title: Antiamnesic effects of ethyl acetate fraction from chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis) inner skin on Aβ(25-35)-induced cognitive deficits in mice.
abstract: To investigate neuronal cell protective effects of an ethyl acetate fraction from chestnut inner skin, in vitro assays, including 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, 3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were performed. Intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species resulting from hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatment of PC12 cells was significantly reduced when ethyl acetate fractions were present in the medium compared to PC12 cells treated with H(2)O(2) only. In a cell viability assay using MTT, the ethyl acetate fraction protected against H(2)O(2)-induced neurotoxicity, and inhibited LDH release into the medium. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction improved in vivo cognitive ability against amyloid β-peptide (Aβ)-induced neuronal deficit. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin were predominant phenolics in the ethyl acetate fraction. Consequently, the results suggest that chestnut inner skin, including above phenolics, could ameliorate Aβ-induced learning and memory deficiency, and be utilized as effective substances for neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Rok
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Yu Na
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Ji Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Dong Eun
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Byung Gi
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Soo Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dong-Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Ho Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D002392:Catechin / Q000032:analysis; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D029962:Fagaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D005452:Fluoresceins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C029569:diacetyldichlorofluorescein; D005707:Gallic Acid; C007650:ethyl acetate; D002392:Catechin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase