title: The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on t10, c12-conjugated linoleic acid-induced changes in fatty acid composition of mouse liver, adipose, and muscle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concomitant supplementation of 1.5% docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3; DHA) with 0.5% t10, c12-conjugated linoleic acid (18:2 n-6; CLA) prevented the CLA-induced increase in expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and the decrease in expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. The effect of CLA on fatty acid compositions of adipose tissue and muscle and whether DHA can prevent those CLA-induced changes in fatty acid composition is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated if DHA fed concomitantly with CLA for 4 weeks will prevent the CLA-induced changes in fatty acid compositions of liver, adipose, and muscle lipids in C57BL/6N female mice. We also examined changes in expression of adipose tissue genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, oxidation, uptake, and lipolysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CLA supplementation increased liver fat and decreased total n-3 polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) concentration. DHA not only prevented the CLA-induced changes in liver fat, but also increased n-3 PUFA by >350% as compared with the control group. CLA decreased adipose weight and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, oxidation, and uptake and increased that of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). Supplementing DHA along with CLA increased adipose n-3 PUFA by >1000% compared with control group, but did not prevent the CLA-induced changes in mass or gene expression. Both CLA and DHA were incorporated into muscle lipids, but had minor effects on fatty acid composition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver, adipose tissue, and muscle responded differently to CLA and DHA supplementation. DHA prevented CLA-induced increase in liver fat but not loss of adipose mass.
authors.affiliation: Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fedor
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adkins
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: Darshan S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kelley
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D019787:Linoleic Acid