title: Protective role of pectin against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative stress in rats.
abstract: Cadmium has been classified as an environmental pollutant and human carcinogen. Pectin is a family of complex polysaccharides that function as hydrating agents and cementing materials for the cellulosic network. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of pectin against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups. Groups 1 and 2 were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) saline (1 mg/kg) and pectin (50 mg/kg), respectively, two days/weeks over three weeks period. Groups 3-5 were injected i.p. with 1 mg/kg cadmium two days/week while groups 4 and 5 co-administrated i.p. with 25 and 50 mg/kg pectin, respectively, three days/week over three weeks period. The results of the present work revealed that cadmium-exposed rats showed decrease in serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and lactate dehydrogenase. Testicular cholesterol, total protein, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and reduced glutathione levels were also decreased while testicular malondialdehyde level was increased after cadmium injection. On the other hand, serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, sex hormone binding globulin and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were increased after cadmium exposure. Cadmium also induced sperms loss. Co-administration of pectin with cadmium restores all the above parameters and sperms to the normal levels where pectin at higher dose was more effective than lower one. These results were supported by histochemical investigations. In conclusion, pectin can counteract the testicular toxicity and oxidative stress induced by cadmium and the effect was dose-dependent.
authors.affiliation: Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. kkoriem@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Khaled M M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Koriem
authors.forename: Gamal E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Fathi
authors.forename: Huda A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Nabil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.forename: Sofie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gamil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010368:Pectins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D002104:Cadmium; D010368:Pectins