title: Serum phosphate and hip bone mineral density as additional factors for high vascular calcification scores in a community-dwelling: the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the association between abdominal aortic calcification scores (AACS) and bone metabolism parameters in a well-characterized general population of older adults.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several studies suggest a link between bone mineral metabolism disorders and vascular calcification; although only few of them analyze bone mineral density(BMD), laboratory bone markers and cardiovascular parameters at the same time and none were done in a miscegenated population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 815 subjects ≥ 65 years old. The risk factors for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease as well as a wide array of demographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected using a standardized questionnaire. BMD was measured by DXA. Kauppila's method was used to quantify the AAC score (AACS) by spine X-rays. Laboratory analyses were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AAC was observed in 63.2% of subjects with a median AACS of 2 (IQR: 0-7). AACS were categorized in quartiles and the highest quartile of AACS (>7) were compared with the three lower quartiles of AACS (≤ 7). Logistic regression analysis was performed using parameters with statistical significance in the univariate analysis. The best logistic regression model revealed that AACS>7 was negatively associated with femoral neck BMD and positively associated with phosphorus, adjusted by age, current smoking, LDL, and arterial hypertension in the elderly community-dwelling population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified that higher serum phosphate levels and lower hip BMD are independent bone variables that are associated with elevated vascular calcification scores, supporting the search for effective prevention and treatment strategies that may simultaneously reduce these modifiable risk factors in older subjects.
authors.affiliation: Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camille P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Nalini M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rajamannan
authors.forename: Jaqueline B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Valeria F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Caparbo
authors.forename: Liliam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Márcia E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kuroishi
authors.forename: Ilka S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Paulo R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scazufca
authors.forename: Eloisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonfá
authors.forename: Rosa M R
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D015519:Bone Density; D001938:Brazil; D002114:Calcinosis; D005260:Female; D006615:Hip; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates