title: Physiology of transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life.
abstract: The transition from fetus to newborn is the most complex adaptation that occurs in human experience. Lung adaptation requires coordinated clearance of fetal lung fluid, surfactant secretion, and onset of consistent breathing. The cardiovascular response requires striking changes in blood flow, pressures, and pulmonary vasodilation. Energy metabolism and thermoregulation must be quickly controlled. The primary mediators that prepare the fetus for birth and support the multiorgan transition are cortisol and catecholamine. Abnormalities in adaptation are frequently found following preterm birth or cesarean delivery at term, and many of these infants need delivery room resuscitation to assist in this transition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML#7029, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
authors.forename: Noah H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.forename: Suhas G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kallapur
authors.forename: Alan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Jobe
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000502:physiology; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D006854:Hydrocortisone