title: Transient heating of expressed breast milk up to 65°C inactivates HIV-1 in milk: a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method to prevent postnatal transmission.
abstract: The postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from mothers to children occurs through breastfeeding. Although heat treatment of expressed breast milk is a promising approach to make breastfeeding safer, it is still not popular, mainly because the recommended procedures are difficult to follow, or time-consuming, or because mothers do not know which temperature is sufficient to inactivate HIV without destroying the nutritional elements of milk. To overcome these drawbacks, a simple and rapid method of heat treatment that a mother could perform with regular household materials applying her day-to-day art of cooking was examined. This structured experiment has demonstrated that both cell-free and cell-associated HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in expressed breast milk could be inactivated once the temperature of milk reached 65°C. Furthermore, a heating method as simple as heating the milk in a pan over a stove to 65°C inhibited HIV-1 transmission retaining milk's nutritional key elements, for example, total protein, IgG, IgA, and vitamin B(12) . This study has highlighted a simple, handy, and cost-effective method of heat treatment of expressed breast milk that mothers infected with HIV could apply easily and with more confidence.
authors.affiliation: Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Sheikh Ariful
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hoque
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Kazi Selim
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinagawa
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okitsu
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushijima
mesh_terms: D004203:Disinfection / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000821:virology*