title: A fully 3D approach for metal artifact reduction in computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In computed tomography imaging metal objects in the region of interest introduce inconsistencies during data acquisition. Reconstructing these data leads to an image in spatial domain including star-shaped or stripe-like artifacts. In order to enhance the quality of the resulting image the influence of the metal objects can be reduced. Here, a metal artifact reduction (MAR) approach is proposed that is based on a recomputation of the inconsistent projection data using a fully three-dimensional Fourier-based interpolation. The success of the projection space restoration depends sensitively on a sensible continuation of neighboring structures into the recomputed area. Fortunately, structural information of the entire data is inherently included in the Fourier space of the data. This can be used for a reasonable recomputation of the inconsistent projection data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The key step of the proposed MAR strategy is the recomputation of the inconsistent projection data based on an interpolation using nonequispaced fast Fourier transforms (NFFT). The NFFT interpolation can be applied in arbitrary dimension. The approach overcomes the problem of adequate neighborhood definitions on irregular grids, since this is inherently given through the usage of higher dimensional Fourier transforms. Here, applications up to the third interpolation dimension are presented and validated. Furthermore, prior knowledge may be included by an appropriate damping of the transform during the interpolation step. This MAR method is applicable on each angular view of a detector row, on two-dimensional projection data as well as on three-dimensional projection data, e.g., a set of sequential acquisitions at different spatial positions, projection data of a spiral acquisition, or cone-beam projection data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of the novel MAR scheme based on one-, two-, and three-dimensional NFFT interpolations are presented. All results are compared in projection data space and spatial domain with the well-known one-dimensional linear interpolation strategy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, it is recommended to include as much spatial information into the recomputation step as possible. This is realized by increasing the dimension of the NFFT. The resulting image quality can be enhanced considerably.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. kratz@imt.uni-luebeck.de
authors.forename: Barbel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Weyers
authors.forename: Thorsten M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Buzug
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals