title: HIV-related intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalences and patterns of intimate partner violence between HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women receiving prenatal care at a tertiary hospital in South East Nigeria
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative cross-sectional study of HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women was done. Statistical analysis was by descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% level of confidence
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 220 pregnant women studied. These were equally divided between HIV-positive women (cases) and HIV-negative women (controls). Cases did not differ significantly from controls with respect to age, parity, tribe, religion, marital status, monthly family income. HIV positive respondents experienced physical violence in the course of the index pregnancy six times more than controls; sexual violence about 4 times more than controls and were 12 times more likely to be denied sex by their partner compared to controls. Threat of being hurt, deprivation of financial support and denial of communication were the commonest forms of intimate partner violence among HIV-positive pregnant women and these also occurred significantly more among HIV positive women than the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-positive status predisposes pregnant women to increased intimate partner violence more of emotional nature further underlying the enormity of social rejection suffered as a result of HIV infection. Intimate partner violence screening should form part of their routine antenatal care
authors.affiliation: Fertility Research and Reproductive health Unit, Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria. hyginus.ezegwui@unn.edu.ng
authors.forename: Ezegwui
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hyginus
authors.forename: Iyoke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chukwuemeka
authors.forename: Ikeako
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Mbah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunday
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult