title: Shaping ability of three nickel-titanium endodontic file systems in simulated S-shaped root canals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine the shaping ability of 3 nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic file systems by measuring canal transportation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two S-shaped canals in resin blocks were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 24): the Self-Adjusting File (SAF; ReDent Nova, Ra'anana, Israel) group, the Typhoon group (Typhoon rotary files with Controlled Memory Wire; DS Dental, Johnson City, TN), and the Vortex group (ProFile Vortex rotary files with M-Wire NiTi; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK). Blocks were secured in a jig for imaging standardization and instrumentation stabilization. Gates Glidden and PathFile drills (25 mm/.02 taper) were used to prepare the glide paths. For the Typhoon and Vortex groups (25 mm/.04 taper), canals were flooded with sterile water and instrumented using a crown-down technique from sizes 40 to 20/.04 and then apically enlarged to size 30/.04. The SAF group (25 mm) was instrumented with constant sterile water irrigation in a light-pecking, transline motion. Pre- and postinstrumentation images were taken at 40× magnification and layered, and canal transportation was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for the level and canal wall side, the mean transportation was significantly higher for the Typhoon (P < .001) and Vortex (P = .005) groups compared with the SAF group. Additionally, the mean transportation was significantly higher for the Typhoon group versus the Vortex group (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study, SAFs showed less canal transportation than ProFile Vortex and Typhoon files in simulated S-shaped root canals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Keesler Medical Center, Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi 39534, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Burroughs
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hagan
authors.forename: Van T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Himel
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008751:Methylene Blue; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D010781:Photography; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium; D008751:Methylene Blue