title: Cell adhesion molecule 1 is a new osteoblastic cell adhesion molecule and a diagnostic marker for osteosarcoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An immunohistochemical screen for mouse embryos showed that cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), which is an immunoglobulin superfamily member, was expressed in developing bones. Here, we determined the cell types expressing CADM1 and examined its usefulness in the differential diagnosis of osteosarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial sections of murine developing mandibles were stained with anti-CADM1 antibody, by a coloring substrate reactive to alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a broad osteoblastic marker for preosteoblasts to osteoblasts, and by in situ hybridization for osteopontin (OPN), a marker for mature osteoblasts. CADM1 immunohistochemistry was also performed on human remodeling bones, osteosarcomas and other soft tissue tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CADM1 immunohistochemistry for the mandible revealed that morphologically identifiable osteoblasts expressed CADM1 on their plasma membranes, but neither osteocytes nor bone lining cells did. At the mandibular margin, not only OPN-positive cells but also OPN-negative, ALP-positive cells were CADM1-positive, whereas inside the mandible, OPN-positive cells were often CADM1-negative. Clear membranous staining was detected in the majority of osteosarcomas (46/57), whereas only 13% (6/46) of the other soft tissue tumors were CADM1-positive (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that CADM1 was a novel osteoblastic adhesion molecule that is expressed transiently during osteoblastic maturation, and a useful diagnostic marker for osteosarcoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagiyama
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Enoki
authors.forename: Minami A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakayama
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hamanishi
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D000075982:Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C403514:CADM1 protein, human; C498598:Cadm1 protein, mouse; D000075982:Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D053495:Osteopontin