title: Characterization of the recent outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT2 in Egypt.
abstract: An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Egypt affected approximately 40,000 cattle and water buffaloes and killed more than 4,600 animals during February-March 2012. To investigate the etiology of the 2012 outbreak, specimens were collected from six governorates and analyzed using universal primers to amplify the 5' untranslated region (UTR) by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Only FMDV-SAT2 was detected, with an overall detection rate of 80.3 %. Complete VP1- and leader-proteinase-coding sequences, obtained from three isolates from three different governorates, were compared with previously reported sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences indicated that the circulating viruses were homogeneous and were closely related to topotype VII. Importantly, the newly emerged viruses were genetically closely related to strains isolated from Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea and Cameroon between 2000 and 2010, suggesting the dominant nature of this virus and underscoring the need for worldwide intensive surveillance to minimize its devastating consequences.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12311, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kandeil
authors.forename: Rabeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El-Shesheny
authors.forename: Ghazi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kayali
authors.forename: Yassmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moatasim
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bagato
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darwish
authors.forename: Alkhateib
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaffar
authors.forename: Abdelgayed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Younes
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Farag
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kutkat
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002020:Buffaloes; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D012703:Serotyping; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; C442501:VP1 protein, Foot-and-mouth disease virus; D014764:Viral Proteins; C057421:virus protein 2A