title: Ferulic acid improves cardiovascular and kidney structure and function in hypertensive rats.
abstract: Ferulic acid is a simple phenolic acid commonly present in cereals. In this study, changes in heart and kidney structure and function were measured in young N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-treated Wistar rats and 10-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) alone and after chronic treatment with ferulic acid (FA; 50 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹; n = 6-10; *P < 0.05). Systolic blood pressures were increased after L-NAME treatment (control 125 ± 2 mm Hg, L-NAME 205 ± 6* mm Hg after 8 weeks) and in SHR (250 ± 2 mm Hg; WKY 149 ± 4 mm Hg). Hypertensive rats developed left ventricular hypertrophy, increased ventricular diastolic stiffness (κ; Wistar, 21.4 ± 1.6; L-NAME, 30.1 ± 0.9*; WKYs, 24.1 ± 0.9; SHR 29.5 ± 0.7) and fibrosis of heart and kidneys. Treatment with ferulic acid reduced systolic blood pressure (L-NAME + FA, 157 ± 4*; SHR + FA 214 ± 8* mm Hg), reduced left ventricular diastolic stiffness (L-NAME + FA, 25.2 ± 0.5*; SHR + FA 26.3 ± 0.5*) and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration, ferric iron accumulation, and collagen deposition in left ventricles and kidneys. Ferulic acid improved both endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated thoracic aortic rings and antioxidant status by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the heart and kidneys. FA decreased plasma liver enzyme activities and plasma creatinine concentrations. Thus, FA improved the structure and function of the heart, blood vessels, liver, and kidneys in hypertensive rats.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Md Ashraful
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Conrad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sernia
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005355:Fibrosis; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; C004999:ferulic acid; D010088:Oxidoreductases