title: Quantitative evaluation of extraocular muscle with high-field magnetic resonance in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy with upper-lid retraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of high-field magnetic resonance in measuring the thickness and width of extraocular muscles, calculate the ratio of thickness to width, and summarize the characters of the diameters and its ratio in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) with upper-lid retraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen GO patients with upper-lid retraction (GO group) and 14 healthy control group were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent enhanced high-field magnetic resonance orbital scan. The thickness and width of extraocular muscles were measured on axial, coronal or oblique sagittal enhanced T1 weighted images. The ratio of thickness to width (R1) and width to thickness (R2) were calculated. The diameters or ratio was evaluated as enlarged when they were 2 standard deviation greater than mean values of extraocular muscle in healthy control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The thickness of levator palpebrae superioris, medial rectus, and inferior rectus muscles in GO group were significantly larger than those in the control group (P=0.000, P=0.017, P=0.032, respectively. The width of superior oblique muscles in GO group was significantly larger than that in control group (P=0.000). The R1 values of levator palpebrae superioris, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and lateral rectus muscles in GO group were significant larger than those in the control group (P=0.000,P=0.037, P=0.019,P=0.032, respectively. The R2 value of superior oblique muscles was significant larger than that in the control group (P=0.027). Aslo in GO group, 32 extraocular muscles showed an increased thickness. 47% of thickened extraocular muscles had an increased R1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced orbit imaging with high-field magnetic resonance is helpful in the quantitative assessment of the thickness and width of extraocular muscles. In GO patients, in addition to the levator palpebrae superioris muscles, some other extraocular muscles also becomes thicker. Moreover, the increased diameters of superior oblique muscles is mainly due to the increase of its width R1 and R2 values can reflect the thickness and width of extraocular muscles and their relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, PUMC Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zheng-yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Zhu-hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dong-dong
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hong-ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Zhao-yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology*