title: Ethyl acetate extraction from a Chinese herbal formula, Jiedu Xiaozheng             Yin, inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via induction             of G0/G1 phase arrest in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: Jiedu Xiaozheng Yin (JXY), a polyherbal formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used to treat various kinds of cancer in China. However, the mechanism of its anticancer activity has yet to be elucidated. Air-dried herbs were extracted with reagents of different polarity. HepG2 cells were treated with different doses of ethyl acetate extract (EE-JXY) and chloroform extract (CE-JXY) for 24 h. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Colony formation ability was also evaluated. Cell cycle was evaluated by FACS. Tumor bearing BALB/c nude mice was treated with EE-JXY (0.06 g/kg) for 20 days. Tumor volume and weight were monitored. The percentage of PCNA-positive cells and the level of G1 phase proteins [cyclin-dependent kinase2 (CDK2), cyclin‑dependent kinase4 (CDK4), cyclin D and cyclin E and G2 phase proteins [cyclin-dependent kinase1 (CDK1), cyclin A and cyclin B] were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. EE-JXY and CE-JXY dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells (P<0.01 for both). Furthermore, EE-JXY inhibited the formation of cell colonies and blocked the cell cycle to G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01 for all). EE-JXY showed an obviously antitumor effect in vivo (P<0.05). Further investigation showed that EE-JXY decreased the proliferation index of tumors (P<0.01) through increasing the expression of G1-related proteins (cyclin D and cyclin E, P<0.05 and P<0.01). These results suggested that JXY inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells at least via arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase.
authors.affiliation: Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zhengrong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xuzheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jinyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Liangpu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Zhizhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lianming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C007650:ethyl acetate