title: Use of an electronic health record clinical decision support tool to improve antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections: the ABX-TRIP study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotics are often inappropriately prescribed for acute respiratory infections (ARIs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) on antibiotic prescribing for ARIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-phase, 27-month demonstration project.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine primary care practices in PPRNet, a practice-based research network whose members use a common electronic health record (EHR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine providers were included in the project.
  
  
  METHODS
  A CDSS was designed as an EHR progress note template. To facilitate CDSS implementation, each practice participated in two to three site visits, sent representatives to two project meetings, and received quarterly performance reports on antibiotic prescribing for ARIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  1) Use of antibiotics for inappropriate indications. 2) Use of broad spectrum antibiotics when inappropriate. 3) Use of antibiotics for sinusitis and bronchitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CDSS was used 38,592 times during the 27-month intervention; its use was sustained for the study duration. Use of antibiotics for encounters at which diagnoses for which antibiotics are rarely appropriate did not significantly change through the course of the study (estimated 27-month change, 1.57% [95% CI, -5.35%, 8.49%] in adults and -1.89% [95% CI, -9.03%, 5.26%] in children). However, use of broad spectrum antibiotics for ARI encounters improved significantly (estimated 27 month change, -16.30%, [95% CI, -24.81%, -7.79%] in adults and -16.30 [95%CI, -23.29%, -9.31%] in children). Prescribing for bronchitis did not change significantly, but use of broad spectrum antibiotics for sinusitis declined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This multi-method intervention appears to have had a sustained impact on reducing the use of broad spectrum antibiotics for ARIs. This intervention shows promise for promoting judicious antibiotic use in primary care.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. litvincb@musc.edu
authors.forename: Cara B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Litvin
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ornstein
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wessell
authors.forename: Lynne S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Nemeth
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nietert
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents