title: Nonmedical interventions for children with ASD: recommended guidelines and further research needs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use the findings of a systematic review of scientific evidence to develop consensus guidelines on nonmedical interventions that address cognitive function and core deficits in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and to recommend priorities for future research.
  
  
  METHODS
  The guidelines were developed by a Technical Expert Panel (TEP) consisting of practitioners, researchers, and parents. A systematic overview of research findings was presented to the TEP; guideline statements were drafted, discussed, debated, edited, reassessed, and presented for formal voting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strength of evidence of efficacy varied by intervention type from insufficient to moderate. There was some evidence that greater intensity of treatment (hours per week) and greater duration (in months) led to better outcomes. The TEP agreed that children with ASD should have access to at least 25 hours per week of comprehensive intervention to address social communication, language, play skills, and maladaptive behavior. They agreed that applied behavioral analysis, integrated behavioral/developmental programs, the Picture Exchange Communication System, and various social skills interventions have shown efficacy. Based on identified gaps, they recommend that future research focus on assessment and monitoring of outcomes, addressing the needs of pre/nonverbal children and adolescents, and identifying the most effective strategies, dose, and duration to improve specific core deficits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The creation of treatment guidelines and recommendations for future research represents an effort by leading experts to improve access to services for children with ASDs while acknowledging that the research evidence has many gaps.
authors.affiliation: Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Mailstop 4W, Santa Monica, CA 90407, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Maglione
authors.forename: Daphna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gans
authors.forename: Lopamudra
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Timbie
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kasari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000628:therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans