title: Combined intralesional Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and topical imiquimod for in-transit melanoma.
abstract: The introduction of numerous immunotherapeutic agents into the clinical arena has allowed the long-time promise of immunotherapy to begin to become reality. Intralesional immunotherapy has demonstrated activity in multiple tumor types, and as the number of locally applicable agents has increased, so has the opportunity for therapeutic combinations. Both intralesional Bacille Calmette-Guérin (ILBCG) and topical 5% imiquimod cream have been used as single agents for the treatment of dermal/subcutaneous lymphatic metastases or in-transit melanoma, but the combination has not previously been reported. We used this combination regimen in 9 patients during the period from 2004 to 2011 and report their outcomes here. All patients were initially treated with ILBCG, followed by topical imiquimod after development of an inflammatory response to BCG. In this retrospective study, we examined their demographics, tumor characteristics, clinical and pathologic response to treatment, associated morbidities, local and distant recurrence, and overall survival. The 9 patients (8 male) had a mean age of 72 years (range, 56-95 y). Mild, primarily local toxicities were noted. Five patients (56%) had complete regression of their in-transit disease and 1 had a partial response. The 3 others had "surgical" complete responses with resection of solitary resistant lesions. The mean interval between the first treatment and complete resolution of in-transit disease was of 6.5 months (range, 2-12 mo). With a mean follow-up of 35 months (range 12-58 mo), 7 patients (78%) had not developed recurrent in-transit disease. Two patients (22%) have died of nonmelanoma causes, and none have died due to melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA.
authors.forename: Travis B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kidner
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Delphine J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoban
authors.forename: Leland J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Foshag
authors.forename: Roderick R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Faries
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077271:Imiquimod; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D000077271:Imiquimod