title: The accuracy of three-dimensional echocardiography with multiplanar reformatting in the assessment of the aortic valve annulus prior to percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty in congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the use of three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) with multiplanar reformatting (MPR) in children with congenital aortic stensosis undergoing percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty to assess its accuracy in measuring the aortic valve annulus and any influence it may have on balloon sizing.
  
  
  METHODS
  All percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasties performed from 01/01/2009 to 01/09/2011 were included in the study. All imaging performed for the procedure to determine the size of the aortic valve annulus and aid in balloon sizing was reviewed. The maximum diameter of the aortic valve annulus using two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), 3DE with MPR, and angiography was recorded. The balloon size used in the procedure was recorded and the balloon to annulus ratio was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 27 procedures were included in the study. Age varied from 1 day to 156 months (mean age, 53 months) and weight from 2.8-58 kg (mean weight, 18.6 kg). Fourteen patients had 3DE with MPR available for analysis. The 3DE with MPR measurement (13.36 ± 5.4 mm) was not different from angiography (13.54 ± 6.4 mm; P=.803).The 2DE measurement was significantly different from angiography (11.72 ± 5 mm; P<.005). The balloon to annulus ratio based on angiographic measurements did not differ significantly between the patients with 3DE MPR and those without (0.94 ± 0.095 vs 0.91 ± 0.1; P=.468).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3DE with MPR allows a more accurate assessment of the aortic valve annulus compared to 2DE, which may reduce the tendency to undersize balloon choice. 3DE with MPR did not significantly affect our balloon choice, which was largely based on angiographic measurements.
authors.affiliation: Congenital Cardiac Centre, Southampton University Hospital NHS trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom. david.black@suht.swest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Zaheer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Zek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: Gruschen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Veltdman
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vettukattil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000792:Angiography; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000628:therapy*; D063126:Balloon Valvuloplasty / Q000379:methods*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D057234:Preoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome