title: How young people cope with chronic kidney disease: literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex, long-term condition occurring in all age groups. It has been reported that the incidence of renal replacement therapy in young people is 7-8 per million population. Notwithstanding those individuals who may receive a donor kidney, many individuals may be disenfranchised by perceptions of helplessness and feelings of powerlessness against a backdrop of diminished health outlook, consequently impacting on capacity for effective coping.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review is to explore how young people cope with CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and thirty-seven abstracts were identified. Sixty-three papers were cross-examined using a Critical Appraisal Skills Checklist Tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Young people face various demands; these may be episodic or ongoing, depending on health and circumstance. The themes this review uncovers are: 'Lack of a Coping Definition'; 'Coping Strategies in Young People'; and 'Barriers to the Understanding of Coping in Young People'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More qualitative research is vital to retrieve 'real-life' perceptions from young people coping with kidney disease to identify how care should be made more explicit for them.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Hamilton Campus, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Hamilton, UK. shahid.muhammad@uws.ac.uk
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Colin R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000523:psychology*