title: Molecular analysis of the parallel domestication of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Mesoamerica and the Andes.
abstract: We have studied the nucleotide diversity of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, which is characterized by two independent domestications in two geographically distinct areas: Mesoamerica and the Andes. This provides an important model, as domestication can be studied as a replicate experiment. We used nucleotide data from five gene fragments characterized by large introns to analyse 214 accessions (102 wild and 112 domesticated). The wild accessions represent a cross-section of the entire geographical distribution of P. vulgaris. A reduction in genetic diversity in both of these gene pools was found, which was three-fold greater in Mesoamerica compared with the Andes. This appears to be a result of a bottleneck that occurred before domestication in the Andes, which strongly impoverished this wild germplasm, leading to the minor effect of the subsequent domestication bottleneck (i.e. sequential bottleneck). These findings show the importance of considering the evolutionary history of crop species as a major factor that influences their current level and structure of genetic diversity. Furthermore, these data highlight a single domestication event within each gene pool. Although the findings should be interpreted with caution, this evidence indicates the Oaxaca valley in Mesoamerica, and southern Bolivia and northern Argentina in South America, as the origins of common bean domestication.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bitocchi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bellucci
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giardini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via de Nicola, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rau
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via de Nicola, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biagetti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santilocchi
authors.affiliation: Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spagnoletti Zeuli
authors.affiliation: Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gioia
authors.affiliation: Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Logozzo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via de Nicola, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Attene
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nanni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.|Cereal Research Centre, Agricultural Research Council (CRA-CER), S.S. 16, Km 675, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Papa
mesh_terms: D002489:Central America; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D051456:Gene Flow; D005788:Gene Pool; D017343:Genes, Plant; D056426:Genetic Loci; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D007178:Inbreeding / Q000379:methods; D007438:Introns; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D058974:Phylogeography; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D013020:South America