title: Clinical efficacy of intravesical electrostimulation on incomplete spinal cord patients suffering from chronic neurogenic non-obstructive retention: a 15-year single centre retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical and urodynamic impact of intravesical electrostimulation (IVES) on incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients suffering from chronic neurogenic non-obstructive urinary retention (N-NOR).
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and two patients underwent at least 28 consecutive daily IVES sessions because objective evidence of detrusor acontractility instead of hypocontractility was detected. Diary entries written at various stages by each patient were compared (7 days before the IVES cycle, 15-21 days into the cycle and 7 days before its end). Responders were patients with a mean 50% reduction in both the number of daily catheterizations and post-void residual urine. Responders underwent further urodynamics at the end of the IVES cycle; patients experiencing first sensation of bladder filling, and the mean volume of first sensation of bladder filling per ml, Qmax ml s(-1), among others, were evaluated. Nineteen individuals who repeated another IVES round were included in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight subjects (37.2%) responded to IVES and of those, 83.3% recovered the first sensation of bladder filling after the IVES round. Nineteen responders repeated IVES within 1 year, owing to loss of efficacy. They obtained similar voiding symptoms improvement and urodynamic results as after the first IVES cycle. A timespan of <2 years from SCI to IVES, and the presence of first sensation of bladder filling at baseline represented significant predictive parameters for IVES success (P<0.05) using χ(2)-test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVES represents a possible therapeutic option for incomplete SCI patients with N-NOR.
authors.affiliation: Neuro-urology Department Florence, Spinal Unit, Spinal Unit Florence, Florence, Italy. giuseppelombard63@libero.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Celso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mencarini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Popolo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult