title: Guanidine hydrochloride-induced alkali molten globule model of horse ferrocytochrome c.
abstract: This article compares structural, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of previously unknown guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl)-induced alkali molten globule (MG) state of horse 'ferrocytochrome c' (ferrocyt c) with the known NaCl-induced alkali-MG state of ferrocyt c. It is well known that Cl(-) arising from GdnHCl refolds and stabilizes the acid-denatured protein to MG state. We demonstrate that the GdnH(+) arising from GdnHCl (≤0.2 M) also transforms the base-denatured CO-liganded ferrocyt c (carbonmonoxycyt c) to MG state by making the electrostatic interactions to the negative charges of the protein. Structural and molecular properties extracted from the basic spectroscopic (circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, FTIR and NMR) experiments suggest that the GdnH(+)- and Na(+)-induced MG states of base-denatured carbonmonoxycyt c are molecular compact states containing native-like secondary structures and disordered tertiary structures. Kinetic experiments involving the measurement of the CO association to the alkaline ferrocyt c in the presence of different GdnHCl and NaCl concentrations indicate that the Na(+)-induced MG state is more constrained relative to that of GdnH(+)-induced MG state. Analyses of thermal (near UV-CD) denaturation curves of the base-denatured protein in the presence of different GdnHCl and NaCl concentration also indicate that the Na(+)-induced MG state is thermally more stable than the GdnH(+)-induced MG state.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Rishu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D019791:Guanidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006736:Horses; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D045304:Cytochromes c; D019791:Guanidine