title: Gender differences of bleeding and stroke risk in very old atrial fibrillation patients on VKA treatment: results of the EPICA study on the behalf of FCSA (Italian Federation of Anticoagulation Clinics).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of AF is higher in men and increases with age. However, the number of elderly women is higher than that of elderly men, and AF should be considered to affect men and women equally. Little information exists on elderly AF patients, and in particular, whether stroke and bleeding risk differs between elderly women and elderly men remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have performed the EPICA Study, a large, multicentre observational study including 4093 elderly patients who started VKA treatment after the age of 80years. In this study, we will focus our analysis on 3015 AF patients followed for 7620 patient-years (pt-yrs) to evaluate if bleeding and stroke risks were different between genders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, we recorded 112 ischemic cerebral events (rate 1.5 ×100pt-years) with no difference between genders. History of previous stroke/TIA, hypertension and artery vascular disease are independently associated with stroke/TIA during treatment. We recorded 132 major bleeds (rate 1.7 ×100pt-years); males showed a higher risk of bleeding (OR 1.5), even if not statistically significant. At multivariate analysis, history of major bleeds, history of falls and active cancer are risk factors independently associated to bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients with AF do not show clear gender related differences in the risk of major adverse events. However, elderly males showed a higher rate of bleeding complications, and females showed a slightly higher rate of stroke, thus suggesting the possibility of a higher net clinical benefit of anticoagulant treatment in females.
authors.affiliation: Thrombosis Centre Department of Heart and Vessels, AOU-Careggi, Florence, Italy. polida@aou-careggi.toscana.it
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antonucci
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ageno
authors.forename: Gualtiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palareti
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014812:Vitamin K