title: Sleep complaints and daytime sleepiness among pharmaceutical students in Tripoli.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of sleep difficulties has achieved a great deal of attention recently, with university students considered as a homogenized population, particularly affected by sleep habits.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate whether Libyan college students experience sleep disturbance during their academic programmes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the college of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, during February 2010. A total of 201 students, including 179 females (89.05%) and 22 males (10.95%), were recruited from different academic levels. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and included a number of life-style variables. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used for the assessment of daytime sleepiness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study showed that the total sleep time (TST) on a weeknight was 6.40 h and 67 students reported napping during daytime. The TST plus naps totalled 7.39 h. Out of eight possible dozing situations, we found that the mean score for ESS was 8.78. In addition, 79 students showed an ESS score of >10. Furthermore, our results showed that the majority of students (>92%) reported poor sleep satisfaction with quality and duration of sleep hours. Thinking about difficulty of study but not increasing education programs or tea/coffee consumption is associated with sleep difficulties reported. Moreover, 77.6% of students reported an irregular sleep-wake schedule.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that students experienced excessive daytime sleepiness. The TST of pharmaceutical students in Libya, as in other developing countries, is less than those reported by Western students. Students experienced various environmental demands during their college years and, their quality of sleep was negatively affected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya.
authors.forename: Yousef A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Taher
authors.forename: Awatef M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Samud
authors.forename: Aya H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ratimy
authors.forename: Areeje M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Seabe
keywords: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; college students; sleep disorders; sleep habits