title: Outcome of patent ductus arteriosus ligation in premature infants in the East of England: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus is considered when medical treatment fails or is contraindicated. This study aims to determine the mortality and morbidity of preterm neonates referred for patent ductus arteriosus ligation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted in the East of England to follow the outcome of premature infants under 37 weeks’ gestation undergoing patent ductus arteriosus ligation. A standardised proforma was used to collect information before and after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 102 premature infants were recruited, and patent ductus arteriosus ligation was performed in 92. Surgical complications occurred in 8.7% (8/92), which included pneumothorax (5/8), recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (2/8), and chylothorax (1/8). Morbidity outcome data were not available for all infants. The incidence of chronic lung disease was 88% (88/99); intraventricular haemorrhage was 49% (49/100); necrotising enterocolitis 39% (39/99), and retinopathy of prematurity 42% (41/97). The overall mortality rate in our study was 7.8% (8/102). Mortality rate in infants who had patent ductus arteriosus ligation was 4.3% (4/92). The 30-day survival rate after ligation was 99% (91/92). Beyond 30 days post-ligation, three infants died from other causes that were not directly related to surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patent ductus arteriosus ligation in premature infants is associated with low mortality and complication rates; however, there is a high incidence of neonatal morbidity. Surgical capacity for patent ductus arteriosus ligation needs to be carefully planned nationally as the duration of ‘‘waiting time’’ and transport to another surgical centre could adversely affect outcomes in this high-risk population.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Sok-Leng
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Salehuddin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samsudin
authors.forename: Minju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuruvilla
authors.forename: Anshoo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhelaria
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: Wilfred A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kelsall
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000150:complications; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D002916:Chylothorax / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D004739:England; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008026:Ligation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000150:complications; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors