title: Hazards analysis, within departments and occupations, for hepatitis B virus among health care workers in Public Teaching Hospitals in Khartoum State; Sudan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can lead to a range of clinical illnesses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine hazards of hepatitis B virus associated with clinical departments and occupations; among health care workers in Public Teaching Hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a cross sectional, facility-based study. It was conducted on stratified two-stage cluster random sample of 843 subjects of whom 324 were at high-hazard, 445 at moderate hazard, and 74 at low hazard; depending on degree of exposure to blood and body fluids of patients. To assess hazards of HBV among departments and occupations of HCWs, non-parametric Methods of Chi-square test, was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For Anti-HBc vulnerable departments was Renal Dialysis (100%); while for occupations was midwives (73.3%). For carrier rate (+ve HBsAg), highest rate found in department of Management (6.8%); while for occupations was Midwives (6.7%). Regarding immunity (+ve Anti-HBs), the highest percentage found in the department of Dentistry (25.9%); while for occupations was associated with Doctors (14.8%). For a profile of high infectivity (+ve HBeAg), the most vulnerable department in terms of HBV hazards was the Surgery (1.4%); while for occupations was nurses (0.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant association for infection rate of HBV with occupation and type of department. The most hazardous departments, was Surgery with a profile of high infectivity rate, followed by other departments (medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry &amp; ophthalmology). As for occupations, the most hazardous group was nurses group with a profile of high infectivity rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan. tahamukashfi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Taha Ahmed
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Elmukashfi
authors.forename: Omer Ali
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Isam Mohamed
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Elkhidir
authors.forename: Abdelgadir Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: Mohammed Ali Awad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Elkarim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006748:Hospital Departments / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies