title: Does a multicomponent exercise program improve dual-task performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment? A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There has been much interest in exercise interventions as a primary behavioral prevention strategy against cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent exercise program on physical and dual-task performances in community-dwelling older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty older adults (23 women) with aMCI (mean age, 76 years) were randomized to an intervention (n=25) or a control group (n=25). The intervention group received a multicomponent exercise program for 90 minutes/day, 2 days/week, or 40 times over six months. The multicomponent exercises included aerobic exercise, muscle strength training and postural balance retraining, which was conducted under multi-task conditions to stimulate attention and memory. Participants in the control group attended two health promotion education classes within six months. Physical and dual-task performances were measured before randomization and after six months. Dual-task performances using reaction times with balance and cognitive demands were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The improvement effects on dual-task performances with both balance and cognitive demands were not statistically significant: reaction time with balance demand F1,45=3.3, p=0.07, and cognitive demand F1,45=2.6, p=0.12. However, there was a significant group-by-time interaction on maximal walking speed, which decreased significantly in the control group (F1,45=5.9, p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This six-month multicomponent exercise program improved maximal walking speed in older adults with aMCI; however, it did not improve dual-task performances assessed by reaction times.
authors.affiliation: Section for Health Promotion, Department for Research and Development to Support Independent Life of Elderly, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka-machi, Obu, Aichi 4748511, Japan. makizako@ncgg.go.jp
authors.forename: Hyuma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makizako
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsutsumimoto
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001288:Attention; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D004856:Postural Balance; D055070:Resistance Training; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016138:Walking