title: Pioglitazone protects HDL(2&3) against oxidation in overweight and obese men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The worldwide epidemic of obesity is a major public health concern and is persuasively linked to the rising prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is often associated with an abnormal lipoprotein profile, which may be partly negated by pioglitazone intervention, as this can influence the composition and oxidation characteristics of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). However, as pioglitazone's impact on these parameters within high-density lipoprotein (HDL), specifically HDL(2&3), is absent from the literature, this study was performed to address this shortcoming.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty men were randomized to placebo or pioglitazone (30 mg/day) for 12 weeks. HDL(2&3) were isolated by rapid-ultracentrifugation. HDL(2&3)-cholesterol and phospholipid content were assessed by enzymatic assays and apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) content by single-radial immunodiffusion. HDL(2&3) oxidation characteristics were assessed by monitoring conjugated diene production and paraoxonase-1 activity by spectrophotometric assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the placebo group, pioglitazone influenced the composition and oxidation potential of HDL(2&3). Specifically, total cholesterol (P < 0.05), phospholipid (P < 0.001) and apoAI (P < 0.001) were enriched within HDL(2). Furthermore, the resistance of HDL(2&3) to oxidation (P < 0.05) and the activity of paroxonase-1 were also increased (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these findings indicate that pioglitazone treatment induced antiatherogenic changes within HDL(2&3), which may help reduce the incidence of premature cardiovascular disease linked with obesity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Nutrition & Metabolism Group, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK. j.mceneny@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEneny
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGinty
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McCance
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014461:Ultracentrifugation
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D000077205:Pioglitazone