title: Long-term functional outcome of patients with longitudinal radial deficiency: cross-sectional evaluation of function, activity and participation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate all functional aspects of patients with longitudinal radial dysplasia and to clarify the relationship between body functions on the one hand and limitations in activity and participation on the other hand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one arms of seventeen adult patients with longitudinal radial dysplasia were analysed. Body function was assessed by measuring grip and pinch strength and active range of motion (ROM) of the hand. Activities were measured using the "Sequential Occupational Dexterity Assessment ", to measure perceived restrictions in participation the "Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire" was used. Relationships between severity of dysplasia, body function, participation and activity were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with a severe type scored significantly lower in body function scores than patients with a mild form. Patients with limited active finger joint motion performed worse on activities. We found no significant differences in activity and participation between mild or severe types and found no correlation in participation scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although considerable restrictions in joint mobility and strength were revealed, little or no limitations on the activity and participation level were found. Limitations in body functions hardly influenced capacity on activity level and did not influence participation in societal roles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Centre of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holtslag
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Wijk
authors.forename: Hermien
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hartog
authors.forename: Aebele Mink
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van der Molen
authors.forename: Corry
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Sluis
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005384:Finger Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010358:Patient Participation; D052581:Pinch Strength; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires