title: Effect of bispectral index monitoring on extubation time and analgesic consumption in abdominal surgery: a randomised clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring on intra-operative anaesthesia consumption and extubation time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 45 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia in a six month period (February - July 2011), aged 18 years or older, and classified as ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) physical status II or III. Patients were randomly assigned to receive BIS-guided anaesthesia or routine anaesthesia care as a non BIS-guided group. At the induction of anaesthesia, and during the operation the following parameters were continuously recorded: BIS level, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (sBP), end-tidal CO2 (etCO2).Operation time and time to extubation were also recorded. On the first post-operative day all patients were visited and interviewed about intra-operative recall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BIS levels in the non BIS-guided group were significantly lower from 30 minutes further to the end of the operation, compared to the BIS-guided group (p <0.05). Time to extubation was significantly shorter in the BIS-guided group (17.5 min vs. 75 min, p <0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the required amounts of anaesthetics. In the post-operative interview, none of the patients reported an episode of intra-operative awareness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guiding anaesthesia according to BIS level will result in significantly faster recovery after anaesthesia. The investigation was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01470898).
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Anaesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia. jpersec@net.amis.hr
authors.forename: Jasminka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Persec
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Persec
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopljar
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sojcic
authors.forename: Ino
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Husedzinovic
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D060666:Airway Extubation; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure; D056805:Consciousness Monitors; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000777:Anesthetics; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation