title: Frequency and outcomes of painful physical symptoms in a naturalistic population with major depressive disorder: an analysis of pooled observational studies focusing on subjects aged 65 years and over.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the frequency of painful physical symptoms (PPS) in elderly subjects (≥ 65 years) with major depressive disorder (MDD) in real-world clinical conditions and to establish whether PPS are associated with poor depression outcomes, including more severe depression and worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational studies of MDD that included assessment of PPS and elderly subjects were screened. Measures of PPS were based on the Somatic Symptom Inventory (SSI) or Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data from a variety of depressive symptom severity and HRQoL scales were used. Analysis cohorts were based on age [aged ≥ 65 years (elderly) or < 65 years (younger)] and/or PPS status (presence or absence); five subsets were used to examine specific outcomes in matched elderly subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from seven studies (representing 26 countries) were collated. Of the 11,477 subjects, 14% were aged ≥ 65 years and 71% were classified as having PPS (PPS+). PPS were more frequent in elderly subjects (74% vs. 70% of younger subjects) and were positively associated with being female and Hispanic, and negatively associated with being East Asian in the elderly. The presence of PPS was associated with more severe clinical symptomatology and comparatively poorer HRQoL in elderly subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPS, although frequent in younger MDD patients, were slightly more frequent in elderly MDD patients and associated with comparatively poorer clinical and functional outcomes. As elderly patients report somatic symptoms more readily than emotional symptoms, physicians should consider depression in addition to physical causes when PPS are present.
authors.affiliation: OptumInsight, Sydney, NSW, Australia. alan.brnabic@optum.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brnabic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raskin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alev
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serap Monkul
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lowry
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents