title: Fully integrated biochip platforms for advanced healthcare.
abstract: Recent advances in microelectronics and biosensors are enabling developments of innovative biochips for advanced healthcare by providing fully integrated platforms for continuous monitoring of a large set of human disease biomarkers. Continuous monitoring of several human metabolites can be addressed by using fully integrated and minimally invasive devices located in the sub-cutis, typically in the peritoneal region. This extends the techniques of continuous monitoring of glucose currently being pursued with diabetic patients. However, several issues have to be considered in order to succeed in developing fully integrated and minimally invasive implantable devices. These innovative devices require a high-degree of integration, minimal invasive surgery, long-term biocompatibility, security and privacy in data transmission, high reliability, high reproducibility, high specificity, low detection limit and high sensitivity. Recent advances in the field have already proposed possible solutions for several of these issues. The aim of the present paper is to present a broad spectrum of recent results and to propose future directions of development in order to obtain fully implantable systems for the continuous monitoring of the human metabolism in advanced healthcare applications.
authors.affiliation: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. sandro.carrara@epfl.ch
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrara
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghoreishizadeh
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olivo
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taurino
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baj-Rossi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavallini
authors.forename: Maaike Op
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: de Beeck
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dehollain
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Burleson
authors.forename: Francis Gabriel
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Moussy
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guiseppi-Elie
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Micheli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001709:Biotechnology; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D006801:Humans; D046208:Microchip Analytical Procedures; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D036103:Nanotechnology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants
keywords: CMOS design; biochip; biocompatible membranes; enzymes, biotechnology; nanotechnology; potentiostats; privacy; remote powering; security