title: Real-time blood circulation and bleeding model for surgical training.
abstract: Intraoperative management of bleeding is a critical skill all surgeons must possess. It is, however, very challenging to create a safe and realistic learning environment for its acquisition. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient approach to integrate blood circulation to computerized surgical simulation systems and allow for real-time processing of punctures, ruptures, and cauterization of blood vessels. Blood pressures and flows are calculated using a system of ordinary differential equations, which can be simulated very efficiently. The equation system itself is constructed using a graph of the vessels' connectivity extracted from magnetic resonance angiograms (MRA) and completed with virtual vessels deduced from the principle of minimum work. Real-time performances of the method are assessed and results are demonstrated on ten patients who underwent a MRA before removal of a brain tumor.
authors.affiliation: National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. jonathan.boisvert@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boisvert
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borgeat
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godin
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular