title: Sand resistance of sunscreens.
abstract: Like water resistance in sunscreens, sand resistance in sunscreens is the ability of the sunscreen to retain its effectiveness while undergoing sand treatment. The influence of the type of sand on the sand resistance of sunscreens has not been described. The sand resistance of a control standard sunscreen, P2, and data on three grades of Quickrete commercial grade sand, #1961, #1962, and #1152, are described. These sands represent a fine sand, a medium sand, and an all-purpose sand. Using the methodology described in the 2007 proposed amendment of the Final Monograph (1) with one exception, we obtained an SPF of 16.5 (1.6) for the control standard, compared to the expected SPF of 16.3 (3.4). After a five-minute treatment of sand #1961, #1962, or #1151, the SPF of the control standard was 18.3 (1.6), 18.4 (2.0), and 17.5 (2.2), respectively. Thus, all three sands exhibited a similar sand-resistance response. Thus, there was no significant difference in the average SPF with and without sand. The medium grade sand, Quickrete commercial grade #1962, was preferred for sand-resistance testing because the fine sand was difficult to remove from the subject's backs and the coarse sand was unpleasant to the subjects.
authors.affiliation: Consumer Product Testing Company, Inc., 70 New Dutch Lane, Fairfield, NJ 07004, USA. mcaswell@cptclabs.com
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caswell
authors.forename: Caryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Alexa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D059405:Sun Protection Factor; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D012822:Silicon Dioxide