title: Impact of clinical pharmacist interventions on the cost of drug therapy in intensive care units of a tertiary care teaching hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze clinical pharmacist interventions in the intensive care units (ICUs) setting of a tertiary care Indian hospital and to assess the pharmacoeconomic impact on drug-related problems (DRPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A postgraduate clinical pharmacist reviewed drug prescriptions over a period of 7 months. Whenever a DRP is identified, it was discussed with a physician and appropriate suggestions were provided, later it was documented on a preprepared form. Clinical significance of each intervention was graded based on the predicted clinical outcome. Acceptance of the interventions is entirely at the discretion of the medical staff. Each intervention was analyzed with respect to potential cost saving and/or additional cost incurred to existing drug therapy. An independent clinical panel was convened, and all the interventions made by the intervening pharmacist were critically reviewed for potential cost savings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervening pharmacist made 117 recommendations, of which 94% was accepted by the medical professionals. The most frequent DRP identified was overdose (24%). The total net cost savings made was Rs. 77260.13 (USD 1796.73). This corresponds with Rs. 965.75 per patient and an annualized savings of Rs. 135205.22.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical pharmacist interventions had a significant impact on the cost of drug therapy and the patient outcome in intensive care settings of our hospital.
authors.affiliation: Deapartment of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysore 15, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Jisha M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lucca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.forename: Gopalakrishna M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Narahari
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minaz
keywords: Cost savings; drug-related problems; intensive care units; interventions; pharmacist