title: The impact of temperature and pump flow rate during selective cerebral perfusion on regional blood flow in piglets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ideal temperature and flow rate for selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) are not known. We examined regional organ perfusion in a piglet SCP model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups underwent SCP at 30 mL/kg/min at different temperatures (15°C, 25°C, and 32°C) and 4 groups remained at 25°C for SCP at different flow rates (10, 30, 50 and 75 mL/kg/min). Fluorescent microspheres were injected at 5 minutes of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), immediately before SCP, SCP 45 minutes, SCP 90 minutes, and 2 hours after CPB. Brain and lower body organs were collected to examine regional blood flow (RBF, mL/min/g).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 hours after CPB, RBF of the 32°C group was higher than that of the 15°C group (P < .05) at the caudate nucleus and hippocampus; RBF of the 32°C group was higher than that of the 25°C and 15°C groups (P < .05) at the neocortex. No significant difference in RBF was observed among any of the 25°C groups at different flow rates. Also, there was no significant difference between the RBF to the left and right sides of brain in either the temperature or flow rate groups. RBF did significantly increase with temperature in the liver and quadriceps during SCP (P < .05). At the kidney, RBF at SCP 90 minutes was significantly higher than that at SCP 45 minutes when all temperature groups were combined (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCP at 32°C provides higher brain RBF 2 hours after CPB. Increasing SCP flow rate does not increase RBF significantly at 25°C. Higher temperature during SCP results in improved RBF to the liver and quadriceps.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex 75235, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ginther
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riegel
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Mahesh S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Kristine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Guleserian
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Forbess
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008863:Microspheres; D023421:Models, Animal; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000098:blood supply; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes