title: Gender differences in disability in a multiethnic Asian population: the Singapore Mental Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the current study were to examine the gender specific associations between 12-month mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders with five disability domains - Role, Social, Cognitive, Self-care and Mobility - after controlling for covariates in the multi-ethnic population in Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS) surveyed 6616 adult Singapore Residents with face-to-face interviews from December 2009 to December 2010. The diagnoses of mental disorders were established using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0). Disability was assessed with the World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys version of the WHODAS-II, which assesses disability across 5 domains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall rate of disability was higher among those with mental disorder than those without mental disorder in both men and women. Our study found that women with either 12-month mood or anxiety disorder reported significantly more disability in the Social, Cognitive and Mobility domains than men with these disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This highlights the need for gender sensitivity in models of care and treatment for both men and women and emphasizes the importance of tailoring interventions differently for them.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, 539747 Singapore. Mythily@imh.com.sg
authors.forename: Mythily
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.forename: Edimansyah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abdin
authors.forename: Janhavi Ajit
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vaingankar
authors.forename: Siow Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044466:Asian People; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology