title: In-office evaluation of swallowing: FEES, pharyngeal squeeze maneuver, and FEESST.
abstract: Dysphagia matters and endoscopic examination of patients with swallowing complaints is an important part of their evaluation. The 3 key adjuncts to flexible fiber optic laryngoscopy are (1) flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, (2) assessment of pharyngeal squeeze, and (3) sensory testing. Patients undergoing flexible fiber optic laryngoscopy are then challenged with liquid or solid materials for intake. Fundamental clinical signs of swallowing parameters are noted. The threshold at which the laryngeal adductor reflex is triggered is believed to be helpful in predicting swallowing capacity. This report deals solely with adult dysphagia evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. amerati@uw.edu
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Merati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000379:methods; D005683:Gagging / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods*; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods; D010614:Pharynx / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology