title: Using Household Consumption and Expenditures Survey (HCES) data to assess dietary intake in relation to the nutrition transition: a case study from Cape Verde.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few surveys of food and nutrient intakes are conducted at the individual level in low- and middle-income countries, whereas Household Consumption and Expenditures Surveys (HCES) are regularly carried out to monitor economic conditions. Because of the paucity of individual-level data, there is interest in using HCES to aid in the design of food and nutrition policies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Data from the 2001/02 HCES from Cape Verde were used to assess household dietary intakes in the context of the country's nutrition transition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey included weighed measurements of household food intake and measurements of the weight and height of all household members. Households were classified as "underweight" if they had at least one underweight member, "overweight" if they had at least one overweight member, and "dual burden" if they had at least one underweight and one overweight member.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of households classified as underweight, overweight, and dual burden was 18%, 41%, and 14%, respectively. Household food and nutrient intakes were higher in the overweight households (particularly protein, vitamin A, and calcium) and lower in the underweight households, while there was no clear pattern of intakes in the dual burden group. Overweight households consumed more animal food groups than other households. Intakes of fruits and vegetables were low in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HCES data for Cape Verde were useful for assessing the extent of the nutrition transition and characterizing dietary intakes by anthropometric classification. Analysis of nutrient and food intakes showed that ensuring sufficient energy availability is no longer the most important issue for Cape Verde, but that ensuring dietary quality is equally crucial, in particular increasing access to fruits and vegetables.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy. marieclaude.dop@gmail.com
authors.forename: Marie Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dop
authors.forename: Clodomir
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mistura
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cardoso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D055726:Cabo Verde; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D009752:Nutritional Status; D050177:Overweight / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013851:Thinness / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014505:Urban Population