title: In vitro fermentation of grape seed flavan-3-ol fractions by human faecal microbiota: changes in microbial groups and phenolic metabolites.
abstract: With the aim of investigating the potential of flavan-3-ols to influence the growth of intestinal bacterial groups, we have carried out the in vitro fermentation, with human faecal microbiota, of two purified fractions from grape seed extract (GSE): GSE-M (70% monomers and 28% procyanidins) and GSE-O (21% monomers and 78% procyanidins). Samples were collected at 0, 5, 10, 24, 30 and 48 h of fermentation for bacterial enumeration by fluorescent in situ hybridization and for analysis of phenolic metabolites. Both GSE-M and GSE-O fractions promoted growth of Lactobacillus/Enterococcus and decrease in the Clostridium histolyticum group during fermentation, although the effects were only statistically significant with GSE-M for Lactobacillus/Enterococcus (at 5 and 10 h of fermentation) and GSE-O for C. histolyticum (at 10 h of fermentation). Main changes in polyphenol catabolism also occurred during the first 10 h of fermentation; however, no significant correlation coefficients (P > 0.05) were found between changes in microbial populations and precursor flavan-3-ols or microbial metabolites. Together, these data suggest that the flavan-3-ol profile of a particular food source could affect the microbiota composition and its catabolic activity, inducing changes that could in turn affect the bioavailability and potential bioactivity of these compounds.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cueva
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Patán
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monagas
authors.forename: Gemma E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: Glenn R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Pedro J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Martín-Álvarez
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bartolomé
authors.forename: M Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Moreno-Arribas
mesh_terms: D047009:Hathewaya histolytica / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005285:Fermentation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D054892:Metagenome; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000378:metabolism; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C404987:flavan-3-ol