title: Review article: a comparison of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent advancements in understanding the roles and functions of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and 2 (GLP-2) have provided a basis for targeting these peptides in therapeutic strategies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarise the preclinical and clinical research supporting the discovery of new therapeutic molecules targeting GLP-1 and GLP-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is based on a comprehensive PubMed search, representing literature published during the past 30 years related to GLP-1 and GLP-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although produced and secreted together primarily from L cells of the intestine in response to ingestion of nutrients, GLP-1 and GLP-2 exhibit distinctive biological functions that are governed by the expression of their respective receptors, GLP-1R and GLP-2R. Through widespread expression in the pancreas, intestine, nervous tissue, et cetera, GLP-1Rs facilitates an incretin effect along with effects on appetite and satiety. GLP-1 analogues resistant to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV have been developed to aid treatment of diabetes and obesity. The GLP-2R is expressed almost exclusively in the stomach and bowel. The most apparent role for GLP-2 is its promotion of growth and function of intestinal mucosa, which has been targeted for therapies that promote repair and adaptive growth. These are used as treatments for intestinal failure and related conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our growing understanding of the biology and function of GLP-1, GLP-2 and corresponding receptors has fostered further discovery of fundamental biological function as well as new categories of potent therapeutic medicines.
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotondo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mulé
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1