title: The usefulness of densitometry as a method of assessing the nutritional status of athletes. Comparison with body mass index.
abstract: The body mass index (BMI) is used to assess nutritional status. The result in athletes may be overestimated due to increase in muscle mass.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the usefulness of fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) determination as indicators of nutritional status and to compare the results with BMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 28 amateur rugby players, male. After being subjected to whole body densitometry by dual X-ray absorptiometry, we determined fat and lean body mass together with other parameters. FMI (fat in kg/height in meters(2)), LMI (lean in kg/height in meters(2)) and appendicular muscle mass index (AMMI, arms and legs musculature in kg/height in meters(2)) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using BMI, 18 players were overweight and 4 obese type I. Considering FMI, 7 of them had normal values and high LMI and AMMI, one of them changed from overweight to obese and another one from obese to overweight. Of the 6 players with normal BMI, one of them showed fat excess and another one fat defect. The results changed the assessment of nutritional status in 39% of players.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although BMI is an appropriate parameter in general population for the assessment of nutritional status, in athletes should be taken into account fat and muscle body percentage and their corresponding indexes. The whole body densitometry appears to be a simple and reliable technique for this purpose.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, España. infantetorre@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Infante
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rayo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lorente
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Durán
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D005538:Football; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size; D050177:Overweight / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult