title: The effectiveness of simulation activities on the cognitive abilities of undergraduate third-year nursing students: a randomised control trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide evidence on the effectiveness of simulation activities on the clinical decision-making abilities of undergraduate nursing students. Based on previous research, it was hypothesised that the higher the cognitive score, the greater the ability a nursing student would have to make informed valid decisions in their clinical practice.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Globally, simulation is being espoused as an education method that increases the competence of health professionals. At present, there is very little evidence to support current investment in time and resources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following ethical approval, fifty-eight third-year undergraduate nursing students were randomised in a pretest-post-test group-parallel controlled trial. The learning environment preferences (LEP) inventory was used to test cognitive abilities in order to refute the null hypothesis that activities in computer-based simulated learning environments have a negative effect on cognitive abilities when compared with activities in skills laboratory simulated learning environments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in cognitive development following two cycles of simulation activities. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that two simulation tasks, either computer-based or laboratory-based, have no effect on an undergraduate student's ability to make clinical decisions in practice. However, there was a significant finding for non-English first-language students, which requires further investigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More longitudinal studies that quantify the education effects of simulation on the cognitive, affective and psychomotor attributes of health science students and professionals from both English-speaking and non-English-speaking backgrounds are urgently required. It is also recommended that to achieve increased participant numbers and prevent non-participation owing to absenteeism, further studies need to be imbedded directly into curricula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This investigation confirms the effect of simulation activities on real-life clinical practice, and the comparative learning benefits with traditional clinical practice and university education remain unknown.
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. jmsecomb@tpg.com.au
authors.forename: Jacinta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Secomb
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D004506:Education, Nursing; D006801:Humans; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*