title: Medial rectus Faden operations with or without recession for partially accommodative esotropia associated with a high accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of Faden operations on the medial rectus (MR) muscles with or without recession for the treatment of partially accommodative esotropia associated with a high accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC : A) ratio and to determine whether there was a decrease in the effects of posterior fixation over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, 108 of 473 patients who underwent surgery for partially accommodative esotropia with a high AC : A ratio received Faden operations on both MR muscles, and 365 received symmetric MR muscle recessions combined with a Faden operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the Faden operation, a satisfactory outcome of 76.9% at 1 month postoperation, decreased to 71.3% by the final follow-up visit (mean 4.8 years). A moderate positive correlation was observed between the increase in the postoperative near deviation and postoperative time. For the Faden operations combined with MR recession, a satisfactory outcome of 78.9% at 1 month post-operation, decreased to 78.4% by the final follow-up visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A Faden operation of the MR muscles with or without recession is an effective surgical option for treating partially accommodative esotropia associated with a high AC : A ratio. For Faden operations of the MR muscles without recession, the effects of the posterior fixation decline over time.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Department, Professor Dr N Reşat Belger Beyoglu Education and Research Eye Hospital, Acibadem Cad, Yurtsever Sok., Alsancak sitesi, E Blk, Da:19 Acibadem/Kadikoy/Istanbul, Turkey. akarserpil@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Serpil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akar
authors.forename: Birsen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gokyigit
authors.forename: Nihat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sayin
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demirok
authors.forename: Omer Faruk
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012590:Sclera / Q000601:surgery; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology