title: Postoperative mortality after surgery for brain tumors by patient insurance status in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether being uninsured is associated with higher in-hospital postoperative mortality when undergoing surgery in the United States for a brain tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Nationwide Inpatient Sample contains all inpatient records from a stratified sample of 20% of hospitals in 37 states.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28,581 patients, aged 18 to 65 years, who underwent craniotomy for a brain tumor. Three groups were studied: Medicaid recipients and privately insured and uninsured patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measure was in-hospital postoperative death. Associations between this outcome and insurance status were examined within the full cohort and within the subset of patients with no comorbidity using Cox proportional hazards models. These models were stratified by hospital to control for any clustering effects that could arise from differing access to care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the unadjusted analysis, the mortality rate for privately insured patients was 1.3% (95% CI, 1.1%-1.4%) compared with 2.6% for uninsured patients (95% CI, 1.9%-3.3%; P < .001) and 2.3% for Medicaid recipients (95% CI, 1.8%-2.8%; P < .001). After adjusting for patient characteristics and stratifying by hospital in patients with no comorbidity, uninsured patients still had a higher risk of experiencing in-hospital death (hazard ratio, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.11-6.14; P = .03) compared with privately insured patients. In this adjusted analysis, the disparity was not conclusively present in Medicaid recipients (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% CI, 0.97-4.23; P = .06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uninsured patients who underwent craniotomy for a brain tumor experienced the highest in-hospital mortality. Differences in overall health do not fully account for this disparity.
authors.forename: Eric N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Momin
authors.forename: Hadie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Russell T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frangakis
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brem
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quiñones-Hinojosa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000191:economics*; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult