title: Nutrition in early life and risk of childhood leukemia: a case-control study in Greece.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a paucity of findings concerning the role of diet in childhood leukemogenesis, whereas the results are equivocal and the studies heterogeneous with regard to food items examined. This case-control study investigates the association of childhood leukemia with food groups, macronutrient consumption, total energy intake and adherence to Mediterranean diet among children aged 5-14 years in Greece.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 139 consecutive, incident leukemia cases out of which 121 were acute lymphoblastic leukemia were derived from the Nationwide Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies along with one : one age- and gender-matched hospital controls. Information on socio-demographic, maternal and child variables and dietary habits was obtained through in-person interviews with the guardians/children. Multiple logistic regression was performed with adjustment for birth weight and possible confounding variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher consumption of added lipids was associated with an increased risk of childhood leukemia, whereas consumption of milk and dairy products with reduced risk. From the macronutrient analysis, a borderline trend linking high protein intake with reduced childhood leukemia risk was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of milk and dairy products in the first year of life may protect against childhood leukemia possibly through vitamin D actions, while added lipids may increase the risk through various mechanisms. These results offer a holistic evaluation of children's nutrition and suggest that dietary habits in the early years of life may contribute to the prevention of childhood leukemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Str. Goudi, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas-Antonios
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Diamantaras
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dessypris
authors.forename: Theodoros N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Sergentanis
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ntouvelis
authors.forename: Fani
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Athanasiadou-Piperopoulou
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baka
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fragandrea
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moschovi
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polychronopoulou
authors.forename: Eftichia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stiakaki
authors.forename: Demosthenes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petridou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors