title: Beneficial effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 on ischemia-induced angiogenesis in diabetic mice.
abstract: Neovascularization and the formation of collateral vessels are often impaired in diabetes mellitus (DM) population compared with non-diabetics. Alterations in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) dysfunction have been confirmed to play a crucial role in impaired neovascularization in diabetic mice. Accumulating data have suggested that Rg1, a main component of Panax ginseng, has the ability to promote tubulogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, and that the mechanism involves increased expression level of VEGF as well as increased eNOS activation. Thus, we speculated that Rg1 might also have therapeutic effects on the impairment of neovascularization in diabetic individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Rg1 could improve angiogenesis in ischemic hindlimb of diabetic mice in vivo. Our data demonstrated that Rg1 treatment resulted in improved angiogenesis in the diabetic ischemic hindlimb, and the potential mechanism might involve increased eNOS activation, upregulated VEGF expression, and inhibited apoptosis. Our results suggest that Rg1 may be used as a novel and useful adjunctive drug for the therapy of peripheral arterial disease in DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,  The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029,  China.
authors.forename: Naiquan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Pengsheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhiwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Ningtian
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiaoxuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dingguo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhengxian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Zhijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D036145:Ginsenosides; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1