title: Oral zinc supplementation restores high molecular weight seminal zinc binding protein to normal value in Iraqi infertile men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zinc in human seminal plasma is divided into three types of ligands which are high (HMW), intermediate (IMW), and low molecular weight ligands (LMW). The present study was aimed to study the effect of Zn supplementation on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of semen along with Zinc Binding Protein levels in the seminal plasma in asthenozoospermic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen samples were obtained from 37 fertile and 37 asthenozoospermic infertile men with matched age. The subfertile group was treated with zinc sulfate, every participant took two capsules per day for three months (each one 220 mg). Semen samples were obtained (before and after zinc sulfate supplementation). After liquefaction seminal fluid at room temperature, routine semen analyses were performed. For determination of the amount of zinc binding proteins, the gel filtration of seminal plasma on Sephadex G-75 was performed. All the fractions were investigated for protein and for zinc concentration by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Evaluation of chromatograms was made directly from the zinc concentration in each fraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant high molecular weight zinc binding ligands percentage (HMW-Zn %) was observed in seminal plasma of fertile males compared with subfertile males. However, seminal low molecular weight ligands (LMW-Zn) have opposite behavior. The mean value of semen volume, progressive sperm motility percentage and total normal sperm count were increased after zinc sulfate supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zinc supplementation restores HMW-Zn% in seminal plasma of asthenozoospermic subjects to normal value. Zinc supplementation elevates LMW-Zn% in seminal plasma of asthenozoospermic subjects to more than normal value.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01612403.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, College of Science, Babylon University, Hillah, Iraq. mahmoudhadwan@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mahmoud Hussein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hadwan
authors.forename: Lamia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Almashhedy
authors.forename: Abdul Razzaq S
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Alsalman
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007493:Iraq / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012661:Semen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C017800:zinc-binding protein; D019287:Zinc Sulfate