title: Clinical profile of coexisting conditions in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with various genetic and autoimmune diseases implicated in its etiopathogenesis. We hereby profile the clinical association of such diseases among patients from our center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients of T1DM presenting to department of Endocrinology from May 1997 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed in context of associated clinical profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 260 patients diagnosed as T1DM, 21 (8%) had hypothyroidism, 4 (1.5%) had hyperthyroidism and 2 (0.7%) had primary adrenal insufficiency. Eighteen patients (7%) had celiac disease, 9 (3.5%) had Turner's syndrome, 5 patients (1.9%) had Klinefelter's syndrome, whereas Down's syndrome and Noonan's syndrome was present in 2 and 1 patients (0.7%) respectively. One patient had Wolframs' syndrome and 1 patients had myasthenia gravis. Systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis were present in 3 and 1 patients respectively. Total of 5 patients with cerebral palsy, 4 cases with deaf mutism, 4 cases with acute psychosis and 16 patients with depression were noted. Mean age of study patients was 20.8±9.8 years (range, 3-23 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various conditions including genetic (Down, Turner, Noonan, and Klinefelter's), autoimmune (thyroid and adrenal disorders, myasthenia gravis, SLE, rheumatoid arthritis) and central nervous system diseases were the associated diseases encountered in our patients. Routine screening is required for early diagnosis and treatment of associated co morbidities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Medwin hospital, Nampally, Hyderabad, Andhra pradesh, India. hidocsunil@ibibo.com
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kota
authors.forename: Lalit K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Meher
authors.forename: Sruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jammula
authors.forename: Siva K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kota
authors.forename: Kirtikumar D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Modi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000453:epidemiology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003638:Deafness / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000453:epidemiology; D009634:Noonan Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014929:Wolfram Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology