title: Bacteriophages as templates for manufacturing supramolecular structures.
abstract: SS phages are genetically enginnered by replacing 2 N-terminal amino acids of the p8 coat protein of the fd phage. AGE and zeta potential measurements show that SS phages carry at least 1/4 less net negative surface charge than fd phages. Morphology and thickness of phages are studied at different counterion concentrations (10(-3) , 10(-2) and 10(-1)  M) by AFM, SEM and immunofluorescence analyses. Bundles induced by CoCl2 and CaCl2 are either metallized by chemical reduction or biomineralized for apatite-like material formation. EDX spectroscopy confirms the presence of Co, P and Ca peaks in mineralized samples. Such bottom-up manufactured phage scaffolds might be applied in bioengineering studies.
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E 71, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany. n.korkmaz@kist-europe.de
authors.forename: Nuriye
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.forename: Young Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D057005:Bioengineering / Q000379:methods*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties; D019065:Virus Assembly / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C025668:coat protein, Bacteriophage M13; D003035:Cobalt; C018021:cobaltous chloride; D002122:Calcium Chloride