title: MYC acts via the PTEN tumor suppressor to elicit autoregulation and genome-wide gene repression by activation of the Ezh2 methyltransferase.
abstract: The control of normal cell growth is a balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signals. MYC is a pleiotropic transcription factor that both activates and represses a broad range of target genes and is indispensable for cell growth. Whereas much is known about gene activation by MYC, there is no established mechanism for the majority of MYC-repressed genes. We report that MYC transcriptionally activates the PTEN tumor suppressor in normal cells to inactivate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, thus suppressing AKT activation. Suppression of AKT enhances the activity of the EZH2 histone methyltransferase, a subunit of the epigenetic repressor Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), while simultaneously stabilizing the protein. MYC-mediated enhancement in EZH2 protein level and activity results in local and genome-wide elevation in the repressive H3K27me3 histone modification, leading to widespread gene repression including feedback autoregulation of the MYC gene itself. Depletion of either PTEN or EZH2 and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway leads to gene derepression. Importantly, expression of a phospho-defective EZH2 mutant is sufficient to recapitulate nearly half of all MYC-mediated gene repression. We present a novel epigenetic model for MYC-mediated gene repression and propose that PTEN and MYC exist in homeostatic balance to control normal growth, which is disrupted in cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dartmouth Medical School, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.
authors.forename: Mandeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology; D002460:Cell Line; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000502:physiology*; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: C489427:MYC protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; C498409:EZH2 protein, human; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human