title: Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: bacterial infection.
abstract: Osseointegrated dental implants have a ong-term success rate of over 90%, but may be threatened by peri-implant mucostis and peri-implantitis, bacteria biofilm-induced inflammatory conditions. While peri-implant mucositis is a reversible inflammatory condition confined to the peri-implant soft-tissue unit, peri-implantitis is characterised by progressive inflammatory destruction of the crest of the alveolar bone supporting the implant, by increased peri-implant probing depths, and by bleeding and/or suppuration on probing. Effective treatment of peri-implant mucositis will prevent the development of peri-implantitis. Plaque accumulation on the implant/abutment surface juxtaposed to the junctional epithelium and to the connective tissue zone of the peri-implant soft-tissue unit induces the development of peri-implant mucositis which can subsequently progress to peri-implantitis. The aim of this paper is to review some aspects of bacterial infection of the tissue supporting dental implants, and to explore how to maintain the healthy peri-implant soft-tissue unit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, South Africa.
authors.forename: R A G
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Khammissa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meyerov
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lemmer
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000628:therapy; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000628:therapy; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D052016:Mucositis / Q000382:microbiology; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000382:microbiology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants