title: Orofacial dyskinesia induced by nasal Ritalin(R) (methylphenidate) sniffing: a rare case report from Switzerland.
abstract: Ritalin® (methylphenidate) is an amphetamine-like prescription stimulant commonly used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults. Recently, the recreational use of Ritalin has increased, particularly among young adults. Well-known symptoms of intoxication include signs of sympathetic nervous stimulation, such as agitation, anxiety, tachycardia, hypertension, headache, tremor, and dizziness. This case report describes oral dyskinesia as a rare presentation of Ritalin intoxication, with the review of pathophysiology and some epidemiological data.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Berne, Switzerland. grischa.marti@insel.ch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fattinger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Exadaktylos
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D013557:Switzerland; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008774:Methylphenidate; D008140:Lorazepam