title: Morphology of fetal vocal fold and associated structures.
abstract: This study is the first detailed qualitative morphologic description of the vocal fold and its associated structures (false vocal fold, larynx ventricle, epithelium, mucous glands, blood vessels, and vocal ligament) of a human fetus aged 25 weeks. In addition, a quantitative analysis of thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle fiber orientation is presented to investigate similarities with adult TA. Histologic cross sections from the vocal fold and the anterior, middle, and posterior regions of the TA muscle were examined bilaterally, and both qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the vocal fold and most of the associated structures are completely established in the studied sample.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Deivis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Campos
authors.forename: Joel Henrique
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ellwanger
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: da Costa Rosa
authors.forename: Iuri Pereira
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Raquel Oliveira
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Corbellini
authors.forename: Rafael Henrique
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hoelscher
authors.forename: Pamela Brambilla
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Bagatini
authors.forename: Geraldo Pereira
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Jotz
authors.forename: Léder Leal
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Xavier
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000196:embryology; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000196:embryology*