title: Psychosocial changes 6 months after face transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of facial transplantation is to transform severely deformed features in a single, complex operation. Although nearly 20 have been completed since 2005, there is limited information about the subsequent psychosocial status of recipients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to describe such changes as captured on a variety of psychosocial measures 3 and 6 months after full facial transplantation among 3 adults who all completed a comprehensive psychiatric assessment before the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We hypothesized and found that participants experienced significant improvement on quality of life measures of physical and mental health based on the MOS-SF -12. While the recipients experienced a decline in their physical quality of life in the 3 months immediately after surgery, they had improvement by 6 months (p = 0.02). Overall mental health showed steady improvement from the time before surgery to 6 months later (p = 0.04). These changes, however, were not reflected in another popular measure of quality of life, the EQ-5D. There were no changes in participants ' self-esteem or dyadic function over the same period of time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As facial transplantation evolves from being a novel surgical procedure to an increasingly common clinical practice, future efforts to delineate the psychosocial changes experienced by recipients might include mixed methods analyses, with both qualitative and quantitative data, as well as collaborative assessment protocols shared among facial transplantation programs.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. grace.chang2@va.gov
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Bohdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pomahac
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D054445:Facial Transplantation / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors