title: Protective effect of cyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside fraction from mulberry fruit pigment against oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether cyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (C3G) fraction from mulberry fruit pigment has protective effects against bladder dysfunction on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 12 in each): normal, diabetes (DM), and DM treated with C3G fraction (DM + C3G). The DM and DM + C3G groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the DM + C3G group was treated with daily oral C3G (10 mg/kg) dissolved in water, for 8 weeks. After 12 weeks of streptozotocin injections, rats in each group underwent cystometrography and bladders were used for evaluation of apoptosis and oxidative stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DM group showed a markedly lower maximal intravesical pressure than that observed in the control group, whereas rats in the DM + C3G group showed improved maximum intravesical pressure associated with minimization of apoptosis, and increased levels of Akt and Bad phosphorylation, implying inhibition of pro-apoptotic stimuli. The level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly greater in the DM group compared to the control group and it was significantly reduced in the C3G treated group. Immunoblotting revealed a significant decrease in the levels of the superoxide dismutase protein and nerve growth factor in the DM group compared with the control group; however, these proteins were upregulated in the DM + C3G group compared with the DM group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study is the first to suggest that C3G fraction have a potency to protect the bladder under conditions of diabetes-induced oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: U-Syn
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Woong-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Il
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Sung-Hoo
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Ji-Yeoul
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Sae-Woong
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005638:Fruit; D008297:Male; D031625:Morus / Q000737:chemistry; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011312:Pressure; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; C494821:Bad protein, rat; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D013311:Streptozocin; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D003849:Deoxyguanosine