title: Knowledge and beliefs about antibiotics among people in Yogyakarta City Indonesia: a cross sectional population-based survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Misconceptions about antibiotic use among community members potentially lead to inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community. This population-based study was aimed at examining common knowledge and beliefs about antibiotic use of people in an urban area of Indonesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The population of the study was adults (over 18 years old) in Yogyakarta City. A cluster random sampling technique was applied (N = 640). Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 625 respondents was approached and 559 respondents completed the questionnaire (90% response rate). Out of 559 respondents, 283 (51%) are familiar with antibiotics. Out of 283 respondents who are familiar with antibiotics, more than half have appropriate knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance (85%), allergic reactions (70%), and their effectiveness for bacterial infections (76%). Half these respondents know that antibiotics ought not to be used immediately for fever (50%). More than half have incorrect knowledge regarding antibiotics for viral infections (71%). More than half believe that antibiotics can prevent illnesses from becoming worse (74%). Fewer than half believe that antibiotics have no side effects (24%), that antibiotics can cure any disease (40%), and that antibiotic powders poured onto the skin can quickly cure injuries (37%). Those who are uncertain with these beliefs ranged from 25% to 40%. Generally, these respondents have moderate knowledge; where the median is 3 with a range of 0 to 5 (out of a potential maximum of 5). Median of scores of beliefs is 13 (4 to 19; potential range: 4 to 20). The results of correlation analysis show that those with appropriate knowledge regarding antibiotics would also quite likely have more appropriate beliefs regarding antibiotics. The correlation is highest for those who are male, young participants, with higher education levels, and have a higher income level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Misconceptions regarding antibiotic use exist among people in this study. Therefore, improving appropriate knowledge regarding antibiotic use is required.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta Indonesia, Kampus III, Paingan Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia.|School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Widayati
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suryawati
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Crespigny
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hiller