title: Generation rate of carbon monoxide from CO2 arc welding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CO poisoning has been a serious industrial hazard in Japanese workplaces. Although incomplete combustion is the major cause of CO generation, there is a risk of CO poisoning during some welding operations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the generation rate of CO from CO2 arc welding under controlled laboratory conditions and estimate the ventilation requirements for the prevention of CO poisoning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bead on plate welding was carried out with an automatic welding robot on a rolled steel base metal under several conditions. The concentration of emitted CO from the welding was measured by a real-time CO monitor in a well-ventilated laboratory that was free from ambient CO contamination. The generation rate of CO was obtained from the three measurements-the flow rate of the welding exhaust gas, CO concentration in the exhaust gas and the arcing time. Then the ventilation requirement to prevent CO poisoning was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The generation rate of CO was found to be 386-883 ml/min with a solid wire and 331-1,293 ml/min with a flux cored wire respectively. It was found that the CO concentration in a room would be maintained theoretically below the OSHA PEL (50 ppm) providing the ventilation rate in the room was 6.6-25.9 m3/min. The actual ventilation requirement was then estimated to be 6.6-259 m3/min considering incomplete mixing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to prevent CO poisoning, some countermeasures against gaseous emission as well as welding fumes should be taken eagerly.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan. ojima@h.jniosh.go.jp
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ojima
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D016272:Occupational Health; D014691:Ventilation; D014896:Welding / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide