title: Effects of Launaea procumbens on brain antioxidant enzymes and cognitive performance of rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Launaea procumbens is used in the treatment of oxidative stress and mental disorders. The effects of Launaea procumbens methanolic extracts (LPMEs), i.e., 100 and 200 LPME mg/kg body weight (b.w.), on cognitive performance as well as on the activity of acetylcholinesterase, and antioxidant enzymes in rat brain tissue homogenates were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into three groups. Rats in group I (control) were given saline (vehicle), group II received LPME (100 mg/kg b.w., p.o.), and group III were treated with LPME (200 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 7 days. Antioxidant potential was assessed by measuring the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) contents in brain tissue homogenates. Activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cognitive performance were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPME administration reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation products (TBARS contents), increased GSH levels and enhanced the activities of SOD, CAT, GSHpx, GSR and GST. AChE activity was reduced by LPME treatment compared with untreated controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggested the significant impact of LPMEs on brain function. These effects could be through the antioxidant effects of the bioactive constituents present in LPME.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan. rahmatgul_81@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rahmat Ali
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D019659:Asteraceae; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004798:Enzymes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D005978:Glutathione