title: Src kinase is a direct target of apigenin against UVB-induced skin inflammation.
abstract: Apigenin, a flavonoid abundant in various vegetables and fruits, including parsley and onions, has been reported to possess anticarcinogenic effects. However, the direct molecular target of apigenin and its chemopreventive effect on ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin inflammation are not understood fully. Herein, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of apigenin and its associated mechanisms in JB6 P+ cell line and SKH-1 hairless mouse model. Apigenin inhibited UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, which is a well-known key mediator of inflammation and cancer, and restored the upstream stimulatory factor level in JB6 P+ cells. Immunoblot and kinase assay data demonstrate that Src activity was attenuated by apigenin, and this led to subsequent inhibition of UVB-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt signaling. Inhibitory effects of apigenin on UVB-induced signaling were also confirmed in HaCaT human keratinocytes. In addition, in vitro pull-down assays revealed that apigenin binds Src in an adenosine triphosphate-competitive manner. Results using in vivo skin model indicate apigenin significantly inhibits UVB-induced ear edema development, COX-2 expression and Src kinase activity in SKH-1 hairless mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that apigenin exerts potent chemopreventive activity against UVB-induced skin inflammation primarily by targeting Src.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, WCU Biomodulation Major, Seoul National University,  Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sanguine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Jiman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eunjung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Semi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jae Gak
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Seung Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hanyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Ki Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyong Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047310:Apigenin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D008156:Luciferases; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C541485:EGFR protein, mouse; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases