title: SNObase, a database for S-nitrosation modification.
abstract: S-Nitros(yl)ation is a ubiquitous redox-based post-translational modification of protein cysteine thiols by nitric oxide or its derivatives, which transduces the bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) by regulation of protein conformation, activity, stability, localization and protein-protein interactions. These years, more and more S-nitrosated proteins were identified in physiological and pathological processes and the number is still growing. Here we developed a database named SNObase (                   http://www.nitrosation.org                                    ), which collected S-nitrosation targets extracted from literatures up to June 1st, 2012. SNObase contained 2561 instances, and provided information about S-nitrosation targets, sites, biological model, related diseases, trends of S-nitrosation level and effects of S-nitrosation on protein function. With SNObase, we did functional analysis for all the SNO targets: In the gene ontology (GO) biological process category, some processes were discovered to be related to S-nitrosation ("response to drug", "regulation of cell motion") besides the previously reported related processes. In the GO cellular component category, cytosol and mitochondrion were both enriched. From the KEGG pathway enrichment results, we found SNO targets were enriched in different diseases, which suggests possible significant roles of S-nitrosation in the progress of these diseases. This SNObase means to be a database with precise, comprehensive and easily accessible information, an environment to help researchers integrate data with comparison and relevancy analysis between different groups or works, and also an SNO knowledgebase offering feasibility for systemic and global analysis of S-nitrosation in interdisciplinary studies.
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lunfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D030562:Databases, Protein; D004194:Disease; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015538:Nitrosation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012984:Software; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D013455:Sulfur