title: Effects of fish oil and conjugated linoleic acids on carnitine homeostasis in laying hens.
abstract: 1. The effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on genes involved in carnitine homeostasis were compared in laying hens. Three groups of laying hens were fed on a control diet or a diet with either 3% of fish oil or CLA for 4 weeks.   2. Feed intake and egg production rate did not differ between the three groups. Diets with fish oil or CLA had only a weak effect on mRNA levels of PPARα target genes (ACO, CPT-I) in the liver and did not influence mRNA concentrations of the most important carnitine transporter OCTN2, enzymes of involved in carnitine synthesis (TMLD, TMABA-DH, BBD) or concentrations of carnitine in plasma, liver and total egg contents.   3. Hens fed the CLA diet had lower concentrations of free and total carnitine in egg yolk but higher concentrations of carnitine in albumen than control hens (P < 0·05), whereas the amount of free and total carnitine in whole egg did not differ.   4. In conclusion, the study showed that feeding fish oil or CLA causes only a weak activation of PPARα in tissues of laying hens that probably explained the lack of effect on carnitine homeostasis. The results contrast with those in humans and mice that show a significant effect of synthetic PPARα agonists on carnitine homeostasis in humans and mice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kluge
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hirche
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Stangl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ringseis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eder
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002331:Carnitine / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000662:veterinary; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D047493:PPAR alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002331:Carnitine