title: Insights into the role of progranulin in immunity, infection, and inflammation.
abstract: PGRN, a pleiotrophic growth factor, is known to play an important role in the maintenance and regulation of the homeostatic dynamics of normal tissue development, proliferation, regeneration, and the host-defense response and therefore, has been widely studied in the fields of infectious diseases, wound healing, tumorigenesis, and neuroproliferative and degenerative diseases. PGRN has also emerged as a multifaceted immune-regulatory molecule through regulating the signaling pathways known to be critical for immunology, especially TNF/TNFR signaling. In this review, we start with updates about the interplays of PGRN with ECM proteins, proteolytic enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, and cell-surface receptors, as well as various pathophysiological processes involved. We then review the data supporting an emerging role of PGRN in the fields of the "Cubic of I", namely, immunity, infection, and inflammation, with special focus on its regulation of autoimmune syndromes. We conclude with insights into the immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, therapeutic potential of PGRN in treating diseases with an inflammatory etiology in a vast range of medical specialties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konopka
authors.forename: Chuanju
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D000077153:Progranulins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C492314:GRN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000077153:Progranulins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha