title: Evaluation of dodine, fluopyram and penthiopyrad for the management of leaf spot and powdery mildew of tart cherry, and fungicide sensitivity screening of Michigan populations of Blumeriella jaapii.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Field trials were conducted on the tart cherry cultivar Montmorency to evaluate the efficacy of dodine and the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides fluopyram and penthiopyrad for control of cherry leaf spot (CLS) and powdery mildew (PM). The in vitro sensitivity of Blumeriella jaapii (CLS) to the same fungicides was also tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatments with dodine or fluopyram were among the most effective for controlling CLS, while fluopyram or penthiopyrad treatments were among the most effective for controlling PM. In vitro studies detected a wide range of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) among the isolates (0.05-400 µg AI mL(-1) ) in response to dodine. Orchard isolates showed reduced sensitivity to dodine as compared with baseline isolates. B. jaapii was more sensitive to fluopyram (0.01-10.0 µg AI mL(-1) ) than to penthiopyrad (0.01-25 µg AI mL(-1) ), and orchard isolates also showed a shift towards reduced sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that dodine remains effective in CLS control. In addition, as penthiopyrad and fluopyram become available to growers, this research establishes baseline information that will be important for future monitoring and analysis of B. jaapii population responses to exposure to dodine and these SDHI fungicides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Tyre J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Proffer
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lizotte
authors.forename: Nikki L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Sundin
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008824:Michigan; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D027861:Prunus / Q000382:microbiology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006146:Guanidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D013876:Thiophenes; C006921:dodine; C572868:N-(2-(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl)ethyl)-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-o-toluamide; C539106:penthiopyrad