title: Identification of novel in vivo MAP kinase substrates in Arabidopsis thaliana through use of tandem metal oxide affinity chromatography.
abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades are important for eukaryotic signal transduction. They convert extracellular stimuli (e.g. some hormones, growth factors, cytokines, microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns) into intracellular responses while at the same time amplifying the transmitting signal. By doing so, they ensure proper performance, and eventually survival, of a given organism, for example in times of stress. MPK cascades function via reversible phosphorylation of cascade components MEKKs, MEKs, and MPKs. In plants the identity of most MPK substrates remained elusive until now. Here, we provide a robust and powerful approach to identify and quantify, with high selectivity, site-specific phosphorylation of MPK substrate candidates in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Our approach represents a two-step chromatography combining phosphoprotein enrichment using Al(OH)(3)-based metal oxide affinity chromatography, tryptic digest of enriched phosphoproteins, and TiO(2)-based metal oxide affinity chromatography to enrich phosphopeptides from complex protein samples. When applied to transgenic conditional gain-of-function Arabidopsis plants supporting in planta activation of MPKs, the approach allows direct measurement and quantification ex vivo of site-specific phosphorylation of several reported and many yet unknown putative MPK substrates in just a single experiment.
authors.affiliation: Department Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hoehenwarter
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nukarinen
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Egelhofer
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Röhrig
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weckwerth
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Conrath
authors.forename: Gerold J M
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Beckers
mesh_terms: D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010748:Phosphopeptides / Q000032:analysis; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D010748:Phosphopeptides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D020543:Proteome; C009495:titanium dioxide; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D014025:Titanium; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases