title: Association analysis of cigarette smoking with onset of primary open-angle glaucoma and glaucoma-related biometric parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To date, studies on the role played by cigarette smoking in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains controversial. The current study evaluated cigarette smoking as a risk factor of POAG and its relationships with vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in a Chinese cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a total of 248 unrelated individuals including 30 juvenile-onset POAG (JOAG), 92 adult-onset POAG (AOAG) and 126 sex-matched senile cataract controls, underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Their smoking was obtained and documented by questionnaire. Association of cigarette smoking with POAG was performed using logistic regression controlled for age and sex. Effects of cigarette smoking on VCDR, IOP and CCT were analyzed with multiple linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In either JOAG or AOAG, no association of cigarette smoking was found with disease onset (P = 0.692 and 0.925 respectively). In controls and JOAG, no significant effects of smoking were found on VCDR, IOP or CCT (all P > 0.05). Smoking was found to be correlated with decreased CCT in AOAG and combined POAG (JOAG + AOAG) (P = 0.009 and 0.003), but no association with VCDR or IOP was observed (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although cigarette smoking was not found to be risk factor for onset of POAG, it was correlated with CCT in AOAG, and thus might still play a role in the disease course, especially for AOAG.
authors.affiliation: Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University, China.
authors.forename: Degui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chukai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yuqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yuanbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jian-Huan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mingzhi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*