title: High-density lipoprotein function, dysfunction, and reverse cholesterol transport.
abstract: Although high high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels are associated with decreased cardiovascular risk in epidemiological studies, recent genetic and pharmacological findings have raised doubts about the beneficial effects of HDL. Raising HDL levels in animal models by infusion or overexpression of apolipoprotein A-I has shown clear vascular improvements, such as delayed atherosclerotic lesion progression and accelerated lesion regression, along with increased reverse cholesterol transport. Inflammation and other factors, such as myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidation, can impair HDL production and HDL function, with regard to its reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, tests of HDL function, which have not yet been developed as routine diagnostic assays, may prove useful and be a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than HDL-cholesterol levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 444195, USA.
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Feig
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hewing
authors.forename: Stanley L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hazen
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000502:physiology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D002784:Cholesterol