title: [Resistance mechanisms and cross-resistance of phoxim-resistant Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande population].
abstract: To understand the resistance risks of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande against phoxim, this paper studied the resistance mechanisms of phoxim-resistant F. occidentalis population against phoxim and the cross-resistance of the population against other insecticides. The phoxim-resistant population had medium level cross-resistance to chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, and methomyl, low level cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr, imidacloprid, emamectin-benzoate, and spinosad, but no cross-resistance to acetamiprid and abamectin. The synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), s, s, s-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) had significant synergism (P < 0.05) on the toxicity of phoxim to the resistant (XK), field (BJ), and susceptible (S) populations, while diethyl maleate (DEM) had no significant synergism to XK and S populations but had significant synergism to BJ population. As compared with S population, the XK and BJ populations had significantly increased activities of mixed-functional oxidases P450 (2.79-fold and 1.48-fold), b, (2.88-fold and 1.88-fold), O-demethylase (2.60-fold and 1.68-fold), and carboxylesterase (2.02-fold and 1.61-fold, respectively), and XK population had a significantly increased acetylcholine esterase activity (3.10-fold). Both XK and BJ population had an increased activity of glutathione S-transferases (1.11-fold and 1.20-fold, respectively), but the increment was not significant. The increased detoxification enzymes activities in F. occidentalis could play an important role in the resistance of the plant against phoxim.
authors.affiliation: Insititute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji' nan 250100, China. wsy19840822@163.com
authors.forename: Sheng-Yin
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xian-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: An-Sheng
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xing-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Men
authors.forename: Si-Cong
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000494:pharmacology; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008724:Methomyl / Q000494:pharmacology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D061149:Thysanoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; D008724:Methomyl; C003135:phoxim; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; C037304:cyhalothrin