title: Biologic response to carbonated hydroxyapatite associated with orthopedic device: experimental study in a rabbit model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) and related calcium phosphates have been studied for many years as implant materials due to their similarity with the mineral phase of bone. The main limitation of CHA ceramics as well as other bioactive materials is that they have poor mechanical proprieties. It is thought that the mechanical device can cause an increase in metabolic activity and bone healing. In this study we investigated the reactivity and tissue behaviour of implanted CHA biomaterial reinforced by mini external fixator.
  
  
  METHODS
  The evaluation of biomaterial biocompatibility and osteogenesis was performed on a rabbit model over a period of 6 weeks by radiological, histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While rabbits treated with CHA exhibited more bone formation, and fibrous tissue was observed when empty bone defects were observed. EDX analysis detected little calcium and phosphorus on the surface of the bone that was not implanted, while high content of calcium (62.7%) and phosphorus (38%) was found on the interface bone cement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone repairing showed that the mini external fixator stimulated the ossification which was pushed when grafted by CHA. This effect may play an important role in the prevention of implant loosening.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Histology, Medicine Faculty of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia. ; Laboratory of Science of Materials and Environment, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia. ; Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia. ; University of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus of Beaulieu, 263 av. General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France. ; Laboratory of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Medicine Faculty of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jebahi
authors.forename: Mongi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saoudi
authors.forename: Riadh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Badraoui
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rebai
authors.forename: Hassane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oudadesse
authors.forename: Zoubaier
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ellouz
authors.forename: Hassib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keskese
authors.forename: Abdelfattah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Feki
authors.forename: Hafed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El Feki
keywords: Biocompatible materials; Testing bone substitute