title: Risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes in women treated or not treated with mood stabilisers for bipolar disorder: population based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes for treated and untreated bipolar disorder during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based cohort study using data from national health registers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  332,137 women with a last menstrual period anytime after 1 July 2005 and giving birth anytime before the end of 31 December 2009. Women with a record of at least two bipolar diagnoses were identified and grouped as treated (n = 320)-those who had filled a prescription for mood stabilisers (lithium, antipsychotics, or anticonvulsants) during pregnancy-or untreated (n = 554). Both groups were compared with all other women giving birth (n = 331,263).
  
  
  METHODS
  Preterm birth, mode of labour initiation, gestational diabetes, infants born small or large for gestational age, neonatal morbidity, and congenital malformations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the untreated women, 30.9% (n = 171) were induced or had a planned caesarean delivery compared with 20.7% (n = 68,533) without bipolar disorder (odds ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 1.90). The corresponding values for the treated women were 37.5% (n = 120) (2.12, 1.68 to 2.67). The risks of preterm birth in both treated and untreated women were increased by 50%. Of the untreated women, 3.9% (n = 542) had a microcephalic infant compared with 2.3% (324,844) of the women without bipolar disorder (1.68, 1.07 to 2.62). The corresponding values for the treated women were 3.3% (n = 311) (1.26, 0.67 to 2.37). Similar trends were observed for risks of infants being small for gestational age infants for weight and length. Among infants of untreated women, 4.3% (n = 24) had neonatal hypoglycaemia compared with 2.5% (n=8302) among infants of women without bipolar disorder (1.51, 1.04 to 2.43), and 3.4% (n = 11) of the treated women (1.18, 0.64 to 2.16). The analyses of variation in outcomes did not support any significant differences between treated and untreated women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bipolar disorder in women during pregnancy, whether treated or not, was associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Ing 15 3tr, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. robert.boden@neuro.uu.se
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bodén
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reutfors
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kieler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012016:Reference Values; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents