title: Suprabasin is hypomethylated and associated with metastasis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer, accounting for only 1% of all head and neck malignancies. ACC is well known for perineural invasion and distant metastasis, but its underlying molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis are still unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we show that a novel oncogenic candidate, suprabasin (SBSN), plays important roles in maintaining the anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent cell proliferation in ACC by using SBSN shRNA stably transfected ACC cell line clones. SBSN is also important in maintaining the invasive/metastatic capability in ACC by Matrigel invasion assay. More interestingly, SBSN transcription is significantly upregulated by DNA demethylation induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine plus trichostatin A treatment and the DNA methylation levels of the SBSN CpG island located in the second intron were validated to be significantly hypomethylated in primary ACC samples versus normal salivary gland tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results support SBSN as novel oncogene candidate in ACC, and the methylation changes could be a promising biomarker for ACC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Chunbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Marietta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Weiliang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Daria A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gaykalova
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Ami R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vikani
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Myoung Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Westra
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sidransky
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Califano
authors.forename: Patrick K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C579316:SBSN protein, human