title: Cutaneous reactions to proton pump inhibitors: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Even though proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used in clinical practice, a limited number of studies are available about cutaneous adverse reactions from PPIs, and most of these are case reports.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the pattern of cutaneous reactions related to PPI usage and to evaluate the risk of developing PPI drug eruptions among adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the spontaneous reports of any adverse events associated with PPI use, as reported from January 2005 through May 2010 to the Adverse Drug Reaction Center at Siriraj Hospital in Thailand. Each control was sampled from 15 patients who had consecutive hospital numbers from each study case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of cutaneous reactions to PPIs varied, ranging from three to 20 per 100,000 of the treated population. Sixty-four patients with a history of reaction to PPIs, and 65 controls were enrolled. Most cutaneous reactions were attributed to omeprazole (n=50; 78.1%), and the most frequently observed cutaneous reaction was maculopapular rash (43.8%). None of the patients experienced a cross-reaction between individual PPIs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cutaneous adverse reactions to PPIs range from minor drug rashes to a severe, life-threatening reaction. Individuals with a history of adverse drug reaction have an increased risk of cutaneous reaction to PPIs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chularojanamontri
authors.forename: Sukhum
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiamton
authors.forename: Araya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manapajon
authors.forename: Saroj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suvanasuthi
authors.forename: Kanokvalai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kulthanan
authors.forename: Naruemon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dhana
authors.forename: Kowit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jongjarearnprasert
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000799:Angioedema / Q000139:chemically induced; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D064098:Esomeprazole / Q000009:adverse effects; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064747:Lansoprazole; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D015995:Prevalence; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D064750:Rabeprazole; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013262:Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014581:Urticaria / Q000139:chemically induced; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064747:Lansoprazole; D064750:Rabeprazole; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D009853:Omeprazole; D064098:Esomeprazole