title: The CNS and bladder dysfunction.
abstract: The brain's role in the development and maintenance of bladder control is critical, although its precise role in patient-reported complaints such as urgency and urine leakage is unknown. Functional brain imaging studies have advanced our knowledge of brain activity during the micturition cycle, showing multiple neuronal circuits involved as parts of a 'brain-bladder control network.' Yet, new advances need to be made in order to incorporate this knowledge into existing models of neuroanatomy and of clinical syndromes of bladder dysfunction and related clinical practice. This short article explains why and how brain imaging methods are poised to achieve that goal and decode the role of the brain in widely prevalent clinical conditions related to bladder dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213.
authors.forename: Stasa D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Tadic
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holstege
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Griffiths