title: Hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization.
abstract: This article describes the basic physics of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dissolution-DNP), and the impact of the resulting highly nonequilibrium spin states, on the physics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection. The hardware requirements for clinical translation of this technology are also presented. For studies that allow the use of externally administered agents, hyperpolarization offers a way to overcome normal magnetic resonance sensitivity limitations, at least for a brief T(1)-dependent observation window. A 10,000-100,000-fold signal-to-noise advantage provides an avenue for real-time measurement of perfusion, metabolite transport, exchange, and metabolism. The principles behind these measurements, as well as the choice of agent, and progress toward the application of hyperpolarized (13)C metabolic imaging in oncology, cardiology, and neurology are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, California, USA. ralph.hurd@ge.com
authors.forename: Ralph E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hurd
authors.forename: Yi-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jan Henrik
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ardenkjaer-Larsen
mesh_terms: D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013113:Spin Labels