title: Impact of passing mesenchymal stem cells through smaller bore size needles for subsequent use in patients for clinical or cosmetic indications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have investigated the regenerative potential and the trophic support of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) following their injection into a target organ. Clinicians favor the use of smallest bore needles possible for delivering MSCs into vascular organs like heart, liver and spleen. There has been a concern that small needle bore sizes may be detrimental to the health of these cells and reduce the survival and plasticity of MSCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, we aimed to investigate the smallest possible bore size needle which would support the safe delivery of MSCs into various tissues for different clinical or cosmetic applications. To accomplish this we injected cells via needle sizes 24, 25 and 26 G attached to 1 ml syringe in the laboratory and collected the cells aseptically. Control cells were ejected via 1 ml syringe without any needle. Thereafter, the needle ejected cells were cultured and characterized for their morphology, attachment, viability, phenotypic expression, differentiation potential, cryopreservation and in vivo migration abilities. In the second phase of the study, cells were injected via 26 G needle attached to 1 ml syringe for 10 times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar phenotypic and functional characteristics were observed between ejected and control group of cells. MSCs maintained their cellular and functional properties after single and multiple injections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study proves that 26 G bore size needles can be safely used to inject MSCs for clinical/therapeutics purposes.
authors.affiliation: Stempeutics Research Malaysia Sdn. Bhd, Technology Park Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Murali Krishna
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mamidi
authors.forename: Gurbind
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Juani Mazmin
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Husin
authors.forename: Kavitha Ganesan
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Nathan
authors.forename: Gopinath
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sasidharan
authors.forename: Zubaidah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhonde
authors.forename: Anish Sen
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: Anjan Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D048430:Cell Shape; D002470:Cell Survival; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D003358:Cosmetics; D015925:Cryopreservation; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D009339:Needles; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C101089:CM-DiI; D002232:Carbocyanines; D003358:Cosmetics