title: Therapeutic effects of β1, 4 mannobiose in a Balb/c mouse model of intranasally-induced pollen allergy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nutritional prebiotic supplementation represents an attractive approach for interventions of allergy. In this study, the potential therapeutic effect of β-1, 4 mannobiose (MNB) in a murine model of cedar pollinosis was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups of Balb/c mice were intranasally sensitized to Japanese cedar pollen extract, and subsequently administered with low or high dose MNB. Both intraperitoneal and intranasal challenges were performed to monitor for clinical signs. Frequency of sneezing was recorded. Serum, spleen and Peyer's patches were collected for various biomarker analyses. Anti-allergic activity of MNB using RBL-2H3 cells was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant decrease in sneezing frequency, histamine, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17A and increase in TGF-β and IL-10 concentration were exhibited by the MNB-treated mice. However, Cry j1 and Cry j 2-specific IgE activity remained unaltered. The high dose MNB treatment increased total IgA activity and IL-10, TGF-β and FoxP3 and decreased IL-4, IL-17A, and RORγT mRNA expression. Inhibition of activation of RBL-2H3 cells was observed via decrease in histamine, intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and FcεRI mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of MNB and conclude that MNB is a potential therapeutic molecular nutritional supplement candidate for treatment of pollen allergy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Chengbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Prithy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rupa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanatani
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masahisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibuki
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mine
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006632:Histamine / Q000097:blood; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology; D056692:Prebiotics; D051381:Rats; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012912:Sneezing / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008351:Mannans; D056692:Prebiotics; C014647:mannobiose; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D006632:Histamine