title: Entrance surface dose of the common radiological investigations in Abuth, Zaria.
abstract: The entrance surface Dose (ESD) was determined among patients who presented for routine radiological examinations using thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips placed on averagely built adult [(30 cm) chest width, 60-90kg weight and 20-40years)] by multiplying the incident dose/entrances dose by the back scattered factor [BSF] gotten from an experiment. The values obtained from ESD measurements are as follows 8.03 mGy for Abdomen, 0.13 mGy for chest AP, 0.69 mGy for chest lateral, 0.5 mGy for cervical spine; AP: 0.38 mGy for cervical spine lateral; 4.75 mGy for hip AP: 12.83 mGy for hip lateral: 5.74mGy for lumbar spine, AP lumbar spine lateral is 15.15 mGy. 1.38m Gy is for pelvis AP. 2.93mGy for skull AP/PA 1.2mGy for skull lateral, 5.46mGy for thorax AP, while the lateral is 14.90m Gy. The average dose value is 9.28mGy Range 0.13-14.90mGy (Percentage standard error; +/- 1.45). From this studies Radiation doses delivered for routine investigations are generally lower than IAEA reference doses. Using these values for optimization of radiation protection practices for patient should be ensured since it does not rule out options for stochastic radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria Kaduna State Nigeria.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nwokorie
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Akpa
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Mallam
authors.forename: Eyo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akpan
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Ibinaye
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Obiako
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nzotta
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ugwu
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009549:Nigeria; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000592:standards*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000592:standards*; D011872:Radiology Department, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000592:standards*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry; D014965:X-Rays