title: Metabolic engineering of morphinan alkaloids by over-expression of codeinone reductase in transgenic hairy roots of Papaver bracteatum, the Iranian poppy.
abstract: Papaver bracteatum has a high content of thebaine. It is used as an alternative to P. somniferum for the production of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid. Papaver bracteatum was genetically engineered to over-express codeinone reductase gene in hairy root cultures. Transcript level of the codeinone reductase gene in transgenic hairy root lines increased up to ten- and 24-fold in comparison with hairy roots without CodR over-expression and wild type roots, respectively. Codeine was produced at (0.04 % dry wt) and morphine was at (0.28 % dry wt) in the transgenic hairy root lines. Papaver bracteatum hairy roots expressing CodR gene thus have a high potential to produce morphinan alkaloids.
authors.affiliation: Plant Biotechnology Group, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, Km 15, Tehran-Karaj Highway, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharafi
authors.forename: Haleh Hashemi
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Sohi
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.forename: Pejman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Azadi
authors.forename: Bahman Hosseini
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Khalifani
authors.forename: Khadijeh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Razavi
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003061:Codeine / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D060847:Metabolic Engineering; D009019:Morphinans / Q000378:metabolism*; D009020:Morphine / Q000378:metabolism; D064430:NAD (+) and NADP (+) Dependent Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D010207:Papaver / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified
chemical_list: D009019:Morphinans; D009020:Morphine; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D064430:NAD (+) and NADP (+) Dependent Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C096678:codeinone reductase (NADPH); D003061:Codeine