title: Post-thermocycling shear bond strength of a gingiva-colored indirect composite layering material to three implant framework materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate shear bond strength of a gingiva-colored indirect composite to three implant framework materials, before and after thermocycling, and verify the effect of surface pre-treatment for each framework.
  
  
  METHODS
  Commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti), American Dental Association (ADA) type 4 casting gold alloy (Type IV) and zirconia ceramics (Zirconia) were assessed. For each substrate, 96 disks were divided into six groups and primed with one of the following primers: Alloy Primer (ALP), Clearfil Photo Bond (CPB), Clearfil Photo Bond with Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (CPB+Activator), Estenia Opaque Primer (EOP), Metal Link (MLP) and V-Primer (VPR). The specimens were then bonded to a gingiva-colored indirect composite (Ceramage Concentrate GUM-D). Shear bond strengths were measured at 0 and 20 000 thermocycles and data were analyzed with the Steel-Dwass test and Mann-Whitney U-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shear bond strengths were significantly lower after thermocycling, with the exception of Type IV specimens primed with CPB (p = 0.092) or MLP (p = 0.112). For CP-Ti and Zirconia specimens, priming with CPB or CPB+Activator produced significantly higher bond strengths at 0 and 20 000 thermocycles, as compared with the other groups. For Type IV specimens, priming with ALP or MLP produced higher bond strengths at 0 and 20 000 thermocycles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shear bond strength of a gingiva-colored indirect composite to CP-Ti, gold alloy and zirconia ceramics was generally lower after thermocycling. Application of a hydrophobic phosphate monomer and polymerization initiator was effective in maintaining bond strength of CP-Ti and zirconia ceramics. Combined use of a thione monomer and phosphoric monomer enhanced the durable bond strength of gold alloy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. komine@dent.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Komine
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koizuka
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fushiki
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamio
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumura
mesh_terms: D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D005881:Gingiva; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials