title: Recent advances in the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of selective DYRK1A inhibitors: a new avenue for a disease modifying treatment of Alzheimer's?
abstract: With 24.3 million people affected in 2005 and an estimated rise to 42.3 million in 2020, dementia is currently a leading unmet medical need and costly burden on public health. Seventy percent of these cases have been attributed to Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative pathology whose most evident symptom is a progressive decline in cognitive functions. Dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase-1A (DYRK1A) is important in neuronal development and plays a variety of functional roles within the adult central nervous system. The DYRK1A gene is located within the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) on human chromosome 21 and current research suggests that overexpression of DYRK1A may be a significant factor leading to cognitive deficits in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS). Currently, treatment options for cognitive deficiencies associated with Down syndrome, as well as Alzheimer's disease, are extremely limited and represent a major unmet therapeutic need. Small molecule inhibition of DYRK1A activity in the brain may provide an avenue for pharmaceutical intervention of mental impairment associated with AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. We herein review the current state of the art in the development of DYRK1A inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States; BIO5 Oro Valley, the University of Arizona, 1580 East Hanley Boulevard, Oro Valley, Arizona 85737, United States.
authors.forename: Breland
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Medda
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gokhale
authors.forename: Travis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dunckley
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hulme
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002243:Carbolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003374:Coumarins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D002243:Carbolines; D002392:Catechin; D003374:Coumarins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D016875:tau Proteins; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases; C543211:1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone; C030123:coumarin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate