title: Anti-inflammatory properties of rose oxide.
abstract: Rose-oxide is a fragrance found in roses and rose oil. There are no reports about the pharmacological activity of this molecule. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether rose-oxide (RO) has anti-inflammatory properties and to investigate possible mechanisms involved with its effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of RO was first suggested by the formalin test in mice, an inflammatory pain model, because intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of RO (50 and 100mg/kg) inhibited only the late phase of this test. To further investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of RO, the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)- and carrageenan-induced paw inflammation models were used. Pre-treatment with RO (50 and 100mg/kg) significantly reduced paw edema at 4, 6 and 24h after the CFA injection. In addition, RO (100mg/kg) reduced the IL-1β, but not TNF-α, local production induced by CFA. Administration of RO (25-100mg/kg) decreased the paw edema induced by carrageenan in rats, which was more evident at 3 and 4h after induction. In addition, neutrophil migration to the hind paw was measured by MPO assay after the carrageenan injection. The MPO activity was significantly inhibited by RO at 25-100mg/kg, 4h after stimulus. In another experimental set, administration of RO (25-100mg/kg) significantly reduced the leukocyte migration in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis model in mice. The results described here are the first report of pharmacological properties of RO and strongly suggest that RO possesses anti-inflammatory activity related to its ability to inhibit the IL-1β production and the leukocyte migration.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, CEP 40296-710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana Regina
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Nonato
authors.forename: Danielle Gomes
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: Flavielle Martins
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.forename: Gisele Graça Leite
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brustolim
authors.forename: Enilton A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Damião P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.forename: Milena Botelho Pereira
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Cristiane Flora
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Villarreal
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054441:Cell Migration Assays, Leukocyte; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D039821:Monoterpenes; C581370:rose-oxide