title: A sprayable luminescent pH sensor and its use for wound imaging in vivo.
abstract: Non-invasive luminescence imaging is of great interest for studying biological parameters in wound healing, tumors and other biomedical fields. Recently, we developed the first method for 2D luminescence imaging of pH in vivo on humans, and a novel method for one-stop-shop visualization of oxygen and pH using the RGB read-out of digital cameras. Both methods make use of semitransparent sensor foils. Here, we describe a sprayable ratiometric luminescent pH sensor, which combines properties of both these methods. Additionally, a major advantage is that the sensor spray is applicable to very uneven tissue surfaces due to its consistency. A digital RGB image of the spray on tissue is taken. The signal of the pH indicator (fluorescein isothiocyanate) is stored in the green channel (G), while that of the reference dye [ruthenium(II)-tris-(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)] is stored in the red channel (R). Images are processed by rationing luminescence intensities (G/R) to result in pseudocolor pH maps of tissues, e.g. wounds.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreml
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Katharina T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Weiß
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cattani
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Flittner
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gehmert
authors.forename: Otto S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Wolfbeis
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landthaler
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Babilas
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D002138:Calibration; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D049449:Luminescence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010618:Phenanthrolines; D012428:Ruthenium; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D010618:Phenanthrolines; D012428:Ruthenium; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D010100:Oxygen; C025205:1,10-phenanthroline