title: Non-invasive determination of cellular oxygen consumption as novel cytotoxicity assay for nanomaterials.
abstract: Investigating the safety of nanoparticles is essential for many fields of their applications, in particular for consumer products, food and medicines. The conventional dye and fluorescence-based cytotoxicity assays are limited by the interference of such readouts with nanomaterials. This holds in particular when nanomaterials have been fluorescently labelled for other purposes, for example, confocal microscopy. Moreover, most of these assays are invasive, that is, typically involve irreversible changes or destruction of cells and hence only allowing one endpoint measurement. Therefore, a non-invasive method for the detection of cytotoxicity was developed which is based on the automated online monitoring of the oxygen concentration in solution (SensorDish® Reader). Fluorescently labelled silica nanoparticles with different sizes and surface modifications were used as model systems to explore this novel assay. Thereby, the SensorDish® Reader allows a life documentation of the cellular behaviour and clarifies that size, time, concentration and surface modification of nanoparticles affect cellular viability.
authors.affiliation: Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neumeyer
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bukowski
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veith
authors.forename: Claus-Michael
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lehr
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Daum
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D003584:Cytological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000633:toxicity*; D017830:Octoxynol; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D017830:Octoxynol; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D010100:Oxygen