title: [Net power and energy of cooled antenna microwave ablation:ex vivo versus in vivo results in porcine liver].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the net power and net energy of a cooled antenna radiator in ex vivo and in vivo porcine livers.
  
  
  METHODS
  All animal experiments complied with the guidelines of our animal use committee. Microwave ablation (MWA) was performed in ex vivo and in vivo porcine livers with a cooled-shaft antenna in different microwave ablation parameter groups (50, 80 and 110 W for 10 min). The energy losses from the microwave antenna or cables were calculated. And the net power, net energy and the relationship between net power and power readout were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the power displayed by the machine indicated 50 W, 80 W and 110 W, the net power during MWA was 31.3 ± 0.6, 47.3 ± 0.8 and 62.1 ± 0.9 W ex vivo and 31.8 ± 0.8, 47.4 ± 0.3 and 61.7 ± 1.5 W in vivo. For the same power readout, the ex vivo or in vivo effective power was the same (P = 0.841, P = 0.133, P = 0.551). For both ex vivo and in vivo experiments, the ratio of microwave antenna energy loss to microwave antenna input energy was relatively constant (P = 0.613, 0.326). For the same treatment time and net power, the difference was significant between ex vivo and in vivo ablation volumes (P = 0.001, 0.006, 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using net power as a reference during MWA is more accurate compared to the traditional power readout. And net energy offers a more realistic reflection of MWA energy in tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Wei-jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-lei
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D013552:Swine