title: Effects of a dynamic progressive orthotic intervention for chronic hemiplegia: a case series.
abstract: METHODS
  Case series design on a single subgroup of participants.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Management of hypertonicity and resistance to passive movement (RTPM) in the upper extremity is an intractable problem for persons with stroke and the therapists who provide their care. Therapists have limited options for assessment and treatment of this condition which can profoundly limit functional performance and quality of life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a 12-week dynamic progressive orthotic intervention in persons with chronic stroke exhibiting wrist flexion contracture who are residents of a long-term skilled nursing facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A custom-fitted dynamic progressive wrist extension orthotic was applied to 6 residents with chronic stroke. The orthotic was worn for 4 h daily, 4×/week for 12 weeks. Wrist passive range of motion (PROM) and RTPM were measured weekly and after discontinuation of the orthotics using the Modified Ashworth Scale and the Tardieu Scale of Spasticity. Signal analysis of electromyographical (EMG) flexor response to extensor stretching was also measured before and after orthotic intervention using maximal root mean square (RMS) values and EMG burst onset time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A moderate effect was found for changes in PROM with the orthotic intervention. Progress made diminished following discontinuation. Moderate effects were also seen in EMG measures which indicated increases in amount of resistive-free movement following intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A dynamic progressive orthotic intervention can be an effective option for increasing wrist PROM and reducing RTPM in persons with chronic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1137, USA. bmdoucet@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Barbara M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Doucet
authors.forename: Joni A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mettler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000503:physiopathology