title: Prevalence, incidence, and residual risks for transfusion-transmitted human immunodeficiency virus Types 1 and 2 infection among Chinese blood donors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are little data on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, incidence, or residual risks for transfusion-transmitted HIV infection among Chinese blood donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Donations from five Chinese blood centers in 2008 to 2010 were screened using two rounds of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-HIV-1/2. A reactive result in either or both rounds led to Western blot confirmatory testing. HIV prevalence among first-time donors and incidence among repeat donors were examined. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis examined correlates of HIV confirmatory status among first-time donors. Residual risks were evaluated based on incidence among repeat donors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 821,320 donations, 40% came from repeat donors. A total of 1837 (0.34%) first-time and 577 (0.17%) repeat donations screened reactive, among which 1310 and 419 were tested by Western blot. A total of 233 (17.7%) first-time and 44 (10.5%) repeat donations were confirmed positive. Prevalence was 66 infections per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 59-74) first-time donors. Incidence was 9 of 100,000 (95% CI, 7-12) person-years among repeat donors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicates that first-time donors 26 to 45 years old were 1.6 to 1.8 times likely to be HIV positive than those 25 years and younger. Donors with some college or above education were less likely to be HIV positive than those with middle school education, odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 0.35 to 0.60. Minorities were 1.5 times likely to be HIV positive than Han majority donors (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1). HIV residual risk was 5.4 (95% CI, 1.2-12.5) infections per million whole blood donations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the declining HIV epidemic in China, estimated residual risks for transfusion-transmitted HIV infection are still high.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fuzhu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Guoxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Julin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yunlai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Xiuqiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Qilu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000635:transmission; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors