title: Obstetric rupture of the rectovaginal septum and sphincter complex despite an intact perineum: report of three cases.
abstract: Obstetric injury comprising tearing of the rectovaginal septum, rectal mucosa, and anal sphincter complex with limited or no involvement of the perineal body may implicate the sudden appearance of an elbow, foot or head in the anal orifice during the second phase of labour. This complex type of obstetric injury is highly uncommon and reports have rarely been published. There are no guideliness as to how to respond to this obstetric emergency and there is no time for consultation. In order to reach clinical recommendations on repair and management of this unexpected obstetric injury for the midwife or obstetrician, we report three such cases. The three described cases with their corresponding sequence of events and interventions illustrate that successful repair of these types of injury can often be achieved. To minimize factors leading to long-term complications, repair requires the involvement of an experienced gynaecologist and sometimes even a colorectal surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Westfriesgasthuis Hoorn, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G M P
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Diepenhorst
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Buijtenen
authors.forename: C N M
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Renckens
authors.forename: D J A
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sonneveld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012007:Rectum / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D012421:Rupture / Q000601:surgery; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014621:Vagina / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery