title: Preparation of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles coated with gallic acid for drug delivery.
abstract: METHODS
  Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared using a sonochemical method under atmospheric conditions at a Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ molar ratio of 1:2. The iron oxide nanoparticles were subsequently coated with chitosan and gallic acid to produce a core-shell structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the magnetic nanoparticles were pure Fe₃O₄ with a cubic inverse spinel structure. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were of spherical shape with a mean diameter of 11 nm, compared with 13 nm for the iron oxide-chitosan-gallic acid (FCG) nanocarriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The magnetic nanocarrier enhanced the thermal stability of the drug, gallic acid. Release of the active drug from the FCG nanocarrier was found to occur in a controlled manner. The gallic acid and FCG nanoparticles were not toxic in a normal human fibroblast (3T3) line, and anticancer activity was higher in HT29 than MCF7 cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Dena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dorniani
authors.forename: Mohd Zobir Bin
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: Aminu Umar
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Kura
authors.forename: Sharida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fakurazi
authors.forename: Abdul Halim
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Shaari
authors.forename: Zalinah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000633:toxicity; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008422:Materials Testing; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D013010:Sonication
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D053769:Nanocapsules; D005707:Gallic Acid