title: Low-level laser therapy for treatment of pain associated with orthodontic elastomeric separator placement: a placebo-controlled randomized double-blind clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of irradiation with a low-level laser therapy (LLLT), wavelength 830 nm, for treating pain inherent to tooth movement caused by orthodontic devices, simulated by positioning interdental elastomeric separators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty orthodontic patients were randomly assigned to two groups: GA (ages 12-25 years; mean 17.1 years) was the control, and GB (ages 12-26 years; mean 17.9 years) the intervention group. All patients received elastomeric separators on the mesial and distal surfaces of one of the lower first molars, and immediately after insertion of the separators received irradiation as randomly indicated. The intervention group (GB) received irradiation with LLLT (aluminum gallium arsenide diode), by a single spot in the region of the radicular apex at a dose of 2 J/cm(2) and application along the radicular axis of the buccal surface with three spots of 1 J/cm(2) (wavelength 830 nm; infrared). Control group (GA) received irradiation with a placebo light in the same way. This was a double-blind study. All the patients received a questionnaire to be filled out at home describing their levels of pain 2, 6, and 24 h and 3 and 5 days after orthodontic separator placement, in situations of relaxed and occluded mouth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients in the intervention group (LLLT) had lower mean pain scores in all the measures. The incidence of complete absence of pain (score=0) was significantly higher the intervention group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on this study, authors concluded that single irradiation with LLLT of wavelength 830 nm efficiently controlled the pain originating from positioning interdental elastomeric separators, to reproduce the painful sensation experienced by patients when fixed orthodontic devices are used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil. celestino@ortegeo.com.br
authors.forename: Celestino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nóbrega
authors.forename: Edina Mariko Koga
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Cristiane Rufino
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: de Macedo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D020724:Elastomers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020724:Elastomers