title: Inhibitory effects of Asterina pectinifera extracts on melanin biosynthesis             through tyrosinase activity.
abstract: The control of melanogenesis is an important strategy in the treatment of             abnormal skin pigmentation for cosmetic purposes. The aim of the present study             was to investigate the anti-melanogenic effect of Asterina pectinifera (A. pectinifera)             extracts by cell-free mushroom tyrosinase assay, cellular tyrosinase assay, melanin             content assay and the analysis of related protein expression in melan-a cells.             A. pectinifera was extracted with 80% methanol (80-MAP) and further fractionated             with hexane (He-AP) and ethyl acetate (EA-AP). In addition, the enzyme extract             (En-AP) of A. pectinifera, to which protease was added, was processed. EA-AP and             En-AP among A. pectinifera extracts showed strong inhibitory activity against             the cell-free mushroom tyrosinase activity. EA-AP and En-AP induced significant             inhibition of melanin production and cellular tyrosinase activity. In the action             of EA-AP and En-AP on melanogenesis, they reduced the expression of melanogenic             genes and proteins including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1)             and dopachrome tautomerase (Dct). These results showed that EA-AP and En-AP inhibited             melanogenesis by reducing tyrosinase activity and melanin production via subsequent             downregulation of tyrosinase-related proteins. The overall results suggest that             EA-AP and En-AP among A. pectinifera extracts may be promising candidates for             the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorder and useful for self-tanning cosmetic             products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University,                     Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Kwang-Mo
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jung-Ki
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Hyouk
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Gi-Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Wha
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Su-Yeong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Wol-Soon
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Jo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047288:Asterina / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008419:Materia Medica / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008543:Melanins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008419:Materia Medica; D008543:Melanins; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C064056:tyrosinase-related protein-1; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C042501:dopachrome isomerase