title: Heparin-polynitroxides: synthesis and preliminary evaluation as cardiovascular EPR/MR imaging probes and extracellular space-targeted antioxidants.
abstract: We report here the synthesis of heparin-polynitroxide derivatives (HPNs) in which nitroxide moieties are linked either to uronic acid or glycosamine residues of the heparin macromolecule. HPNs have low anticoagulant activity, possess superoxide scavenging properties, bind to the vascular endothelium/extra-cellular matrix and can be detected by EPR and MRI techniques. As the vascular wall-targeted redox-active paramagnetic compounds, HPNs may have both diagnostic (molecular MRI) and therapeutic (ecSOD mimics) applications.
authors.affiliation: Second Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55131, Germany. kleschyo@uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Andrei L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kleschyov
authors.forename: Vasily
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sen'
authors.forename: Valery
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Golubev
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Münnemann
authors.forename: Dariush
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hinderberger
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lackner
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terekhov
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Münzel
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015951:Factor Xa / Q000378:metabolism; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D013481:Superoxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014574:Uronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000975:Antioxidants; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D006595:Hexosamines; D015335:Molecular Probes; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D014574:Uronic Acids; D013481:Superoxides; D006493:Heparin; D015951:Factor Xa