title: Genomic profiling of rectal adenoma and carcinoma by array-based comparative genomic hybridization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Early detection and early therapy are important for the control of death caused by rectal cancer. The present study aims to investigate the genomic alterations in rectal adenoma and carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We detected the genomic changes of 8 rectal adenomas and 8 carcinomas using array CGH. Then 14 genes were selected for analyzing the expression between rectal tumor and paracancerous normal tissues as well as from adenoma to carcinoma by real-time PCR. The expression of GPNMB and DIS3 were further investigated in rectal adenoma and carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We indentified ten gains and 22 losses in rectal adenoma, and found 25 gains and 14 losses in carcinoma. Gains of 7p21.3-p15.3, 7q22.3-q32.1, 13q13.1-q14.11, 13q21.1-q32.1, 13q32.2-q34, 20p11.21 and 20q11.23-q12 and losses of 17p13.1-p11.2, 18p11.32-p11.21 and 18q11.1-q11.2 were shared by both rectal adenoma and carcinoma. Gains of 1q, 6p21.33-p21.31 and losses of 10p14-p11.21, 14q12-q21.1, 14q22.1-q24.3, 14q31.3-q32.1, 14q32.2-q32.32, 15q15.1-q21.1, 15q22.31 and 15q25.1-q25.2 were only detected in carcinoma but not in adenoma. Copy number and mRNA expression of EFNA1 increased from rectal adenoma to carcinoma. C13orf27 and PMEPA1 with increased copy number in both adenoma and carcinoma were over expressed in rectal cancer tissues. Protein and mRNA expression of GPNMB was significantly higher in cancer tissues than rectal adenoma tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data may help to identify the driving genes involved in the adenoma-carcinoma progression.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute /Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Zhou
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yue-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Jia-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Tong-Tong
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo-Shi
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gui-Qi
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Rong
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology