title: Metabonomics approach to assessing the modulatory effects of St John's wort, ginsenosides, and clomipramine in experimental depression.
abstract: The protective effects of St John's Wort extract (SJ), ginsenosides (GS), and clomipramine (CPM) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in rats were investigated by using a combination of behavioral assessments and metabonomics. Metabonomic analyses were performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in conjunction with multivariate and univariate statistical analyses. During and at the end point of the chronic stress experiment, food consumption, body weight, adrenal gland, thymus and spleen indices, behavior scores, sucrose consumption, and stress hormone levels were measured. Changes in these parameters reflected characteristic phenotypes of depression in rats. Metabonomic analysis of serum, urine, and brain tissue revealed that CPM and SJ mainly attenuated the alteration of monoamine neurotransmitter metabolites, while GS affected both excitatory/inhibitory amino acids and monoamine neurotransmitter metabolites. GS also attenuated the stress-induced alterations in cerebrum and peripheral metabolites to a greater extent than CPM and SJ. These results provide important mechanistic insights into the protective effects of GS against CUMS-induced depression and metabolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chuiyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Jingchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tianlu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhiying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Xie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yunping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Mingmei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000502:physiology; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020902:Hypericum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013154:Spleen / Q000502:physiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D036145:Ginsenosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013395:Sucrose; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D002997:Clomipramine