title: [Clinical application of flexible bronchoscopy and balloon dilatation in pediatric respiratory diseases under local anesthesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the significance and safety of flexible bronchoscopy and balloon dilatation in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 438 children (236 males and 202 females) with respiratory diseases who were aged from 17 days to 15 years, were examined and/or treated by bronchoscopy (including bronchoscopic intervention) under local anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 438 children, 311 were diagnosed with pulmonary infection, 68 with atelectasis, 36 with recurrent cough and asthma, 6 with hemoptysis of unknown origin, 6 with bronchial foreign body, 5 with congenital bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 2 with bronchiectasis, 1 with ciliary dyskinesia syndrome, 1 with lung tumor, and 2 with congenital immunodeficiency disease. After bronchoscopic examination, local flushing or bronchoalveolar lavage, and foreign body extraction, marked response was seen in 379 cases and response was seen in 46 cases. High-pressure balloon dilatation under bronchoscopy was performed in 5 cases with inflammatory stricture and achieved satisfying clinical effect. No severe complications were found in bronchoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchoscopy and balloon dilatation under local anesthesia is safe and effective for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China. guowei_79656@sohu.com
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Li-Ya
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Yong-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Han-Quan
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*