title: Cost-effectiveness models of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: variability and impact of modeling assumptions.
abstract: Currently, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV); and ten-valent PCV vaccine are marketed. Neither vaccine obtained regulatory approval based on efficacy trials, but instead were approved based on a surrogate end point: immunogenicity data measuring effective antibody levels. Therefore, direct measures of efficacy were unavailable at the time economic analyses were conducted. The authors systematically reviewed cost-effectiveness studies of ten-valent PCV and 13-valent PCV from the literature to analyze the methodologies and compare the assumptions made about vaccine effectiveness. The following three inputs were found the most variant across analyses: efficacy against acute otitis media; inclusion of indirect effects; and cross protection. These assumptions are discussed with regard to the validity of supporting data and implications on decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Inc., 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA. rfarkouh@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Raymond A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Farkouh
authors.forename: Rogier M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Klok
authors.forename: Maarten J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Postma
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Strutton
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D056738:Cross Protection; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: C538863:10-valent pneumococcal vaccine; C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines