title: The influence of environmental factors on bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Bone repair and regeneration are dynamic processes that involve a complex interplay between the substrate, local and systemic cells, and the milieu. Although each constituent plays an integral role in faithfully recreating the skeleton, investigators have long focused their efforts on scaffold materials and design, cytokine and hormone administration, and cell-based therapies. Only recently have the intangible aspects of the milieu received their due attention. In this review, we highlight the important influence of environmental factors on bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szpalski
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sagebin
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbaro
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D019149:Bioreactors; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004777:Environment; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010477:Perfusion; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors