title: Animal models of extracranial pediatric solid tumors.
abstract: Animal models, including xenografts, models of metastatic invasion, syngeneic models and transgenic models, are important tools for basic research in solid pediatric tumors, while humanized animal models are useful for novel immunotherapeutical approaches. Optical and molecular imaging techniques are used for in vivo imaging and may be used in conjunction with alternative treatment approaches, including photodynamic therapy. The aim of this review is to highlight the various animal models that may be used for basic research in pediatric solid tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital, 72076 Tübingen,  Germany.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: Sorin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armeanu-Ebinger
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Warmann
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuchs