title: In vivo roughening of retrieved total knee arthroplasty femoral components.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Joint registry data highlights the higher rates of cumulative revision for younger patients undergoing TKR. One of the reasons associated with this higher revision rate may be due to the wear of the UHMWPE leading to loosening. Alternate bearing surfaces have been developed to address this problem; however, roughening of the metal bearing surface has not been demonstrated in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded roughness measurements of retrieved femoral components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average lateral condyle roughness was 0.032 μm, compared to control values of 0.020 μm, p=0.002; average medial condyle roughness was 0.028 μm, compared to a control value of 0.019, p<0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a small but statistically significant roughening of femoral components in vivo compared to controls. This may have important implications for aseptic loosening of knee arthroplasty components and the decision to use scratch resistant components.
authors.affiliation: John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, United Kingdom. Electronic address: drmalikian@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malikian
authors.affiliation: John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kunalan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruthainar
authors.affiliation: John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stammers
authors.affiliation: Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Steve R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.affiliation: Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrington
authors.affiliation: Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.affiliation: Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nimalan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maruthainar
authors.affiliation: Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dowd
authors.affiliation: Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tim W R
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.affiliation: John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Trust, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gordon W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Blunn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002857:Chromium; D003035:Cobalt; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007720:Knee Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D020959:Polyethylene; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium; D003035:Cobalt; D020959:Polyethylene
keywords: Arthroplasty; CoCr; Retrieval; Roughness