title: Evasion of influenza A viruses from innate and adaptive immune responses.
abstract: The influenza A virus is one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in humans. Upon infection with an influenza A virus, both innate and adaptive immune responses are induced. Here we discuss various strategies used by influenza A viruses to evade innate immune responses and recognition by components of the humoral and cellular immune response, which consequently may result in reduced clearing of the virus and virus-infected cells. Finally, we discuss how the current knowledge about immune evasion can be used to improve influenza A vaccination strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, ErasmusMC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. c.vandesandt@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Carolien E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: van de Sandt
authors.forename: Joost H C M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kreijtz
authors.forename: Guus F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rimmelzwaan
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary