title: [Dose area product of pediatric VCUG with regard to the strongly lowered German diagnostic reference levels].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the dose area products of pediatric VCUG in daily practice with the dramatically reduced official German diagnostic reference levels, which are based on selected data.
  
  
  METHODS
  413 consecutive pediatric VCUG examinations were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean dose area product of all examinations was 0.97 dGycm². This is below the lowest reference level that is valid for neonates. In 12 cases (5.6 %) the achieved dose area product was higher than the corresponding reference level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the available techniques for radiation protection, it is possible in the daily routine to meet the official diagnostic reference levels for children, which have been reduced by up to 80 %, even though these levels are based on a selected, possibly non-representative data set.
authors.affiliation: Radiologische Klinik - Kinderradiologie, Universität Bonn. mark.born@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spiller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bachour
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heydweiller
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Franke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*