title: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency is associated with cardiometabolic risk in Korean adolescents: the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D insufficiency is known to be related to cardiometabolic disorders; however, the associations among serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents have not yet been clearly delineated. For this reason, we investigated the relationship among serum 25(OH)D concentration and metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors among Korean adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional analysis and used hierarchical multivariate logistic regression analysis models to adjust for confounding variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the data gathered during the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Our subjects included 1504 Korean adolescents aged 12-18 years who participated in the KNHANES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin D insufficiency, defined as 25(OH)D concentration <50 nmol/l, was found in 75·3% of Korean adolescents and was associated with an increased risk of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference and BMI were the most closely correlated cardiometabolic components of metabolic syndrome according to serum 25(OH)D status, but no significant relationship was found between serum 25(OH)D concentration and insulin resistance or for the risks for high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, reduced HDL-cholesterol or hypertriacylglycerolaemia, with or without adjustment for confounding variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low serum 25(OH)D concentration appears to be associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors and an increased risk of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ga Eun
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Do Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biostatistics, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biostatistics, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Do
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Mee
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D