title: Maternal pre-pregnancy underweight and fetal growth in relation to institute of medicine recommendations for gestational weight gain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Maternal nutritional status is one of the most important factors of fetal growth and development. Consequently, the currently increasing prevalence of underweight women worldwide has come in the focus of interest of perinatal medicine. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of low pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on fetal growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 4678 pregnant women and their neonates were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-pregnancy BMI of study women was categorized according to the WHO standards. Fetal growth was assessed by birth weight and birth length, birth weight for gestational age, and ponderal index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study group included 351 (7.6%) women with pregestational BMI<18.5kg/m(2), while all women with pregestational BMI 18.5-25kg/m(2) (n=3688; 78.8%) served as a control group. The mean birth weight and birth length of neonates born to underweight mothers were by 167g and 0.8cm lower in comparison with the neonates born to mothers of normal nutritional status, respectively (P<0.001 both). The prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) births was twofold that found in the control group of mothers of normal nutritional status (9.7% vs. 4.9%; P<0.001). The inappropriately low gestational weight gain additionally increased the rate of SGA infants in the group of mothers with low pre-pregnancy BMI (21.4% vs. 10.4%; P=0.02). Pre-pregnancy BMI category did not influence neonatal growth symmetry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low maternal pregestational BMI is associated with fetal growth assessment. Improvement of the maternal nutritional status before pregnancy can increase the likelihood of perinatal outcome.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia. milkajeric@net.hr
authors.forename: Milka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeric
authors.forename: Damir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roje
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Medic
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strinic
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mestrovic
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vulic
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D017523:Croatia; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D015969:National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013851:Thinness / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014481:United States