title: Mental health-care provision for marginalized groups across Europe: findings from the PROMO study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Providing mental health care to socially marginalized groups is a challenge. There is limited evidence on what form of mental health-care generic (i.e. not targeting a specific social group) and group-specific services provide to socially marginalized groups in Europe.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the characteristics of services providing mental health care for people with mental disorders from socially marginalized groups in European capitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two highly deprived areas in different European capital cities, services providing some form of mental health care for six marginalized groups, i.e. homeless, street sex workers, asylum seekers/refugees, irregular migrants, travelling communities and long-term unemployed, were identified and contacted. Data were obtained on service characteristics, staff and programmes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 8 capital cities, 516 out of 575 identified services were assessed (90%); 297 services were generic (18-79 per city) and 219 group-specific (13-50). All cities had group-specific services for the homeless, street sex workers and asylum seekers/refugees. Generic services provided more health-care programmes. Group-specific services provided more outreach programmes and social care. There was a substantial overlap in the programmes provided by the two types of services.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In deprived areas of European capitals, a considerable number of services provide mental health care to socially marginalized groups. Access to these services often remains difficult. Group-specific services have been widely established, but their role overlaps with that of generic services. More research and conceptual clarity on the function of group-specific services are required.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. s.priebe@qmul.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Priebe
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matanov
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Reamonn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canavan
authors.forename: Edina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gabor
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Greacen
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holcnerová
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kluge
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicaise
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moskalewicz
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Díaz-Olalla
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strassmayr
authors.forename: Aart H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Schene
authors.forename: Joaquim J F
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tulloch
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaddini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000523:psychology; D012923:Social Class; D014478:Unemployment / Q000523:psychology; D014505:Urban Population; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult