title: Monocrotophos poisoning through contaminated millet flour.
abstract: Several episodes of mass poisoning by organophosphates (OPs) have been reported from the developing countries. The diagnosis of OP-poisoning is mainly based on the characteristic clinical features and history of exposure to a known OP compound. Estimation of serum and red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase activities are helpful in confirming the diagnosis. However, there is controversy regarding a definite relationship between serum cholinesterase activity and the severity of clinical manifestations and prognosis. This report describes an episode of mass monocrotophos poisoning that occurred due to accidental ingestion of monocrotophos-contaminated millet (so-called bavta) flour involving eight severely poisoned persons. Clinical presentation included severe abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, pupil narrowing, and difficulty breathing. On hospital admission, plasma cholinesterase (PChE) and especially RBC acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities correlated well with clinical symptoms presented by the patients. This case study highlights the need for clinicians to be aware of OP-pesticide poisoning from food sources and the need to look for depressed PChE and AChE activities that may point to OP exposure, so that OP-poisoning can be identified immediately and patients can receive specific treatment, rather than general treatment for food poisoning.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghaninagar Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. atmiyapatel@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ashwin B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dewan
authors.forename: Bharat C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kaji
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005433:Flour / Q000633:toxicity*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007306:Insecticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008999:Monocrotophos / Q000633:toxicity*; D062025:Organophosphate Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced; D012798:Sialorrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D008999:Monocrotophos