title: Determinant factors of gender identity: a commentary.
abstract: Paediatric specialists involved in the care of children with disorders of sex development may be expected to provide straightforward answers to questions concerning the "true sex" of a child, reflecting common perceptions of sex/gender as an immutable binary biological reality. This article highlights how much more broad and complex the topic of gender identity and its development is. Many theories have been put forward to advance knowledge of gender identity. Against the breadth and depth of this vast topic, the current overview is inevitably incomplete. It begins by arguing for a more consistent use of 'sex' and 'gender'. It considers in turn three influential theoretical frameworks that lend themselves to empirical research. These are: 1) the role of the brain; 2) the role of socialisation; and 3) multi-dimensional gender development. The article ends by suggesting potentially fruitful questions and areas for future research.
authors.affiliation: University College London Hospitals, UK. lih-mei.liao@uclh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Lih-Mei
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Audi
authors.forename: Ellie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magritte
authors.forename: Heino F L
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Meyer-Bahlburg
authors.forename: Charmian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Quigley
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis; D012919:Social Behavior; D009626:Terminology as Topic