title: Quadriceps tendon rupture: a biomechanical comparison of transosseous equivalent double-row suture anchor versus transosseous tunnel repair.
abstract: Quadriceps rupture off the patella is traditionally repaired by a transosseous tunnel technique, although a single-row suture anchor repair has recently been described. This study biomechanically tested a new transosseous equivalent (TE) double-row suture anchor technique compared with the transosseous repair for quadriceps repair. After simulated quadriceps-patella avulsion in 10 matched cadaveric knees, repairs were completed by either a three tunnel transosseous (TT = 5) or a TE suture anchor (TE = 5) technique. Double-row repairs were done using two 5.5 Bio-Corkscrew FT (fully threaded) (Arthrex, Inc., Naples, FL, USA) and two 3.5 Bio-PushLock anchors (Arthrex, Inc., Naples, FL, USA) with all 10 repairs done with #2 FiberWire suture (Arthrex, Inc., Naples, FL). Cyclic testing from 50 to 250 N for 250 cycles and pull to failure load (1 mm/s) were undertaken. Gap formation and ultimate tensile load (N) were recorded and stiffness data (N/mm) were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney U test and survival characteristics examined with Kaplan-Meier test. No significant difference was found between the TE and TT groups in stiffness (TE = 134 +/- 15 N/mm, TT = 132 +/- 26 N/mm, p = 0.28). The TE group had significantly less ultimate tensile load (N) compared with the TT group (TE = 447 +/- 86 N, TT = 591 +/- 84 N, p = 0.04), with all failures occurring at the suture eyelets. Although both quadriceps repairs were sufficiently strong, the transosseous repairs were stronger than the TE suture anchor repairs. The repair stiffness and gap formation were similar between the groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Matthew K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: J Field
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Scovell
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Krupp
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wyland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000293:injuries*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D053441:Suture Anchors; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D013718:Tensile Strength