title: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Pediatrics Formulation Initiative: proceedings from the Second Workshop on Pediatric Formulations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) organized a workshop held in November 2011 to address knowledge gaps that limit the availability of adequate pediatric formulations. This workshop was used as a means to identify the types of research innovations needed and to stimulate research efforts designed to improve the availability of pediatric formulations and the technologies required to make these formulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information for this article was gathered from the proceedings of the Second US PFI Workshop sponsored by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Bethesda, Maryland, on November 1 and 2, 2011, as well as from post-workshop discussions. The workshop preparation began with formation of 4 working groups: Biopharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), New Technology and Drug Delivery Systems, and Taste and Flavor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The recommendations of the 4 working groups will form the basis for the development of a blueprint to guide future research efforts. The pediatric-specific problems identified include the heterogeneity of the population, the small size of the pediatric drug market, the limited number of new formulations for the large number of off-patent and unlabeled drugs, and the lack of universal agreement on how to define appropriate formulations for different ages and stages of development. There was consensus on the need to develop a universal technology platform for flexible pediatric dosage forms, transforming an empirical process into a science-based platform. A number of problems affect the availability of drugs in the developing world. Age-appropriate solid oral pediatric medicines for common diseases can have a global impact. Success on a global scale depends on the commitment of policy makers, regulators, scientists, pharmaceutical companies, sponsors, government, and research foundations to address gaps in knowledge and solve public health issues related to the availability of formulations in the developing world.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Solutions to the worldwide lack of appropriate pediatric formulations will require the development of a road map and the commitment of policy makers, regulators, scientists, pharmaceutical sponsors, academic institutions, governments, and research foundations. The development of a universal, cost-effective platform using existing or developing innovative technology that produces flexible pediatric dosage forms remains an important but elusive goal.
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Giacoia
authors.forename: Perdita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taylor-Zapata
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zajicek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D000367:Age Factors; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D054582:National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U.S.); D010372:Pediatrics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000600:supply & distribution; D013649:Taste; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014481:United States; D015975:Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic
chemical_list: D004304:Dosage Forms; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations