title: Anatomical anomalies of the laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve in pigs (Sus scrofa).
abstract: To delineate the anomaly and frequency of their occurrence in a pig model, we reported the topography of the vagus laryngeal branches and compared the differences with humans. Thirty sides of cervical vagus nerve in 15 fresh cadavers (Sus scrofa) were microdissected. We measured the branch diameters and lengths of the laryngeal branches using a Vernier caliper with a resolution of 0.01 mm. Two patterns of the vagus laryngeal branches were shown: 56.7% with the cranial laryngeal nerve (CLN) and 43.3% without the CLN. The diameters and the length of the CLN were not affected by the side of the neck (P > 0.05), but the diameters of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the nodose ganglion were significantly different between left and right sides (P < 0.05). The left RLN was thinner than the right side in diameter (P < 0.05). Four of the 30 sides had anastomoses between the vagus and the cervical sympathetic chain. There were some differences between the pig anatomy and human anatomy, but the patterns were largely similar. The similarities support the utility of this model, which is closer in size to humans than the standard rodent models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 98 N Broadway, Suite 409, Baltimore, MD 21231,  USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ralph P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tufano
authors.forename: Rebecca Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: German
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D004210:Dissection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007823:Laryngeal Nerves / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology; D009333:Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009620:Nodose Ganglion / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology; D013552:Swine / Q000002:abnormalities*