title: Intraventricular antimicrobial therapy in postneurosurgical Gram-negative bacillary meningitis or ventriculitis: a hospital-based retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postneurosurgical Gram-negative bacillary meningitis (GNBM) or ventriculitis is a serious issue. Intraventricular (IVT) therapy has been applied; however, its effectiveness remains controversial, and the adverse drug effects are considerable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The demographic data, treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes of patients with postneurosurgical GNBM or ventriculitis were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2003 to 2011, data on 127 episodes of infection in 109 patients were collected, and 15 episodes in 14 patients were treated using a sequential combination of intravenous antibiotics and IVT therapy; others received intravenous antibiotics alone. The average age of patients who received a sequential combination with IVT therapy was 48.9 years, and 71.4% of the patients were men. The regimens used for IVT therapies included gentamicin (n = 4), amikacin (n = 7), and colistin (n = 4). After meningitis had been diagnosed, the average period that elapsed before initiation of IVT therapy was 25.4 days, and the average duration of IVT therapy was 13.3 days. The most frequently isolated pathogen from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was Acinetobacter baumannii, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia marcescens. The cure rate was 73.3%. Of note, the mean period to sterilize the CSF after appropriate IVT antibiotic treatment was 6.6 days. There were no incidents of seizure or chemical ventriculitis during this IVT therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study suggest that IVT antibiotic therapy is a useful option in the treatment of postneurosurgical GNBM or ventriculitis, especially for those with a treatment-refractory state.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jui-Hsing
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Chang
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Mao
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Hsi
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ta
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Hsien
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: D12129@mail.cmuh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chih-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: u702026@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mao-Wang
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058565:Cerebral Ventriculitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D057967:Infusions, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents