title: Basic concepts in the use of thoracic and lung ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent advances were made in the field of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). Thoracic and lung ultrasound have become a rapid and accurate method of diagnosis of hypoxic diseases. The purpose of this article is to review the recent literature on POCUS, emphasizing on its use in the operating room.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many international critical care societies published guidelines on the use of ultrasound in the installation of central venous access. More recently, evidenced-based guidelines on the use of POC lung ultrasound were published. Lung ultrasound has shown its superiority over conventional chest radiography in the diagnosis of many disorders of significant importance in anesthesiology, particularly the pneumothorax.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  POC thoracic and lung ultrasound is used in many critical medicine fields. The aim of this review is to describe the basic lung ultrasound technique and the knowledge required in order to diagnose and treat the hypoxic patient. Emphasis is on disorder such as pleural effusion, alveolar interstitial disease, as well as pneumothorax, which is of particular importance in the field of anesthesiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. eric.piette@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piette
authors.forename: Raoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Daoust
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Denault
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D013909:Thorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography