title: Plasma lipid levels and body weight altered by intrauterine growth restriction and postnatal fructose diet in adult rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is known to affect the risk of adult diseases. Consumption of lipogenic fructose is increasing, and it is used as an enhancer of metabolic syndrome in rat experiments. The effects of IUGR, postnatal fructose diet, and their interaction on the lipid profile and adiposity were studied in adult rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  IUGR was induced by providing pregnant rats with 50% of daily food intake. From 1 mo onward, half of the offspring received a fructose-rich diet and were then followed to the age of 1 and 6 mo, when plasma lipid, glucose, and insulin levels were measured. The adipose tissue was visualized by magnetic resonance imaging at the age of 6 mo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IUGR and fructose diet decreased body weight in adult rats. IUGR increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 6-mo-old rats. The fructose diet evoked hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia in both the sexes and decreased fasting glucose levels in female rats. Postnatal fructose diet increased lipid content percentage in the retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal adipose tissues in male rats. Interactions between IUGR and postnatal fructose diet were observed in adult weight in males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate the importance of IUGR and fructose diet in adverse changes in lipid and glucose metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. elina.malo@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malo
authors.forename: Meiju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saukko
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santaniemi
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hietaniemi
authors.forename: Eveliina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lammentausta
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blanco Sequeiros
authors.forename: Olavi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukkola
authors.forename: Y Antero
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kesäniemi
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D005632:Fructose