title: Determination of urine tumor necrosis factor, IL-6, IL-8, and serum IL-6 in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was used to determine serum interleukin (IL)-6, urine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, and IL-8 levels in 56 patients with HFRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum IL-6, urine TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations in HFRS patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.001). The concentrations increased at fever stage, then continued to increase during the hypotension stage and peaked at the oliguria stage. The concentrations of serum IL-6, urine TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 increased according to the severity of the disease, and differed greatly among different types of the disease. Serum IL-6 had remarkable relationships with serum specific antibodies. It was positively related to serum β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr). Significant positive relationships were also found both between urine IL-6 and TNF, and between IL-6 and IL-8 (r=0.5768, p<0.05; r=0.3760, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 were activated during the course of the disease. IL-6 was associated with the immunopathological lesions caused by the hyperfunction of the humoral immune response. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF were involved in renal immune impairment. Determining them might, to a certain extent, be useful in predicting the prognosis and outcome of patients with HFRS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. wanhufan@126.com
authors.forename: Wanhu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jinsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006480:Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha