title: Predictors of anxiety and depression in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients during protective isolation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine in a sample of hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients assessed throughout protective isolation (i) levels of anxiety and depression and (ii) pre-isolation factors (socio-demographics, biomedical variables and personality traits), which might predict higher levels of anxiety and depression during isolation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a longitudinal prospective design. Anxiety and depression were assessed in 107 participants by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Self-rating Depression Scale at admission and weekly at fixed time points throughout isolation. Among pre-isolation factors, patients' psychological status was evaluated by the Cognitive Behavioral Assessment (2.0). Predictors were explored by random-effects models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-tenth of the patients suffered from clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms at admission. Although the percentage of depressed patients increased more than twofold after 2 weeks of isolation, that of anxious patients did not significantly change over time. Female gender, higher anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, intratensive personality traits and lower performance status predicted higher depression during isolation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anxiety and depression represent a relevant problem for hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients during isolation. Early detection of predictors, such as anxiety levels, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and performance status, could help prevent depression via targeted psychological intervention.
authors.affiliation: Section of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tecchio
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonetto
authors.forename: Mariaelena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertani
authors.forename: Doriana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cristofalo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lasalvia
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nichele
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonani
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andreini
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzolo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010356:Patient Isolation / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D057566:Self Report; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; cancer; depression; hematopoietic stem cell transplant; isolation; oncology