title: Elevated levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the aqueous humor after phacoemulsification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the impact of phacoemulsification on aqueous monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels, and identify its cell origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  For clinical study, aqueous humor samples were collected before and after surgery (17.0 ± 4.0 months postoperatively) from 21 cataract cases that underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Aqueous MCP-1 levels were determined using a multiplex immunoassay. For animal experiments, rabbits underwent phacoemulsification (± IOL). Aqueous humor samples were collected from nonoperated eyes and operated eyes, and immunoassays were performed. Eyes were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the clinical study, mean (± SD) aqueous MCP-1 levels were higher postoperatively (1773.5 ± 321.2 pg/mL) than preoperatively (796.9 ± 211.3 pg/mL; P < 0.0001). In animal experiments, mean aqueous MCP-1 levels (pg/mL) were higher in postoperative eyes on day 30 (207.1 ± 62.9) than in nonoperated eyes (31.2 ± 12.5; P = 0.018). IOL implantation did not affect the changes in MCP-1 levels. After phacoemulsification, MCP-1 mRNA expression was increased in the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and capsular bag. Expression of MCP-1 mRNA in the capsular bag, but not the other tissues, increased from day 30 to 90. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive immunoreactivity for MCP-1 in cells of the posterior capsule after phacoemulsification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  aqueous MCP-1 levels were elevated in both human and animal eyes after phacoemulsification. Proliferated Lens epithelial cells on the capsule might be the major cell origin for prolonged MCP-1 production after phacoemulsification. (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ number, UMIN000005788.).
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Motofumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inatani
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shobayashi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.forename: Akitoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanihara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000378:metabolism; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007498:Iris / Q000378:metabolism; D007903:Lens Capsule, Crystalline / Q000378:metabolism; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016209:Interleukin-8; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C075278:platelet-derived growth factor A