title: Community-associated extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli infection in the United States.
abstract: Background. The occurrence of community-associated infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has been recognized as a major clinical problem in Europe and other regions. Methods. We conducted a prospective observational study to examine the occurrence of community-associated infections due to ESBL-producing E. coli at centers in the United States. Five academic and community hospitals and their affiliated clinics participated in this study in 2009 and 2010. Sites of acquisition of the organisms (community-associated or healthcare-associated), risk factors, and clinical outcome were investigated. Screening for the global epidemic sequence type (ST) 131 and determination of the ESBL types was conducted by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Results. Of the 291 patients infected or colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli as outpatients or within 48 hours of hospitalization, 107 (36.8%) had community-associated infection (81.5% of which represented urinary tract infection), while the remainder had healthcare-associated infection. Independent risk factors for healthcare-associated infection over community-associated infection were the presence of cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, dementia, solid organ malignancy, and hospitalization within the previous 12 months. Of the community-associated infections, 54.2% were caused by the globally epidemic ST131 strain, and 91.3% of the isolates produced CTX-M-type ESBL. Conclusions. A substantial portion of community-onset, ESBL-producing E. coli infections now occur among patients without discernible healthcare-associated risk factors in the United States. This epidemiologic shift has implications for the empiric management of community-associated infection when involvement of E. coli is suspected.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15261, USA. yod4@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Yoon Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jesabel I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Adams-Haduch
authors.forename: Ameet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hingwe
authors.forename: Emilia M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sordillo
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Wanita J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Polsky
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: Sandra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Shutt
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Paterson
mesh_terms: D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases