title: Interventional pain management  in the palliative care patient.
abstract: For the majority of patients, cancer pain can be treated using the World Health Organization cancer pain guidelines; however, for 10-20% of patients with advanced cancer, adequate pain control cannot be achieved using these methods owing to disease pathophysiology preventing administration/absorption of pain medications or intolerance due to opioid toxicities. The need to expand analgesic treatment when oral, transdermal, and intravenous therapies fail requires exploration of interventional pain management techniques such as neuraxial (e.g. epidural and intrathecal) infusion therapies and neurolytic interventions. Nurses caring for patients with cancer pain should develop their knowledge of these multimodal approaches to cancer pain management.
authors.affiliation: Palliative Care Service, Montefiore Medical Center. mm234@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Marlene E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miller-Saultz
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wuhrman
authors.forename: Boleslav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kosharskyy
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010166:Palliative Care; D006113:United Kingdom; D014944:World Health Organization