title: Toilet training method is not related to dysfunctional voiding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toilet training is an important marker of physical and psychosocial development, but the best strategy for implementing training is still unknown. The purpose of this study is to compare dysfunctional voiding outcomes for 2 common toilet training strategies: parent-oriented training and child-oriented training.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was completed using a case-control design, with participants between the ages of 4 and 12 years. All participants were asked to complete questionnaires related to demographics and toilet training method. Results were then analyzed between cases and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 215 patients with a mean age 7.76 years participated in this study. Cases and controls showed no significant difference for demographic measures and socioeconomic status. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in dysfunctional voiding between toilet training methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Toilet training method does not seem to have any long-term effect on dysfunctional voiding. As such, clinicians should advise parents that both methods are acceptable.
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA. colacoma@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colaco
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Dona
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barone
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014039:Toilet Training; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000523:psychology; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology