title: Hydrothermal synthesis and upconversion luminescence properties of β-NaGdF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ and β-NaGdF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ submicron crystals with regular morphologies.
abstract: Single phase β-NaGdF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) and β-NaGdF(4):Yb(3+)/Ho(3+) submicron crystals with various morphologies including hexagonal prisms, spindles, and spheres were synthesized via the one-step hydrothermal method by controlling the pH values and sort of chelators (EDTA and citric acid). The prepared products showed intense up-converted luminescence (UCL) pumped by infrared laser at 980 nm. The hexagonal prisms that meaning high degree crystallinity demonstrated strong UCL in comparison with other morphologies such as spindles and spheres. In β-NaGdF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+), UCL not only appeared transitions from (1)G(4), (1)D(2), and (1)I(6) states to the lower lying states of Tm(3+), but also (6)P(J)→(8)S(7/2) transition (310 nm) of Gd(3+). These UCL were responsible for three, five, and six photons processes determined by pump power dependence of UCL intensities. The observation of UCL of Gd(3+) implied occurrence of energy transfer from Tm(3+):(1)I(6) to Gd(3+):(6)P(J).
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Eastern South Lake Road, Changchun 130033, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Eastern South Lake Road, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Zhendong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Eastern South Lake Road, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Eastern South Lake Road, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Yongshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Jilin Cancer Hospital, 1018 Huguang Road, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Jihong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Eastern South Lake Road, Changchun 130033, China.
authors.forename: Shaozhe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Eastern South Lake Road, Changchun 130033, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Eastern South Lake Road, Changchun 130033, China. Electronic address: zhangjh@ciomp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jiahua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006695:Holmium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D049449:Luminescence; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013932:Thulium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015018:Ytterbium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013932:Thulium; D012964:Sodium; D005682:Gadolinium; D015018:Ytterbium; D005459:Fluorides; D006695:Holmium