title: A dispermic chimera was identified in a healthy man with mixed field agglutination reaction in ABO blood grouping and mosaic 46, XY/46, XX karyotype.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chimerism is the presence of two or more genetically distinct cell populations in one organism. Here, we reported the identification of dispermic chimerism in a 25-year-old male.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood grouping was performed with standard gel centrifugation test cards. ABO and HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 loci genotyping was determined with PCR sequence-based typing. A quantitative analysis of dual red cells populations was measured by flow cytometer. The karyotype was analyzed by G-banded chromosomes. Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis was performed on blood, buccal mucosal and hair shafts samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mixed-field agglutination with anti-B antibody was observed with gel centrifugation tests, which showed a double populations of O and B groups RBCs. Two groups RBCs were also observed by flow cytometer with nearly 90% O group cells and 10% B group cells. The normal O01,O02,B101 alleles were identified in DNA sample of the proband. STR analysis revealed three alleles for D8S1179,D3S1358,TH01,D13S317,D16S539,D2S1338,D19S433,TPOX and D18S51 loci. HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 loci had three alleles and a karyotypic mosaic was found with 60% 46, XY and 40% 46, XX karyotype in the proband. In all studies, the third allele was attributable to a dual paternal contribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A individual with dispermic chimerism was identified, which would generate by fertilization of an oocyte and the corresponding second polar body by two different sperms.
authors.affiliation: Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaozhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Yanlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Xianguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhimei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Kairong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Faming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hangjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Lixing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000371:Agglutination; D000483:Alleles; D046528:Chimerism; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics*; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D056426:Genetic Loci; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D059785:Karyotype; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D006680:HLA Antigens