title: Prognostic value of C-reactive protein, lactase dehydrogenase and anemia in recurrent or refractory aggressive lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prognostic predictors for newly diagnosed malignant lymphoma are well known. However, they have not been compared for patients with recurrent or refractory malignant lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed biological prognostic predictors for patients with recurrent or refractory aggressive lymphoma, such as serum levels of C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin, β2-microglobulin and soluble interleukin-2 receptor before salvage therapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival after salvage treatment. First, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for each of the parameters, using the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis, respectively. Secondly, we classified the patients into three risk groups on the basis of significant poor predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three patients, including 41 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, were included in this study. Overall survival was significantly worse in patients with elevated C-reactive protein level (hazard ratio 3.757; P = 0.017), elevated lactate dehydrogenase level (hazard ratio 3.948; P = 0.010) and anemia (hazard ratio 3.925; P = 0.016) by multivariate analysis. We classified patients into two groups based on these three biological parameters. The median overall survival of the high- and low-risk patients was 5.8 and 60.1 months, respectively (log-rank test; P < 0.001). The overall response rate was significantly higher among the low-risk patients than among the high-risk patients (71.4 versus 28.6%, P = 0.005). Those results were similar among all aggressive lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated C-reactive protein level, elevated lactate dehydrogenase level and anemia before salvage treatment predicted poorer outcomes among patients with recurrent or refractory aggressive lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Hematology/Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358550, Japan. kazuhito.suzuki@jfcr.or.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terui
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Sakura
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakajiri
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuyama
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Kiyohiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase