title: Clinical and paraclinical guidelines for management of sulfur mustard induced bronchiolitis obliterans; from bench to bedside.
abstract: It is well documented that inhalation of sulfur mustard (SM) causes injury to the respiratory system. Many Iranian civilians and war veterans are suffering from late respiratory complications of SM exposure. Recent studies have shown that bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is the major cause of respiratory complications following SM exposure. In this review, we focus on the clinical, pulmonary, radiological, immunological and pathological manifestations in SM-induced BO with intent to provide a practical, clinical and paraclinical guideline for diagnosis and step-wise workup of these patients, which may be used to manage similar lung injuries induced by other similar inhaled toxins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saber
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saburi
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghanei
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011859:Radiography; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D009151:Mustard Gas