title: SOCIAL DISCOUNTING AND CIGARETTE SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY.
abstract: In this study we examined the association between social discounting and smoking status in a cohort of pregnant cigarette smokers (n=91), quitters (n=27), or never-smokers (n=30). The smokers and quitters were participants in clinical trials on smoking cessation and relapse prevention, while the never-smokers were controls in a study on nicotine withdrawal during pregnancy. Social discounting was assessed using a paper and pencil task that assesses the amount of hypothetical money a person is willing to forgo in order to share with individuals in their social network ranging from the person who is emotionally closest to them to a mere acquaintance. The amount that women were willing to forgo in order to share decreased hyperbolically as a function of social distance, with smokers exhibiting steeper discounting functions (i.e., less generosity) than quitters or never-smokers; discounting functions of quitters and never-smokers did not differ significantly. In multivariate analyses controlling for potential sociodemographic and other confounds, social discounting remained a significant predictor of smoking status among smokers versus quitters. Overall, these results suggest that individual differences in social discounting may be a factor influencing the choices that women make about quitting smoking upon learning of a pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry University of Vermont ;  Department of Psychology University of Vermont.
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bradstreet
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Sarah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Heil
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Badger
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Skelly
authors.forename: Mary Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Molly C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Trayah