title: Early orthodontic management of Crouzon Syndrome: a case report.
abstract: Crouzon Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with complete penetrance and variable expressivity. Described by a French neurosurgeon in 1912, it is a rare genetic disorder. Crouzon syndrome is caused by mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. The disease is characterized by premature synostosis of coronal and sagittal sutures which begins in the first year of life. Once the sutures become closed, growth potential to those sutures is restricted. However, multiple sutural synostoses frequently extend to premature fusion of skull base causing midfacial hypoplasia, shallow orbit, maxillary hypoplasia and occasional upper airway obstruction.The case of a 7-year-old South African black boy with Crouzon Syndrome is presented. He presented with characteristic triad of cranial deformity, maxillary hypoplasia and exophthalmos. The clinical, cephalometric features and initial orthodontic management of this patient are discussed as part of multidisciplinary management.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Limpopo, Limpopo, South Africa  ; Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, South Africa.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hlongwa
keywords: Anterior crossbyte; Craniosynostosis; Fibroblast growth factor