title: High symptom burden prior to radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: a patient-reported outcomes study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a first step toward developing effective strategies to control symptoms associated with head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment, we sought to describe the pattern of symptoms experienced before radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects completed the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head and Neck Module before beginning radiation therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 270 patients participated. Symptom severity and interference varied between treatment-naïve patients and those with prior treatment. Cluster analyses revealed that 33% of patients had high symptom burden. Symptoms most often rated moderate-to-severe were fatigue, sleep disturbance, distress, pain, and problems chewing and swallowing. Poorer performance status, higher T classification, and receipt of previous treatment correlated with higher symptom burden.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial proportion of patients were experiencing high symptom burden. Because few interventions currently exist for several of the most problematic symptoms, research in symptom reduction that targets the pattern of symptoms described here is greatly needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: G Brandon
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gunn
authors.forename: Tito R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Clifton D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Ibrahima
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gning
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Beth M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Beadle
authors.forename: Ehab Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cleeland
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D057566:Self Report; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors; D013781:Texas