title: Enhancement of the dissolution rate and bioavailability of fenofibrate by a melt-adsorption method using supercritical carbon dioxide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to enhance the bioavailability of fenofibrate, a poorly water-soluble drug, using a melt-adsorption method with supercritical CO(2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fenofibrate was loaded onto Neusilin(®) UFL2 at different weight ratios of fenofibrate to Neusilin UFL2 by melt-adsorption using supercritical CO(2). For comparison, fenofibrate-loaded Neusilin UFL2 was prepared by solvent evaporation and hot melt-adsorption methods. The fenofibrate formulations prepared were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder x-ray diffractometry, specific surface area, pore size distribution, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry. In vitro dissolution and in vivo bioavailability were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fenofibrate was distributed into the pores of Neusilin UFL2 and showed reduced crystal formation following adsorption. Supercritical CO(2) facilitated the introduction of fenofibrate into the pores of Neusilin UFL2. Compared with raw fenofibrate, fenofibrate from the prepared powders showed a significantly increased dissolution rate and better bioavailability. In particular, the area under the drug concentration-time curve and maximal serum concentration of the powders prepared using supercritical CO(2) were 4.62-fold and 4.52-fold greater than the corresponding values for raw fenofibrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study highlight the usefulness of the melt-adsorption method using supercritical CO(2) for improving the bioavailability of fenofibrate.
authors.affiliation: Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Kyung-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Min-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hee Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Junsung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Wonkyung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jeong-Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung-Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017640:Silicates; D012995:Solubility; D044366:Transition Temperature
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D053769:Nanocapsules; D017640:Silicates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C033065:aluminum magnesium silicate; D008274:Magnesium; D011345:Fenofibrate
keywords: bioavailability; fenofibrate; melt adsorption; supercritical CO2