title: Age trends in estradiol and estrone levels measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in community-dwelling men of the Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Age trends in estradiol and estrone levels in men and how lifestyle factors, comorbid conditions, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin affect these age trends remain poorly understood, and were examined in men of the Framingham Heart Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estrone and estradiol concentrations were measured in morning fasting samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in men of Framingham Offspring Generation. Free estradiol was calculated using a law of mass action equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1,461 eligible men (mean age [±SD] 61.1±9.5 years and body mass index [BMI] 28.8±4.5kg/m(2)). Total estradiol and estrone were positively associated with age, but free estradiol was negatively associated with age. Age-related increase in total estrone was greater than that in total estradiol. Estrone was positively associated with smoking, BMI, and testosterone, and total and free estradiol with diabetes, BMI, testosterone, and comorbid conditions; additionally, free estradiol was associated negatively with smoking. Collectively, age, BMI, testosterone, and other health and behavioral factors explained only 18% of variance in estradiol, and 9% of variance in estrone levels. Men in the highest quintile of estrone levels had significantly higher age and BMI, and a higher prevalence of smoking, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease than others, whereas those in the highest quintile of estradiol had higher BMI than others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total estrone and estradiol levels in men, measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, revealed significant age-related increases that were only partially accounted for by cross-sectional differences in BMI, diabetes status, and other comorbidities and health behaviors. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Guneet Kaur
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Jasuja
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Travison
authors.forename: Maithili
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davda
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Murabito
authors.forename: Shehzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basaria
authors.forename: Anqi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kushnir
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rockwood
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meikle
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pencina
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coviello
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Ramachandran S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.forename: Shalender
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhasin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood*; D004970:Estrone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004967:Estrogens; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D004970:Estrone; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Age trends; Age-related changes in estrone and estradiol; Determinants of estrogen levels in men.; Estrogen levels in men; LC-MS/MS