title: Delayed 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 circulation in West Africa, May 2009-April 2010.
abstract: To understand 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A[H1N1]pdm09) circulation in West Africa, we collected influenza surveillance data from ministries of health and influenza laboratories in 10 countries, including Cameroon, from 4 May 2009 through 3 April 2010. A total of 10,203 respiratory specimens were tested, of which 25% were positive for influenza virus. Until the end of December 2009, only 14% of all detected strains were A(H1N1)pdm09, but the frequency increased to 89% from January through 3 April 2010. Five West African countries did not report their first A(H1N1)pdm09 case until 6 months after the emergence of the pandemic in North America, in April 2009. The time from first detection of A(H1N1)pdm09 in a country to the time of A(H1N1)pdm09 predominance varied from 0 to 37 weeks. Seven countries did not report A(H1N1)pdm09 predominance until 2010. Introduction and transmission of A(H1N1)pdm09 were delayed in this region.
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. tallus5@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Ndahwouh Talla
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nzussouo
authors.forename: Jennifer
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authors.lastname: Michalove
authors.forename: Ousmane M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Diop
authors.forename: Richard
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authors.lastname: Njouom
authors.forename: Maria de Lourdes
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Herve Kadjo
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authors.lastname: Adje
authors.forename: Serge
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authors.lastname: Manoncourt
authors.forename: Joseph
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authors.lastname: Amankwa
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authors.lastname: Koivogui
authors.forename: Samba
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authors.lastname: Sow
authors.forename: Mohamed Brahim
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Elkory
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Collard
authors.forename: Ibrahim
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authors.lastname: Dalhatu
authors.forename: Mbayame Ndiaye
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Niang
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lafond
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moniz
authors.forename: Daouda
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coulibaly
authors.forename: Karl C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kronman
authors.forename: Buhari A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Oyofo
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ampofo
authors.forename: Boubou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tamboura
authors.forename: Ahmed Ould
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Bara
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Jusot
authors.forename: Ekanem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekanem
authors.forename: Fatoumata Diène
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Sarr
authors.forename: Inzune
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cornelius
authors.forename: Babajide
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dueger
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.forename: Marc-Alain
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Widdowson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000354:Africa, Western / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae; D058873:Pandemics; D013997:Time Factors