title: Nuclear matrix protein 22 for bladder cancer detection: comparative analysis of the BladderChek® and ELISA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare nuclear matrix protein 22 expression by BladderChek® and ELISA, as urine-based assays for bladder cancer (BC) detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples of 100 BC patients and 100 controls were analyzed. Comparative statistical evaluations were based on sensitivity and specificity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one patients had primary and 29 recurrent BC. The sensitivity of BladderChek® was significantly higher compared to ELISA in the overall cancer cohort and in patients with primary BC (p<0.0001 and p=0.0001, respectively). Both tests demonstrated significant correlation of sensitivities and tumor stage/grade for the overall cancer cohort and for patients with primary BC. Both tests had specificity values of 100% in healthy individuals. Specificity was 93% for BladderChek® and 99% for ELISA in patients with benign diseases (p=0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BladderChek® may be clinically more useful for BC detection. Due to high specificity, BladderChek® could be used for high-risk screening. However, due to its low sensitivity, BladderChek® cannot replace but only complement cystoscopy for BC detection.
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Urology, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany. georgios.hatzichris-todoulou@lrz.tum.de
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hatzichristodoulou
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kübler
authors.forename: Hartwig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schwaibold
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wagenpfeil
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eibauer
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gschwend
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Treiber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C100379:nuclear matrix protein 22