title: Enucleation in Iceland 1992-2004: study in a defined population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence rate as well as causative diagnoses and surgical indications of enucleation in Iceland during the years 1992-2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective population-based incidence study involving the entire population of Iceland. Medical records of all patients who underwent enucleation in Iceland from January 1992 through December 2004 were reviewed. The annually updated Icelandic census was used as a denominator data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six eyes were enucleated during 1992-2004. No eviscerations were done, and the three exenterations performed were not included in the study. The mean annual age-adjusted incidence rate of enucleation in Iceland was 1.48 enucleations per 100 000 population in comparison with 2.66 enucleations per 100 000 for the time period 1964-1991. With advancing age, a significant increasing linear trend existed (p < 0.001). The median age at enucleation was 51 years (SD 22; mean 55 years; 16-91 years). The three most common surgical indications for enucleation were blind painful eye, suspected ocular malignancy and acute trauma. The most common causative diagnosis for enucleation was traumatic lesion (39%). The annual incidence was 2.00 enucleations per 100 000 for men and 0.95 for women. There were significantly more men in the traumatic lesion group (p < 0.001), but no gender predominance was found in the other groups of causative diagnoses (p = 0.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall mean annual incidence of enucleation in Iceland is continually decreasing, although the incidence of severe ocular trauma and ocular malignancy is fairly stable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, IcelandSchool of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, IcelandDepartment of Pathology, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Asbjorg
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geirsdottir
authors.forename: Bjarni A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Agnarsson
authors.forename: Gudleif
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Helgadottir
authors.forename: Haraldur
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D015353:Eye Enucleation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D058447:Eye Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020273:Orbital Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult