP-1 (P < 0.05) inhibition, but the elastase inhibition was insignificant (IC(50) 42.68 ± 0.46 μg/ml). Among the fractions, ethyl acetate fraction showed significant (P < 0.001) inhibition of hyaluronidase (IC(50) 28.01 ± 0.48 μg/ml) and MMP-1 (P < 0.01). The HPLC analysis revealed that the extract and the ethyl acetate fraction are enriched with taraxerol (5.32% w/w and 4.55% w/w, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experiment validated the traditional uses of C. ternatea and may be recommended for use in the treatment of different types of skin wounds, where taraxerol may be a responsible biomarker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Niladri
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maity
authors.forename: Neelesh K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Nema
authors.forename: Birendra K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Pulok K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D031292:Clitoria; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: Clitoria ternatea; elastase; hyaluronidase; matrix-metalloproteinase-1; taraxerol