title: Asian Dust Particles Induce TGF-β(1) via Reactive Oxygen Species in Bronchial Epithelial Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asian dust storms can be transported across eastern Asia. In vitro, Asian dust particle-induced inflammation and enhancement of the allergic reaction have been observed. However, the fibrotic effects of Asian dust particles are not clear. Production of transforming growth factor β(1) (TGF-β(1)) and fibronectin were investigated in the bronchial epithelial cells after exposure to Asian dust particulate matter (AD-PM10).
  
  
  METHODS
  During Asian dust storm periods, air samples were collected. The bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to AD-PM10 with and without the antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Then TGF-β(1) and fibronectin were detected by Western blotting. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by the measurement of dicholorodihydrofluorescin (DCF), using a FACScan, and visualized by a confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of TGF-β(1), fibronectin and ROS was high after being exposed to AD-PM10, compared to the control. NAC attenuated both TGF-β(1) and fibronectin expression in the AD-PM10-exposed the bronchial epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AD-PM10 may have fibrotic potential in the bronchial epithelial cells and the possible mechanism is AD-PM10-induced intracellular ROS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kyung
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Yu Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Pyo
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong-Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeong