title: Kinetic studies of Ni organic complexes using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) with double binding layers and a dynamic numerical model.
abstract: In situ deployments of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) can provide direct information on complex dissociation rates in natural waters. Recent advances in understanding the dynamics of the interactions of metal complexes within DGT devices have highlighted the characteristics of the binding layer, but there are few data to complement these theoretical developments. In this work the penetration into the Chelex binding layer of complexes of Ni with nitrilotriacetic (NTA) and Suwannee River fulvic and humic acids (FA and HA) in solution at pH 7 was investigated by deployment of DGT devices with two sequential binding layers, a "front" and a "back" layer. In Ni-NTA experiments, the masses of Ni bound by the front and back binding layers were similar, as predicted for slowly dissociating complexes. For Ni-FA/HA solutions, a higher mass of Ni was taken up by the front binding layer, consistent with fast dissociation from a high proportion of the binding sites. The ratio of Ni in the front to back binding layers was significantly lower (p < 0.05) for solutions of Ni-HA compared to those of Ni-FA, indicating that Ni-HA complexes are less labile than Ni-FA complexes in similar solutions (FA = 10 mg L(-1) and HA = 8 mg L(-1)). A dynamic numerical model of the complexes in a DGT system was used to estimate the dissociation rate constants that provided the best agreement with the experimental data. Values obtained of 2 ± 0.5 × 10(-4) s(-1) for Ni-NTA and 2.5 × 10(-3) s(-1) for Ni-FA when FA = 20 mg L(-1) and 3.42 × 10(-4) s(-1) for Ni-HA when HA = 8 mg L(-1), could be rationalized with current knowledge of the dynamics of these systems. This approach can improve kinetic information obtainable using DGT and widen the range of considered complex labilities.
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shafaei Arvajeh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lehto
authors.forename: Ø A
authors.initials: ØA
authors.lastname: Garmo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D006812:Humic Substances; D007700:Kinetics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D009571:Nitrilotriacetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D002614:Chelating Agents; D006812:Humic Substances; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D009532:Nickel; D009571:Nitrilotriacetic Acid; C005023:fulvic acid