title: Phloroglucinol protects human keratinocytes from ultraviolet B radiation by attenuating oxidative stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultraviolet B generates reactive oxygen species by interacting with water in irradiated skin tissues and cells in turn causes lipid peroxidation, protein modification and further DNA damage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the cytoprotective effects of phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) on ultraviolet B-irradiated cultured human keratinocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT cells were treated with 10 μM of phloroglucinol. After 1 h, the cells were irradiated with ultraviolet B light at 30 mJ/cm(2) and incubated at 37°C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phloroglucinol scavenged both the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a cell-free system and ultraviolet B-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species. Phloroglucinol reduced ultraviolet B-generated lipid peroxidation, protein modification and DNA strand breaks. The enzymatic effects of phloroglucinol restored cellular glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, which were impaired by ultraviolet B radiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phloroglucinol provides the protective effects in human keratinocyte cell line exposed to ultraviolet B radiation, suggesting that phloroglucinol can be used as a photoprotective agent.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Applied Radiological Science Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Cheon
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mei Jing
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: Suk Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Nam Ho
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hyun
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010696:Phloroglucinol