title: Identification and virulence of Chryseobacterium indologenes isolated from diseased yellow perch (Perca flavescens).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify pathogen of diseased yellow perch and determine their virulence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen Gram-negative bacterial isolates were recovered from the skin lesions of diseased yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Based on API 20NE test, ten isolates were found to share 67.2-99.9% homologies with Chryseobactertium indologenes. Based on fatty acid methyl ester analysis, 13 isolates were found to share similarities with C. indologenes and other species of Chryseobacterium. Based on sequencing results of partial 16S rRNA gene, 13 isolates shared 99% identities (e value = 2e-50) with the 16S rRNA sequence of C. indologenes (GenBank HQ259684). Based on the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) sequence, the 13 isolates shared 88% identity (e value = 1e-165) with the 16S-23S ISR sequence of C. indologenes (GenBank EU014570). T-coffee multiple sequence alignment revealed that the partial 16S rRNA or the 16S-23S ISR sequence of the 13 isolates shared 100% identity with each other. When healthy yellow perch were exposed to the 15 isolates by bath immersion (c. 6 × 10(7) CFU ml(-1) for 1 h), only C. indologenes isolates killed 10-20% of fish, whereas other isolates were avirulent. When yellow perch were exposed to C. indologenes by intraperitoneal injection, mortality was dose dependent, with LD(50) and LD(95) values of 1.5 × 10(8) and 3.2 × 10(8) CFU per fish, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chryseobactertium indologenes could be pathogenic to yellow perch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on the isolation of C. indologenes from diseased yellow perch. Virulence studies suggested that C. indologenes could become pathogenic to yellow perch.
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Auburn, AL 36832, USA. julia.pridgeon@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pridgeon
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Klesius
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045247:Chryseobacterium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D045826:Flavobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D010471:Perches / Q000382:microbiology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S