title: Identification of awkward postures that cause discomfort to Liquid Petroleum Gas workers in Mumbai, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Awkward, extreme and repetitive postures have been associated with work related musculoskeletal discomfort and injury to the lower back. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) workers in India; that is the delivery men carry heavy cylinders on their shoulders and back. The cylinders come in commercial and residential form which range in weight from 14.2kgs, 16.2kgs, 19.2kgs, 32kgs, 40 kgs etc. They have a tedious schedule of 8 h/day and mostly associated with loading and unloading of the cylinders. Their job demands a high intensity of strength and power. They are exposed to high level of physical demands and relatively lesser amount of rest which makes them vulnerable to various injuries over a period of time.
  
  
  METHODS
  100 LPG workers (delivery men) were interviewed using the Ovako work assessment system OWAS posture code and action category system developed by ISMAIL et al.[10] was used. A battery of questions with specific stress was constructed and validated in the Department of Physiotherapy, Padmashree Dr D.Y Patil University, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study presented an ergonomic assessment of LPG workers. The results show that the workers work in awkward postures. They transfer the cylinders in poor postures with high velocity and motion repetitiveness thus subjecting their spine to greater amounts of compressive forces. Regarding to work discomfort survey questionnaire, the postures cause ill effects on their various body segments. Among them 90% fall in category 4 while loading the cylinder, that is the load by those postures have a very harmful effect on musculoskeletal, system-corrective action for improvement required immediately. And while unloading 70% fall in category 3, which are postures that have harmful effect on musculoskeletal system. Corrective actions should be done as soon as possible. Majority of workers also complained of severe injury to back-34%, shoulder-20%, knee-20%, neck-16%, and toes-10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide a prima facie evidence of higher occupational stresses among the LPG workers because of identified specific stressors prevalent in their jobs and explore the possible intervention strategies for its reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, Pad. Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Salian Shivani
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Jinal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boricha
authors.forename: Sujata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yardi
keywords: Liquid Petroleum Gas workers; Mumbai; musculoskeletal disorders; ovako work assessment system; work-related musculoskeletal disorders