title: [Symptomatic features and psychosocial factors in patients with belching disorders].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the symptomatic features and psychosocial factors in patients with belching disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  At Peking Union Medical College Hospital Outpatient Clinic from September 2010 to January 2011, 21 consecutive patients with repetitive belching were profiled by symptom questionnaires, including general demographics, spectrum of symptoms, disease course, predisposing factors, previous treatment, psychosocial factors, mental status and personality traits, etc. Pearson's correlation analysis and exact probability were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among them, 20 patients fulfilled the Rome III criteria of belching disorders. There were 5 males and 15 females with an age range of (49 ± 10) years. Among them, the belching patterns were daily (n = 18), meal-related (n = 16), spontaneous (n = 15), controllable (n = 16) and symptomatic overlapping (n = 17). The most common symptoms were functional dyspepsia (FD) (n = 13) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (n = 11). Sixteen patients experienced mental stimulation/negative events and 13 patients were related to family tension, work stress and overwork. There were 12 patients with anxiety and/or depression and 8 with neurotic personality. The number of overlapping symptoms was related to anxiety states (r = 0.47, t = 2.14, P < 0.05). But the severity of belching was unrelated to with or without depression and anxiety state (P = 0.096).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are a variety of clinical manifestations in patients with belching disorders. Belching disorders is often related to emotional change and environmental stress and accompanied by abnormal mental and personality characteristics. Belching may be an abnormal behavior reaction to gastrointestinal discomfort symptoms. The psychological and social factors probably play an important role in the pathogenesis of belching disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Mei-yun
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Zhi-feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiu-cai
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Li-ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004884:Eructation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011593:Psychology, Social; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires