title: Circumferential calcified tracheal stenosis.
abstract: There are multiple etiologies for tracheal stenosis, postintubation stenosis being the most common. In this study, we briefly report a unique form of tracheal stenosis with circumferential calcification at the site of the lesion. The patient underwent multiple therapeutic bronchoscopies for palliation without much relief.
authors.affiliation: *Trachea Disease Research Center †Air Pollution and Occupational Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Massih Daneshvary Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University Medical Science, Tehran, Iran ‡Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center §Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medcine, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jabbardarjani
authors.forename: Arda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiani
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arab
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Masjedi
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herth