title: Risk factors for mesh extrusion after prolapse surgery:  a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for mesh extrusion in women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse repair by abdominal sacral colpopexy (ASC) or vaginal mesh procedure (VMP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter case-control study of patients who underwent ASC or VMP from 2006 to 2009 identified using diagnosis and procedure coding. Cases were defined as women who underwent eligible index procedure with synthetic mesh and had mesh visible through the vaginal epithelium at postoperative evaluation; controls were matched in an approximate 1:3 ratio by date and type of procedure. Two conditional logistic regression models were constructed to assess variables associated with mesh extrusion among women who underwent ASC and among women who underwent VMP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four cases were identified (43 cases after ASC and 41 cases after VMP), and 252 patients were matched as controls (147 patients who underwent ASC and 105 patients who underwent VMP). Concomitant hysterectomy was positively associated with mesh extrusion) among women who underwent ASC (adjusted odds ratio, 3.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-7.93; P = 0.01) and VMP (adjusted odds ratio, 3.72, 95% confidence interval, 1.20-11.54; P = 0.02). Age, race, type of vaginal incision, menopausal status, medical comorbidities, and smoking were not significantly associated with extrusion in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concomitant hysterectomy is a risk factor for mesh extrusion after ASC and VMPs. This information may be helpful during informed preoperative counseling and planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke's Hospital and Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA. Nazy30@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ehsani
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghafar
authors.forename: Danielle D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Antosh
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan-Kim
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Mamta M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mamik
authors.forename: Heidi W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Saya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: Husam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abed
authors.forename: Miles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Jill C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stolzfus
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Molden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000601:surgery