title: Burns: an update on current pharmacotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The worldwide occurrence of burn injuries remains high despite efforts to reduce injury incidence through public awareness campaigns and improvements in living conditions. In 2004, almost 11 million people experienced burns severe enough to warrant medical treatment. Advances over the past several decades in aggressive resuscitation, nutrition, excision and grafting have reduced morbidity and mortality. Incorporation of pharmacotherapeutics into treatment regimens may further reduce complications of severe burn injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Severe burn injuries, as well as other forms of stress and trauma, trigger a hypermetabolic response that, if left untreated, impedes recovery. In the past two decades, use of anabolic agents, β-adrenergic receptor antagonists and anti-hyperglycemic agents has successfully counteracted post-burn morbidities including catabolism, the catecholamine-mediated response and insulin resistance. Here, the authors review the most up-to-date information on currently used pharmacotherapies in the treatment of these sequelae of severe burns and the insights that have expanded the understanding of the pathophysiology of severe burns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Existing drugs offer promising advances in the care of burn injuries. Continued gains in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the hypermetabolic response will enable the application of additional existing drugs to be broadened to further attenuate the hypermetabolic response.
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
authors.forename: Yesenia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: Celeste C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Finnerty
authors.forename: Ravi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Herndon
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010074:Oxandrolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011433:Propranolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013739:Testosterone; D010074:Oxandrolone; D013006:Growth Hormone; D011433:Propranolol; D007654:Ketoconazole