title: Case/control studies with follow-up: Constructing the source population to estimate effects of risk factors on development, disease, and survival.
abstract: If individuals in a case/control study are subsequently observed as a cohort of cases and a cohort of controls, weighted regression analyses can be used to estimate the association between the exposures initially recorded and events occurring during the follow-up of the 2 cohorts. Such analyses can be conceptualized as being undertaken on a reconstructed source population from which cases and controls stem. To simulate this population, the cohort of cases is added to the cohort of controls expanded with the reciprocal of the case disease incidence odds (the sampling weight) to include all individuals in the source population who did not develop the case disease. We use a simulated dataset to illustrate how weighted generalized linear model regression can be used to estimate the association between an exposure captured during the case/control study component and an outcome that occurs during follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. halvor.sommerfelt@cih.uib.no
authors.forename: Halvor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sommerfelt
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steinsland
authors.forename: Lize
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van der Merwe
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Blackwelder
authors.forename: Dilruba
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nasrin
authors.forename: Tamer H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Farag
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kotloff
authors.forename: Myron M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Håkon K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Gjessing
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016208:Databases, Factual; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D009026:Mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors