title: Assessment of shoulder pain and shoulder disability in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Shoulder pain and disability is a common but overlooked disorder in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD). We aimed to assess chronic shoulder pain and disability in patients with ICD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred fifty-four patients (mean age, 66 ± 12 years; 156 men) with ICD were included in the study. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) was used for assessment of shoulder pain and disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients, 131 (52 %) have shoulder pain and disability. The total mean SPADI score in patients with shoulder pain and disability was 33 ± 18 and was significantly higher than in patients without shoulder pain and disability (11 ± 2; p < 0.001). Patients with three-lead ICD have significantly higher SPADI scores than patients with single-lead ICD (p < 0.001). Number of leads correlated with pain score (p = 0.001, r = 0.253), disability score (p = 0.006, r = 0.174) and total SPADI score (p = 0.001, r = 0.213). In multivariate analysis, significant associates of shoulder pain and disability were evaluated, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, procedure time, implantation time interval, limitation of shoulder activity and number of leads. Number of leads was the only predictor of shoulder pain and disability (OR 0.518, 95 % CI, 0.372-0.721; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with ICD implantation frequently have chronic shoulder pain and disability. Patients with three leads suffer more shoulder pain and disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Yerleskesi, 41380 İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey. ycelikyurt@gmail.com
authors.forename: Umut
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Celikyurt
authors.forename: Aysen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agacdiken
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozyel
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Argan
authors.forename: Ilgin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sade
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ural
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric