title: Astaxanthin modulates age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in healthy dogs.
abstract: Young (2.97±0.01 yr; 8.16±0.15 kg BW) and geriatric (10.71±0.01 yr; 9.46±0.18 kg BW) healthy female Beagle dogs (n=14/age group) were fed 0 or 20 mg astaxanthin daily for 16 wk to examine modulation of mitochondrial function. Fasted blood was sampled on wk 0, 8, and 16. Mitochondria membrane permeability, ATP production, cytochrome c oxidase/reductase, and number were assessed in leukocytes whereas astaxanthin uptake, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-isoprostane, and protein carbonyl were measured in plasma. Aging increased (P<0.05) complex III cytochrome c oxidoreductase but decreased (P<0.05) 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and protein carbonyl. Mitochondrial function improved in both young and geriatric dogs by increasing (P<0.05) ATP production, mitochondria mass, and cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity, especially in geriatric dogs compared with young dogs. Astaxanthin feeding also increased (P<0.05) the reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio in young dogs and decreased (P<0.05) nitric oxide in both young and geriatric dogs. Dietary astaxanthin improved mitochondrial function in blood leukocytes, most likely by alleviating oxidative damage to cellular DNA and protein.
authors.affiliation: Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Mathison
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Reinhart
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Chew
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010539:Permeability; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024341:Xanthophylls; C005948:astaxanthine