title: Implantable versus cuffed external central venous catheters for the management of children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine if there is a difference between complications for totally implantable central venous catheters (ports) and tunnelled external central venous catheters (external CVCs) that result in early removal of the central venous catheter (CVC) in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).
  
  
  METHODS
  All children hospitalised between November 1996 and December 2007 with ALL who had a CVC were included retrospectively. We analysed data regarding the patient's first CVC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 322 patients. 254 received a port and 68 received an external CVC. There were 102 CVC complications that required removal of the CVC prior to the completion of chemotherapy (65 in patients with ports, 37 in patients with external CVCs). Overall complications requiring CVC removal were significantly less likely to occur in the patient's with ports (p < 0.001). Ports were significantly less likely to require removal prior to the end of treatment overall (p < 0.001) and for specific complications such as infection (p < 0.001) and dislodgement (p = 0.001). However, when adjusted for disease severity there is no difference in premature CVC removal rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When patients are risk-stratified for disease severity there is no difference in rates of CVC removal prior to completion of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Surgical Department, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK. alanwhite@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Diaa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dawrant
authors.forename: Soroush
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sohrabi
authors.forename: Alastair L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Roly
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Squire
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult