title: Psychosocial risk, prenatal counseling and maternal behavior: findings from PRAMS, 2004-2008.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of prenatal counseling regarding psychosocial risk factors on maternal behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from 198,323 women participating in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). The χ(2) and logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship between psychosocial risk, prenatal counseling and maternal behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds of receiving risk-appropriate prenatal counseling were significantly greater for participants who used alcohol (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.17) and tobacco (odds ratio, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.91-2.13). After receiving counseling, women quit using alcohol (72.9% vs 27.1%; P < .01) and tobacco (79.9% vs 20.1%; P < .01) at a significantly greater rate and women with unintended pregnancies were more likely to use postpartum contraception (83.6% vs 16.4%; P < .01) than women who were not counseled. However, no significant differences were found in the rates of intimate partner violence during pregnancy (56.1% vs 43.9%; P = .09) between women who did and did not receive counseling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Counseling regarding psychosocial risk factors during pregnancy may positively impact maternal behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Krans
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Eleanor B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D003267:Contraception / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011584:Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult