title: Diffraction-enhanced X-ray imaging under low-temperature conditions: non-destructive observations of clathrate gas hydrates.
abstract: Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) is a phase-contrast X-ray imaging technique suitable for visualizing light-element materials. The method also enables observations of sample-containing regions with large density gradients. In this study a cryogenic imaging technique was developed for DEI-enabled measurements at low temperature from 193 K up to room temperature with a deviation of 1 K. Structure-II air hydrate and structure-I carbon dioxide (CO(2)) hydrate were examined to assess the performance of this cryogenic DEI technique. It was shown that this DEI technique could image gas hydrate coexisting with ice and gas bubbles with a density resolution of about 0.01 g cm(-3) and a wide dynamic density range of about 1.60 g cm(-3). In addition, this method may be a way to make temperature-dependent measurements of physical properties such as density.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan. s.takeya@aist.go.jp
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeya
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hondoh
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Duo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohmura
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hyodo
authors.forename: Tohoru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda