title: Travel and transplantation:  travel-related diseases in transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Travel-related diseases may be seen in transplant recipients after travel, after transplant tourism, and via transmission from blood and organ donors, augmented by recent increases in travel, migration, and globalization. Such infections include tuberculosis, Plasmodium (malaria), Babesia, Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease), Strongyloides, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Leishmania, Brucella, HTLV, dengue, among numerous others.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Review of cohorts of transplant recipients show that they tend to have minimal or suboptimal preparation prior to travel, with limited pretravel vaccination, medications, and education, which poses a greatly increased risk of travel-related infections and complications. The epidemiology of such travel-related infections in transplant recipients, along with methods for prevention, including vaccines, chemoprophylaxis, and education may help SOT recipients avoid travel-related infections, and are discussed in this review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimizing the understanding of the risk of tropical, geographically restricted, and other unusual or unexpected, travel-related infections will enhance the safety of vulnerable transplant recipients from potentially life-threatening infections.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ckotton@partners.org
authors.forename: Camille N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Kotton
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D057193:Medical Tourism; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014019:Tissue Donors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D014612:Vaccines; D014765:Viral Vaccines