title: Different cilia response to adenosine triphosphate or benzalkonium chloride treatment in mouse nasal and tracheal culture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to compare the ciliary function between the upper and lower airway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and changes in CBF in response to exogenous stimuli [adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or benzalkonium chloride (BAC)] of primary cultured mouse nasal and tracheal epithelial cells were quantified using digital microscopy combined with a beat-by-beat CBF analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The basal CBF of the mouse tracheal culture was statistically higher than the nasal culture. Adding 10 or 100 µM ATP caused an increase of CBF in both mouse nasal and tracheal cultures; however, nasal culture induced a more robust increase of CBF than tracheal culture. Treatment with 0.001% BAC increased CBF within 2 min after treatment and then CBF gradually decreased; nasal and tracheal culture manifested a similar change in CBF. With a concentration of 0.01%, BAC induced a rapid and time-dependent decrease of CBF in both mouse nasal and tracheal cultures; however, tracheal culture showed a blunter response to this ciliotoxic agent, with the ciliary beating duration time distinguishably longer than in the nasal culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inherent ciliary and physiological function is different in the upper and lower airway in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Luo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate