title: Variation patterns in individual fish responses to chemical stress among estuaries, seasons and genders: the case of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the Bay of Biscay.
abstract: The objective was to describe and model variation patterns in individual fish responses to contaminants among estuaries, season and gender. Two hundred twenty-seven adult European flounders were collected in two seasons (winter and summer) in four estuaries along the Bay of Biscay (South West France), focusing on a pristine system (the Ster), vs. three estuaries displaying contrasted levels of contaminants (the Vilaine, Loire and Gironde). Twenty-three variables were measured by fish, considering the load of contaminants (liver metals, liver and muscle persistent organic pollutants, muscle polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons); the gene expression (Cyt C oxydase, ATPase, BHMT, Cyt P450 1A1, ferritin); the blood genotoxicity (Comet test); and liver histology (foci of cellular alteration-tumour, steatosis, inflammation, abnormal glycogen storage). Canonical redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to model these variables using gender, season and estuary of origin as explanatory variables. The results underlined the homogeneity of fish responses within the pristine site (Ster) and more important seasonal variability within the three contaminated systems. The complete model RDA was significant and explained 35 % of total variance. Estuary and season respectively explained 30 and 5 % of the total independent variation components, whilst gender was not a significant factor. The first axis of the RDA explains nearly 27 % of the total variance and mostly represents a gradient of contamination. The links between the load of contaminants, the expression of several genes and the biomarkers were analysed considering different levels of chemical stress and a possible multi-stress, particularly in the Vilaine estuary.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France. jean.laroche@univ-brest.fr
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laroche
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quiniou
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devaux
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bony
authors.forename: Estérine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Evrard
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cachot
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chérel
authors.forename: Thibaut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Larcher
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riso
authors.forename: Vianney
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pichereau
authors.forename: Marie Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Devier
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Budzinski
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D061006:Bays; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D020552:Comet Assay; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D063366:Estuaries; D005260:Female; D005432:Flounder / Q000502:physiology*; D005602:France; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014876:Water Pollution
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006003:Glycogen; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases