title: Evaluation of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS(®)) Spanish-language physical functioning items.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the equivalence of the PROMIS(®) physical functioning item bank by language of administration (English versus Spanish).
  
  
  METHODS
  The PROMIS(®) wave 1 English-language physical functioning bank consists of 124 items, and 114 of these were translated into Spanish.
  
  
  METHODS
  Item frequencies, means and standard deviations, item-scale correlations, and internal consistency reliability were calculated. The IRT assumption of unidimensionality was evaluated by fitting a single-factor confirmatory factor analytic model. IRT threshold and discrimination parameters were estimated using Samejima's Graded Response Model. DIF by language of administration was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Item means ranged from 2.53 (SD = 1.36) to 4.62 (SD = 0.82). Coefficient alpha was 0.99, and item-rest correlations ranged from 0.41 to 0.89. A one-factor model fits the data well (CFI = 0.971, TLI = 0.970, and RMSEA = 0.052). The slope parameters ranged from 0.45 ("Are you able to run 10 miles?") to 4.50 ("Are you able to put on a shirt or blouse?"). The threshold parameters ranged from -1.92 ("How much do physical health problems now limit your usual physical activities (such as walking or climbing stairs)?") to 6.06 ("Are you able to run 10 miles?"). Fifty of the 114 items were flagged for DIF based on an R(2) of 0.02 or above criterion. The expected total score was higher for Spanish- than English-language respondents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  English- and Spanish-speaking subjects with the same level of underlying physical function responded differently to 50 of 114 items. This study has important implications in the study of physical functioning among diverse populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 911 Broxton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736, USA. shpaz@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Sylvia H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Spritzer
authors.forename: Leo S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Ron D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hays
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007256:Information Systems; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult