title: Vascular actions of aldosterone.
abstract: Aldosterone exerts direct effects on the vascular system by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, hypertrophic remodeling, fibrosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Aldosterone exerts its effects through genomic and nongenomic pathways in a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-dependent or independent manner. Other aldosterone receptors such as GPR30 have been identified. A tight relation exists between the aldosterone and angiotensin II pathways, as well as with the endothelin-1 system. There is a correlation between plasma levels of aldosterone and cardiovascular risk. Recently, an increasing body of evidence has underlined the importance of aldosterone in cardiovascular complications associated with the metabolic syndrome, such as arterial remodeling and endothelial dysfunction. Blockade of MR is an increasingly used evidence-based therapy for many forms of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Medicine, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, INSERM CIC 9201, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Briet
authors.forename: Ernesto L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Schiffrin
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000502:physiology; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005355:Fibrosis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006984:Hypertrophy; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008901:Mineralocorticoids / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A / Q000502:physiology; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D008901:Mineralocorticoids; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000450:Aldosterone; D012964:Sodium