title: Protective effects of propofol against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human kidney proximal tubular cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the protective effects of propofol in the HK-2 cell line of human kidney proximal tubular cells against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  After pretreatment with different concentrations of propofol (0 µM, 10 µM, 25 µM and 50 µM) for 30 minutes, HK-2 cells were exposed to 8 mM H(2)O(2) for 4 hours. Cell death was assessed by measuring the percentage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and by counting viable cells. The nature of cell death was assessed by doubles-taining cells with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Annexin V and propidium iodide, and then analyzing the cells using flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exposure to 8 mM H(2)O(2) for 4 hours, the percentage of LDH release was 45.1 ± 4.2% and the number of viable HK-2 cells was 5.2 ± 6.0%. Pretreatment with propofol suppressed H(2)O(2)-induced LDH release in a concentration-dependent manner, reducing the percentage of LDH release to 38.1 ± 5.6%, 33.5 ± 6.3%, and 26.2 ± 3.8% of the controls at 10 µM, 25 µM and 50 µM propofol, respectively. Numbers of viable cells increased following propofol pretreatment, with 11.4 ± 10.9%, 19.5 ± 16.1%, and 32.4 ± 23.3% cell survival rates after pretreatment with 10 µM, 25 µM and 50 µM propofol, respectively. Analyses of flow cytometry showed that the propofol pretreatment decreased the percentage of necrotic and late apoptotic cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol protects HK-2 human kidney proximal tubular cells against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Eun Ho
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Youngjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Young Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joung Uk
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Kim