title: Simple and rapid detection method for the mutations in SLC22A12 that cause hypouricemia by allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypouricemia is a disorder that serum urate level is less than 2.0 mg/dl, and relatively common in the Japanese population, where the main genetic cause of hypouricemia is W258X and R90H mutations in human urate trasnsporter 1(SLC22A12). Small scale screening has relied on time-consuming traditional ways like polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Therefore, it is beneficial that we have an easy and rapid detection method for these mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, we established a touchdown allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) assay for detecting W258X and R90H mutations in SLC22A12, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantifiable discrimination was successfully achieved by ∆Ct value. Furthermore, we conducted W258X and R90H screening against 120 control genome sets, whereby frequency was 2.92% for W258X, and not detected for R90H, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two mutations, W258X and R90H in SLC22A12 were successfully genotyped by an easy and rapid ASPCR assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Omae
authors.forename: Juliet O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Makanga
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inazu
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People; D001692:Biological Transport; D017931:DNA Primers; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D015499:Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; C491241:SLC22A12 protein, human; D014527:Uric Acid