title: Comparing organic acids and salt derivatives as antimicrobials against selected poultry-borne Listeria monocytogenes strains in vitro.
abstract: This article reports on the antilisterial properties of selected organic acids and salt derivatives in order to suggest possible alternatives in food preservation and pathogen control in the poultry meat processing industry. The susceptibility of two Listeria monocytogenes isolates was assessed against five organic acids (lactic, acetic, malic, citric, and propionic) and two acid-salt derivatives (sorbic acid [potassium salt] and benzoic acid [sodium salt]) across a series of pH environments. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the acids were tested against the two strains by means of an agar-dilution method. In general, strain CC60 was found to be more resistant than strain CC77 to both organic acids and salts. At pH values of 7 and above, high MIC levels (low susceptibility) were noted for potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, and lactic acids, whereas susceptibility at lower pH increased reaching pH5 where the isolates were susceptible to all the organic acids tested. A small increase in pH notably reduced antimicrobial activity against the organisms. At pH 7, the isolates just about lost susceptibility to benzoic, lactic, malic, and sorbic acids. Although the activity of the majority of acids was linked to pH, some acids were not as closely related (e.g., potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, and citric acid), and this suggests that the type of organic acids plays a role in inhibition. The relatively high MICs reported for compounds that are conventionally used as preservatives against Listeria spp. raise concern. The results furthermore suggest that the type of organic acid used to set pH, and not only pH alone, plays a role in determining inhibition. It was confirmed that a "one size fits all" approach to preservation is not always effective. Furthermore, the need for microbiological data to the subspecies level to inform the selection of preservatives was highlighted.
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State Province, South Africa. rlues@cut.ac.za
authors.forename: Jan Frederick Rykers
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lues
authors.forename: Maria Magdalena
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Theron
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology*; D012492:Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005520:Food Preservatives; D012492:Salts