title: Prevalence of cone beam computed tomography imaging findings according to the clinical stage of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigations of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) imaging are rare. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of typical radiological findings of BRONJ in CBCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven CBCTs of BRONJ sites were assessed on the basis of the radiological findings (cancellous bone destruction, cortical bone erosion, sequestration, osteosclerosis, and periostal bone formation) and put in relation to the severity of the BRONJ sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancellous bone destruction and cortical bone erosion were the most common findings. Occurrence seems to decrease with decreasing BRONJ severity. Sequestration and osteosclerosis were less frequent and could be seen across all stages. Periosteal bone formation occurred in high-stage BRONJ only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cancellous bone destruction, cortical bone erosion, sequestration, and osteosclerosis can be seen across all stages and prevalence seems to decrease with decreasing severity of BRONJ. The occurrence of periosteal new bone formation seems to start in high-stage BRONJ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm and Academic Hospital Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. frank1wilde@bundeswehr.org
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wilde
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heufelder
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liese
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liese
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helmrich
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hemprich
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winter
mesh_terms: D059266:Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence