title: Effects of adding food by-products mainly including noodle waste to total mixed ration silage on fermentation quality, feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen utilization and ruminal fermentation in wethers.
abstract: Four wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the applicability of two types of total mixed ration (TMR) silage with food by-products. Four food by-products (i.e., potato waste, soy sauce cake, soybean curd residue and noodle waste) were obtained and mixed with commercial concentrate (CC) as TMR silage. The two types of TMR silage, T1 and T2, each contained CC, in addition to all by-products for T1 (TRE1), and soy sauce cake and noodle waste for T2 (TRE2) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The silage was well-fermented with low pH values and high lactic acid concentration. As the experimental treatments, T1, T2 and CC (CTL) were fed with a basal diet. The result showed that the digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) were higher for T1 than for CC (P < 0.05), while crude protein digestibility was not significantly different among T1, T2 and CC. The retained nitrogen was not affected by inclusion of food by-products. Ruminal pH in TRE1 and TRE2 immediately decreased compared to that in CTL. The study suggested that the two types of TMR silage, including food by-products, might be used as a substitute for commercial concentrate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Srita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yani
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Kazato
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumagai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004063:Digestion; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology*; D005502:Food; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology*; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis; D062611:Solid Waste
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste; D009584:Nitrogen