title: Auricular acupressure for pain relief in adolescents with dysmenorrhea: a placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary dysmenorrhea is a common problem among menstruating adolescents and young women. It may cause physical distress and result in school absenteeism and reduced physical activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of auricular acupressure on menstrual pain and distress in adolescents with dysmenorrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-blind, placebo-controlled design was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were obtained from one senior high school in northern Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirteen (113) adolescent participants with primary dysmenorrhea were recruited and assigned to the experimental or control group by a coin toss.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental group received auricular acupressure applied to six true acupoints (shenmen, Kidney, Liver, Internal Genitals, Central Rim, and Endocrine). The control group received six sham acupoints without effects on dysmenorrhea. All participants were instructed to press each acupoint for 1 minute, 4 times a day for 2 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcomes were assessed by rating dysmenorrhea severity on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and using the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between-group differences were found in VAS and MDQ after the interventions. Within-group differences were found in the score changes of VAS, MDQ, and SF-MPQ during the interventions for both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Auricular acupressure relieves menstrual pain and distress in high-school adolescents. The findings may serve as a basis for using auricular acupressure to treat dysmenorrhea in adolescents. There was pain reduction with sham as well as with true acupoint acupressure, but the latter was significantly greater. The sham acupoint may not be used as a control for auricular acupoint and qualitative evaluation of dysmenorrhea should be added to the evaluation by SF-MPQ in future studies.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Yu-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Hsing-Hsia
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D019050:Acupressure / Q000379:methods*; D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000293:Adolescent; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000628:therapy*; D004423:Ear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires