title: Advances in compact proton spectrometers for inertial-confinement fusion and plasma nuclear science.
abstract: Compact wedge-range-filter proton spectrometers cover proton energies ∼3-20 MeV. They have been used at the OMEGA laser facility for more than a decade for measuring spectra of primary D(3)He protons in D(3)He implosions, secondary D(3)He protons in DD implosions, and ablator protons in DT implosions; they are now being used also at the National Ignition Facility. The spectra are used to determine proton yields, shell areal density at shock-bang time and compression-bang time, fuel areal density, and implosion symmetry. There have been changes in fabrication and in analysis algorithms, resulting in a wider energy range, better accuracy and precision, and better robustness for survivability with indirect-drive inertial-confinement-fusion experiments.
authors.affiliation: Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA. seguin@mit.edu
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Seguin
authors.forename: N
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authors.lastname: Sinenian
authors.forename: M
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authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: A
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authors.lastname: Zylstra
authors.forename: M J-E
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Manuel
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authors.lastname: Sio
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authors.lastname: Waugh
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Rinderknecht
authors.forename: M Gatu
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frenje
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R
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authors.lastname: Petrasso
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Sangster
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roberts