title: A fecundity cost of (walking) mobility in an insect.
abstract: Evolutionary theory predicts trade-offs between fecundity and mobility, but there is substantial lack of empirical evidence if and how basic mobility relates to fitness costs. In a field experiment, we investigated fecundity costs of mobility in a non-migratory, wing-monomorphic grasshopper, Stenobothrus lineatus, and at the same time tested for possible effects of reproductive state (egg-load) on the mobility. For 10 days, body weight and activity radius of 60 females were recorded daily and oviposition events were inferred from abrupt weight losses. We found a strong and significant relationship between the individual mobility and the time between egg pods laid (interpod period). Individual egg-laying was reduced by a rate of 0.36 eggs per day with each meter increase in mean daily activity radius. The trade-off was not biased by the size of the females, that is, constitution did not positively influence both offspring number and mobility. Egg-load had no significant influence on the individual distances travelled. We could demonstrate that mobility - as induced and selected for by foraging, thermoregulation, predator escape, shelter seeking, and reproduction - can be directly paid off by fecundity. This direct consequence of mobility on individual fitness was detected for the first time in a walking insect.
authors.affiliation: Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Zoology Research Schloss 1, Wädenswil, CH-8820, Switzerland ; Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samietz
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Köhler