title: Managing clinical integration: a comparative case study in a merged university hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper seeks to explore critical factors that may obstruct or advance integration efforts initiated by the clinical management following a hospital merger. The aim is to increase the understanding of why clinical integration succeeds or fails.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors compare two cases of clinical integration efforts following the Karolinska University Hospital merger in Sweden. Each case represents two merged clinical departments of the same specialty from each hospital site. In total, 53 interviews were conducted with individuals representing various staff categories and documents were collected to check data consistency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study identifies three critical factors that seem to be instrumental for the process and outcome of integration efforts and these are clinical management's interpretation of the mandate; design of the management constellation; and approach to integration. Obstructive factors are: a sole focus on the formal assignment from the top; individual leadership; and the use of a classic, planned, top-down management approach. Supportive factors are: paying attention to multiple stakeholders; shared leadership; and the use of an emergent, bottom-up management approach within planned boundaries. These findings are basically consistent with the literature's prescriptions for managing professional organisations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Managers need to understand that public healthcare organisations are based on competing institutional logics that need to be handled in a balanced way if clinical integration is to be achieved--especially the tension between managerialism and professionalism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By focusing on the merger consequences for clinical units, this paper addresses an important gap in the healthcare merger literature.
authors.affiliation: Medical Management Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. soki.choi@ki.se
authors.forename: Soki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ingalill
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Löwstedt
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brommels
mesh_terms: D006273:Health Facility Merger / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013548:Sweden; D018511:Systems Integration