title: Pharmacological evaluation of mangiferin herbosomes for antioxidant and hepatoprotection potential against ethanol induced hepatic damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fatty liver is the first stage of alcoholic damage which is reversible with abstinence from alcohol. Mangiferin (MF) showed potent scavenging activity on diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals which stimulate liver regeneration in various liver injuries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Although, MF shows hepatoprotection against various liver disorders but due to rapid clearance and limited solubility in lipoid environment, there is problem of its poor absorption from intestine hence poor bioavailability. Owing to which there is a need to develop MF herbosomes to resolve the problem of poor bioavailability to enhance the therapeutic potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  Successfully prepared MF herbosomes through complexation with phospholipids were characterized by physicochemical, chromatography, spectroscopy (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)), ex vivo absorption using everted small intestine sac technique and in vivo studies using ethanol inducing hepatotoxicity in albino rats and comparing the results against plain MF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ex vivo study showed significant increased absorption of MF from prepared MF herbosomes as compared to plain MF. The hepatoprotective potential of MF herbosomes evaluated by in vivo study revealed significantly decreased levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transminase (SGPT), total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in MF herbosomes as compared to plain MF. MF herbosomes also showed significantly decreased level of malonyl dehydrogenase along with increased levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase as compared to plain MF which was also comparable to the standard drug, silymarin (SL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above mentioned results showed that hepatoprotective and antioxidant potency of MF enhanced due to the preparation of its herbosomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour Central University , Sagar, Madhya Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Pushpendra Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Murlidhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kharya
authors.forename: Asmita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajbhiye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D008823:Micelles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D064449:Sequestering Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012995:Solubility; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D044004:Xanthones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D008823:Micelles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D020011:Protective Agents; D064449:Sequestering Agents; D044004:Xanthones; C013592:mangiferin