title: Esophageal motility pattern and gastro-esophageal reflux in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association of esophageal motility and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms with respiratory symptoms is not well established in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this work is to study the abnormalities of esophageal function in COPD patients and study its relation to smoking index, body mass index and indices of hyperinflation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 40 male COPD patients and 10 healthy controls. The patients and controls were subjected to spirometry, body plethysmography, esophageal manometry and 24hr pH-metry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were found in 55% of patients, hypotensive upper esophageal sphincter pressure in 65% of patients and hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter pressure in 52.5% of patients. Pathological acid reflux was found in 35% of patients. The severity of GERD increased with increased age, smoking index and body mass index, p<0.005. There was negative correlation between LESP and UESP compared with indices of hyperinflation, p<0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was high prevalence of esophageal motility disorders in COPD patients, LESP and UESP were significantly negatively correlated to indices of hyperinflation. There was a high prevalence of GERD in COPD patents especially elderly, severe stage of COPD, high smoking index and high body mass index (BMI).
authors.affiliation: Mansura University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abil Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gadel
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mostafa
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Younis
authors.forename: Magdy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haleem
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000503:physiopathology; D049631:Esophageal Sphincter, Upper / Q000503:physiopathology; D050782:Esophageal pH Monitoring; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010993:Plethysmography, Whole Body; D011312:Pressure; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity