title: A concept analysis of self-efficacy among Chinese elderly with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of concept analysis of self-efficacy in elderly with diabetes in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature was systematically retrieved from 2000 to 2011 using five databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, OVID, PsycInfo, and Web of Science. The key words used in the search were self-efficacy, diabetes, type 2, aged, self-care, and China. The electronic search was supplemented by a manual search of current issues of periodicals and follow-up of other cited materials, where appropriate. A total of 45 articles were retrieved. After a careful review of the 45 articles most relevant to the topic, 31 articles remained. They were used to complete a concept analysis using Walker and Avant's technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four defining attributes of self-efficacy were identified: (a) cognitive recognition of requisite specific techniques and skills required to undertake diabetes self-management, (b) perceived expectations of the outcomes of self-management, (c) confidence in the capability to perform self-management, and (d) sustained efforts in self-management of diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-efficacy has been an important determinant in self-management among elderly with diabetes. The application of self-efficacy should be incorporated into decision-making and problem-solving procedures when caring for older adults with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. tliu26@emory.edu
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009742:Nursing Theory; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016746:Transcultural Nursing / Q000379:methods*