title: Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate on Allodynia, TNF-α Expression, and Apoptosis in the Dorsal Root Ganglion after Spinal Nerve Ligation Injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been demonstrated that the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and apoptotic cell death in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) following spinal nerve constriction injury play a role in the initiation and continuation of hyperalgesia and allodynia. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on mechanical and cold allodynia, TNF-α expression, and apoptosis in DRG after spinal nerve ligation injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into 3 groups: control, pre-EP, and post-EP. EP (50 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before (pre-EP) or after (post-EP) surgery. Behavioral tests to determine mechanical and cold allodynia were conducted before surgery and 4 and 7 days after surgery. Seven days after surgery, TNF-α protein levels in DRG were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and DRG apoptosis was determined by immunohistochemical detection of activated caspase-3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with EP significantly reduced mechanical and cold allodynia following spinal nerve ligation injury. TNF-α protein levels in the pre-EP (4.7 ± 1.2 pg/200 µg; P < 0.001) and post-EP (6.4 ± 1.8 pg/200 µg; P < 0.001) groups were 2-3 times lower than the control group (14.4 ± 1.2 pg/200 µg). The percentages of neurons and satellite cells that co-localized with caspase-3 were also significantly lower in the pre-EP and post-EP groups than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that EP has a strong anti-allodynic effect that acts through the inhibition of TNF-α expression and apoptosis in DRG after spinal nerve ligation injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Kee
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jeong Gill
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Leem
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jeong Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Suh
keywords: allodynia; apoptosis; dorsal root ganglion; ethyl pyruvate; tumor necrosis factor