title: Morphologic abnormalities in 2-year-old children born after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection with preimplantation genetic screening: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) on morphologic outcome in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (RCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-year-old children born to mothers who participated in an RCT on the efficacy of PGS: 50 children born after in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with PGS (intervention group; PGS+) and 72 children born after IVF/ICSI only (control group; PGS-). Sixty-six age-matched children conceived without any form of assisted reproduction were recruited separately in a local public health service center (reference group).
  
  
  METHODS
  PGS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body surface examination and anthropometry. The evaluation of morphologic abnormalities allowed assessment of children's phenotype in detail. Morphologic abnormalities were classified as major abnormalities (abnormal development in organogenesis, deformations, disruptions, or dysplasia) and minor anomalies (deviations in phenogenesis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of children with ≥ 1 major abnormality was 28% in the PGS+ and 35% in the PGS- group [difference -7%, 95% CI -23% to 10%]. The percentage of children with ≥ 1 minor anomaly was 64% in the PGS+ and 67% in the PGS- group [difference -3%, 95% CI -15% to 20%]. In the reference group 30% of the children had ≥ 1 major abnormality [95% CI 20% to 43%] and 74% had ≥ 1 minor anomaly [95% CI 62% to 84%].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No statistically significant differences were found in minor anomalies between children conceived after IVF/ICSI with or without PGS. There is < 2.5% chance of ≥ 10% more major abnormalities in children born after PGS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Fenny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beukers
authors.forename: Maaike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Heide
authors.forename: Karin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Middelburg
authors.forename: Jan Maarten
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cobben
authors.forename: Sebastiaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mastenbroek
authors.forename: Rinske
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Breur
authors.forename: Johanna H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van der Lee
authors.forename: Mijna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadders-Algra
authors.forename: Arend F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: Joke H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kok
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*