title: FMRI activity in the macaque cerebellum evoked by intracortical microstimulation of the primary somatosensory cortex: evidence for polysynaptic propagation.
abstract: Simultaneous electrical microstimulation (EM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a useful tool for probing connectivity across brain areas in vivo. However, it is not clear whether intracortical EM can evoke blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal in areas connected polysynaptically to the stimulated site. To test for the presence of the BOLD activity evoked by polysynaptic propagation of the EM signal, we conducted simultaneous fMRI and EM in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of macaque monkeys. We in fact observed BOLD activations in the contralateral cerebellum which is connected to the stimulation site (i.e. S1) only through polysynaptic pathways. Furthermore, the magnitude of cerebellar activations was dependent on the current amplitude of the EM, confirming the EM is the cause of the cerebellar activations. These results suggest the importance of considering polysynaptic signal propagation, particularly via pathways including subcortical structures, for correctly interpreting 'functional connectivity' as assessed by simultaneous EM and fMRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Teppei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Kenji W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Koyano
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chikazoe
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamigaki
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyashita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; D008251:Macaca / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen