title: Molecular epidemiology of group A human rotaviruses in North West region, Cameroon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children <5 years of age worldwide accounting for 527,000 deaths annually. Over 80% of these deaths occur in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. RV vaccines have significantly reduced RV-associated morbidity and mortalities in several countries like the United States and Mexico while vaccine trials have proved efficacious in Ghana and other developing countries. However, there is paucity of data on RV infection in Cameroon where diarrhea is a major childhood disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 534 stool specimens collected between January 2003 and December 2004 from children with acute gastroenteritis in five health districts in the NWR of Cameroon were screened for group A human rotavirus antigen by ELISA and their electropherotypes determined by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RV was detected in 153 (28.7%) diarrheic specimens with infection occurring throughout the year, being more common in children under two years of age (P < 0.01) with the highest incidence in the 7-9 months age group (P <0.05). Sub clinical infections (9%) occurred mostly in children aged 0 - 6 months old (P<0.01). Source of drinking water was not associated with RV infection. Eleven electropherotype patterns were detected with predominance of long electropherotypes (92.8%) and mixed electropherotypes were seen only in hospitalized children. Some isolates showed overlapping or merged genome segments 7 and 8 or 9 and presenting with 10 segments of the RV genome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RV is a significant cause of pediatric diarrhea in the NWR affecting mostly children under 2 years of age. Continuous RV surveillance and nationwide surveys are recommended to improve the health of young children in Cameroon. More research is needed to fully characterize the isolated RV strains.
authors.affiliation: Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Florence Azie
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Mbuh
authors.forename: George Enyimah
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Armah
authors.forename: Sunday Aremu
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Omilabu
authors.forename: Aliyu Ahmadu
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Jarlath Udoudo
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Umoh
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral
keywords: Rotavirus; diarrhea; electropherotypes; molecular epidemiology