title: High efficient treatment of citric acid effluent by Chlorella vulgaris and potential biomass utilization.
abstract: The efficiency of treating citric acid effluent by green algae Chlorella was investigated. With the highest growth rate, Chlorella vulgaris C9-JN2010 that could efficiently remove nutrients in the citric acid effluent was selected for scale-up batch experiments under the optimal conditions, where its maximum biomass was 1.04 g l(-1) and removal efficiencies of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand) were above 90.0%. Algal lipid and protein contents were around 340.0 and 500.0 mg · g(-1) of the harvested biomass, respectively. Proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipids and eight kinds of essential amino acids in algal protein were 74.0% and 40.0%, respectively. Three major fatty acids were hexadecanoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosadienoic acid. This specific effluent treatment process could be proposed as a dual-beneficial approach, which converts nutrients in the high strength citric acid effluent into profitable byproducts and reduces the contaminations.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hailin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaole
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Luping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000302:isolation & purification; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002244:Carbon; D019343:Citric Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D008055:Lipids; D009584:Nitrogen; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D010758:Phosphorus; D011506:Proteins; D062065:Wastewater