title: Exposure to a galactooligosaccharides/inulin prebiotic mix at different developmental time points differentially modulates immune responses in mice.
abstract: Prebiotics constitute emerging tools to alleviate immune pathologies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prebiotic exposure during perinatal and postweaning periods on immune and gut regulations. Mice were fed either a galactooligosaccharides/inulin prebiotic mix-enriched diet or a control diet during the perinatal and/or postweaning periods. Biomarkers related to gut barrier function (SCFA, heat shock proteins, zonula occludens protein-1, and mucin-2) and immune mechanisms (IgA, IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-17A, and IFN-γ) were analyzed. The milk of dams fed the prebiotic diet was more concentrated in both IgA and TGF-β when prebiotics were introduced during both the perinatal and postweaning periods; IL-10, IgA, and IgG2a were increased in pups; and expression of intestinal markers was more pronounced. Postweaning exposure to prebiotics alone induced higher INF-γ and TGF-β levels, whereas IgA levels fell. Combined exposure periods (perinatal/postweaning) to prebiotics increased tolerance-related immunoglobulins in pups and reinforced gut barrier functions.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 1268 BIA, rue de la Géraudière, B.P. 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gourbeyre
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Desbuards
authors.forename: Guilaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grémy
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Gall
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Champ
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denery-Papini
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodinier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007444:Inulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D055262:Mucin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056692:Prebiotics; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014886:Weaning; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C524626:Muc2 protein, mouse; D055262:Mucin-2; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics; C569043:Tjp1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007444:Inulin