title: Activation of the SNF2 family ATPase ALC1 by poly(ADP-ribose) in a stable ALC1·PARP1·nucleosome intermediate.
abstract: The human ALC1/CHD1L oncogene encodes an SNF2 family ATPase with a macrodomain that binds poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). We and others previously showed that ALC1 possesses a cryptic ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling activity that is potently activated in the presence of PARP1 and NAD(+), its substrate for PAR synthesis. In this work, we dissected the mechanism by which PARP1 and NAD(+) activate ALC1 nucleosome remodeling. We demonstrate that ALC1 activation depends on the formation of a stable ALC1·PARylated PARP1·nucleosome intermediate. In addition, by exploiting a novel PAR footprinting assay, we obtained evidence that the ALC1 macrodomain remains stably associated with PAR on autoPARylated PARP1 during the course of nucleosome remodeling reactions. Taken together, our findings are consistent with the model that PAR present on PARylated PARP1 acts as an allosteric effector of ALC1 nucleosome remodeling activity.
authors.affiliation: Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.forename: Rushi D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Joan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Conaway
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Conaway
mesh_terms: D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000502:physiology*; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D009243:NAD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009707:Nucleosomes; D009243:NAD; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D004265:DNA Helicases; C543585:CHD1L protein, human