title: Acute cardiovascular effects of firefighting and active cooling during rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cardiovascular and hemostatic effects of fire suppression and postexposure active cooling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four firefighters were evaluated before and after a 12-minute live-fire drill. Next, 50 firefighters performing the same drill were randomized to undergo postfire forearm immersion in 10 °C water or standard rehabilitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first study, heart rate and core body temperature increased and serum C-reactive protein decreased but there were no significant changes in fibrinogen, sE-selectin, or sL-selectin. The second study demonstrated an increase in blood coagulability, leukocyte count, factors VIII and X, cortisol, and glucose, and a decrease in plasminogen and sP-selectin. Active cooling reduced mean core temperature, heart rate, and leukocyte count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Live-fire exposure increased core temperature, heart rate, coagulability, and leukocyte count; all except coagulability were reduced by active cooling.
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz 85724, USA. jburgess@email.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Jefferey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Chengcheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Sally R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Littau
authors.forename: Delayne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caseman
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurzius-Spencer
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davis-Gorman
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: McDonagh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001831:Body Temperature; D017679:Cryotherapy; D005260:Female; D005390:Fires; D005542:Forearm; D006339:Heart Rate; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007101:Immersion; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D012046:Rehabilitation; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013916:Thrombelastography; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D019007:P-Selectin; D006854:Hydrocortisone