title: Comparison of drug-induced sleep endoscopy and lateral cephalometry in obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between findings from drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and lateral cephalometry in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a consecutive series of subjects with OSA who underwent DISE and lateral cephalometry. DISE findings were characterized according to the region/degree of obstruction as well as the VOTE classification (velum, oropharyngeal lateral walls, tongue, and epiglottis). The primary measurements from lateral cephalometry images were sella-nasion-point A angle, sella-nasion-point B angle, distance from the posterior nasal spine-tip of palate, posterior airway space, and mandibular plane to hyoid (MPH) distance, although additional airway measurements were taken. Descriptive statistics summarized DISE and lateral cephalometry findings, and χ(2) and t tests examined potential associations between their findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 55 subjects, most demonstrated velum-related obstruction, although obstruction related to other structures was also common. Lateral cephalometry findings were within population norms with the exception of an increased MPH and decreased airway 4 and airway 5 measurements. There was little association between DISE and lateral cephalometry findings, although significant associations were identified between tongue-related obstruction and airway measurements posterior to the tongue base.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DISE and lateral cephalometry are largely distinct airway evaluation techniques in OSA. The use of these techniques remains complementary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Sooyoun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Ib
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kezirian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002508:Cephalometry; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011859:Radiography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol