title: Acute kidney injury requiring dialysis following carmustine and etoposide during autologous stem cell transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Stanford BCNU protocol (carmustine, etoposide and cyclophosphamide) is a high-dose conditioning regimen widely used prior to autologous stem cell transplantation. While acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy is a known but rare complication of autologous stem cell transplantation, acute nephrotoxicity following carmustine and etoposide has not yet been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the first case of carmustine-induced acute kidney injury in the setting of autologous stem cell transplantation and perform a review of the literature. Renal failure was associated with a sharp rise in serum creatinine, oliguria and trace proteinuria. Urgent haemodialysis was required; however, renal failure resolved after 7 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a rare complication, its severity mandates close monitoring of renal function as early recognition and treatment may limit long-term sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. jane.melb@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khot
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burbury
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002330:Carmustine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005047:Etoposide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016482:Urinalysis
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D005047:Etoposide; D003404:Creatinine; D002330:Carmustine