title: Effects of green tea extract and α-tocopherol on the lipid oxidation rate of omega-3 oils, incorporated into table spreads, prepared using multiple emulsion technology.
abstract: This study examined the effectiveness of fat and water soluble antioxidants on the oxidative stability of omega (ω)-3 rich table spreads, produced using novel multiple emulsion technology. Table spreads were produced by dispersing an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion (500 g/kg 85 camelina/15 fish oil blend) in a hardstock/rapeseed oil blend, using sodium caseinate and polyglycerol polyricinoleate as emulsifiers. The O/W and oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsions contained either a water soluble antioxidant (green tea extract [GTE]), an oil soluble antioxidant (α-Tocopherol), or both. Spreads containing α-Tocopherol had the highest lipid hydroperoxide values, whereas spreads containing GTE had the lowest (P < 0.05), during storage at 5°C, while p-Anisidine values did not differ significantly. Particle size was generally unaffected by antioxidant type (P < 0.05). Double emulsion (O/W/O) structures were clearly seen in confocal images of the spreads. By the end of storage, none of the spreads had significantly different G' values. Firmness (Newtons) of all spreads generally increased during storage (P < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Chemistry & Technology Dept., Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Sandra P O'
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Beirne
authors.forename: Deirdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ní Eidhin
authors.forename: Brendan T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: O'Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012212:Rheology; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004655:Emulsions; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol