title: Continuous positive airway pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder, increasingly recognized. It is commonly present in obese persons, treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), being the gold standard. The disorder has been associated with diabetes mellitus and possibly related to hypoxia per se, increased sympathetic activity, disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increased inflammatory cytokines and leptin, all of which can adversely affect both glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Given this association and the presence of common risk factors, this review assessed the impact of CPAP on diabetes mellitus through various metabolic parameters including HbA1c, nocturnal glucose and insulin resistance, in addition to the effect of CPAP on the prevention of diabetes mellitus. Results have been conflicting; Randomized controlled trials are recommended to allow objective and definite conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, New York, NY 10017, United States.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chakhtoura
authors.forename: Sami T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Azar
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human