title: Environmental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination in pig herds in relation to the productive phase and application of cleaning and disinfection.
abstract: The aim of the study is to better understand MRSA environmental contamination in pig holdings in relation to the productive phase and the application of environmental cleaning and disinfection practices (C&D). This study was carried out on six herds. Dust samples from farrowing crates, weaning boxes, growing and finishing pens were collected from each herd environment prior to and after C&D and cultured for MRSA. Ten samples were collected at the end of each productive phase with the animals present and 10 additional samples were collected after C&D, prior to introduction of a new stock. The proportion of positive samples prior to C&D was lower in fattening than in other phases. The proportion of positive samples prior to and after C&D was 121/240 (50%) and 46/240 (19%) respectively. In the mixed effects logistic regression analysis it was shown not only that both productive phase and C&D were associated with the probability of having a positive sample but also that the C&D effect was different in the different productive phases. In particular the effect of C&D was stronger in farrowing crates than in the other productive phases. The results of this study show that, although current practices of cleaning and disinfection reduce MRSA environmental contamination, they are likely to be inadequate to the elimination of the microorganism. However, a strict application of hygienic protocols can lead to a marked reduction of MRSA environmental contamination.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Italy. giuseppe.merialdi@izsler.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merialdi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galletti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guazzetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosignoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alborali
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Battisti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonilauri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rugna
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martelli
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology*