title: Kinetics for ammonium ion removal using a three-dimensional electrode system.
abstract: Electrochemical oxidation of ammonium ions (NH(4)(+)) by using a three-dimensional electrode (TDE) composed of IrO(2)-Ta(2)O(5)/Ti anode and bamboo carbon was carried out in this paper. Experimental results reveal that the NH(4)(+) oxidation follows first-order kinetics at lower NH(4)(+) concentration and the rate constant is highly dependent on the applied current density, dosage of chlorine ions and initial NH(4)(+) concentration. In addition, increasing current density, more Cl(-) dosage and higher initial NH(4)(+) concentration are beneficial for NH(4)(+) removal. By inspecting the relation between rate constant and those operating factors, an overall empirical equation for estimation of the rate constant of NH(4)(+) oxidation is presented. The estimated model is in good agreement with the experimental results and it could also be used for accurate design of the TDE system.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu 221116, China.
authors.forename: Qicheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Yuemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lizhang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D007700:Kinetics; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical