title: Assessment of IL-1β and VEGF concentration in a rat model during orthodontic tooth movement and extracorporeal shock wave therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate PDL's cytokine concentration fluctuations after induction of orthodontic force with and without extracorporeal shock wave therapy in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  An orthodontic appliance was fabricated and applied between the molars and the incisors of rats. The rats were treated by a single episode of 1000 shock waves and gingival crevicular fluid was collected for 3 days. The expression and concentration of IL-1β and VEGF were evaluated by ELISA assay. On day 3 all rats were sacrificed and histologic and immunohistochemical assays were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1β concentration rose in both the treated and non treated shockwave groups on the first day, however it was statistically significantly higher in the treated group on day 2. No statistically significant difference was detected between the groups on day 3. The number/area of TRAP positive cells was higher in the non shockwave group than in the treated group. The percentage of cells expressing VEGF displayed the opposite trend. The findings regarding the immunohistochemical assay for IL-1β corresponded with those of the ELISA assay on day 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of shockwaves during orthodontic tooth movement influences the expression of IL-1β and VEGF and may alternate the periodontal remodelling expected rate.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic and Craniofacial Department, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Hagai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hazan-Molina
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Abraham Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Reznick
authors.affiliation: The Northern District Trauma and Wound Clinic Division, Maccabi Health Care Services, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic and Craniofacial Department, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: aizenbud@ortho.co.il.
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aizenbud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: Cytokine; Orthodontic movement; Periodontal ligament (PDL); Shock wave