title: [Comparative studies of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride products in inhibiting enamel demineralization].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and several fluoride products in inhibiting enamel demineralization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy healthy premolars extracted before orthodontic treatment were divided into seven groups (A: CPP-ACP; B: CPP-ACP + fluoride mouth rinses; C: fluoride mouth rinses; D: fluoride glass ionomer protection; E: fluoride resin binder; F: fluoride varnish; G: control group). There were ten samples in each group. The teeth were dipped into an artificial caries solution ten minutes at a time, then applied separately with CPP-ACP, CPP-ACP + fluoride mouth rinses, fluoride mouth rinses, fluoride glass ionomer protection, fluoride resin binder and fluoride varnish on labial enamel. The samples were dipped into an artificial saliva solution (37°C). Then all samples were examined with atomic force microscope (AFM) at the end of first, second and third monthes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the first month, surface roughness in group D [(114 ± 1) nm] was significantly lower than that in group G[(172 ± 9) nm]. At the end of the second month and the third month, significant difference was found in surface roughness between group G and the rest of groups (P < 0.05); between group B and the rest of groups; and between group C and groups (D, E and F).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPP-ACP and fluoride could both inhibit enamel demineralization in vitro. Solid fluoride (groups D, E and F) had better results than liquid fluoride (group C).
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Chun-bo
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Kuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002364:Caseins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D011897:Random Allocation; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; D005459:Fluorides