title: [Study of possibility of formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic clones based on retrospective PCR-screening of clinical strains].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  PCR-genotyping of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains that had caused sporadic diseases in Novorossiysk from 1973 to 1976.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 clinical strains of V. parahaemolyticus isolated in Novorossiysk, most of which belonged to serogroups O4:K12 and O4:K8; 10 O3:K6 strains--causative agents of gastroenteritis outbreak in Vladivostok (1997) and 3 from Japan (1971) were used. PCR genotyping was performed by a set of marker genes of 7 pathogenicity islands (VPaI-1 - VPaI-7) and a number of other pathogenicity factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the strains isolated in 1970s differed significantly by sets of VPaI marker genes. In contrast to causative agents of outbreak in Vladivostok that contain all 7 VPaI genes (that is, members of the pandemic group that had spread globally since 1996) none of the O4:K12 and O4:K8 Novorossiysk strains contained the full set of all the VPaI genes. However this set was distributed among the members of the group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taking into account that O4:K12 and O4:K8 serogroups are considered by a number of authors as O3:K6 serovariants, PCR-screening data obtained by us allows to assume that horizontal transfer of mobile elements (VPaI) between strains circulating in the region could have led to the formation of pandemic clones already in the 1970s. This implies that in several coastal regions in certain periods of time conditions that favor these process may form, and risk of infection with pandemic clones is associated not only with import of seafood.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Monakhova
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Shalu
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mazrukho
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Smolikova
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Nepomniashchaia
mesh_terms: D002999:Clone Cells; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D005814:Genes, Viral; D005819:Genetic Markers; D044404:Genomic Islands / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D020071:Interspersed Repetitive Sequences; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D058974:Phylogeography; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers