title: Effects of Acer okamotoanum sap on the function of polymorphonuclear             neutrophilic leukocytes in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Sap is a plant fluid that primarily consists of water and small amounts of mineral elements, sugars, hormones and other nutrients. Acer mono (A. mono) is an endemic Korean mono maple which was recently suggested to have health benefits due to its abundant calcium and magnesium ion content. In the present study, we examined the effects of sap from Acer okamotoanum (A. okamotoanum) on the phagocytic response of mouse neutrophils in vivo and rat and canine neutrophils in vitro. We tested the regulation of phagocytic activity, oxidative burst activity (OBA) and the levels of filamentous polymeric actin (F-actin) in the absence and presence of dexamethasone (DEX) in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that DEX primarily reduced OBA in the mouse neutrophils, and that this was reversed in the presence of the sap. By contrast, the phagocytic activity of the mouse cells was not regulated by either DEX or the sap. Rat and canine polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs) responded in vitro to the sap in a similar manner by increasing OBA. However, regulation of phagocytic activity by the sap was different between the species. In canine PMNs, phagocytic activity was enhanced by the sap at a high dose, while it did not significantly modulate this activity in rat PMNs. These findings suggest that the sap of A. okamotoanum stimulates neutrophil activity in the mouse, rat and canine by increasing OBA in vivo and in vitro, and thus may have a potential antimicrobial effect in the PMNs of patients with infections.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,                     College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju,                     Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Beum-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Ji-Houn
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mhan-Pyo
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Eui-Bae
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Jeung
mesh_terms: D031002:Acer / Q000378:metabolism*; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000633:toxicity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000633:toxicity; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003907:Dexamethasone