title: Crisis Resources for Emergency Workers (CREW II): results of a pilot study and simulation-based crisis resource management course for emergency medicine residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emergency department resuscitation requires the coordinated efforts of an interdisciplinary team. Aviation-based crisis resource management (CRM) training can improve safety and performance during complex events. We describe the development, piloting, and multilevel evaluation of "Crisis Resources for Emergency Workers" (CREW), a simulation-based CRM curriculum for emergency medicine (EM) residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Curriculum development was informed by an a priori needs assessment survey. We constructed a 1-day course using simulated resuscitation scenarios paired with focused debriefing sessions. Attitudinal shifts regarding team behaviours were assessed using the Human Factors Attitude Survey (HFAS). A subset of 10 residents participated in standardized pre- and postcourse simulated resuscitation scenarios to quantify the effect of CREW training on our primary outcome of CRM performance. Pre/post scenarios were videotaped and scored by two blinded reviewers using a validated behavioural rating scale, the Ottawa CRM Global Rating Scale (GRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postcourse survey responses were highly favourable, with the majority of participants reporting that CREW training can reduce errors and improve patient safety. There was a nonsignificant trend toward improved team-based attitudes as assessed by the HFAS (p  =  0.210). Postcourse performance demonstrated a similar trend toward improved scores in all categories on the Ottawa GRS (p  =  0.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EM residents find simulation-based CRM instruction to be useful, effective, and highly relevant to their practice. Trends toward improved performance and attitudes may have arisen because our study was underpowered to detect a difference. Future efforts should focus on interdisciplinary training and recruiting a larger sample size.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8. christopher.hicks@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Glen W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Bandiera
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Denny
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D008348:Manikins; D009864:Ontario; D010820:Physicians / Q000592:standards*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000193:education*