title: [Malpractice in the treatment of diaphyseal fractures in children - experience of the Arbitration Office of the Northern German Medical Boards].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Statistics of the Arbitration Office of the North German Medical Boards for extrajudicial claim resolution show that nearly 30 % of all panel proceedings confirm medical malpractice. In proceedings concerning fractures in children the percentage rises to 63 % with significant differences in various fracture localisations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2000 and 2011 the Arbitration Office dealt with 272 panel proceedings regarding the fracture treatment in children. In this study 83 proceedings concerning the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the long bones are evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The claims were related to the following specialities (p = number of proceedings, m = number of malpractices): orthopaedics/traumatology p = 46, m = 38; general surgery p = 17, m = 21; paediatric surgery p = 16, m = 13; anaesthesia p = 1, m = 1; general practitioner p = 2, m = 2. In 7 cases concerning obstetrics (4) and paediatrics (3) no malpractices could be established. In 5 cases two facilities/doctors were included in the same proceeding. On 17 occasions, 2 errors were made that were unrelated to each other. The overall frequency of malpractice was 69 % with no significant differences between the involved facilities. The diaphyseal fracture locations were: humerus p = 5, m = 2; radius and/or ulna (Monteggia fractures excluded): p = 29, m = 20; femur p = 29, m = 20; tibia (with or without fracture of the fibula): p = 20, m = 14. In conservative fracture treatment the following negligent adverse events were confirmed: severe skin lesions owing to either plaster extension or removal of the cast (11), omitted or insufficient reduction followed by consolidation in intolerable malposition (8), no inducement of corrective measures after consolidation in intolerable displacement (11). Following malpractices in the surgical treatment were classified as: no indication for surgical treatment (2), no osteosynthesis in spite of clear indication (3), technical failures in primary osteosynthesis (16), technical failures in repeated osteosynthesis (4), aspiration pneumonia due to missed intubation (1). The applied methods of osteosynthesis were intramedullary nailing, mainly ESIN p = 24, m = 12; plate p = 24, m = 5; fixateur externe p = 7, m = 5. The results of maltreated diaphyseal fractures were altogether moderate: transitional impairment due to delayed or repeated therapeutic measures with prolonged fracture healing, no functional loss 70 %, slight deformation of the forearm, minimal loss of mobility 21 %, remarkable deformation of the forearm with considerable impairment of mobility, especially pronation/supination, deformation of the radio-ulno-carpal joint unit 7 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are three main categories in the maltreatment of diaphyseal fractures: 1) Omission of fracture reduction with or without internal stabilisation in cases of relevant axial deviation by unjustified expectation of "spontaneous correction". 2) Omission of fracture reduction in cases of unmotivated or neglected secondary displacement. 3) Technical failures in performing of osteosynthesis resulting in instability or the creation of intolerable malposition requiring re-osteosynthesis. The high number of plate osteosyntheses in our series (44 %) is not representative for the general treatment of children's fractures in Germany. Most cases of plate osteosynthesis are related to corrective measures with clear indication. In nine casuistic representations the errors in treatment are explained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation of malpractice in the treatment of diaphyseal fractures in children confirms the consensus: correct assessment of fracture type, early adequate treatment and fracture control, early corrective measures after insufficient primary reduction or secondary dislocation, lead to fracture healing without any anatomic or functional deficiency. Reverse argument: fracture healing leading to anatomic and/or functional loss gives a very probable indication of malpractice.
authors.affiliation: Schlichtungsstelle für Arzthaftpflichtfragen, 30419 Hannover. behne@schlichtungsstelle.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vinz
authors.forename: O-A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Festge
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006075:Governing Board; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008318:Malpractice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008511:Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017008:Negotiating