title: Clostridium difficile isolated from the fecal contents of swine in Japan.
abstract: A total of 250 fecal content samples were collected from 25 farrow-to-finish pig farms and examined for the prevalence of Clostridium difficile by using ethanol treatment followed by plating onto selective media--cycloserine-cefoxitin-mannitol agar--for the isolation of Clostridium difficile. Two specimens (0.8%, 95% confidential interval: 0-2.9%) were positive for C. difficile. One isolate was only positive for toxin B, and the other isolate was negative for both toxins A and B. Thus, prevalence of Clostridium difficile was found to be low among finishing pigs in Japan.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan. asai-t@nval.maff.go.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Mototaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiki
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawanishi
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004768:Enterotoxins; C041348:tcdA protein, Clostridium difficile; C031815:toxB protein, Clostridium difficile