title: Genetic and protein markers related to laryngeal epithelial precursor lesions and their neoplastic progression.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Various biomarkers might ultimately prove to have prognostic value and could be clinically relevant. It is mandatory confirm the prognostic power of these markers in large, well-designed, and prospective studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of specific genes and proteins in laryngeal tumorigenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genetic analysis by multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification and analysis of protein expression by immunohistochemistry were carried out in a series of 50 tissue samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the smoker normal mucosa group TP53 loss was predominant, whereas in the epithelial precursor lesions (EPLs) CDKN2A loss and BCL2L1 gain were most frequent. EPL with progression presented CTNNB1 loss. Positivity at cytoplasm for β-catenin, cyclin D1 and p53 was detected in all EPL cases with progression to invasive carcinoma. Multivariate analysis showed that expression of β-catenin and loss of CTTNB1 were associated with laryngeal cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Álvarez-Marcos
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alonso-Guervós
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hermsen
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Llorente
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000473:pathology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D051176:beta Catenin; D019938:Cyclin D1