title: Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cell-like cells from healthy and inflamed gingival tissue: potential use for clinical therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postnatal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells have previously been isolated and ex vivo-expanded from healthy gingival tissues. The aim of this research was to isolate and characterize MSC-like cells from inflamed gingival tissues and determine whether they retain the characteristics of MSC-like cells from healthy gingival tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen clonal lines of MSC-like cells from three healthy gingival tissues (GMSC-H) and fifteen from three inflamed gingival tissues (GMSC-I) were generated. Bulk-cultured cell lines from healthy and inflamed gingival tissues were also established. In vitro and in vivo characterization studies of GMSC-Is were performed relative to GMSC-Hs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of clonogenic colony forming units-fibroblast was comparable between healthy and inflamed gingival tissues. GMSC-H and GMSC-I clones expressed MSC-associated markers CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166. While the population doubling capacity of GMSC-Is was reduced compared with GMSC-Hs, both populations displayed a similar capacity to undergo osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Following subcutaneous implantation in NOD/SCID mice, both GMSC-Hs and GMSC-Is formed dense connective tissue-like structures in vivo resembling natural gingival tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSC-like populations exist within inflamed gingival tissue that are functionally equivalent to MSC-like cells derived from healthy gingival tissue. Given the relative abundance of inflamed gingival tissue and ease of accessibility, MSC-like cells from inflamed gingival tissues represent a newly identified population of postnatal stem cells with immense potential in tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine of Shandong Province, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Krzysztof Marek
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mrozik
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menicanin
authors.forename: Stan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gronthos
authors.forename: P Mark
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bartold
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008875:Middle Aged; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation