title: Detection of nasopharyngeal cancer using confocal Raman spectroscopy and genetic algorithm technique.
abstract: Raman spectroscopy (RS) and a genetic algorithm (GA) were applied to distinguish nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) from normal nasopharyngeal tissue. A total of 225 Raman spectra are acquired from 120 tissue sites of 63 nasopharyngeal patients, 56 Raman spectra from normal tissue and 169 Raman spectra from NPC tissue. The GA integrated with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is developed to differentiate NPC and normal tissue according to spectral variables in the selected regions of 792-805, 867-880, 996-1009, 1086-1099, 1288-1304, 1663-1670, and 1742-1752 cm-1 related to proteins, nucleic acids and lipids of tissue. The GA-LDA algorithms with the leave-one-out cross-validation method provide a sensitivity of 69.2% and specificity of 100%. The results are better than that of principal component analysis which is applied to the same Raman dataset of nasopharyngeal tissue with a sensitivity of 63.3% and specificity of 94.6%. This demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy associated with GA-LDA diagnostic algorithm has enormous potential to detect and diagnose nasopharyngeal cancer.
authors.affiliation: South China Normal University, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Guangzhou 510631, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Xin
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiu-Yan
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yan-Jiao
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong-Lian
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Zhou-Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hai-Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Song-Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*