title: Increased adenosine A1 receptor levels in hemianopia patients after cerebral injury: an application of PET using 11C-8-dicyclopropylmethyl-1-methyl-3-propylxanthine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to apply positron emission tomography (PET) with C-8-dicyclopropylmethyl-1-methyl-3-propylxanthine (MPDX), a radioligand for adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), to patients with hemianopia caused by brain injury to study neurorepair mechanisms in the brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients with homonymous hemianopia and 15 healthy subjects were examined using PET to measure cerebral glucose metabolism, C-flumazenil (FMZ) binding to the central benzodiazepine receptor, and MPDX binding to A1R. Left and right regions of interest (ROIs) were selected, and semiquantitative data on the 3 kinds of PET examinations were obtained. The ROIs were referenced using the data for homologous regions in the contralateral hemisphere [ipsilateral/contralateral (I/C) ratio].
  
  
  RESULTS
  The I/C ratios for cerebral glucose metabolism and FMZ binding were low in the primary visual cortex (PVC) and visual association cortex in all the patients, whereas MPDX binding increased in the PVC in patients 1 and 2. Patients 1 and 2 experienced improvement in their visual field after 1 year. However, the other 2 patients showed no changes. We observed an increase in MPDX binding to A1R in the injured portion of the PVC in the patients who recovered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of A1R by MPDX-PET may be useful for predicting prognosis and understanding the compensatory and reorganization processes in hemianopia caused by organic brain damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan. suzuki@f8.dion.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yukihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nariai
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyosawa
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Kiich
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishiwata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006423:Hemianopsia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011379:Prognosis; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C451639:1-methyl-8-dicyclopropylmethyl-1-methyl-3-propylxanthine; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; D014970:Xanthines; D005442:Flumazenil; D005947:Glucose