title: Ethyl gallate induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells by promoting the expression of caspases-8, -9, -3, apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G.
abstract: Many phytochemicals have been recognized to have potential therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated ethyl gallate (EG) for possible proapoptotic effects in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. We examined cell viability, morphological changes, DNA content and fragmentation, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins for up to 48 h after EG treatment. The results showed that EG induced morphological changes and DNA fragmentation and reduced HL-60 cell viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Western blotting analysis indicated that EG-mediated HL-60 apoptosis mainly occurred through the mitochondrial pathway, as shown by the release of cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and endonuclease G (Endo G), as well as the upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). EG also activated the death receptor-dependent pathway of apoptosis by enhancing the expression of caspases-8, -9, and -3 and the Bcl-2 interacting domain (Bid). Collectively, our results showed that EG induces apoptosis in HL-60 via mitochondrial-mediated pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Woong-Hyun
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ok
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hwa-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Il
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Du-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C048734:ethyl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; C052391:endonuclease G; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9
keywords: apoptosis; death receptor; ethyl gallate; mitochondrial-mediated pathways