title: Nmp4/CIZ closes the parathyroid hormone anabolic window.
abstract: Chronic degenerative diseases are increasing with the aging U.S. population. One consequence of this phenomenon is the need for long-term osteoporosis therapies. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the only FDA-approved treatment that adds bone to the aged skeleton, loses its potency within two years of initial treatment but the mechanism regulating its limited "anabolic window" is unknown. We have discovered that disabling the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcription factor nuclear matrix protein 4/cas interacting zinc finger protein (Nmp4/CIZ) in mice extends the PTH bone-forming capacity. Nmp4 was discovered during our search for nuclear matrix transcription factors that couple this hormone's impact on osteoblast cytoskeletal and nuclear organization with its anabolic capacity. CIZ was independently discovered as a protein that associates with the focal adhesion-associated mechanosensor p130Cas. The Nmp4/CIZ-knockout (KO) skeletal phenotype exhibits a modestly enhanced bone mineral density but manifests an exaggerated response to both PTH and to BMP2 and is resistant to disuse-induced bone loss. The cellular basis of the global Nmp4/CIZ-KO skeletal phenotype remains to be elucidated but may involve an expansion of the bone marrow osteoprogenitor population along with modestly enhanced osteoblast and osteoclast activities supporting anabolic bone turnover. As a shuttling Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger protein, Nmp4/CIZ acts as a repressive transcription factor perhaps associated with epigenetic remodeling complexes, but the functional significance of its interaction with p130Cas is not known. Despite numerous remaining questions, Nmp4/CIZ provides insights into how the anabolic window is regulated, and itself may provide an adjuvant therapy target for the treatment of osteoporosis by extending PTH anabolic efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. jbidwell@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bidwell
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Childress
authors.forename: Marta B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.forename: Yongzheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Fredrick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Pavalko
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kacena
authors.forename: Feng-Chun
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D050719:Crk-Associated Substrate Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D034521:Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D050719:Crk-Associated Substrate Protein; D034521:Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014157:Transcription Factors