title: Polymerase chain reaction, bacteriologic detection and antibiogram of bacteria isolated from otitis media with effusion in children, shiraz, iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Otitis media with effusion is one of the leading causes of hearing loss in children. Effective treatment of effusion in the middle ear requires appropriate empirical treatment and characterization of responsible pathogens. Objective of the present study was to detect pathogens in clinical samples from patients with otitis media with effusion in our area and to determine the sensitivity profile of isolated organisms to commonly used antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty three samples of middle ear effusion were aseptically obtained from 36 children, who had been treated up to at least two weeks before sampling. They were analyzed using standard bacteriological and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCR analysis showed that DNA of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were present in 60 (95.2%) of the samples. The culture-positive effusion for Streptococcus Pneumoniae, HaemophilusInfluenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was 34.9%. Almost all isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniaee were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, and none of them was sensitive to co-trimoxazole. None of H. Influenzae isolates was sensitive to erythromycin, cefixim, co-trimoxazole, ampicillin and amoxicillin. None of M. Catarrhalis isolates was sensitive to ceftriaxone, co-trimoxazole, ampicillin and amoxicillin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with other studies using PCR method, the number of H.influenza isolates was in higher in the present study (95.2%). Antibiotic sensitivity profiles of pathogens isolated in this study were different from others. Thus, we can determine empirical antibiotic therapy based on sensitivity profile in our geographic area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Khalili Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shishegar
authors.forename: Abolhasan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faramarzi
authors.forename: Tayyebe
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayat
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motamedifar
keywords: Iran; Otitis media with effusion; antibacterial resistance; antibiogram; polymerase chain reaction