title: Duration until nighttime blood pressure fall indicates excess sodium retention.
abstract: Impaired renal sodium excretion causes sodium retention, which prevents the nocturnal dip in blood pressure (BP); thus, high BP persists until excess sodium is excreted. The authors defined "dipping time" (DT) as the duration until the nocturnal BP falls below 90% of the daytime average. Diuretic (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide [HCTZ]) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) are able to eliminate sodium retention and restore the non-dipper BP rhythm. Reanalysis of two previous studies demonstrate that HCTZ and ARB shortened the DT. Shortening DT correlated directly with the increase in daytime urinary sodium excretion (Study 2). DT can be used as a preliminary indicator of sodium retention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. m-fukuda@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uzu
authors.forename: Genjiro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009318:Natriuresis / Q000502:physiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D004232:Diuretics; D013777:Tetrazoles; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D012964:Sodium