title: Speech characteristics of 8-year-old children: findings from a prospective population study.
abstract: Speech disorder that continues into middle childhood is rarely studied compared with speech disorder in the early years. Speech production in single words, connected speech and nonword repetition was assessed for 7390 eight-year-old children within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The majority (n=6399) had typical speech and 50 of these children served as controls. The remainder were categorised as using common clinical distortions only (CCD, n=582) or speech difficulties (SDiff, n=409). The samples from the CCD children were not analysed further. Speech samples from the SDiff and the control children were transcribed and analysed in terms of percentage consonants correct, error type and syllable structure. Findings were compared with those from children in the Shriberg et al. (1997) lifespan database (n=25). The 8-year-old children from ALSPAC in the SDiff and control groups achieved similar speech accuracy scores to the 8-year-old children in the lifespan database. The SDiff group had consistently lower scores than the ALSPAC control group, with the following measures most clearly differentiating the groups: single word task (percentage of substitutions and distortions), connected speech task (percentage of vowels correct (PVC), percentage of omission of singletons and entire clusters, and stress pattern matches), nonword repetition task (PVC, percentage of entire clusters omitted, percentage of distortions, and percentage of stress pattern matches). Connected speech and nonword samples provide useful supplementary data for identifying older children with atypical speech.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The reader will recognize the methods used to identify speech characteristics in a large scale population study. They will describe how measures of speech accuracy in connected speech compare with the Shriberg et al. (1997) lifespan database. The reader will also recall information on how typically and atypically developing children differ on a range of measures across different types of speech sample.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Speech and Language Therapy Research Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Frenchay Hospital, and Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of the West of England, Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Fishponds, Bristol BS16 1DD, UK. Yvonne.wren@speech-therapy.org.uk
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wren
authors.forename: Sharynne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roulstone
mesh_terms: D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D013060:Speech; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000523:psychology*