title: Risk of perforation using rigid oesophagoscopy in the distal part of oesophagus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic examination and treatment of disorders in the oesophagus have been a part of the otolaryngological specialty since the introduction of the rigid endoscope. Today, both flexible and rigid oesophagoscopy (RO) is used to that end. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the RO.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all ROs performed at a head & neck department in a Danish hospital in the 2003-2011-period. Perforation of the oesophageal wall was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included: dental injury, mortality and, in case of a foreign body: location and successful removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 483 ROs were performed. Four patients (0.8%) suffered perforation; three during removal of a foreign body in the lower part of the oesophagus and one as part of investigation for cancer. 46.2% of the procedures were performed to remove a foreign body and 32.7% as investigation for cancer. The majority of the foreign bodies were located in the superior part of the oesophagus and the objects were successfully removed in all but one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results are well within the range of previously published material. We recommend that the risk of serious complications is taken into consideration when choosing this modality. Furthermore, we believe that this risk increases in the distal part of the oesophagus and recommend that the use of the RO in this area is reserved as a last resort option.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  not relevant.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  not relevant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Slagelse Hospital, Valby, Denmark. wennervaldt@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kasper
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wennervaldt
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melchiors
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D020701:Esophagoscopes / Q000592:standards*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004947:Esophagus / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment