title: Effects of gold nanoparticles on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the effects of the gold nanoparticle in endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: saline + saline, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + saline, LPS + prednisolone, LPS + gold salt (GS) and LPS + gold nanoparticle (GNP). Two hours after LPS administration, prednisolone acetate 1%, GS, and GNP were topically applied to both eyes of rats and repeated every 6 hours for 24 hours. After 24 hours, rats were anesthetized and aqueous humor was sampled and the irides were removed. Aqueous humor TNF-α, myeloperoxidase activity were determined. Irides oxidative damage and content of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of LPS-induced eye inflammatory response characterized by an increase in aqueous humor TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, and by irides oxidative damage. All these parameters were decreased by the administration of GNP. Since the inflammatory response secondary to LPS administration depends, in part, to the activation of the TLR4-NF-κB pathway we demonstrated here that a potential mechanism to explain the GNP effects was the decrease on TLR4 content and NF-κB activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that topical GNP decreases intraocular inflammation and oxidative damage by interfering in the TLR4-NF-κB pathway.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: David Valter
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Fabricia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petronilho
authors.forename: Hilda Regina Silveira Benevides
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Francieli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vuolo
authors.forename: Francieli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mina
authors.forename: Jonathan Correa
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Possato
authors.forename: Marcelo Fontana
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Vitto
authors.forename: Daniela Roxo
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Marcos Marques
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: da Silva Paula
authors.forename: Claudio Teodoro
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal-Pizzol
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D017612:Gold Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007498:Iris / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D017612:Gold Compounds; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495347:Tlr4 protein, rat; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C044101:endotoxin, Escherichia coli; D011239:Prednisolone; D009195:Peroxidase