title: Protective effects of fluoxetine on decompression sickness in mice.
abstract: Massive bubble formation after diving can lead to decompression sickness (DCS) that can result in central nervous system disorders or even death. Bubbles alter the vascular endothelium and activate blood cells and inflammatory pathways, leading to a systemic pathophysiological process that promotes ischemic damage. Fluoxetine, a well-known antidepressant, is recognized as having anti-inflammatory properties at the systemic level, as well as in the setting of cerebral ischemia. We report a beneficial clinical effect associated with fluoxetine in experimental DCS. 91 mice were subjected to a simulated dive at 90 msw for 45 min before rapid decompression. The experimental group received 50 mg/kg of fluoxetine 18 hours before hyperbaric exposure (n = 46) while controls were not treated (n = 45). Clinical assessment took place over a period of 30 min after surfacing. At the end, blood samples were collected for blood cells counts and cytokine IL-6 detection. There were significantly fewer manifestations of DCS in the fluoxetine group than in the controls (43.5% versus 75.5%, respectively; p = 0.004). Survivors showed a better and significant neurological recovery with fluoxetine. Platelets and red cells were significantly decreased after decompression in controls but not in the treated mice. Fluoxetine reduced circulating IL-6, a relevant marker of systemic inflammation in DCS. We concluded that fluoxetine decreased the incidence of DCS and improved motor recovery, by limiting inflammation processes.
authors.affiliation: Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle. Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées - Toulon, Département Environnement Opérationnel, Unité Environnements Extrêmes, Toulon, France. je.blatteau@infonie.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Blatteau
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barre
authors.forename: Aurelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.forename: Jacques H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Abraini
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Risso
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vallee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010976:Platelet Count; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D005473:Fluoxetine