title: Impact of anxiety parameters on prospective and experienced pain intensity in implant surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between anxiety and pain perception in the context of implant surgery and to examine the impact of factors such as gender and surgery duration on anxiety and pain levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-one patients undergoing implant surgery evaluated their anxiety and pain levels by completing a set of 2 questionnaires at different points in time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both anxiety and pain levels were highest on the day of surgery and showed a significant decrease when evaluated retrospectively (P < 0.01; P < 0.05). Correlations were found between preoperative anxiety and expected pain levels (r = 0.19), pain peak and duration of pain (r = 0.79), and a nearly significant correlation between preoperative anxiety and duration of pain (r = 0.18). Women showed significantly higher levels of preoperative anxiety (P < 0.05) and expected pain (P < 0.05) than men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm a strong negative impact of increased preoperative anxiety levels on pain perception and the recovery process. Therefore, future research should focus on individual patient's sources of dental anxiety to reduce its negative consequences.
authors.affiliation: Ambulant Anesthesiology Clinic, Landsberg am Lech, Germany. wwll@gmx.de
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weisensee
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheer
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rothamel
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kistler
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jöhren
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neugebauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult