title: Lethal canine distemper virus outbreak in cynomolgus monkeys in Japan in 2008.
abstract: Canine distemper virus (CDV) has recently expanded its host range to nonhuman primates. A large CDV outbreak occurred in rhesus monkeys at a breeding farm in Guangxi Province, China, in 2006, followed by another outbreak in rhesus monkeys at an animal center in Beijing in 2008. In 2008 in Japan, a CDV outbreak also occurred in cynomolgus monkeys imported from China. In that outbreak, 46 monkeys died from severe pneumonia during a quarantine period. A CDV strain (CYN07-dV) was isolated in Vero cells expressing dog signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). Phylogenic analysis showed that CYN07-dV was closely related to the recent CDV outbreaks in China, suggesting continuing chains of CDV infection in monkeys. In vitro, CYN07-dV uses macaca SLAM and macaca nectin4 as receptors as efficiently as dog SLAM and dog nectin4, respectively. CYN07-dV showed high virulence in experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys and excreted progeny viruses in oral fluid and feces. These data revealed that some of the CDV strains, like CYN07-dV, have the potential to cause acute systemic infection in monkeys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Noriyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ami
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzaki
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwata-Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Tadaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Shuetsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukushi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kurane
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komase
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saijo
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004216:Distemper / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D018419:Primate Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014709:Vero Cells; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral