title: AID in aging and autoimmune diseases.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of B cell responses in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and healthy individuals of different ages, vaccinated with the pandemic (p)2009 influenza vaccine. The in vivo response was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, which represents the most established correlate with vaccine protectiveness. The in vitro response was measured by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in cultures of vaccine-stimulated PBMC. Both responses are somewhat impaired in IBD patients undergoing anti-TNF-α treatment but these are much more decreased in IBD patients undergoing treatment with anti-TNF-α and immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. These latter patients had in vivo and in vitro B cell responses similar to those of elderly individuals. Moreover, as we have previously demonstrated in healthy subjects, the in vitro response to the polyclonal stimulus CpG may be used as a biomarker for subsequent vaccine response and AID activation is correlated with the serum response in IBD patients, as it is in healthy individuals. These results altogether indicate that IBD patients on anti-TNF-α and IS have significantly impaired in vivo and in vitro B cell responses, as compared to those on monotherapy. This is the first report to demonstrate that B cell defects, as measured by the autonomous AID reporter, in IBD patients contribute to reduced humoral responses to the influenza vaccine, as we have previously shown for elderly individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 016960, USA.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frasca
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andrisani
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Felice
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.forename: Bonnie B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Blomberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D003564:Cytidine Deaminase