title: On-line solid-phase microextraction of triclosan, bisphenol A, chlorophenols, and selected pharmaceuticals in environmental water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection.
abstract: A method using on-line solid-phase microextraction (SPME) on a carbowax-templated fiber followed by liquid chromatography (LC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed for the determination of triclosan in environmental water samples. Along with triclosan, other selected phenolic compounds, bisphenol A, and acidic pharmaceuticals were studied. Previous SPME/LC or stir-bar sorptive extraction/LC-UV for polar analytes showed lack of sensitivity. In this study, the calculated octanol-water distribution coefficient (log D) values of the target analytes at different pH values were used to estimate polarity of the analytes. The lack of sensitivity observed in earlier studies is identified as a lack of desorption by strong polar-polar interactions between analyte and solid-phase. Calculated log D values were useful to understand or predict the interaction between analyte and solid phase. Under the optimized conditions, the method detection limit of selected analytes by using on-line SPME-LC-UV method ranged from 5 to 33 ng L(-1), except for very polar 3-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol which was obscured in wastewater samples by an interfering substance. This level of detection represented a remarkable improvement over the conventional existing methods. The on-line SPME-LC-UV method, which did not require derivatization of analytes, was applied to the determination of TCS including phenolic compounds and acidic pharmaceuticals in tap water and river water and municipal wastewater samples.
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 209 Gajeong-ro 209, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea. dhkim@kriss.re.kr
authors.forename: Dalho
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jungho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yongwook
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002138:Calibration; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014260:Triclosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002733:Chlorophenols; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010636:Phenols; D012492:Salts; D012997:Solvents; D014260:Triclosan; D014867:Water; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol; C030682:3-chlorophenol