title: Effects of thirty-times chewing per bite on secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in healthy volunteers and type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is secreted from the small intestine to the blood in response to glucose intake during a meal; however, it is not known whether mastication affects GLP-1 secretion. Here, we examined the relationship between mastication and GLP-1 secretion, along with postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations. We compared the levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, and plasma active GLP-1 concentrations after young healthy volunteers ate a test meal either by usual eating (control) or in one of three specified ways: 1. unilateral chewing, 2. quick eating, 3. 30-times chewing per bite. Ten volunteers participated in each of the three groups. Plasma active GLP-1 concentrations did not change by unilateral chewing or quick eating, but did increase by the third method, without affecting the concentrations of blood glucose or serum insulin. Next, we tested whether 30-times chewing per bite increased plasma active GLP-1 concentrations in 15 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but there was no difference in results between usual eating and 30-times chewing per bite. This is a pilot trial with a small number of subjects, but is the first study to investigate the relationships between various styles of mastication and the GLP-1 secretion in young healthy volunteers and type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Management, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan. sonoki@kyu-dent.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sonoki
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chiwata
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019518:Postprandial Period; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1