title: Increasing leptin level in abstaining alcohol-dependent women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leptin, hormone secreted by the fat tissue, changes the signaling of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, which directly affects the sensitivity of reward and modulation of abstinence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the level of serum leptin and its relation to nutritional status among alcoholic abstainers and non-abstinent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients of both sexes, over 18 years old and who used alcohol as their primary drug were included in the study. Abstaining patients were separated according to the time without the use of the drug as A2 (1-3 month-abstainers) and A3 (4 month and over-abstainers). Waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (%BF) and weight and height were measured to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Blood samples were collected for leptin measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean levels of leptin, leptin/BMI, leptin/%BF were higher in all women categories. Abstaining women (A2) also showed higher leptin, leptin/BMI and leptin/ %BF than non-abstinent (p = 0.039; p = 0.023; p = 0.023). Statistical differences were also shown among abstaining women A2 and A3 as well a significant positive association between leptin levels and BMI and leptin and WC in active female drinkers (leptin × BMI: r = 0.91; p < 0.01; leptin × WC: r = 0.87; p = 0.001). However, a significant association was not shown among these results in abstaining women (leptin × BMI: r = 0.28; p = 0.37/ leptin × WC: r = -0.32, p = 0.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that leptin levels seem to increase only in abstaining women. This result can be related to the length of abstinence.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition, Ouro Preto Federal University, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cardoso Fernandes Toffolo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aparecida Marliére
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nascimento de Freitas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva de Aguiar Nemer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood*; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013695:Temperance; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase