title: [Outbreak of human A (H1N1) influenza in turkeys of a commercial poultry farm, Valparaiso, Chile: August 2009].
abstract: The Chilean Ministry of Health (MINSAL) led an investigation to identify associated factors to human influenza A (H1N1) infection in turkeys from poultry farms, Valparaíso. The Agriculture and Livestock Farming Service (SAG) informed the detection of influenza A (low pathogenicity) in turkeys and the Public Health Institute (ISP) confirmed influenza A (H1N1).The study included 100% of operative wards: 31% presented positive event (influenza A (H1N1)); 60% if considered only reproductive wards. Dissemination and dispersion velocity of 13 wards in 18 days evidenced a continuous common source. Interviews were performed to 89% of workers of whom 20% presented influenza-like disease: 26% from reproductive wards and 4% from raising and rearing farms. Of15 risk factors studied insemination and age in females showed statistically significant RR in low oviposition index wards. A man-bird transmission is proposed, through direct transmission of saliva during manual insemination or indirect transmission through contaminated semen. To the authors, this is the first turkey 2009 influenza H1N1 outbreak detected worldwide,in this case with a documented cloacal transmission path.
authors.affiliation: Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud de Chile.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pedroni
authors.forename: Ximena
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sotomayor
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fasce
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014422:Turkeys; D055815:Young Adult