title: Developmental onset of reproductive barriers and associated proteome changes in stigma/styles of Solanum pennellii.
abstract: Although self-incompatibility (SI) in plants has been studied extensively, far less is known about interspecific reproductive barriers. One interspecific barrier, known as unilateral incongruity or incompatibility (UI), occurs when species display unidirectional compatibility in interspecific crosses. In the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii, both SI and self-compatible (SC) populations express UI when crossed with domesticated tomato, offering a useful model system to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in reproductive barriers. In this study, the timing of reproductive barrier establishment during pistil development was determined in SI and SC accessions of S. pennellii using a semi-in vivo system to track pollen-tube growth in developing styles. Both SI and UI barriers were absent in styles 5 days prior to flower opening, but were established by 2 days before flower opening, with partial barriers detected during a transition period 3-4 days before flower opening. The developmental expression dynamics of known SI factors, S-RNases and HT proteins, was also examined. The accumulation of HT-A protein coincided temporally and spatially with UI barriers in developing pistils. Proteomic analysis of stigma/styles from key developmental stages showed a switch in protein profiles from cell-division-associated proteins in immature stigma/styles to a set of proteins in mature stigma/styles that included S-RNases, HT-A protein and proteins associated with cell-wall loosening and defense responses, which could be involved in pollen-pistil interactions. Other prominent proteins in mature stigma/styles were those involved in lipid metabolism, consistent with the accumulation of lipid-rich material during pistil maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878,  USA.
authors.forename: Subbaiah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chalivendra
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lopez-Casado
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Alina R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kassenbrock
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Royer
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tovar-Mèndez
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Covey
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Dempsey
authors.forename: April M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Randle
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stack
authors.forename: Jocelyn K C
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bedinger
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053205:Pollen Tube / Q000254:growth & development; D054817:Pollination / Q000502:physiology; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D012098:Reproduction; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D060436:Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants; D032322:Solanum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D012260:Ribonucleases; C022542:ribonuclease S