title: Hydrothermal synthesis of NaLuF4:153Sm,Yb,Tm nanoparticles and their application in dual-modality upconversion luminescence and SPECT bioimaging.
abstract: Upconversion luminescence (UCL) properties and radioactivity have been integrated into NaLuF(4):(153)Sm,Yb,Tm nanoparticles by a facile one-step hydrothermal method, making these nanoparticles potential candidates for UCL and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) dual-modal bioimaging in vivo. The introduction of small amount of radioactive (153)Sm(3+) can hardly vary the upconversion luminescence properties of the nanoparticles. The as-designed nanoparticles showed very low cytotoxicity, no obvious tissue damage in 7 days, and excellent in vitro and in vivo performances in dual-modal bioimaging. By means of a combination of UCL and SPECT imaging in vivo, the distribution of the nanoparticles in living animals has been studied, and the results indicated that these particles were mainly accumulated in the liver and spleen. Therefore, the concept of (153)Sm(3+)/Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) co-doped NaLuF(4) nanoparticles for UCL and SPECT dual-modality imaging in vivo of whole-body animals may serve as a platform for next-generation probes for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging from the cellular scale to whole-body evaluation. It also introduces an easy methodology to quantify in vivo biodistribution of nanomaterials which still needs further understanding as a community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Tianye
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yongquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yingjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fuyou
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017611:Fluorine Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D008187:Lutetium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D012493:Samarium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D013932:Thulium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*; D015018:Ytterbium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D017611:Fluorine Compounds; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012493:Samarium; D008187:Lutetium; D013932:Thulium; D012964:Sodium; D015018:Ytterbium