title: Discriminant validity of a new measure of self-efficacy for reaching movements after stroke-induced hemiparesis.
abstract: METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  After stroke, difficulties in motor control mediate spontaneous paretic arm use in real life. Along with the obvious motor impairments, self-efficacy has been shown to be an important modifier for physical function. However, a self-efficacy measure for arm reaching is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop such a measure and to examine its validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen participants with hemiparesis and ten control participants were recruited. A measure of reaching self-efficacy (RSE) was developed using a two-dimensional center-out target array.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the control group, RSE was significantly correlated with target distance (r = -0.657) and location (r = -0.545), respectively. Additionally, average RSE was lower for the non-dominant than the dominant hand (p < 0.001). More importantly, for the stroke group, RSE was significantly correlated with target distance (r = -0.603) and location (r = -0.378), respectively. Finally, average RSE was lower for the paretic than the non-paretic hand (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate robust discriminant validity for this new measure of reaching self-efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  3b.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. sychen@mail.cmu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Shuya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lewthwaite
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schweighofer
authors.forename: Carolee J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Winstein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001259:Ataxia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology