title: Responses of Lumbriculus variegatus to activated carbon amendments in uncontaminated sediments.
abstract: Activated carbon (AC) amendment is a recently developed sediment remediation method. The strong hydrophobic organic contaminant sorption efficiency of AC has been shown in several studies, but effects on benthic organisms require more investigation. The AC induced effects on egestion rate, growth and reproduction of Lumbriculus variegatus were studied by applying bituminous coal based AC in three different particle size fractions, namely <63 μm (90%, AC(p)), 63-200 μm (AC(m)) and 1000 μm (AC(g)), to natural uncontaminated (HS) and artificial sediment (AS). Egestion rate, growth and reproduction decreased with increasing AC concentration and finer AC particle fractions, effects being stronger on HS than on AS sediment. Lipid content in AS was reduced already at the lowest AC doses applied (AC(p) and AC(m) 0.05%, AC(g) 0.25%). In addition, hormesis-like response was observed in growth (AS) and reproduction (AS, HS) indicating that AC may disturb organisms even at very low doses. Potential ecological effects need to be further evaluated in an amendment- and site-specific manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. inna.nybom@uef.fi
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nybom
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Matti T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Leppänen
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siavalas
authors.forename: Kimon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Christanis
authors.forename: Hrissi K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Karapanagioti
authors.forename: Jussi V K
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Kukkonen
authors.forename: Jarkko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akkanen
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003031:Coal / Q000032:analysis; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002606:Charcoal