title: Footfall placement variability and falls in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Gait variability (i.e., fluctuations in walking) provides unique information about the control of movement and is associated with falls. This investigation examined the association between gait variability and falls in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls. Traditional distributional metrics of gait variability (i.e., coefficient of variation (CV)) and a novel metric based on Fourier series analysis of footfall placement variability were determined for 41 individuals with MS and 20 age- and sex-matched controls. Spatiotemporal parameters of gait were collected using a 7.9 m electronic walkway that recorded individual footfalls during steady state comfortable walking. Persons with MS were divided into two groups based on fall history (non-fallers and recurrent fallers). Overall, persons with MS had greater gait variability than controls as indexed by CV and Fourier-based variability (p's < 0.05). Moreover, recurrent fallers with MS had greater Fourier-based variability than non-fallers with MS (p = 0.025), whereas there was no difference in MS groups in traditional gait variability metrics (p > 0.05). These observations highlight that footfall placement variability is related to fall status in MS. Future work determining the sensitivity of footfall placement variability to dysfunction is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Socie
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Sandroff
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pula
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Hsiao-Wecksler
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Motl
authors.forename: Jacob J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sosnoff
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005684:Gait; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011312:Pressure; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology