title: Peripheral artery disease in type II diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes Clinic, Medical Unit III, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from January to June 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and eighty seven (387) type II diabetic patients of either gender and any age were included in the study. Patients with a previous history of trauma to the arterial vasculature, pregnancy and those who underwent arterial graft procedures were excluded. Non-purposive convenient sampling technique was used to enroll patients in the study. PAD was diagnosed when ankle-brachial index (ABI) was less than 0.9. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 387 studied patients, 128 were males (33.1%) and 259 were females (66.9%). Mean age was 52.22 ± 9.671 (22 - 76) years in the entire cohort. Mean duration of diabetes was 9.38 ± 6.39 years. PAD was detected in 152 (39.28%) of the total study subjects. Thirty-one of 128 male patients (24.22%) had PAD disease while 121 out of 259 female patients (46.71%) had evidence of PAD (p = 0.001). Hypertension was a significantly associated factor (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high frequency of PAD was observed in the diabetic population particularly with hypertension and more prevalent in females.
authors.affiliation: Medical Unit III, Ward-7, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi. dr.zeeshan.j@gmail.com
authors.forename: Zeeshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Syed Masroor
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Abdul Rabb
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bhutto
authors.forename: Azhar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Munir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult