title: The diversity of microbial aldo/keto reductases from Escherichia coli K12.
abstract: The genome of Escherichia coli K12 contains 9 open reading frames encoding aldo/keto reductases (AKRs) that are differentially regulated and sequence diverse. A significant amount of data is available for the E. coli AKRs through the availability of gene knockouts and gene expression studies, which adds to the biochemical and kinetic data. This together with the availability of crystal structures for nearly half of the E. coli AKRs and homologues of several others provides an opportunity to look at the diversity of these representative bacterial AKRs. Based around the common AKR fold of (β/α)8 barrel with two additional α-helices, the E. coli AKRs have a loop structure that is more diverse than their mammalian counterparts, creating a variety of active site architectures. Nearly half of the AKRs are expected to be monomeric, but there are examples of dimeric, trimeric and octameric enzymes, as well as diversity in specificity for NAD as well as NADP as a cofactor. However in functional assignments and characterisation of enzyme activities there is a paucity of data when compared to the mammalian AKR enzymes.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. adrian.lapthorn@glasgow.ac.uk
authors.forename: Adrian J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lapthorn
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases; D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D048168:Escherichia coli K12 / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009243:NAD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009249:NADP / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D009243:NAD; D009249:NADP; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase