title: Validation of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-8 in an Australian pain clinic sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, an 8-item short-form version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ-8) was developed predominantly in an internet sample. Further investigation of the factor structure in a multidisciplinary pain clinic sample is required. Investigation of the concurrent validity of the CPAQ-8 after accounting for the effects of variables commonly measured in the pain clinic setting is also necessary.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the factor structure and concurrent validity of the CPAQ-8 in a sample of treatment-seeking patients who attended a multidisciplinary pain clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 334 patients who attended an Australian multidisciplinary pain service. Participants completed the CPAQ, a demographic questionnaire, and measures of patient adjustment and functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analysis identified a two-factor 8-item model consisting of Activity Engagement and Pain Willingness factors (SRMR = 0.039, RMSEA = 0.063, CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.960) was superior to both the CPAQ and CPAQ with an item removed. The CPAQ and CPAQ-8 total scores were highly correlated (r = 0.93). After accounting for pain intensity, the CPAQ-8 was a significant predictor of depression, anxiety, stress, and disability. The subscales of the CPAQ-8 were both unique contributors to depression and disability in regression analyses, after accounting for pain intensity and kinesiophobia, and after accounting for pain intensity and catastrophizing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CPAQ-8 has a sound factor structure and similar psychometric properties to the CPAQ; it may have clinical utility as a measure of pain acceptance in treatment-seeking, chronic pain patients.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia, johnbaranoff@gmail.com.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baranoff
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hanrahan
authors.forename: Dilip
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Connor
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis; D058443:Catastrophization; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018710:Pain Clinics; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D011793:Queensland; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014937:Work