title: Therapeutic drug monitoring of common antipsychotics.
abstract: The aim of this review is to provide information for interpreting outcome results from monitoring of antipsychotics in biological samples. A brief overview of the working mechanisms, pharmacological effects, drug interactions, and analytical methods of classical and atypical antipsychotics is given. Nineteen antipsychotics were selected based on their importance in the worldwide market as follows: amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, bromperidol, clozapine, flupenthixol, haloperidol, iloperidone, lurasidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, perphenazine, pimozide, pipamperone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, sulpiride, and zuclopenthixol. A straightforward relationship between administered dose, plasma or serum concentration, clinical outcome, or adverse effects is often lacking. Nowadays, focus lies on therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized therapy to find adequate treatment, to explain treatment failure or nonresponse, and to check patient compliance. However, extensive research in this field is still mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium. patteet@ua.ac.be
authors.forename: Lisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patteet
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morrens
authors.forename: Kristof E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Maudens
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niemegeers
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sabbe
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004347:Drug Interactions; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents