title: Pediatric standard and robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty: a comparative single institution study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report our experience and compare the outcomes between standard and robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty to treat ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was performed of all children who underwent standard or robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction at a single institution from October 2007 to January 2012. Indications for surgery included symptomatic obstruction and abnormal diuretic renal scan. A successful outcome was defined as resolution of clinical symptoms, improvement of hydronephrosis on ultrasound, stable ultrasound with resolution of symptoms or improvement of the drainage curve on diuretic renal scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed 18 patients (median age 8.1 years) who underwent standard and 46 (8.8 years) who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (p = 0.194). Median operative time was 298 minutes (range 145 to 387) for standard and 209 minutes (106 to 540) for robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (p = 0.008). Mean hospitalization was similar between the groups (1 day for standard vs 2 days for robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty, p = 0.246). Narcotic use was similar between the groups. Median followup was 43 months for standard and 22 months for robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (p <0.01). Renal ultrasound showed postoperative improvement of hydronephrosis in 85% and stable disease in 15% of patients following robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty, and improvement in 89.5% and stable disease in 10.5% after standard laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Symptoms resolved in 100% of patients (38 of 38) after robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty and 87.5% of patients (7 of 8) after standard laparoscopic pyeloplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty and standard laparoscopic pyeloplasty are effective techniques to correct ureteropelvic junction obstruction, with similar outcomes. Robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty had a shorter operative time, and its success and complication rates are comparable to standard laparoscopic pyeloplasty.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riachy
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Cost
authors.forename: W Robert
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Defoor
authors.forename: Pramod P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Eugene A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Minevich
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Noh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult