title: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the profile of chronic pain: screen for a Brazilian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate the original English version of the Profile of Chronic Pain: Screen (PCP:S) into Brazilian Portuguese and examine basic psychometric properties of the translated version. We investigated ceiling and floor effects, internal consistency, factor structure, convergent validity, and the ability of the Brazilian PCP:S (B-PCP:S) to discriminate persons with pain who were either employed or not working, or in treatment or not in treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Brazilian Portuguese version of the Profile of Chronic Pain: Screen (B-PCP:S) was administered to a sample of 414 adults (men = 67). Pain catastrophizing was also assessed. Subsamples with special conditions (working despite pain [N = 116] vs not working due to pain [N = 122], and not receiving treatment for pain [N = 119] vs receiving treatment [N = 119]) were identified to investigate the discriminative properties of B-PCP:S.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the B-PCP:S, Cronbach's α values were 0.76 (severity), 0.88 (interference), and 0.87 (emotional burden). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original, English language three-factor structure, with the comparative fit index = 0.93, root mean square error of approximation = 0.075, and normed fit index = 0.93. Significant correlations were found between pain intensity, pain interference, and emotional burden, and a criterion measure of catastrophizing (correlation coefficients ranged from 0.48 to 0.66, P < 0.01). B-PCP:S scores (severity, interference, and emotional burden) were higher in subjects under a doctor's care for pain and in those not working due to pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This B-PCP:S version was found to be a reliable instrument, with basic evidence of validity for the evaluation of pain severity, interference, and emotional burden in Brazilian Portuguese adults. The profile of B-PCP:S scores was similar to that observed in the original version.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. caumo@cpovo.net
authors.forename: Wolnei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Caumo
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ruehlman
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karoly
authors.forename: Francisléa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sehn
authors.forename: Liliane Pinto
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Vidor
authors.forename: Letizzia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dall-Ágnol
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chassot
authors.forename: Iraci L S
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity