title: Fistula from right internal mammary artery to superior vena cava after use of a laser sheath to extract a pacemaker lead.
abstract: A 55-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion due to a right internal mammary artery-to-superior vena cava arteriovenous fistula that occurred after pacemaker lead extraction with a laser sheath. The fistula was successfully repaired by placing a covered stent in the right internal mammary artery. In this unusual location, endovascular stenting is a reasonable alternative to coil embolization or surgical repair of an arteriovenous fistula resulting from laser lead extraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Federico E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Azpurua
authors.forename: Kathryn G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massumi
authors.forename: Neil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Strickman
mesh_terms: D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D057785:Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054018:Lasers, Excimer / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011859:Radiography; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Arteriovenous fistula/etiology/therapy; blood vessel prosthesis/implantation; defibrillators, implantable; device removal/adverse effects/methods; electrodes, implanted; iatrogenic disease; laser therapy; lasers, excimer/adverse effects; mammary artery, right internal; pacemaker, artificial; stent-graft; vena cava, superior