title: Comparative effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction, α-tocopherol and α-tocopheryl acetate on inflammatory mediators and nuclear factor kappa B expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
abstract: The effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), α-tocopherol (T) and α-tocopheryl acetate (TA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in mouse peritoneal macrophages were examined. Results showed that at 5-30 μg/ml, all test compounds plus 1 μg/ml LPS exhibited no cytotoxic effects on macrophage cells. Compared with T and TA, TRF showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity as demonstrated by its potency in inhibiting the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6) production. At 10 μg/ml, it significantly blocked the LPS induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, but has no effect on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). Furthermore, TRF also showed a greater inhibition on the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression than T and TA. These results suggest that TRF could be a better agent than T and TA for use in the prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. nglt97@ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Lean-Teik
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Huey-Jiun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D024508:Tocotrienols; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D024505:Tocopherols