title: Epigallocatechin gallate acts synergistically in combination with cisplatin and designed trans-palladiums in ovarian cancer cells.
abstract: In this study, synergism in activity from the sequenced combinations of three trans-palladiums (denoted as TH5, TH6 and TH7) with green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), as well as that with cisplatin, was investigated in a number of human ovarian tumour models as a function of sequence of administration. Cellular accumulation of platinum and palladium, and the levels of platinum-DNA and palladium-DNA binding were also determined for the 0/4 h and 0/0 h sequences of administration. The results of the study show that co-administration of cisplatin with EGCG (0/0 h) produces weak synergism in both cisplatin-sensitive (A2780) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780(cisR)) cell lines whereas (0/4 h) administration produces pronounced synergism in both. In contrast, bolus administration of EGCG with TH5, TH6 and TH7 produces marked antagonism except that with TH5, in the A2780(cisR) cell line, where a mild synergism is observed. In the case of TH5, TH6 and TH7, administration of drugs with a time gap (0/4 h or 4/0 h combinations) produces sequence-dependent synergism in both A2780 and A2780(cisR) cell lines, whereas in the case of cisplatin, marked antagonism is observed with the 4/0 h sequence of administration in the A2780 cell line. Whereas the highly synergistic 0/4 h sequence of combination of cisplatin with EGCG is found to be associated with pronounced cellular accumulation of platinum and a high level of platinum-DNA binding, no such clear trend can be seen for any of the combinations of TH5, TH6 and TH7 with EGCG. The results of the present study provide support to the idea that sequenced combinations of platinum drugs and tumour-active palladium compounds with selected phytochemicals such as EGCG may provide a means of overcoming drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Biomedical Science, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus C42, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia.
authors.forename: Mohammed Ehsanul Hoque
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mazumder
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jun Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Fazlul
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huq
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000032:analysis; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms; D010165:Palladium / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018736:DNA Adducts; D010165:Palladium; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D002945:Cisplatin