title: Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation exerts acute and chronic effects on renal hemodynamics in swine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the acute and chronic effects of catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on renal hemodynamics assessed by average peak velocity (APV), renal blood flow (RBF), renal flow reserve (RFR) and resistive index (RI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Sympathetic overdrive is accompanied by impaired RBF, whereas there is no data on the effects of transcatheter RSD on renal hemodynamic balance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and post-RSD (acutely and after 1 month), in 9 farm swines we measured APV by a 0.014-inch Doppler flow wire placed in the stem of the renal artery under baseline and hyperemic conditions, induced by intrarenal dopamine (50 μg/kg). RFR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to basal peak velocity, and RI was estimated as (peak systolic velocity-end-diastolic velocity)/peak systolic velocity. RSD was achieved via the lumen of the main renal artery with a specifically designed catheter connected to a radiofrequency generator according to prespecified algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  APV and RBF increased acutely post ablation in all animals, compared to APV and RBF before ablation (61.44 ± 32.6 vs 20.44 ± 6.38 cm/s, p<0.001 and 407.4 ± 335.1 vs 161.1 ± 76.6 ml/min, p=0.003; respectively), whereas RFR and RI were reduced (1.51 ± 0.59 vs 2.85 ± 1.33, p<0.001 and 0.67 ± 0.07 vs 0.74 ± 0.07, p=0.005; respectively). One month post ablation APV and RBF compared to APV and RBF before ablation remained significantly higher whereas RFR and RI remained lower as compared to baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Catheter-based RSD exerts acute and chronic effects on renal hemodynamics in a large animal model. If confirmed in humans RBF parameters may be used as direct markers of successful RSD.
authors.affiliation: First Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: ktsioufis@hippocratio.gr.
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsioufis
authors.forename: Vasilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papademetriou
authors.forename: Kyriakos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dimitriadis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsiachris
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomopoulos
authors.forename: Euljoon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Cary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papalois
authors.forename: Christodoulos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome