title: Adversity and syndemic production among men participating in the multicenter AIDS cohort study: a life-course approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested a theory of syndemic production among men who have sex with men (MSM) using data from a large cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 1551 men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study enrolled at 4 study sites: Baltimore, Maryland-Washington, DC; Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles, California; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants who attended semiannual visits from April 1, 2008, to March 31, 2009, completed an additional survey that captured data about events throughout their life course thought to be related to syndemic production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using multivariate analysis, we found that the majority of life-course predictor variables (e.g., victimization, internalized homophobia) were significantly associated with both the syndemic condition and the component psychosocial health outcomes (depressive symptoms, stress, stimulant use, sexual compulsivity, intimate partner violence). A nested negative binomial analysis showed that the overall life course significantly explained variability in the syndemic outcomes (χ(2) = 247.94; P < .001; df = 22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified life-course events and conditions related to syndemic production that may help to inform innovative interventions that will effectively disentangle interconnecting health problems and promote health among MSM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. alh75@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Herrick
authors.forename: Sin How
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Plankey
authors.forename: Joan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chmiel
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Guadamuz
authors.forename: Thomas T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Guadamuz
authors.forename: Uyen
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shoptaw
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrico
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ostrow
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019548:Crime Victims; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D063509:Homophobia; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D057228:Masculinity; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012923:Social Class; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D055815:Young Adult