title: Selective degradation of tetracycline antibiotics present in raw milk by electrochemical method.
abstract: The dairy industry disposes of a large volume of waste milk with antibiotic residues, which is a great cause of much concern in soil and water environments. In this study, the electrochemical oxidation of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in cow's milk was investigated. Milk contains a high concentration of organic matter, and the concentrations of TCs residues are extremely low. The effects of anode materials and electrolytes on the degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC) were investigated. A higher degradation rate for the OTC was attained using the inactive anode or a NaCl electrolyte. It was found that a physically adsorbed oxidant on the surface of the anode and indirect oxidation using electrogenerated hypochlorite could enhance the degradation of OTC in raw milk. The organic components in milk samples affected the removal rate of the OTC. The removal rate constants for the OTC in raw milk were 2.8-7.7 times higher than the chemical oxygen demand values. It was found that electrochemical oxidation could decompose low concentrations of TCs in high concentrations of organic matter solutions selectively. The results indicate that electrochemical oxidation is an effective method for the treatment of TCs in waste milk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitazono
authors.forename: Ikko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kiyohiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umetsu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012996:Solutions; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012996:Solutions; D013754:Tetracyclines