title: Association of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein genetic polymorphisms levels with venous thromboembolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been reported in patients with venous thromboembolisms (VTE). However, prospective studies did not confirm an association between IL-6, CRP and their polymorphism with the risk of VTE.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty patients (including 66 males and 74 females, mean age (55.55 ± 17.11) years) and one hundred and sixty controls (including 74 males and 86 females, mean age (56.58 ± 12.24) years) were involved. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used for detecting the serum levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and CRP in both groups. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for analyzing the distribution of polymorphisms at the -572C/G and -597G/A sites of the promoter of the IL-6 gene and at 1059G/C of the CRP gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of IL-6 and CRP were significantly higher in the VTE group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The frequencies of -572C/G promoter polymorphisms CC, CG, and GG in the IL-6 gene were found to be 34%, 48%, and 18%, respectively, and the derived allele frequencies for the C and G alleles were 58% and 42%. There was a significant difference in the -572C/G promoter polymorphisms between the VTE group and control group (P < 0.05). For the -597G/A polymorphism, individuals all carried the GG and GA type; AA genotypes were not detected. The frequency of the GG, GC, and CC genotypes at the CRP1059G/C promoter was 87.57%, 7.86% and 3.57% in VTE group, while 86.25%, 10%, and 3.75% in control group, respectively. The frequency of G and C alleles at CRP 1059G/C was 91.43% and 8.57% in VTE group and 91.56% and 8.44% in the control group. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference of 1059G/C genotype and mutation frequency of the allele between the VTE group and control group (P > 0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed CC homozygotes of the IL-6 -572G/C, body mass index (BMI), and CRP, IL-6, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were independent risk factors for VTE (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that VTE was associated with IL-6 and CRP levels, and there was an association of IL-6 and its promoter polymorphism at -572G/C with the risk of VTE. Thus far, a causal relationship between inflammation and VTE remains to be clarified and more prospective data are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Ailiman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahemuti
authors.forename: Kailibinuer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abudureheman
authors.forename: Xiaimuxikamaier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Aihemaiti
authors.forename: Xue-mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yu-ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Bao-peng
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Halmurat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Upur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein