title: Isolation and structure elucidation of GM4-type gangliosides from the Okinawan starfish Protoreaster nodosus.
abstract: Three new ganglioside molecular species, termed PNG-1, PNG-2A, and PNG-2B were isolated from pyloric caeca of the starfish Protoreaster nodosus. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods, and characterized as 1-O-[8-O-methyl-N-acetyl-&#945;-neuraminosyl-(2&#8594;3)-&#946;-galactopyranosyl]-ceramide for PNG-1, 1-O-[&#946;-galactofuranosyl-(1&#8594;3)-&#945;-galactopyranosyl-(1&#8594;4)-8-O-methyl-N-acetyl-&#945;-neuraminosyl-(2&#8594;3)-&#946;-galactopyranosyl]-ceramide for PNG-2A, and 1-O-[&#946;-galacto furanosyl-(1&#8594;3)-&#945;-galactopyranosyl-(1&#8594;9)-N-acetyl-&#945;-neuraminosyl-(2&#8594;3)-&#946;-galactopyr anosyl]-ceramide for PNG-2B. PNG-2A and PNG-2B represent the first GM4 elongation products in nature.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. miyamoto@phar.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Tomofumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007564:Japan; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013215:Starfish / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005732:Gangliosides; C028253:ganglioside, GM4