title: Conflict of interest disclosures for clinical practice guidelines in the national guideline clearinghouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conflict of interest (COI) is an important potential source of bias in the development of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and high rates of COI among guideline authors have been reported in the past. Our objective was to report current rates of disclosure and specific author COI across a broad range of CPGs and to examine whether CPG characteristics were associated with the presence of disclosures and of conflicts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We selected a random sample of 250 CPGs listed in the National Guideline Clearinghouse on November 22, 2010, representing approximately a 10% sample of guidelines listed in the NGC on that date. We abstracted information on author COI from each CPG and examined predictors of the disclosures and COI using a logistic generalized estimating equation regression model. 87% of organizations developing guidelines had a CPG-specific policy, however, 40% of CPGs did not indicate that they had collected disclosures from guideline authors. In addition, 42% of organizations that did collect author disclosures did not have those disclosures available in the public domain. Of CPGs where we had disclosures for all authors, 60% had one or more authors with a conflict. On average, 28% of the authors of CPGs with available disclosures had a COI. Guidelines that were published in journals with an impact factor greater than 5.0 were more likely to have one or more authors with a COI than guidelines not published in journals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rates of disclosure of author COI and the public availability of that information are unacceptably low, however rates of COI among guideline authors may have decreased in recent years. Continued efforts are needed to establish and enforce optimal COI policies in clinical practice guideline development in order to minimize the risk of bias associated with those conflicts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America. norriss@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Haley K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Holmer
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ogden
authors.forename: Shelley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Selph
authors.forename: Rongwei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D001319:Authorship; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D030881:Disclosure / Q000941:ethics; D035081:Editorial Policies; D005378:Financial Support / Q000941:ethics; D006801:Humans; D055811:Journal Impact Factor; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic