title: Ad libitum fluid intake does not prevent dehydration in suboptimally hydrated young soccer players during a training session of a summer camp.
abstract: There is a lack of studies concerning hydration status of young athletes exercising in the heat.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess preexercise hydration status in young soccer players during a summer sports camp and to evaluate body- water balance after soccer training sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial hydration status was assessed in 107 young male soccer players (age 11-16 yr) during the 2nd day of the camp. Seventy-two athletes agreed to be monitored during 2 more training sessions (3rd and 5th days of the camp) to calculate dehydration via changes in body weight, while water drinking was allowed ad libitum. Hydration status was assessed via urine specific gravity (USG), urine color, and changes in total body weight. Mean environmental temperature and humidity were 27.2 ± 2 °C and 57% ± 9%, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to USG values, 95 of 107 of the players were hypohydrated (USG ≥ 1.020) before practice. The prevalence of dehydration observed was maintained on both days, with 95.8% and 97.2% of the players being dehydrated after the training sessions on the 3rd and 5th days, respectively. Despite fluid availability, 54 of the 66 (81.8%) dehydrated players reduced their body weight (-0.35 ± 0.04 kg) as a response to training, while 74.6% (47 out of the 63) further reduced their body weight (-0.22 ± 0.03 kg) after training on the 5th day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately 90% of the young soccer players who began exercising under warm weather conditions were hypohydrated, while drinking ad libitum during practice did not prevent further dehydration in already dehydrated players.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Giannis
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arnaoutis
authors.forename: Stavros A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kavouras
authors.forename: Yiannis P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Kotsis
authors.forename: Yiannis E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Tsekouras
authors.forename: Michalis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makrillos
authors.forename: Costas N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Bardis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D003681:Dehydration / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D013048:Specimen Handling; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology