title: Association of ethnicity and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in a South East Asian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and serious complication after cardiac surgery. Clinical factors alone have failed to accurately predict the incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery. Ethnicity has been shown to be a predictor of AKI in the Western population. We tested the hypothesis that ethnicity is an independent predictor of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in a South East Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1756 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery were prospectively recruited. Among them, data of 1639 patients met the criteria for analysis. There were 1182 Chinese, 195 Indian, and 262 Malay patients. The main outcome was postoperative AKI, defined as a 25% or greater increase in preoperative to a maximum postoperative serum creatinine level within 3 days after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred and seventy-nine patients (35.3%) developed AKI after cardiac surgery. Ethnicity was shown to be an independent predictor of AKI after cardiac surgery with Indians and Malays having a higher risk of developing AKI when compared with Chinese patients (odds ratio: Indian vs Chinese 1.44, Malay vs Chinese 1.51).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indians and Malays have a higher risk of developing AKI after cardiac surgery than Chinese in a South East Asian population. Ethnicity was shown to be an independent predictor of AKI after cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore. sophiachew@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S T H
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: W M T
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mar
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Ti
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D044466:Asian People; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010477:Perfusion; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine