title: Prevalence of glucose intolerance among children and adolescents in urban South India (ORANGE-2).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the prevalence of glucose intolerance (prediabetes or diabetes) in children and adolescents in urban South India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (6-11 years old) and adolescents (12-19 years old) (n=1,519; 777 boys and 742 girls) were randomly selected from residential apartments representing the 10 corporation zones of Chennai city. Height, weight, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and blood pressure were measured using standardized techniques. Investigations included oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), lipid profile, and fasting insulin. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of glucose intolerance was 3.7% but was higher in girls compared with boys (4.2% vs. 3.2%, P<0.001) and increased to 12.7% in girls with abdominal obesity. On univariate regression, the following risk factors showed significant association with glucose intolerance in girls: adolescent age group (odds ratio [OR] 2.94; confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 7.76), waist circumference (OR 4.45; CI 1.95, 10.14), body mass index (OR 2.73; CI 1.32, 5.65), acanthosis nigricans (OR 2.35; CI 1.14, 4.83), family history of diabetes (OR 2.52; CI 1.07, 5.92), and HOMA-IR (OR 9.30; CI 3.59, 24.12). On multivariate analysis, only family history of diabetes (OR 4.11; CI 1.28, 13.22; P=0.018) and HOMA-IR (OR 11.22; CI 4.19, 30.05; P<0.001) remained significant. In boys only HOMA-IR (OR 5.19; CI 1.54, 17.44; P=0.008) was associated with glucose intolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of glucose intolerance is high in Asian Indian adolescents, particularly in girls with abdominal obesity.
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Chennai, India .
authors.forename: Harish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ranjani
authors.forename: Jagadesan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sonya
authors.forename: Ranjit M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anjana
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005190:Family; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose