title: Non-enzymatic antioxidant status and biochemical parameters in the consumers of Pan Masala containing tobacco.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of oral submucous fibrosis, oral cancer and even premature death. The present study was designed to compare the biochemical parameters and non- enzymatic antioxidant status and the lipid peroxidation products in pan masala tobacco users as compared with age-matched non-user controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pan masala and tobacco users of age 33.2±9.94 years and age-matched controls (31.2±4.73 years) were enrolled for the study. Plasma levels of vitamin E, vitamin C, albumin, bilirubin, uric acid, glucose, urea, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) were measured by standard methods. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated as a measure of lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the pan masala tobacco users, as compared to the controls, the level of vitamin C (68.5±5.9 vs 97.9±9.03 μmol/L, p≤0.05) vitamin E (18.4±5.3 vs 97.9±9.03 μmol/L, p≤0.001), albumin (37.5±7.01 vs 44.3±9.99 g/L, p≤0.001), and malondialdehyde (10.8±1.29 vs 1.72±1.15 nmol/ml, p≤0.001 ) were found to be significantly altered. Malondialdehyde was significantly correlated with vitamin E (r=1.00, p<0.001) and vitamin C (r =1.00, p<0.001) in pan masala tobacco users. Serum levels of AST (31.0±16.77 IU) and ALT (36.7±31.3 IU) in the pan masala tobacco users were significantly raised as compared to the controls (AST, 25.2±9.51 IU, p=0.038; ALT, 26.2±17.9 IU, p=0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that pan masala tobacco users are in a state of oxidative stress promoting cellular damage. Non-enzymatic antioxidants are depleted in pan masala tobacco users with subsequent alteration in the biochemical parameters. Supplementation of antioxidants may prevent oxidative damage in pan masala tobacco users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Nepal.
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: Ashwini Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nepal
authors.forename: Binod Kumar
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lal Das
authors.forename: Basanta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelal
authors.forename: Madhab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamsal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000975:Antioxidants; D001114:Areca; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D009390:Nepal; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000097:blood*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D001663:Bilirubin