title: DNA methylation dynamics during the mammalian life cycle.
abstract: DNA methylation is dynamically remodelled during the mammalian life cycle through distinct phases of reprogramming and de novo methylation. These events enable the acquisition of cellular potential followed by the maintenance of lineage-restricted cell identity, respectively, a process that defines the life cycle through successive generations. DNA methylation contributes to the epigenetic regulation of many key developmental processes including genomic imprinting, X-inactivation, genome stability and gene regulation. Emerging sequencing technologies have led to recent insights into the dynamic distribution of DNA methylation during development and the role of this epigenetic mark within distinct genomic contexts, such as at promoters, exons or imprinted control regions. Additionally, there is a better understanding of the mechanistic basis of DNA demethylation during epigenetic reprogramming in primordial germ cells and during pre-implantation development. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the developmental roles and dynamics of this key epigenetic system.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
authors.forename: Jamie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: M Azim
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Surani
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005718:Gametogenesis; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D056426:Genetic Loci; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D042822:Genomic Instability; D008322:Mammals / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018626:Retroelements
chemical_list: D018626:Retroelements; D044503:5-Methylcytosine