title: Anxiety and aggression in rural youth: baseline results from the rural adaptation project.
abstract: There is little research on the prevalence of and risk factors for mental health disorders, including anxiety and aggression, for low income, rural youth. The research that does exist suggests that rural youth may be at increased risk for negative outcomes, including low educational achievement, drug use and possession of weapons among gang members, and alcohol use. Using multilevel logistic regression, we examined individual, family, and school risk and protective factors for adolescent anxiety and aggression in a large, racially diverse sample of 4,321 middle school students who came from two impoverished, rural counties in a Southeastern state. Parent-child conflict, negative peer relationships, and negative friend behaviors were key risk factors associated with both anxiety and aggressive behaviors. The teacher turnover rate at school was also associated with both anxiety and aggression. Significant direct effects, cross-level moderation effects, and implications for prevention programming were discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB # 3550, 325 Pittsboro Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550, USA. smokowsk@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Smokowski
authors.forename: Katie L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cotter
authors.forename: Caroline I B
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Shenyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000374:Aggression; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D054541:Family Conflict; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010379:Peer Group; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology