title: Incidence and predictors of radial artery spasm at the beginning of a transradial coronary procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to establish the frequency of radial artery spasm (RAS) and its predictors at the beginning of a transradial approach (TRA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-center prospective study. A total of 1,722 consecutive patients undergoing their first transradial coronary procedure were recruited. After radial artery puncture, a hydrophilic sheath was used to complete arterial puncture, then 500 μg glycerol trinitrate and 2.5 mg verapamil were injected into radial artery along the sheath. After retrograde radial arteriography spasm was defined angiographically as a stenosis greater than 25%. Patient demographics, procedural data such as total procedural duration, the number of catheters and guidewires used, the amount of contrast media usage, dose area product (DAP) and fluoroscopy time, and vascular complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall spasm incidence was 10.3%. The procedural success rate was lower in patients with spasm than in patients without spasm (80% vs. 95.7%, P < 0.001). The patients with spasm were older (mean age 63.9 ± 9.4 years vs. 60.0 ± 11.2 years, P < 0.001) and more commonly female (51.3% vs. 34.4%, P < 0.001). Spasm was more common in hypertensive patients (66% vs. 56%, P < 0.009). Surprisingly, smoking was less common in patients with spasm (17% vs. 29%, P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that female gender (OR = 1,524, 95% CI: 1.033-2.248, P = 0.034) was the only independent predictor of RAS at the beginning of the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of RAS was 10,3%, and female gender was the sole independent predictor of RAS at the very beginning of the procedure in patients undergoing a TRA.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey. sevket5@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sevket
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorgulu
authors.forename: Tugrul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norgaz
authors.forename: Tansu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karaahmet
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dagdelen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013035:Spasm / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome