title: Cationised gelatin and hyaluronic acid coating enhances polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligament graft osseointegration in porcine bone tunnels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether cationised gelatin and hyaluronic acid (CH) coating could induce polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligament graft osseointegration in the bone tunnel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface modification of PET artificial ligament graft was performed by layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly CH coating. Six pigs underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction on the right knees, with three pigs receiving the CH-coated PET grafts and the other three pigs non-CH-coated PET grafts as controls. They were sacrificed at three months after surgery and the graft-bone complexes were acquired for computed tomography (CT) scan and histological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT scans showed a significant difference at the distal femoral site (p = 0.031) or at the distal tibial site (p = 0.0078), but no significant difference in the bone tunnel areas' enlargement at other sites (p > 0.05) between the CH group and the control group. Histologically, application of CH coating induced new bone formation between graft and bone at three months compared with the controls at the distal site. The interface width of the CH group was significantly lower than that of the control group at the distal femoral site (p = 0.0327) and at the distal tibial site (p = 0.0047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study has shown that CH coating on the PET artificial ligament surface has a positive biological effect in the induction of artificial ligament osseointegration within the bone tunnel at the distal site of the bone tunnel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, No 12, Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Samson
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hongyue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Shiyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D001187:Artificial Organs; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008022:Ligaments / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D013552:Swine; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D005780:Gelatin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid