title: Chlorogenic acid and rutin play a major role in the in vivo anti-diabetic activity of Morus alba leaf extract on type II diabetic rats.
abstract: The leaves of the white mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) are used worldwide in traditional medicine as anti-diabetics. Various constituents of mulberry leaves, such as iminosugars (i.e. 1-deoxynojirimicin), flavonoids and related compounds, polysaccharides, glycopeptides and ecdysteroids, have been reported to exert anti-diabetic activity, but knowledge about their contribution to the overall activity is limited. The objective of the present work was to determine the in vivo anti-diabetic activity of an extract of mulberry leaves (MA), and to examine to what extent three major constituents, chlorogenic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin, might contribute to the observed activity. Quantities of the three constituents of interest in the extract were determined by using HPLC-DAD. Activity was determined by using a type II diabetic rat model. After 11 days of per os administration of 250 or 750 mg/kg of MA or the corresponding amounts of each individual compound, a dose dependent decrease of non-fasting blood glucose levels were found for MA, chlorogenic acid and rutin, but not for isoquercitrin. Based on our results, chlorogenic acid and rutin might account for as much as half the observed anti-diabetic activity of MA, hence they can be considered as excellent markers for the quality control of mulberry products.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. hunyadi.a@pharm.u-szeged.hu
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hunyadi
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Tusty-Jiuan
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Adrienn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seres
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zupkó
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000592:standards; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031625:Morus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012431:Rutin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; C016527:isoquercitrin; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D012431:Rutin; D011794:Quercetin