title: Health advocacy: a vital step in attaining human rights for adults with intellectual disability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People with intellectual disability (ID) experience health inequity compared with the general population, a key contributing factor being disparities in social determinants of health. The enactment of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) provides a platform for the progression and promotion of health and other interconnected rights to address barriers to the highest attainable standard of health for this populace. Rights can be brought to life through advocacy efforts. This paper explores the meaning, perceptions and experiences of advocacy by family members and paid support workers of adults with ID and locates the findings within a health and human rights discourse.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a larger randomised controlled trial, 113 parents and 84 support workers of adults with ID completed a telephone interview that included open-ended questions about their understanding and experiences of advocacy. Thematic analysis was used to identify relevant themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five key themes were identified. The first underscored how advocacy to 'speak up' for the person with ID is integral to both parent and support worker roles. The second and third themes considered the contexts for advocacy efforts. Access to quality health care was a core concern, along with advocacy across other areas and sectors to address the person's wider psychosocial needs. The remaining themes highlighted the many dimensions to advocacy, including differences between parent and support worker views, with parental advocacy being an expression of 'caring' and support workers motivated by a 'duty of care' to protect the individual's 'rights'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parent and support worker advocacy provides one means to address the social determinants of health and fulfilment of health rights of and for people with ID. Policy and practice in the context of governmental obligation under the CRPD should support advocacy and make health rights the reality not rhetoric for this group of men and women.
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia. c.brolan@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Brolan
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor Gomez
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Lennox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D003256:Community Participation / Q000523:psychology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006806:Human Rights / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology*; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010344:Patient Advocacy / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D012945:Social Values