title: Comparison of quercetin pharmacokinetics following oral supplementation in humans.
abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the absorption of quercetin aglycone in 18 healthy human subjects administered via the following oral carrier systems: suspension of quercetin (quercetin QU995 powder in Tang(®) and spring water), nutritional bars (First Strike™), and chews (RealFX™ Q-Plus™). Subjects were divided into 3 groups of 6 individuals each receiving 500 mg quercetin in one of the aforementioned formulations. Blood levels were monitored immediately pre- and for 32 h postadministration. The concentration of total quercetin in blood samples was determined by solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental modeling using Kinetica software. The C(max) of quercetin was highest with RealFX™ Q-Plus™ Chews (1051.9 ± 393.1 μg/L) achieved within 3.3 h as compared to that for First Strike™ Bars (698.1 ± 189.5 μg/L in 2.3 h) and Tang(®) suspension (354.4 ± 87.6 μg/L in 4.7 h). The results showed no statistically significant difference in quercetin absorption among groups due to high variability within groups receiving quercetin from same dosage form. This study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of quercetin absorption from quercetin fortified oral food products at doses commonly used for quercetin supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study describes for the first time, comprehensive evaluation of quercetin PK in humans from quercetin fortified oral food products at doses commonly used for quercetin supplementation. Owing to quercetin's potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, quercetin is widely being used as a nutritional supplement. In order to maximize the bioavailability of quercetin for its use in efficacy studies, it is important to determine its ideal oral carrier system and route for its delivery. The current research unveils vital information about quercetin supplementation to the international community, especially to soldiers, athletes, and the dietary supplement industry.
authors.affiliation: Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Life Sciences Bldg, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Diksha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Fallon
authors.forename: Priscilla M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: C Patrick
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: Karen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Conca
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Michniak-Kohn
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011208:Powders; D011794:Quercetin