title: Unusual case of recurrent heterotopic pregnancy after bilateral salpingectomy and literature review.
abstract: Heterotopic pregnancy occurs in up to 1% of pregnancies after IVF and embryo transfer. A case of a 35-year-old woman undergoing IVF treatment who had had previous laparoscopic bilateral salpingectomy due to hydrosalpinges is presented. She had had two heterotopic pregnancies in both tubal stumps in consecutive pregnancies achieved by IVF. The intrauterine pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortions. The possibility of a heterotopic pregnancy needs to be considered when more than one embryo has been transferred in a cycle, especially when an inappropriately high serum β-human chorionic gonadotrophin concentration is associated with an ultrasound finding of singleton intrauterine pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Hadera, Israel. tal.shavit@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shavit
authors.forename: Einat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paz-Shalom
authors.forename: Eylon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lachman
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fainaru
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ellenbogen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D063192:Pregnancy, Heterotopic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012008:Recurrence; D058994:Salpingectomy; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging