title: Calculating acid-base and oxygenation status during COPD exacerbation using mathematically arterialised venous blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repeated arterial puncture is painful. A mathematical method exists for transforming peripheral venous pH, PCO 2 and PO 2 to arterial eliminating the need for arterial sampling. This study evaluates this method to monitor acid base and oxygenation during admission for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Simultaneous arterial and peripheral venous blood was analysed. Venous values were used to calculate arterial pH, PCO 2 and PO 2, with these compared to measured values using Bland-Altman analysis and scatter plots. Calculated values of PO 2 were assessed with previously defi ned rules.Differences between maximal changes of calculated and measured values were compared using a t-test, with trends analysed by inspection of plots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four patients, median age 67 years (range 62 – 75), were studied on average 3 days. Mean values of pH,PCO 2 and PO 2 were 7.432 } 0.047, 6.8 } 1.7 kPa and 9.2 } 1.5kPa, respectively. Calculated and measured arterial pH and PCO 2 agreed well, differences having small bias and SD(0.000 } 0.022 pH, – 0.06 } 0.50 kPa PCO 2 ), significantly better than venous blood alone. Calculated PO 2 obeyed the clinical rules. Calculated values could track patients, with no significant differences in maximal changes in measured and calculated values (pH p = 0.96, PCO 2 p = 0.62, PO 2 p = 0.33), and time-course plots matching quantity and pattern of change in measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that arterial pH, PCO 2 and PO 2 can be calculated from peripheral venous values so as to characterise changes seen during exacerbation. Application of the method has potential to reduce arterial sampling, decrease discomfort and enable venous sampling as routine practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science and Technology,Aalborg University, Aalborg , Denmark.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: Beate A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Rychwicka-Kielek
authors.forename: Bjarne F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bibi
authors.forename: Jan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Ulla M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Weinreich
authors.forename: Lene B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Birket-Smith
authors.forename: Søren R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kristensen
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen