title: Antioxidant interactions between major phenolic compounds found in 'Ataulfo' mango pulp: chlorogenic, gallic, protocatechuic and vanillic acids.
abstract: Phenolic compounds are known to have antioxidant capacity; however, there is little information about molecular interactions between particular phenolics found in fruits at different developmental stages. Therefore, the total antioxidant capacity of the phenolic compounds of a fruit may not correspond to the sum of individual antioxidant capacity given by antioxidants from that tissue. In this study, individual antioxidant capacity and the interactions of four major phenolic compounds (chlorogenic, gallic, protocatechuic and vanillic acid) found in 'Ataulfo' mango pulp were tested using the DPPH assay. Significant synergism was found in the majority of the all combinations, as well as the combination of the four phenolics. However, antagonism was also observed between some molecules. This work demonstrated particular interactions that may occur in a complex environment within the complex framework of a natural food. The present results may also assist in the future design of functional foods or ingredients based on their antioxidant activity and their synergistic or antagonist interactions.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Food & Development, A.C.-CIAD, Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo Sonora 83304, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Palafox-Carlos
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gil-Chávez
authors.forename: Rogerio R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sotelo-Mundo
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Namiesnik
authors.forename: Shela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorinstein
authors.forename: Gustavo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: González-Aguilar
mesh_terms: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry*; D031022:Mangifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D014641:Vanillic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; C009091:protocatechuic acid; D005707:Gallic Acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D014641:Vanillic Acid