title: Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside improves the learning and memory of amyloid-β(₁₋₄₂)-injected rats and may be connected to synaptic changes in the hippocampus.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), an active component extracted from Polygonum multiflorum, on learning/memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We randomly divided 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats among 4 groups: (i) the sham-operated group (control); (ii) sham-operated group also treated with TSG (sham+TSG); (iii) beta amyloid treated group (Aβ); and (iv) Aβ treatment group also treated with TSG (Aβ+TSG). Rats in the Aβ and Aβ+TSG groups were treated with Aβ₁₋₄₂ intracerebroventricularly, whereas the control and sham+TSG groups were given phosphate-buffered saline. Rats in the sham+TSG and Aβ+TSG groups were then treated intragastrically with TSG (50 mg·(kg body mass)⁻¹·day⁻¹) for 4 weeks, and rats in the Aβ and control groups were treated with saline. The results from Morris water maze tests, electron microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting demonstrated that Aβ₁₋₄₂ induced impairment in learning and memory, degeneration in synaptic structures, and downregulation of Src and NR2B at the gene and protein level, respectively. These alterations were reversed by the administration of TSG, suggesting that TSG exerts anti-AD properties by protecting synaptic structure and function. TSG-induced upregulation of Src and NR2B may be responsible for this process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Qidong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Zhiwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005960:Glucosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D016392:Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013570:Synaptic Membranes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C489707:2',3',4',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D005960:Glucosides; C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D013267:Stilbenes; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016392:Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)