title: Alterations of global gastrointestinal motility after sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in gastrointestinal motility.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  SG is a widely used bariatric operation leading to weight loss and early improvement of patient's metabolic profile. Current data indicate faster postoperative gastric emptying, but detailed studies on alterations in small bowel motility are missing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 21 morbidly obese patients who underwent laparoscopic SG before and 4 months after the procedure. After consumption of a semisolid radiolabeled meal, their gastric and intestinal transit times were studied with a gamma camera. Particularly the times of 10% gastric emptying, 50% gastric emptying, maximal intestinal filling, 10% terminal ileum filling, duodenal to terminal ileum transit, cecal filling initiation, and ileocecal valve transit (T ICVt) were studied pre- and postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten percent gastric emptying and 50% gastric emptying were decreased postoperatively as well as maximal intestinal filling, indicating faster gastric emptying and intestinal filling. Duodenal to terminal ileum transit and 10% terminal ileum filling also decreased as small bowel transit time accelerated and the meal reached the terminal ileum more rapidly. Contrary opening of the ileocecal valve and food transit through it were delayed, with postoperative increase in cecal filling initiation and T ICVt, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SG accelerates gastric emptying and small bowel transit of semisolids. In addition, it delays the initiation of cecal filling and T ICVt. This early and prolonged contact of food with the distal small bowel mucosa may explain the metabolic effects of SG occurring before substantial weight loss.
authors.affiliation: *Bariatric Unit, Department of Surgical Oncology †Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heraklion University Hospital ‡Faculty of Medicine, Medical Physics Department, University of Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melissas
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leventi
authors.forename: Ifigeneia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klinaki
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Perisinakis
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koukouraki
authors.forename: Eelco
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Bree
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karkavitsas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult