title: [Green tea and its role on chemoprevention in vivo of genotoxic damage induced by carcinogenic metals (chromium [VI])].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consumption of green tea, by its antioxidant properties, has been associated with beneficial health effects, because antioxidant may play a role in the risk and pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular disease and cancer. On the other hand, it has been reported that metal compounds such as chromium [VI] are carcinogenic and can induce genotoxic damage through the Oxidative Stress. Therefore, it is possible that green tea has a protective effect against the genotoxic damage induced by this compounds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of oral administration of green tea over the genotoxic damage induced by Cr [VI] by quantification of micronucleus (MN) in polychromatic erythrocytes (EPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We use mice of CD-1 strain that were randomly divided into the following groups: (i) control, (ii) treatment with green tea, (iii) treatment with chromium trioxide, (iv) treatment with green tea and chromium trioxide. The green tea was administrated via intragastric tube every 12 hours over two days (4 doses of 0.25 ml infusions 1.6 g/7.5 ml) and ad libitum (5.6 ml/day for 10 days infusions of 3.2 g/100 ml), while chromium trioxide was administrated via intraperitoneal (20 mg/kg). Blood samples were obtained from the caudal vein, the number of MN in EPC was assessed at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group treated with green tea showed no significant statistical changes in the average of MN. On the other hand, the group that was dosed with the chromium trioxide showed an increase between 4 and 8 MN, which was statistically significant when compared with control group, which confirmed the genotoxic damage. When the green tea treatment was administered before the application of chromium trioxide, there was a decrease in MN frequencies of 31 and 62% at 72 hours, 20 and 35% at 48 hours and 18 and 31% at 24 hours with intragastric and ad libitum respectively, compared with the group treated only with chromium trioxide. Hence, green tea reduced the genotoxic damage induced by chromium trioxide, and the highest protection was presented at 72 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the protective effects of green tea against the damage of genetic material, induced by metal compounds such as chromium [VI], suggesting that its antioxidant compounds are those that have a chemopreventive effect on the EOX generated by the Cr [VI] during its reduction to Cr (III). The fact that the largest decrease in the frequency of MN was observed at 72 hours and ad libitum treatment, suggests that, the protective effect depends on the bioavailability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the active ingredient in green tea, so the administration of green tea for a long period of time before the exposure to Cr [VI] could have a more consistent preventive effect.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, DF, México. carmen.garcia@unam.mx
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: García-Rodríguez
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Vilches-Larrea
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nicolás-Méndez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Altamirano-Lozano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D018890:Chemoprevention; D017608:Chromium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D013662:Tea; C028801:chromium trioxide