title: Bioequivalence study of two formulations of bisoprolol fumarate film-coated tablets in healthy subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was conducted to compare the bioavailability of two bisoprolol fumarate 5 mg film-coated tablet formulations (test and reference formulations).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a randomized, single-blind, two-period, two-sequence crossover study that included 18 healthy adult male and female subjects under fasting condition. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined based on the concentrations of bisoprolol (CAS 66722-44-9), using ultraperformance liquid chromatography with a tandem mass spectrometer detector. In each of the two study periods (separated by a washout of 1 week) a single dose of test or reference product was administered. The pharmacokinetic parameters assessed were area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 48 hours (AUC(t)), AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC(inf)), the peak plasma concentration of the drug (C(max)), time needed to achieve C(max) (t(max)), and the elimination half-life (t(1/2)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) of the test drug/reference drug for bisoprolol were 101.61% (96.14%-107.38%) for AUC(t), 101.31% (95.66%-107.29%) for AUC(inf), and 100.28% (93.90%-107.09%) for C(max). The differences between the test and reference drug products for bisoprolol t(max) and t(1/2) values were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no adverse event encountered during this bioequivalence test. The 90% confidence intervals of the test/reference AUC ratio and C(max) ratio of bisoprolol were within the acceptance range for bioequivalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that the two bisoprolol film-coated tablet formulations (the test and reference products) were bioequivalent in terms of the rate and extent of absorption.
authors.affiliation: Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences (DLBS), Cikarang, Indonesia. raymond@dexa-medica.com
authors.forename: Raymond R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Tjandrawinata
authors.forename: Effi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Setiawati
authors.forename: Danang Agung
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Yunaidi
authors.forename: Iwan Dwi
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Santoso
authors.forename: Arini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Setiawati
authors.forename: Liana W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Susanto
mesh_terms: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D017298:Bisoprolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013607:Tablets; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D013607:Tablets; D017298:Bisoprolol
keywords: antihypertension; bioavailability; bioequivalence; bisoprolol; pharmacokinetics; β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist