title: Levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in butter samples collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of 9 organochlorine compounds (aldrin, hexachlorobenzene, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, and α-, β-, and γ-HCH) in butter samples collected in the Eastern, Middle and Western Black Sea Regions of Turkey between October 2009 and June 2010. The liquid-liquid extraction method was used to extract the organochlorine compounds from the samples and the measurements were performed by using a gas chromatograph-electron capture detector system. DDT metabolites, aldrin, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and α-, and γ-HCH were not detected in the samples but β-HCH was detected in 3 of a total of 88 samples. In the first period, only one sample from the West Black Sea Region was β-HCH positive (0.014 mg kg(-1)). The other β-HCH positive samples collected in Middle and West Black Sea Regions in the second period had a concentration of 0.066 and 0.019 mg kg(-1), respectively. All concentrations of the detected compounds exceeded the legal limits of 0.003 mg kg(-1) for β-HCH, as prescribed by the Turkish Food Codex, and therefore pose a potential health risk for consumers. The contamination detected is most likely due to the past usage of β-HCH in agriculture and its long term persistence in the environment. These results strongly suggest that further research should be focused on the detection of pesticide residues in agricultural areas across the nation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. aaksoy@omu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dervisoglu
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guvenc
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.forename: Fehmi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Enes
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atmaca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002079:Butter / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D002079:Butter