title: Immunogenic cell death and DAMPs in cancer therapy.
abstract: Although it was thought that apoptotic cells, when rapidly phagocytosed, underwent a silent death that did not trigger an immune response, in recent years a new concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD) has emerged. The immunogenic characteristics of ICD are mainly mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which include surface-exposed calreticulin (CRT), secreted ATP and released high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1). Most DAMPs can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In this Review, we discuss the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating the immunogenicity of dying cancer cells and the effect of therapy-resistant cancer microevolution on ICD.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, VIB-Ghent University Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium. Dmitri.Krysko@dmbr. ugent.be
authors.forename: Dmitri V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Krysko
authors.forename: Abhishek D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Krysko
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agostinis
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandenabeele
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D037282:Calreticulin / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000276:immunology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D037282:Calreticulin; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate