title: Changes in church-based social support relationships during older adulthood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To track the course of age-related changes in emotional and tangible support given and received by older adults in the context of their religious congregations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hierarchical linear modeling was applied to data from a national sample of 1,192 White and African American older adults who attended church regularly, and they were interviewed up to four times over a period of seven years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes were found in six measures of support. Participants increased in terms of the amount of emotional support that they both gave and received, whereas decreased in the amount of tangible support they gave and received. Satisfaction increased with age for both emotional and tangible support. There were large race-related differences, with African Americans being more engaged in support relationships of all types. Religious factors, including frequency of attendance, commitment, and the congregational cohesiveness were strong predictors of between-person differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to demonstrate within-person change in church-based support relationships during the course of older adulthood. Patterns of increasing quantity and quality of emotional ties, but decreasing tangible support, partially contrast with previous findings regarding secular support networks but are consistent with the socioemotional selectivity perspective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA. rdhaywar@umich.edu
authors.forename: R David
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krause
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D033303:Protestantism / Q000523:psychology*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000208:ethnology*; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology; D001741:Black or African American