title: [Surgical treatment of large or giant cavernous sinus hemangiomas via epidural approach].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the curative effect of surgically treated large or giant cavernous sinus hemangiomas (CSH) via epidural approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1999 to June 2011, 19 cases of CSH including 15 female and 4 male patients, ranging from 26 to 70 years (mean 45.3 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Ptosis/ocular motility disorders (10 cases), headache/ophthalmalgia (7 cases), decreased visual acuity (7 cases) and facial hyperesthesia (4 cases) were the most common presenting complaints. The epidural approach was taken and the tumor dissection was performed at the interval between trochlear nerve and ophthalmic nerve and the interval between ophthalmic nerve and maxillary nerve. The curative effect was followed up regularly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gross total resection was attained in 13 cases, near-total resection in 4 cases, subtotal resection in 1 case and partial resection in 1 case. The follow-up period was between 6-144 months (mean 41.5 months). The results of last follow-up were as follows: among the 10 patients with ptosis/ocular motility disorders, complete remission was achieved in 5, improvement in 2, no change in 2 and lost follow-up in 1. Facial hypoesthesia symptom got complete remission in 2 patients and partial remission in the other 2 patients. The other symptoms mentioned above were all relieved. One patient got complication with impairment of vision and ocular motility disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined with skilled skull base techniques, surgical treatment of large or giant CSH via epidural approach is an effective method and the preservation of cranial nerves could be attained to an acceptable level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. xg_yu@yahoo.cn
authors.forename: Xin-guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yi-heng
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Ding-biao
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome