title: Impaired language abilities and white matter abnormalities in children born very preterm and/or very low birth weight.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate language abilities in children born very preterm (VPT; <32 weeks' gestational age) or very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) at 7 years of age and compare their performances with children born at term, and to determine whether group differences could be explained by cerebral white matter abnormality on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 198 children born <30 weeks' gestational age and/or <1250 g, and 70 term controls were examined. White matter abnormalities were rated quantitatively on brain magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age. Language was assessed at age 7 years using standardized language tests. Differences between groups were tested in the 5 language subdomains of phonological awareness, semantics, grammar, discourse, and pragmatics. A mediation effect was tested between birth group, white matter abnormality, and language subdomains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VPT/VLBW group performed significantly worse than controls on all language subdomains (all P < .001). White matter abnormality mediated the effect of group differences on phonological awareness, and partly mediated this effect for semantics, grammar, and discourse. White matter abnormality was not significantly associated with pragmatics (P = .13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Language is an important area of concern in children born VPT/VLBW. Neonatal white matter abnormality is an important predictor of outcome; however, different language abilities are differentially associated with neonatal white matter abnormality.
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia. n.barre@alumni.unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reidy
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Deanne K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Terrie E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Inder
authors.forename: Lex W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007802:Language; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires