title: Methods for the evaluation of the protective efficacy of sunscreen products.
abstract: The objective of the present investigation was to examine the utilization of optical and spectroscopic methods for the noninvasive characterization of Anthelios XL Fluide Extreme (SPF 50+), an exemplary sunscreen, concerning its homogeneity of distribution on the skin, its spectroscopic properties and its overall protective efficacy. The homogeneity of the distribution of the sunscreen on the skin was investigated with a multiphoton tomography microscope. Additionally, the sum transmission spectrum was determined using tape stripping and spectroscopic measurements. The results revealed a very homogeneous distribution of the sunscreen on the skin surface and also in the deep furrows. The sum transmission spectrum reflects a high protective efficacy of the sunscreen in both the UVA and UVB ranges. The sunscreen Anthelios XL Fluide Extreme (SPF 50+) generates a comfortable feeling on the skin and can be easily distributed. The presented optical methods have been shown to be suitable to investigate the overall protective efficacy of sunscreen products objectively, noninvasively and quickly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, A. Sygros Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vergou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patzelt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schanzer
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meinke
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Weigmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thiede
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sterry
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lademann
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Darvin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012677:Sensation; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014054:Tomography; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents