title: Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate via ozonation under alkaline condition.
abstract: The elimination of recalcitrant, ubiquitous perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is desirable for reducing potential human health and environmental risks. We here report the degradation of PFOA and PFOS by 85-100% via ozonation under alkaline condition being studied at environmentally relevant contaminant concentrations of 50 μg L(-1) to 5 mg L(-1), with enhanced removal rates by addition of hydrogen peroxide. Enhanced removal is achieved by ozonation pretreatment for 15 min at the ambient pH (i.e. 4-5), followed by elevation of pH to 11 and continued ozonation treatment for 4h. The ozonation pretreatment resulted in increased degradation of PFOA by 56% and PFOS by 42%. The results indicated hydroxyl radical-driven degradation of PFOA and PFOS in both treatments by ozone and peroxone under alkaline conditions. Wastewaters from electronics and semiconductor fabrication plants in the Science Park of Hsinchu city, Taiwan containing PFOA and PFOS have been readily treated by ozonation under alkaline condition. Treatment of PFAAs by ozone or peroxone proves to be efficient in terms of energy requirement, contact time, and removal rate.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan. yuchenlin@ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Angela Yu-Chen
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Sri Chandana
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Panchangam
authors.forename: Cheng-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: P K Andy
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Han-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hsueh
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002210:Caprylates / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002384:Catalysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D010777:Photochemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010126:Ozone; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide