title: A drug-paired taste cue elicits withdrawal and predicts cocaine self-administration.
abstract: Addiction is a chronic disease where periods of abstinence are riddled with instances of craving, withdrawal, and eventual relapse to escalated drug use. Cues previously associated with drug use can have a deleterious effect on this cycle by precipitating withdrawal symptoms. Here we focus specifically on the relationship between avoidance of a drug-paired taste cue and the ability of the drug-paired cue to elicit withdrawal and, ultimately, drug seeking and taking. We used a rat model of drug addiction and naloxone-induced loss of body weight to test whether a taste cue elicits withdrawal in anticipation of drug availability. Experiment 1 investigated the ability of a taste cue to elicit signs of withdrawal when it predicted experimenter-administered morphine (15 mg/kg, i.p.). In Experiment 2, a saccharin taste cue was paired with the opportunity to actively self-administer cocaine (0.167 mg/infusion, i.v.). The results show that presentation of a morphine- or cocaine-paired taste cue is sufficient to elicit naloxone-induced withdrawal symptoms, and greater withdrawal predicts greater cocaine self-administration in rats.
authors.affiliation: The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. jen166@psu.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nyland
authors.forename: Patricia S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Grigson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D003463:Cues; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012008:Recurrence; D012201:Reward; D012439:Saccharin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D009270:Naloxone; D009020:Morphine; D012439:Saccharin; D003042:Cocaine