title: Influence of delayed graft function and acute rejection on outcomes after kidney transplantation from donors after cardiac death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection (AR) exert an adverse impact on graft outcomes after kidney transplantation using organs from donation after brain-stem death (DBD) donors. Here, we examine the impact of DGF and AR on graft survival in kidney transplants using organs from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a single-center retrospective study of DCD and DBD donor kidney transplants. We compared 1- and 4-year graft and patient survival rates, as well as death-censored graft survival (DCGS) rates, between the two groups using univariate analysis, and the impact of DGF and AR on graft function was compared using multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty DCD and 206 DBD donor transplants were analyzed. Median follow-up was 4.5 years. The incidence of DGF was higher among DCD recipients (73% vs. 27%, P<0.001), and AR was higher among DBD recipients (23% vs. 9%, P<0.001). One-year and 4-year graft survival rates were similar (DCD 94% and 79% vs. DBD 90% and 82%). Among recipients with DGF, the 4-year DCGS rate was better for DCD recipients compared with DBD recipients (100% vs. 92%, P=0.04). Neither DGF nor AR affected the 1-year graft survival rate in DCD recipients, whereas in DBD recipients, the 1-year graft survival rate was worse in the presence of DGF (88% vs. 96%, P=0.04) and the 4-year DCGS rate was worse in the presence of AR (88% vs. 96%, P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the high incidence of DGF, medium-term outcomes of DCD kidney transplants are comparable to those from DBD transplants. Short-term graft survival from DCD transplants is not adversely influenced by DGF and AR, unlike in DBD transplants.
authors.affiliation: Cardiff Transplant Unit, Directorate of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK. npramod@doctors.net.uk
authors.forename: Pramod
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: Gareth W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Szabolcs
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fialova
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.forename: Argiris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asderakis
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kaposztas
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002102:Cadaver; D003643:Death; D051799:Delayed Graft Function / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000401:mortality*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult