title: RCT comparing implants with turned and anodically oxidized surfaces: a pilot study, a 3-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This 3-year prospective randomized controlled trial compared the clinical, microbiological and biochemical outcome of minimally (Turned, Tur) and moderately rough (TiUnite(®) , TiU) implant surfaces in a split-mouth design.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 14 subjects: nine fully edentulous and five partially edentulous subjects with a history of periodontitis. Implants (n = 78, 39 Tur and 39 TiU) were installed randomly in each patient. Peri-implant clinical parameters and intra-oral radiographs were recorded after 3 years of loading. Subgingival plaque and peri-implant crevicular fluid samples were collected and analysed using culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the biofilm, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the concentration of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences in clinical, microbiological and biochemical parameters could be observed when comparing the Tur and TiU implant surfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 3 years of loading, in periodontitis susceptible patients, the moderately rough, TiU implants demonstrated a similar clinical outcome compared with the smoother, turned implants. Longer follow-up and studies using different implant types are needed to confirm the statement that minimally and moderately rough implant surfaces perform similar, both from a clinical and from a microbiological point of view.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nicu
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Assche
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Coucke
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Teughels
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quirynen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000601:surgery*; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000032:analysis; D010087:Oxides; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000032:analysis; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010087:Oxides; D053245:RANK Ligand