title: Occurrence of Triatoma costalimai (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in different environments and climatic seasons: a field study in the Brazilian savanna.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trypanosoma cruzi-infected specimens of Triatoma costalimai have been detected in domiciliary units of Central Brazil, thereby maintaining the potential risk of vectorial transmission of Chagas disease. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and natural infection of T. costalimai in different environments (gallery forest, dry forest and peridomicile) and climatic seasons (wet and dry), in the municipality of Mambaí, State of Goiás, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Triatomines were captured in October 2010 and in June 2011, employing two different methods (manual capture and mouse-baited adhesive traps). The insects were later separated by sex and nymphal stage, counted and examined parasitologically by abdominal compression and microscopic analysis of feces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Triatoma costalimai was found in three environments and in the two seasons studied. Overall, capture success of 900 traps and 60 blocks of rocks inspected was 5.8% and 11.7%, respectively. The occurrence of T. costalimai was higher among rocks in the peridomicile, where 97% of the 131 specimens were captured. The proportion of nymphs (98%) was much higher than that of adults, which were only detected in peridomicile. Most (95%) insects were captured during the wet season, with predominance of early-stage nymphs. None of the 43 specimens examined were infected by trypanosomatids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate a greater occurrence of T. costalimai in peridomiciliary environments and during the wet season in Mambaí, Goiás, highlighting the synanthropic behavior of this triatomine species in one area of the Brazilian savanna and the importance of entomological surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Machiner
authors.forename: Rebecca Martins
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Cleudson
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gurgel-Gonçalves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000469:parasitology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017753:Ecosystem; D006798:Housing; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D058069:Neglected Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D011156:Population Density; D012621:Seasons; D014224:Triatoma / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology*; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology