title: Association of coffee consumption with serum adiponectin, leptin, inflammation and metabolic markers in Japanese workers: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanisms underlying coffee's beneficial actions against cardiovascular disease and glucose metabolism are not well understood. Little information is available regarding association between coffee consumption and adipocytokines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated potential associations between coffee consumption and adiponectin, leptin, markers for subclinical inflammation, glucose metabolism, lipids and liver enzymes. We then investigated whether adipocytokines played a role in the association between coffee consumption and these markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study comprising 2554 male and 763 female Japanese workers. Potential relations between coffee consumption and adipocytokines or other markers were evaluated using a multiple linear regression model adjusted for confounding factors. We evaluated whether adiponectin and leptin partly explain the associations between coffee consumption and each marker by multiple mediation analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coffee consumption showed significant positive associations with adiponectin and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and inverse associations with leptin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), triglycerides and liver enzymes (all P<0.05). An adjustment for adiponectin and leptin significantly attenuated the associations between coffee consumption and hs-CRP or triglycerides, but not for liver enzymes. No associations were observed between coffee consumption and glucose metabolism-related markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coffee consumption was associated with high adiponectin and low leptin levels. We speculated that adipocytokines mainly explain the associations of coffee consumption with lipids and hs-CRP. Factors other than adipocytokines may explain the association between coffee consumption and liver function.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan [2] Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yatsuya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murohara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi