title: Calcitonin gingival crevicular fluid levels and pain discomfort during early orthodontic tooth movement in young patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the previously unreported presence of calcitonin (CT) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), its variations during initial orthodontic tooth movement in both tension and compression sites, and its possible association with the experienced dental pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen children (mean age: 12.6 years) requiring orthodontic closure of the upper midline diastema were included. We collected GCF from the compression and tension sites of the upper right central incisor (experimental) and first bicuspid (control), before and after (1h, 24h, 7d, 15d) beginning of treatment. Calcitonin levels were determined by Western blot. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calcitonin levels were higher in the compression site versus the control site at 7d (p=0.014). Intragroup comparisons showed an increment of CT between 1h and 7d (680.81±1672.60pg/30s, p=0.010) in the compression site. No significant changes were found in the tension and control sites. Calcitonin levels and pain intensity were negatively associated during the period from 24h to 15d (r=-0.54, p=0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT levels in the GCF significantly increased in the compression site after the short term after application of orthodontic forces. These changes were negatively associated with the perceived patient's dental pain during the period from 24h to 15d.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Section of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. jalarcon@ugr.es
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Alarcón
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Linde
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Caba
authors.forename: María Judith
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rios-Lugo
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Conchita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D003970:Diastema / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000379:methods; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002116:Calcitonin