title: Rumination syndrome in children and adolescents: a school survey assessing prevalence and symptomatology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rumination syndrome (RS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGD) increasingly recognized in children and adolescents. The epidemiology of this condition in school aged children is poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of rumination and other related associations in a cohort of Sri Lankan children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 10-16 years were randomly selected from 8 schools in 4 provinces in Sri Lanka. RS was diagnosed using Rome III criteria. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire distributed in an examination setting. It was translated into Sinhala, the native language and pretested before distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2163 children were included in the study (55% boys, mean age 13.4 years, SD 1.8 years). Prevalence of RS was 5.1% (n = 110); boys 5.1% and girls 5.0%. When symptoms were analyzed, 73.6% reported re-swallowing of regurgitated food, while the rest spat it out. In 94.5% regurgitation occurred during the first hour after the meal. Only 8.2% had daily symptoms while 62.7% had symptoms weekly. Abdominal pain, bloating and weight loss were the commonest symptoms associated with RS (19.1%, 17.3% and 11.8% respectively). No significant association was observed between exposure to stressful events and rumination (p > 0.05). Twenty (18.2%) with RS fulfilled Rome III criteria for at least one other FGD. School absenteeism was seen in 11.8% of affected children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RS was reasonably common in this cohort of school-aged children and adolescents in Sri Lanka. However, symptoms were severe enough to affect schooling only in 12% of affected children. Around one fifth with RS had at least one other overlapping FGD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Thalagolla Road, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka. shamanr0@lycos.com
authors.forename: Shaman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajindrajith
authors.forename: Niranga Manjuri
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Devanarayana
authors.forename: Bonaventure Jayasiri
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Crispus Perera
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D019959:Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D057045:Laryngopharyngeal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012574:Schools; D057566:Self Report; D013188:Sri Lanka / Q000453:epidemiology; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors; D014839:Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015431:Weight Loss