title: Alternatives to revision total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: Most problems encountered in complex revision   total knee arthroplasty can be managed with the wide range of implant   systems currently available. Modular metaphyseal sleeves, metallic   augments and cones provide stability even with significant bone   loss. Hinged designs substitute for significant ligamentous deficiencies.   Catastrophic failure that precludes successful reconstruction can   be encountered. The alternatives to arthroplasty in such drastic   situations include knee arthrodesis, resection arthroplasty and   amputation. The relative indications for the selection of these   alternatives are recurrent deep infection, immunocompromised host,   and extensive non-reconstructible bone or soft-tissue defects.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 12606 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75243, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Huo
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007720:Knee Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome