title: Proapoptotic effect of a micropollutant (tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate) at environmental level in primary cultured renal proximal tubule cells.
abstract: Being a typical micropollutant, tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) is often found in aquatic environments. However, the potential effects of TCEP at environmental concentrations on apoptotic mechanisms are mostly unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the apoptotic regulatory protein expression of TCEP at environmental concentration in primary cultured renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs). The results show that TCEP at 0.01 and 1 mg L(-1) significantly increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) (135.5 and 138.0% of the control, respectively), and significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and cIAP-2 at all tested concentrations, except for a slight decrease of Bcl-2 at 0.01 mg L(-1). In addition, TCEP significantly increased the expression of caspase-3 at all three concentrations (132.6, 172.6 and 167.9% of the control, respectively) and caspase-9 at 1 and 10 mg L(-1) (128.3 and 144.5% of the control, respectively). Furthermore, TCEP increased the apoptotic cell population in a flow cytometry analysis. In conclusion, environmental TCEP might have a dose-dependent proapoptotic effect with a decrease of DNA synthesis and cell number in primary cultured renal PTCs.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100-044, China.
authors.forename: Xianghao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Ho Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yu Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: How Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Kyu-Jung
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: In S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011817:Rabbits; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D010755:Organophosphates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C031324:tris(chloroethyl)phosphate