title: Percutaneous closure of medium and large PDAs using amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) I and II in infants: safety and efficacy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of the Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO; AGA Medical Corporation) is well established and reported in children and adults, but there are only occasional reports on use in symptomatic infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between March 2009 and January 2011, a group of 47 infants less than 2 years of age with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was treated using ADO I and II devices. Patients were divided into infants less than 1 year old (group A; n = 28/47; 59.6%) and children between 1 and 2 years old (group B; n = 19/47; 40.4%). Physical examinations and echocardiograms were performed before the procedure and at follow-up (3, 6, and 12 months). Mean age was 5.3 ± 2.3 months for group A and 12.6 ± 1.7 months for group B. Mean weight at closure was 4.8 ± 1.9 kg for group A and 7.3 ± 2.1 kg for group B. ADO I was deployed in 19/28 of group A (67.9%) and 16/19 of group B (84.2%). ADO II was used in 9/28 of group A (32.1%) and 3/19 of group B (15.8%). No residual shunt at the end of the procedure was detected by angiography in any of the cases closed with ADO I and only 3/12 (25%) closed with ADO II showed a minimal residual flow. No mortality or major complications occurred. Six months after closure, weight gain, control of respiratory infections, and regression of left ventricular dilatation with improved systolic function were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous closure of moderate to large PDAs using ADO I and II devices in infants and children younger than 2 years of age is safe and effective.
authors.affiliation: Cairo University, 3 Ramez St. off Shehab St, Mohandeseen, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rasha I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Ammar
authors.forename: Ranya A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hegazy
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055989:Septal Occluder Device / Q000145:classification*; D016896:Treatment Outcome