title: Exposure to particulate matter, CO2, CO, VOCs among bus drivers in Bangkok.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the exposure of particulate matter CO2, CO, VOCs among Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) Bus Drivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The exposure of 60 bus drivers to PM2.5, PM10, VOCs, CO2, CO was monitored for full shifts on three routes of air-conditioned (A/C) and non-A/C buses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average PM2.5 exposure concentrations among non-A/C bus drivers (323.81 mg/m3) were significantly higher than that of A/C bus drivers (206.46 mg/m3) (p-value = 0.016). The average benzene, toluene and xylene exposure concentrations were 429.15, 225.11, 127.60 mg/m for non-A/C bus drivers. The average CO2 levels in A/C buses were significantly higher than those in non-A/C buses (p-value < 0.001). The CO levels in non-A/C buses were significantly higher than those in A/C buses (p-value = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bus drivers were exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants. The increase of ventilation and cleaning of buses will reduce the exposure of air pollutants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health, Toxicology and Management of Chemicals (ETM), Bangkok, Thailand. phpkt@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Pornpimol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kongtip
authors.forename: Tiyaporn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anthayanon
authors.forename: Witaya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yoosook
authors.forename: Chompunut
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Onchoi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013785:Thailand; D014505:Urban Population; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide