title: Modification of smoke toxicant yields alters the effects of cigarette smoke extracts on endothelial migration: an in vitro study using a cardiovascular disease model.
abstract: Endothelial damage plays a key role in atherosclerosis and this is impacted upon by numerous risk factors including cigarette smoking. A potential measure to reduce the cardiovascular burden associated with smoking is to reduce smoke toxicant exposure. In an in vitro endothelial damage repair assay, endothelial cell migration was inhibited by cigarette smoke particulate matter (PM) generated from several cigarette types. This inhibition was reduced when cells were exposed to PM from an experimental cigarette with reduced smoke toxicant levels. As a number of toxicants induce oxidative stress and since oxidative stress may link cigarette smoke and endothelial damage, we hypothesized that PM effects were dependent on elevated cellular oxidants. However, although PM-induced cellular oxidant production could be inhibited by ascorbic acid or n-acetylcysteine, both these antioxidants were without effect on migration responses to PM. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species production, as indicated by dihydroethidium fluorescence, was not different in cells exposed to smoke from cigarettes with different toxicant levels. In summary, our data demonstrate that a cardiovascular disease-related biological response may be modified when cells are exposed to smoke containing different levels of toxicants. This appeared independent of the induction of oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: British American Tobacco, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK. ian_fearon@bat.com
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.forename: Daniel O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Acheampong
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D014026:Nicotiana; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012906:Smoke; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D000111:Acetylcysteine