title: Aflatoxins B and g contamination and aflatoxigenic fungi in nutmeg.
abstract: This study examined the distribution of aflatoxigenic fungi in 25 imported Indonesian nutmeg samples contaminated with aflatoxins Bs or Bs and Gs. The incidence of aflatoxigenic fungi in the samples contaminated with high levels of aflatoxin was significantly higher than that in the samples with low levels of the toxins(r=0.752). The aflatoxin production of isolates from the samples in cultures of YES broth was examined by means of TLC and HPLC analyses. The ability of isolates to produce aflatoxins did not necessarily correlate with the contamination levels of aflatoxin in the samples. We isolated aflatoxins B and G-producing fungi from 3 samples contaminated with the high levels of aflatoxins B and G. The aflatoxigenic isolates were identified as Aspergillus nomius and A. bombycis based on morphological characters, growth rates at 37°C and 42°C and also molecular-genetic methods. Our results indicate that these two species are mainly responsible for aflatoxin G contamination in nutmeg products.
authors.affiliation: Mycotoxin Research Association: Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Tsuneyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohzu
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ose
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotsuka
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumeda
authors.forename: Nobuya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masakatsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichinoe
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis*; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D026323:Myristica / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D016604:Aflatoxin B1