title: The use of contact lenses during water-polo play: a 20-year study of Japanese college players.
abstract: This study investigated the extent of contact-lens use in Japanese college water-polo male players over 20 years (1991-2011, once every five years). Information about the use of contact lenses during play and the types of contact lens was obtained through a self-report questionnaire. The proportion of contact lens use among the players while playing water polo differed from 1991 to 2011 (χ2(4) = 25.28, P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.63). Fifty-four per cent of the players used contact lenses while playing in 1991 (P < 0.001); more than 74% in 1996; 89% in 2001; 84% in 2006; and 86% in 2011. While 96% of the contact lenses used by the players in 1991 were the soft type, 74%, 92%, 86%, and 88% of the contact lenses used in 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011, respectively, were the disposable type. These findings indicated a high percentage of players were using contact lenses while playing water polo between 1996 and 2011. This could be because the majority of players used disposable lenses. The results suggest that increasing use of contact lenses by water-polo players is beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Doshisha University, Faculty of Health & Sports Science, Kyotanabe, Japan. yasukakk@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yasuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kono
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D057566:Self Report; D013177:Sports / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014867:Water; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014867:Water