title: Left-sided pancreatic cancer: distal pancreatectomy and its variants:  radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy and distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection.
abstract: Adenocarcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas is an aggressive malignancy, and classically there have been few survivors after surgery. Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy and distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection are new procedures for these tumors. Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy is designed to establish an operation with oncologic rationales both for the dissection planes used to achieve negative margins and the extent of node dissection. The extent of lymph node dissection is based on the descriptions of N1 lymph node drainage, and dissection planes are based on fascial planes of the retroperitoneum. Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy is modular, adjusting the posterior plane of dissection based on the position of the tumor on preoperative computed tomograms. It is also performed right to left to increase visibility and control blood supply early. Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy is not an extended pancreatectomy but brings the rationales of the modern Whipple procedure to left-sided tumors. In long-term results from our center in 47 patients, there was a high negative tangential margin rate of 89% and an actuarial overall 5-year survival rate of 35.5%. The actual 5-year survival in 23 patients was 30.4%. Distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection is a procedure for cancers that have involved the celiac axis. It is based on the fact that resection of the celiac axis may be performed without devascularizing the liver, which then receives its blood supply by the pancreaticoduodenal arcade. It is an extended pancreatectomy. Mature long term results are just becoming available. Results with distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection are mixed with some series reporting few or no long-term survivors, whereas others report long-term survival at approximately 20%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA. strasbergs@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Strasberg
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fields
mesh_terms: D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002445:Celiac Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome