title: Forecasting seasonal outbreaks of influenza.
abstract: Influenza recurs seasonally in temperate regions of the world; however, our ability to predict the timing, duration, and magnitude of local seasonal outbreaks of influenza remains limited. Here we develop a framework for initializing real-time forecasts of seasonal influenza outbreaks, using a data assimilation technique commonly applied in numerical weather prediction. The availability of real-time, web-based estimates of local influenza infection rates makes this type of quantitative forecasting possible. Retrospective ensemble forecasts are generated on a weekly basis following assimilation of these web-based estimates for the 2003-2008 influenza seasons in New York City. The findings indicate that real-time skillful predictions of peak timing can be made more than 7 wk in advance of the actual peak. In addition, confidence in those predictions can be inferred from the spread of the forecast ensemble. This work represents an initial step in the development of a statistically rigorous system for real-time forecast of seasonal influenza.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. jls106@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaman
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karspeck
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005544:Forecasting / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons