title: Woodland biodiversity management as a tool for reducing human exposure to Ixodes ricinus ticks: a preliminary study in an english woodland.
abstract: This paper presents preliminary findings towards developing a UK-specific approach to reducing public exposure to woodland questing Ixodes ricinus tick populations by harnessing existing biodiversity-enhancing woodland ride (i.e., linear non-wooded herbaceous habitat either side of track within woodland) management strategies. This preliminary study in an English woodland firstly assesses whether ecological and environmental factors determine presence and density of questing Ixodes ricinus along woodland rides. Secondly, it sets these findings in the context of woodland ride management guidelines in England in order to understand what impact ride management strategies might have on numbers of questing ticks and tick survival. Nymph and adult I. ricinus presence and abundance were modelled in relation to relevant microclimate and ecological parameter variables. Predictor variables for increased questing nymph abundance included ride orientation, mat depth, occurrence of bracken/bramble and animal tracks, ride/path width, and sward height. Ticks thrive in the ecotonal habitat of a woodland ride, therefore we urge woodland managers to consider the impact of their ride management on ticks and human exposure to ticks. Possible recommendations for mitigating questing I. ricinus in line with biodiversity management guidelines rides are discussed in this paper and include seasonal mowing regimes, management of mulch/mat, and bracken/bramble management through use of scalloped ride edges.
authors.affiliation: Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, Emergency Response Department, Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK. jolyon.medlock@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Medlock
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shuttleworth
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Copley
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hansford
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D017753:Ecosystem; D006801:Humans; D018884:Ixodes / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*