title: Brain magnetic resonance imaging and motor and intellectual functioning in 86 patients born at term with spastic diplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns and motor function, epileptic episodes, and IQ or developmental quotient in patients born at term with spastic diplegia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six patients born at term with cerebral palsy (CP) and spastic diplegia (54 males, 32 females; median age 20 y, range 7-42 y) among 829 patients with CP underwent brain MRI between 1990 and 2008. The MRI and clinical findings were analysed retrospectively. Intellectual disability was classified according to the Enjoji developmental test or the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (3rd edition).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median ages at diagnosis of CP, assignment of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, cognitive assessment, and MRI were 2 years (range 5 mo-8 y), 6 years (2 y 8 mo-19 y), 6 years (1 y 4 mo-19 y), and 7 years (10 mo-30 y) respectively. MRI included normal findings (41.9%), periventricular leukomalacia, hypomyelination, and porencephaly/periventricular venous infarction. The frequency of patients in GMFCS levels III to V and intellectual disability did not differ between those with normal and abnormal MRI findings. Patients with normal MRI findings had significantly fewer epileptic episodes than those with abnormal ones (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Varied MRI findings, as well as the presence of severe motor dysfunction and intellectual disability (despite normal MRI), suggest that patients born at term with spastic diplegia had heterogeneous and unidentified pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai.|Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai.
authors.forename: Yurika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Numata
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nishitaga National Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai.|Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sato-Shirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakusawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kure
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haginoya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*