title: Review of surgical prosthetic paravalvular leaks: diagnosis and catheter-based closure.
abstract: Paravalvular leak (PVL) is an uncommon yet serious complication associated with surgical prosthetic valve implantation. Paravalvular leak can have significant clinical consequence such as congestive heart failure, haemolytic anaemia, and infective endocarditis. Recently, transcatheter therapy has been applied to the treatment of this disorder with reasonable procedural and clinical success. This review discusses the current state of PVLs, the utilization of multi-modality imaging in their diagnosis and treatment, and the available therapeutic options. Further aim of this review is to examine transcatheter therapy of PVLs including the principles, outcomes, and procedural-related complications.
authors.affiliation: Lenox Hill Heart and Vascular Institute, North Shore/LIJ Health System, 130 East 77th Street, 9th Floor Black Hall, New York, NY 10021-10075, USA.
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kliger
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eiros
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Isasti
authors.forename: Bryce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Einhorn
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jelnin
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kronzon
authors.forename: Gila
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perk
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000743:Anemia, Hemolytic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D011475:Prosthesis Failure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers