title: Effects of lichen extracts on haematological parameters of rats with experimental insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world is steadily increasing. Oxidative stress contributes to the development of diabetic complications, including diabetic haematological changes. Lichens are used as food supplements and are also used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. We hypothesized that antioxidant activity of lichens may decrease hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and prevent the development of diabetic complications, including abnormality in haematological condition. Therefore, the effects of Cetraria islandica water extract (CIWE) and Pseudevernia furfuracea water extract (PFWE) on the haematological parameters of rats with type 1 DM were investigated for the first time in the present study. Control Sprague-Dawley or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with water lichen extracts (5-500 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day) for 2 weeks, starting at 72 h after STZ injection. On day 14, animals were anaesthetized and haematological and metabolic parameters were determined between control and experimental groups. In addition, the total oxidative stress (TOS), a specific indicator of oxidative stress, and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by biochemical studies. In diabetic rats, CIWE of 250-500 mg/kg bw dose showed more prominent results when compared with doses of PFWE for TAC. The results obtained in the present study suggested that the antioxidant activities of lichens might be the possible reason behind the observed antihaematological status. However, the protective effect of lichen extracts were inadequate on diabetes-induced microcytic hypochromic anaemia. In addition, the extracts have no effect on metabolic complications. Our experimental data showed that high doses of CIWE and PFWE alone have no detrimental effect on blood cells and TOS status of plasma. Hence, they are safe and suitable for different administration routes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin, Turkey suatcolak@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Colak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatime
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Geyikoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Gumuşhane University, Health Services Vocational School, Gumuşhane, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülşah Yıldız
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Deniz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D008011:Lichens / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Cetraria islandica; Pseudevernia furfuracea; haematological parameter; oxidative stress; type 1 diabetes