title: Man versus machine: the preferred modality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When learning objectives do not specifically dictate the use of one simulation modality over another, we sought to answer the question of which modality is preferred. We also assessed the impact of debriefing, and the frequency of participants asserting their leadership, as well as self-reported comfort and competence, and the ability to generate differential diagnoses when either a standardised patient (SP) or high-technology simulator (HTS) was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty medical students participated in a simulation-based activity focusing on teamwork, task delegation, role clarity and effective communication. Two similar clinical scenarios were presented, and either an HTS or an SP was used. Following each scenario, participants were surveyed on the realism of the simulation and the patient, and also on their self-assessed comfort and competence. They were also asked to indicate which role they played, to list possible differential diagnoses for the case and, following the second scenario, which modality they preferred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surveys indicated that 91 per cent (127) of students preferred the SP. The perceived realism of the simulation was higher for the second scenario than for the first. Scenarios with an SP were found to be significantly more realistic than the scenarios where the HTS was used. Comfort and competence scores were higher following the second scenario. No differences in the ability of participants to generate a list of differentials were found, and nearly twice as many participants reported taking the leadership role during their second simulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found low and high technology to have similar effectiveness for achieving learning objectives and for the demonstration of skills; however, students clearly preferred the SPs.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami-Jackson Memorial Hospital Center for Patient Safety, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanko
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shekhter
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Kristopher
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arheart
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birnbach
mesh_terms: D020811:Biomedical Technology; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D016544:Patient Simulation; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D013663:Teaching