title: Research priorities for Article 14--demand reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) interventions are often seen as expensive with little impact on the prevalence of tobacco use. However, activities that promote the cessation of tobacco use and support abstinence have an important role in any comprehensive tobacco control program and as such are recognized within Article 14 (A14) of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review current evidence for TDT and recommend research priorities that will contribute to more people being helped to stop tobacco use.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the recommendations within the A14 guidelines to guide a review of current evidence and best practice for promotion of tobacco cessation and TDT, identify gaps, and propose research priorities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified nine areas for future research (a) understanding current tobacco use and the effect of policy on behavior, (b) promoting cessation of tobacco use, (c) implementation of TDT guidelines, (d) increasing training capacity, (e) enhancing population-based TDT interventions, (f) treatment for different types of tobacco use, (g) supply of low-cost pharmaceutical devices/ products, (h) investigation use of nonpharmaceutical devices/ products, and (i) refinement of current TDTs. Specific research topics are suggested within each of these areas and recognize the differences needed between high- and low-/middle-income countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research should be prioritized toward examining interventions that (a) promote cessation of tobacco use, (b) assist health care workers provide better help to smokers (e.g., through implementation of guidelines and training), (c) enhance population-based TDT interventions, and (d) assist people to cease the use of other tobacco products.
authors.affiliation: UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. h.j.mcrobbie@qmul.ac.uk
authors.forename: Hayden
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McRobbie
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raw
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D033161:Government Regulation; D006291:Health Policy; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012106:Research; D012907:Smoking / Q000628:therapy; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy