title: Investigating the effects of a hydrolytically stable hapten and a Th1 adjuvant on heroin vaccine performance.
abstract: We challenged the performance of our previous heroin vaccine with a similar vaccine containing a more hydrolytically stable hapten analogue and a Th1 adjuvant (CpG ODN). Our results indicate that the elements of our previous vaccine are essential for its anti-heroin potency, i.e., a chemically labile hapten and an exclusively Th2 humoral response elicited by alum. Such design elements are critical for producing next-generation heroin vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.forename: Kim D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Janda
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D006241:Haptens / Q000378:metabolism*; D003932:Heroin / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D006241:Haptens; D014612:Vaccines; D003932:Heroin