title: Factors associated with specific clinical forms of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected Brazilian adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assesses the association among factors related with specific clinical forms of oral candidiasis (OC) in HIV-infected Brazilian adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted with 590 HIV-infected adults from 1997 to 2004. The OC diagnosis was based in accordance with the EC-Clearinghouse classification. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to measure the association between HAART and OC, with pseudomembranous [PC], erythematous [EC], and angular cheilitis [AC]) adjusted for HIV-related diseases, smoking, alcohol consumption, injecting and non-injecting drug use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and eighteen (37.0%) individuals were undergoing HAART. The prevalence of PC, EC and AC was 21.2%, 15.7% and 8.8%, respectively. Approximately 64% of the individuals with PC and EC, and 76.5% with AC had absolute CD4 levels ≤200cells/mm(3). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that subjects not undergoing HAART had a significantly higher odds ratio for PC [OR 3.67 (95% CI: 1.97-6.80)] and EC [OR 1.88 (95% CI: 1.04-3.39)], and AC [OR 4.56 (95% CI: 1.58-13.19)]. In addition, smoking [OR 2.58 (95% CI: 1.43-4.68)] and pneumocystis pneumonia [OR 1.92 (95% CI: 1.07-3.42)] were associated with PC, while high alcohol consumption [OR 3.40 (95% CI: 1.13-10.18)] and cytomegalovirus infection [OR 2.34 (95% CI: 1.06-5.15)] were associated with EC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicates that the odds of having all clinical forms of OC are higher in HIV-infected adults not receiving HAART.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. luciogoncalves@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Lucio Souza
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Arley Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Júnior
authors.forename: Sônia Maria Soares
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Celso Oliveira
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Tatiana Vasconcellos
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Fontes
authors.forename: Mario Vianna
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Vettore
authors.forename: Sandra Regina
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001938:Brazil; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002613:Cheilitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000175:diagnosis; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000175:diagnosis; D012907:Smoking; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult