title: Expression of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant in rat lungs following an intratracheal instillation of micron-sized nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In our previous study, we reported that the micron-sized nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates induced neutrophil infiltration and the gene expression of the cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-2αβ in a rat lung. In this study, we examined the expression of the CINCs family in the lung using the same rat model exposed to micron-sized nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The count median diameter of nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates suspended in saline was 1.34 μm (primary diameter: 8.41 nm). Male Wistar rats received an intratracheal instillation of 1 mg (3.3 mg/kg) of nickel oxide nanoparticles and were dissected at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the instillation. The negative control group received an instillation of saline. The concentration of CINC-1 in the lung and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), CINC-2αβ in the BALF, and CINC-3 in the lung and the BALF was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of CINC-1 was elevated at 3 days, 3 months, and 6 months in the lung tissue and from 3 days to 6 months in the BALF. The concentration of CINC-2αβ was elevated from 3 days to 3 months in the BALF. The concentration of CINC-3 was also elevated at 3 days, 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months in the lung tissue. Infiltration of neutrophil and alveolar macrophage was observed mainly in the alveoli during the observed time period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that CINC-1 to -3 were totally involved in the lung injury caused by micron-sized nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan yasuom@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogami
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyabu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myojo
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kambara
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Byeong Woo
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsushi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects*; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; C513296:Cxcl2 protein, rat; C513294:Cxcl3 protein, rat; D009532:Nickel; C028007:nickel monoxide
keywords: Nanoparticle; chemokine; intratracheal instillation; lung; nickel oxide; rat