title: FoxM1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in glioma stem cells.
abstract: Cancer stem cells may be responsible for tumor initiation and maintenance. The molecular mechanisms that control cancer stem cells are related to alterations in various signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is one of the major signaling systems in stem and progenitor cells, and aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is common in human cancers. As with β-catenin, FoxM1 has been found to play important roles in a number of cancers. In this review, we discuss the evidence that FoxM1 affects the expression and function of a variety of genes that are critical to the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and self-renewal of cancer stem cells. We highlight the pivotal roles of the Wnt/β-catenin and FoxM1 signaling pathways in neural stem and progenitor cells and glioma stem cells. We also discuss the evidence for cross-talk between the β-catenin and FoxM1 signaling pathways in the regulation of the stemness and tumorigenicity of glioma stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Suyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C107585:FOXM1 protein, human; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C491524:Foxm1 protein, mouse; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin