title: Intraoperative high frequency ultrasound in intracerebral high-grade tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the utility of a new concept of intraoperative use of high frequency ultrasound (hfioUS) in maximizing the extent of resection (EOR) of intracerebral high-grade tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  22 Patients harboring an intracerebral high-grade tumor were retrospectively included in this study (14 primary tumors, 8 metastasis). 14 of them had a perilesional edema equal or greater to lesion volume, 3 had previously received radiotherapy. Following macroscopic tumor debulking, the small (11 × 31 mm) L15 - 7io (Philips, Bothell, USA) high-frequency probe (7 - 15 MHz) was introduced into the resection cavity and its walls were meticulously scanned to search for tumor remnants. Postoperative MR scan was evaluated by a board-certified independent neuroradiologist, who assessed the EOR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gross total resection was achieved in 21 patients (95.5 %). One patient had a small tumor remnant (6 × 4 × 3 mm) of a very large (80 × 60 × 74 mm) anaplastic astrocytoma, detected in the postoperative MR scan. A permanent postoperative hemiparesis was diagnosed in one patient with a metastasis in the motor area, while the other patients recovered without permanent neurological deficits from the surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hfioUS probe allowed in this study a precise detection of the tumor and a detailed discrimination between normal, pathological and edematous tissue in all 22 cases.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stauffer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Actor
authors.forename: J-K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Burkhardt
authors.forename: N H-B
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: R-L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bernays
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bozinov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009837:Oligodendroglioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult