title: Placement of nanospace on an electrode for biosensing.
abstract: Electrical and electrochemical methods are well established as very useful techniques in the field of biosensing because they can easily handle signals and devices.  This paper provides an overview of biosensing using a nanometer-sized space functionally.  Placed effectively on the electrode, the nanospace offers several advantages, such as increased sensitivity, improved selectivity, decreased response time, and the potential for instrument miniaturization.  Given the impressive technological progress of nanospace biosensors and its growing impact on analytical science, this review offers an easy-to-understand presentation describing the history, recent advances, new methods, and future prospects of nanospace biosensors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuencho, Naka, Sakai, Japan. shii@chem.osakafu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiigi
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokonami
authors.forename: Yojiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D036103:Nanotechnology