title: Leaching potential of phenylurea herbicides in a calcareous soil: comparison of column elution and batch studies.
abstract: The transfer of eleven phenylurea herbicides through soil columns was investigated in laboratory conditions in order to determine leaching properties in a calcareous soil. Elution curves with distilled water were plotted after herbicide application on the soil column. Phenylurea retention by the soil indicating interactions with soil can be classified as follows: fenuron < fluometron ≤ isoproturon = monuron < metoxuron < monolinuron < metobromuron < chlorotoluron < linuron = diuron < chlorbromuron. The number and nature of halogen atoms on the phenyl ring had an important influence on leaching. Retention was higher for molecules with higher number of halogen, and it was also higher for bromine than chlorine. Column elution experiments were compared to batch experiments from which the distribution coefficients K d were determined. According to Kendall correlation coefficients, parameter m/m 0 max from column experiments was relatively well linked to K d. In case of phenylurea, a linear relationship between K d and m/m 0 max was established.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR, UMR CNRS 7312), Groupe Chimie de Coordination, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langeron
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sayen
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Couderchet
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guillon
mesh_terms: D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002119:Calcium Carbonate