title: Experimental and theoretical studies of the interaction of gas phase nitric acid and water with a self-assembled monolayer.
abstract: Nitric acid in air is formed by atmospheric reactions of oxides of nitrogen and is removed primarily through deposition to surfaces, either as the gas or after conversion to particulate nitrate. Many of the surfaces and particles have organic coatings, but relatively little is known about the interaction of nitric acid with organic films. We report here studies of the interaction of gaseous HNO(3) with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formed by reacting 7-octenyltrichlorosilane [H(2)C=CH(CH(2))(6)SiCl(3)] with the surface of a germanium infrared-transmitting attenuated total reflectance (ATR) crystal that was coated with a thin layer of silicon oxide (SiO(x)). The SAM was exposed at 298 ± 2 K to dry HNO(3) in a flow of N(2), followed by HNO(3) in humid N(2) at a controlled relative humidity (RH) between 20-90%. For comparison, similar studies were carried out using a similar crystal without the SAM coating. Changes in the surface were followed using Fourier transform infared spectroscopy (FTIR). In the case of the SAM-coated crystal, molecular HNO(3) and smaller amounts of NO(3)(-) ions were observed on the surface upon exposure to dry HNO(3). Addition of water vapor led to less molecular HNO(3) and more H(3)O(+) and NO(3)(-) complexed to water, but surprisingly, molecular HNO(3) was still evident in the spectra up to 70% RH. This suggests that part of the HNO(3) observed was initially trapped in pockets within the SAM and shielded from water vapor. After increasing the RH to 90% and then exposing the film to a flow of dry N(2), molecular nitric acid was regenerated, as expected from recombination of protons and nitrate ions as water evaporated. The nitric acid ultimately evaporated from the film. On the other hand, exposure of the SAM to HNO(3) and H(2)O simultaneously gave only hydronium and nitrate ions. Molecular dynamics simulations of defective SAMs in the presence of HNO(3) and water predict that nitric acid intercalates in defects as a complex with a single water molecule that is protected by alkyl chains from interacting with additional water molecules. These studies are consistent with the recently proposed hydrophobic nature of HNO(3). Under atmospheric conditions, if HNO(3) is formed in organic layers on surfaces in the boundary layer, e.g. through NO(3) or N(2)O(5) reactions, it may exist to a significant extent in its molecular form rather than fully dissociated to nitrate ions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Raff
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Dilbeck
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Finlayson-Pitts