title: Body mass index influences prostate cancer risk at biopsy in Japanese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between body mass index and prostate cancer risk at biopsy in Japanese men, and to compared the risk with that of Caucasian men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated 3966 men with prostate-specific antigen levels from 2.5 to 19.9 ng/mL who underwent an initial extended prostate biopsy. Using logistic regression, odds ratios of each body mass index category for risk of prostate cancer and high-grade disease (Gleason score ≥4 + 3) were estimated after controlling for age, prostate-specific antigen, %free prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, digital rectal examination findings, family history of prostate cancer and the number of biopsy cores. Patients were divided into six categories according to their body mass index (kg/m(2) ) as follows: <21.0, 21.0-22.9, 23.0-24.9, 25.0-26.9, 27.0-29.9 and ≥30.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant positive association was observed between body mass index and prostate cancer risk at biopsy, with an increased risk observed in men whose body mass index was ≥27.0 compared with the reference group. A significantly increased risk starting at body mass index ≥25.0 was found in high-grade disease. In contrast to our results, there has been no reported increase in the risk of prostate cancer at biopsy in Caucasians within the overweight range (body mass index of 25.0-29.9 based on World Health Organization classification).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Japanese men within the overweight body mass index range who have an elevated prostate-specific antigen level also have a significant risk of harboring prostate cancer, especially high-grade disease. Overweight Japanese might be at greater prostate cancer risk at biopsy than overweight Caucasians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. hi-masu.uro@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Numao
authors.forename: Yoh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Minato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yonese
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kihara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001706:Biopsy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D050177:Overweight / Q000208:ethnology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen