title: Is the Scale for Measuring Motivational Interviewing Skills a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the primary care professionals motivational skills?: EVEM study protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lifestyle is one of the main determinants of people's health. It is essential to find the most effective prevention strategies to be used to encourage behavioral changes in their patients. Many theories are available that explain change or adherence to specific health behaviors in subjects. In this sense the named Motivational Interviewing has increasingly gained relevance. Few well-validated instruments are available for measuring doctors' communication skills, and more specifically the Motivational Interviewing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hypothesis of this study is that the Scale for Measuring Motivational Interviewing Skills (EVEM questionnaire) is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the primary care professionals skills to get behavior change in patients. To test the hypothesis we have designed a prospective, observational, multi-center study to validate a measuring instrument. -
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two primary care centers in Spain. -Sampling and Size: a) face and consensual validity: A group composed of 15 experts in Motivational Interviewing. b) Assessment of the psychometric properties of the scale; 50 physician- patient encounters will be videoed; a total of 162 interviews will be conducted with six standardized patients, and another 200 interviews will be conducted with 50 real patients (n=362). Four physicians will be specially trained to assess 30 interviews randomly selected to test the scale reproducibility. -Measurements for to test the hypothesis: a) Face validity: development of a draft questionnaire based on a theoretical model, by using Delphi-type methodology with experts. b) Scale psychometric properties: intraobservers will evaluate video recorded interviews: content-scalability validity (Exploratory Factor Analysis), internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), intra-/inter-observer reliability (Kappa index, intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland & Altman methodology), generalizability, construct validity and sensitivity to change (Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The verification of the hypothesis that EVEM is a valid and reliable tool for assessing motivational interviewing would be a major breakthrough in the current theoretical and practical knowledge, as it could be used to assess if the providers put into practice a patient centered communication style and can be used both for training or researching purposes. TRIALS REGISTRATION Dislip-EM study: NCT01282190 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
authors.affiliation: Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. luisangel.perula@gmail.com
authors.forename: Luis Á
authors.initials: LÁ
authors.lastname: Pérula
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campiñez
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: Nieves
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barragán Brun
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Arboniés
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bóveda Fontán
authors.forename: Remedios
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martín Alvarez
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Prados
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martín-Rioboó
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Massons
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Criado
authors.forename: José Á
authors.initials: JÁ
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Parras
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Moral
authors.forename: Jesús M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Novo
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003142:Communication; D006801:Humans; D062405:Motivational Interviewing / Q000592:standards*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D058007:Physicians, Primary Care / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain