title: Mucoadhesive in situ nasal gelling drug delivery systems for modulated drug delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The nasal route is an attractive target for administration of the drug of choice, particularly in overcoming disadvantages such as high first-pass metabolism and drug degradation in the gastrointestinal environment that are associated with the oral and other modes of administration. The major limitation associated is of rapid mucociliary clearance in the nasal delivery that results in low absorption and hence poor bioavailability. In order to overcome this, mucoadhesive in situ nasal gelling drug delivery systems have been explored to develop sustained/controlled delivery via nasal route.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present review critically evaluates the importance of in situ gel for the nasal delivery of drugs, and the polymers used in the formulation of in situ gel along with their mechanism of gelation. It also encompasses the research reports made in this arena of delivery system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The challenges of drug delivery through nose has led to development of in situ nasal gelling systems using a myriad of polymers to deliver the drugs, proteins, amino acids, hormones, vaccines and plasmid DNA for the local, systemic and central nervous system effects. Though a range of preclinical reports are available, clinical intricacies need to be critically worked out.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, PO Chhattikara, Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Reena M P
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Kamla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pathak
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations