title: DNA damage in human lymphocytes exposed to four food additives in vitro.
abstract: In vitro genotoxic effects of antioxidant additives, such as citric acid (CA) and phosphoric acid (PA) and their combination, as well as antimicrobial additives, such as benzoic acid (BA) and calcium propionate (CP), on human lymphocytes were determined using alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. There was a significant increase in the DNA damage in human lymphocytes after 1 h of in vitro exposure to CA, PA, BA and CP (200, 25-200, 50-500, 50-1000 μg/mL, respectively). The combination of CA and PA significantly increased the mean tail intensity at all the concentrations used (25-200 μg/mL) and significantly increased the mean tail length mainly after higher concentrations (100 and 200 μg/mL). Data in this study showed that the concentrations of food additives used induce DNA damage and PA was the most genotoxic and CA was less genotoxic additives among them.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey funal@gazi.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yüzbaşıoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Celik
mesh_terms: D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D005503:Food Additives / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D011422:Propionates / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D011422:Propionates; D019343:Citric Acid; C514136:calcium propionate; D019817:Benzoic Acid; C030242:phosphoric acid