title: Toona sinensis and its major bioactive compound gallic acid inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in nuclear factor-κB transgenic mice as evaluated by in vivo bioluminescence imaging.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of a nutritious vegetable Toona sinensis (leaf extracts, TS) and its major bioactive compound gallic acid (GA) by analysing LPS-induced NF-κB activation in transgenic mice, using bioluminescence imaging. Mice were challenged intraperitoneally with LPS (1mg/kg) and treated orally with TS or GA (100 or 5mg/kg, respectively). In vivo and ex vivo imaging showed that LPS increased NF-κB luminescence in the abdominal region, which was significantly inhibited by TS or GA. Immunohistochemical and ELISA analyses confirmed that TS and GA inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB, interleukin-1β, and tumour necrosis factor-α expression. Microarray analysis revealed that biological pathways associated with metabolism and the immune responses were affected by TS or GA. Particularly, LPS-induced thioredoxin-like 4B (TXNL4B) 2 expression in the small intestine, and TXNL4B, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cells were significantly inhibited by TS or GA. Thus, the anti-inflammatory potential of TS was mediated by the downregulation of NF-κB pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsiang
authors.forename: You-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hseu
authors.forename: Yi-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: K J Senthil
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Tin-Yun
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Hsin-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005707:Gallic Acid