title: Diagnosis and management of superior labral anterior posterior tears in throwing athletes.
abstract: Injury to the superior glenoid labrum is increasingly recognized as a significant source of shoulder pain and dysfunction in the throwing athlete. Several theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) tears. The clinical examination of the superior labrum-biceps tendon complex remains challenging because of a high association of other shoulder injuries in overhead athletes. Many physical examination findings have high sensitivity and low specificity. Advances in soft tissue imaging such as magnetic resonance arthrography allow for improved detection of labrum and biceps tendon lesions, although correlation with history and physical examination is critical to identify symptomatic lesions. Proper treatment of throwers with SLAP tears requires a thorough understanding of the altered biomechanics and the indications for nonoperative management and arthroscopic treatment of these lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Lobby A, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knesek
authors.forename: Jack G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Skendzel
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dines
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Altchek
authors.forename: Answorth A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Asheesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bedi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D051445:Fibrocartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult