title: Warm-up before laparoscopic surgery is not essential.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several recent studies have suggested that warming up prior to surgery may improve surgical performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether warming up prior to laparoscopic surgery improves surgical performance or reduces surgery duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2011 and January 2012, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare two warm-up modalities to no warm-up. The study was conducted at a single site, with nine surgeons performing 72 laparoscopic cholecystectomies and 37 laparoscopic appendicectomies. Prior to surgery, surgeons were randomized to either laparoscopic trainer box warm-up, PlayStation 2 warm-up or no warm-up. The activity was performed within 30 min of surgery commencing. Patients provided informed consent for the surgery to be digitally recorded. Digital videodiscs (DVDs) were reviewed by an independent and blinded assessor. Data were collected on duration of surgery, level of training and perceived surgical difficulty. Surgical performance was graded using a validated scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 109 operations performed, there were 75 usable DVDs. Overall, there were no statistical differences in the demographics of patients and surgeons in the three treatment groups, nor in the subset that had useable DVDs. There were no statistical differences in the duration of surgery or surgeon's perceived surgical difficulty. There was no statistical difference in surgical performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that warm-up prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy or appendicectomy is not essential, acknowledging that there are several study limitations that preclude definitive conclusion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Maree K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: Jacqueline H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hewett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001062:Appendectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000592:standards*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057234:Preoperative Period; D016037:Single-Blind Method