title: Analysis of benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disorder. However, BPPV in children has been studied less extensively than in the adult population. This is because the observation of benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus (BPPN) in children is technically very difficult and BPPV is rare in children. In this study, we present the only two cases of BPPV in children in which we successfully recorded and analyzed the BPPN.
  
  
  METHODS
  One case was an 11-year-old boy and the other was a 3-year-old girl. We analyzed their BPPN three-dimensionally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apogeotropic positional nystagmus was observed in the first case. We analyzed it to verify the presence of cupulolithiasis in the horizontal semicircular canal (HSCC). Geotropic positional nystagmus was observed in the second case, and the analyzed data indicated the presence of canalolithiasis in HSCC. Over the last decade, we have examined 3341 patients complaining of vertigo or dizziness. Among them, there were 63 children with the same complaint, so that the proportion of cases of BPPV in children was only 3% (2/63).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients complaining of vertigo or dizziness, children with BPPV are rare (3%). However, we have recorded their BPPN to confirm that BPPV does occur in children and that their characteristics of positional nystagmus are generally identical to those in adults. We emphasize that this is the first report of a child as young as 3 years old being diagnosed with BPPV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saka
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Chisako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masumura
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inohara
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakagami
mesh_terms: D065635:Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009760:Nystagmus, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D014717:Vertigo / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests