title: Immunosuppression in HCV-positive liver-transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review is to evaluate the historical and recent literature as it pertains to current immunosuppression regimens in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive (+) liver-transplant recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent findings suggest that there are unique differences between HCV transplant recipients and non-HCV transplant recipients, not only in the graft's inflammatory response, but also to the treatments used to prevent and combat rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCV (+) transplant recipients present unique challenges. Over the years, there has been progress but there is clearly no consensus regarding the optimal immunosuppressive medications or drug regimens; however, there continues to be advancements in the management of patients with HCV. Though current studies do not provide clear evidence as to optimal immunosuppression, they do identify questions ideally addressed by large, randomized controlled trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron James
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lake
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077552:Basiliximab; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077561:Daclizumab; D000068338:Everolimus; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D016572:Cyclosporine; D000077552:Basiliximab; D000068338:Everolimus; D000077561:Daclizumab; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus