title: Celiac disease markers in patients with liver diseases: a single center large scale screening study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the coincidence of celiac disease, we tested its serological markers in patients with various liver diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large-scale screening of serum antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG), and deamidated gliadin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum antibodies against endomysium using immunohistochemistry, in patients with various liver diseases (n = 962) and patients who underwent liver transplantation (OLTx, n = 523) was performed. The expression of tTG in liver tissue samples of patients simultaneously suffering from celiac disease and from various liver diseases using immunohistochemistry was carried out. The final diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed by histological analysis of small-intestinal biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 29 of 962 patients (3%) with liver diseases and 5 of 523 patients (0.8%) who underwent OLTx were seropositive for IgA and IgG anti-tTG antibodies. However, celiac disease was biopsy-diagnosed in 16 patients: 4 with autoimmune hepatitis type I, 3 with Wilson's disease, 3 with celiac hepatitis, 2 with primary sclerosing cholangitis, 1 with primary biliary cirrhosis, 1 with Budd-Chiari syndrome, 1 with toxic hepatitis, and 1 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Unexpectedly, the highest prevalence of celiac disease was found in patients with Wilson's disease (9.7%), with which it is only rarely associated. On the other hand, no OLTx patients were diagnosed with celiac disease in our study. A pilot study of the expression of tTG in liver tissue using immunohistochemistry documented the overexpression of this molecule in endothelial cells and periportal hepatocytes of patients simultaneously suffering from celiac disease and toxic hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis or autoimmune hepatitis type I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that screening for celiac disease may be beneficial not only in patients with associated liver diseases, but also in patients with Wilson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic. drastich@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Drastich
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Honsová
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lodererová
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jarešová
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pekáriková
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hoffmanová
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tučková
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tlaskalová-Hogenová
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spičák
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D018153:Czech Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D005903:Gliadin; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins