title: The road to an academic medicine career: a national cohort study of male and female U.S. medical graduates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between gender and full-time faculty appointment in a national cohort of contemporary U.S. medical school graduates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analyzed deidentified, individual records for the 1998-2004 national cohort of U.S. medical graduates using multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of full-time faculty appointment through July 2009. They reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) significant at P < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 66,889 graduates, 12,038 (18.0%) had held full-time faculty appointments. Among all graduates, women (aOR = 1.21) were more likely than men to have held faculty appointments. Among only male graduates, those who participated in research during college (aOR = 1.08), who entered medical school with greater planned career involvement in research (aOR = 1.08), and who authored/coauthored a research paper during medical school (aOR = 1.12) were more likely, and those with higher debt were less likely (aOR = 0.96), to have held faculty appointments. Among only faculty appointees, higher proportions of men than women had participated in medical school research electives (63.5% [3,899/6,138] versus 54.2% [3,197/5,900]; P < .001) and authored/coauthored research papers during medical school (44.1% [2,707/6,138] versus 33.6% [1,981/5,900]; P < .001); female faculty had reported higher debt at medical school graduation than had male faculty (P = .014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this national cohort of U.S. medical graduates, women were more likely than men to have held full-time faculty appointments. However, male and female faculty appointees entered academic medicine with different research experiences and debt, possibly impacting their academic medicine career trajectories.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. andrioled@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Dorothy A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Andriole
authors.forename: Donna B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Jeffe
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002321:Career Choice; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008511:Medicine; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011643:Publishing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012108:Research Personnel; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States