title: Verification of monoplex and multiplex linear-after-the-exponential PCR gene-specific sepsis assays using clinical isolates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify monoplex and multiplex gene-specific linear-after-the-exponential polymerase chain reaction (LATE-PCR) assays for identifying 17 microbial pathogens (i.e., Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase negative staphylococci, Enterococcus sp., Candida sp.) commonly associated with septicaemia using clinical isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical isolates of each target pathogen were collected from the University of California, Davis Medical Center (UCDMC) microbiology laboratory. Five microlitres (μl) of each culture suspension (1 × 10(8) CFU ml(-1) ) were added to 20 μl of monoplex mastermix. DNA extracted from clinical isolates was tested in multiplex. Monoplex assays demonstrated 100% sensitivity at this input level, except Enterobacter cloacae (2.7%), Ac. baumannii (57%) and Ps. aeruginosa (97.8%). All clinical isolates were positive in multiplex, with the exception of two Ac. baumannii, two Klebsiella oxytoca and two Candida parapsilosis isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sixteen pathogens can be identified by monoplex LATE-PCR assays with sensitivities ≥ 97.8%. The multiplex assay demonstrated 91.4% sensitivity when tested with DNA extracted from 70 different target strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the potential of LATE-PCR to serve as an adjunct to culture if the reagents are optimized for sensitivity. Results warrant further testing through analytical and clinical validation of the multiplex assay.
authors.affiliation: Point-of-Care Testing Center for Teaching and Research (POCT•CTR), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. nlgentile@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dillier
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ackers
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wangh
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Czajka
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kost
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002175:Candida / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006801:Humans; D007709:Klebsiella / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000382:microbiology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004271:DNA, Fungal