title: Transmission of Ebola virus from pigs to non-human primates.
abstract: Ebola viruses (EBOV) cause often fatal hemorrhagic fever in several species of simian primates including human. While fruit bats are considered natural reservoir, involvement of other species in EBOV transmission is unclear. In 2009, Reston-EBOV was the first EBOV detected in swine with indicated transmission to humans. In-contact transmission of Zaire-EBOV (ZEBOV) between pigs was demonstrated experimentally. Here we show ZEBOV transmission from pigs to cynomolgus macaques without direct contact. Interestingly, transmission between macaques in similar housing conditions was never observed. Piglets inoculated oro-nasally with ZEBOV were transferred to the room housing macaques in an open inaccessible cage system. All macaques became infected. Infectious virus was detected in oro-nasal swabs of piglets, and in blood, swabs, and tissues of macaques. This is the first report of experimental interspecies virus transmission, with the macaques also used as a human surrogate. Our finding may influence prevention and control measures during EBOV outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington St. Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3M4, Canada. hana.weingartl@inspection.gc.ca
authors.forename: Hana M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Weingartl
authors.forename: Carissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Embury-Hyatt
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nfon
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kobinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D018419:Primate Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral