title: Cardiovascular and behavioral response to auditory stimuli in boys with fragile X syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether young boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS) exhibit abnormal physiological or behavioral responses to a moderately intense auditory stimulus, as heightened sensory reactivity is believed to contribute to problem behaviors in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the physiological basis, via heart activity, of auditory startle in young boys with FXS (n = 22) compared with typically developing controls (n = 27). Associations with mental age, behavioral reactivity, and chronological age were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results suggest that older boys with FXS display increased cardiac reactivity to auditory input than younger boys with FXS that distinguishes them from typically developing controls. Higher mental age was associated with decreased latency to react.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results contribute to increased understanding of the pathology in sensory processing in boys with FXS, which can inform refinement of the phenotype in young children with FXS and aid in the development of efficacious psychopharmacological and/or behavioral interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. Jane.Roberts@sc.edu
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Anna C J
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Lindsay M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McCary
authors.forename: Amy N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Quady
authors.forename: Bonnie S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Widrick
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baranek
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*