title: An evaluation to define the role of repeat transurethral resection in a treatment algorithm for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Repeat transurethral resection (ReTUR) is an effective treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to prevent disease recurrence or progression. It also has an important role in stratifying patients according to histopathological results. Therefore, the end point of ReTUR should be considered in a treatment algorithm. We evaluated positive ReTUR to define its role in a treatment algorithm for NMIBC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A second TUR was performed in 111 patients between July 2006 and February 2010. A third TUR was performed in 31 patients with T1/a/is tumors at the second TUR. The incidence of residual disease was calculated according to the NMIBC risk levels proposed by the International Bladder Cancer Group. We used ReTUR as a general term to indicate second and third TURs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Residual disease at the second TUR was detected in 51% of the patients; it was observed in 17%, 45%, and 65% patients in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease groups, respectively (P = 0.01). Residual disease at the third TUR was detected in 48% patients; it was observed in 18% and 65% patients in the intermediate- and high-risk disease groups, respectively (P = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of residual disease correlated with the risk levels for NMIBC. In the intermediate-risk disease group, nearly complete resection was accomplished after the third TUR. However, in the high-risk disease group, a high incidence of residual disease was identified even after the third TUR. Our results provide important data that may be useful in establishing an end point in a treatment algorithm for NMIBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City Municipal Hospital, Yokohama, Japan ; Department of Urology, Yokohama Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujikawa
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yumura
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama