title: A metabolomic approach to clarifying the effect of AST-120 on 5/6 nephrectomized rats by capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry (CE-MS).
abstract: The oral adsorbent AST-120 is composed of spherical carbon particles and has an adsorption ability for certain small-molecular-weight compounds that accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). So far, very few compounds are known to be adsorbed by AST-120 in vivo. To examine the effect of AST-120 in vivo, we comprehensively evaluated the plasma concentrations of 146 compounds (61 anions and 85 cations) in CKD model rats, with or without four weeks of treatment with AST-120. By capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry, we identified 6 anions and 17 cations that were significantly decreased by AST-120 treatment. In contrast, we also identified 2 cations that were significantly increased by AST-120. Among them, 4&#160;anions, apart from indoxyl sulfate and hippurate, and 19 cations were newly identified in this study.  The plasma levels of N-acetyl-neuraminate, 4-pyridoxate, 4-oxopentanoate, glycine,  &#947;-guanidinobutyrate, N-&#947;-ethylglutamine, allantoin, cytosine, 5-methylcytosine and imidazole-4-acetate were significantly increased in the CKD model compared with the sham-operated group, and were significantly decreased by AST-120 treatment. Therefore, these 10 compounds could be added as uremic compounds that indicate the effect of  AST-120 treatment. This study provides useful information not only for identifying the indicators of AST-120, but also for clarifying changes in the metabolic profile by AST-120 treatment in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Promotion, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan. y-akiyama@med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasutoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Eikan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Chitose
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyohara
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hozawa
authors.forename: Sadayoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000097:blood; D002244:Carbon / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002412:Cations / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D009392:Nephrectomy; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002412:Cations; D010087:Oxides; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D002244:Carbon; C040896:AST 120