title: Safety of florfenicol administered in feed to tilapia (Oreochromis sp.).
abstract: The safety of Aquaflor(®) (50% w/w florfenicol [FFC]) incorporated in feed then administered to tilapia for 20 days (2× the recommended duration) at 0, 15, 45, or 75 mg/kg body weight/day (0, 1, 3, or 5× the recommended dose of 15 mg FFC/kg BW/d) was investigated. Mortality, behavioral change, feed consumption, body size, and gross and microscopic lesions were determined. Estimated delivered doses were >96.9% of target. Three unscheduled mortalities occurred but were considered incidental since FFC-related findings were not identified. Feed consumption was only affected during the last 10 dosing days when the 45 and 75 mg/kg groups consumed only 62.5% and 55.3% of the feed offered, respectively. There were significant, dose-dependent reductions in body size in the FFC-dose groups relative to the controls. Treatment-related histopathological findings included increased severity of lamellar epithelial hyperplasia, increased incidence of lamellar adhesions, decreased incidence of lamellar telangiectasis in the gills, increased glycogen-type and lipid-type hepatocellular vacuolation in the liver, decreased lymphocytes, increased blast cells, and increased individual cell necrosis in the anterior kidney, and tubular epithelial degeneration and mineralization in the posterior kidney. These changes are likely to be of minimal clinical relevance, given the lack of mortality or morbidity observed. This study has shown that FFC, when administered in feed to tilapia at the recommended dose (15 mg FFC/kg BW/day) for 10 days would be well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603, USA. mgaikowski@usgs.gov
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gaikowski
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schleis
authors.forename: Darrell
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tuomari
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Endris
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D017210:Tilapia
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C035534:florfenicol; D013839:Thiamphenicol
keywords: Aquaflor®; florfenicol; medicated feed; tilapia.