title: SIMPLE LEAF3 encodes a ribosome-associated protein required for leaflet development in Cardamine hirsuta.
abstract: Leaves show considerable variation in shape, and may be described as simple, when the leaf is entire, or dissected, when the leaf is divided into individual leaflets. Here, we report that the SIMPLE LEAF3 (SIL3) gene is a novel determinant of leaf shape in Cardamine hirsuta - a dissected-leaved relative of the simple-leaved model species Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that SIL3 is required for leaf growth and leaflet formation but leaf initiation is less sensitive to perturbation of SIL3 activity. SIL3 is further required for KNOX (knotted1-like homeobox) gene expression and localized auxin activity maxima, both of which are known to promote leaflet formation. We cloned SIL3 and showed that it encodes RLI2 (RNase L inhibitor 2), an ATP binding cassette-type ATPase with important roles in ribosome recycling and translation termination that are conserved in eukaryotes and archaea. RLI mutants have not been described in plants to date, and this paper highlights the potential of genetic studies in C. hirsuta to uncover novel gene functions. Our data indicate that leaflet development is sensitive to perturbation of RLI2-dependent aspects of cellular growth, and link ribosome function with dissected-leaf development.
authors.affiliation: Plant Sciences Department, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kougioumoutzi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cartolano
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canales
authors.forename: Mhairi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dupré
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bramsiepe
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlad
authors.forename: Madlen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rast
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dello Ioio
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tattersall
authors.forename: Arp
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schnittger
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Miltos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsiantis
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D031217:Cardamine / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010443:Peptide Chain Termination, Translational; D010641:Phenotype; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; C405985:Knox1 protein, plant; D010940:Plant Proteins