title: Management of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia: improving timeliness of care using a clinical pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common reason for neonates to present to the emergency department (ED). Although clinical practice guidelines provide recommendations for evaluation and therapy, few studies have evaluated ways to apply them effectively in the ED setting. The primary objective of this study was to compare time to phototherapy in neonates presenting to the ED with jaundice before and after implementation of a nursing-initiated clinical pathway. Secondary outcomes included time to bilirubin result and ED length of stay in neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective historical control study comparing neonates presenting to the ED with jaundice during 9-month periods before and after initiation of the pathway. Charts were abstracted for times of assessment and treatment and final disposition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred neonates were included in this study: 149 before and 151 after pathway implementation. Median time to phototherapy (historical control: 128 minutes vs postintervention group: 52 minutes; P < .001), median time to bilirubin result (157 vs 99; P < .001), and median ED length of stay (268 minutes vs 195 minutes; P < .001) were shorter for neonates treated after the implementation of the clinical pathway. No complications were reported during the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After implementation of a clinical pathway for the management of neonates with jaundice in the ED, we observed a reduction in time to phototherapy, time to bilirubin measurement, and overall length of stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. wolffm@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Dana Aronson
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schinasi
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavelle
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boorstein
authors.forename: Joseph John
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zorc
mesh_terms: D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D019091:Critical Pathways; D061345:Early Medical Intervention; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007567:Jaundice, Neonatal / Q000097:blood / Q000451:nursing*; D007647:Kernicterus / Q000097:blood / Q000451:nursing; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010360:Patient Transfer; D010789:Phototherapy; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D014218:Triage
chemical_list: D001663:Bilirubin