title: Anti-tumor effect of Ardisia crispa hexane fraction on 7, 12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene-induced mouse skin papillomagenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ardisia crispa Thunb. A. DC (Myrsinaceae) or locally known as hen's eyes has been used in local folk medicine as a remedy in various illnesses. Previously, it has been reported to inhibit various inflammatory diseases. However, research done on this plant is still limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, the hexane fraction of the A. crispa root (ACRH) was evaluated on the peri-initiation and promotion phases of skin carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This two-stage skin carcinogenesis was induced by a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by repeated treatment with croton oil for 10 weeks in Imprinting Control Region (ICR) mice. Morphological observation would be conducted to measure tumor incidence, tumor burden, and tumor volume. Histological evaluation on the skin tissue would also be done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The carcinogen control group exhibited 66.67% of tumor incidence. Although, in the ACRH-treated groups, at 30 mg/kg, the mice showed only 10% of tumor incidence with a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the values of tumor burden and tumor volume of 2.00 and 0.52 mm(3), respectively. Furthermore, the result was significantly lower than that of the carcinogen and curcumin control. At 100 mg/kg, ACRH showed a comparable result to carcinogen control. On the contrary, at 300 mg/kg, ACRH exhibited 100% tumor incidence and showed a significant elevated (P < 0.05) value of tumor burden (3.80) and tumor volume (14.67 ± 2.48 mm(3)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study thus demonstrates that the anti-tumor effect of the chemopreventive potential of ACRH is at a lower dosage (30 mg/kg bwt) in both the initiating and promotion period, yet it exhibits a promoting effect at a higher dosage (300 mg/kg bwt).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hamizah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Roslida Abdul
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.forename: Yeong Looi
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: Fezah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Othman
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D031644:Ardisia / Q000378:metabolism*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000187:drug effects; D018890:Chemoprevention; D003436:Croton Oil; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010212:Papilloma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D003436:Croton Oil; D003474:Curcumin