title: Positive vs. false detection: a comparison of analytical methods and performance for analysis of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) in environmental samples from remote regions.
abstract: Contamination and analytical variation can significantly hinder trace analysis of cyclic methyl volatile siloxanes (cVMS); potentially resulting in the report of false positives at concentrations approaching detection limits. To assess detection and variation associated with trace cVMS analysis in environmental matrices, a co-operative laboratory comparison for the analysis of octametylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcylcopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecametylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in sediment and biota from the Svalbard Archipelago was conducted. Two definitions of detection limits were evaluated in this study; method detection limits (MDL, matrix defined) and limits of detection (LOD, solvent defined). D5 was the only cVMS detected above both LOD (0.08-0.81ngg(-1)ww) and MDL (0.47-2.36ngg(-1)ww) within sediment by all laboratories where concentrations ranged from 0.55 to 3.91ngg(-1)ww. The percentage of positive detects for D5 decreased by 80% when MDL was defined as the detection limit. D5 was also detected at the highest frequency among all laboratories in fish liver with concentrations ranging from 0.72 to 345ngg(-1)ww. Similar to sediment, percentage of positive detects for D5 decreased by 60% across all laboratories for fish livers when using MDL (0.68-3.49ngg(-1)ww). Similar observations were seen with both D4 and D6, indicating that sample matrix significantly contributes to analytical response variation. Despite differences in analytical methods used between laboratories, good agreement was obtained when using MDL to define detection limits. This study shows the importance of incorporating variation introduced by sample matrices into detection limit calculations to insure data accuracy of cVMS at low concentrations.
authors.affiliation: NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: nicholas.warner@nilu.no.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kozerski
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koerner
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerhards
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: McNett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013538:Svalbard; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012833:Siloxanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical