title: Help-seeking behavior among Japanese school students who self-harm: results from a self-report survey of 18,104 adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with poor help-seeking among adolescents who self-harm and to explore the resources used for help.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey using an anonymous questionnaire was conducted in 47 junior and 30 senior high schools in Japan. Adolescent self-harm was defined as an adolescent who had harmed himself or herself in the previous year, as in previous studies reported in Western countries. Poor help-seeking was defined as not consulting anyone despite reporting current psychological or somatic complaints. Information about sociodemographic and psychological factors possibly associated with help-seeking, such as suicidal thoughts, depression, anxiety, and psychotic-like experiences, was also collected. Regression analyses were performed to examine associated factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18,104 students (8620 aged 12-15 years, 9484 aged 15-18 years), accounting for 93% of all students in the relevant student classes, participated in the study. Two hundred and seventy-six (3.3%) junior and 396 (4.3%) senior high school students reported having self-harmed. Of these, 40.6% of adolescents in junior and 37.6% in senior high schools were classified as poor help-seeking. Poor help-seeking with regard to self-harm was significantly more common in those who reported not having consulted anyone about psychological problems (odds ratio 9.2, 95% confidence interval 4.6-18.4 in juniors; odds ratio 9.9, confidence interval 5.5-17.9 in seniors) and in those with current suicidal ideation (odds ratio 2.0, confidence interval 1.0-3.7 in juniors; odds ratio 1.9, confidence interval 1.1-3.4 in seniors). Family members were approached significantly less often as a resource for help by students who self-harmed than by those who did not, and school nurses were more often consulted by those who did self-harm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Around 40% of adolescents who self-harmed in the previous year did not seek help. School-based mental health should screen students at risk of self-harm, and educate school nurses about preventative care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimodera
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Shimpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akechi
authors.forename: Toshi A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okazaki