title: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: patients with HIV infection or AIDS.
abstract: Mucosal candidiasis is frequent in immunocompromised HIV-infected highly active antiretroviral (HAART) naive patients or those who have failed therapy. Mucosal candidiasis is a marker of progressive immune deficiency. Because of the frequently marked and prompt immune reconstitution induced by HAART, there is no recommendation for primary antifungal prophylaxis of mucosal candidiasis in the HIV setting in Europe, although it has been evidenced as effective in the pre-HAART era. Fluconazole remains the first line of therapy for both oropharyngeal candidiasis and oesophageal candidiasis and should be preferred to itraconazole oral solution (or capsules when not available) due to fewer side effects. For patients who still present with fluconazole-refractory mucosal candidiasis, oral treatment with any other azole should be preferred based on precise Candida species identification and susceptibility testing results in addition to the optimization of HAART when feasible. For vaginal candidiasis, topical therapy is preferred.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, APHP, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Paris, France. olivier.lortholary@nck.aphp.fr
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lortholary
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrikkos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akova
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Arendrup
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arikan-Akdagli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bassetti
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bille
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Calandra
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castagnola
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Cornely
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuenca-Estrella
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garbino
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Groll
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herbrecht
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hope
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kullberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lass-Flörl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meersseman
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roilides
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viscoli
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ullmann
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000592:standards; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents