title: Effect of different exercise modalities plus a hypocaloric diet on inflammation markers in overweight patients: a randomised trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation markers (IM) have been associated with the development of chronic diseases. This study compares the effects on IM of three exercise programs combined with a hypocaloric diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  119 overweight participants (73 women, 46 men) aged 18-50 years were randomised into four treatment groups: strength training (S; n = 30), endurance training (E; n = 30), combined S + E (SE; n = 30), and a diet and physical activity recommendations group (D; n = 29). Energy intake, anthropometric variables (AV), training variables (VO2peak, strength index, dynamometric strength index [DSI]) and plasma IM were recorded at baseline and after 22 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  84 participants completed the study. At 22 weeks, all groups showed a significantly reduced energy intake (P < 0.001) and improved AV (P < 0.001). VO2peak significantly increased in all groups (P < 0.01). DSI increased in the exercise groups only (P < 0.05). Plasma leptin fell significantly (P < 0.001) in the S and E groups, but not significantly in the SE group (P = 0.029) (no significant differences between these groups). Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations decreased in all groups when examined together, but not when examined separately. No significant differences were seen in interleukin-6 (IL-6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining strength or endurance training with a hypocaloric diet improved AV and reduced plasma leptin concentrations. No differences were seen between groups in terms of TNF-α, IL-6 or CRP reduction. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT01116856. http://clinicaltrials.gov/.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, La Paz University Hospital, Health Research Institute IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 268, 28043 Madrid, Spain. vloria@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loria-Kohen
authors.forename: Ceila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Fernández
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bermejo
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morencos
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Romero-Moraleda
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gómez-Candela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D055070:Resistance Training; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein