title: Cysteine-generated sulfide in the cytosol negatively regulates autophagy and modulates the transcriptional profile in Arabidopsis.
abstract: In Arabidopsis thaliana, DES1 is the only identified L-Cysteine desulfhydrase located in the cytosol, and it is involved in the degradation of cysteine and the concomitant production of H(2)S in this cell compartment. Detailed characterization of the T-DNA insertion mutants des1-1 and des1-2 has provided insight into the role of sulfide metabolically generated in the cytosol as a signaling molecule. Mutations of L-CYS DESULFHYDRASE 1 (DES1) impede H(2)S generation in the Arabidopsis cytosol and strongly affect plant metabolism. Senescence-associated vacuoles are detected in mesophyll protoplasts of des1 mutants. Additionally, DES1 deficiency promotes the accumulation and lipidation of the ATG8 protein, which is associated with the process of autophagy. The transcriptional profile of the des1-1 mutant corresponds to its premature senescence and autophagy-induction phenotypes, and restoring H(2)S generation has been shown to eliminate the phenotypic defects of des1 mutants. Moreover, sulfide is able to reverse ATG8 accumulation and lipidation, even in wild-type plants when autophagy is induced by carbon starvation, suggesting a general effect of sulfide on autophagy regulation that is unrelated to sulfur or nitrogen limitation stress. Our results suggest that cysteine-generated sulfide in the cytosol negatively regulates autophagy and modulates the transcriptional profile of Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Consolación
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: María Esther
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pérez-Pérez
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Luis C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gotor
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D003542:Cystathionine gamma-Lyase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058503:Mesophyll Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059467:Transcriptome; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002244:Carbon; D003542:Cystathionine gamma-Lyase; D003545:Cysteine; D009584:Nitrogen; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide