title: Borneol alleviates oxidative stress via upregulation of Nrf2 and Bcl-2 in SH-SY5Y cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide aggregation with accompanying oxidative stress plays the major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some natural compounds, including borneol, shed promising light on AD treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidative, antiapoptotic effects, and neuroprotection of borneol in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y).
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxidative stress was induced by administering 50 µM Aβ into SH-SY5Y cells. Neuroprotective effect of commercially available borneol was examined by determining cell viability with the MTT assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using a fluorometer with further examination of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. Apoptosis was examined by measuring the ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data indicated that Aβ-induced cell cytotoxicity was inhibited by 100 µM of (-) and (+) borneol treatment. Treatment of borneol significantly decreased ROS generation (P < 0.01). The expression of HO-1 and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 were increased by Aβ treatment. This nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was further increased by administration of borneol. Compared with the Aβ treated group, the (+) borneol treated group significantly increased Bcl-2 expression with decreased expression of Bax.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Borneol protected SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ-induced toxicity, exerted an antioxidative effect and suppressed apoptosis. It increases our knowledge about neuroprotective mechanism of borneol, and it is hopeful to be a candidate compound for developing therapeutic drug for the prevention and treatment of AD and other Aβ-related neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Sok Cheon
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.forename: Byung-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Songhee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001892:Camphanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005470:Fluorometry; D006801:Humans; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000975:Antioxidants; D001892:Camphanes; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C022871:isoborneol