title: Transcriptome profiling analysis reveals that flavonoid and ascorbate-glutathione cycle are important during anther development in Upland cotton.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous transcriptome profiling studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of pollen and anther development, and identified many genes involved in these processes. However, only 51 anther ESTs of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) were found in NCBI and there have been no reports of transcriptome profiling analyzing anther development in Upland cotton, a major fiber crop in the word.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-eight hundred and ninety-six high quality ESTs were sequenced from their 3'-ends and assembled into 6,643 unigenes from a normalized, full-length anther cDNA library of Upland cotton. Combined with previous sequenced anther-related ESTs, 12,244 unigenes were generated as the reference genes for digital gene expression (DGE) analysis. The DGE was conducted on anthers that were isolated at tetrad pollen (TTP), uninucleate pollen (UNP), binucleate pollen (BNP) and mature pollen (MTP) periods along with four other tissues, i.e., roots (RO), stems (ST), leaves (LV) and embryos (EB). Through transcriptome profiling analysis, we identified 1,165 genes that were enriched at certain anther development periods, and many of them were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversion, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We first generated a normalized, full-length cDNA library from anthers and performed transcriptome profiling analysis of anther development in Upland cotton. From these results, 10,178 anther expressed genes were identified, among which 1,165 genes were stage-enriched in anthers. And many of these stage-enriched genes were involved in some important processes regulating anther development.
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hengling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Meizhen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Chaoyou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jinfa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Shuxun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D015723:Gene Library; D005978:Glutathione / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003368:Gossypium / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D018749:RNA, Plant; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid