title: Urban tree species show the same hydraulic response to vapor pressure deficit across varying tree size and environmental conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The functional convergence of tree transpiration has rarely been tested for tree species growing under urban conditions even though it is of significance to elucidate the relationship between functional convergence and species differences of urban trees for establishing sustainable urban forests in the context of forest water relations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured sap flux of four urban tree species including Cedrus deodara, Zelkova schneideriana, Euonymus bungeanus and Metasequoia glyptostroboides in an urban park by using thermal dissipation probes (TDP). The concurrent microclimate conditions and soil moisture content were also measured. Our objectives were to examine 1) the influence of tree species and size on transpiration, and 2) the hydraulic control of urban trees under different environmental conditions over the transpiration in response to VPD as represented by canopy conductance. The results showed that the functional convergence between tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree canopy transpiration amount (E(c)) was not reliable to predict stand transpiration and there were species differences within same DBH class. Species differed in transpiration patterns to seasonal weather progression and soil water stress as a result of varied sensitivity to water availability. Species differences were also found in their potential maximum transpiration rate and reaction to light. However, a same theoretical hydraulic relationship between G(c) at VPD = 1 kPa (G(cref)) and the G(c) sensitivity to VPD (-dG(c)/dlnVPD) across studied species as well as under contrasting soil water and R(s) conditions in the urban area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that urban trees show the same hydraulic regulation over response to VPD across varying tree size and environmental conditions and thus tree transpiration could be predicted with appropriate assessment of G(cref).
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Brent E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ewers
mesh_terms: D028203:Cedrus / Q000502:physiology; D004777:Environment; D029756:Euonymus / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000502:physiology*; D018526:Plant Transpiration / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil; D014197:Trees; D034401:Ulmaceae / Q000502:physiology; D055548:Vapor Pressure; D014867:Water; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D014867:Water