title: Predictors of 1-month and 1-year neurocognitive functioning from the UCLA longitudinal mild, uncomplicated, pediatric traumatic brain injury study.
abstract: Although more severe brain injuries have long been associated with persisting neurocognitive deficits, an increasing body of literature has shown that children/adolescents with single, uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) do not exhibit long-lasting neurocognitive impairments. Nonetheless, clinical experience and our previous report (Babikian, 2011) showed that a minority of children/adolescents exhibit persistent cognitive problems using performance based measures following what appear to be relatively mild injuries. Predictors of poor neurocognitive outcomes were evaluated in 76 mTBI and 79 Other Injury subjects to determine the relative contributions of indices of injury severity, clinical symptomatology, demographic factors, and premorbid functioning in predicting 1-month and 12-month neurocognitive impairment on computerized or paper and pencil measures. Injury severity indicators or type of injury (head vs. other body part) did not predict either 1-month or 12-month cognitive impairment status. Rather, premorbid variables that antedated the injury (parental education, premorbid behavior and/or learning problems, and school achievement) predicted cognitive impairments. When post-injury neurocognitive impairments are observed in survivors of mild injuries (head or other body part), a sound understanding of their etiology is critical in designing appropriate intervention plans. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. tbabikian@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Talin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Babikian
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Asarnow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010372:Pediatrics; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors