title: Regional variation in mercury and stable isotopes of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico, USA.
abstract: The presence of total mercury (Hg) in fish tissue and the potential associated health risks has become a global concern in marine ecosystems. Few studies have examined basin-scale variation in Hg accumulation in marine ecosystems, and determining if Hg concentrations in fish tissue vary across marine ecosystems is a key monitoring question. The present study evaluated Hg concentrations in red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) tissue across three regions of the northern Gulf of Mexico (Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas, USA) and between two habitat types (oil and gas platforms and nonplatforms) within each region. Nitrogen (δ(15)N), carbon (δ(13)C), and sulfur (δ(34)S) stable isotopes were used to investigate ecological differences that may affect Hg concentrations among regions and between habitats. Mercury concentrations in red snapper tissue were positively correlated with fish total length. Regional differences in Hg concentrations were significant, with fish collected from Alabama having the highest concentrations and fish collected from Louisiana having the lowest. No significant difference existed in Hg concentrations between habitats, suggesting that association with platforms may not be a significant factor contributing to red snapper Hg concentrations. While δ(15)N did not differ significantly among the three regions, Texas red snapper were more enriched in δ(34)S and depleted in δ(13)C compared with Alabama and Louisiana red snapper. Although the majority of red snapper collected in the present study had Hg concentrations below safe consumption guidelines, regional differences suggest that spatially explicit monitoring programs may be important for basin-wide assessments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. michelle.sluis@tamucc.edu
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zapp Sluis
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Boswell
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chumchal
authors.forename: R J David
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Brianne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soulen
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cowan
mesh_terms: D000407:Alabama; D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060851:Gulf of America; D007554:Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D008145:Louisiana; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013781:Texas; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D007554:Isotopes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008628:Mercury