title: Surface treatment, corrosion behavior, and apatite-forming ability of Ti-45Nb implant alloy.
abstract: The low modulus β-type Ti-45Nb alloy is a promising new implant alloy due to its excellent mechanical biocompatibility and composition of non-toxic elements. The effect of surface treatments on the evolution of controlled topography and roughness was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry. Severe mechanical treatments, for example sand-blasting, or etching treatments in strongly oxidizing acidic solutions, like HF:HNO(3) (4:1) or H(2)SO(4):H(2)O(2) (1:1) piranha solution were found to be very effective. In particular, the latter generates a nanopatterned surface topography which is expected to be promising for the stimulation of bone tissue growth. Compared to Ti and Ti-6Al-4V, the β-type Ti-45Nb alloy requires significantly longer etching durations due to the high chemical stability of Nb. Severe surface treatments alter the passive film properties, but do not deteriorate the outstanding corrosion resistance of the Ti-45Nb alloy in synthetic body fluid environments. The Ti-45Nb appears to have a lower apatite-formation ability compared to Ti. Etching with H(2)SO(4):H(2)O(2) (1:1) piranha solution inhibits apatite formation on Ti, but not on Ti-45Nb.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. f.p.gostin@ifw-dresden.de
authors.forename: Petre F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Gostin
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helth
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sueptitz
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calin
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Annett
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gebert
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001826:Body Fluids; D003343:Corrosion; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001031:Apatites; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C575293:titanium-niobium alloy