title: Relationship between sRAGE and eotaxin-3 with CRP in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries and is highly prevalent in patients with kidney disease. Traditional risk factors for CVD often accompany kidney dysfunction, and chronic kidney disease per se is considered an additional risk factor. Risk stratification for CVD remains suboptimal even after the introduction of global risk assessment by various scores. This has prompted the search for novel markers of cardiovascular risk, and several biomarkers have been suggested as candidates, together with C-reactive protein (CRP). The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between novel biomarkers of vascular inflammation (soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end products [sRAGE] and eotaxin-3) with CRP in a population of hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma sRAGE, high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) and eotaxin-3 were measured in 399 hypertensive patients (265 men, mean age 58 ± 8 years)with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome or organ damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma concentrations of sRAGE, eotaxin-3 and hs-CRP were not different between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Univariate analysis showed that plasma levels of sRAGE and eotaxin-3 were not associated with hs-CRP in either subgroup.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirms the robust and widely studied role of CRP as an important marker of vascular inflammation. We also postulate the possible involvement of sRAGE and eotaxin, 2 novel biomarkers, in CVDs. On the basis of our results, we can put forward the hypotheses that hs-CRP, s-RAGE and eotaxin are reliable but unrelated cardiovascular risk markers.
authors.affiliation: Interdepartmental Center of Research in Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy. colomba.falcone@unipv.it
authors.forename: Colomba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.forename: Maria Paola
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Buzzi
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozzini
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boiocchi
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schirinzi
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochan Kilama
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torreggiani
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000097:blood*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C120429:CCL26 protein, human; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D014527:Uric Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine