title: 15-F₂t isoprostane as biomarker of oxidative stress induced by tobacco smoke and occupational exposure to formaldehyde in workers of plastic laminates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Formaldehyde (FA) is a suspected human carcinogen capable of inducing oxidative stress through different metabolic ways. FA may originate from tobacco smoke, several environmental sources, as well as occupational sources, like furnishing industries specialized in the production of pressed-wood and laminate products.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to investigate the role of tobacco smoke and occupational exposure to air-FA in the induction of oxidative stress status by comparing FA-exposed with non-exposed subjects who smoked or did not.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enrollment of 105 subjects was made in an industry of plastic laminates, including both workers directly exposed to FA and non-exposed office personnel, as control group. 15-F(2t) isoprostane (15-F(2t) IsoP), detected by ELISA technique and urinary cotinine, detected by GC-MS, were used for evaluating oxidative stress and tobacco smoke exposure, respectively. Air-FA levels were detected by GC-MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FA concentrations were significantly higher in subjects occupationally exposed than the controls. Smoking habits and air-FA exposures independently induce the formation of 15-F(2t) IsoP and increase the oxidative stress level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show, for the first time, that 15-F(2t) IsoP presents a dependency from both the smoking habit and air-FA exposures, and consequently, that these breathable pollutants could be considered as two important independent risk factors in increasing the oxidative stress in human beings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy. valeria.romanazzi@unito.it
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Romanazzi
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pirro
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bellisario
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mengozzi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peluso
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pazzi
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bugiani
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verlato
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bono
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000592:standards*; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000652:urine*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008420:Manufactured Materials; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers; D028421:Isoprostanes; D005557:Formaldehyde; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost; D003367:Cotinine