title: Towards proposition of a diagnostic reference level for mammographic examination in the greater Khorasan Province, Iran.
abstract: Although, over the past few years, the application of mammography has risen up sharply in Iran, very little, if any, has been reported of the extent of patient's dose from this type of imaging. The purpose of this study was to establish local diagnostic reference level (DRL) arising from mammography in the great Khorasan province of Iran. It is generally assumed that the glandular tissue is the most vulnerable type of breast tissue. Therefore, the mean glandular dose (MGD) has been widely accepted as the most appropriate dosimetric quantity to predict the risk of radiation-induced cancer. Literary, DRL for mammography is defined as the 75th percentile of MGD distribution. In Khorasan province, 7 out of 40 centres were randomly selected. In this work, 100 patients were studied. Thermoluminescence dosimeters have been used to measure entrance surface doses (ESDs). Since, it is difficult to directly measure MGD, Monte Carlo model-based conversion factors were utilised to conclude MGD from ESD. The results have revealed that patients dose is varied widely. The measured ESDs ranged from 0.74 to 19.81 mGy for the craniocaudal (CC) view and 1.20 to 25.79 mGy for the mediolateral oblique (MLO) view. The average MGDs per image were 0.88 and 1.11 mGy for CC and MLO views, respectively. Based on the internationally adopted definition, DRL arising from mammography tests for Khorasan is 1.33 mGy. Implementation of a dose reduction programme is suggested because of the large variations observed in patient MGD values. In this study, the DRL value is significantly lower than the corresponding values suggested by other researchers elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bahreyni Toossi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zare
authors.forename: Sh
authors.initials: Sh
authors.lastname: Bayani Roodi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akbari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malekzadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008327:Mammography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D012016:Reference Values; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry