title: Complex modulation of the expression of PKC isoforms in the rat brain during chronic type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: We previously demonstrated that chronic hyperglycemia has a detrimental influence on neurovascular coupling in the brain-an effect linked to an alteration in the protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation pattern. Moreover, the activity of PKC was increased, in diabetic rat brain, in a tissue fraction composed primarily of the superficial glia limitans and pial vessels, but trended toward a decrease in cerebral cortical gray matter. However, that study did not examine the expression patterns of PKC isoforms in the rat brain. Thus, in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced chronic type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and in non-diabetic (ND) controls, two hypotheses were addressed. First, chronic T1DM is accompanied by changes in the expression of PKC-α, βII, γ, δ, and ε Second, those changes differ when comparing cerebral cortex and glio-pial tissue. In addition, we analyzed the expression of a form of PKC-γ, phosphorylated on threonine 514 (pT514-PKC-γ), as well as the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1). The expression pattern of different PKC isoforms was altered in a complex and tissue-specific manner during chronic hyperglycemia. Notably, in the gray matter, PKC-α expression significantly decreased, while pT514-PKC-γ expression increased. However, PKC-βII, -γ, -δ, -ε, and RACK1 expressions did not change. Conversely, in glio-pial tissue, PKC-α and RACK1 were upregulated, whereas PKC-γ, pT514-PKC-γ, and PKC-ε were downregulated. PKC-βII, and PKC-δ, were unchanged. These findings suggest that the PKC activity increase previously seen in the glio-pial tissue of diabetic rats may be due to the selective upregulation of PKC-α, and ultimately lead to the impairment of neurovascular coupling.
authors.affiliation: Neuroanesthesia Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. vetri@uic.edu
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vetri
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.forename: Hao-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chanannait
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paisansathan
authors.forename: Dale A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pelligrino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000201:enzymology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000201:enzymology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D011493:Protein Kinase C