title: Isometric strength ratios of the hip musculature in females with patellofemoral pain: a comparison to pain-free controls.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to compare hip agonist-antagonist isometric strength ratios between females with patellofemoral pain (PFP) syndrome and pain-free control group. One hundred and twenty females between 15 and 40 years of age (control group: n = 60; PFP group: n = 60) participated in the study. Hip adductor, abductor, medial rotator, lateral rotator, flexor, and extensor isometric strength were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Comparisons in the hip adductor/abductor and medial/lateral rotator and flexor/extensor strength ratios were made between groups using independent t-tests. Group comparisons also were made between the anteromedial hip complex (adductor, medial rotator, and flexor musculature) and posterolateral hip complex (abductor, lateral rotator, and extensor musculature). On average, the hip adductor/abductor isometric strength ratio in the PFP group was 23% higher when compared with the control group (p = 0.01). The anteromedial/posterolateral complex ratio also was significantly higher in the PFP group (average 8%; p = 0.04). No significant group differences were found for the medial/lateral rotator ratio and flexor/extensor strength ratios. The results of this study demonstrate that females with PFP have altered hip strength ratios when compared with asymptomatic controls. These strength imbalances may explain the tendency of females with PFP to demonstrate kinematic tendencies that increase loading on the patellofemoral joint (i.e., dynamic knee valgus).
authors.affiliation: Sports Traumatology Specialized Group, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Ana Paula M C C
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Sylvio N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sacramento
authors.forename: RobRoy L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Thiago Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006615:Hip / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult