title: Video capsule endoscopy in patients with nonresponsive celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Discriminating between patients with nonresponsive but otherwise uncomplicated celiac disease (CD) and patients with refractory celiac disease (RCD) and/or lymphoma is difficult, especially as many abnormalities encountered in complicated CD are not within reach of conventional gastroduodenoscopy. We aimed to describe video capsule endoscopy (VCE) findings in patients with CD and persisting or relapsing symptoms despite a gluten-free diet and to identify VCE findings associated with poor prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 48 VCE studies performed in adult patients with CD because of persisting or relapsing symptoms despite adherence to a gluten-free diet. Patients with either uncomplicated CD or RCD type I were considered to have a good prognosis, whereas patients with either RCD type II or enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma were considered to have a poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify VCE findings independently associated with either good or poor prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proximal focal erythema (odds ratio, 6.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-38.7; P=0.033) and absence of progression of the capsule to the distal intestine (odds ratio, 16.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-224.9; P=0.035) were independently associated with poor prognosis. Of the 28 patients with none of these 2 features, none died during follow-up, compared with 2 (13.3%) of the 15 patients with one of both features, and 4 (80.0%) of the 5 patients with both the features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VCE is a minimally invasive endoscopic modality that could be of use in identifying patients with nonresponsive CD who are at risk of poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. sjb.vanweyenberg@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Stijn J B
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Van Weyenberg
authors.forename: Fokko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: Maarten A J M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Sietze T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Van Turenhout
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mulder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D018450:Disease Progression; D058527:Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies