title: Sonographic weight estimation in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of sonographic weight estimation (WE) for fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and to assess whether certain sonographic models perform better than others in cases of CDH.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective, multicenter cohort study, the accuracy of WE in fetuses with CDH (n = 172) was evaluated using eight sonographic models and was compared with a control group of fetuses without malformations (n = 172). Each fetus underwent ultrasound examination with complete biometric parameters within 7 days of delivery. The accuracy of the different formulas was compared using means of percentage errors (MPE), medians of absolute percentage errors (MAPE), and proportions of estimates within 10 % of actual birth weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetuses with CDH had a significantly lower abdominal circumference (AC) in comparison with the control group (293.6 vs. 312.0 mm, p < 0.001). All of the formulas tested in fetuses with CDH, except for the Siemer equation (the only model that does not incorporate any abdominal measurements), showed significantly lower (more negative) MPEs, larger MAPEs, and smaller proportions of estimates within 10 % of actual birth weight in comparison with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accuracy of sonographic WE in fetuses with CDH is significantly poorer than in fetuses without malformations, principally because of a larger systematic error due to artificially small AC measurements. The development of new, specific models derived from fetuses with CDH could improve the accuracy of WE for infants with this condition.
authors.affiliation: Geburtshilfe und Pränatalmedizin, Universitätsfrauenklinik Erlangen.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faschingbauer
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Geburtshilfe und Pränatale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geipel
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Geburtshilfe und Pränatale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gembruch
authors.affiliation: Geburtshilfe und Pränatalmedizin, Universitätsfrauenklinik Erlangen.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.affiliation: Geburtshilfe und Pränatalmedizin, Universitätsfrauenklinik Erlangen.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dammer
authors.affiliation: Geburtshilfe und Pränatalmedizin, Universitätsfrauenklinik Erlangen.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Diakonie Hospitals, Hannover.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.affiliation: Frauenklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kehl
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.affiliation: Frauenklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siemer
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020567:Fetal Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008099:Liver / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*