title: Continuous exercise training and curcumin attenuate changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress induced by lead acetate in the hippocampus of male rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For many years it has been known that lead is life-threatening, not only as an air pollutant but also because of it has been associated with several conditions including neurodegenerative disease. Curcumin (the principal curcuminoid found in turmeric) has demonstrated potent antioxidant properties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated neuroprotective effects of endurance exercise and/or curcumin on lead acetate-induced neurotoxicity in the rat hippocampus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1) lead acetate, 2) curcumin, 3) training, 4) training + curcumin, and 5) control. The rats in the training groups performed treadmill running five times a week for 8 weeks (15-22 m/min, 25-64 min). All groups except control received lead acetate (20 mg/kg), whereas the control group received curcumin solution (ethyl oleate). In addition, the curcumin and training + curcumin groups received curcumin solution (30 mg/kg) intraperioneally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lead acetate resulted in a significantly increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma (72%), but not significant in hippocampus (59%). In addition, it led to significantly decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus (17%) and total antioxidant capacity (27%), as compared to control group. Treadmill running, curcumin supplementation or both resulted in a significant decrease in hippocampus MDA (17, 20, 31%, respectively) and plasma MDA (60, 22, 71%) and also, significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (76, 45, 94%) and total antioxidant capacity (47.13, 47.11, 61%) levels, as compared to lead acetate group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide a rationale for an inhibitory role of curcumin and regular exercise in the attenuation of lead-induced neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.forename: Valiollah Dabidi
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Roshan
authors.forename: Soleiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahjoub
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D020263:Lead Poisoning, Nervous System / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003474:Curcumin; C008261:lead acetate