title: Antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effect of grape seed and rosemary extract in marinades on the formation of heterocyclic amines in fried beef patties.
abstract: The effect of oil-based marinades containing grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera L.; 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g/100g) formulated in a water/oil emulsion or rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis; 0.12, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 g/100g) in oil on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) in fried beef patties was examined. After application of marinades and frying, four HAs MeIQx (2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline), PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5b]pyridine), Norharman, and Harman were found at low levels in all fried patties, MeIQx (0.3-1.0 ng/g), and PhIP (0.02-0.3 ng/g). The content of MeIQx and PhIP were significantly reduced by approx. 57% and 90% (p<0.05), respectively, after use of marinades containing the highest extract concentration. The antioxidant capacity of grape seed was about two-times greater than that of rosemary extract. A correlation between inhibition of HAs and Trolox-equivalents (MeIQx, R(2)=0.85, p<0.001; PhIP, R(2)=0.83, p<0.001) was found. Sensory tests showed a high acceptance of flavour and colour for controls and samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Physics and Meat Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany. gibis@uni-hohenheim.de
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gibis
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D003296:Cooking; D005511:Food Handling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013649:Taste; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000975:Antioxidants; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; C053775:rosemary oil