title: [Invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with focus on aspergillosis and its causative agents].
abstract: Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) are a life-threatening infectious complications in immunocompromised patients and are associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality. The most common invasive mycosis in patients who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is invasive aspergilosis (IA), most frequently caused by the clinically dominant species Aspergillus fumigatus and, rarely, also by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus niger. In recent years, other related Aspergillus species were also reported to cause IFD, phenotypically similar to A. fumigatus and moreover, frequently exhibiting resistance towards various antifungals. For example, it is Aspergillus lentulus, Aspergillus viridinutans, Neosartoya fischeri, etc.  Classical microbiological methods such as direct microscopy or culture are usually used for the identification of Aspergillus species. The application of PCR-based molecular techniques and monitoring of secondary metabolites production enable detection and identification of species, which are not distinguishable solely by their morphology. PCR methods are also useful for molecular strain typing of aspergilli and can reveal the genetic diversity of isolates.
authors.affiliation: Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Czech Republic. dita.palousova@fnbrno.cz
authors.forename: Dita
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paloušová
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lengerová
authors.forename: Pavlína
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Volfová
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bejdák
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kocmanová
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Zdeněk
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ráčil
mesh_terms: D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host