title: Endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: our experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the outcome of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with or without mucosal flap preservation, without mitomycin local application, silicon tube stenting or laser assistance. To determine the duration of the surgical procedure of DCR, influence of simultaneously performed endonasal endoscopic procedures for concomitant sinonasal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combined retrospective and prospective study in our tertiary referral center. 24 patients with chronic dacryocystitis underwent 25 standard endonasal endoscopic DCR procedures, 10 with and 15 without mucosal flap preservation. 6 of these had concomitant sinonasal diseases for which they underwent septoplasty or functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) or both, simultaneously or as staged procedures. Relief from epiphora and patency of the nasolacrimal fistula was assessed by nasal endoscopy and syringing of the lacrimal apparatus at 1 week, 3 weeks and 3 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 18 patients who underwent only DCR, 17 patients (94.44%) had complete relief from epiphora. Out of 6 patients who underwent 7 DCRs with concomitant sinonasal surgery, 5 patients (85.71%) had complete relief from epiphora. Overall 23 out of 25 DCRs (92%) had complete relief. In 15 of the 25 procedures, mucosal flap was excised completely. In remaining 10 procedures, flap was trimmed, repositioned to cover exposed bone around the newly created nasolacrimal fistula. In either situation, only one patient each had partial block of the nasolacrimal fistula. Average duration of the surgical procedure of DCR was 18 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endonasal endoscopic DCR is a viable alternative to external DCR, co-existing sinonasal diseases can be managed simultaneously, as may be required in 25% of cases. It can be performed under 20 min without mucosal flap preservation, mitomycin local application, silicon tube stenting or laser assistance and can still provide a good success rate (92%) with less complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, 576 104 Karnataka India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deviprasad
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Mahesh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pujary
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mallick
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jain
keywords: DCR; Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy; Epiphora; Mucosal flap