title: National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) symptom evaluation in multinational cohorts of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The assessment of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) in everyday practice and clinical studies relies on National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) scores for symptom appraisal, inclusion criteria for clinical trials, follow-up, and response evaluation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated multiple databases of CP/CPPS patients to determine the prevalence and impact of pain locations and types to improve our strategy of individualized phenotypically guided treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four major databases with CPSI scores for nonselected CP/CPPS clinic patients from Canada, Germany, Italy, and the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual question scores and subtotal and total scores of CPSI were described and correlated with each other. Ordinal regression analysis was performed to define pain severity categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A total of 1563 CP/CPPS patients were included. Perineal pain/discomfort was the most prevalent pain symptom (63%) followed by testicular pain (58%), pain in the pubic area (42%) and penis (32%); reports of pain during ejaculation and voiding were 45% and 43%, respectively. European patients had a significantly higher number of pain localizations and symptoms compared with North American patients (p<0.001). Severity of pain correlated well with frequency of pain (r = 0.645). No specific pain localization/type was associated with more severe pain. Correlation of pain domain with quality of life (QoL) (r = 0.678) was higher than the urinary domain (r = 0.320). Individually, pain severity (r = 0.627) and pain frequency (r = 0.594) correlated better with QoL than pain localization (r = 0.354). Pain severity categories results for NIH-CPSI item 4 (0-10 numerical rating scale for average pain) were mild, 0-3; moderate, 4-6; severe, 7-10; CPSI pain domain (0-21): mild, 0-7; moderate, 8-13; and severe, 14-21.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain has more impact on QoL than urinary symptoms. Pain severity and frequency are more important than pain localization/type. Cut-off levels for disease severity categories have been identified that will prove valuable in symptom assessment and the development of therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany. Wagenlehner@aol.com
authors.forename: Florian M E
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Wagenlehner
authors.forename: J W Olivier
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van Till
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Magri
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perletti
authors.forename: Jos G A
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Houbiers
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weidner
authors.forename: J Curtis
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nickel
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D053159:Dysuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology