title: Impact of T status and N status on perioperative outcomes after thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the effect of tumor size, location, and clinical nodal status on outcomes after thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent attempted thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer between June 1999 and October 2010 at a single institution were reviewed. A model for morbidity including published risk factors as well as tumor size, location, and clinical N status was developed by multivariable logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 916 thoracoscopic lobectomies met study criteria: 329 for peripheral, clinical N0 tumors ≤ 3 cm and 504 for tumors that were central, clinical node positive, or >3 cm. Tumor location could not be documented for 83 patients. Conversions to thoracotomy occurred in 36 patients (4%); patients with clinically node-positive disease had higher conversion rates (11 conversions in 153 clinical N1 to N3 patients [7.2%] vs 25 in 763 clinical N0 patients [3.3%, P = .03]. Overall operative mortality was 1.6% (14 patients) and morbidity was 32% (296 patients). Although patients with larger tumors (P = .006) and central tumors (P = .01) had increased complications by univariate analysis, tumor size >3 cm (P = .17) and central location (P = .5) did not predict significantly overall morbidity in multivariate analysis. Clinical node status did not predict increased complications by univariate or multivariate analysis. Significant predictors of morbidity in multivariable analysis were increasing age, decreasing forced expiratory volume in 1 second, prior chemotherapy, and congestive heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancers that are central, clinically node positive, or >3 cm does not confer increased morbidity compared with peripheral, clinical N0 cancers that are <3 cm.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Nestor R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Villamizar
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darrabie
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Onaitis
authors.forename: Betty C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009657:North Carolina; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D057216:Propensity Score; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult