title: Effects of different bladder management methods on the quality of life in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.
abstract: METHODS
  Multi-center, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of different bladder management methods on the quality of life (QoL) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive SCI patients (n=195, 74.4% males), for whom at least 6 months had elapsed since the injury, were included and evaluated in five groups: normal spontaneous micturition (NSM), micturition with assisted maneuvers (MAM), aseptic intermittent catheterization by patient (IC-P), aseptic IC by an attendant/caregiver (IC-A) and indwelling catheterization. The King's Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate the patients' QoL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bladder management groups were similar regarding age, time elapsed since injury, education level, marital and occupational status. There was no difference among the groups in general health perception, personal relationships and sleep/energy domain scores. While the NSM group had generally the lowest scores, that is, better QoL, the IC-A group had the highest scores, that is, poorer QoL, in most of the domains. When the patients were grouped according to the frequency of urinary incontinence or American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grades, no difference was found in the domain scores of the groups except the symptom severity domain scores. No significant difference was found between paraplegic and tetraplegic patients in the King's Health Questionnaire domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QoL was notably affected in SCI patients in IC-A group and negative effects on emotional status, physical and social activity limitations were observed, as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey. yesim.akkoc@gmail.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akkoç
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ersöz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yıldız
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erhan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alaca
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gök
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zinnuroğlu
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Özçete
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tunç
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alemdaroğlu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarıgül
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konukçu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gündüz
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Bardak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Özcan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Güneş
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uygunol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult