title: Sensitive and rapid detection of viruses associated with hand foot and mouth disease using multiplexed MALDI-TOF analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human enterovirus (HEV) is the major cause of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD). A powerful method for detecting HEVs associated with HFMD can provide results in a clinically relevant time frame. However, the limitations of the current enterovirus test make it difficult to identify multiple genotypes on the first pass.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a more sensitive and easy applicable assay for detecting 18 HFMD-associated HEV serotypes in multiplex PCR products.
  
  
  METHODS
  : A total of 241 clinical specimens were collected from HFMD patients during the 2010 outbreak in China. These samples were tested by DNA sequencing and MassARRAY analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of a dilution series of plasmids revealed the detection limit per PCR reaction for the MassARRAY method was one copy for the tested HEVs. We compared results from 241 samples to those of the sequence analysis of the VP1 gene. The MassARRAY method detected all samples found positive by consensus PCR and sequencing method. Comparison of the results of MassARRAY and the DNA sequencing method found concordant results for 225 (93.4%) of the 241 samples. In 14 (5.8%) samples, the MassARRAY method detected multiple types, whereas the DNA sequencing method detected a single type. In another 2 (0.8%) samples, the MassARRAY method detected single types, whereas the DNA sequencing method detected no HEV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MassARRAY assay is a highly sensitive and accurate method for the type-specific detection of 18 HEVs in HFMD and is a powerful complement to current detection methods.
authors.affiliation: MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Junping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Junhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods*