title: Antiproliferative, proapoptotic and morphogenic effects of the flavonoid rutin on human glioblastoma cells.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the effects of the flavonoid rutin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rutinoside) on glioma cells, using the highly proliferative human cell line GL-15 as a model. We observed that rutin (50-100μM) reduced proliferation and viability of GL-15 cells, leading to decreased levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation (P-ERK1/2) and accumulation of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. On the other hand, 87.4% of GL-15 cells exposed to 100μM rutin entered apoptosis, as revealed by flow cytometry after AnnexinV/PI staining. Nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation were also observed, further confirming that apoptosis had occurred. Moreover, the remaining cells that were treated with 50μM rutin presented a morphological pattern of astroglial differentiation in culture, characterised by a condensed cell body and thin processes with overexpression of GFAP. Because of its capacity to induce differentiation and apoptosis in cultured human glioblastoma cells, rutin could be considered as a potential candidate for malignant gliomas treatment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, 40110-100 Salvador-BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: B P S
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Pitanga
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Grangeiro
authors.forename: B O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Fragomeni
authors.forename: P L C
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Menezes-Filho
authors.forename: M F D
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: El-Bachá
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Velozo
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tardy
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Costa