title: Hemodynamic changes comparing lidocaine HCl with epinephrine and articaine HCl with epinephrine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to analyze hemodynamic changes after the administration of either 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 (L100) or 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 (A200) in the surgical removal of symmetrically positioned lower third molars.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial was carried out involving 43 patients. Each patient underwent 2 surgeries on different occasions-one under local anesthesia with L100 and the other with A200. The following parameters were assessed at 4 different times: systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure; heart rate; oxygen saturation; rate pressure product (RPP); and pressure rate quotient (PRQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No hypertensive peak was observed in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure at any evaluation time. Moreover, the type of anesthetic solution did not affect diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation or PRQ during the surgeries. Statistically significant differences between groups were detected with regard to heart rate and RPP (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The epinephrine concentration (1:100,000 or 1:200,000) and local anesthetic solutions used (2% lidocaine or 4% articaine) influenced hemodynamic parameters without perceptible clinical changes in healthy patients undergoing lower third molar removal.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pernambuco School of Dentistry (FOP/UPE), Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brazil. heciomorais@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hécio Henrique Araújo
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: de Morais
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Santana Santos
authors.forename: Fábio Andrey da Costa
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vajgel
authors.forename: Ricardo José
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Holanda Vasconcellos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002355:Carticaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000601:surgery*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D002355:Carticaine; D004837:Epinephrine