title: Increased urinary aldosterone excretion is associated with subcutaneous not visceral, adipose tissue area in obese individuals: a possible manifestation of dysfunctional subcutaneous adipose tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aldosterone is reported to be associated with obesity and is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Metabolic abnormalities are more strongly associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) than with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether aldosterone is more closely associated with VAT area than with SAT area in obese individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 81 Japanese patients (46 men, mean age 43 ± 13 years and 35 women, mean age 53 ± 10 years) suspected of metabolic disorders and measured plasma and 24-h urinary aldosterone, as well as SAT and VAT areas. SAT and VAT areas were measured at the umbilical level by computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that urinary aldosterone was significantly and positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, SAT area, alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, plasma immune-reactive insulin, plasma renin activity and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and negatively correlated with age and blood glucose. Urinary aldosterone was not correlated with VAT area (r = 0·013, P = 0·906). Multivariate regression analyses revealed that log SAT area, age and diastolic blood pressure were significant (P = 0·001, 0·001 and 0·032, respectively) predictors of log urinary aldosterone excretion rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that urinary aldosterone excretion is positively associated with SAT but not with VAT area in the middle-aged obese individuals.Urinary aldosterone is also negatively correlated with age.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan. eisaku-h@juryo.or.jp
authors.forename: Eisaku
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuzaki
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000652:urine*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D000450:Aldosterone; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D012083:Renin