title: Pre- and postischemic pulsed acoustic cellular expression conditioning modulates expression of inflammation factors in cremaster ischemia/reperfusion injury model.
abstract: Pulsed acoustic cellular expression (PACE) is a treatment that applies focused acoustic shock waves to promote tissue healing. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of PACE treatment on inflammatory responses in a cremaster muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury model. Seventeen cremaster muscle flaps were evaluated in four groups: nonischemic controls (n = 5), 5-hour ischemia controls (n = 4), preischemic (5-hour) PACE conditioning (n = 4), and postischemic (5-hour) PACE conditioning (n = 4). The expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, GM-CSF) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, CXCL4) was assessed using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Expression of ELAM-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 was assessed by immunostaining. Preischemic PACE conditioning upregulated expression of IL-6, CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL4, and downregulated expression of TNFα, GM-CSF, and IL-1α. Postischemic PACE conditioning significantly decreased expression of all evaluated genes. Pre- and postischemic PACE conditioning decreased expression of ELAM-1 and ICAM-1. Results of the study indicate that application of PACE conditioning may have a beneficial effect on the recovery of tissues subjected to the ischemia/reperfusion injury. Postischemic PACE conditioning revealed anti-inflammatory effect as confirmed by decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules (ELAM-1 and ICAM-1) that are responsible for leukocyte recruitment into ischemic tissues. Hence, PACE therapy may be used effectively in clinical practice as a convenient therapeutic strategy to protect tissues against ischemia/reperfusion related injury after microsurgical procedures of free tissue transfers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cwykiel
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klimczak
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krokowicz
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siemionow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018925:Chemokines; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha