title: Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy: a troubling cutaneous presentation with a self-limiting course.
abstract: Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is an unusual form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis with dramatic distinguishing skin lesions that occurs in infants ages 4 to 24 months old. The disease presents with skin eruptions that usually start with large (1-5 cm), symmetrically distributed, hemorrhagic lesions in a characteristic cockade pattern. The lesions are typically located on the lower extremities, face (in particular the ears, cheeks, and eyelids), and gluteal area. Fever may accompany skin eruptions. Clinical presentation at onset requires clinical and laboratory examination to distinguish it from more serious diseases and other vasculitis. The main differential diagnosis of AHEI is Henoch-Schönlein purpura. AHEI is generally a self-limiting disease, so a conservative approach should be considered. Topical or systemic corticosteroid therapy has been reported to be beneficial, as well as antihistamines and dapsone, although AHEI usually resolves completely with or without treatment. We report two cases of AHEI and an update of the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Savino
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lupica
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tarasco
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viola
authors.forename: Luca C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: di Montezemolo
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coppo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018366:Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology