title: Closure of tubular patent ductus arteriosus in infants with the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We used the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II to close tubular patent ductus arteriosus (DA) in infants.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Despite advancements in device design, catheter-based therapy for the DA of tubular morphology has been problematic. Likewise, the currently available devices are not designed to close DAs in small, often premature infants as the size of the delivery systems can be prohibitive and the devices obstructive to aortic or pulmonary artery flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report our experience using the second-generation Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP II) in 10 patients with sizeable, tubular DAs, seven of whom were less than or equal to 4.0 kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete closure was attained in all patients, with one minor complication. In four small infants, the device was delivered without arterial access under echocardiographic guidance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is our belief that the AVP II device can be a useful embolization device for DAs in this difficult patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Bush Children's Hospital, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine 04102, USA. grossa2@mmc.org
authors.forename: Abby A R
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Jon P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Donnelly
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001835:Body Weight; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome