title: Immunomodulating activity of Nymphaea rubra Roxb. extracts: activation of rat dendritic cells and improvement of the T(H)1 immune response.
abstract: Polysaccharides play a key role in enhancing immune function and facilitating cellular communication. Here, we purified Nymphaea rubra Roxb. polysaccharides (NR-PS) by treating them with pullulanase. They were then cultured with immature dendritic cells (DCs) derived from rat bone marrow hematopoietic cells (BMHCs). After treatment with bioactive NR-PS with a degree of polymerization (DP) value of 359.8, we found that the DCs underwent morphological changes indicative of activation. CD80/86 (87.16% ± 8.49%) and MHC class II (52.01% ± 10.11%) expression levels were significantly up-regulated by this treatment compared to the controls (65.45% ± 0.97% and 34.87% ± 1.96%). In parallel, endocytosis was also reduced (167.94% ± 60.59%) after treatment with 25 μg/mL of NR-PS as measured by the medium fluorescence intensity compared to the control (261.67% ± 47.26%). Furthermore, the DCs after treatment with 25 μg/mL NR-PS showed increased IL-12 (102.09 ± 10.16 to 258.78 ± 25.26 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (11.76 ± 0.11 to 15.51 ± 1.66 pg/mL) secretion together with reduced IL-10 secretion (30.75 ± 3.35 to 15.37 ± 2.35 pg/mL), which indicates a T(H)1 immune response. In conclusion, NR-PS exhibits stimulatory effects on rat DCs and promotes the secretion of T(H)1 cytokines. Taken together, our studies are the first to show that NR-PS is an immunomodulator affecting the maturation and functioning of DCs.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Nursing, Shu Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jai-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shau-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Meng-Shiou
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shyang-Chwen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sheu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D030721:Nymphaea / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Nymphaea rubra Roxb.; TH1 immune response; dendritic cells; functional foods; polysaccharides; pullulanase