title: Medication use among inflammatory bowel disease patients: excessive consumption of antidepressants and analgesics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about differences in the use of medications between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and the general population. The aims of this study were to observe those differences and to discuss reasons for them. The relation between medication use and HRQoL of IBD patients was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The use of prescribed medication of 2831 IBD patients and 5662 control subjects were scrutinized and compared by utilizing a national reimbursement register. Annual costs and number of defined daily doses (DDD) of medications were calculated. The relationship between medications and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of IBD patients was examined by using a postal questionnaire including a generic (15D) and a disease-specific (IBDQ) HRQoL tool. The questionnaire also included demographic questions and questions about IBD patients' use of biological medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of antidepressants (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28-1.61), anxiolytics (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.31-1.78), oral bisphosphonates (OR: 6.08, 95% CI: 4.56-8.11), cardiovascular medications (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.24-1.54), antibiotics (OR: 4.01, 95% CI: 3.57-4.51), proton pump inhibitors (OR: 3.90, 95% CI: 3.48-4.36), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.28) was significantly more common in IBD than among the controls. Those who used antidepressants, anxiolytics, or analgesics had significantly impaired HRQoL (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IBD patients and general population differ in terms of their medicine use in many respects, and especially use of analgesics and antidepressants is more common among IBD patients. Use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and analgesics was related to impaired HRQoL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Johanna.haapamaki@hus.fi
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haapamäki
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanskanen
authors.forename: Risto P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Roine
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Turunen
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mäntylä
authors.forename: Martti A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Färkkilä
authors.forename: Perttu E T
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Arkkila
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000928:Antidepressive Agents