title: Preparation of biosilica structures from frustules of diatoms and their applications: current state and perspectives.
abstract: Frustules, the silica shells of diatoms, have unique porous architectures with good mechanical strength. In recent years, biologists have learned more about the mechanism of biosilica shells formation; meanwhile, physicists have revealed their optical and microfluidic properties, and chemists have identified ways to modify them into various materials while maintaining their hierarchical structures. These efforts have provided more opportunities to use biosilica structures in microsystems and other commercial products. This review focuses on the preparation of biosilica structures and their applications, especially in the development of microdevices. We discuss existing methods of extracting biosilica from diatomite and diatoms, introduce methods of separating biosilica structures by shape and sizes, and summarize recent studies on diatom-based devices used for biosensing, drug delivery, and energy applications. In addition, we introduce some new findings on diatoms, such as the elastic deformable characteristics of biosilica structures, and offer perspectives on planting diatom biosilica in microsystems.
authors.affiliation: Bionic and Micro/Nano/Bio Manufacturing Technology Research Center, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, XueYuan Road No. 37, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xinggang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Deyuan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D017377:Diatoms / Q000378:metabolism*; D049329:Nanostructures; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012822:Silicon Dioxide