title: Primary antiphospholipid syndrome in monozygotic twins.
abstract: Monozygotic twins, 27 years old, with primary anti-phospholipid syndrome have been described. The first of the twins had obstetric morbidities (one miscarriage at 12 weeks and premature birth of a growth-restricted fetus at 27 weeks secondary to pre-eclampsia) and the second had venous thrombosis. Lupus anticoagulant was present in both and anti-cardiolipin antibodies were present in high titres when re-tested at appropriate intervals. Development of clinical features of APS in monozygotic twins points to an underlying genetic basis in the pathogenesis of anti-phospholipid syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna, India. drvinod12@gmail.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajendran
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elias
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood; D010641:Phenotype; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000209:etiology; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D015415:Biomarkers; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor