title: Complication rate of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients with coagulopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to compare the complication rate for ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients with coagulopathy to the rate in patients with normal coagulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a database search for patients who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy from January 2000 through December 2010. Patients were divided into those with normal coagulation and those with coagulopathy, as documented by abnormal laboratory values (international normalized ratio ≥ 1.5 and platelet count ≤ 50 × 10(9)/L) or history of anticoagulant medication in the preceding 5 days. Medical records were reviewed, and complication rates and subsequent treatment was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact and chi-square tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred forty-two patients underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy (132 men and 110 women; mean [± SD] age, 73.9 ± 15.9 years; range, 22-104 years). One hundred thirty-two patients were coagulopathic and 110 had normal coagulation. Major complications related to ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy were rare (4/242 cases [1.7%]) and included hemorrhage requiring transfusion (n = 1), death directly related to the procedure (n = 1), sepsis related to the procedure (n = 1), and abscess or biloma formation (n = 1). All of these occurred in the group with normal coagulation. Fourteen additional deaths (5.8%) that occurred within 30 days of the procedure were related to comorbidities. Minor catheter-related complications (15/242 [6.2%]) were due to catheter dislodgement (n = 11 [4.5%]), failure of placement (n = 1 [0.4%]), and hemorrhage not requiring transfusion (n = 3 [1.2%]). Two of the minor hemorrhagic complications were seen in the coagulopathic group and one in the normal coagulation group (p = 0.599).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no difference in the complication rate for ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients who are coagulopathic compared with those who have normal coagulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Abdominal Imaging Section, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, Boston, MA 02215, USA. cathydewhurst@gmail.com
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dewhurst
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Jennifer Ní
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Mhuircheartaigh
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: Maryellen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siewert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002767:Cholecystostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional