title: Can failure carefully observed become a springboard to success?
abstract: Since its inception, the addictions field has had a history of failure: failures in conceptualizations, in treatment, in interventions, in policies, in process as well as outcome assessment. Certain actions and activities have had a less than stellar effect which may lead to feelings of personal failure among practitioners, the tagging of processes and programs as being failures when they are not so, as well as an identification of the person being intervened with, by self and others, as being a failure or loser. This paper discusses how to define success and failure and the need to identify both the short(er) and long(er) term, as well as temporary and permanent effects, including the implications of using binary (success or failure; success and failure) and nonbinary (and in addition) categories of assessment. The need to clarify expectations and to establish goals and measurable effects are noted. Being open to accepting results which may be personally disappointing, initially, but which offer opportunities for needed changes may lead to new developments in the field and the establishment of better interventions.
authors.affiliation: Master of Public Health Program, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. madrian@the-beach.net
authors.forename: Manuella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adrian
mesh_terms: D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D012107:Research Design; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy*; D017211:Treatment Failure