title: Optimization of a horizontal-flow biofilm reactor for the removal of methane at low temperatures.
abstract: Three pilot-scale, horizontal-flow biofilm reactors (HFBRs 1-3) were used to treat methane (CH4)-contaminated air to assess the potential of this technology to manage emissions from agricultural activities, waste and wastewater treatment facilities, and landfills. The study was conducted over two phases (Phase 1, lasting 90 days and Phase 2, lasting 45 days). The reactors were operated at 10 degrees C (typical of ambient air and wastewater temperatures in northern Europe), and were simultaneously dosed with CH4-contaminated air and a synthetic wastewater (SWW). The influent loading rates to the reactors were 8.6 g CH4/m3/hr (4.3 g CH4/m2 TPSA/hr; where TPSA is top plan surface area). Despite the low operating temperatures, an overall average removal of 4.63 g CH4/m3/day was observed during Phase 2. The maximum removal efficiency (RE) for the trial was 88%. Potential (maximum) rates of methane oxidation were measured and indicated that biofilm samples taken from various regions in the HFBRs had mostly equal CH4 removal potential. In situ activity rates were dependent on which part of the reactor samples were obtained. The results indicate the potential of the HFBR, a simple and robust technology, to biologically treat CH4 emissions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that the HFBR technology could be effectively applied to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants and agricultural facilities at lower temperatures common to northern Europe. This could reduce the carbon footprint of waste treatment and agricultural livestock facilities. Activity tests indicate that methanotrophic communities can be supported at these temperatures. Furthermore, these data can lead to improved reactor design and optimization by allowing conditions to be engineered to allow for improved removal rates, particularly at lower temperatures. The technology is simple to construct and operate, and with some optimization of the liquid phase to improve mass transfer, the HFBR represents a viable, cost-effective solution for these emissions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. eoghan.clifford@nuigalway
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennelly
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerrity
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D018441:Biofilms; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003080:Cold Temperature; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D007494:Ireland; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008697:Methane; D062611:Solid Waste; D062065:Wastewater