title: Computationally estimated apolipoproteins B and A1 in predicting cardiovascular risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Apolipoproteins B (apoB) and A1 (apoA1) may be better markers of atherosclerosis than serum lipids. We used computational methods to estimate apoB and apoA1 from serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and tested their clinical value in comparison to measured apoB and apoA1 values.
  
  
  METHODS
  ApoB and apoA1 were measured with standard methods and estimated based on neural network regression models in 2166 young adult with data on carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations between estimated and measured apoB and apoA1 were r = 0.98 and r = 0.95, respectively. ApoB/apoA1-ratio (both measured and estimated) associated with cIMT in multivariable models, and predicted cIMT at all levels of LDL-cholesterol concentration. Strong correlations between the estimated apolipoproteins and those measured from fasting samples were replicated in over 15,000 Caucasian subjects (r = 0.93-0.96 for apoB and r = 0.91-0.92 for apoA1). Correlations with cIMT were replicated in over 2000 individuals. Estimated apoB/apoA1-ratio calculated from non-fasting lipids in over 20,000 individuals in the INTERHEART study was better than any of the cholesterol measures for estimation of the myocardial risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides can be used to compute clinically useful estimates of apoB and apoA1. Using this methodology, estimates of apolipoproteins could be routinely added to laboratory reports to complement lipoprotein lipids in risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. olli.raitakari@utu.fi
authors.forename: Olli T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.forename: Ville-Petteri
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Mäkinen
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McQueen
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niemi
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juonala
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jauhiainen
authors.forename: Veikko
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salomaa
authors.forename: Minna L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hannuksela
authors.forename: Markku J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.forename: Y Antero
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kesäniemi
authors.forename: Petri T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Kovanen
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundvall
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Solakivi
authors.forename: Britt-Marie
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marniemi
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernesniemi
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kähönen
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leiviskä
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jula
authors.forename: Sonia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: Ruby
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.forename: Jorma S A
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ala-Korpela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers