title: Posttranscriptional gene regulation by long noncoding RNA.
abstract: Eukaryotic cells transcribe a vast number of noncoding RNA species. Among them, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely implicated in the regulation of gene transcription. However, examples of posttranscriptional gene regulation by lncRNAs are emerging. Through extended base-pairing, lncRNAs can stabilize or promote the translation of target mRNAs, while partial base-pairing facilitates mRNA decay or inhibits target mRNA translation. In the absence of complementarity, lncRNAs can suppress precursor mRNA splicing and translation by acting as decoys of RNA-binding proteins or microRNAs and can compete for microRNA-mediated inhibition leading to increased expression of the mRNA. Through these regulatory mechanisms, lncRNAs can elicit differentiation, proliferation, and cytoprotective programs, underscoring the rising recognition of lncRNA roles in human disease. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of posttranscriptional gene regulation by lncRNAs identified until now.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Je-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Kotb
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abdelmohsen
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorospe
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D012326:RNA Splicing; D020871:RNA Stability; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins