title: Estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria are associated with persistent form of atrial fibrillation: analysis in Japanese patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several reports have identified that decline in renal function and presence of proteinuria are closely associated with incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is still unclear whether these kidney-related markers are associated with the progression of AF from paroxysmal to persistent form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the new patients who visited the Cardiovascular Institute Hospital between 2004 and 2010 (Shinken Database 2004-2010, n=15,227), both estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria were measured in 1074 AF patients (paroxysmal/persistent 579/495, respectively), who were divided into tertiles of eGFR (the borderlines were 60.07 and 73.67 ml[min(-1)]1.73[m(-2)], respectively), and then further divided into the two categories with/without proteinuria. The average value of eGFR was lower (63.1 ml[min(-1)]1.73[m(-2)] vs. 68.8 ml[min(-1)]1.73[m(-2)], p<0.001) and the detection rate of proteinuria was higher (13.7% vs. 8.5%, p=0.006) in patients with persistent AF than in those with paroxysmal AF, respectively. In the multivariate analysis without parameters of echocardiography [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left atrial dimension (LAD)], both eGFR and proteinuria were independently associated with persistent AF, but the association was abolished when the model included LAD and LVEF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present analysis with cross-sectional design, both eGFR and proteinuria were apparently linked to the persistent form of AF, but their role in the pathogenesis does not seem to exceed the atrial stretch and remodeling, represented by LAD and LVEF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo, Japan. sinsuz-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sagara
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanou
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: Tokuhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uejima
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kirigaya
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Tadanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016279:Atrial Function, Left; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications*; D013318:Stroke Volume