title: Conditional survival probabilities for patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate conditional survival probabilities for patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with resected PC from 1998 to 2008 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database. Data on patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were extracted. Overall survival (OS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariable analysis at different time points from survival was performed to determine independent prognostic factors associated with all-cause mortality hazard ratios using Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 4883 patients with resected PC were identified. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival estimates for patients at diagnosis were 67%, 29%, and 21%, respectively. The probability of surviving an additional 1-, 3-, or 5-year conditional upon already surviving 5 years after diagnosis were 89%, 76%, and 71%, respectively. Prognostic factors significantly correlated with improved OS at the time of diagnosis on multivariable analysis include: earlier stage, younger age, later year of diagnosis, white ethnicity, female sex, and residence in a high income district (P<0.05). Among those already surviving 3 years after diagnosis, younger age was the only prognostic factor statistically significantly correlated with improved OS (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conditional survival estimates provide additional prognostic information that may be used to counsel PC patients on how their prognosis may change over time. Further research using prospectively collected data is warranted to help determine recommended follow-up intervals and benchmarks for future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Radiation Oncology, Jefferson Medical College †Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Mark V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Colin E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Champ
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: Timothy N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Showalter
authors.forename: Pramila R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Anne
authors.forename: Yaacov Richard
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Voichita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bar-Ad
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D018426:SEER Program