title: Cardiac vagal index does not explain age-independent maximal heart rate.
abstract: Cardiac vagal tone (CVT), a key determinant of resting heart rate (HR), is progressively withdrawn with incremental exercise and nearly abolished at maximal effort. While maximal HR decreases with age, there remains a large interindividual variability of results for any given age. In the present study, we hypothesized that CVT does not contribute to age-independent maximal HR. Data were obtained from 1 000 (39±14 years old) healthy subjects (719 men) who were not taking medications affecting CVT or maximal HR performed a clinically normal and truly maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. CVT was estimated using the cardiac vagal index (CVI), a dimensionless ratio obtained by dividing 2 cardiac cycle durations--end of exercise and pre-exercise--, reflecting HR increases during a 4-s unloaded cycling test (a vagally-mediated response). Maximal HR was expressed as % of that predicted by age (208-0.7 × age (years)). Linear regression analyses identified that CVI can explain only 1% of the % age-predicted maximal HR variability with a high standard error of estimate (~6.3%), indicating the absence of a true physiological cause-effect relationship. In conclusion, the influence of CVI on % of age-predicted maximal HR is null in healthy subjects, suggesting distinct physiological mechanisms and potential clinical complementary role for these exercise-related variables.
authors.affiliation: Gama Filho University, Exercise and Sport Sciences Graduate Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Araujo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult