title: Treatment of human muscle cells with popular dietary supplements increase mitochondrial function and metabolic rate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is a common pathology with increasing incidence, and is associated with increased mortality and healthcare costs. Several treatment options for obesity are currently available ranging from behavioral modifications to pharmaceutical agents. Many popular dietary supplements claim to enhance weight loss by acting as metabolic stimulators, however direct tests of their effect on metabolism have not been performed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This work identified the effects popular dietary supplements on metabolic rate and mitochondrial biosynthesis in human skeletal muscle cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human rhabdomyosarcoma cells were treated with popular dietary supplements at varied doses for 24 hours. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), an important stimulator of mitochondrial biosynthesis, was quantified using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mitochondrial content was measured using flow cytometry confirmed with confocal microscopy. Glycolytic metabolism was quantified by measuring extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxidative metabolism was quantified by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Total relative metabolism was quantified using WST-1 end point assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells with dietary supplements OxyElite Pro (OEP) or Cellucore HD (CHD) induced PGC-1α leading to significantly increased mitochondrial content. Glycolytic and oxidative capacities were also significantly increased following treatment with OEP or CHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first work to identify metabolic adaptations in muscle cells following treatment with popular dietary supplements including enhanced mitochondrial biosynthesis, and glycolytic, oxidative and total metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, University Blvd, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. vaughanr@unm.edu.
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia-Smith
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barberena
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bisoffi
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Conn