title: Comparison of lateral window and osteotome techniques in sinus augmentation: histological and histomorphometric evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the lateral window and osteotome techniques for sinus lifting using histological and histomorphometric methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this clinical trial 10 patients (a total number of 14 sinus areas) who needed implant treatment in the atrophic posterior maxilla were enrolled. In all the cases the residual bone height between the sinus floor and the alveolar crest was less than 5 mm. Sinus augmentation was performed. The treatment modality for a given residual bone height was selected randomly and Bio-Oss was applied in all the cases as the graft material. After a healing period of about 10 months, in all the cases, the implants were placed and biopsies of alveolar crestal bone were obtained at the same time; biopsy specimens were evaluated using histological and histomorphometric methods. Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare distribution of variables in the two groups. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The new bone was located in direct contact with the biomaterial without any gaps. This viable bone consisted of lacunae containing osteocytes. Infiltration of inflammatory cells did not exhibit any significant differences between the two techniques. Foreign body reaction was not observed in any cases. Histomorphometric evaluations demonstrated that The mean values of the new bone in the lateral window and osteotome techniques were 30±6.0 and 25.2±5.2, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups.. Moreover, the average quantity of residual biomaterial and connective tissue were similar for the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nature and the volume of the new bone in lateral window and osteotome techniques were the same.
authors.affiliation: Associated Professor, Department of Periodontics, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, Member of dental implant research center, Tehran university of medical sciences.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Esfahanizadeh
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rokn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paknejad
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Motahari
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daneshparvar
authors.forename: Ar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamshiri
keywords: Lateral Window Technique; Osteotome; Sinus Augmentation