title: Nanomaterial inhalation exposure from nanotechnology-based cosmetic powders: a quantitative assessment.
abstract: In this study we quantified exposures to airborne particles ranging from 14 nm to 20 µm due to the use of nanotechnology-based cosmetic powders. Three nanotechnology-based and three regular cosmetic powders were realistically applied to a mannequin's face while measuring the concentration and size distribution of inhaled aerosol particles. Using these data we calculated that the highest inhaled particle mass was in the coarse aerosol fraction (2.5-10 µm), while particles <100 nm made minimal contribution to the inhaled particle mass. For all powders, 85-93 % of aerosol deposition occurred in the head airways, while <10 % deposited in the alveolar and <5 % in the tracheobronchial regions. Electron microscopy data suggest that nanomaterials were likely distributed as agglomerates across the entire investigated aerosol size range (14 nm-20 µm). Thus, investigation of nanoparticle health effects should consider not only the alveolar region, but also other respiratory system regions where substantial nanomaterial deposition during the actual nanotechnology-based product use would occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Yevgen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nazarenko
authors.forename: Huajun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Taewon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lioy
authors.forename: Gediminas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mainelis