title: Exact two-component relativistic theory for NMR parameters: general formulation and pilot application.
abstract: The previously proposed exact two-component (X2C) relativistic theory of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters [Q. Sun, W. Liu, Y. Xiao, and L. Cheng, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 081101 (2009)] is reformulated to accommodate two schemes for kinetic balance, five schemes for magnetic balance, and three schemes for decoupling in a unified manner, at both matrix and operator levels. In addition, three definitions of spin magnetization are considered in the coupled-perturbed Kohn-Sham equation. Apart from its simplicity, the most salient feature of X2C-NMR lies in that its diamagnetic and paramagnetic terms agree individually with the corresponding four-component counterparts for any finite basis. For practical applications, five approximate schemes for the first order coupling matrix X(10) and four approximate schemes for the treatment of two-electron integrals are introduced, which render the computations of X2C-NMR very much the same as those of approximate two-component approaches.
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Wenjian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu