title: [Not Available].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims at examining risk factors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) such as comorbidities and adversity factors in members of a family with ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  137 parents of 104 children with ADHD and 40 parents of 34 typically developing (TD) children filled a questionnaire. Chi-square tests and Student tests measured the association between each group and items of the questionnaire as well as the differences between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis revealed overall decreased academic performances in children with ADHD compared to the TD children. Furthermore, ADHD was substantially more associated with learning, conduct, anxiety and oppositional disorders relative to TD children. Learning difficulties were more frequently reported by fathers of children with ADHD. Mothers of children with ADHD suffered more from depression and anxious disorder and were taking more medication than their TD correspondents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results revealed a link between parents and children, namely depression and anxious disorder in mothers and learning difficulties in fathers of children with ADHD, suggesting a familial component to the disorder. The low report of ADHD diagnosis in fathers of children with ADHD is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Santé et Société, Montréal, Québec ; Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poissant
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rapin