title: Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and bleeding risks in major orthopedic procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Risk of abnormal bleeding in surgery patients prescribed serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) is unclear. Considering the quantity of literature on abnormal gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding with SRIs, relatively little exists on SRI bleeding risks in surgical procedures. We investigated whether SRIs increase the risk of surgical bleeding in patients undergoing knee and hip total joint replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  RA retrospective case-control study was conducted among subjects undergoing primary total hip and knee replacement surgeries from January 2005 to March 2011 at a single institution. The experimental group was defined by utilization of SRIs at the time of surgery (the independent variable). The control group was matched for age, sex, ethnicity, and type of surgery (hip or knee). Any case with preoperative hematocrit <30, platelets <100,000; abnormal prothrombin time, partial-prothrombin time, and international normalized ratio (INR), primary bleeding disorder, medical conditions, or medications associated with increased bleeding was excluded. All cases were randomly selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RA total of 194 subjects (hip 104, knee 90) were included. Statistical analysis was performed on the SRI group (n = 71) and the control, non-SRI group (n = 123). No difference was found between the groups in estimated blood loss, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, PT, PTT, and INR from preoperative to postoperative day 1, 2, and 3. Furthermore, no subjects in either group required blood transfusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SRIs were not associated with increased risk of bleeding in primary knee or hip replacement surgeries in this study. The hypothesis that SRIs increase the risk of bleeding based on presumptions about their action on platelet aggregation is uncertain and warrants further study.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708, USA. hamid.avakoli@med.navy.mil
authors.forename: Hamid R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeMaio
authors.forename: Nathaniel C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Wingert
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Rieg
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Russell P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Balmer
authors.forename: Marie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dillard
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors