title: High alcohol consumption increases the risk of pancreatic stone formation and pancreatic atrophy in autoimmune pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate risk factors for pancreatic stones and atrophy in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-one patients with AIP observed for more than 1 year were enrolled. The frequency of pancreatic stone development and atrophy on computed tomography as well as their risk factors were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pancreatic stones and atrophy were observed in 13 and 43 patients, respectively. Alcohol consumption of greater than 50 g/d was the only significant risk factor for pancreatic atrophy in univariate analysis. Alcohol intake of greater than 50 g/d was observed in 6 of 13 patients with stones and 10 of 58 patients without stones (46% vs 17%, P = 0.059). Alcohol intake of greater than 50 g/d was observed in 14 of 43 patients with atrophy and 2 of 28 patients without atrophy (33% vs 7.1%, P = 0.018). In multivariate analysis, alcohol consumption was a significant risk factor both for pancreatic stone formation (odds ratio [OR], 7.47; P = 0.040) and atrophy (OR 6.24; P = 0.034). Higher age at onset was another significant risk factor for pancreatic atrophy (OR 1.07 per year; P = 0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol consumption of greater than 50 g/d increases the risk of pancreatic stone development and atrophy in patients with AIP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. khirano-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isayama
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Tomotaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyabayashi
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mohri
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kogure
authors.forename: Natsuyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasahira
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Naminatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagioka
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001284:Atrophy / Q000209:etiology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002137:Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology*; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors