title: Pathway Distiller - multisource biological pathway consolidation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One method to understand and evaluate an experiment that produces a large set of genes, such as a gene expression microarray analysis, is to identify overrepresentation or enrichment for biological pathways. Because pathways are able to functionally describe the set of genes, much effort has been made to collect curated biological pathways into publicly accessible databases. When combining disparate databases, highly related or redundant pathways exist, making their consolidation into pathway concepts essential. This will facilitate unbiased, comprehensive yet streamlined analysis of experiments that result in large gene sets.
  
  
  METHODS
  After gene set enrichment finds representative pathways for large gene sets, pathways are consolidated into representative pathway concepts. Three complementary, but different methods of pathway consolidation are explored. Enrichment Consolidation combines the set of the pathways enriched for the signature gene list through iterative combining of enriched pathways with other pathways with similar signature gene sets; Weighted Consolidation utilizes a Protein-Protein Interaction network based gene-weighting approach that finds clusters of both enriched and non-enriched pathways limited to the experiments' resultant gene list; and finally the de novo Consolidation method uses several measurements of pathway similarity, that finds static pathway clusters independent of any given experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate that the three consolidation methods provide unified yet different functional insights of a resultant gene set derived from a genome-wide profiling experiment. Results from the methods are presented, demonstrating their applications in biological studies and comparing with a pathway web-based framework that also combines several pathway databases. Additionally a web-based consolidation framework that encompasses all three methods discussed in this paper, Pathway Distiller (http://cbbiweb.uthscsa.edu/PathwayDistiller), is established to allow researchers access to the methods and example microarray data described in this manuscript, and the ability to analyze their own gene list by using our unique consolidation methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By combining several pathway systems, implementing different, but complementary pathway consolidation methods, and providing a user-friendly web-accessible tool, we have enabled users the ability to extract functional explanations of their genome wide experiments.
authors.affiliation: Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Doderer
authors.forename: Zachry
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Anguiano
authors.forename: Uthra
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dashnamoorthy
authors.forename: Alexander J R
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Yidong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface