title: Expression profiles of mitochondrial genes in the frontal cortex and the caudate nucleus of developing humans and mice selectively bred for high and low fear.
abstract: A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial function may be important in brain development and psychiatric disorders. However, detailed expression profiles of those genes in human brain development and fear-related behavior remain unclear. Using microarray data available from the public domain and the Gene Ontology analysis, we identified the genes and the functional categories associated with chronological age in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the caudate nucleus (CN) of psychiatrically normal humans ranging in age from birth to 50 years. Among those, we found that a substantial number of genes in the PFC (115) and the CN (117) are associated with the GO term: mitochondrion (FDR qv <0.05). A greater number of the genes in the PFC (91%) than the genes in the CN (62%) showed a linear increase in expression during postnatal development. Using quantitative PCR, we validated the developmental expression pattern of four genes including monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), NADH dehydrogenase flavoprotein (NDUFV1), mitochondrial uncoupling protein 5 (SLC25A14) and tubulin beta-3 chain (TUBB3). In mice, overall developmental expression pattern of MAOB, SLC25A14 and TUBB3 in the PFC were comparable to the pattern observed in humans (p<0.05). However, mice selectively bred for high fear did not exhibit normal developmental changes of MAOB and TUBB3. These findings suggest that the genes associated with mitochondrial function in the PFC play a significant role in brain development and fear-related behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America. kwang.choi@usuhs.edu
authors.forename: Kwang H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Thien
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coyner
authors.forename: Brandon W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Higgs
authors.forename: Suad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diglisic
authors.forename: Luke R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Benedek
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ursano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005239:Fear; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult