title: Birth weight, head circumference, and prenatal exposure to acrylamide from maternal diet: the European prospective mother-child study (NewGeneris).
abstract: Acrylamide is a common dietary exposure that crosses the human placenta. It is classified as a probable human carcinogen, and developmental toxicity has been observed in rodents.
  
  
  
  We examined the associations between prenatal exposure to acrylamide and birth outcomes in a prospective European mother-child study.
  
  
  
  Hemoglobin (Hb) adducts of acrylamide and its metabolite glycidamide were measured in cord blood (reflecting cumulated exposure in the last months of pregnancy) from 1,101 singleton pregnant women recruited in Denmark, England, Greece, Norway, and Spain during 2006-2010. Maternal diet was estimated through food-frequency questionnaires.
  
  
  
  Both acrylamide and glycidamide Hb adducts were associated with a statistically significant reduction in birth weight and head circumference. The estimated difference in birth weight for infants in the highest versus lowest quartile of acrylamide Hb adduct levels after adjusting for gestational age and country was -132 g (95% CI: -207, -56); the corresponding difference for head circumference was -0.33 cm (95% CI: -0.61, -0.06). Findings were similar in infants of nonsmokers, were consistent across countries, and remained after adjustment for factors associated with reduced birth weight. Maternal consumption of foods rich in acrylamide, such as fried potatoes, was associated with cord blood acrylamide adduct levels and with reduced birth weight.
  
  
  
  Dietary exposure to acrylamide was associated with reduced birth weight and head circumference. Consumption of specific foods during pregnancy was associated with higher acrylamide exposure in utero. If confirmed, these findings suggest that dietary intake of acrylamide should be reduced among pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Stedingk
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Botsivali
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agramunt
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brunborg
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chatzi
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fthenou
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Granum
authors.forename: Kristine B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Gutzkow
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.forename: Lisbeth E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: Soterios A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kyrtopoulos
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Domenico F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Merlo
authors.forename: Jeanette K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rydberg
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Segerbäck
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunyer
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Törnqvist
authors.forename: Jos C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kleinjans
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogevinas
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000097:blood*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D006454:Hemoglobins; D020106:Acrylamide; C071834:glycidamide