title: The nature of confounding in genome-wide association studies.
abstract: The authors argue that population structure per se is not a problem in genome-wide association studies - the true sources are the environment and the genetic background, and the latter is greatly underappreciated. They conclude that mixed models effectively address this issue.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. bvilhjal@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Bjarni J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Vilhjálmsson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nordborg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans