title: 10-Fold increase (2006-11) in the rate of healthy subjects with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli faecal carriage in a Parisian check-up centre.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2006, 0.6% of healthy subjects living in the Paris area had extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in their gut. To assess the evolution of this rate, a study identical to that of 2006 was conducted in 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy adults who visited the IPC check-up centre in February-March 2011 and agreed to participate, provided stools and answered a questionnaire on the visit day. Stools were analysed to detect ESBL producers and to isolate the dominant E. coli population. ESBLs were molecularly characterized. For the subjects harbouring ESBL-producing E. coli, the phylogenetic group and sequence type (ST) were determined for both ESBL-producing and dominant E. coli isolates. PFGE profiles were also determined when two types of isolates had the same ST.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 345 subjects included, 21 (6%) had ESBL-producing E. coli faecal carriage. None of the previously published risk factors was identified. CTX-M accounted for 86% and SHV-12 for 14%. Dominant and ESBL-producing E. coli were similarly distributed into phylogenetic groups (A, 52%-48%; B1, 5%; B2, 24%-14%; and D, 19%-33%). Dominant and ESBL-producing E. coli displayed a polyclonal structure (18 STs each). However, ST10 and ST131 were identified in dominant and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from different subjects. Most (20/21) ESBL producers were subdominant and belonged (16/21) to STs different from that of the corresponding dominant E. coli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 10-fold increase in the rate of healthy subjects with ESBL-producing E. coli faecal carriage over a 5 year period suggests wide dissemination of these isolates in the Parisian community.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Clichy, France. mhn.chanoine@bjn.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Marie-Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nicolas-Chanoine
authors.forename: Coraline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gruson
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bialek-Davenet
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thomas-Jean
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bert
authors.forename: Mati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moyat
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meiller
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marcon
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Danchin
authors.forename: Latifa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Noussair
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leflon-Guibout
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010297:Paris / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases