title: Transcranial direct current stimulation ameliorates tactile sensory deficit in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deficit of tactile sensation in patients with MS is frequent and can be associated with interference with daily life activities. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) showed to increase tactile discrimination in healthy subjects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we investigated whether tDCS may be effective in ameliorating tactile sensory deficit in MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received sham or real anodal tDCS of the somatosensory cortex for 5 consecutive days in a randomized, double blind, sham-controlled study. Discrimination thresholds of spatial tactile sensation were measured using the grating orientation task (GOT). As secondary outcomes we also measured subjective perception of tactile sensory deficit through a visual analog scale (VAS), quality of life and overall disability to evaluate the impact of the treatment on patients daily life. Evaluations were performed at baseline and during a 4-week follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following anodal but not sham tDCS over the somatosensory cortex, there was a significant improvement of discriminatory thresholds at the GOT and increased VAS for sensation scores. Quality of life, and disability changes were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that a five day course of anodal tDCS is able to ameliorate tactile sensory loss with long-lasting beneficial effects and could thus represent a therapeutic tool for the treatment of tactile sensory deficit in MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. francesco808@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Carolina G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kusayanagi
authors.forename: Calogero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foti
authors.forename: Domenico A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Restivo
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marciani
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Centonze
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Grating orientation task; Hypoesthesia; Randomized controlled clinical trial; Rehabilitation; Spatial discrimination