title: Arenavirus evasion of host anti-viral responses.
abstract: The innate response to infection by an Old World arenavirus is initiated and mediated by extracellular and intracellular receptors, and effector molecules. In response, the invading virus has evolved to inhibit these responses and create the best environment possible for replication and spread. Here, we will discuss both the host's response to infection with data from human infection and lessons learned from animal models, as well as the multitude of ways the virus combats the resulting immune response. Finally, we will highlight recent work identifying TLR2 as an innate sensor for arenaviruses and how the TLR2-dependent response differs depending on the pathogenicity of the strain.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. melissawhayes@gmail.com
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvato
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001117:Arenaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D018050:Arenavirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000276:immunology; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007370:Interferon Type I; C507779:MYD88 protein, human; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2