title: Medication problems are frequent and often serious in a Danish emergency department and may be discovered by clinical pharmacists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transferring a patient from one health-care sector to another implies a risk of medication errors. It is of interest to evaluate whether a specialist in clinical pharmacy is beneficial for the patients in the emergency departments (ED). The aim of the present study was to report the incidence, categories and seriousness of medication problems discovered by clinical pharmacists in an ED and to evaluate if it is possible for pharmacists to identify those groups of patients who are most at risk of medication problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pharmacist reviewed the patient files in the ED. If the pharmacists provided any kind of recommendations, a note was made describing the problem and a suggestion for a solution. After the study period, two medical specialists reviewed the files and rated the suggestions according to four levels of importance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,696 patient files were reviewed after excluding patients who had received no medication. A total of 420 pharmacist notes were written, corresponding to 25% of all the included admissions. 47% of the pharmaceutical suggestions were considered serious. Increasing age and one drug as opposed to 2-9 drugs were associated with serious recommendations. In the multivariate analysis, only age above 70 years remained of significance for the identification of patients with a risk of a serious medication problem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A considerable amount of serious pharmaceutical problems were found in the ED. These problems had not been observed by the physicians and they were especially prevalent among the elderly and patients who were only prescribed a single drug.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The Amgros research foundation financed salaries for the independent specialists who reviewed the patient files.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  not relevant.
authors.affiliation: Akutafdelingen, Kolding Sygehus, Skovvangen, Kolding, Denmark. christian.backer.mogensen@shs.regionsyddanmark.dk
authors.forename: Christian Backer
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Mogensen
authors.forename: Anette Rehn
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Thisted
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003718:Denmark; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000145:classification / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054539:Medication Therapy Management / Q000592:standards*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000592:standards*; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D019338:Polypharmacy; D011361:Professional Competence; D024382:Professional Role; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D000078329:Workforce