title: Association of electrocardiographically determined left ventricular mass with incident diabetes, 1985-1986 to 2010-2011: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrocardiographic indices reflecting left ventricular hypertrophy are associated with incident diabetes in clinical populations at risk for coronary heart disease. We tested whether electrocardiographically determined left ventricular mass was positively associated with incident diabetes in a population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study participants (n = 4,739) were followed from 1985-1986 to 2010-2011 for incident diabetes. Validated sex- and race-specific formulas were applied to standard electrocardiograms to determine left ventricular mass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 25 years, 444 participants developed diabetes (9.4%). After adjustment for demographic, behavioral, and clinical covariates, participants in the highest quartile of left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were twice as likely to develop diabetes than participants in the lower three quartiles (hazard ratio 2.61 [95% CI 2.16-3.17]). Neither Cornell voltage nor Cornell voltage product was associated with incident diabetes in fully adjusted models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrocardiographically determined LVMI may be a useful noninvasive marker for identifying adults at risk for diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. carnethon@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Mercedes R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carnethon
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Elsayed Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: Cora E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sidney
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lloyd-Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult