title: How European centres diagnose, treat, and prevent CIED infections: results of an European Heart Rhythm Association survey.
abstract: The purpose of our survey is to analyse the clinical approach used to prevent and treat cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infections in Europe. The survey involves high-volume implanting centres. According to the survey the incidence of CIED infections shows a slight decrease in most centres and is substantially under 2% in the majority of centres interviewed. However, there are still differences in terms of prophylactic antibiotic therapy: 8.9% of the centres administer oxacillin as preoperative treatment, 4.4% of them do not give any antibiotic therapy, all centres use some kind of skin antisepsis, but only 42.2% use chlorhexidine. In case of local infection, 43.5% of centres perform lead extraction as first approach. In the case of systemic infection or evidence of lead or valvular endocarditis, 95% of centres treat these conditions by extracting the leads, which indicates that the adherence to the lead extraction guidelines is quite good.
authors.affiliation: Second Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. m.g.bongiorni@med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bongiorni
authors.forename: Germanas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marinskis
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: Jesper Hastrup
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dobreanu
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blomström-Lundqvist
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D000985:Antisepsis; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects; D020878:Device Removal; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D061847:Hospitals, High-Volume; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002710:Chlorhexidine