title: Case clusters of leproid granulomas in foxhounds in New Zealand and Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Canine leproid granuloma (CLG) characteristically presents as single to multiple circumscribed dermal to subcutaneous nodules in haired skin. An unidentified mycobacterium is considered be the aetiological agent of this entity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several cases of canine leproid granulomas occurred in dogs in New Zealand during 2010 and 2011. Cases appeared in clusters, affecting multiple closely related foxhounds domiciled in the same kennels. All affected hounds recovered after topical and/or systemic antimicrobial therapy. Two similar outbreaks that occurred in foxhounds near Melbourne, Australia are also reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were investigated using cytological, histological, microbiological and several molecular techniques. An environmental epidemiological study was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A diagnosis of CLG was established in 11 dogs. Molecular identification of the causative agent confirmed that it was a mycobacterial species with 100% sequence homology within the amplified regions of the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) with that found in association with similar infections from the USA, Brazil and Australia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report details the first occurrence of multiple cases of CLG occurring in in-contact dogs and the first proven case of CLG in dogs in New Zealand.
authors.affiliation: Gribbles Veterinary, Hamilton, New Zealand. bronwyn.smits@gribbles.co.nz
authors.forename: Bronwyn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Studdert
authors.forename: Desmond M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fyfe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D006099:Granuloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*