title: Pedestrian Injuries By Source: Serious and Disabling Injuries in US and European Cases.
abstract: US and European pedestrian crash cases were analyzed to determine frequency of injury by body region and by the vehicle component identified as the injury source. US pedestrian data was drawn from the Pedestrian Crash Data Study (PCDS). European pedestrian data was drawn from the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS). Results were analyzed in terms of both serious injury (AIS 3+) and disabling injury estimated with the Functional Capacity Index (FCI). The results are presented in parallel for a more complete international perspective on injuries and injury sources. Lower extremity injury from bumper impact and head&face injury from windshield impact were the most frequent combinations for both serious and disabling injuries. Serious lower extremity injuries from bumper contact occurred in 43% of seriously injured pedestrian cases in US PCDS data and 35% of European GIDAS cases. Lower-extremity bumper injuries also account for more than 20% of disability in both datasets. Serious head &face injuries from windshield contact occur in 27% of PCDS and 15% of GIDAS serious injury cases. While bumper impacts primarily result in lower extremity injury and windshield impacts are most often associated with head & face injuries, the hood and hood leading edge are responsible for serious and disabling injuries to a number of different body regions. Therefore, while it is appropriate to focus on lower extremity injury when studying bumper performance and on head injury risk when studying windshield impact, pedestrian performance of other components may require better understanding of injury risk for multiple body regions.
authors.affiliation: Transportation Research Center Inc. Autoliv Research NHTSA.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mallory
authors.forename: Rikard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fredriksson
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosén
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Donnelly
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma; D006801:Humans; D007869:Leg Injuries; D000069636:Pedestrians; D012307:Risk Factors; D016138:Walking; D014947:Wounds and Injuries