title: Involvement of FoxM1 in non-small cell lung cancer recurrence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Predictive biomarkers for lung cancer recurrence after curative tumor resection remain unclear. This study set out to assess the role of FoxM1 in the recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry for FoxM1 expression was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 165 NSCLC patients. Association of FoxM1 expression with clinicopathological parameters and disease free survival were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicated FoxM1 expression to be significantly associated with poorer tissue differentiation (P =0.03), higher TNM stage (P <0.01), lymph node metastasis (P <0.01), advanced tumor stage (P <0.01), and poorer disease free survival (P <0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that FoxM1 expression increased the hazard of recurrence (hazard ratio= 1.96, 95% CI, 1.04-3.17, P <0.05), indicating that FoxM1 is an independent and significant predictor of lung cancer recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, FoxM1 is an independent risk factor for recurrence of NSCLC. Elevated FoxM1 expression could be used as an indicator of poor disease free survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Nuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Sheng-Di
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-Xue
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C107585:FOXM1 protein, human; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors