title: Botulinum toxin a treatment of consecutive esotropia in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the outcome of botulinum A toxin (BTXA) to treat surgically overcorrected intermittent exotropia in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed on a series of children with consecutive esotropia treated with BTXA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six children with a mean consecutive esotropia of 21 prism diopters (PD) were treated with BTXA at a mean of 19.8 months following strabismus surgery. Two patients underwent a single injection, three patients 2 injections, and one patient 3 injections. Complications included transient ptosis and a vertical deviation. Mean follow-up from last BTXA injection was 16 months. At last follow-up, 4 of the 6 patients were orthotropic and stereopsis was present in 4 of 5 patients old enough to cooperate with testing. One patient was treated with strabismus surgery following a single BTXA injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BTXA is an efficacious treatment for consecutive esotropia in children. However, in our series, two-thirds of patients required multiple injections to achieve the desired outcome and one ultimately had an additional strabismus surgery.
authors.affiliation: Emory University Department of Ophthalmology, Atlanta, GA, USA. cousernl@gmail.com
authors.forename: Natario L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Couser
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004948:Esotropia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins