title: Liposomal delivery of proteins and peptides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of delivery issues exist for biotech molecules including peptides, proteins and gene-based medicines that now make up over 60% of the drug pipeline. The problems comprise pharmaceutical ad biopharmaceutical issues. One of the common approaches to overcome these issues is the use of a carrier and liposomes as carriers have been investigated extensively over the last decade.
  
  
  METHODS
  The review has been discussed in terms of formulation and preclinical development studies and in vivo studies encompassing different delivery routes including parenteral, oral, buccal, pulmonary, intranasal, ocular and transdermal involving liposomes as carriers. Important research findings have been tabulated under each side heading and an expert opinion has been summarised for each delivery route.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conclusion and expert opinion - conclusion sections discuss in detail troubleshooting aspects related to the use of liposomes as carriers for delivery of biopharmaceutical moieties and scrutinises the aspects behind the absence of a protein/peptide-containing liposome in market.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland. swaminaj@tcd.ie
authors.forename: Janani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swaminathan
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ehrhardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins