title: Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, TUPS, protects against isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously shown that isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy causes significant changes in the expression of cytochromes P450 (CYP) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) genes. Therefore, it is important to examine whether the inhibition of sEH by 1-(1-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-urea (TUPS) will protect against isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with TUPS (0.65 mg kg(-1) day(-1), p.o.), isoprenaline (5 mg kg(-1) day(-1), i.p.) or the combination of both. In vitro H9c2 cells were treated with isoprenaline (100 μM) in the presence and absence of either TUPS (1 μM) or 11,12 EET (1 μM). The expression of hypertrophic, fibrotic markers and different CYP genes were determined by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isoprenaline significantly induced the hypertrophic, fibrotic markers as well as the heart to body weight ratio, which was significantly reversed by TUPS. Isoprenaline also caused an induction of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2B1, CYP2B2, CYP4A3 and CYP4F4 gene expression and TUPS significantly inhibited this isoprenaline-mediated effect. Moreover, isoprenaline significantly reduced 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12- and 14,15-EET and increased their corresponding 8,9-, 11,12- and 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) and the 20-HETE metabolites. TUPS abolished these isoprenaline-mediated changes in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. In H9c2 cells, isoprenaline caused a significant induction of ANP, BNP and EPHX2 mRNA levels. Both TUPS and 11,12-EET significantly decreased this isoprenaline-mediated induction of ANP, BNP and EPHX2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TUPS partially protects against isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy, which confirms the role of sEH and CYP enzymes in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Hassan N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Althurwi
authors.forename: Mandy M Y
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Ghada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abdelhamid
authors.forename: Beshay N M
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Zordoky
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hammock
authors.forename: Ayman O S
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: El-Kadi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002460:Cell Line; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C561619:1-(1-methanesulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)urea; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D010880:Piperidines; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases; C529022:EPHX2 protein, rat; D007545:Isoproterenol