title: An estimate of syphilis incidence in Eastern Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Eastern Europe experienced epidemic levels of syphilis after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Presently data are less comprehensive outside the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). This review aims to identify published papers with suitable data to estimate a regional burden of disease for syphilis in the 19 member countries of Eastern Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature review was conducted to identify published data relating to syphilis incidence in Eastern Europe through Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Google Scholar databases in addition to the latest surveillance report from the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. A total of 381 papers fitted our search criteria; 30 papers were subjected to full text analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven papers were included in this study and provided useable data for 13 out of 19 member countries. There was a high level of heterogeneity observed in the incidence rates from the member countries. Gross, population weighted and geographically subdivided incidence rate estimates were carried out but the comprehensiveness of some of the included data is doubtful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the limits of the data, the incidence of syphilis in Eastern Europe is still substantially larger than that observed in the EU15 countries. This indicates that efforts to control syphilis in Eastern Europe can be enhanced; however, such goals would require significant investment in infrastructure, technology and surveillance mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Sciences and Global Health Academy, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Liam J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: Stephen I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Middleton