title: Psychiatric comorbidity in refractory focal epilepsy: a study of 490 patients.
abstract: We studied the prevalence and associated factors of psychiatric comorbidities in 490 patients with refractory focal epilepsy. Of these, 198 (40.4%) patients had psychiatric comorbidity. An Axis I diagnosis was made in 154 patients (31.4%) and an Axis II diagnosis (personality disorder) in another 44 (8.97%) patients. After logistic regression, positive family history of psychiatric comorbidities (O.R.=1.98; 95% CI=1.10-3.58; p=0.023), the presence of Axis II psychiatric comorbidities (O.R.=3.25; 95% CI=1.70-6.22; p<0.0001), and the epileptogenic zone located in mesial temporal lobe structures (O.R.=1.94; 95% CI=1.25-3.03; p=0.003) remained associated with Axis I psychiatric comorbidities. We concluded that a combination of clinical variables and selected structural abnormalities of the central nervous system contributes to the development of psychiatric comorbidities in patients with focal epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dalmagro
authors.forename: Tonicarlo R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Marino M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bianchin
authors.forename: Ana Paula P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guarnieri
authors.forename: Maria P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cescato
authors.forename: Carlos G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Carlotti
authors.forename: João A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Assirati
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Antonio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Jaime E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hallak
authors.forename: Américo C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult