title: Pharmacologic treatment of kidney stone disease.
abstract: This article reviews the data on pharmacologic treatment of kidney stone disease, with a focus on prophylaxis against stone recurrence. One of the most effective and important therapies for stone prevention, an increase in urine volume, is not discussed because this is a dietary and not a pharmacologic intervention. Also reviewed are medical expulsive therapy used to improve the spontaneous passage of ureteral stones and pharmacologic treatment of symptoms associated with ureteral stents. The goal is to review the literature with a focus on the highest level of evidence (ie, randomized controlled trials).
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. beisner@partners.org
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Eisner
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.forename: Gyan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pareek
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy*; D049971:Thiazides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014510:Urease / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D049971:Thiazides; D000493:Allopurinol; D014510:Urease