title: Early biocompatibility of poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogel barrier materials for guided bone regeneration. An in vitro study using human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the early cellular attachment and viability to modified polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels with the influence of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) in an in vitro model system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) were cultured on 6 different modalities of PEG hydrogel in hydrophobic polystyrene wells. A total of 7500 cells/well (10,000 cells/cm(2)) were dispersed over the PEG filled wells and incubated in triplicates for 24 h, 7 and 13 days. Cell numbers were calculated by means of a NucleoCounter. Cell viability was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). For statistical analysis, nonparametric Kruska-Wallis test followed by Dunetts T3 test were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All PEG modifications showed good biocompatibility, as demonstrated by low LDH values per cell at the earlier two time points. After 13 days, all PEG modifications showed significantly lower number of cells compared with the controls, and the MX60 configurations demonstrated significantly higher LDH/cell values compared with the other hydrogels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modifications of the physio-chemical properties of PEG hydrogels and the addition of RGD and spacers influenced the initial cellular response of cultured HGF-1 cells. With the exception of MX60 after 13 days, all PEG formulations performed similarly well. Early cellular response should be considered when developing PEG-based material for clinical purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institutie for Surgical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, NÄL Medical Centre Hospital, Trollhättan, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dahlin
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Aart
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molenberg
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid