title: Gaps-in-noise (GIN©) test results in children with and without reading disabilities and phonological processing deficits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the gaps-in-noise (GIN(©)) test could differentiate children with dyslexia and significant phonological awareness deficits from a group of children with normal reading skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of GIN test performance in two groups of children. Participants were administered routine audiological tests, a phonological processing test, and an auditory temporal resolution test (GIN test). Statistical testing was completed to determine if significant differences existed between groups on GIN test results and phonological processing measures, and to examine potential relationships between these test measures. Routine clinical analysis procedures examined the performance of the two groups from a clinical perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 61 children between the ages of 8 years, 1 month and 9 years, 11 months, separated into two groups: children with dyslexia and significant phonological deficits (Group I); normal-reading peers with age-appropriate phonological skills (Group II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children in Group I showed longer gap detection (GD) thresholds and lower gap identification scores than did the children in Group II. Results of statistical and clinical testing revealed significant differences between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An auditory temporal processing deficit is a factor to be considered in children presenting with dyslexia and phonological processing disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003-9296, USA. baran@comdis.umass.edu
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zaidan
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baran
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000367:Age Factors; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001299:Audiometry; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001308:Auditory Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D001364:Awareness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D011932:Reading; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological; D013997:Time Factors; D013998:Time Perception