title: Basic study of a mixture of N-butyl cyanoacrylate, ethanol, and lipiodol as a new embolic material.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the configuration change of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) polymerization with increasing proportion of ethanol, the properties of a mixture of NBCA with lipiodol plus ethanol (NLE), and the feasibility of use of NLE for aneurysm packing in a swine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The polymerization configuration of NLE was explored using ratios of 1-4 parts NBCA and 1-3 parts ethanol per 1 part of lipiodol; a 1:1 ratio of NBCA to lipiodol (NLE110) was used as a control. The distance that NLE migrated into saline flowing in a tube was measured. A carotid artery aneurysm was created in each of 18 swine. Aneurysmal packing with three configurations--NLE110, NLE at a ratio of 1:1:2 (NLE112), and NLE at a ratio of 1:1:3 (NLE113)--was attempted in six swine for each configuration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of NBCA composition, medium-sized droplets, a single large droplet, and a noodle-shaped extrusion were observed in NLE with lipiodol versus ethanol ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. NLE110 migrated as viscous fluid to 190 cm from the injection site, whereas NLE112 migrated for 81 cm ± 11 and NLE113 migrated for 74 cm ± 9. Instant outflow of NLE110 from the six aneurysms caused occlusion of the parent artery, with adhesion to the microcatheter. Packing was achieved with minimal adhesion for all six of the aneurysms packed with NLE112 or with NLE113.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With high ratios of ethanol, the NLE polymerization configuration acquired solid-like properties with potent occlusive ability and negligible adhesion to the microcatheter, suggesting its feasibility for packing of aneurysms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayamashi, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Morio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minamiguchi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanda
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sonomura
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D008422:Materials Testing; D010316:Particle Size; D058105:Polymerization; D011859:Radiography; D012212:Rheology; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D004998:Ethiodized Oil; D004659:Enbucrilate