title: Is DNA damage response ready for action anywhere?
abstract: Organisms are continuously exposed to DNA damaging agents, consequently, cells have developed an intricate system known as the DNA damage response (DDR) in order to detect and repair DNA lesions. This response has to be rapid and accurate in order to keep genome integrity. It has been observed that the condensation state of chromatin hinders a proper DDR. However, the condensation state of chromatin is not the only barrier to DDR. In this review, we have collected data regarding the presence of DDR factors on micronuclear DNA lesions that indicate that micronuclei are almost incapable of generating an effective DDR because of defects in their nuclear envelope. Finally, considering the recent observations about the reincorporation of micronuclei to the main bulk of chromosomes, we suggest that, under certain circumstances, micronuclei carrying DNA damage might be a source of chromosome instability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: Mariona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terradas
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2848-345X
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tusell
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genescà
mesh_terms: D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043171:Chromosomal Instability / Q000235:genetics*; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004247:DNA
keywords: DSB repair; NER pathway; chromosome instability; micronuclei