title: Potentiometric zinc ion sensor based on honeycomb-like NiO nanostructures.
abstract: In this study honeycomb-like NiO nanostructures were grown on nickel foam by a simple hydrothermal growth method. The NiO nanostructures were characterized by field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The characterized NiO nanostructures were uniform, dense and polycrystalline in the crystal phase. In addition to this, the  NiO nanostructures were used in the development of a zinc ion sensor electrode by functionalization with the highly selective zinc ion ionophore 12-crown-4. The developed zinc ion sensor electrode has shown a good linear potentiometric response for a wide range of zinc ion concentrations, ranging from 0.001 mM to 100 mM, with sensitivity of  36 mV/decade. The detection limit of the present zinc ion sensor was found to be  0.0005 mM and it also displays a fast response time of less than 10 s. The proposed zinc ion sensor electrode has also shown good reproducibility, repeatability, storage stability and selectivity. The zinc ion sensor based on the functionalized NiO nanostructures was also used as indicator electrode in potentiometric titrations and it has demonstrated an acceptable stoichiometric relationship for the determination of zinc ion in unknown samples. The NiO nanostructures-based zinc ion sensor has potential for analysing zinc ion in various industrial, clinical and other real samples.
authors.affiliation: Physical Electronic and Nanotechnology Division, Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden. mazhar.ali.abbasi@liu.se
authors.forename: Mazhar Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: Zafar Hussain
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ibupoto
authors.forename: Mushtaque
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Yaqoob
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Azam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nur
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willander
mesh_terms: D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D011199:Potentiometry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009532:Nickel; C028007:nickel monoxide; D015032:Zinc