title: Evaluation of Clausena pentaphylla (Roxb.) DC oil as a fungitoxicant against storage mycoflora of pigeon pea seeds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of 30 essential oils against four dominant fungi Aspergillus flavus Link., A. niger van Tieghem, A. ochraceus Wilhelm and A. terreus Thom of stored pigeon pea seeds at a concentration of 0.36 µL mL(-1). Various fungitoxic properties, such as minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration and fungitoxic spectrum, of the most potent oil were determined. The efficacy of the most potent oil in preservation of pigeon pea seeds for 6 months was also carried out by storing 1 kg of seeds in the oil vapour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clausena pentaphylla and Citrus limon oils were more effective against all the fungi tested, which exhibited 100% per cent mycelial inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration of C. pentaphylla oil was determined as 0.07 µL mL(-1) against all the test fungi and was found to be more toxic than Citrus limon oil. C. pentaphylla oil exhibited a broad range of fungitoxicity against 16 other storage fungi of pigeon pea seeds. C. pentaphylla oil significantly protected 1 kg seeds of pigeon pea from fungal deterioration and was superior to synthetic fumigants. The oil did not show any phytotoxicity and the protein content of the seeds was significantly retained for up to 6 months of storage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, C. pentaphylla oil may be used as an effective fumigant in the ecofriendly management of storage fungi of pigeon pea seeds.
authors.affiliation: Bacteriology and Natural Pesticide Laboratory, Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Abhay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Uma T
authors.initials: UT
authors.lastname: Palni
authors.forename: Nijendra N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Tripathi
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036561:Cajanus / Q000382:microbiology*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D054700:Clausena / Q000737:chemistry*; D004032:Diet; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts