title: Two-dimensional real-time blood flow and temperature of soft tissue around maxillary anterior implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the basic nature of soft tissue surrounding maxillary anterior implants by simultaneous measurements of blood flow and surface temperature and (2) analyze differences with and without bone grafting associated with implant placement to try to detect the signs of surface morphology change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty maxillary anterior implant patients, 10 bone grafting and 10 graftless, were involved in this clinical trial. Soft tissue around the implant was evaluated with 2-dimensional laser speckle imaging and a thermograph.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood flow was significantly lower in attached gingiva surrounding implants in graftless patients (P = 0.0468). On the other hand, it was significantly lower in dental papillae (P = 0.0254), free gingiva (P = 0.0198), and attached gingiva (P = 0.00805) in bone graft patients. Temperature was significantly higher in free gingiva (P = 0.00819) and attached gingiva (P = 0.00593) in graftless patients, whereas it was significantly higher in dental papilla and free gingiva in implants with bone grafting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that simultaneous measurements of soft-tissue blood flow and temperature is a useful technique to evaluate the microcirculation of soft tissue surrounding implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu dental College, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, Japan. nakamoto@kyu-dent.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanao
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000601:surgery*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants