title: Effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine on resting-state electroencephalographic rhythms in Alzheimer's disease patients.
abstract: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are the most widely used symptomatic treatment for mild to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, while N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantine is licensed for use in moderate to severe AD patients. In this article, the effect of these compounds on resting state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms in AD patients is reviewed to form a knowledge platform for the European Innovative Medicine Initiative project "PharmaCog" (IMI Grant Agreement No. 115009) aimed at developing innovative translational models for drug testing in AD. Indeed, quite similar EEG experiments and the same kind of spectral data analysis can be performed in animal models of AD and in elderly individuals with prodromal or manifest AD. Several studies have shown that AChEIs affect both resting state EEG rhythms and cognitive functions in AD patients. After few weeks of successful treatment, delta (0-3 Hz) or theta (4-7 Hz) rhythms decrease, dominant alpha rhythms (8-10 Hz) increase, and cognitive functions slightly improve. Beneficial effects of these rhythms and cognitive functions were also found in AD responders to the long-term successful treatment (i.e. 6-12 months). In contrast, only one study has explored the long-term effects of memantine on EEG rhythms in AD patients, showing reduced theta rhythms. The present review enlightens the expected effects of AChEIs on resting state EEG rhythms in AD patients as promising EEG markers for the development of translational protocols both within the PharmaCog project and for wider use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy. claudio.babiloni@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Babiloni
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Percio
authors.forename: Regis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bordet
authors.forename: Jean-Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bourriez
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bentivoglio
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Payoux
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Derambure
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dix
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Infarinato
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lizio
authors.forename: Antonio Ivano
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Triggiani
authors.forename: Jill C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Paolo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rossini
mesh_terms: D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008559:Memantine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D008559:Memantine