title: Risk for late-life re-injury, dementia and death among individuals with traumatic brain injury: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association of self-reported traumatic brain injury (TBI) with loss of consciousness (LOC) with late-life re-injury, dementia diagnosis and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ongoing longitudinal population-based prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seattle-area integrated health system.
  
  
  METHODS
  4225 dementia-free individuals age 65 and older were randomly selected and enrolled between 1994 and 2010. Participants were seen every 2 years, with mean (range) follow-up of 7.4 (0-16) years. 606 (14%) participants reported a lifetime history of TBI with LOC at enrolment. 3466 participants provided information regarding lifetime history of TBI and completed at least one follow-up visit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported TBI with LOC after study entry, incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and all-cause mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 25 567 person-years of follow-up. History of TBI with LOC reported at study enrolment was associated with increased risk for TBI with LOC during follow-up, with adjusted HRs ranging from 2.54 (95% CI 1.42 to 4.52) for those reporting first injury before age 25 to 3.79 (95% CI 1.89 to 7.61) for those with first injury after age 55. History of TBI with LOC was not associated with elevated risk for developing dementia or AD. There was no association between baseline history of TBI with LOC and mortality, though TBI with LOC since the previous study visit ('recent TBI') was associated with increased mortality (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.78).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals aged 65 or older who reported a history of TBI with LOC at any time in their lives were at elevated risk of subsequent re-injury. Recent TBI with LOC sustained in older adulthood was associated with increased risk for mortality. Findings support the need for close clinical monitoring of older adults who sustain a TBI with LOC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1240, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. kristen.dams-o'connor@mountsinai.org
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dams-O'Connor
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McCurry
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Crane
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*