title: Delphinidin induces autolysosome as well as autophagosome formation and delphinidin-induced autophagy exerts a cell protective role.
abstract: Anthocyanidins, which are polyphenols that are believed to be effective for preventing cancer, are composed of a basic structure of the plant pigment anthocyanin. In this study, we investigated the biological activity of anthocyanidins, including delphinidin, against HeLa cells. The cytotoxicity observed in the anthocyanidins-treated cells was well correlated with the inhibitory effects of anthocyanidins on c-Jun-dependent transcriptional activity. Remarkably, anthocyanidin induced autophagosome formation but lacked the ability to induce apoptosis. Notably, delphinidin enhanced autolysosome formation as well as autophagosome formation. Delphinidin treatment resulted in the accumulation of the lipidated form of Map1lc3b protein in an Atg5-dependent manner in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Finally, we revealed that the cytotoxicity induced by delphinidin was more severe in Atg5-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts than in wild-type cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the cytotoxicity induced by delphinidin was accompanied by autophagy and delphinidin-induced autophagy exerted a cell protective role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuyuki
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Akari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akune
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; C495773:Atg5 protein, mouse; D000071187:Autophagy-Related Protein 5; C502070:MAP1LC3B protein, human; C480860:Map1lc3b protein, mouse; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C017185:delphinidin