title: Trauma of facial skeleton in children: An indian perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both children and adults are subject to similar types of injuries but fractures of facial bones in children are relatively uncommon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of facial bone fractures among children of <12 years, their management and outcome in an Indian city.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included children of <12 years of age with facial bone fractures admitted over a span of 3 years. In order to compare our results we reviewed the existing literature related to pediatric facial bone fractures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 45 children were admitted for facial bone fractures. Forty (89%) of them were above 5 years of age and male to female ratio was 2:1. About 53.33% of these injuries were because of fall from height. Mandible fracture was the most common facial bone fracture among admitted patients. Symphysis and para-symphysis was the commonest site of mandibular fractures, seen in 49% cases. Majority of these fractures were managed by Inter-maxillary fixation and inter-osseous wiring. Mini-plates were used for widely displaced compound fractures. For un-displaced fractures observation alone was sufficient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mandible is the commonest facial bone fracture in children, more often caused by accidental fall from height. The high osteogenic potential of pediatric mandible allows non-surgical management to be successful in an increased proportion of younger patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, MGM's Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Tanweer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: Arshad Hafeez
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Syed Saeed
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ahmed
keywords: Fracture fixation methods; Inter-maxillary fixation; Pediatric facial trauma