title: Linkage disequilibrium between TNF-α-308 G/A promoter and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen alleles in Han-nationality lung transplant recipients from Eastern China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genes encoding histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) and proinflammatory cytokines are involved in rejection after organ transplant. The authors explored the association between HLA alleles and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α-308 G/A promoter region in lung transplant recipients of Han nationality from East China. They also evaluated the correlation between TNF-α-308 G/A and the onset of acute rejection after lung transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  All lung transplant recipients of Han nationality who were admitted into our hospital between August 2004 and July 2011 were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of acute rejection episodes. Genotypes of HLA and single nucleotide polymorphisms of TNF-α-308 G/A were determined using polymerase chain reaction-single specific primer kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 106 lung transplant recipients were investigated. HLA-A*2 allele was in linkage disequilibrium with TNF-α-308 G allele. HLA-A*33, -B*58 and -DRB1*03 alleles were in linkage disequilibrium with TNF-α-308 A allele. Notably, TNF-α-308 A allele was in complete linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B*58 allele. Furthermore, TNF-α-308 A allele was in linkage disequilibrium with the HLA-A*33-DRB1*03 and HLA-B*58-DRB1*03 haplotypes. Clinical analysis indicated that TNF-α-308 G/A was not associated with onset of acute rejection after lung transplant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-α-308 G/A polymorphism was strongly associated with HLA-A*2, -A*33, -B*58, and -DRB1*03 alleles in our population. HLA genotyping can identify lung transplant recipients carrying the highly productive phenotype of TNF-α-308 A allele, which may provide information on rejection after transplant. However, the authors found that TNF-α-308 A subtype has no correlation with acute rejection after lung transplant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. wxmuhj@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Mu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huijun
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Xie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jingyu
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D015235:HLA-B Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha