title: Bone health and associated metabolic complications in neuromuscular diseases.
abstract: This article reviews the recent literature regarding bone health as it relates to the patient living with neuromuscular disease (NMD). Studies defining the scope of bone-related disease in NMD are scant. The available evidence is discussed, focusing on abnormal calcium metabolism, increased fracture risk, and the prevalence of both scoliosis and hypovitaminosis D in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. Future directions are discussed, including the urgent need for studies both to determine the nature and extent of poor bone health, and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of available osteoporosis treatments in patients with NMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Nanette.joyce@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Nanette C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: Lauren P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Hache
authors.forename: Paula R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Clemens
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D001846:Bone Development; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002118:Calcium; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000209:etiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium