title: Pre-, per- and postoperative factors affecting performance of postlinguistically deaf adults using cochlear implants: a new conceptual model over time.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the influence of multiple factors on cochlear implant (CI) speech performance in quiet and in noise for postlinguistically deaf adults, and to design a model of predicted auditory performance with a CI as a function of the significant factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective multi-centre study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 2251 patients implanted since 2003 in 15 international centres were collected. Speech scores in quiet and in noise were converted into percentile ranks to remove differences between centres. The influence of 15 pre-, per- and postoperative factors, such as the duration of moderate hearing loss (mHL), the surgical approach (cochleostomy or round window approach), the angle of insertion, the percentage of active electrodes, and the brand of device were tested. The usual factors, duration of profound HL (pHL), age, etiology, duration of CI experience, that are already known to have an influence, were included in the statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The significant factors were: the pure tone average threshold of the better ear, the brand of device, the percentage of active electrodes, the use of hearing aids (HAs) during the period of pHL, and the duration of mHL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new model was designed showing a decrease of performance that started during the period of mHL, and became faster during the period of pHL. The use of bilateral HAs slowed down the related central reorganization that is the likely cause of the decreased performance.
authors.affiliation: Bionics Institute, Melbourne, Australia. dianelazard@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Diane S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lazard
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Venail
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van de Heyning
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Truy
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sterkers
authors.forename: Piotr H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Skarzynski
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Skarzynski
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schauwers
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mawman
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maat
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleine-Punte
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Govaerts
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fraysse
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dowell
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dillier
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beynon
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Başkent
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Artières
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Blamey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001307:Auditory Perception; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006310:Hearing Aids; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059035:Perioperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult