title: Intranasal treatment of central nervous system dysfunction in humans.
abstract: One of the most challenging problems facing modern medicine is how to deliver a given drug to a specific target at the exclusion of other regions. For example, a variety of compounds have beneficial effects within the central nervous system (CNS), but unwanted side effects in the periphery. For such compounds, traditional oral or intravenous drug delivery fails to provide benefit without cost. However, intranasal delivery is emerging as a noninvasive option for delivering drugs to the CNS with minimal peripheral exposure. Additionally, this method facilitates the delivery of large and/or charged therapeutics, which fail to effectively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Thus, for a variety of growth factors, hormones, neuropeptides and therapeutics including insulin, oxytocin, orexin, and even stem cells, intranasal delivery is emerging as an efficient method of administration, and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases with CNS involvement, such as obesity, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorders, seizures, drug addiction, eating disorders, and stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden. colin.chapman@neuro.uu.se
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.forename: Lusine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Danielyan
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallschmid
authors.forename: Helgi B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Schiöth
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benedict
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations