title: Noninvasive type 2 diabetes screening: clinical evaluation of SCOUT DS in an Asian Indian cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the noninvasive, point-of-care diabetes screening device, Scout DS (VeraLight Inc., Albuquerque, NM) (SCOUT), in a native Asian Indian cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  SCOUT is a tabletop, skin fluorescence spectrometer that reports a risk score following a 3-4-min noninvasive measurement of a subject's left volar forearm. SCOUT, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and hemoglobin A(1c) (A1C) were compared for detection of abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in a cohort of 256 subjects without previous diagnosis of diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance in Chennai, India. After an overnight fast, a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test was administered, and AGT was defined as a plasma glucose value ≥ 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/dL). Sensitivity, false-positive rate (FPR), and receiver-operating characteristics area under the curve for AGT detection were computed for SCOUT, FPG, and A1C. Intra-day reproducibility of SCOUT was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCOUT, FPG, and A1C (at respective thresholds of 50, 110 mg/dL, and 5.7%) exhibited sensitivities of 87%, 32%, and 86%, respectively, and FPR of 52%, 3%, and 58%, respectively. For the 177 subjects receiving a valid SCOUT Diabetes Score on both measurement attempts, the coefficient of variation was 5.8%, and the Pearson correlation was 0.91. A SCOUT score could be obtained on 91% of subjects after two attempts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The performance of SCOUT is similar to that of A1C, whereas FPG had a much lower sensitivity. SCOUT is an effective tool for AGT screening in Asian Indians.
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Chennai, India. drmohans@diabetes.ind.in
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: C S Shanthi
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.forename: Bhaskaran S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Regin
authors.forename: Muthuswamy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balasubramanyam
authors.forename: Ranjit M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anjana
authors.forename: Nathaniel I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Matter
authors.forename: Subramani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poongothai
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deepa
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pradeepa
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose