title: Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an update.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized and nonindustrialized countries. Although tobacco use remains the main factor associated with development of the disease, occupational risk factors represent an important and preventable cause. The most common occupationally related factors include exposure to organic dusts, metallic fumes, and a variety of other mineral gases and/or vapors. This article summarizes the literature on the subject and provides an update of the most recent advances in the field.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 740 South Limestone Street, L543, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diaz-Guzman
authors.forename: Shambhu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aryal
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mannino
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors