title: Electrospun fibro-porous polyurethane coatings for implantable glucose biosensors.
abstract: This study reports methods for coating miniature implantable glucose biosensors with electrospun polyurethane (PU) membranes, their effects on sensor function and efficacy as mass-transport limiting membranes. For electrospinning fibres directly on sensor surface, both static and dynamic collector systems, were designed and tested. Optimum collector configurations were first ascertained by FEA modelling. Both static and dynamic collectors allowed complete covering of sensors, but it was the dynamic collector that produced uniform fibro-porous PU coatings around miniature ellipsoid biosensors. The coatings had random fibre orientation and their uniform thickness increased linearly with increasing electrospinning time. The effects of coatings having an even spread of submicron fibre diameters and sub-100 μm thicknesses on glucose biosensor function were investigated. Increasing thickness and fibre diameters caused a statistically insignificant decrease in sensor sensitivity for the tested electrospun coatings. The sensors' linearity for the glucose detection range of 2-30 mM remained unaffected. The electrospun coatings also functioned as mass-transport limiting membranes by significantly increasing the linearity, replacing traditional epoxy-PU outer coating. To conclude, electrospun coatings, having controllable fibro-porous structure and thicknesses, on miniature ellipsoid glucose biosensors were demonstrated to have minimal effect on pre-implantation sensitivity and also to have mass-transport limiting ability.
authors.affiliation: Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burugapalli
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halls
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moussy
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Yudong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004595:Electroplating / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D012399:Rotation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011140:Polyurethanes