title: Hospital collaboration with emergency medical services in the care of patients with acute myocardial infarction: perspectives from key hospital staff.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence suggests that active collaboration between hospitals and emergency medical services (EMS) is significantly associated with lower acute myocardial infarction mortality rates; however, the nature of such collaborations is not well understood. We seek to characterize views of key hospital staff about collaboration with EMS in the care of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an exploratory analysis of qualitative data previously collected from site visits and detailed interviews with 11 US hospitals that ranked in the top or bottom 5% of performance on 30-day risk-standardized acute myocardial infarction mortality rates, using Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data from 2005 to 2007. We selected all codes from the previous analysis in which EMS was most likely to have been discussed. A multidisciplinary team analyzed the data with the constant comparative method to generate recurrent themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both higher- and lower-performing hospitals reported that EMS is critical to the provision of timely care for patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, close collaborative relationships with EMS were more apparent in the higher-performing hospitals, which demonstrated specific investment in and attention to EMS through respect for EMS as valued professionals and colleagues, strong communication and coordination with EMS and active engagement of EMS in hospital acute myocardial infarction quality improvement efforts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospital staff from higher-performing hospitals described broad, multifaceted strategies to support collaboration with EMS in providing acute myocardial infarction care. The association of these strategies with hospital performance should be tested quantitatively in a larger representative study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. alandman@partners.org
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Landman
authors.forename: Erica S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Spatz
authors.forename: Emily J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Cherlin
authors.forename: Harlan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Curry
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006761:Hospitals / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010820:Physicians; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D014481:United States