title: Clinical outcome in all-arthroscopic versus mini-open rotator cuff repair in small to medium-sized tears: a randomized controlled trial in 100 patients with 1-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes in the first postoperative year of patients with full-thickness small to medium-sized tears undergoing all-arthroscopic (AA) versus mini-open (MO) rotator cuff repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients were randomized to either AA or MO rotator cuff repair at the time of surgery on an intention-to-treat basis. Patients were evaluated before and 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks after surgery using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score as a primary outcome score and the Constant-Murley score, visual analog scale (VAS)-pain/impairment score, and measurement of active forward flexion/external rotation as secondary outcome measures. Ultrasound evaluation was used to assess structural integrity of the repair 1 year postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven patients were analyzed in the AA group and 48 in the MO group. Five patients were lost to follow-up. Mean age was 57.2 (SD 8.0) years in the AA group and 57.8 (SD 7.9) years in the MO group. Primary and secondary outcome measures significantly improved in both groups postoperatively. Overall mean primary and secondary postoperative outcome scores did not statistically significantly differ between the treatment groups (DASH between-group mean difference: -3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], -10.2 to 3.4; P = .317). However, at the 6-week follow-up, DASH score, VAS-pain and -impairment, and active forward flexion were significantly more improved in the AA group than in the MO group. A retear was seen in 8 patients (17%) in the AA group and 6 patients (13%) in the MO group. Five patients in the AA group (11%) and 6 patients (13%) in the MO group developed adhesive capsulitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional outcome, pain, range of motion, and complications do not significantly differ between patients treated with all-arthroscopic repair and those treated with mini-open repair in the first year after surgery. Patients do attain the benefits of treatment somewhat sooner (6 weeks) with the arthroscopic procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level II, randomized controlled trial without postoperative blinding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands. peerzwaal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Peer
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Zwaal
authors.forename: Bregje J W
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Thomassen
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuijse
authors.forename: Ruud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lindenburg
authors.forename: Jan-Willem A
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Swen
authors.forename: Ewoud R A
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: van Arkel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery*; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome