title: Antiproliferative activity of fucan nanogel.
abstract: Sulfated fucans comprise families of polydisperse natural polysaccharides based on sulfated L-fucose. Our aim was to investigate whether fucan nanogel induces cell-specific responses. To that end, a non toxic fucan extracted from Spatoglossum schröederi was chemically modified by grafting hexadecylamine to the polymer hydrophilic backbone. The resulting modified material (SNFuc) formed nanosized particles. The degree of substitution with hydrophobic chains was close to 100%, as estimated by elemental analysis. SNFfuc in aqueous media had a mean diameter of 123 nm and zeta potential of -38.3 ± 0.74 mV, as measured by dynamic light scattering. Nanoparticles conserved their size for up to 70 days. SNFuc cytotoxicity was determined using the MTT assay after culturing different cell lines for 24 h. Tumor-cell (HepG2, 786, H-S5) proliferation was inhibited by 2.0%-43.7% at nanogel concentrations of 0.05-0.5 mg/mL and rabbit aorta endothelial cells (RAEC) non-tumor cell line proliferation displayed inhibition of 8.0%-22.0%. On the other hand, nanogel improved Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and monocyte macrophage cell (RAW) non-tumor cell line proliferation in the same concentration range. The antiproliferative effect against tumor cells was also confirmed using the BrdU test. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the fucan nanogel inhibited 786 cell proliferation through caspase and caspase-independent mechanisms. In addition, SNFuc blocks 786 cell passages in the S and G2-M phases of the cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Departament of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, Brazil.|Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nednaldo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dantas-Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Departament of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, Brazil.|Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jailma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almeida-Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Departament of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arthur Anthunes Jacome
authors.initials: AAJ
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Departament of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dayanne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lopes Gomes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Departament of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medeiros Oliveira
authors.affiliation: IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological Engineering, Minho University, Braga 4704-553, Portugal.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santos Pedrosa
authors.affiliation: IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological Engineering, Minho University, Braga 4704-553, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological Engineering, Minho University, Braga 4704-553, Portugal.
authors.forename: Francisco Miguel
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Gama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Departament of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, Brazil.|Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59078-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hugo Alexandre
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2252-1221
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Oliveira Rocha
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D000080385:Nanogels; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D016196:S Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D000080385:Nanogels; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011108:Polymers; D011134:Polysaccharides; C413692:polyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine nanogel; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; C007789:fucoidan; C013553:hexadecylamine
keywords: Spatoglossum schröederi; cancer cells; nanogels; sulfated polysaccharides