title: Elevated levels of serum S100B is associated with the presence and outcome of haemorrhagic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum S100B was suggested to be elevated after brain damage in previous studies. Nowadays, increasing evidence has revealed S100B was also elevated in other tissue traumas outside the brain such as bone fracture and acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the level of serum S100B is associated with haemorrhagic shock (HS), as well as multiple organ failure (MOF) and mortality in patients with HS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 314 patients who had multiple trauma and 132 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of S100B were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay during the first 24 hours after injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of serum S100B were significantly elevated in multiple trauma patients with HS compared with those without HS and healthy controls. HS patients with MOF had significantly elevated levels of serum S100B compared with those without MOF. Furthermore, non-surviving patients with HS showed significantly higher levels of serum S100B when compared with the survivors. Simple linear regression analysis shows that the serum levels of S100B were positively correlated with PaO2, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score. Only the SOFA score remained significantly associated with serum S100B after multiple stepwise regression analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated levels of serum S100B could be considered as an independent predicting marker of the presence and outcome of HS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Sujie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Baisong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human