title: Application of a qualitative and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method for detecting genetically modified papaya line 55-1 in papaya products.
abstract: Genetically modified (GM) papaya (Carica papaya L.) line 55-1 (55-1), which is resistant to papaya ringspot virus infection, has been marketed internationally. Many countries have mandatory labeling regulations for GM foods, and there is a need for specific methods for detecting 55-1. Here, an event- and construct-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for detecting 55-1 in papaya products. Quantitative detection was possible for fresh papaya fruit up to dilutions of 0.001% and 0.01% (weight per weight [w/w]) for homozygous SunUp and heterozygous Rainbow cultivars, respectively, in non-GM papaya. The limit of detection and quantification was as low as 250 copies of the haploid genome according to a standard reference plasmid. The method was applicable to qualitative detection of 55-1 in eight types of processed products (canned papaya, pickled papaya, dried fruit, papaya-leaf tea, jam, puree, juice, and frozen dessert) containing papaya as a main ingredient.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Kiyomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitta
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teshima
mesh_terms: D029441:Carica / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018744:DNA, Plant