title: Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: pathophysiology, evaluation, and management.
abstract: Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is a distinctive and treatable sign of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. It is caused by failure of noradrenergic neurotransmission that is associated with a range of primary or secondary autonomic disorders, including pure autonomic failure, Parkinson's disease with autonomic failure, multiple system atrophy as well as diabetic and nondiabetic autonomic neuropathies. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is commonly accompanied by autonomic dysregulation involving other organ systems such as the bowel and the bladder. In the present review, we provide an overview of the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, epidemiology, evaluation and management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension focusing on neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Autonomic Function Laboratory, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metzler
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duerr
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granata
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krismer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Gregor K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Wenning
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy