title: Early change in ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging signal suggests unstable human cerebral aneurysm: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical significance of early (ie, within the first 24 hours) uptake of ferumoxytol by macrophages in the wall of human cerebral aneurysms is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether early uptake of ferumoxytol suggests unstable cerebral aneurysm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty unruptured aneurysms in 22 patients were imaged with magnetic resonance imaging 24 hours after infusion of ferumoxytol. Eighteen aneurysms were also imaged 72 hours after infusion of ferumoxytol. Aneurysm dome tissue was collected from 4 patients with early magnetic resonance imaging signal changes, 5 patients with late signal changes, and 5 other patients with ruptured aneurysms. The tissue was immunostained for expression of cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1, and macrophages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 23% (7/30) of aneurysms, there was pronounced early uptake of ferumoxytol. Four aneurysms were clipped. The remaining 3 aneurysms were managed conservatively; all 3 ruptured within 6 months. In 53% (16 of 30) of aneurysms, there was pronounced uptake of ferumoxytol at 72 hours. Eight aneurysms were surgically clipped, and 8 were managed conservatively; none ruptured or increased in size after 6 months. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1, and macrophages was similar in unruptured aneurysms with early uptake of ferumoxytol and ruptured aneurysms. Expression of these inflammatory molecules was significantly higher in aneurysms with early uptake of ferumoxytol versus aneurysms with late uptake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uptake of ferumoxytol in aneurysm walls within the first 24 hours strongly suggests aneurysm instability and probability of rupture within 6 months, and may warrant urgent intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, JCP 1616, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. david-hasan@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Nohra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chalouhi
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.forename: Aaron S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Vincent A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Magnotta
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: H Richard
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Winn
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heistad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006397:Hematinics; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases
chemical_list: D006397:Hematinics; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide