title: Detection of rhabdovirus viral RNA in oropharyngeal swabs and ectoparasites of Spanish bats.
abstract: Rhabdoviruses infect a variety of hosts, including mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, insects and plants. As bats are the natural host for most members of the genus Lyssavirus, the specificity of the amplification methods used for active surveillance is usually restricted to lyssaviruses. However, the presence of other rhabdoviruses in bats has also been reported. In order to broaden the scope of such methods, a new RT-PCR, able to detect a diverse range of rhabdoviruses, was designed. The method detected 81 of 86 different rhabdoviruses. In total, 1488 oropharyngeal bat swabs and 38 nycteribiid samples were analysed, and 17 unique rhabdovirus-related sequences were detected. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that those sequences detected in bats did not constitute a monophyletic group, even when originating from the same bat species. However, all of the sequences detected in nycteribiids and one sequence obtained from a bat did constitute a monophyletic group with Drosophila melanogaster sigma rhabdovirus.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Spain.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aznar-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vazquez-Moron
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group (OIE Reference Laboratory/WHO Collaborating Centre), Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA, Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors.forename: Denise A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Marston
authors.affiliation: Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Seville 41092, Andalusia, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juste
authors.affiliation: Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Seville 41092, Andalusia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Berciano
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, The Basque Country, Spain.
authors.forename: Egoitz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salsamendi
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, The Basque Country, Spain.
authors.forename: Joxerra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aihartza
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group (OIE Reference Laboratory/WHO Collaborating Centre), Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA, Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors.forename: Ashley C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Banyard
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group (OIE Reference Laboratory/WHO Collaborating Centre), Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA, Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.|University of Liverpool, National Consortium for Zoonosis Research, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McElhinney
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group (OIE Reference Laboratory/WHO Collaborating Centre), Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA, Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.|University of Liverpool, National Consortium for Zoonosis Research, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK.
authors.forename: Anthony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fooks
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Echevarria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000821:virology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000821:virology; D007313:Insecta / Q000821:virology; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012209:Rhabdoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral