title: Effectiveness of a training program in supervisors' ability to provide feedback on residents' communication skills.
abstract: Teaching communication skills (CS) to residents during clinical practice remains problematic. Direct observation followed by feedback is a powerful way to teach CS in clinical practice. However, little is known about the effect of training on feedback skills in this field. Controlled studies are scarce as well as studies that go beyond self-reported data. The aim of the study was to develop and assess the effectiveness of a training program for clinical supervisors on how to give feedback on residents' CS in clinical practice. The authors designed a pretest-posttest controlled study in which clinical supervisors working in two different medical services were invited to attend a sequenced and multifaceted program in teaching CS over a period of 6-9 months. Outcome measures were self-perceived and observed feedback skills collected during questionnaires and three videotaped objective structured teaching encounters. The videotaped feedbacks made by the supervisors were analysed using a 20-item feedback rating instrument. Forty-eight clinical supervisors participated (28 in the intervention, 20 in the control group). After training, a higher percentage of trained participants self-reported and demonstrated statistically significant improvement in making residents more active by exploring residents' needs, stimulating self-assessment, and using role playing to test strategies and checking understanding, with effect sizes ranging from 0.93 to 4.94. A training program on how to give feedback on residents' communication skills was successful in improving clinical supervisors' feedback skills and in helping them operate a shift from a teacher-centered to a more learner-centered approach.
authors.affiliation: Division of Primary Care Medicine, Department of Community Care, Primary Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland, noelle.junod@hcuge.ch.
authors.forename: Noelle
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Junod Perron
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nendaz
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Louis-Simonet
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gut
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baroffio
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dolmans
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Vleuten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education*; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016544:Patient Simulation; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011361:Professional Competence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland; D013663:Teaching / Q000592:standards*; D014743:Videotape Recording