title: The virucidal effect against murine norovirus and feline calicivirus as surrogates for human norovirus by ethanol-based sanitizers.
abstract: This study examined the virucidal effects of five types of alcohol-based sanitizers including malic acid and sodium malate, or monoethanolamin, in 58 vol % ethanol (pH 4.0, pH 7.1, pH 11.8), 65 vol % ethanol (pH 4.2), and 75 vol % ethanol (pH 4.4) against murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV). The virus titer of MNV was reduced in an ethanol dose-dependent manner under the same pH (about 4.0) condition. Virucidal effect against MNV was correlated with pH when the concentration of ethanol was constant (58 vol %). All the ethanol-based sanitizers provided sufficient virucidal effects against FCV. In conclusion, the virucidal effect of the ethanol-based sanitizer at low concentration of ethanol against norovirus (NoV) is increased when the pH is adjusted to a neutral state.
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu-Onda
authors.forename: Tempei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akasaka
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yagyu
authors.forename: Shihoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komine-Aizawa
authors.forename: Yukinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tohya
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushijima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051379:Mice; D029322:Norovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods; D014776:Virus Cultivation
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000431:Ethanol