title: Progressive changes in a recognition memory network in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a previous functional MRI (fMRI) study, we found that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) presented with dysfunctions in the recruitment of recognition memory networks. We aimed to investigate the changes in these networks over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 17 PD patients and 13 age and sex matched healthy subjects. In both groups fMRI (recognition memory paradigm) and neuropsychological assessments were obtained at baseline and at follow-up. To analyse changes over time in functional networks, model free (independent component analysis) analyses of the fMRI data were carried out. Then, a cross correlation approach was used to assess the changes in the strength of functional connectivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up, patients showed reduced recruitment of one network, including decreased activation in the orbitofrontal cortices, middle frontal gyri, frontal poles, anterior paracingulate cortex, superior parietal lobes and left middle temporal gyrus, as well as decreased deactivation in the anterior paracingulate gyrus and precuneus. Cross correlation analyses over time showed a decrease in the strength of functional connectivity between the middle frontal gyrus and the superior parietal lobe in PD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Model free fMRI and cross correlation connectivity analyses were able to detect progressive changes in functional networks involved in recognition memory in PD patients at early disease stages and without overt clinical deterioration. Functional connectivity analyses could be useful to monitor changes in brain networks underlying neuropsychological deficits in PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
authors.forename: Bàrbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.forename: Naroa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ibarretxe-Bilbao
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sala-Llonch
authors.forename: Hugo Cesar
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Baggio
authors.forename: María Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martí
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valldeoriola
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bargalló
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tolosa
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Junqué
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18