title: Moderating effect of schizotypy on the relationship between smoking and neurocognition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smoking rates in schizotypic individuals are shown to be elevated, as in patients with schizophrenia, although findings on the association of smoking with different symptomatology of schizotypy have been mixed. Moreover, possible moderating effects of schizotypy on the relationship between smoking and cognition have not been well documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and the full version of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) were administered to 501 healthy adults. Subjects were divided into smokers (n=85) and non-smokers (n=416) based on the presence/absence of current smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on the three factor scores as well as the total score of the SPQ, controlling for age and gender, revealed that cognitive-perceptual factor was significantly associated with an increased rate of smoking (P=0.048). The ANCOVA on the WMS-R indices, with smoking group as a fixed factor and age, gender and total SPQ score as covariates, revealed that the schizotypy-by-smoking interaction was significant for attention/working memory (P=0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive schizotypy may be associated with more smoking. Schizotypy and smoking could interact with each other to negatively affect attention/working memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan. Electronic address: hori@ncnp.go.jp.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teraishi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sasayama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kunugi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires