title: Axial spondylectomy and circumferential reconstruction via a posterior approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal metastases of the second cervical vertebra are a subset of tumors that are particularly difficult to address surgically. Previously described techniques require highly morbid circumferential dissection posterior to the pharynx for resection and reconstruction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform a biomechanical analysis of instrumented reconstruction configurations used after axial spondylectomy and to demonstrate safe use of a novel construct in a patient case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several different published and novel reconstruction configurations were inserted into 7 occipitocervical spines that underwent axial spondylectomy. A biomechanical analysis of the stiffness of the constructs in flexion and extension, lateral bending, and rotation was performed. A patient then underwent a posterior-only approach for axial spondylectomy and circumferential reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biomechanical analysis of different constructs demonstrated that anterior column reconstruction with bilateral cages spanning the C1 lateral mass to the C3 facet in combination with occipitocervical instrumentation was superior in flexion-extension and equivalent in lateral bending and rotation to currently used constructs. The patient in whom this construct was placed via a posterior-only approach for axial spondylectomy and instrumentation remained at neurological baseline and demonstrated no recurrence of local disease or failure of instrumentation to date.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When C1 lateral mass to C3 facet bilateral cage plus occipitocervical instrumentation is compared with existing anterior and posterior constructs, this novel reconstruction is biomechanically equivalent if not superior in performance. In a patient, the posterior-only approach for C2 spondylectomy with the novel reconstruction was safe and durable and avoided the morbidity of the anterior approach.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA. rjandial@coh.org
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jandial
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bucklen
authors.forename: Saif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muzumdar
authors.forename: Mir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Mike Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D002102:Cadaver; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed