title: Flow cytometric analysis of in vitro cytotoxicity of cadmium in haemocytes from the tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon.
abstract: This study investigated the toxic effects of cadmium on viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and non-specific esterase activity of Penaeus monodon haemocytes in vitro, using a flow cytometric assay. After 6 h in vitro exposure with 10(-9)-10(-3) M Cd(2+), cell viability, ROS production and esterase activity of haemocytes from P. monodon were determined. Results showed that at the lowest exposures (10(-9)-10(-6 )M), Cd(2+) induced no effect on cell viability, ROS production and esterase activity. At a higher level (10(-5) M) of exposure, production of ROS was stimulated while Cd(2+) had no effect on cell viability and esterase activity. At the two highest concentrations (10(-4) and 10(-3) M), Cd(2+) caused increased ROS production, cell death and inhibited esterase activity. These results showed a relationship between Cd(2+) exposure dose and its cytotoxicity on shrimp haemocytes. Cadmium was cytotoxic and immunotoxic for P. monodon haemocytes in vitro when the dose reached 10(-4) M. The study also suggested that flow cytometry could be used as a tool for cytotoxic research of aquatic contamination on shrimp.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-An
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.forename: An-Li
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D004950:Esterases