title: Metabolomics analysis of umbilical cord blood clarifies changes in saccharides associated with delivery method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A metabolomic approach using umbilical cord blood from infants at birth has not been studied widely yet.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined changes in metabolite levels in umbilical cord blood at birth via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomics, with the aim of achieving a detailed understanding of fetal stress during labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  All procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kobe University School of Medicine. This was a cohort study of pregnant women based in Palmore Hospital, which is located in an urban area of Japan, and was carried out between December 2010 and May 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Umbilical cord arterial blood samples were obtained from 41 infants immediately after delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolites in the blood samples were measured using GC/MS to investigate whether the delivery method (spontaneous onset of labor, induction of labor or elective cesarean section) affected the metabolite profile in umbilical cord blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elective cesarean section without labor led to lower levels of isoleucine, fructose, mannose, glucose, allose, glucuronic acid, inositol and cysteine in comparison with vaginal delivery following spontaneous labor and without medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is proposed that the stress associated with labor be involved in alterations in the levels of metabolites, particularly saccharides such as glucose, in umbilical cord blood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Fusako
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishiumi
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeichi
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chitose
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtsubo
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishimori
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ninchoji
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaito
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morisada
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: Hideoki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kazumoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iijima
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007751:Labor, Induced; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers