title: Advancement genioplasty--cephalometric analysis of osseous and soft tissue changes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genioplasty is often performed to esthetically improve patient's profiles in the lower facial third. Many factors account for the variability in soft tissue response like dissection technique, magnitude and direction of movement and stability of the genial segment. Optimum treatment planning thus requires an understanding of the soft tissue response to various genial procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the stability, ratio of hard and soft tissues and changes in the lower facial profile after advancement genioplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients were evaluated cephalometrically for the soft tissue changes in relation to hard tissues after advancement genioplasty. Pre operative, immediate post operative and 6 months post operative lateral cephalogram were taken. Pre operative tracings were superimposed with post operative cephalograms to produce a composite tracing. Changes in the osseous tissues are assessed and related to the net changes in the soft tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of horizontal changes of osseous to soft tissues was found to be 1:0.89. The mean resorption was 0.85 mm (10.7%). The vertical changes are minimal and non significant. There are significant changes in the soft tissue profile such as decrease in the soft tissue thickness, facial convexity angle, lower facial submental angle and increase in mentolabial sulcus depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The standard advancement genioplasty procedure by inferior osteotomy of the chin with broadest musculo-periosteal pedicle with rigid internal fixation was followed. The soft tissue response is almost equal to the bony movement. The stability of the hard tissues is good with minimum amount of resorption so as to achieve more predictable results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Joseph Dental College and Hospital, Duggirala, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh India  ; Flat No. 202, Sai Balaji Estates, Gurukrupa Road, Satvahana Nagar, West Godavari Distt, Eluru, 534003 Andhra Pradesh India.
authors.forename: P Sridhar
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Bina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.forename: Neelakamal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hallur
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sikkerimath