title: Neutralization interfering antibodies: a "novel" example of humoral immune dysfunction facilitating viral escape?
abstract: The immune response against some viral pathogens, in particular those causing chronic infections, is often ineffective notwithstanding a robust humoral neutralizing response. Several evasion mechanisms capable of subverting the activity of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) have been described. Among them, the elicitation of non-neutralizing and interfering Abs has been hypothesized. Recently, this evasion mechanism has acquired an increasing interest given its possible impact on novel nAb-based antiviral therapeutic and prophylactic approaches. In this review, we illustrate the mechanisms of Ab-mediated interference and the viral pathogens described in literature as able to adopt this "novel" evasion strategy.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Virology Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy. sautto.giuseppe@hsr.it
authors.forename: Mancini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicasio
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sautto
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clementi
authors.forename: Roberta A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Diotti
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Criscuolo
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castelli
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solforosi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clementi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burioni
mesh_terms: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral