title: Frequency and management of raised intraocular pressure following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency and management of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology/Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Karachi, from May 2007 to May 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 198 eyes of 150 patients requiring IVTA injection, were included. Pre-injection assessment comprised of detailed history, general and ocular examination including anterior and posterior segment examination with IOP measurements with Goldmann tonometer. After informed consent, IVTA 4 mg/0.1 ml was injected through pars plana and IOP was measured at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months and if raised, treated accordingly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 150 patients, 82 were male (54.7%) and 68 were female (45.3%) (M: F = 1.2: 1). Mean age was 50.61 ± 10.59 years. Raised IOP value after IVTA, higher than 21 mmHg was observed at one week in 28 eyes (14.1%), at 1 month n 48 eyes (24.2%), at 3 months in 76 eyes (38.4%) and at 6 months in 25 eyes (12.6%). Raised IOP was controlled by topical beta blockers alone or in combination with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in 58 eyes (76.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevation of IOP after IVTA injection occurred in 76 eyes (38.3%). It may take an extended period of time to manifest raised IOP. In majority of the patients, raised IOP was managed with topical medications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Malir, Karachi. salim.mahar@aku.edu
authors.forename: Pir Salim
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mahar
authors.forename: Abdul Sami
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Memon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide