title: Association of depression and its relation with complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of major depressive disorders is higher among persons with diabetes compared to the general population. These associations may be related to the increased risk of depressive symptoms in individuals with diabetes, increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in individuals with depressive symptoms, or both.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the association of depression with diabetes and its complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in eastern UP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty cases and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls were assessed for depression, diabetes complications, and a demography profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression was found in 26 (43.34%) cases, while it was present in only eight (13.33%) controls (P = 0.002). Depression correlated with the level of hyperglycemia at presentation, as measured by fasting and postprandial blood glucose (FBG and PPBG) values. The presence of diabetic nephropathy was significantly associated with depression, while the prevalence of other complications of diabetes (retinopathy and dyslipidemia), although higher among those with depression, was not statistically significant. The level of HbA1c was 8.56 ± 1.66 in the depressed versus 8.04 ± 1.88 in the non-depressed diabetics (P = 0.26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of depression with diabetes and its complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics was highlighted in our subpopulation and emphasized the need for integrated health services. The prevalence of depression was higher among them compared to controls. The chances of becoming depressed increased as the diabetes complications worsened.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, MLN Medical College, Allahabad, U.P., India.
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bajaj
authors.forename: Shalabh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Vineet K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Depression; diabetes complications; type 2 diabetes