title: Cytotoxicity and proliferative effects of Iodoform-containing root canal-filling material on RAW 264.7 macrophage and RKO epithelial cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the effect of the Iodoform-containing root canal filling material on the viability of cultured macrophages and epithelial cells, and on cytokine secretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of Endoflas F.S. on the proliferation of a RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and on a RKO epithelial cell line, and on the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) from macrophages was examined. Cell vitality was evaluated using a colourimetric XTT (sodium 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium inner salt) assay. The presence of cytokines was determined by two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Direct exposure of Endoflas F.S. and its media, up to a dilution of 1/8, decreased the viability of macrophages and epithelial cells by ∼70% compared to control media (P<0.05). Media dilution from 1/16 to 1/1024 demonstrated a proliferative effect, increasing cell viability by about 60% compared to media without Iodoform-containing root canal filling material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct and indirect exposure to high concentrations of iodoform-containing root canal filling material showed a cytotoxic effect on macrophages and epithelial cells, while low concentrations induced cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Israel.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Petel
authors.forename: Moti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moskovitz
authors.forename: Nili
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tickotsky
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halabi
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Houri-Haddad
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D001466:Barium Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003124:Colorimetry; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000502:physiology; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004338:Drug Combinations; C098568:Endoflas F.S.; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide; D001466:Barium Sulfate