title: Urethral cancer.
abstract: Urethral carcinoma is a rare tumor with predominantly poor survival. Both the disease and its treatment can affect both sexual and urinary function. The natural history of urethral carcinoma varies, therefore the appropriate application of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy remain unknown. Management of this disease remains driven by individual clinician experience and data derived from small case series. This article discusses the histology and anatomy of the male and female urethra, as well as their natural history. In addition, the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and future directions of management of cancer arising in the urethra are addressed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Petros D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Grivas
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Montie
authors.forename: L Priya
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kunju
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Alon Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Weizer
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*