title: Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver--update 2012: a WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative in cooperation with representatives of AFSUMB, AIUM, ASUM, FLAUS and ICUS.
abstract: Initially, a set of guidelines for the use of ultrasound contrast agents was published in 2004 dealing only with liver applications. A second edition of the guidelines in 2008 reflected changes in the available contrast agents and updated the guidelines for the liver, as well as implementing some non-liver applications. Time has moved on, and the need for international guidelines on the use of CEUS in the liver has become apparent. The present document describes the third iteration of recommendations for the hepatic use of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using contrast specific imaging techniques. This joint WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative has implicated experts from major leading ultrasound societies worldwide. These liver CEUS guidelines are simultaneously published in the official journals of both organizing federations (i.e., Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology for WFUMB and Ultraschall in der Medizin/European Journal of Ultrasound for EFSUMB). These guidelines and recommendations provide general advice on the use of all currently clinically available ultrasound contrast agents (UCA). They are intended to create standard protocols for the use and administration of UCA in liver applications on an international basis and improve the management of patients worldwide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Radiology, INSERM U947, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy and Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Claudon
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Nolsøe
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piscaglia
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chammas
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Chaubal
authors.forename: M-H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Clevert
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Correas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fowlkes
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lassau
authors.forename: E L S
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Leen
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Mattrey
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moriyasu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solbiati
authors.forename: H-P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Weskott
authors.forename: H-X
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology; D000075202:Contraindications; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007501:Iron / Q000009:adverse effects; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000473:pathology; D010087:Oxides / Q000009:adverse effects; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000009:adverse effects; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010087:Oxides; D010743:Phospholipids; C069727:Sonazoid; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D007501:Iron; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; C042852:perflutren