title: Predictors of high score patient-reported barriers to controlling cancer pain: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pain is one of the most common and devastating symptoms in cancer patients, and misunderstandings on the patient's part can cause major obstacles in pain management.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated factors associated with patient's high barrier score to managing cancer-associated pain by having 201 patients complete the Korean Barriers Questionnaire II, the Brief Pain Inventory--Korean, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30, and the Korean Beck Depression Inventory. The Pain Management Index (PMI) was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were from nine oncology clinics in university hospitals and a veterans' hospital in South Korea. The median pain score (0-10 scale) was 4, with a median percentage of pain improvement during the last 24 h of 70 %. A total of 150 patients (75 %) received strong opioids, and 177 (88 %) achieved adequate analgesia (positive PMI). Mean scores ± SD for the Barriers Questionnaire II ranged from 1.5 ± 1 to 2.8 ± 1.1, with the harmful effects subscale the highest. In the multiple regression model, depression was significantly associated with total barrier score to pain management (p < 0.0001). Pain reduction was significantly associated with the fatalism subscale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression was associated with high barrier score in patients with cancer pain. Management of cancer pain should include screening for depression, and management of depression could reduce patient-reported barriers to pain management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: Jung-Ae
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Keon Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Hun Ho
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Keehyun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dae Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Ho Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae Ro
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyo Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joo Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Geundoo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Hyeong Su
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruera
mesh_terms: D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000523:psychology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires