title: European multicentre database of healthy controls for [123I]FP-CIT SPECT (ENC-DAT): age-related effects, gender differences and evaluation of different methods of analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging with [(123)I]FP-CIT (DaTSCAN) is an established diagnostic tool in parkinsonism and dementia. Although qualitative assessment criteria are available, DAT quantification is important for research and for completion of a diagnostic evaluation. One critical aspect of quantification is the availability of normative data, considering possible age and gender effects on DAT availability. The aim of the European Normal Control Database of DaTSCAN (ENC-DAT) study was to generate a large database of [(123)I]FP-CIT SPECT scans in healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  SPECT data from 139 healthy controls (74 men, 65 women; age range 20-83 years, mean 53 years) acquired in 13 different centres were included. Images were reconstructed using the ordered-subset expectation-maximization algorithm without correction (NOACSC), with attenuation correction (AC), and with both attenuation and scatter correction using the triple-energy window method (ACSC). Region-of-interest analysis was performed using the BRASS software (caudate and putamen), and the Southampton method (striatum). The outcome measure was the specific binding ratio (SBR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant effect of age on SBR was found for all data. Gender had a significant effect on SBR in the caudate and putamen for the NOACSC and AC data, and only in the left caudate for the ACSC data (BRASS method). Significant effects of age and gender on striatal SBR were observed for all data analysed with the Southampton method. Overall, there was a significant age-related decline in SBR of between 4 % and 6.7 % per decade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides a large database of [(123)I]FP-CIT SPECT scans in healthy controls across a wide age range and with balanced gender representation. Higher DAT availability was found in women than in men. An average age-related decline in DAT availability of 5.5 % per decade was found for both genders, in agreement with previous reports. The data collected in this study may serve as a reference database for nuclear medicine centres and for clinical trials using [(123)I]FP-CIT SPECT as the imaging marker.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, R5:02, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden. andrea.varrone@ki.se
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varrone
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tossici-Bolt
authors.forename: Terez
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sera
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asenbaum
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Booij
authors.forename: Ozlem L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Kapucu
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kluge
authors.forename: Gitte M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: Pierre Malick
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Koulibaly
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sabri
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vander Borght
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Laere
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002138:Calibration; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009683:Nuclear Medicine / Q000379:methods; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*; D014326:Tropanes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D014326:Tropanes; C087552:2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane