title: Follow-ups of metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in middle-aged subjects without metabolic syndrome.
abstract: This study investigates the association among metabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV). We conducted a 3-year longitudinal, observational study of 288 middle-aged adults not meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) at the initial screening. We measured metabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and ba-PWV. Within the 3-year study period, 15.6% (45 out of 288) of participants developed MetS. At the 3-year follow-up, patients were categorized as those with MetS (n = 45) and those without MetS (n = 243). Patients with MetS had significantly unfavorable initial measurements of baseline body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and ba-PWV. After 3 years, participants without MetS showed significant increases in WC, diastolic BP (DBP), total- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL), and ba-PWV and a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFA). Subjects who developed MetS showed significant increases in BMI, WC, BP, TG, glucose, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MDA, ox-LDL, and ba-PWV and a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol. Changes in BMI, WC, BP, TG, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, HOMA-IR index, FFA, C-reactive protein (P = .022), IL-6 (P = .004), leukocyte count (P < .001), MDA (P = .002), ox-LDL (P = .015), and ba-PWV (P = .001) differed significantly between the two groups after adjustment for baseline values. Changes in ba-PWV were positively correlated with the changes in systolic and DBP, total-cholesterol, glucose, leukocyte count, and MDA. The age-related increase in arterial stiffness is greater in the presence of MetS with higher levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Oh Yoen
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jean Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein