title: Thyroid function in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A variety of HIV-related endocrine dysfunctions including adrenal, gonadal and thyroid disorders have been reported. We aimed to compare between the markers of thyroid function in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients and healthy volunteers as a control group. The prevalence of the thyroid abnormalities in HIV-infected patients was assessed and the levels of thyroid autoantibodies were also determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients having a CD4 cell count of 180-350 cells/mm(3) were enrolled in the study. Same number of healthy volunteers were also included for comparison. Measurements of thyroid function tests including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin and free triiodothyronine levels beside thyroid autoantibodies, including antithyroglobulin (ATBG) and antithyroid peroxidase (ATPO), were carried out for all patients and volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 70% of HIV-infected patients had normal thyroid function tests when compared with control individuals, while 30% of HIV-infected patients had abnormal thyroid function. Of the 30 cases, 11 cases had abnormal TSH values, with increased TSH predominant (7% of HIV cases) than decreased TSH (4% of patients) values. Incidence of thyroid abnormalities ranging from hypothyroidism (subclinical and overt: 6% and 1%, respectively) to hyperthyroidism (2%) and nonthyroidal illness (9%) were estimated in HIV-infected patients. The values of thyroid autoantibodies were almost normal in HIV-infected patients, except the three cases presented with elevated ATBG, indicating that thyroid abnormalities were not due to elevated ATBG and ATPO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thyroid hormones are of great importance and due to high prevalence of thyroid function abnormality, it is recommended that thyroid function tests should be monitored in all HIV-infected patients before starting the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt amaninoureldeen@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Amani Fh
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Noureldeen
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Safaa Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Qusti
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Laboratories, King Fahd General Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Gelan Ms
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Khoja
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin