title: Adaptation and validation of the Cambridge pulmonary hypertension outcome review for Sweden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Cambridge pulmonary hypertension outcome review (CAMPHOR) is the first pulmonary hypertension-specific instrument for the assessment of the patient's perceived symptoms, activity limitations and quality of life (QoL).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To produce and validate a Swedish language version of the CAMPHOR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilingual (n = 5) and lay panels (n = 5) were conducted to translate the CAMPHOR into Swedish. This new questionnaire was then field-tested with 14 patients and finally, it underwent psychometric evaluation by means of a postal validation study involving 38 patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Few problems were experienced in translating the CAMPHOR into Swedish. The field-test participants found the scales relevant, comprehensible and easy to complete. Psychometric analyses showed that the Swedish adaptation was successful. The Swedish CAMPHOR scales had good internal consistency. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.92 for the symptoms scale, 0.92 for activity limitations and 0.95 for the quality of life. Predicted correlations with the Nottingham Health Profile provided evidence of the construct validity of the scales. The Swedish scales also indicated known groups validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Swedish version of the CAMPHOR is a reliable and valid measure of the impact of pulmonary hypertension on the lives of affected patients. It is recommended for use in clinical studies and routine practice in pulmonary hypertension patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. nedim.selimovic@vgregion.se
authors.forename: Nedim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Selimovic
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rundqvist
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kjörk
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viriden
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Twiss
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McKenna
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult