title: Physicochemical parameters that influence carotenoids bioaccessibility from a tomato juice.
abstract: In vitro digestion models have been developed to estimate carotenoid bioavailability but most do not consider that their diffusion from fruit matrix to the lipid phase of the bolus could be a limiting step. Therefore we designed a model in which tomato juice is mixed with oil or oil/water emulsions, and the carotenoids diffusing to oil are measured by spectrometry. Temperature, pH and tomato juice/peanut oil ratio were evaluated for their influence on carotenoid diffusion. When oil/tomato ratio was between 0.11 and 1, extraction of lycopene was limited by the saturation of the oil phase. With a large excess of oil, diffusion was also limited, as only 31 ± 1% of lycopene could be extracted from the juice. Diffusion did not vary significantly with pH but doubled when temperature rose from 10°C to 37°C. When the juice was mixed in an emulsion stabilised with bovine serum albumin or phospholipids the maximum extraction decreased to 14.5 ± 0.2% and 18.5 ± 1.5% respectively, indicating that in addition to the saturation of the oil phase at low oil/tomato ratio and in addition to intrinsic properties of the tomato juice in non-saturating conditions, lycopene diffusion was limited by the structure of the interface in emulsions.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, F-84000 Avignon, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Degrou
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Georgé
authors.forename: Catherine M G C
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Renard
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Page
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D002338:Carotenoids