title: Psychological well-being and family satisfaction levels five years after being confirmed as a carrier of the Machado-Joseph disease mutation.
abstract: The present study on long-term outcome of presymptomatic testing for Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) aimed to evaluate the psychological well-being and the familial satisfaction of subjects that 5 years prior received an unfavorable result in the predictive testing (PT). The study included 47 testees of Azorean origin (23 from the island of Flores and 24 from S. Miguel) that completed the fourth evaluation session of the MJD protocol, and undertook a neurological examination at the moment of participation in the study. Nearly 50% of testees were symptomatic at the time of the study. Psychological well-being of the 47 participants was evaluated using the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB). The family satisfaction scale by adjectives was applied to obtain information on family dynamics. The average PGWB score of the total participants was of 73.3, a value indicative of psychological well-being. Nearly half of the testees presented scores indicating psychological well-being, whereas scores indicating moderate (28.9%) or severe (23.7%) stress were found in the remaining. The average score in the PGWB scale was lower in symptomatic than in asymptomatic subjects; moreover, the distinct distribution of the well-being categories seen in the two groups shows an impact of the appearance of first symptoms on the psychological state. Motives for undertaking the test, provided 5 years prior, failed to show an impact in well-being. The average score for familial satisfaction was of 134, a value compatible with high familial satisfaction, which represented the most frequent category (59.6%). Results demonstrate that well-being and family satisfaction need to be monitored in confirmed carriers of the MJD mutation. The inclusion of acceptance studies, after PT, as well as the development of acceptance training actions, should be of major importance to anticipate the possibility of psychological damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Hospital Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Elisabete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Nadiya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kazachkova
authors.forename: Conceição
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bettencourt
authors.forename: Mafalda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raposo
authors.forename: Teresa Taylor
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001394:Azores; D004522:Educational Status; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D017827:Machado-Joseph Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055815:Young Adult