title: Ultrasound Characteristics of Patients with Urinary Stress Incontinence with or without Genital Prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study purpose was to evaluate the clinical and ultrasound characteristics of women with urinary stress incontinence (USI) with or without genital prolapse (GP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 268 patients who underwent ultrasound perineal evaluation were divided into two groups: isolated USI (n=132) and USIGP (n=136) with USI/GP stage I/II. The latter group was additionally divided into two subgroups: USIGP(A) (n=78) with USI/GP stage I and USIGP(B) (n=58) with USI/GP stage II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Point Aa (pelvic organ prolapse quantification system), which is the projection of the bladder neck (BN) on the anterior vaginal wall, was situated higher in the rest position (RP) but moved lower during a Valsalva maneuver (VM) in the USI group than in the USIGP group (p<0.05). The ultrasound parameters α-angle and the distance Sy-BN (symphisis-bladder neck) decreased, whereas distance H increased, in the USIGP group during VM. The ultrasound parameters that gave the best insight into the range of BN movements were as follows: distance R→V and angle of rotation (ρ), which were significantly higher in the USI group than in the USIGP group during VM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the clinical and ultrasound findings, we can conclude that the BN is situated higher during the RP but moved lower during a VM in patients with isolated USI compared with those with concomitant USI/GP, which could be explained by the cystocele-immobilizing effect on the BN during the VM in the latter group but also by the deteriorated pubo-urethral ligaments in the former group.
authors.affiliation: Department for Urogynaecology and Pelvic Floor Disorders, University Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, University "Saint Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, Europe.
authors.forename: Vesna S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Antovska
keywords: POP-Q; Pelvic organ prolapsed; Ultrasonography; Urinary incontinence stress