title: Predictors of posttraumatic growth among parents of children undergoing inpatient corrective surgery for congenital disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychological change, or benefit, as a result of a major life trauma and/or loss. The role of emotional intelligence (EI), social support, self-efficacy, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and resilience in PTG was evaluated in parents of children undergoing a surgical procedure for congenital disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire survey was conducted in 208 parents of children undergoing inpatient surgery for correction of congenital disease at the Departments of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu and Shandong Province Hospital, China, between May and September. Posttraumatic growth was measured using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. The study variables were measured using the Emotional Intelligence Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version, and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to identify the significant predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Posttraumatic growth was reported in 54.3% (113) of parents. Posttraumatic growth was positively associated with EI, self-efficacy, resilience, and PTSS (total P < .05). Social support was positively associated with the domain of relating to others in the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (r = .208, P < .01). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated EI was the main predictor of posttraumatic growth, whereas resilience and PTSS were the mediators of personal resources (EI and self-efficacy), perceived social support, and the growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between PTG and other variables have been examined at only one point in time. Longitudinal studies in exploring the impact of EI and other variables affecting PTG can be used to reduce the impact of bidirectionality that may have impact on the conclusions drawn. Emotional management programs should focus on the use of EI as a proactive measure for enhancing emotional well-being and promoting positive emotions.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012 PR China.
authors.forename: Yuli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fenglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Danfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Naixue
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D056348:Emotional Intelligence; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D020377:Self Efficacy; D057566:Self Report; D012944:Social Support; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires