title: Deterioration of thromboses in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: TNF-alpha and anti-annexin A5 antibodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the association between clinical and serological features of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) and TNF-alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R).
  
  
  METHODS
  ELISA was used for measurement of antibodies (Abs) and TNF-alpha, while IL-6 and sIL-2R were measured by chemiluminescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAPS patients with pulmonary emboli showed positive correlation between IgM isotype of anti-annexin A5 antibodies and TNF-alpha (r = 0.894, p = 0.041) and IgM class of anticardiolipin antibodies and sIL-2R (r = 0.900, p = 0.037). In PAPS with cerebrovascular insults, positive correlation was noticed between TNF-alpha and IgG isotype of anticardiolipin (r = 0.624, p = 0.040) and anti-annexinA5 Abs (r = 0.768, p = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isotype analysis of antiphospholipid and anti-annexin A5 Abs and investigation of their association with TNF-alpha is important for differentiation of PAPS patients that are prone to further deterioration of arterial and venous thromboses.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Serbia. mb58303@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bećarević
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ignjatović
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Majkić-Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000276:immunology*; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000276:immunology; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D002308:Cardiolipins; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D015850:Interleukin-6; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha