title: Chemokine profiles in blood associated with delayed asthmatic response to allergen challenge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with bronchial asthma having been challenged with allergen develop various types of asthmatic response, such as immediate (IAR), late (LAR) or delayed (DYAR) response, due to different immunologic mechanisms. The DYAR, beginning 26-32 h, reaching maximum between 32 and 48 h and resolving within 56 h after the challenge, differs from IAR and LAR in clinical and immunologic features.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the changes in the serum concentrations of chemokines associated with the isolated form of DYAR.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 22 patients the repeated DYAR (p < 0.001) was supplemented with recording of blood cell counts and serum concentrations of chemokines before, and up to 72 h after the bronchial challenge by means of enzyme-linked immunoassay, (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DYAR was associated with (a) significantly increased serum concentrations (p < 0.05) of CCL 2, CCL 3, CCL 4, CCL 7, CCL 20, CXCL 1, CXCL 8, CXCL 9, CXCL 10 and CXCL 11, and (b) significantly decreased serum concentrations, (p < 0.05) of CCL 5, CCL 11, CCL 17, CCL 22, CCL 24 and CCL 26, as compared with their pre-challenge as well as the PBS control values. No significant chemokine changes were recorded during the PBS controls (p > 0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results, together with changes in the blood cell counts, provide evidence for an involvement of activated Th(1), cells and NK cells (CCL-2, -3, -4, -20, CXCL-9,-10,-11), neutrophils (CCL-20, CXCL-1,-8) and monocytes (CCL-2,-3,-4, -7, CXCL-10), upon co-operation of other cell types, such as epithelial, endothelial and dendritic cells, in the immunologic mechanism(s) underlying the DYAR.
authors.affiliation: Allergy Research Foundation, Effenseweg 42, 4838 BB Breda, The Netherlands. zpelikan@casema.nl
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pelikan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests / Q000379:methods; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D007428:Intradermal Tests / Q000379:methods; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D018925:Chemokines; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma