title: Medicines information in medical journal advertising in Australia, Malaysia and the United States: A comparative cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the provision of medicines information in medical journal advertising in Australia, Malaysia and the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive sample of 85 unique advertisements from each country was selected from the advertisements published between January 2004 to December 2006 in three widely circulated medical journals and one prescribing reference manual. The availability of brand name and generic name, indication, contraindications, dosage, side-effects, warnings, interactions and precautions was compared between the three countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined 255 distinct advertisements for 136 pharmaceutical products. Journal advertising in Australia, Malaysia and the US usually provided brand names and generic names (range 96 -100%). Information on dosage was significantly less likely to be mentioned (32%) in the US than in Australia (92%) and Malaysia (48%) (P < 0.001). Warning information was significantly less likely to be provided in Australia (5%) than in the US (81%) and Malaysia (9%) (P < 0.001). Apart from information on brand name, generic name, warnings and dosage, other product information significantly less likely to be provided in journal advertising in Malaysia than in Australia and the US (P < 0.001). Similar trends in the provision of product information for the same medicines published in these countries were noted. Brand name and generic name were always provided in the three countries (100%). However, information on the negative effects of medicines was less frequently provided in Malaysia than in Australia and the US.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Journal advertising in Australia, Malaysia and the US failed to provide complete product information. Low quality of information provided in Malaysia indicates the need for effective regulation of provision of medicines information in journal advertising. Different standards of medicines information provided in these three countries suggest that pharmaceutical promotion needs to be better controlled at the international level.
authors.affiliation: Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. ; Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noordin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.forename: Agnes Isabelle
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Vitry
authors.forename: Elizabeth Ellen
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Roughead
keywords: Australia; Malaysia; Pharmaceutical advertisements; promotion; regulation