title: Insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in lupus nephritis among Mexicans.
abstract: The angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism determines Ang II levels, but its relationship with lupus nephritis (LN) in different populations is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the allelic and genotypic distribution of the I/D polymorphism in Mexican mestizos with LN and assess an association with histological classes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 24 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without nephropathy, 41 with LN, 144 healthy subjects, and 36 with primary glomerulonephritis (GMN). Three ACE I/D polymorphism genotypes-ID, DD, and II--were detected by PCR using peripheral blood genomic DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequencies for II, ID, and DD were 0.29, 0.46, and 0.25 in the SLE group; 0.17, 0.63, and 0.20 in the LN group; 0.14, 0.5, and 0.36 in the GMN group; and 0.26, 0.52, and 0.22 among healthy subjects. The I/D polymorphism distribution according to histological class was class II: 1 II, 3 ID, and 1 DD; class III: 2 II, 10 ID, and 1 DD; class IV: 2 II, 9 ID, and 2 DD; class V: 2 II, 3 ID, and 4 DD; and class VI, 1 II. The histological classes with at least three patients had ID genotype as the most frequent except for class V.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No association was identified between I/D polymorphisms of ACE and SLE, LN, or GMN in a Mexican population.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Topete-Reyes
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soto-Vargas
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Morán-Moguel
authors.forename: Ingrid P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Dávalos-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Eréndira L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Chávez-González
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García-de la Torre
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parra-Michel
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Medina-Pérez
authors.forename: Basilio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jalomo-Martínez
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salazar-Páramo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000235:genetics*; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A