title: Delayed primary repair of bladder exstrophy: ultimate effect on growth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Late referrals or unsuitable bladder templates often require delayed primary repair of bladder exstrophy. We investigated longitudinal bladder growth rates and eventual outcomes following this approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  After institutional review board approval, we reviewed the medical records of patients with classic bladder exstrophy who underwent neonatal or delayed (more than 30 days) primary closure at our institution between 1970 and 2006. Clinical characteristics and annual cystographic bladder capacity before the continence procedure were compared. Failed primary exstrophy repairs were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 33 patients with available bladder capacity measurements underwent delayed exstrophy closure due to small bladder template in 18 (88% male) and late referral in 15 (80% male) at respective median ages of 305 days (range 86 to 981) and 172 days (31 to 676). They were compared to 82 patients (71% male) undergoing neonatal closure at a median of 2 days of life (range 0 to 27). Pelvic osteotomy was performed in 32 of 33 delayed closures. Longitudinal analysis of the bladder capacities demonstrated that, compared to neonatally closed cases, bladder capacities were on average 36 ml smaller in those with delayed repair due to small templates (p = 0.01) and 29 ml smaller in those with late referrals (p = 0.13). However, the rate of bladder growth did not differ significantly among the 3 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delayed primary repair of exstrophy does not compromise the rate of bladder growth. However, children born with smaller templates will have overall smaller capacities and are less likely to undergo bladder neck reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baradaran
authors.forename: Raimondo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cervellione
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Stec
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gearhart
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000254:growth & development*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*