title: Transcriptome characterization and gene expression of Epinephelus spp in endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathway during betanodavirus infection in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Grouper (Epinephelus spp) is an economically important fish species worldwide. However, viral pathogens such as nervous necrosis virus (NNV) have been causing severe infections in the fish, resulting in great loss in the grouper aquaculture industry. Yet, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of NNV is still inadequate, mainly due to insufficient genomic information of the host.
  
  
  RESULTS
  De novo assembly of grouper transcriptome in the grouper kidney (GK) cells was conducted by using short read sequencing technology of Solexa/Illumina. A sum of 66,582 unigenes with mean length of 603 bp were obtained, and were annotated according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG). In addition, the tag-based digital gene expression (DGE) system was used to investigate the gene expression and pathways associated with NNV infection in GK cells. The analysis revealed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response was prominently affected in NNV-infected GK cells. A further analysis revealed an interaction between the NNV capsid protein and the ER chaperone immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein (BiP). Furthermore, exogenous expression of NNV capsid protein was able to induce XBP-1 mRNA splicing in vivo, suggesting a role of the capsid protein in the NNV-induced ER stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data presents valuable genetic information for Epinephelus spp., which will benefit future study in this non-model but economically important species. The DGE profile of ER stress response in NNV-infected cells provides information of many important components associated with the protein processing in ER. Specifically, we showed that the viral capsid protein might play an important role in the ER stress response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan. mingwei@ntou.edu.tw
authors.forename: Ming-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Fang-Huar
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Ngou
authors.forename: Yung-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Yu-Shen
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Nai-Yu
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fan-Yao
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Pinwen P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Chiou
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030381:Nodaviridae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D029941:Fish Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger