title: [Revision surgery in cochlear implantation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we evaluated the reasons and management approaches for revision cochlear implant surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients (20 males, 12 females; mean age 7.4 years; range 15 month to 54 years) who underwent revision cochlear implantation in our clinic were divided into two group, including reimplantation or non-reimplantation group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of patients who underwent revision surgery, 22 had reimplantation, while remaining 10 were not required reimplantation. The mean time from the first surgery to revision surgery was 17.3±15.2 months (range 1-59 months). In patients who underwent primary surgery in our clinic, the revision and reimplantation rates were 5.2% and 3.4%, respectively. The reasons for revision surgery included software failure of the device (n=7), local flap problems (n=7), reference electrode problems (n=5), magnet displacement (n=2), electrode migration to vestibule (n=2), extracochlear insertion of electrode (n=2), broken electrode (n=2), device failure following head trauma (n=2), facial stimulation and paralysis (n=1), electrode exposition from the external ear canal (n=1), and electrode exposition to the middle ear (n=1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common reasons for the revision cochlear implant surgery are software failure of the device, local flap problems and electrode failures. In revision surgery, the problems should be solved without damaging the implant, if the implant is running.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medicine Faculty of İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey. ksorhan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kadir Serkan
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Başaran
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulusan
authors.forename: Senol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Comoğlu
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: Yusufhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Süoğlu
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Güldiken
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Değer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012984:Software / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult