title: Epigenetics-related genes in prostate cancer: expression profile in             prostate cancer tissues, androgen-sensitive and -insensitive cell lines.
abstract: Epigenetic changes have been suggested to drive prostate cancer (PCa) development             and progression. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify novel epigenetics-related             genes in PCa tissues, and to examine their expression in metastatic PCa cell lines.             We analyzed the expression of epigenetics-related genes via a clustering analysis             based on gene function in moderately and poorly differentiated PCa glands compared             to normal glands of the peripheral zone (prostate proper) from PCa patients using             Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarrays. Our analysis identified 12 epigenetics-related             genes with a more than 2-fold increase or decrease in expression and a p-value             <0.01. In modera-tely differentiated tumors compared to normal glands of the             peripheral zone, we found the genes, TDRD1, IGF2, DICER1, ADARB1, HILS1, GLMN             and TRIM27, to be upregulated, whereas TNRC6A and DGCR8 were found to be downregulated.             In poorly differentiated tumors, we found TDRD1, ADARB and RBM3 to be upregulated,             whereas DGCR8, PIWIL2 and BC069781 were downregulated. Our analysis of the expression             level for each gene in the metastatic androgen-sensitive VCaP and LNCaP, and -insensitive             PC3 and DU-145 PCa cell lines revealed differences in expression among the cell             lines which may reflect the different biological properties of each cell line,             and the potential role of each gene at different metastatic sites. The novel epigenetics-related             genes that we identified in primary PCa tissues may provide further insight into             the role that epigenetic changes play in PCa. Moreover, some of the genes that             we identified may play important roles in primary PCa and metastasis, in primary             PCa only, or in metastasis only. Follow-up studies are required to investigate             the functional role and the role that the expression of these genes play in the             outcome and progression of PCa using tissue microarrays.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn,                     Germany.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindstrot
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ochsenfahrt
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wernert
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II