title: Vulnerable myocardial interstitium in patients with isolated left ventricular hypertrophy and sudden cardiac death: a postmortem histological evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is independently associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Some animal models of LVH display specific alterations of the myocardial interstitium that could increase myocardial vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias, but these merit evaluation in humans with LVH and SCD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve consecutive patients with isolated LVH and SCD (LVH+SCD) in the absence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, coronary disease, or other cardiac structural abnormality were ascertained in the Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study. Detailed postmortem comparisons were conducted with 18 controls who had isolated LVH and unnatural deaths (Control Group A) and 6 controls who had structurally normal hearts and unnatural deaths (Control Group B). Postmortem left ventricular myocardial sections were obtained for measurement of collagen volume fraction, characterization of gap junctions, and quantification of collagen subtypes. Heart weight normalized to body weight was higher in LVH+SCD cases (6.9±1.2 g/kg) than in Control Group A (5.3±1.4 g/kg) and Control Group B (4.2±0.3 g/kg); P=0.001. Collagen volume fraction was also higher in LVH+SCD cases (3.1±0.4) than in Control Group A (2.3±0.4) and Control Group B (1.6±0.3); P=0.0002. The relative amount of collagen III was significantly higher in LVH+SCD cases (33.0±4.4%) than in Control Group A (20.9±4.3%) and Control Group B (13.4±3.5%); P=0.0001. There was an overall increase in the number of connexin 43-labeled gap junctions with increasing myocyte size. No subject was found to have high-risk hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the expected increase in myocardial mass and overall collagen content, SCD with isolated LVH was associated with relative abundance of type III collagen, a novel finding that warrants further mechanistic evaluation. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e001511 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.111.001511.).
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center,  Los Angeles, CA (B.K.T., B.T.J., K.R., C.T., A.U.-E., S.S.C.) ; Cleveland Clinic Foundation,  Cleveland OH (B.K.T.).
authors.forename: Balaji K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Tamarappoo
authors.forename: Benjamin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Kyndaron
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reinier
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Teodorescu
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uy-Evanado
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gunson
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jui
authors.forename: Sumeet S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chugh
keywords: collagen; death, sudden; hypertrophy; myocardium; remodeling