title: Intrablastocyst injection with human CD34+/CD133+ cells increase survival of immunocompetent fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase knockout mice.
abstract: Mice harbouring a humanized liver represent a powerful tool for translating preclinical studies of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics into humans, as well as the exploitation of basic studies on liver pathophysiology including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Human adult stem cells injected into immunocompetent mice at preimmune stages of development, generate chimeric animals harbouring a liver with relatively discrete foci of human hepatocyte-like cells. In this study, we have evaluated whether similar protocol of xenotransplantation in the presence of selective pressure might lead to a higher human-into-mouse liver repopulation, leading to a relevant improvement of liver function. Human CD34(+)/CD133(+) cells were microinjected into blastocysts from genetically-modified mice committed to develop a lethal hepatopathy, due to the absence of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). Following xenotransplantation, mouse survival was followed over time and histochemical evidence of liver chimerism was assessed. The survival expectancy of seven out of 21 intrablastocyst xenotransplanted FAH knockout (Fah-/-) mice was significantly higher as compared with non-xenotransplanted mice. Several nodules of human hepatocyte-like cells were revealed by immunohistochemistry in the liver of rescued mice. Our data positively support the hypothesis that preimmune xenotransplantation of human stem cells into immunocompetent mice harbouring a lethal hepatic disease might lead to a functionally relevant human-mouse liver chimerism and marks a significant advancement towards the establishment of a novel translational preclinical model for liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Oncology, Biogem IRGS, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino,  Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Turrini
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripodi
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciliberto
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Padron
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aurisicchio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D007121:Immunocompetence; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006867:Hydrolases; C020156:fumarylacetoacetase