title: A multidimensional framework for the meanings of the sexual double standard and its application for the sexual health of young black women in the U.S.
abstract: There has been debate in the literature as to whether a sexual double standard (SDS) currently exists in the United States. Studies vary greatly in how the SDS is operationalized, making it difficult to interpret findings across studies and translate academic literature into applied fields such as public health. To advance academic and applied research, we propose a multidimensional framework for the SDS that can accommodate complex and nuanced meanings, is flexible enough to allow for the dynamic nature of social ideologies, and is grounded in an understanding of social systems of inequality. In this article, we describe three dimensions that define the broad elements of the SDS: (a) polarized (hetero)sexualities, (b) active male and passive female roles, and (c) the power struggle narrative. To illustrate the use of the framework, we contextualize each dimension in terms of the intersection of race and gender for young Black women in the United States. And finally, to apply the framework, we explore the effects the SDS can have on sexual health and suggest some directions for public health interventions. These analyses lay the groundwork for more complex and comprehensive investigations of the SDS and its effects on sexual health.
authors.affiliation: a Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fasula
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carry
authors.forename: Kim S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060728:Reproductive Health; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D019529:Sexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult