title: Trajectories of social engagement and depressive symptoms among long-term care facility residents in Hong Kong.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  although social engagement and depressive symptoms are important concerns for long-term care facility residents, the dynamic relationship between them has not been adequately studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  this study examines the relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms and changes in social engagement and depressive symptoms among Chinese residents of long-term care facilities over 6 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  a latent growth model was used to analyse six waves of data collected using the Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set 2.0 in the Hong Kong Longitudinal Study on Long-Term Care Facility Residents. Ten residential facilities with a total of 1,184 eligible older adults at baseline were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  after controlling for demographic variables at baseline, a higher level of social engagement was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Trajectories of social engagement were significantly related to trajectories of depressive symptoms. Participants who recorded positive social engagement growth reported reduction in depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the findings of our study extend previous research by showing that increased social engagement is associated with decreased depressive symptoms over time. In long-term residential care settings, it is important for services to engage residents in meaningful social activities in order to reduce depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Work & Social Administration, Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. wlou@hku.hk
authors.forename: Vivian W Q
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Chi Wai
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Angela Y M
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D044466:Asian People; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000523:psychology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D013997:Time Factors