title: Effects of protein restriction during gestation and lactation on cell proliferation in the hippocampus and subventricular zone: functional implications. Protein restriction alters hippocampal/SVZ cell proliferation.
abstract: There is no consensus about the effects of protein restriction on neurogenesis and behavior. Here, for the first time, we evaluated the effects of protein restriction during gestation and lactation, on the two major neurogenic regions of the adult brain, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), simultaneously. We also assessed different types of behavior relevant to each region. After mating, pregnant Wistar rats were divided into a control group (CG) that received a normal diet (20% protein); and a protein-restriction group (PRG) that received a low-protein diet (8% protein). After birth, the same diets were provided to the mother and pups until weaning, when some rats were analyzed and others received a normal-protein diet until adulthood. Different sets of rats were used for cellular and behavioral studies in juvenile or adult age. Brains were processed for immunohistochemistry anti-BrdU, anti-Ki67, or anti-pHisH3. Juvenile and adult rats from distinct litters also underwent several behavioral tests. Our data show that early protein restriction results in a reduction of hippocampal progenitors and deficits in object recognition during adult life. Moreover, longer periods of immobility in the tail suspension and in the forced swimming tests revealed that PRG rats show a depressive behavior at 21 days of age (P21) and in adulthood. Furthermore, we suggest that despite the reduced number/proliferation of neural stem cells (B and/or E cells) in SVZ there is a compensatory mechanism in which the progenitors (types C and A cells) proliferate in a higher rate, without affecting olfactory ability in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Araya de
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.forename: Amanda Santos de
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Mônica Alves
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: Omar Vidal Kress
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Marcelo Ribeiro
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Baldanza
authors.forename: Tatiana Przybylski Ribeiro
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Magri
authors.forename: João Pedro Saar
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wernerck de Castro
authors.forename: Maria das Graças
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: Tavares do Carmo
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soares-Mota
authors.forename: Monica Santos
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mendez-Otero
authors.forename: Marcelo Felippe
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Santiago
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension / Q000379:methods; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine