title: New biologic-response modifiers in ocular inflammatory disease: beyond anti-TNF treatment.
abstract: Current treatment guidelines for chronic ocular inflammatory disease recommend the use of steroid-sparing agents. The development of conventional immunomodulatory agents has largely changed the visual outcome in these patients. However, disease refractory to these treatment modalities has led to the use of new biologic-response modifiers, agents that target specific components of the pathogenetic process. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanism of action, experimental evidence, side effects and current experience with the use of rituximab, daclizumab, abatacept, anakinra and IFN-α in ocular inflammatory disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dastiridou
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kalogeropoulos
authors.forename: Periklis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brazitikos
authors.forename: Chrysanthos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Symeonidis
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Androudi
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000009:adverse effects; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077561:Daclizumab; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000009:adverse effects; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069283:Rituximab; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069283:Rituximab; D000069594:Abatacept; D000077561:Daclizumab