title: Review article: cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy in adults: a work in progress.
abstract: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has potential as a noninvasive brain monitor across a spectrum of disorders. In the last decade, there has been a rapid expansion of clinical experience using NIRS to monitor cerebral oxygenation, and there is some evidence that NIRS-guided brain protection protocols might lead to a reduction in perioperative neurologic complications after cardiac surgery. However, there are no data to support the wider application of NIRS during routine surgery under general anesthesia, and its application in brain injury, where it might be expected to have a key monitoring role, is undefined. Although increasingly sophisticated apparatuses, including broadband and time-resolved spectroscopy systems, provide insights into the potential of NIRS to measure regional cerebral oxygenation, hemodynamics, and metabolism in real-time, these innovations have yet to translate into effective monitor-guided brain protection treatment strategies. NIRS has many potential advantages over other neuromonitoring techniques, but further investigation and technological advances are necessary before it can be introduced more widely into clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurocritical Care, Box 30, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BGUK.
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elwell
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000175:diagnosis; D007259:Infrared Rays; D010092:Oximetry; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009626:Terminology as Topic