title: Dendritic cell-based vaccination for renal cell carcinoma: challenges in clinical trials.
abstract: After decades of research, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines for renal cell carcinoma have progressed from preclinical rodent models and safety assessments to Phase I/II clinical trials. DC vaccines represent a promising therapy that has produced measurable immunological responses and prolonged survival rates. However, there is still much room to improve in terms of therapeutic efficacy. The key issues that affect the efficiency and reliability of DC therapy include the selection of patients who will respond best to treatment, the proper preparation and administration of DC vaccines, and a combination of DC vaccination with other immune-enhancing therapies (e.g., removal of Tregs, CTLA-4 blockade and lymphodepletion). Additional antiangiogenic agents will hopefully lead to greater survival benefits for patients in early disease stages. This review focuses on the different approaches of DC-based vaccination against renal cell carcinoma and potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of DC vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Organ Transplant Institute, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lianming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D019496:Cancer Vaccines