title: In vitro and in vivo investigation of the biological and mechanical behaviour of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement containing chlorhexidine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate: (1) the in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic and mechanical properties of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) containing different concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) and (2) the in vivo microbiologic action of the best concentration of CHX associated with the RMGIC applied on remaining dentine after indirect pulp treatment (IPT).
  
  
  METHODS
  For the in vitro studies, RMGIC was associated with 0.2, 0.5, 1.25 and 2.5% CHX. Microbiologic evaluation consisted of an agar diffusion test on cariogenic bacteria for 24h. Odontoblast-like cell metabolism and morphology analyses measured the cytotoxic effects of the RMGIC groups after 24h. The same groups were submitted to compressive and diametral tensile strength. The in vivo treatment consisted of IPT using an RMGIC associated with the best CHX concentration. Clinical and microbiologic evaluations were performed before and after 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of 1.25% CHX significantly improved the antibacterial effects of the evaluated RMGIC, without causing any detrimental effects to the odontoblast-like cells and on the mechanical properties. This RMGIC and CHX combination completely eliminated mutans streptococci after 3 months of IPT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RMGIC and 1.25% CHX mixture showed great biological and mechanical behaviour and could be a good treatment against caries progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of CHX with a liner RMGIC opens a new perspective for arresting residual caries after IPT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Rogéria Freire
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: de Castilho
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.forename: Thaís de Cássia
authors.initials: Tde C
authors.lastname: Negrini
authors.forename: Nancy Tomoko
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Sacono
authors.forename: Andréia Bolzan
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Souza Costa
authors.forename: Denise Madalena Palomari
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Spolidório
authors.forename: Regina Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Puppin-Rontani
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000187:drug effects; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining / Q000379:methods; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000187:drug effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C084541:Fuji glass-ionomer lining cement; C022616:thiazolyl blue; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine