title: A compact frequency-domain photon migration system for integration into commercial hybrid small animal imaging scanners for fluorescence tomography.
abstract: The work presented herein describes the system design and performance evaluation of a miniaturized near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM) system with non-contact excitation and homodyne detection capability for small animal fluorescence tomography. The FDPM system was developed specifically for incorporation into a Siemens micro positron emission tomography/computed tomography (microPET/CT) commercial scanner for hybrid small animal imaging, but could be adapted to other systems. Operating at 100 MHz, the system noise was minimized and the associated amplitude and phase errors were characterized to be ±0.7% and ±0.3°, respectively. To demonstrate the tomographic ability, a commercial mouse-shaped phantom with 50 µM IRDye800CW and ⁶⁸Ga containing inclusion was used to associate PET and NIRF tomography. Three-dimensional mesh generation and anatomical referencing was accomplished through CT. A third-order simplified spherical harmonics approximation (SP₃) algorithm, for efficient prediction of light propagation in small animals, was tailored to incorporate the FDPM approach. Finally, the PET-NIRF target co-localization accuracy was analyzed in vivo with a dual-labeled imaging agent targeting orthotopic growth of human prostate cancer. The obtained results validate the integration of time-dependent fluorescence tomography system within a commercial microPET/CT scanner for multimodality small animal imaging.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Imaging, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Chinmay D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Darne
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: I-Chih
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Banghe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Shikui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sevick-Muraca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D017785:Photons; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011846:Radio Waves; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed