title: Enhanced dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Pd/FeFe3O4 nanocomposites.
abstract: The Pd/FeFe(3)O(4) nanocomposites showed higher dechlorination efficiency of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) rather than bare Pd/Fe nanoparticles in the batch dechlorination experiments. nFe(3)O(4) provided a convenient way to recycle the nanocomposites with an external magnetic field and significantly enhanced 2,4-DCP dechlorination. 2.0 g L(-1) nFe(3)O(4) was the optimal dosage in the presence of 3 g L(-1) Pd/Fe nanoparticles in our system, removing 76.4% 2,4-DCP within 5h in the aqueous environment. This was much higher than bare Pd/Fe nanoparticles (35.8%), 1.0 g L(-1) nFe(3)O(4) (58.0%) and 2.5 g L(-1) nFe(3)O(4) (66.3%) employed under the same conditions. However, excessive nFe(3)O(4) (3.0 g L(-1)) partially overlapped on Pd/Fe nanoparticles to obstruct their contact with 2,4-DCP, and then 2,4-DCP removal efficiency was dropped to 7.4%. Efficiencies of dechlorination and phenol formations were increased significantly when the amount of Pd increased, whereas the highest 2,4-DCP removal efficiency was observed 98.2% at 0.20 wt% Pd loading. Moreover, SO(4)(2-) would also inhibit the dechlorination while Cu(2+), Ni(2+) and Fe(2+) enhanced the dechlorination of 2,4-DCP by Pd/FeFe(3)O(4) nanocomposites. The nanocomposites showed stable catalytic activity, fairly good mechanic stability, and promising to recycle during the process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Shams Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Xiaoshu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002713:Chlorine; D010165:Palladium; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol