title: Isolation, modification and cytotoxic evaluation of flavonoids from Rhododendron hainanense.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to search for antitumour activity of flavonoid compounds. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds in vitro was evaluated against the human leukaemia (HL-60) and human hepatoma (SMMC-7721) cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight natural flavonoids (1-8) were isolated from the aerial parts of Rhododendron hainanense and a series of modified flavonoid derivatives (9-18) were obtained from the natural product matteucinol (1), using simple synthetic methods. Antitumour inhibitory activity of these flavonoids was assessed using the sulforhodamine B method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the compounds exhibited good pharmacological activity and the preliminary structure-activity relationships were described. Within the series of flavonoid derivatives in this study, compounds 3 (2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,8-dimethyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) and 16 (5-hydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxy-6, 8-dimethylflavan) exhibited strong inhibitory activity against the HL-60 cell line with IC50 values (the drug concentration that resulted in a 50% reduction in cell viability or inhibition of the biological activity) of 15.2 and 13.2 µm, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renewed attention to flavonoid derivatives revealed the possibility that compounds 3 and 16 could be considered as lead compounds for the development of new antitumour agents. Our results have not only enriched the family of active flavonoids from natural sources, but have encouraged the synthesis of flavonoid analogues for improving cytotoxic activity.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Huan-Xing
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Deng-Gao
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chun-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002867:Chromones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029793:Rhododendron / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002867:Chromones; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C049059:matteucinol