title: βCCT, an antagonist selective for α(1)GABA(A) receptors, reverses diazepam withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats.
abstract: The abrupt discontinuation of prolonged benzodiazepine treatment elicits a withdrawal syndrome with increased anxiety as a major symptom. The neural mechanisms underlying benzodiazepine physical dependence are still insufficiently understood. Flumazenil, the non-selective antagonist of the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A) receptors was capable of preventing and reversing the increased anxiety during benzodiazepine withdrawal in animals and humans in some, but not all studies. On the other hand, a number of data suggest that GABA(A) receptors containing α(1) subunits are critically involved in processes developing during prolonged use of benzodiazepines, such are tolerance to sedative effects, liability to physical dependence and addiction. Hence, we investigated in the elevated plus maze the level of anxiety 24 h following 21 days of diazepam treatment and the influence of flumazenil or a preferential α(1)-subunit selective antagonist βCCt on diazepam withdrawal syndrome in rats. Abrupt cessation of protracted once-daily intraperitoneal administration of 2 mg/kg diazepam induced a withdrawal syndrome, measured by increased anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze 24 h after treatment cessation. Acute challenge with either flumazenil (10mg/kg) or βCCt (1.25, 5 and 20 mg/kg) alleviated the diazepam withdrawal-induced anxiety. Moreover, both antagonists induced an anxiolytic-like response close, though not identical, to that seen with acute administration of diazepam. These findings imply that the mechanism by which antagonism at GABA(A) receptors may reverse the withdrawal-induced anxiety involves the α(1) subunit and prompt further studies aimed at linking the changes in behavior with possible adaptive changes in subunit expression and function of GABA(A) receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jovana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Divljaković
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milić
authors.forename: Ojas A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Namjoshi
authors.forename: Veera V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Tiruveedhula
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Timić
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Miroslav M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Savić
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002243:Carbolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000009:adverse effects; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000494:pharmacology; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D002243:Carbolines; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D005442:Flumazenil; C043232:tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate; D003975:Diazepam