title: Human papillomavirus vaccine: 2-1-1 helplines and minority parent decision-making.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research is needed to understand parental factors influencing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, particularly in groups with a higher burden of cervical cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine correlates of HPV vaccination among a sample of low-income parents of age-eligible daughters (aged 9-17 years) who called the 2-1-1 Helpline. Secondary analyses describe potential differences in HPV vaccination correlates by Hispanic and black parent groups, in particular.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 2009 cross-sectional feasibility survey of cancer prevention needs was conducted in Houston at the 2-1-1 Texas/United Way Helpline. In 2012, to examine the association between parental psychosocial, cognitive, and decisional factors and HPV vaccination uptake (one or two doses), bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted for minority parents and for Hispanic and black parent groups, separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower rates of HPV vaccination uptake were reported among minority daughters of 2-1-1 callers (29% overall) compared with national and Texas rates. In final adjusted analysis, factors positively associated with HPV vaccination uptake included being offered the vaccination by a doctor or nurse, belief that the vaccine would prevent cervical cancer, and Hispanic ethnicity. Secondary analyses detected differences in factors associated with vaccination in Hispanic and black groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate low levels of vaccination among 2-1-1 callers. Increased understanding of determinants of HPV vaccination in low-income minority groups can guide interventions to increase coverage. Because 2-1-1 informational and referral services networks reach populations considered medically underserved, 2-1-1 can serve as a community hub for informing development of and implementing approaches aimed at hard-to-reach groups.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Lara.Staub@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Lara S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Savas
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jobe
authors.forename: Chakema C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Carmack
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007255:Information Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011203:Poverty; D013689:Telephone; D013781:Texas; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines