title: Scientific inbreeding and same-team replication: type D personality as an example.
abstract: Replication is essential for validating correct results, sorting out false-positive early discoveries, and improving the accuracy and precision of estimated effects. However, some types of seemingly successful replication may foster a spurious notion of increased credibility, if they are performed by the same team and propagate or extend the same errors made by the original discoveries. Besides same-team replication, replication by other teams may also succumb to inbreeding, if it cannot fiercely maintain its independence. These patterns include obedient replication and obliged replication. I discuss these replication patterns in the context of associations and effects in the psychological sciences, drawing from the criticism of Coyne and de Voogd of the proposed association between type D personality and cardiovascular mortality and other empirical examples.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. jioannid@stanford.edu
authors.forename: John P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ioannidis
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D010551:Personality; D015203:Reproducibility of Results