title: Interleukin-11, an interleukin-6-like cytokine, is a promising predictor             for bladder cancer prognosis.
abstract: Numerous studies have suggested that interleukin 11 (IL-11) has roles in human gastric, prostate and bone cancer and endometrial carcinoma. Hence, we evaluated the expression of IL-11 in bladder cancer and the correlation of IL-11 levels and clinico-pathological features. The expression of IL-11 in primary human bladder cell culture, human bladder cancer cell lines, transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and non-cancerous bladder tissues (NATs) were analyzed by western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for urinary IL-11 was performed to compare the IL-11 levels in healthy subjects and subjects diagnosed with bladder cancer. Our study suggested that the expression of IL-11 in human bladder cancer cell lines and TCC was downregulated compared with primary human bladder cell culture and matched NATs. We also demonstrated reduced urinary levels of IL-11 in subjects with bladder cancer compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, we revealed that the levels of IL-11 were associated with tumor grade and stage. The results suggested that reduced levels of IL-11 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of TCC. They also indicated that IL-11 may be a promising predictor for prognosis of TCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong                     Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Nanjing, P.R.                     China.
authors.forename: Deyao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017370:Interleukin-11