title: Elective single-embryo transfer in women aged 40-44 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Is an elective single-embryo transfer (eSET) policy feasible for women aged 40 or older?
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For older women (aged 40-44 years) with a good prognosis, an eSET policy can be applied with acceptable cumulative clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Various studies have shown the effectiveness of eSET in women aged <35 years with high cumulative pregnancy rates and low rates of multiple births.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective cohort study included 628 women treated between 2000 and 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women aged 40-44 years underwent a fresh cycle of IVF or ICSI treatment with eSET (n = 264) or double-embryo transfer (DET) (n = 364). In the subsequent frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles, SET/DET was performed in both groups according to the number of embryos available and the opinion of the couple. The study was performed at the Family Federation of Finland Helsinki Fertility Clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the fresh cycles, the clinical pregnancy rates were 23.5 and 19.5% in the eSET and DET groups, respectively, and live birth rates were 13.6 and 11.0%, respectively. In the fresh cycles with eSET, there were no twin pregnancies, but in the DET group, there were three sets of twins (7.5%). The cumulative clinical pregnancy rates per oocyte retrieval were 37.1 and 24.2% in the eSET and DET groups, respectively (P < 0.001), and the cumulative live birth rates were 22.7 and 13.2%, respectively (P = 0.002). Cumulative twin rates were 6.7% (n = 4) in the eSET group and 8.3% (n = 4) in the DET group (P = 0.726). All of the twin pregnancies in the eSET group resulted from frozen and thawed DET embryo transfer cycles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The characteristics of the two patients groups are not comparable because the suitability of eSET was individually assessed by a clinician based on both clinical prognostic factors and the outcome of IVF or ICSI, i.e. the number and quality of embryos.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study may be generalized to IVF units having experience in eSET and cryopreservation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. maarit.niinimaki@oulu.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niinimäki
authors.forename: A-M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Suikkari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mäkinen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Söderström-Anttila
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martikainen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001723:Birth Rate; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D056826:Single Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods*