title: Cinnamic acid derivatives induce cell cycle arrest in carcinoma cell lines.
abstract: Cinnamic acid derivatives can be found in plant material, and they possess a remarkable variety of biological effects. In the present study, we have investigated the cytotoxic effects of representative cinnamic acid esters and amides. The cytotoxicity was determined by MTT test on human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), myelogenous leukemia (K562), malignant melanoma (Fem-x), and estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, versus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) without or with the addition of the plant lectin phytohemaglutinin (PHA). The compounds tested showed significant cytotoxicity (IC50s between 42 and 166 µM) and furthermore selectivity of these cytotoxic effects on the malignant cell lines versus the PBMCs was also seen, especially when electron-withdrawing groups, such as a cyano group (compound 5), were present on the aromatic rings of the alcohol or amine parts of the cinnamic acid derivatives. The additional study on cell cycle phase distribution indicated that novel cinnamic acid derivatives inhibit cell growth by induction of cell death. Thus, cinnamic acids derivatives represent important lead compounds for further development of antineoplastic agents.
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Matej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sova
authors.forename: Željko
authors.initials: Ž
authors.lastname: Žižak
authors.forename: Jelena A Antic
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stanković
authors.forename: Matevž
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prijatelj
authors.forename: Samo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Zorica D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Juranić
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mlinarič-Raščan
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gobec
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002934:Cinnamates; C029010:cinnamic acid