title: Lifestyle risk factors for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in young adults in the Stroke in Young Fabry Patients study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although many stroke patients are young or middle-aged, risk factor profiles in these age groups are poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Stroke in Young Fabry Patients (sifap1) study prospectively recruited a large multinational European cohort of patients with cerebrovascular events aged 18 to 55 years to establish their prevalence of Fabry disease. In a secondary analysis of patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, we studied age- and sex-specific prevalences of various risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 4467 patients (median age, 47 years; interquartile range, 40-51), the most frequent well-documented and modifiable risk factors were smoking (55.5%), physical inactivity (48.2%), arterial hypertension (46.6%), dyslipidemia (34.9%), and obesity (22.3%). Modifiable less well-documented or potentially modifiable risk factors like high-risk alcohol consumption (33.0%) and short sleep duration (20.6%) were more frequent in men, and migraine (26.5%) was more frequent in women. Women were more often physically inactive, most pronouncedly at ages <35 years (18-24: 38.2%; 25-34: 51.7%), and had high proportions of abdominal obesity at age 25 years or older (74%). Physical inactivity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes mellitus increased with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large European cohort of young patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular events, modifiable risk factors were highly prevalent, particularly in men and older patients. These data emphasize the need for vigorous primary and secondary prevention measures already in young populations targeting modifiable lifestyle vascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany. Bettina.vonSarnowski@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: von Sarnowski
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Putaala
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grittner
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gaertner
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schminke
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curtze
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanislav
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lichy
authors.forename: Vida
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Demarin
authors.forename: Vanja
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Basic-Kes
authors.forename: E Bernd
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ringelstein
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neumann-Haefelin
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enzinger
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazekas
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dichgans
authors.forename: Gerhard J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Jungehulsing
authors.forename: Peter U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Heuschmann
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaps
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Norrving
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rolfs
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Turgut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatlisumak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000795:Fabry Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult