title: Association between granulomatous colitis in French Bulldogs and invasive Escherichia coli and response to fluoroquinolone antimicrobials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  French Bulldogs develop a form of granulomatous colitis (GC) with histopathological resemblance to GC of Boxer dogs (GCB). GCB is associated with mucosally invasive Escherichia coli whose eradication correlates with clinical remission.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the clinical and histopathological features, presence or absence of invasive colonic bacteria, and response to fluoroquinolones in French Bulldogs with GC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 6 French Bulldogs with a histological diagnosis of GC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of medical records. Bacterial colonization was evaluated using 16S rRNA probes for eubacteria and E. coli. Biopsy specimens from 3 dogs were cultured for bacteria. Clinical response to fluoroquinolone antimicrobials was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All dogs were ≤1 year of age with hematochezia that was refractory to empirical therapy. Clinicopathologic and fecal analysis did not reveal abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasound revealed patchy thickening of the colon in 4/5 dogs and regional lymphadenopathy in 5/5. Colonoscopic abnormalities included irregularly thickened and ulcerated mucosa, hyperemia, and overt bleeding in 4/6 cases. Multifocal accumulations of PAS-positive macrophages and intramucosal E. coli were present in colonic biopsies of all 6 dogs. Administration of enrofloxacin (5/6) or marbofloxacin (1/6) at 4.4-10 mg/kg (median 10 mg/kg) PO q24h for 6-10 weeks was associated with clinical improvement within 5-14 days. All dogs remained in remission over a 3-30 month follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Granulomatous colitis in young French Bulldogs is associated with the presence of invasive E. coli and closely parallels GCB. Treatment with fluoroquinolone antimicrobials can induce lasting clinical remission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. acm273@cornell.edu
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Manchester
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sabatino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Armentano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones