title: DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A (rs 1800497 C>T) genotypes are associated with susceptibility to second generation antipsychotic-induced akathisia.
abstract: Although the advent of atypical, second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) has resulted in reduced likelihood of akathisia, this adverse effect remains a problem. It is known that extrapyramidal adverse effects are associated with increased drug occupancy of the dopamine 2 receptors (DRD2). The A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1, rs1800497, is associated with decreased striatal DRD2 density. The aim of this study was to identify whether the A1(T) allele of DRD2/ANKK1 was associated with akathisia (as measured by Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale) in a clinical sample of 234 patients who were treated with antipsychotic drugs. Definite akathisia (a score ≥ 2 in the global clinical assessment of akathisia) was significantly less common in subjects who were prescribed SGAs (16.8%) than those prescribed FGAs (47.6%), p < 0.0001. Overall, 24.1% of A1+ patients (A1A2/A1A1) who were treated with SGAs had akathisia, compared to 10.8% of A1- (thus, A2A2) patients. A1+ patients who were administered SGAs also had higher global clinical assessment of akathisia scores than the A1- subjects (p = 0.01). SGAs maintained their advantage over FGAs regarding akathisia, even in A1+ patients who were treated with SGAs. These results strongly suggested that A1+ variants of the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A allele do confer an associated risk for akathisia in patients who were treated with SGAs, and these variants may explain inconsistencies found across prior studies, when comparing FGAs and SGAs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia. bruce_lawford@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lawford
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Swagell
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heslop
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voisey
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nyst
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D058830:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; C581293:DRD2 protein, human; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D058830:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists; C489948:ANKK1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases