title: A cytokine axis regulates elastin formation and degradation.
abstract: Underlying the dynamic regulation of tropoelastin expression and elastin formation in development and disease are transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that have been the focus of much research. Of particular importance is the cytokine-governed elastin regulatory axis in which the pro-elastogenic activities of transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ1) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are opposed by anti-elastogenic activities of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/FGF-2), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), EGF, PDGF-BB, TGFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and noncanonical TGFβ1 signaling. A key mechanistic feature of the regulatory axis is that cytokines influence elastin formation through effects on the cell cycle involving control of cyclin-cyclin dependent kinase complexes and activation of the Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In this article we provide an overview of the major cytokines/growth factors that modulate elastogenesis and describe the underlying molecular mechanisms for their action on elastin production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. pardue@musc.edu
authors.forename: Erin P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Sproul
authors.forename: W Scott
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Argraves
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics*; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004549:Elastin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016213:Cyclins; D016207:Cytokines; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D004549:Elastin