title: Resistance versus aerobic exercise: acute effects on glycemia in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In type 1 diabetes, small studies have found that resistance exercise (weight lifting) reduces HbA(1c). In the current study, we examined the acute impacts of resistance exercise on glycemia during exercise and in the subsequent 24 h compared with aerobic exercise and no exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve physically active individuals with type 1 diabetes (HbA(1c) 7.1 ± 1.0%) performed 45 min of resistance exercise (three sets of seven exercises at eight repetitions maximum), 45 min of aerobic exercise (running at 60% of Vo(2max)), or no exercise on separate days. Plasma glucose was measured during and for 60 min after exercise. Interstitial glucose was measured by continuous glucose monitoring 24 h before, during, and 24 h after exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment-by-time interactions (P < 0.001) were found for changes in plasma glucose during and after exercise. Plasma glucose decreased from 8.4 ± 2.7 to 6.8 ± 2.3 mmol/L (P = 0.008) during resistance exercise and from 9.2 ± 3.4 to 5.8 ± 2.0 mmol/L (P = 0.001) during aerobic exercise. No significant changes were seen during the no-exercise control session. During recovery, glucose levels did not change significantly after resistance exercise but increased by 2.2 ± 0.6 mmol/L (P = 0.023) after aerobic exercise. Mean interstitial glucose from 4.5 to 6.0 h postexercise was significantly lower after resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistance exercise causes less initial decline in blood glucose during the activity but is associated with more prolonged reductions in postexercise glycemia than aerobic exercise. This might account for HbA(1c) reductions found in studies of resistance exercise but not aerobic exercise in type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Yardley
authors.forename: Glen P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Riddell
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Balaa
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malcolm
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boulay
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khandwala
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sigal
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin