title: [Effect of extracts from Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, and Ligusticum chuanxiong on vascular smooth muscle cells of aging and hypertension rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe and compare the effects of aging and hypertension on rats' aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the effects of the extracts from Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng and Ligusticum chuanxiong.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rat aortic VSMCs model was established using the method of primary cell culture. Of them, the rats of the aging experiment were divided into 5 groups, i.e., the young control group (as Yon), the old group (as Old), the old + probucol group (as Old+Pro), the old +low dose extracts group (as Old+Pro), and the old+high dose extracts group (as Old+High). The rats of the hypertension experiment were divided into 5 groups, i.e., the Wistar-Kyoto control group (as WKY), the spontaneously hypertensive rat group (as SHR), the SHR +Valsartan group (as SHR+Val), the SHR+low dose extracts group (as SHR+Low), and the SHR+high dose extracts group (SHR+High). The proliferation of VSMCs was detected using MTT. The expression of MMP-9 was detected by immunocytochemical assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the Yon group, the proliferation of VSMCs and the MMP-9 expression increased, the mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR-gamma decreased in the Old group, all showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the Old group, the proliferation of VSMCs and the MMP-9 expression obviously decreased, the mRNA expression of PPAR-gamma obviously increased in the Old+Pro group, the Old+High group, and the Old+Low group (all P < 0.05). The PPAR-y protein expression obviously increased in the Old+Pro group and the Old+Low group (P < 0.05). Compared with the WKY group, the proliferation of VSMCs and the expression of MMP-9 obviously increased, the mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR-gamma obviously decreased in the SHR group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the SHR group, the proliferation of VSMCs and the expression of MMP-9 obviously decreased, the mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR-gamma obviously increased in the SHR+Val group, the SHR+High group, and the SHR + Low group (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both aging and hypertension could result in excessive proliferation of rat aortic VSMCs and the expression changes of correlated cytoactive factors. The extracts from Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng (Burk.) and Ligusticum chuanxiong can lower their proliferation levels and reduce the expressions of negative cytokines, thus reducing aging and hypertension induced injury of VSMCs and delaying angiocellular aging.
authors.affiliation: Medical Experiment Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing. leiy999@163.com
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Li-li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Guo-li
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D030004:Ligusticum; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D005894:Panax; D053723:Panax notoginseng; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C572337:Mmp9 protein, rat