title: Fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques for cytogenetic and genomic analyses.
abstract: Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful method to visualize DNA sequences in the context of the whole chromosome. Yet despite the value of FISH analysis for cytogenetic studies, there are surprisingly few labs that are able to adapt the technique for their experiments in chromosomal and genome biology. Here we present a comprehensive FISH protocol acquired from over 20 years of collective experience using different plant species. Our description uses rice as a model for performing a complete FISH procedure, but the protocol can be readily adapted for other plant species. We have provided more specialized instruction beyond routine FISH, which includes the preparation of meiotic and mitotic samples suitable for FISH analysis, procedures for direct and indirect labeling of DNA probes, and techniques for increasing signal strength using layers of antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Jason G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Walling
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D008540:Meiosis; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics; D049471:Pachytene Stage; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015342:DNA Probes