title: Grape seed extract as a potential remineralizing agent: a comparative in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Remineralization is an effective treatment that may stop or reverse early tooth decay. Grape seed extract (GSE) is the potential remineralizing agent under investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sound human tooth sections were obtained from the cervical portion of the root and stored in demineralizing solution at 37°C for 96 hours to induce artificial root caries lesions. The sections were divided into four treatment groups including 6.5% grape seed extract, sodium monofluorophosphate (220 ppm) with 0.05% calcium glycerophosphate, 0.5% calcium glycerophosphate and control (no treatment). An in vitro pH cycling model was used to cycle the demineralized specimens through treatment solutions, acidic buffer and neutral buffer for 8 days at 6 cycles per day. Subsequently, they were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscope. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSE revealed less demineralization and more remineralization compared with other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GSE promotes remineralization of artificial root caries lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The search for the perfect remineralizing agent continues to this day. GSE could be a welcome addition to the remineralization armamentarium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Shiny
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Roshni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Sabeena Susan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Mohan Thomas
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nainan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017213:Root Caries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D010710:Phosphates; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C012980:fluorophosphate; C013221:proanthocyanidin; D005459:Fluorides