title: Human cell death in relation to DNA damage after exposure to the untreated and biologically treated pharmaceutical wastewater.
abstract: Among all the pharmaceutical drugs that contaminate the environment, antibiotics occupy an important place due to their high consumption rates in both veterinary and human medicine. The present study examined the ability of Pseudomonas putida to grow on the antibiotic wastewater, currently expanding in Tunisia, containing amoxicillin and cefadroxil. P. putida was very efficient to grow quickly in pharmaceutical wastewater (PW) and in reducing the total dissolved solids to 80.1 %. Cytotoxicity of PW, before and after biodegradation with P. putida mt-2, was evaluated in vitro, using the MTT assay, against four human tumor cell lines such as A549 (lung cell carcinoma), HCT15 (colon cell carcinoma), MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma), and U373 (glioma cell carcinoma). The PW reduced all human cell lines viability in a dose-dependent manner. This activity was very remarkable against U373 cell line. For this reason, we have tested the genotoxicity of PW using comet assay for quantification of DNA fragmentation. In fact, PW has statistically significant (p<0.001) influence on DNA. Indeed, the percentage of genotoxicity was 66.87 and 87.5 %, after 24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively. However, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity decreased strongly when tested the PW obtained after incubation with P. putida mt-2. Our results indicate that P. putida is a promising and improved alternative to treating industrial-scale effluent compared to current chemical treatment procedures used by the industrials.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche Pharmacognosie Biologie Moléculaire Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir Dentaire Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mounira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krifa
authors.forename: Afef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dellai
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bouhlel
authors.forename: Jacque
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: Ameur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cherif
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barillier
authors.forename: Ridha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mosrati
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chekir-Ghedira
authors.forename: Hedi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben Mansour
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002434:Cefadroxil / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D014416:Tunisia; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000658:Amoxicillin; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002434:Cefadroxil; D007220:Industrial Waste; D062065:Wastewater