title: Outbreak of dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV-2) of Cambodian origin in Manipur, India - association with meteorological factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dengue is a major health problem in many parts of India and its neighbouring countries. Dengue cases have not been reported from Manipur, a northeastern State of India till 2007. But, the sudden outbreak of fever with febrile illness during 2007 and 2008, suspected to be dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever was investigated to detect the causative agent. Potential impact of climatic variables on dengue transmission has been documented and hence the association between climatic factors, entomological parameters and dengue cases was also analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty two and 16 blood samples were collected from patients suspected to have dengue infection in the year 2007 and 2008, respectively. Viral RNA was extracted from serum samples and subjected to multiplex one step RT-PCR assay. Dengue specific amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was carried out. Multiyear trend analysis and 't' test were performed for the comparison of different meteorological variables between the years 2000-2004 and 2005-2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aetiological agent was found to be DENV-2 and the phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate was similar to that of Cambodian isolate. There was a significant difference in minimum temperature (P<0.05), Relative humidity - morning hours (P<0.001), relative humanity - afternoon hours (P<0.01) and cumulative precipitation (P< 0.05) between the years 2000-2004 and 2005-2008.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sudden outbreak of dengue fever in Manipur State occurred was possibly due to the increased temperature, relative humidity and decrease in cumulative precipitation. These climatic factors would have contributed to the Aedes mosquito abundance and increased virus transmission. Proper diseases surveillance system integrated with meteorological warning system and management of vector breeding sites will prevent such outbreaks in future.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology & Molecular Biology Division, Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sankari
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hoti
authors.forename: Th Bhubonchandra
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shanmugavel
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002160:Cambodia; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019295:Computational Biology; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000266:history*; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral