title: Renin-angiotensin system involvement in the oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration of cultured retinal ganglion cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the influence of oxidative stress on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by using a selective culture system of rat RGCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat RGCs were purified by a two-step immunopanning procedure and cultured either with or without antioxidant (AO) compounds. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RGCs were analyzed using dihydroethidium. Expression of angiotensin II, cleaved caspase 3, and netrin-1 was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Live RGCs were detected by use of calcein-acetoxymethyl ester. The roles of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling and netrin-1 were analyzed by use of an AT1R blocker (telmisartan) and an anti-netrin-1 neutralizing antibody, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ROS and angiotensin II were induced in RGCs cultured without AO compounds (AO-). In these cultures, the number of live RGCs decreased and expression of cleaved and activated caspase 3 increased, but these changes were attenuated by addition of the AT1R blocker. Reduction in netrin-1 expression under the AO- condition was also prevented by the AT1R blocker. The AT1R blocker's effects on RGC survival and reduction in cleaved caspase 3-positive cells were cancelled by the anti-netrin-1 neutralizing antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress induced cell death through AT1R signaling and netrin-1 reduction in cultured RGCs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. ozawa@a5.keio.jp
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuki
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aihara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species