title: Abdominal pain in British young people: associations, impairment and health care use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency and associations of abdominal pain in a sample of British secondary school young people and to examine predictors of impairment and health care use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of young people aged 11-16 years that completed questionnaires documenting abdominal pain, related impairment and health care consultations. They also provided information detailing other physical symptoms, health problems and mental health status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1173 students completed questionnaires; 598 (53%) reported abdominal pains in the previous 3 months (15% >once a week). Pains were significantly linked to reporting medical illness, to high levels of a broad range of physical symptoms and with students deeming these symptoms to be stress/mood sensitive. They were also linked to depressive and other emotional and behavioural problems and with medical help seeking (seeing a health professional in the previous year and contact ever with mental health practitioners). Considerable impairment was reported by 36%; this was independently predicted by abdominal pain frequency, higher levels of concurrent physical symptoms and symptom stress/mood sensitivity. In 18% of students the abdominal pains had led to medical consultations; this was independently predicted by pain related impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequent abdominal pains are common in British secondary school adolescents; they are linked to emotional symptoms and are often impairing and lead to medical consultations. Impairment was associated not only to pain frequency but also to reporting other physical symptoms and symptom stress/mood sensitivity, and impairment was a strong predictor of medical help seeking.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK. m.vila@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.forename: Tami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Jordi E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Obiols
authors.forename: M Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Garralda
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D002648:Child; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology