title: Boron neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma multiforme: enhanced drug delivery and antitumor effect following blood-brain barrier disruption induced by focused ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether the efficacy of boron neutron capture therapy was enhanced by means of intravenous administration of boronophenylalanine (BPA) with blood-brain barrier disruption induced by focused ultrasound (FUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  BPA was administered, followed by pulsed FUS, and the boron concentration in the treated brains was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Growth of the firefly luciferase-labeled glioma cells was monitored through noninvasive biophotonic imaging. Finally, the brain tissue was histologically examined after sacrifice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the nonsonicated tumor group, animals treated with an injection of 500 mg/kg of BPA followed by FUS exhibited not only significantly increased accumulation of the drug at the sonicated tumor site, but also a significantly elevated tumor-to-normal brain drug ratio (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrated that FUS significantly enhances the tumor-to-normal brain drug ratio in the sonicated tumor and subsequently the efficacy of boron neutron capture therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging & Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No 155, Sec 2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan. fyyang@ym.edu.tw
authors.forename: Feng-Yi
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yi-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fong-In
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Sang-Hue
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Yi-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tai-Tong
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000528:radiation effects; D016754:Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D051381:Rats; D013016:Sound; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D010649:Phenylalanine