title: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with conventional instruments: results and advantages over external dacryocystorhinostomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of study is to evaluate the Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with conventional instruments, its results and advantage over external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised of 127 patients who underwent consecutive endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. The cases operated by one team were included in the study to make the uniform analysis and its result. There were 48 males and 79 female in this study and male female ratio was 1:1.6. The mean age of the patient was 37 years (range from 16 years to 58 years). There were wide variety of cases like epiphora, lacrimal sac abscess, lacrimal sac fistula, acute dacryocystitis and road vehicular accident. All the patients had undergone non-laser, non-powered conventional instruments surgery under local anesthesia. The lighted probe was not used in any case for sac identification. The free flow of saline through newly created stoma during sac syringing was considered as successful criteria. The stent was used in two cases of road vehicular accident and in remaining 125 cases no stent was used. There were 66 cases of epiphora, 30 cases of lacrimal sac abscess, 26 cases of acute dacryocystitis, 3 cases of lacrimal fistula and 2 case of road traffic accident with multiple fractures. The average follow up period was 17 months (maximum follow up 3 years and minimum 4 months.)
  
  
  RESULTS
  The success rate was 96 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endoscopic DCR with conventional instruments is safe with very high success rate without any complications. It can be done in acute cases and very much suited for lacrimal sac abscess and lacrimal sac fistula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, B. J. Medical College (Civil Hospital), Ahmedabad, India.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Devang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Bela
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prajapati
authors.forename: Yogesh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: More
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khandelwal
authors.forename: Shashank Nath
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Himanshu
keywords: DCR; Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy; Free flow of saline; Lacrimal sac area