title: Lamellar liquid crystalline phases for cutaneous delivery of Paclitaxel: impact of the monoglyceride.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop liquid crystalline phases with monoglycerides, and assess whether the monoglyceride type favors cutaneous over transdermal paclitaxel delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  BRIJ-based lamellar phases were prepared with 0.5% paclitaxel and 20% of either monocaprylin (LP-MC), monomyristolein (LP-MM) or monoolein (LP-MO). Skin electrical resistance, drug release and cutaneous delivery in vitro and in vivo were assessed. Viability of skin equivalents and release of IL-1α were assessed as indexes of irritation potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An inverse relationship between monoglyceride acyl chain length and amount of paclitaxel delivered was observed. Although the largest paclitaxel amounts were delivered by LP-MC, all formulations delivered higher levels of drug in the skin (56-64-fold) than across the tissue. The superiority of LP-MC seems related to a stronger decrease in skin resistance (as an index of permeability), and not to increased drug release. LP-MC displayed similar penetration-enhancing ability in vivo, and a much lower irritation potential than Triton-X100 (a moderate irritant), leading to 3-fold higher skin equivalent viability and release of 60-fold less IL-1α.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though LP-MC delivered the largest amounts of paclitaxel, all formulations provided similar cutaneous/transdermal delivery ratios, suggesting that changing the monoglyceride acyl chain length did not affect the balance between cutaneous and transdermal delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Ave., Albany, New York, 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Jaclyn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hosmer
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Luciana B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002210:Caprylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D050866:Liquid Crystals / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D050178:Monoglycerides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D044367:Phase Transition; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002210:Caprylates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005989:Glycerides; D050178:Monoglycerides; C087845:monomyristolein; C005953:monoolein; D017239:Paclitaxel; C025343:monooctanoin