title: Head lice surveillance on a deregulated OTC-sales market: a study using web query data.
abstract: The head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, is an obligate ectoparasite that causes infestations of humans. Studies have demonstrated a correlation between sales figures for over-the-counter (OTC) treatment products and the number of humans with head lice. The deregulation of the Swedish pharmacy market on July 1, 2009, decreased the possibility to obtain complete sale figures and thereby the possibility to obtain yearly trends of head lice infestations. In the presented study we wanted to investigate whether web queries on head lice can be used as substitute for OTC sales figures. Via Google Insights for Search and Vårdguiden medical web site, the number of queries on "huvudlöss" (head lice) and "hårlöss" (lice in hair) were obtained. The analysis showed that both the Vårdguiden series and the Google series were statistically significant (p<0.001) when added separately, but if the Google series were already included in the model, the Vårdguiden series were not statistically significant (p = 0.5689). In conclusion, web queries can detect if there is an increase or decrease of head lice infested humans in Sweden over a period of years, and be as reliable a proxy as the OTC-sales figures.
authors.affiliation: Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden. johan.lindh@smi.se
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindh
authors.forename: Måns
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grünewald
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hulth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003132:Commerce / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control / Q000191:economics; D007306:Insecticides; D020407:Internet; D010373:Lice Infestations / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D008389:Marketing of Health Services / Q000191:economics; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000191:economics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010374:Pediculus / Q000187:drug effects*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D057386:Search Engine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs