title: Primary stability/mobility of 1-stage and 2-stage dental implants:  a comparative in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the primary stability of 1-stage (nonsubmerged) and 2-stage (submerged) implants via newest wireless resonance frequency (RF) analyzer and newer wireless mobility measuring (MM) device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six 1-stage dental implants with internal hex connection and six 2-stage dental implants, 4.1 mm in diameter and 11.5 mm in length, were inserted bilaterally into the first premolar, second premolar, and first molar regions of 6 standard mandibular transparent self-curing acrylic resin models. After that, the periimplant circular bone defects were created in millimeter increments ranging between 0 and 5 mm to the same extent on all implants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implant stability quotient values significantly decreased at 1-stage and 2-stage implants when periimplant defects increased. Similar implant stability quotient values were found for both implant types; however, significantly lower MM values were noted for 2-stage implants. Irrespective of implant systems, the results indicated a significant association between wireless RF analyzer and wireless MM device.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both wireless RF analyzer and wireless MM device were adequate in assessing implant stability. There was no difference between 2-stage and 1-stage implant systems, except lower MM values were noted for nonsubmerged implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülsah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gülay
authors.forename: Neset Volkan
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Asar
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tulunoglu
authors.forename: Ilser
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Turkyilmaz
authors.forename: Hom-Lay
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tolga F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Tözüm
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008422:Materials Testing; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010474:Percussion / Q000295:instrumentation; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants