title: Translating new knowledge into practices: reconceptualising stroke as an emergency condition.
abstract: OBJECTIVES To examine how the new concept of stroke as an emergency condition led to the development of new clinical pathways for stroke patients in Newcastle Upon Tyne, implemented through protocols which were then rapidly adopted across the UK and further afield. METHODS Historical analysis using health policy documents, published papers and correspondence on stroke alongside 17 interviews with stroke clinicians and managers in the UK and the US. RESULTS The challenges of implementation stemmed from organisational and professional barriers rather than scientific or technological difficulties. Stroke's historical status as a non-treatable illness was a barrier to the adoption of acute treatments. Building new pathways for stroke patients by developing protocols for paramedics and emergency room staff originated as a local solution to a local problem but were taken up widely. DISCUSSION Understanding the clinical response to the reconceptualisation of stroke as a treatable disease contributes to our understandings of the relations between clinical research and practice. These findings have implications for how we understand the translation of new knowledge into practice and its transfer across different clinical communities and settings. Protocols are shown to be a particularly valuable tool, bridging knowledge between communities and manifesting a new identity for stroke.
authors.affiliation: Center for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. stephanie.snow@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Snow
mesh_terms: D019091:Critical Pathways / Q000266:history*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents
keywords: Stroke; emergency medicine; evidence-based medicine; knowledge transfer; thrombolysis