title: Expression and localization of Artemis serine 516 phosphorylation in human scalp skin.
abstract: Artemis phosphorylation at serine 516 (Ser516) has important regulatory functions in the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage, V(D)J recombination, p53-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle control. Accordingly, Artemis mutations can lead to Omenn syndrome, which is associated with human radiosensitive severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome and alopecia. In this study, we investigated the expression of Ser516 phosphorylation of Artemis in the epidermis and epidermal appendages in normal human scalp skin. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed Ser516 phosphorylation of Artemis in the upper and middle portion of anagen hair follicle [including outer root sheath (ORS), inner root sheath but not stratum basale], hair matrix, sebaceous glands (secretory and ductal portions), eccrine sweat glands (secretory and ductal portions) and epidermis (stratum basale and stratum granulosum), respectively. Artemis phosphorylation at Ser516 was most prominent in ORS keratinocytes. Therefore, we suggest that phosphorylation of Artemis at Ser516 could be involved in regulation of human epidermal appendages.
authors.forename: Xian-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Jian-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: Zhong-Fa
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004720:Endonucleases; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012535:Scalp / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012627:Sebaceous Glands / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology*; D013545:Sweat Glands / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012694:Serine; C493741:DCLRE1B protein, human; C426344:DCLRE1C protein, human; D004720:Endonucleases; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes