title: Community participation measures for people with disabilities: a systematic review of content from an international classification of functioning, disability and health perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify instruments that measure community participation in people with disabilities and to evaluate which domains, to what extent, and how precisely they address this construct. The review aims to provide information to guide the selection of community participation instruments and to identify limitations of existing measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychINFO in February and March 2012. The latest systematic reviews and references of searched articles were also reviewed to check for measures that were not identified in the initial search.
  
  
  METHODS
  Instruments were included if they (1) were a self-report questionnaire; (2) measured community participation, participation, or community integration; (3) measured actual participation (rather than subjective experience); (4) had available information on the instrument content and measurement properties; (5) were designed for adults; and (6) were applicable for all disabled populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Instruments were obtained from identified full-text articles, reference lists, or websites. Two researchers independently reviewed each selected instrument to determine which of their items measure community participation. These items were then classified using 9 community participation domains from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to reflect each instrument's domain coverage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen instruments were identified as containing community participation items, 2 of which were 100% composed of community participation items. The rest of the instruments included 8.7% to 73.1% items measuring community participation. The domain coverage varied from 3 to 8 domains across the instruments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the 17 instruments covered the full breadth of community participation domains, but each addressed community participation to some extent. New instruments that evaluate community participation more comprehensively will be needed in the future.
authors.affiliation: Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston, MA 02215, USA. fhchang@bu.edu
authors.forename: Feng-Hang
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Coster
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Helfrich
mesh_terms: D003256:Community Participation; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans