title: Typhus syncopalis: an epidemic in Connecticut in 1823.
abstract: In 1825 Dr. Thomas Miner wrote about an epidemic that occurred in Middletown, Connecticut in 1823. He called this disease "Typhus syncopalis," sinking typhus, or New England spotted fever. Differences in the understanding of disease processes in the early 19th century preclude a definitive modern equivalent fortyphus syncopalis. In addition, there are disagreements among Dr. Miners' contemporaries with regard to fever classification systems. Examination of the symptoms and physical findings as described by Dr. Miner suggest the presence of encephalitis or meningitis as well as a syndrome resembling a shock-like state. Based on symptom comparisons, this paper suggests that typhus syncopalis was likely meningococcemia caused by Neisseria meningiditis.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. sleng@caregroup.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Shirie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Leng
mesh_terms: D003237:Connecticut; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D058872:Epidemics; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008585:Meningitis, Meningococcal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history*; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis; D014438:Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history*