title: Are patients discharged with care? A qualitative study of perceptions and experiences of patients, family members and care providers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advocates for quality and safety have called for healthcare that is patient-centred and decision-making that involves patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the paper is to explore the barriers and facilitators to patient-centred care in the hospital discharge process.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative study using purposive sampling of 192 individual interviews and 26 focus group interviews was conducted in five European Union countries with patients and/or family members, hospital physicians and nurses, and community general practitioners and nurses. A modified Grounded Theory approach was used to analyse the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The barriers and facilitators were classified into 15 categories from which four themes emerged: (1) healthcare providers do not sufficiently prioritise discharge consultations with patients and family members due to time restraints and competing care obligations; (2) discharge communication varied from instructing patients and family members to shared decision-making; (3) patients often feel unprepared for discharge, and postdischarge care is not tailored to individual patient needs and preferences; and (4) pressure on available hospital beds and community resources affect the discharge process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that involvement of patients and families in the preparations for discharge is determined by the extent to which care providers are willing and able to accommodate patients' and families' capabilities, needs and preferences. Future interventions should be directed at healthcare providers' attitudes and their organisation's leadership, with a focus on improving communication among care providers, patients and families, and between hospital and community care providers.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 114 IQ healthcare, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands. G.Hesselink@iq.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Gijs
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hesselink
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flink
authors.forename: Mariann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barach
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dudzik-Urbaniak
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orrego
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toccafondi
authors.forename: Cor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kalkman
authors.forename: Julie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Lisette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schoonhoven
authors.forename: Myrra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vernooij-Dassen
authors.forename: Hub
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wollersheim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003657:Decision Making; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D005062:European Union; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D017144:Focus Groups; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000592:standards*; D062209:Patient Handoff / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research