title: Symptoms in heart failure correlate poorly with objective haemodynamic parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Even though heart failure (HF) is a very common condition, surprisingly little is known regarding association between patient's symptoms and objective data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate for any correlations between haemodynamic, echocardiographic and laboratory data of presenting symptoms in HF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a retrospective analysis of the limited access dataset from the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) trial provided by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Symptoms including dyspnoea, orthopnoea, fatigue and gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort were graded by their severity from minimal (0) to maximal (3) on admission, at discharge, at 3 months and at 6 months from the admission. Results of Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHF) score and assigned New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class were available at the same time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 433 patients with decompensated HF and decreased systolic function (ejection fraction < 30%) were included in this trial. Orthopnoea, dyspnoea and fatigue had weak correlation with invasive pulmonary artery systolic and diastolic pressure and negative correlation with serum creatinine, albumin, sodium, total bilirubin, haemoglobin and haematocrit; fatigue showed positive correlation to pulmonary artery pressures. Abdominal discomfort had no correlation to symptoms. There was no correlation of symptoms, NYHA class, or MLHF scores with age, gender, peak VO(2) on cardiopulmonary stress test, body mass index, either right or left ventricular systolic function, B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiac output or cardiac index, troponin level, velocity of tricuspid regurgitation and multiple other factors predicting morbidity and mortality in HF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the correlation between symptoms and objective parameters was weak. Because of low magnitude of relationship between symptoms to objective parameters, it was concluded that there are likely other factors determining the perception of symptoms in HF patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606, USA. mguglin@gmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guglin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Darbinyan
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers