title: Consequences of co-applying insecticides and fungicides for managing Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on onion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insecticides and fungicides are commonly co-applied in a tank mix to protect onions from onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, and foliar pathogens. Co-applications reduce production costs, but past research shows that an insecticide's performance can be reduced when co-applied with a fungicide. An evaluation was made of the effects of co-applying spinetoram, abamectin and spirotetramat with commonly used fungicides, with and without the addition of a penetrating surfactant, on onion thrips control in onion fields.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-applications of insecticides with chlorothalonil fungicides reduced thrips control by 25-48% compared with control levels provided by the insecticides alone in three of five trials. Inclusion of a penetrating surfactant at recommended rates with the insecticide and chlorothalonil fungicide did not consistently overcome this problem. Co-applications of insecticides with other fungicides did not interfere with thrips control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-applications of pesticides targeting multiple organisms should be examined closely to ensure that control of each organism is not compromised. To manage onion thrips in onion most effectively, insecticides should be applied with a penetrating surfactant, and should be applied separately from chlorothalonil fungicides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, USA. ban6@cornell.edu
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Nault
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hoepting
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019697:Onions / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D061149:Thysanoptera / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007306:Insecticides