title: Stability and bioaccessibility of different forms of carotenoids and vitamin A during in vitro digestion.
abstract: Vitamin A deficiency is a public health issue in developing countries and promoting dietary carotenoids as precursors is a promising strategy. However, carotenoids present in numerous fruits and vegetables are unstable and poorly bioaccessible. This study evaluated these two parameters during in vitro digestion of carotenoids and retinoids from carrot juice, raw and cooked spinach, micronutrient-fortified flour and standards without food matrix. Standards were unstable whereas vitamin A from fortified flour and native food carotenoids were generally better protected by the food matrix (30-100% remaining versus 7-30% for standards). Hydrothermal cooking did not influence spinach carotenoid digestive stability but decreased their contents, phenomenon compensated by a significantly better micellarisation from 15-fold for β-carotene to 72-fold for lutein. Finally, carrot juice provided the greatest amount of bioaccessible provitamin A with 1850 μg/100g dry matter (DM) versus 790 and 80 μg/100g DM in cooked and raw spinach, respectively.
authors.affiliation: IRD, UMR 204, IRD/Montpellier1/Montpellier2/SupAgro (NUTRIPASS), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Courraud
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cristol
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avallone
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003296:Cooking; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids