title: The international migration of health care professionals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The international migration of health care professionals has been recognized as a public health concern. A series of 'push' and 'pull' factors have been identified as driving forces for migration of doctors. The USA, UK, Canada and Australia are the main beneficiaries of medical migration, which has adverse consequences for health care systems in developing countries. Recently, a Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel was adopted by the World Health Assembly. In this paper, a summary of the most important recommendations of the Code is presented. In addition, the case of overseas trained psychiatrists in Australia is illustrated. These specialists complain of discriminatory practices due to the lack of recognition of their professional credentials. Research evidence from different countries confirms that international medical graduates face discriminatory obstacles to exercise their rights and practise their professions in developed countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An international strategy is required to promote sustainable health care systems worldwide. Additional academic and scientific partnerships must be established between developed and developing nations in order to minimize discrepancies. There is an urgent need to review policies related to the recognition of medical credentials in host countries, including Australia. There are clear implications for psychiatry and psychiatrists.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. zubaran_jr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zubaran
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D005550:Foreign Medical Graduates / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D009520:New Zealand; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000592:standards; D063508:Social Discrimination / Q000523:psychology; D000078329:Workforce