title: Nasal tip recontouring in primary rhinoplasty: the endonasal complete release approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgery of the nasal tip is a particular challenging aspect of rhinoplasty. We describe a surgical concept in nasal tip surgery that is novel in certain aspects. It combines maneuvers that are typically reserved for the open approach with the minimally invasive concept of endonasal rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Integral to the concept are the complete dissection and delivery of the lateral crus, repositioning of the dome, placement of alar strut grafts that extend far medially, and lateral advancement of the lateral crus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This concept of nasal tip recontouring through the endonasal complete release approach is illustrated in detail. Representative cases are displayed, and outcomes in a population of 100 consecutive young female primary rhinoplasty patients are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concept allows for excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes through a minimally invasive approach with preservation of a naturally soft nasal tip. Patient comfort is maximized by reduced swelling, avoidance of nasal packing, and obviation of external incisions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic Surgery,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Gassner
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mueller-Vogt
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strutz
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuehnel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult