title: [Chronic heart failure therapy: where we are and where we are going to].
abstract: Despite significant advances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy, epidemiological data from European and US hospitals show that the prevalence of heart failure (HF) hospitalization, especially for patients >65 years, continues to rise. Hospitalization for worsening HF is one of the most important predictors of short- and long-term outcomes in patients with chronic HF. There is therefore a clear need for new therapies that can work synergistically with standard medications to reverse the progression of the disease and improve myocardial efficiency. In the last years, researches in chronic HF focused on drugs that can exert a greater attenuation of neurohormonal activation and that can improve cardiac energy and substrate utilization.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale ed Applicata, Università degli Studi e Spedali Civili, Brescia . savinanodari@gmail.com
authors.forename: Savina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nodari
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Triggiani
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manerba
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lupi
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dei Cas
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000577:Amides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005650:Fumarates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D000077550:Ivabradine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D001552:Benzazepines; D005650:Fumarates; D000077550:Ivabradine; C446481:aliskiren