title: Family eating out-of-home: a review of nutrition and health policies.
abstract: Childhood obesity is a growing problem worldwide. In recent years, out-of-home (OH) eating has been highlighted as one of the many factors contributing to the obesogenic environment. This review seeks to identify a range of existing guidelines for the provision of healthy food options for families who eat OH frequently. Nationally available nutrition policies were identified using targeted and untargeted searches of the internet to identify established strategies for providing food for children in the family eating out sector in America (US), Australia, Canada and the WHO's European Region (EUR). These were categorised on the basis of eleven pre-defined criteria including: family eating out sector included as stakeholder; inclusion of children's food OH; cost strategies for healthier food choices; provision of nutrition information for customers; nutrition training of catering staff; and monitoring and evaluation structures. Fifty-five policies were reviewed, of which 71% addressed children's food served OH, but principally only for food available in schools. Two voluntary programmes, from Colorado and Slovenia, were identified as possible best practice models as they met a majority of the evaluation criteria. The most frequently used strategy by policies to promote healthier eating OH was the provision of nutrition information on menus, while monitoring and evaluation plans were poorly incorporated into any OH strategies, thus raising issues about their effectiveness. This review has identified a range of initiatives that could be employed to make healthier eating OH more accessible for families. However, to establish best practice guidelines for healthier OH food choices further investigations are required.
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: McGuffin
authors.forename: J M W
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: McCrorie
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Pourshahidi
authors.forename: M B E
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Livingstone
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D005060:Europe; D005190:Family; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005515:Food Labeling; D005522:Food Services; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006262:Health; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012574:Schools; D014481:United States