title: Ketoacidosis and trace amounts of isopropanol in a chronic alcoholic patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol ketoacidosis is a frequently missed diagnosis, but is well described in the literature. We present a case of ketoacidosis, likely alcohol ketoacidosis, in a 40 y-old chronic alcoholic patient. The detection of trace serum isopropanol prompted a discussion of alcohol ketoacidosis versus toxic isopropanol ingestion or a combination of both, including comparisons with citations in current literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  The automated instruments used to analyze the patient's urine, blood, and serum samples are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial impression was severe metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap and normal serum glucose and whole blood lactate. Testing for potential toxic ingestions detected only increased serum acetone and trace serum isopropanol. A urinalysis positive for ketones and an increased serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration clenched the diagnosis of ketoacidosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketoacidosis with an increased anion gap in the absence of hyperglycemia or glycosuria in a chronic alcoholic patient should prompt the evaluation for alcohol ketoacidosis. Trace serum isopropanol may be worrisome for a toxic ingestion, but this finding in severe ketoacidosis may be explained by the reversible action of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Markedly increased serum isopropanol with a low serum acetone:isopropanol ratio would be more indicative of a toxic isopropanol ingestion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States. dwyerjg@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Jessica B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamama
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000652:urine; D000096:Acetone / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007662:Ketosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D000096:Acetone; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019840:2-Propanol; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid