title: Arsenic exposure and oral cavity lesions in Bangladesh.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between arsenic exposure and oral cavity lesions among an arsenic-exposed population in Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out an analysis utilizing the baseline data of the Health Effects of Arsenic Exposure Longitudinal Study, which is an ongoing population-based cohort study to investigate health outcomes associated with arsenic exposure via drinking water in Araihazar, Bangladesh. We used multinomial regression models to estimate the risk of oral cavity lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with high urinary arsenic levels (286.1 to 5000.0 μg/g) were more likely to develop arsenical lesions of the gums (multinomial odds ratio = 2.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 7.54), and tongue (multinomial odds ratio = 2.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.51 to 5.15), compared with those with urinary arsenic levels of 7.0 to 134.0 μg/g.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher level of arsenic exposure was positively associated with increased arsenical lesions of the gums and tongue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Emdadul H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melkonian
authors.forename: Krishna C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Poudel
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasuoka
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Alauddin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Tariqul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Faruque
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parvez
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Slavkovich
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Graziano
authors.forename: Habibul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.forename: Masamine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jimba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001151:Arsenic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D060766:Drinking Water; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic