title: Therapeutic applications of nucleic acids and their analogues in Toll-like receptor signaling.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to a family of innate immune receptors that detect and clear invading microbial pathogens. Specifically intracellular TLRs such as TLR3, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 recognize nucleic acids such as double-stranded RNA, single-stranded RNA and CpG DNA respectively derived from microbial components. Upon infection, nucleic acid sensing TLRs signal within endosomal compartment triggering the induction of essential proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons to initiate innate immune responses thereby leading to a critical role in the development of adaptive immune responses. Thus, stimulation of TLRs by nucleic acids is a promising area of research for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against pathogenic infection, allergies, malignant neoplasms and autoimmunity. This review summarizes the therapeutic applications of nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogues through the modulation of TLR signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Vijayakumar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gosu
authors.forename: Shaherin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basith
authors.forename: O-Pil
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sangdun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D009705:Nucleosides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors