title: Long-term effect of haloperidol, olanzapine, and risperidone on plasma prolactin levels in patients with first-episode psychosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main goal of this study was to assess the long-term effect of haloperidol, olanzapine, and risperidone on serum prolactin levels in a naturalistically treated first-episode psychosis population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients included in this study were drawn from a prospective, randomized, open-label clinical trial. Prolactin levels were measured in 110 patients with medication-naive first-episode psychosis at baseline, 3 months, and 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between treatments (F = 17.28, P < 0.001). At 1-year follow-up, most patients in the haloperidol and olanzapine arms had prolactin values that fell within the reference range. Patients treated with risperidone experienced a significant increase at 3 months resulting in prolactin levels above the reference range in 90% of men and 87% of women. The levels showed a tendency to decrease at 1 year, although still more than 70% of the values remained above the normative range. Sexual adverse drug reactions at 1 year assessed by the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser scale showed that a higher percentage (39.3%) of patients had symptoms in the risperidone group compared to the olanzapine group (24%) or haloperidol group (20%), but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.281).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Olanzapine and haloperidol treatments do not significantly affect serum prolactin levels at long term. After 1 year, elevated prolactin levels persist in most patients treated with risperidone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, University of Cantabria, Spain. rocio.perez-iglesias@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Iglesias
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mata
authors.forename: Obdulia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Martínez-García
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Garcia-Unzueta
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Amado
authors.forename: Elsa M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Valdizán
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Barquero
authors.forename: Benedicto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crespo-Facorro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D011388:Prolactin; D006220:Haloperidol; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine