title: The effect of phloretin on human γδ T cells killing colon cancer SW-1116 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect and mechanism of Phloretin on human γδ T cells killing colon cancer SW-1116 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  γδ T cells were amplified in vitro from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells through isopentenyl pyrophosphate method (IPP). After cocultured different concentrations of Phloretin with γδ T cells or SW-1116 cells for 48h respectively, MTT assay was used to test the growth curve of these two cells; Flow cytometry to test the expression of Granzyme B (GraB), perforin (PFP), CD107a and IFN-γ of γδ T cells; Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay to test the cytotoxic activity of the γδ T cells on SW-1116 cells; and Western blot to test the Wnt3a expression of the γδ T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After cultured with IPP for ten days, the percentage of γδ T cells increased from 3.31±3.00% to 78.40±10.30%. Compared to the control group, when the concentration of Phloretin increased from 2.35μg/ml to 18.75μg/ml, it could significantly proliferate the γδ T cell growth (P<0.05) and inhibit the growth of SW-1116 cells in dose-response, and the expression of GraB, PFP, CD107a and Wnt3a significantly increased (P<0.05). Significant positive relationships were observed among CD107a and PFP, GraB, cytotoxicity (P<0.05). The percentage of IFN-γ producing γδ T cells treated with Phloretin was significantly higher than control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phloretin can enhance the killing effect of γδ T cells on SW-1116 cells; the mechanism may be that Phloretin could proliferate the γδ T cell growth, increase the expression of PFP and GraB, activate the Wnt signaling pathway, and produce higher level of IFN-γ. Indeed CD107a expression probably correlates quite well with antitumor activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-Ting
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fu-Xing
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun-Quan
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhong-Hai
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jian-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Su-Juan
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D053804:Granzymes / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000276:immunology; D052118:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1 / Q000276:immunology; D054353:Perforin / Q000276:immunology; D010693:Phloretin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D060509:Wnt3A Protein / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D052118:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1; C555510:WNT3A protein, human; D060509:Wnt3A Protein; D054353:Perforin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D053804:Granzymes; D010693:Phloretin