title: The effect of glycerol on mRNA expression of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and mitochondrial breast muscle genes of Japanese quail.
abstract: 1. A study was carried out to evaluate the expression of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), cytochrome oxidase III (COX III) and avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) genes in 14-d-old Japanese quail that were fed different levels of glycerol (0%, 4%, and 12% dietary glycerol) which replaced maize as an energy source.   2. Total RNA was extracted from the breast muscle, and cDNA was amplified using real-time PCR with primers specific to the examined genes.   3. Quail fed the diet with 12% glycerol supplementation presented higher growth hormone (GH) mRNA expression than did those fed 0% glycerol. Supplementation with 12% glycerol negatively influenced IGF-I mRNA expression and reduced ANT mRNA expression in comparison with the treatment with no glycerol. COX III mRNA expression in the pectoralis superficialis muscle was decreased by 26% in quail fed 12% glycerol compared with those fed 0 and 4% glycerol.   4. There was no difference in UCP mRNA expression between quail fed 0 and 4% glycerol; however, UCP expression was reduced (73%) in birds fed the 12% glycerol diet compared with the level in those fed the 4% glycerol diet.   5. The inclusion of 4% glycerol in the diet produced results similar to those of the diet with no glycerol. Based on quail performance and the expression of the GH, IGF-I, ANT, COX III and UCP genes, 4% glycerol can be used in quail feeding without any harmful effects.
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, Maringá State University, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. egasparino@uem.br
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gasparino
authors.forename: S E F
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: A R Oliveira
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: A P D
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Vesco
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003370:Coturnix / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005990:Glycerol