title: Pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) for biogas production: structural changes and digestion improvement.
abstract: Pretreatment of OPEFB (oil palm empty fruit bunch) by NMMO (N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide) on its subsequent digestions was investigated. The pretreatments were carried out at 90 and 120 °C for 1, 3, and 5h in three different modes of dissolution (by 85% NMMO solution), ballooning (79% NMMO solution), and swelling (73% NMMO solution). The total solid recovery after the pretreatment was 89-94%. The pretreatment process did not have a major impact on the composition of OPEFB, other than a reduction of ash from 5.4% up to 1.3%. The best improvement in biogas production was achieved by a dissolution mode pretreatment of OPEFB, using conditions of 85% NMMO, 3h, and 120 °C. It resulted in 0.408 Nm(3)/kg VS methane yield and 0.032 Nm(3)CH(4)/kg VS/day initial methane production rate, which correspond in improving by 48% and 167% compared to the untreated OPEFB, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Fiametta Ayu
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Purwandari
authors.forename: Adhitya Pitara
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sanjaya
authors.forename: Ria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Millati
authors.forename: Muhammad Nur
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Cahyanto
authors.forename: Ilona Sárvári
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Horváth
authors.forename: Claes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niklasson
authors.forename: Mohammad J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taherzadeh
mesh_terms: D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D009025:Morpholines; C067960:4-methylmorpholine N-oxide; D008697:Methane