title: Development of an automated method for Folin-Ciocalteu total phenolic assay in artichoke extracts.
abstract: We developed a system to run the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) total phenolic assay, in artichoke extract samples, which is fully automatic, consistent, and fast. The system uses 2 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pumps, an autosampler, a column heater, a UV/Vis detector, and a data collection system. To test the system, a pump delivered 10-fold diluted F-C reagent solution at a rate of 0.7 mL/min, and 0.4 g/mL sodium carbonate at a rate of 2.1 mL/min. The autosampler injected 10 μL per 1.2 min, which was mixed with the F-C reagent and heated to 65 °C while it passed through the column heater. The heated reactant was mixed with sodium carbonate and color intensity was measured by the detector at 600 nm. The data collection system recorded the color intensity, and peak area of each sample was calculated as the concentration of the total phenolic content, expressed in μg/mL as either chlorogenic acid or gallic acid. This new method had superb repeatability (0.7% CV) and a high correlation with both the manual method (r(2) = 0.93) and the HPLC method (r(2) = 0.78). Ascorbic acid and quercetin showed variable antioxidant activity, but sugars did not. This method can be efficiently applied to research that needs to test many numbers of antioxidant capacity samples with speed and accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843, USA. k-yoo@tamu.edu
authors.forename: Kil Sun
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Eun Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leskovar
authors.forename: Bhimanagouda S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000032:analysis; D031943:Cynara scolymus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011794:Quercetin / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002934:Cinnamates; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D005707:Gallic Acid; C100257:cynarine; D011794:Quercetin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid