title: Does the geometric location of odontoblast differentiation and dentinal tubules depend on a reaction-diffusion system between BMP2 and Noggin? A mathematical model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mesenchymal differentiation to odontoblasts is a complex process that determines the formation of dentinal tubules. This process involves a carefully regulated sequence of changes in the behavior of mesenchymal cells coordinated by the expression of different molecular factors that includes mainly the Noggin and bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP2).
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated a bioregulatory mathematic model based on a set of equations of reaction-diffusion to predict the geometry of the formation of the dentinal tubules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that odontoblast location and the dentinal tubules formation are determined by the spatial distribution of a set of molecular signals that compete among themselves to maintain places of the greatest concentration of BMP2, which determines the step from mesenchymal cells to odontoblasts and the formation of the dentinal tubules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This mathematic model suggests a regulatory loop between BMP2 and Noggin, which is highly stable and repeatable and determines the right location patterns of the odontoblasts and the formation of dentinal tubules. This mathematic approach allows us to understand biological phenomena and biochemical activity during the period of pulp differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Area of Endodontics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
authors.forename: Javier L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Niño-Barrera
authors.forename: Diego A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Garzón-Alvarado
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D047168:Cystine Knot Motifs / Q000502:physiology*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004058:Diffusion; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology; D008954:Models, Biological; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C525718:BMP2 protein, human