title: Projections of type 1 and type 2 diabetes burden in the U.S. population aged <20 years through 2050: dynamic modeling of incidence, mortality, and population growth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To forecast the number of U.S. individuals aged <20 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through 2050, accounting for changing demography and diabetes incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used Markov modeling framework to generate yearly forecasts of the number of individuals in each of three states (diabetes, no diabetes, and death). We used 2001 prevalence and 2002 incidence of T1DM and T2DM from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study and U.S. Census Bureau population demographic projections. Two scenarios were considered for T1DM and T2DM incidence: 1) constant incidence over time; 2) for T1DM yearly percentage increases of 3.5, 2.2, 1.8, and 2.1% by age-groups 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years, respectively, and for T2DM a yearly 2.3% increase across all ages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under scenario 1, the projected number of youth with T1DM rises from 166,018 to 203,382 and with T2DM from 20,203 to 30,111, respectively, in 2010 and 2050. Under scenario 2, the number of youth with T1DM nearly triples from 179,388 in 2010 to 587,488 in 2050 (prevalence 2.13/1,000 and 5.20/1,000 [+144% increase]), with the greatest increase in youth of minority racial/ethnic groups. The number of youth with T2DM almost quadruples from 22,820 in 2010 to 84,131 in 2050; prevalence increases from 0.27/1,000 to 0.75/1,000 (+178% increase).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A linear increase in diabetes incidence could result in a substantial increase in the number of youth with T1DM and T2DM over the next 40 years, especially those of minority race/ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. gimperatore@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imperatore
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Theodore J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dabelea
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hamman
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Liese
authors.forename: Lenna L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayer-Davis
authors.forename: Beatriz L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Standiford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011158:Population Growth; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult