title: β-blocker use in patients after percutaneous coronary interventions: one size fits all? Worse outcomes in patients without myocardial infarction or heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of β-blocker therapy on prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been fully explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 5288 CAD patients who did not have myocardial infarction (MI) or heart failure (HF) but underwent PCI from a large multi-center registry enrolling consecutive patients undergoing first coronary revascularization from 2005 to 2007. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of cardiac death and/or MI (cardiac death/MI) at 3 years after hospital discharge for PCI. β-blockers were prescribed in 1117 patients (β group, 21.1%) at discharge, while 4171 patients did not (no-β group, 78.9%). Patients in the β group more often had hypertension, multivessel disease, use of statin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, but less often had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The 3-year incidence of cardiac death/MI was higher in the β group (4.9% vs. 3.4%, log-rank p=0.02). After adjusting for potential confounders, β-blocker therapy was associated with significantly increased risk for cardiac death/MI (hazard ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.10, p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  β-blocker therapy was associated with worse 3-year clinical outcomes in CAD patients who underwent PCI but had no history of MI or HF. Randomized trials are warranted to identify appropriate subsets of patients who could truly benefit from long-term use of β-blockers in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan. Electronic address: nei126@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Neiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozasa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Bingyuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwabuchi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shizuta
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tazaki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Natsuaki
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends*; D012042:Registries; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Prognosis; β-blocker