title: The ACTIVE cognitive training interventions and trajectories of performance among older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Salthouse illustrated that among Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) participants, cognitive change accelerated following training. Our goal was to determine if this finding persists net of practice, training, and loss of training gains effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated change over 5 years following cognitive training among older adults (N = 1,659, age 65 to 94).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reasoning training, but not memory or speed, attenuated aging-related change. Memory gains were maintained, but about half of reasoning and speed gains were lost. Performance differences at the end of the follow-up were equivalent to about 6, 4, and 8 years of aging for memory, reasoning, and speed training, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training can appear to accelerate age-related change, because change over time is coupled with loss of training gains. Our analysis is limited by follow-up that is short for precisely characterizing aging-related change.
authors.affiliation: Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marsiske
authors.forename: Karlene
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rebok
authors.forename: Sherry L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tennstedt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: advanced cognitive training for independent and vital elderly; cognitive training interventions; growth curve modeling; older adults; training outcomes