title: Craniofacial variables in subjects with and without habitual snoring: A cephalometric comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this case control study was to evaluate which cephalometric variables related to craniofacial morphology discriminate between snoring and non-snoring or any other respiratory disease subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total 42(21 snoring and 21 non-snoring) cephalometric measurements were determined to study the craniofacial morphology. Non-snoring subjects were matched to snoring subjects by age, sex, and body mass index. Snoring was assessed using a sleep behavior questionnaire administered to the patients. The cephalometric radiographs of the study subjects were traced by a single investigator, and 1 angular measurement and 13 linear measurements of hard and soft tissues were recorded. The paired Student's t test was used to analyze the cephalometric data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vertical position of the hyoid (MP-H) was significantly longer (P<0.05) in snoring subjects (23.44±14.892mm) than non-snoring subjects (12.89±4.540mm). Anterior overbite and anterior over-jet of snoring group ((4.81± 3.265 and 5.83±8.59) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than non-snoring group (0.67±1.441 and 0.54±1.138). No significant differences of the other [11] cephalometric variables were found within groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Snoring subjects appear to present craniofacial factors that differ from those of non-snoring subjects, and we suggest obtaining cephalogram for diagnosis and following up of them.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Imam Hospital, Ahwaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran  ; Department of Radiology, Golestan Hospital, Ahwaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikakhlagh
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahmasebi
authors.forename: Roshanak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Badri
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saki
authors.forename: Fakher
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahim
authors.forename: Shideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Badri
keywords: cephalometry; craniofacial morphology; snoring