title: Intra-arterial bone marrow mononuclear cell distribution in experimental global brain ischaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) can ameliorate focal ischaemic brain injury. A global ischaemic brain injury, which can occur after cardiac or thoracic surgery, could be an essential target for BM-MNCs. No studies using BM-MNCs for this indication have been conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten porcine underwent a global normothermic ischaemic insult, followed by an intra-arterial injection of Technetium(99m)-HMPAO-labelled BM-MNCs after 2, 4, 6, 12 or 24 hours. A whole-body scan and a SPECT/CT were performed 2 hours after the injection. Severity of the injury was assessed with EEG and tissue biopsies were analysed by scintigraphy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the cells appeared in the lungs and the liver. Only a minimal number of cells were located in the brain. Median distribution of cells between organs in all animals was as follows: lungs 32.7% (30.6-38.2), liver 14.2% (12.0-17.2), spleen 7.3% (3.3-11.3) and kidneys 2.5% (2.0-3.3). The transplanted cells could not be detected within the brain tissue by radionuclide imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-arterially transplanted BM-MNCs did not migrate to the damaged brain tissue in significant quantity when transplanted during the first 24 hours after the global ischaemic insult, contrary to results with models of focal brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu and Clinical Research Center, Oulu, Finland. tuomas.makela@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yannopoulos
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alestalo
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lepola
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: Siri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiviluoma
authors.forename: Reijo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takalo
authors.forename: Tatu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Juvonen
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lehenkari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004569:Electroencephalography; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013667:Technetium; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D013667:Technetium