title: Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive power of the "Brief Risk-resilience Index for SCreening," a brief pan-diagnostic web screen for emotional health.
abstract: Few standardized tools are available for time-efficient screening of emotional health status across diagnostic categories, especially in primary care. We evaluated the 45-question Brief Risk-resilience Index for SCreening (BRISC) and the 15-question mini-BRISC in identifying poor emotional health and coping capacity across a range of diagnostic groups - compared with a detailed clinical assessment - in a large sample of adult outpatients. Participants 18-60 years of age (n = 1079) recruited from 12 medical research and clinical sites completed the computerized assessments. Three index scores were derived from the full BRISC and the mini-BRISC: one for risk (negativity-positivity bias) and two for coping (resilience and social capacity). Summed answers were converted to standardized z-scores. BRISC scores were compared with detailed health assessment and diagnostic interview (for current psychiatric, psychological, and neurological conditions) by clinicians at each site according to diagnostic criteria. Clinicians were blinded to BRISC scores. Clinical assessment stratified participants as having "clinical" (n = 435) or "healthy" (n = 644) diagnostic status. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that a z-score threshold of -1.57 on the full BRISC index of emotional health provided an optimal classification of "clinical" versus "healthy" status (sensitivity: 81.2%, specificity: 92.7%, positive predictive power: 80.2%, and negative predictive power: 93.1%). Comparable findings were revealed for the mini-BRISC. Negativity-positivity bias index scores contributed the most to prediction. The negativity-positivity index of emotional health was most sensitive to classifying major depressive disorder (100%), posttraumatic stress disorder (95.8%), and panic disorder (88.7%). The BRISC and mini-BRISC both offer a brief, clinically useful screen to identify individuals at risk of disorders characterized by poor emotion regulation, from those with good emotional health and coping.
authors.affiliation: BRAINnet Foundation 71 Stephenson Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, California, 94105 ; University of Sydney Medical School and Westmead Millennium Institute Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.forename: Justine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gatt
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Koslow
authors.forename: Jayashri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Savannah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devarney
authors.forename: Evian
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Augustus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: John Rush
keywords: Depression and anxiety; Internet; emotional well-being; mental health screen; risk and resilience; sensitivity and specificity