title: Treatment and outcomes of patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes in relation to initial diagnostic impressions (insights from the Canadian Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events [GRACE] and Canadian Registry of Acute Coronary Events [CANRACE]).
abstract: The early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains challenging, and a considerable proportion of patients are diagnosed with "possible" ACS on admission. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE/GRACE(2)) and Canadian Registry of Acute Coronary Events (CANRACE) enrolled 16,618 Canadian patients with suspected ACS in 1999 to 2008. We compared the demographic and clinical characteristics, use of cardiac procedures, prognostic accuracy of the GRACE risk score, and in-hospital outcomes between patients given an admission diagnosis of "definite" versus "possible" ACS by the treating physician. Overall, 11,152 and 5,466 patients were given an initial diagnosis of "definite" ACS and "possible" ACS, respectively. Patients with a "possible" ACS had higher GRACE risk score (median 130 vs 125) and less frequently received aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin, or β blockers within the first 24 hours of presentation and assessment of left ventricular function, stress testing, cardiac catheterization, and percutaneous coronary intervention (all p <0.05). Patients with "possible" ACS had greater rates of in-hospital myocardial infarction (9.0% vs 2.0%, p <0.05) and heart failure (12% vs 8.9%, p <0.05). The GRACE risk score demonstrated excellent discrimination for in-hospital mortality in both groups and for the entire study population. In conclusion, compared to patients with "definite" ACS on presentation, those with "possible" ACS had higher baseline GRACE risk scores but less frequently received evidence-based medical therapies within 24 hours of admission or underwent cardiac procedures during hospitalization. The GRACE risk score provided accurate risk assessment, regardless of the initial diagnostic impression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ravi R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bajaj
authors.forename: Shaun G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Raymond T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bagnall
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gyenes
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Eagle
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brieger
authors.forename: Krishnan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: Francois R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Grondin
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends