title: Effects of short-term dietary nitrate supplementation on blood pressure, O2 uptake kinetics, and muscle and cognitive function in older adults.
abstract: Dietary nitrate (NO(3)(-)) supplementation has been shown to reduce resting blood pressure and alter the physiological response to exercise in young adults. We investigated whether these effects might also be evident in older adults. In a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 12 healthy, older (60-70 yr) adults supplemented their diet for 3 days with either nitrate-rich concentrated beetroot juice (BR; 2 × 70 ml/day, ∼9.6 mmol/day NO(3)(-)) or a nitrate-depleted beetroot juice placebo (PL; 2 × 70 ml/day, ∼0.01 mmol/day NO(3)(-)). Before and after the intervention periods, resting blood pressure and plasma [nitrite] were measured, and subjects completed a battery of physiological and cognitive tests. Nitrate supplementation significantly increased plasma [nitrite] and reduced resting systolic (BR: 115 ± 9 vs. PL: 120 ± 6 mmHg; P < 0.05) and diastolic (BR: 70 ± 5 vs. PL: 73 ± 5 mmHg; P < 0.05) blood pressure. Nitrate supplementation resulted in a speeding of the Vo(2) mean response time (BR: 25 ± 7 vs. PL: 28 ± 7 s; P < 0.05) in the transition from standing rest to treadmill walking, although in contrast to our hypothesis, the O(2) cost of exercise remained unchanged. Functional capacity (6-min walk test), the muscle metabolic response to low-intensity exercise, brain metabolite concentrations, and cognitive function were also not altered. Dietary nitrate supplementation reduced resting blood pressure and improved Vo(2) kinetics during treadmill walking in healthy older adults but did not improve walking or cognitive performance. These results may have implications for the enhancement of cardiovascular health in older age.
authors.affiliation: Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, Univ. of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fulford
authors.forename: Anni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanhatalo
authors.forename: Jamie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Winyard
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D027461:Beta vulgaris; D001628:Beverages; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004739:England; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009566:Nitrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D010725:Phosphocreatine