title: PICKLE is a CHD subfamily II ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor.
abstract: PICKLE plays a critical role in repression of genes that regulate development identity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PICKLE codes for a putative ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler that exhibits sequence similarity to members of subfamily II of animal CHD remodelers, which includes remodelers such as CHD3/Mi-2 that also restrict expression of developmental regulators. Whereas animal CHD3 remodelers are a component of the Mi-2/NuRD complex that promotes histone deacetylation, PICKLE promotes trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 suggesting that it acts via a distinct epigenetic pathway. Here, we examine whether PICKLE is also a member of a multisubunit complex and characterize the biochemical properties of recombinant PICKLE protein. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that PICKLE-related proteins in plants share a common ancestor with members of subfamily II of animal CHD remodelers. Biochemical characterization of PICKLE in planta, however, reveals that PICKLE primarily exists as a monomer. Recombinant PICKLE protein is an ATPase that is stimulated by ssDNA and mononucleosomes and binds to both naked DNA and mononucleosomes. Furthermore, recombinant PICKLE exhibits ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity. These studies demonstrate that subfamily II CHD proteins in plants, such as PICKLE, retain ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity but act through a mechanism that does not involve the ubiquitous Mi-2/NuRD complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
authors.forename: Kwok Ki
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogas
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics*; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000235:genetics*; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics; D008239:Lysine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056245:Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D056245:Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex; C402442:AT2G25170 protein, Arabidopsis; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D004265:DNA Helicases; D008239:Lysine