title: Reproduction in grazing dairy cows treated with 14-day controlled internal drug release for presynchronization before timed artificial insemination compared with artificial insemination after observed estrus.
abstract: Progesterone-releasing (controlled internal drug release, CIDR) devices inserted for 14 d are used to presynchronize the estrous cycle for timed artificial insemination (TAI) in beef heifers (14-d CIDR-PGF(2α) program). The objective was to test a similar program in dairy cows by measuring first-service conception rates (FSCR), pregnancy rates after 2 AI, and time to pregnancy compared with a control (AI after observed estrus). Postpartum cows (Holstein, Jersey, or crossbred; n=1,363) from 4 grazing dairy farms were assigned to 1 of 2 programs: 14dCIDR_TAI [CIDR in for 14 d, CIDR out, PGF(2α) injection at 19 d after CIDR removal, GnRH injection 56 h later, and then TAI 16 h later; n=737] or control [AI after observed estrus; reproductive program with PGF(2α) (cycling cows) and CIDR (noncycling cows) to synchronize estrus with the start of the breeding season; n=626]. Body condition was scored (1 to 5; thin to fat) at the start of the trial. The interval from the start of the breeding period (final PGF(2α) injection of either program) to first AI was shorter for 14dCIDR_TAI compared with the control (3.0±0.2 vs. 5.3±0.2 d; mean ± SEM) but 14dCIDR_TAI cows had lesser FSCR than controls (48 vs. 61%). Farm affected FSCR (50, 51, 67, and 58% for farms 1 to 4). The BCS affected FSCR (50, 55, and 62% for BCS=2, 2.5, and 3, respectively). Cows that either calved the year before (carryover) or that calved early in the calving season had greater FSCR than cows that calved later in the calving season (55, 61, and 42%, respectively). The percentage of cows pregnant to AI (first and second inseminations within 31-d breeding season) was similar for 14dCIDR_TAI and control (64 vs. 70%) cows, but farm (64, 62, 80, and 69%) and time of calving (70, 76, and 56%: carryover, early, and late, respectively) affected the percentage. Survival analyses showed an initial advantage for 14dCIDR_TAI (more cows inseminated and more pregnancies achieved early in the breeding season) that was not maintained over time. Conclusions were that the 14dCIDR_TAI program achieved acceptable FSCR (48%) and overall AI pregnancy rates (64%), but did not surpass a control program that used AI after observed estrus (61 and 70%, respectively).
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Escalante
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Poock
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Newsom
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Pohler
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lucy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004973:Estrus Synchronization / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000187:drug effects; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants; D011374:Progesterone