title: Circulating Biomphalaria glabrata hemocyte subpopulations possess shared schistosome glycans and receptors capable of binding larval glycoconjugates.
abstract: Host lectin-like recognition molecules may play an important role in innate resistance in Biomphalaria glabrata snails to larval schistosome infection, thus implicating parasite-expressed glycans as putative ligands for these lectin receptors. While host lectins may utilize specific glycan structures for parasite recognition, it also has been hypothesized that the parasite may use this system to evade immune detection by mimicking naturally-expressed host glycans, resulting in reduced immunorecognition capacity. By employing immunocytochemical (ICC) and Western blot assays using schistosome glycan-specific monoclonal antibodies (mABs) we sought to identify specific glycan epitopes (glycotopes) shared in common between larval Schistosoma mansoni and B. glabrata hemocytes, the primary immune effector cells in snails. Results confirmed the presence of selected larval glycotopes on subpopulations of hemocytes by ICC and association with numerous hemocyte proteins by Western blot analyses, including a trimannosyl core N-glycan (TriMan), and two fucosylated lacdiNAc (LDN) variants, F-LDN and F-LDN-F. Snail strain differences were seen in the prevalence of constitutively expressed F-LDN on hemocytes, and in the patterns of protein immunoreactivity with these mABs. In contrast, there was little to no hemocyte reactivity with mABs for Lewis X (LeX), LDN, LDN-F or LDN-DF. When intact hemocytes were exposed to larval transformation products (LTPs), distinct cell subpopulations displayed weak (LeX, LDN-DF) to moderate (LDN, LDN-F) glycotope reactivity by ICC, including snail strain differences in the prevalence of LDN-reactive cellular subsets. Far-Western blot analyses of the hemocytes following exposure to larval transformation proteins (LTPs) also revealed multiple mAB-reactive hemocyte protein bands for LeX, LDN, LDN-F, and LDN-DF. These results demonstrate the existence of complex patterns of shared larval glycan constitutively expressed on hemocytes and their proteins, as well as the ability of hemocytes to acquire shared glycans by the selective binding of parasite-released LTP. Unraveling the functional significance of these naturally expressed and acquired shared glycans on specific hemocyte populations represents an important challenge for future investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI 53706, USA. yoshinot@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Cornelis H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hokke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D000939:Epitopes / Q000032:analysis; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000378:metabolism*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007814:Larva / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000378:metabolism*; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000939:Epitopes; D006001:Glycoconjugates; D011134:Polysaccharides; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition