title: Urinary lipid and protein oxidation products upon halothane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane anesthesia in humans: potential biomarkers for a subclinical nephrotoxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether lipid and protein oxidation products are elevated and correlated with routine clinical markers of hepatic and renal function in patients anesthetized with halothane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine and blood samples were collected from patient groups. Excretion of aldehydes, acetone, and o,o'-dityrosine was measured before and after anesthesia. Blood samples were analysed for clinical markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary concentrations of aldehydes, acetone, o,o'-dityrosine and glucose were significantly increased after anesthesia in halothane and sevoflurane groups earlier than clinical markers. Significant correlations were found in sevoflurane group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipid and protein oxidation contributes to subclinical sevoflurane nephrotoxicity. Oxidation products may serve as early biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey. horhan@gmail.com
authors.forename: Hilmi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: Altan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Gonul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Ulku
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aypar
authors.forename: Nico P E
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000652:urine; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000652:urine; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006029:Glycosuria / Q000209:etiology; D006221:Halothane / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008055:Lipids / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000096:Acetone; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014443:Tyrosine; C007543:dityrosine; D007530:Isoflurane; D006221:Halothane