title: Affective temperament in women with functional aphonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess the affective temperament in women with functional aphonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one women with functional aphonia underwent an examination of affective temperament by means of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Autoquestionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the reference group, women with functional aphonia show significantly higher rates of depressive and anxious temperament.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study are concordant with the previous findings, indicating elevated levels of depressive and anxious symptoms in aphonic patients. Implications for the therapy of functional aphonia as well as considerations for further studies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Phoniatry and Voice Rehabilitation, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland. anna.sinkiewicz@wp.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sinkiewicz
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaracz
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mackiewicz-Nartowicz
authors.forename: Bożena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiskirska-Woźnica
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wojnowski
authors.forename: Arleta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bielecka
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kraśny
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kamińska
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borkowska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms; D001044:Aphonia / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult