title: Analgesic effect of 30% glucose, milk and non-nutritive sucking in neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate nondrug management practices concerning pain induced by blood sampling in newborns in a Moroccan neonatal unit and to determine whether the results reported from a randomized clinical study of nondrug analgesia could be reproduced in a routine care setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized prospective observation of analgesic practices used during blood sampling was performed. Pain was assessed using the Douleur Aiguë Nouveau-né (DAN, [Newborn Acute Pain]) scale that incorporates facial expression, vocal expression, and limb movements of the newborn during realization of a painful procedure. Five different nondrug analgesic practices were investigated in 125 infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median DAN scores for the five methods were 6 (1-10) for venous sampling with oral administration of 30% glucose, 5 (1-10) for venous sampling with sucking, 3 (0-6) for venous sampling with oral administration of 30% glucose combined with sucking, 4 (0-10) for venous sampling with oral administration of 30% glucose combined with sucking and administration of 2 mL of adapted infant formula, and 6 (3-8) for venous sampling with administration of 2 mL of adapted infant formula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of 30% glucose combined with sucking provided better control of pain induced by blood sampling in newborns at our neonatal unit.
authors.affiliation: Neonatology and Intensive Care Unit, National Reference Center in Neonatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Rabat, Rabat.
authors.forename: Nour
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mekkaoui
authors.forename: Imane
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Issef
authors.forename: Meryem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kabiri
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barkat