title: Putting problem formulation at the forefront of GMO risk analysis.
abstract: When applying risk assessment and the broader process of risk analysis to decisions regarding the dissemination of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), the process has a tendency to become remarkably complex. Further, as greater numbers of countries consider authorising the large-scale dissemination of GMOs, and as GMOs with more complex traits reach late stages of development, there has been increasing concern about the burden posed by the complexity of risk analysis. We present here an improved approach for GMO risk analysis that gives a central role to problem formulation. Further, the risk analysis strategy has been clarified and simplified in order to make rigorously scientific risk assessment and risk analysis more broadly accessible to diverse stakeholder groups.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-Versailles, Versailles, France.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tepfer
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Racovita
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D030781:Organisms, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics*; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment