title: [Process optimization by central control of acute pain therapy: implementation of standardized treatment concepts and central pain management in hospitals].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this investigation was to describe the effects of standardization and central control of the processes involved in postoperative pain management from patient and employee perspectives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 282/307) and respective hospital staff (n = 149/119) evaluated the processes, the quality of postoperative pain management and result parameters 3 months before and 12 months after the introduction of standardization of the postoperative pain therapy process using a set of standardized questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain level and the waiting period for an analgesic partially decreased and a higher subjective effectiveness of medication was achieved in patients after the standardization. Patients felt that the pain was taken more seriously and contacted the staff for additional medication more frequently. From an employee viewpoint the quality of care and individual competence and ability to treat pain increased after the introduction of standardization. Pain assessment was improved and employees rated their knowledge and education level as higher than before the intervention. Patients with pre-existing chronic pain and patients with special regional therapy benefited only partially after the introduction and an increase in pain intensity was even observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quality of care was improved by standardization of the postoperative pain management. The legal and practical ability of the nursing stuff to administer pain medication within well-defined margins reduced the dependence on the ward doctor and at the same time patient pain levels. Patients received analgesics more quickly and experienced increased effectiveness. These results should be an incentive to reconsider the importance of the organization of postoperative pain management, because the quality of care with all potential medical and economic advantages, can be easily optimized by such simple mechanisms. They also show that the quality assessment of acute pain and the selection of appropriate indicators need further development.
authors.affiliation: Geschäftsfeld Schmerzmedizin, Zentrum Anaesthesiologie, Rettungs- und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland. joachim.erlenwein@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Erlenwein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stüder
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petzke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Przemeck
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000628:therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D018710:Pain Clinics / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D010361:Patients; D010564:Personnel, Hospital; D010820:Physicians; D058996:Quality Improvement; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult