title: An independent audit of the Australian food industry's voluntary front-of-pack nutrition labelling scheme for energy-dense nutrition-poor foods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since 2006, the Australian food industry has promoted its front-of-pack (FOP) food labelling system-the Daily Intake Guide (DIG)-as a success story of industry self-regulation. With over 4000 products already voluntary featuring the DIG, the industry argues that government regulation of FOP nutrition labelling is simply unnecessary. However, no independent audit of the industry's self-regulation has ever been undertaken and we present the first such Australian data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) snacks were audited at nine Australian supermarkets, including biscuits, candy, ice creams, chocolates, crisps, sports drinks, energy drinks, flavoured milks, sweetened juices and soft drinks. In these categories nutrition labels were recorded for 728 EDNP products in various packaging sizes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DIG was displayed on 66% of audited EDNP products but most of these (75%) did not report saturated fat and sugar content. Only generic supermarket EDNP products were likely to display saturated fat and sugar content, compared with very few branded products (48% vs 4%, P<0.001). Branded products not displaying fat and sugar content contained on average 10-times more saturated fat than those displaying such (10% vs 1% DI, P<0.001) and nearly twice as much sugar (21 vs 13% DI, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most Australian manufacturers of EDNP products have adopted the DIG; consistent with industry claims of widespread adoption, but almost all still avoid displaying the high saturated fat and sugar content of their products by opting for the 'energy alone' option, violating the industry's own voluntarily guidelines and highlighting serious weaknesses with the industry's self-regulation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer Control, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. o.carter@ecu.edu.au
authors.forename: O B J
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Phan
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D002149:Energy Intake; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D005515:Food Labeling; D063427:Food Quality; D005523:Food Supply / Q000191:economics*; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009753:Nutritive Value; D062410:Snacks; D035141:Voluntary Programs
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose