title: Botanical medicines used for kidney disease in the United States.
abstract: Herbal medicines are being used with greater frequency by practitioners of natural medicine in the United States. Many categories of herbs are used, primarily angiotensin antagonists, nonspecific nephroprotective, and immunomodulating/adaptogenic herbs. The most common herbs in each category are discussed both from a historical and scientific perspective. For the first time, a case series of the use of the proposed herbal angiotensin antagonist herb indigenous to the United States, Lespedeza capitata, is reported based on the author's clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA, USA. eyarnell@bastyr.edu
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Yarnell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012076:Renal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D028321:Plant Preparations; D012076:Renal Agents