title: Treatment of status epilepticus: an international survey of experts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As part of the development of the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) Status Epilepticus (SE) Guidelines, the NCS SE Writing Committee conducted an international survey of SE experts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey consisted of three patient vignettes (case 1, an adult; case 2, an adolescent; case 3, a child) and questions regarding treatment. The questions for each case focused on initial and sequential therapy as well as when to use continuous intravenous (cIV) therapy and for what duration. Responses were obtained from 60/120 (50%) of those surveyed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This survey reveals that there is expert consensus for using intravenous lorazepam for the emergent (first-line) therapy of SE in children and adults. For urgent (second-line) therapy, the most common agents chosen were phenytoin/fosphenytoin, valproate sodium, and levetiracetam; these choices varied by the patient age in the case scenarios. Physicians who care for adult patients chose cIV therapy for RSE, especially midazolam and propofol, rather than a standard AED sooner than those who care for children; and in children, there is a reluctance to choose propofol. Pentobarbital was chosen later in the therapy for all ages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is close agreement between the recently published NCS guideline for SE and this survey of experts in the treatment of SE.
authors.affiliation: NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA. james.riviello@nyumc.org
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Riviello
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Claassen
authors.forename: Suzette M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: LaRoche
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sperling
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alldredge
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Bleck
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Glauser
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shutter
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Treiman
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Vespa
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Gretchen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Brophy
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D032921:Consensus; D005104:Expert Testimony; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008874:Midazolam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015742:Propofol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; C043114:fosphenytoin; D010424:Pentobarbital; D008140:Lorazepam; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol; D010889:Piracetam