title: Retrospective review of 120 celect inferior vena cava filter retrievals: experience at a single institution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate retrospectively the safety and retrievability of the Celect IVC filter.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients undergoing Celect filter placement and retrieval during the period 2007-2012 were assessed for complications and retrievability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 620 patients who underwent Celect filter placement, 120 presented for removal. The indwelling time in these patients was 158.1 days±103.0 (range, 2-518 d). There were 106 filters (88.3%) removed; 14 filters were left in situ for the following reasons: filter embedment (n=6), caval occlusion (n=3), retained thrombus (n=2), large floating thrombus in IVC (n=2), or tilt >15° (n=1). With filters in place, five patients developed new pulmonary embolism (PE), and two others presented with severe abdominal pain. The available 115 pairs of placement and removal cavagrams suggested limb penetration in 99 cases (86.1%), intracaval migration >2 cm in 5, secondary tilt >15° in 8, filter deformity in 10, retained thrombus within filters in 12, and IVC occlusion in 3. Among 38 available computed tomography (CT) scans, 9 scans (24%) showed asymptomatic limb penetration to the duodenum (n=6), aortic wall (n=2), or kidney (n=1). No filter fracture was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a high penetration rate for Celect IVC filters, including penetrations that were symptomatic or involved adjacent structures. Penetration appears to correlate with indwelling time, suggesting that the filter should be removed as soon as PE protection is no longer indicated. Although most of the filters were removed, 5.8% of retrievals were unsuccessful because of technical failure.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Institute, Section of Interventional Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spain
authors.forename: Eunice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mclennan
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020878:Device Removal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016306:Vena Cava Filters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult