title: Evaluation of limited sampling models for prediction of oral midazolam AUC for CYP3A phenotyping and drug interaction studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) after oral midazolam administration is commonly used for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A phenotyping studies. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate a limited sampling strategy for the prediction of AUC with oral midazolam.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 288 concentration-time profiles from 123 healthy volunteers who participated in four previously performed drug interaction studies with intense sampling after a single oral dose of 7.5 mg midazolam were available for evaluation. Of these, 45 profiles served for model building, which was performed by stepwise multiple linear regression, and the remaining 243 datasets served for validation. Mean prediction error (MPE), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) were calculated to determine bias and precision
  
  
  RESULTS
  The one- to four-sampling point models with the best coefficient of correlation were the one-sampling point model (8 h; r (2) = 0.84), the two-sampling point model (0.5 and 8 h; r (2) = 0.93), the three-sampling point model (0.5, 2, and 8 h; r (2) = 0.96), and the four-sampling point model (0.5,1, 2, and 8 h; r (2) = 0.97). However, the one- and two-sampling point models were unable to predict the midazolam AUC due to unacceptable bias and precision. Only the four-sampling point model predicted the very low and very high midazolam AUC of the validation dataset with acceptable precision and bias. The four-sampling point model was also able to predict the geometric mean ratio of the treatment phase over the baseline (with 90 % confidence interval) results of three drug interaction studies in the categories of strong, moderate, and mild induction, as well as no interaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A four-sampling point limited sampling strategy to predict the oral midazolam AUC for CYP3A phenotyping is proposed. The one-, two- and three-sampling point models were not able to predict midazolam AUC accurately.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany. silke.mueller@med.uni-rostock.de
authors.forename: Silke C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drewelow
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D008874:Midazolam