title: Prospective study on metabolic factors and risk of prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are inconsistent data regarding the association between metabolic factors, separately and combined, and the risk of prostate cancer and death from prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me-Can), data on body mass index (BMI); blood pressure; and blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected for 289,866 men. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) by exposures in quintiles as well as for z scores (with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1) together with a composite sum of scores to assess the combined effect of metabolic factors. RRs were corrected for random errors in measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up of 12 years, 6673 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 961 died of the disease. Men with high levels of glucose and triglycerides were found to have a decreased risk of prostate cancer: top versus bottom quintile of glucose: RR, 0.82 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.62-1.08; P value for trend = .03) and top versus bottom quintile of triglycerides: RR, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.74-1.04; P value for trend = .001). High BMI, elevated blood pressure, and a high composite z score were found to be associated with an increased risk of death from prostate cancer: top versus bottom quintile of BMI: RR, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.08-1.71); systolic blood pressure: RR, 1.62 (95% CI, 1.07-2.45); and per 1-unit increase of the composite z score: RR, 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03-1.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors found no evidence of an association between high levels of metabolic factors and the risk of prostate cancer, but high BMI, elevated blood pressure, and a composite score of all metabolic factors were associated with an increased risk of death from prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. christel.haggstrom@urologi.umu.se
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Häggström
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stocks
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ulmert
authors.forename: Tone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bjørge
authors.forename: Hanno
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulmer
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engeland
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almqvist
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Selmer
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Concin
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tretli
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stattin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol