title: Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and microscopy of microalgae with nitrogen depletion.
abstract: Microalgae are extensively researched as potential feedstocks for biofuel production. Energy-rich compounds in microalgae, such as lipids, require efficient characterization techniques to investigate the metabolic pathways and the environmental factors influencing their accumulation. The model green alga Coccomyxa accumulates significant amounts of triacylglycerols (TAGs) under nitrogen depletion (N-depletion). To monitor the growth of TAGs (lipid) in microalgal cells, a study of microalgal cells (Coccomyxa sp. C169) using both spontaneous Raman and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy and microscopy were carried out. Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy was conducted to analyze the components in the algal cells, while CARS was carried out to monitor the distribution of lipid droplets in the cells. Raman signals of carotenoid are greater in control microalgae compared to N-depleted cells. Raman signals of lipid droplets appear after N-depletion and its distribution can be clearly observed in the CARS microscopy. Both spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and CARS microscopy were found to be suitable analysis tools for microalgae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0511,  USA.
authors.forename: X N
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baldacchini
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lu