title: Research Units of Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) autism network randomized clinical trial of parent training and medication: one-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To follow up on a three-site, 24-week randomized clinical trial (N = 124) comparing antipsychotic medication alone (MED) with antipsychotic medication plus parent training in the behavior management (COMB) of children with autism spectrum disorders and severe behavior problems. The COMB treatment had shown a significant advantage for child behavioral noncompliance (p = .006, d = 0.34), irritability (p = .01, d = 0.48), and hyperactivity/noncompliance (p = .04, d = 0.55) with a lower medication dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  One year after each participant's termination, the authors mailed an assessment packet with a return-addressed envelope; a telephone call alerted the family. Failure to return packets within 1 month elicited another contact and offers to resend.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-seven of 124 families (70.2%) participated in the follow-up. The improvement difference between treatments attenuated from after treatment to follow-up for noncompliance (d = 0.32 to 0.12) and irritability (d = 0.46 to 0.03). The follow-up differences were nonsignificant (the noncompliance difference also was nonsignificant after treatment for these 87 families). Sixty-seven percent of the COMB group and 53% of the MED group were still taking risperidone, the original study medication. Most needed dose adjustments or additional medication, and the COMB group no longer had a significantly lower dose. All COMB families but only 39% of MED families reported seeking parent training after treatment. Improvements in daily living skills during treatment predicted noncompliance improvement at follow-up for the COMB children, but noncompliance deterioration and especially hyperactivity/noncompliance deterioration for the MED children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study treatment experience/familiarity greatly influenced the follow-up treatment: those who had received parent training reported seeking it, whereas those who had not received it tended not to seek it. The superiority of COMB over MED after treatment attenuated by more than half at follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, Sunbury, OH 43074, USA. l.arnold@osumc.edu
authors.forename: L Eugene
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Aman
authors.forename: Xiaobai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Butter
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scahill
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lecavalier
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McDougle
authors.forename: Naomi B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Swiezy
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Handen
authors.forename: Krystina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Stigler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D018967:Risperidone