title: Using rewards-based incentives to increase purchase of fruit and vegetables in lower-income households: design and start-up of a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the design and baseline results of a rewards-based incentive to promote purchase of fruit and vegetables by lower-income households.
  
  
  METHODS
  A four-phase randomized trial with wait-listed controls. In a pilot study, despite inadequate study coupon use, purchases of fresh fruit (but not vegetables) increased, but with little maintenance. In the present study, credits on the study store gift card replace paper coupons and a tapering phase is added. The primary outcome is the number of servings of fresh and frozen fruit and vegetables purchased per week.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large full-service supermarket located in a predominantly minority community in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight households, with at least one child living in the home.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the baseline period, households purchased an average of 3·7 servings of fresh vegetables and an average of less than 1 serving of frozen vegetables per week. Households purchased an average of 1·9 servings of fresh fruit per week, with little to no frozen fruit purchases. Overall, the range of fresh and frozen produce purchased during this pre-intervention period was limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At baseline, produce purchases were small and of limited variety. The study will contribute to understanding the impact of financial incentives on increasing the purchases of healthier foods by lower-income populations.
authors.affiliation: Center for Urban Health Policy and Research, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA. phippst@einstein.edu
authors.forename: Etienne J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Phipps
authors.forename: Samantha L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Shana D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Stites
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uplinger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brook Singletary
authors.forename: Lacy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Axelrod
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glanz
authors.forename: Leonard E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Braitman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010414:Pennsylvania; D015143:Philadelphia; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011203:Poverty; D012107:Research Design; D012201:Reward; D014675:Vegetables