title: Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus contrasts with encephalomyocarditis and foot-and-mouth disease viruses in its functional utilization of the StopGo non-standard translation mechanism.
abstract: The picornaviruses' genome consists of a positive-sense ssRNA. Like many picornaviruses, cardioviruses synthesize two distinct polyprotein precursors from adjacent but non-overlapping genome segments. Both the [L-1ABCD-2A] and the [2BC-3ABCD] polyproteins are proteolytically processed to yield mature capsid and non-structural proteins, respectively. An unusual translational event, known as 'StopGo' or 'Stop-Carry on', is responsible for the release of the [L-1ABCD-2A] polyprotein from the ribosome and synthesis of the N-terminal amino acid of the [2BC-3ABCD] polyprotein. A common feature of these viruses is the presence of a highly conserved signature sequence for StopGo: -D(V/I)ExNPG(↓)P-, where -D(V/I)ExNPG are the last 7 aa of 2A, and the last P- is the first amino acid of 2B. Here, we report that, in contrast to encephalomyocarditis virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus, a functional StopGo does not appear to be essential for Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus viability when tested in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loughran
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Libbey
authors.affiliation: Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uddowla
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Scallan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Fujinami
authors.affiliation: Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rieder
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.|Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.|Department of Biochemistry, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Atkins
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D004686:Encephalomyocarditis virus / Q000235:genetics*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D050296:Microbial Viability; D020815:Polyproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D017945:Theilovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020815:Polyproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins