title: The prevalence and overlap of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men: results of the RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology male study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As part of the RICE (RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology) study, we developed validated case definitions to identify interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in women and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men. Using population based screening methods, we applied these case definitions to determine the prevalence of these conditions in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 6,072 households were contacted by telephone to screen for men who had symptoms of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome or chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. An initial 296 men screened positive, of whom 149 met the inclusionary criteria and completed the telephone interview. For interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome 2 case definitions were applied (1 with high sensitivity and 1 with high specificity), while for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome a single case definition (with high sensitivity and specificity) was used. These case definitions were used to classify subjects into groups based on diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome weighted prevalence estimates for the high sensitivity and high specificity definitions were 4.2% (3.1-5.3) and 1.9% (1.1-2.7), respectively. The chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome weighted prevalence estimate was 1.8% (0.9-2.7). These values equate to 1,986,972 (95% CI 966,042-2,996,924) men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and 2,107,727 (95% CI 1,240,485-2,974,969) men with the high specificity definition of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in the United States. The overlap between men who met the high specificity interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome case definition or the chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome case definition was 17%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome are widespread among men in the United States. The prevalence of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome symptoms in men approaches that in women, suggesting that this condition may be underdiagnosed in the male population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Suskind
authors.forename: Sandra H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Brett A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Marika J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Suttorp
authors.forename: J Quentin
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Clemens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult