title: Interaction of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic, ofloxacin, with titanium oxide nanoparticles in water: adsorption and breakdown.
abstract: The mobility and fate of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in natural waters, soil-water systems and wastewater are controlled in part by surface interactions with nanometer (10⁻⁹ m) metal oxide particles. Experiments were performed by mixing solutions of ofloxacin (OFL), a common, fluoroquinolone-class human and veterinary antibiotic, with 25 nm-TiO₂ (anatase) nanoparticles at different pH conditions. Both sorption and degradation of OFL were observed in the drug-nanoparticle solutions with initial OFL concentrations of ~3 to 690 μM. Though overall isotherm behavior is logarithmic, OFL removal from the solution can be approximated by linear removal coefficients (K(r)). At pH 4, K(r)=42±8 L kg⁻¹, at pH 6 K(r)=1288±217 L kg⁻¹, and at pH 9 K(r)=26±7 L kg⁻¹. Rinsing of substrates at pH 4 resulted in desorption of approximately 11% of the original OFL removed from the solution by TiO₂ nanoparticles. Less than 1% of the removed OFL at pH 6 was recovered by rinsing the substrate; and, at pH 9 about 39% of the OFL removed by nanoparticles during the initial mixing experiment was desorbed during rinsing. Mass spectral analysis of OFL solutions after the removal of the solid nanoparticles yielded ions that indicate the presence of de-methylated and de-carboxylated fluoroquinolone species, resulting from the degradation of OFL at the TiO₂ surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological & Environmental Sciences, Hope College, P.O. Box 9000, Holland, MI 49422-9000, USA.
authors.forename: Emily M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Van Wieren
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D015242:Ofloxacin; D014025:Titanium