title: Smokeless tobacco cessation in South Asian communities: a multi-centre prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate smokeless tobacco cessation in communities of South Asian origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-centre prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three tobacco cessation services offering specialist smokeless tobacco cessation outreach clinic support to South Asians (Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani) resident in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 239 South Asian participants seeking to stop smokeless tobacco use between November 2010 and December 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Socio-demographics, tobacco use and dependence, self-reported abstinence at 4 weeks and satisfaction measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants' mean age was 45 [standard deviation (SD) = 13] years, were predominantly female (76%), of Bangladeshi origin (74%), either home carers (53%) or not working (29%). Sixty-three per cent were recruited from community locations, 21% through a clinical contact and 16% through friends and family. Mean daily number of smokeless tobacco intakes was 10 (SD = 7) and the mean dependence score was 4.5 (SD = 1.9). Sixty-three per cent of participants achieved continuous abstinence 4 weeks after quitting. Using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) versus not using it [OR = 3.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 9.62] and below median (≤ 8) daily smokeless tobacco intakes (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.40) predicted successful abstinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  South Asian smokeless tobacco users resident in England accessing services to help them stop appear to have short-term success rates comparable with smokers attending stop-smoking services, with higher success rates being reported by those using nicotine replacement therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. r.e.croucher@qmul.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Croucher
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanbhag
authors.forename: Manu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kassim
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Csikar
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods; D044466:Asian People; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000208:ethnology; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine