title: Vaccination with embryonic stem cells generates effective antitumor             immunity against ovarian cancer.
abstract: To date, only a few studies have suggested that human embryonic stem cells             (hESCs) might effectively immunize against colon and lung cancer. The purpose             of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of hESCs as a vaccine             to induce widespread antitumor effects in different animal models and various             types of cancer. C57BL/6 mice with ID8 ovarian cancer cell and Fischer 344 rats             with NuTu-19 ovarian cancer cell models were used. Fifty-four mice were divided             into six groups with nine mice in each group. Each mouse was immunized with pre-inactivated             hESCs (H9) or mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs; IVP-ES1) or ID8 or phosphate-buffered             saline (PBS). Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups with six rats in             each group, each rat immunized with pre-inactivated hESCs (H9) or NuTu-19 or PBS.             After the vaccination, each mouse was challenged with live ID8 cells subcutaneously,             and each rat was challenged with live NuTu-19 cells intraperitoneally. We discovered             that vaccination of mice with the hESC line H9 and the mESC line IVP-ES1 generated             consistent cellular and humoral immune responses against ID8 ovarian cancer. H9             and IVP-ES1 vaccinated mice obtained antitumor immune protection, and H9 vaccinated             rats had the longest survival time and least distant metastases. No evidence of             side-effects was observed. We also compared the immunogenicity against ovarian             cancer between the hESC line, H9, and the mESC line, IVP-ES1, that derived from             the inner cell mass in different species. We found that there were no significant             differences between them. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed that             several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, such as HER-2, C-myc, p53, and nm23,             were expressed in H9, many of which were also shared by ovarian cancer. hESC vaccines             can induce antitumor effects in two animal models and in ovarian cancer, indicating             that the activity of the vaccine is universal, and, more importantly, it is safe.
authors.affiliation: Gynecologic Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China.
authors.forename: Zujuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D018734:Genes, erbB-2; D016259:Genes, myc; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D023421:Models, Animal; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53