title: Changes in cigarette consumption patterns among Brazilian smokers between 1989 and 2008.
abstract: The assessment of temporal differences in cigarette consumption may help in understanding whether a smoking population is becoming more resistant to quitting over time. We calculated absolute differences in average cigarette consumption, stratified by birth cohort and age group. Data were obtained from random samples from two Brazilian national household surveys (1989, N = 12,782; 2008, N = 6,675). A linear regression model was used to adjust estimates by gender, educational level, and place of residence. Birth cohort analysis found that average daily cigarette consumption increased for individuals born after 1964 and decreased for those born before 1955 (adjusted p-values < 0.001). Age-specific analysis found that the remaining smoking population aged 64 years-old or less decreased cigarette consumption between 1989 and 2008 (adjusted p-values < 0.001). Brazil's anti-tobacco policy changes and rapid economic growth may be principally related to temporal changes in cigarette consumption for most age groups, rather than to a change in the relationship between age and cigarette consumption.
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. andreszk@hotmail.com
authors.forename: André Salem
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Szklo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Mirian Carvalho de
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Moysés
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szklo
authors.forename: Valeska Carvalho
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Liz Maria de
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000639:trends*; D055815:Young Adult