title: Intervertebral disc degeneration in the dog. Part 1: Anatomy and physiology of the intervertebral disc and characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration.
abstract: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is common in dogs and can give rise to a number of diseases, such as IVD herniation, cervical spondylomyelopathy, and degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. Although there have been many reports and reviews on the clinical aspects of canine IVD disease, few reports have discussed and reviewed the process of IVD degeneration. In this first part of a two-part review, the anatomy, physiology, histopathology, and biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of the healthy and degenerated IVD are described. In Part 2, the aspects of IVD degeneration in chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic dog breeds are discussed in depth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. N.Bergknut@uu.nl
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bergknut
authors.forename: Lucas A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Smolders
authors.forename: Guy C M
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Grinwis
authors.forename: Ragnvi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hagman
authors.forename: Anne-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lagerstedt
authors.forename: Herman A W
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hazewinkel
authors.forename: Marianna A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tryfonidou
authors.forename: Björn P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Meij
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*