title: Injectable administration privileges among pharmacists in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Privileges for administering nonvaccine injectable medications among pharmacists in the United States were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  An e-mail inquiry on specific protocols for the administration of injectables was sent to the state boards of pharmacy (BOPs) for all 50 states and the District of Columbia that had a valid e-mail address listed on the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy website. Respondents were encouraged to include in their response a link to state regulations so that information from the BOP laws on privileges for administering injectables could be closely reviewed. State guidelines were reviewed online for all BOPs that did not respond to the first e-mail in order to complete the study. A follow-up e-mail was sent only to those respondents whose states granted pharmacists privileges for administering nonvaccine injectables in order to clarify the specific drugs allowed to be injected by pharmacists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses received included either links to state regulations or explicit statements of the rules regarding pharmacists' injectable privileges. A total of 21 states currently grant pharmacists articulate written information or rules pertaining to the privilege of administering nonvaccine injectable products. Authority is provided through collaborative practice agreements for most states. Products administered by pharmacists vary by state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacists in 21 states were found to have privileges for administering injectable medications other than vaccines. Pharmacists were authorized to administer these drugs through completion of training approved by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, collaborative practice agreements, valid prescription orders, board certification, or other broad privileges as specified in state regulations.
authors.affiliation: Innovative Pharmaceuticalsand Consulting, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. medgal8@gmail.com
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Oji
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: McKoy-Beach
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pagan
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matike
authors.forename: Oluwaranti
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akiyode
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006075:Governing Board; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D020407:Internet; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024382:Professional Role; D014481:United States; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014612:Vaccines