title: Non-neutralizing antibodies in prevention of HIV infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the challenges facing the development of an AIDS vaccine is eliciting antibody (Ab) capable of preventing the acquisition of HIV. Broadly neutralizing Ab (bnAb) that can prevent HIV infection has proven to be difficult to elicit. Here, we consider the potential for protective non-neutralizing Ab (pnnAb) to provide the much needed Ab component for an HIV vaccine. Such Ab acts by "tagging" virus or infected cells for destruction by the innate immune system.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review interactions between the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Fcϒ receptors or complement that can lead to the destruction of HIV or HIV-infected cells, correlations between the presence of pnnAb and the prevention of HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections, differences between classical HIV-specific bnAb and HIV-specific pnnAb, HIV envelope antigens and adjuvants which have been hypothesized to generate pnnAb, and the use of avidity as a serological correlate for pnnAb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hypothesize that selection of HIV for the poor ability to elicit bnAb has also selected it for slow entry into cells and a window of opportunity for pnnAb to tag virus for destruction by innate immune responses.
authors.affiliation: GeoVax, Inc., 1900 Lake Park Drive, Suite 380, Smyrna, 30080, USA. hrobinson@geovax.com
authors.forename: Harriet L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D011961:Receptors, Fc