title: Clinical potential of VIP by modified pharmaco-kinetics and delivery mechanisms.
abstract: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) conveys various physiological effects in the digestive tract, nervous and cardiovascular system, airways, reproductive system, endocrine system, and more. A family of specific membrane bound receptors, termed VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1, bind VIP and trigger the effects. Many of them are of clinical interest. To date more than two thousand publications suggest the use of VIP in diseases like asthma, erectile dysfunction, blood pressure regulation, inflammation, endocrinology, tumours, etc. Despite this considerable potential, the peptide is not regularly used in clinical settings. A key problem is the short half life of inhaled or systemically administered VIP due to rapid enzymatic degradation. This shortcomings could be overcome with stable derivates or improved pharmacokinetics. A promising strategy is to use biocompatible and degradable depots, to protect the peptide from early degradation and allow for controlled release. This review focuses on aspects of clinical applications of VIP and the idea to use formulations based on biodegradable particles, to constitute a dispersible VIP-depot. Smart particle systems protect the peptide from early degradation, and assist the sustainable cell targeting with VIP for therapeutic or imaging purposes.
authors.affiliation: Medical University Vienna, Internal Medicine-II, Pneumology, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burian
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortner
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prassl
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mosgoeller
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008081:Liposomes; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011479:Protamines / Q000737:chemistry; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D008081:Liposomes; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011479:Protamines; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide