title: Understanding the recurrent large-scale green tide in the Yellow Sea: temporal and spatial correlations between multiple geographical, aquacultural and biological factors.
abstract: The coast of Jiangsu Province in China - where Ulva prolifera has always been firstly spotted before developing into green tides - is uniquely characterized by a huge intertidal radial mudflat. Results showed that: (1) propagules of U. prolifera have been consistently present in seawater and sediments of this mudflat and varied with locations and seasons; (2) over 50,000 tons of fermented chicken manure have been applied annually from March to May in coastal animal aquaculture ponds and thereafter the waste water has been discharged into the radial mudflat intensifying eutrophication; and (3) free-floating U. prolifera could be stranded in any floating infrastructures in coastal waters including large scale Porphyra farming rafts. For a truly integrated management of the coastal zone, reduction in nutrient inputs, and control of the effluents of the coastal pond systems, are needed to control eutrophication and prevent green tides in the future.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shaojun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chopin
authors.forename: Suqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Tifeng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001685:Biological Factors; D002681:China; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008372:Manure; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010802:Phylogeny; D012621:Seasons; D044445:Ulva / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D008372:Manure; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical