title: Activation of Bacillus spores at moderately elevated temperatures (30-33 °C).
abstract: The time/temperature profiles experienced by spores on the track from their natural sporulation environment to consumable food products may be highly diverse. Temperature has been documented as an important factor that may activate spores, i.e. potentiates spores to germinate. There is, however, limited knowledge about the relationship between the expected temperature history and the subsequent germination characteristics of bacterial spores. We show here that the germination rate of five different Bacillus spore populations, represented by strains of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus weihenstephanensis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis could be increased following 1 week storage at moderately elevated temperatures, 30-33 °C, compared to spores stored at 3-8 °C. The results imply that spores contamination routes to foods, specifically the temperature history, could be highly relevant data in predictive modeling of food spoilage and safety. Activation at these moderately elevated temperatures may be a native form of spore activation in their natural habitats, knowledge that also could be useful in development of decontamination strategies for mildly heated foods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Process Technology, Nofima AS, P.O. Box 8034, 4068, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Irene Stranden
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Løvdal
authors.forename: Per Einar
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Granum
authors.forename: Jan Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rosnes
authors.forename: Trond
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Løvdal
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors