title: Management of head and neck lymphatic malformations.
abstract: Lymphatic malformations are congenital vascular malformations most commonly found in the head and neck and typically presenting early in life. Although this disease entity has been recognized for more than a century, there is currently no standardization of disease staging or classification, of treatment paradigms, or of outcome measures. A wide variety of treatment modalities have been proposed. This article reviews diagnostic, evaluation, and treatment strategies for head and neck lymphatic malformations. It also provides the reader specific information to improve treatment outcomes in patients with these lesions. Finally, it advocates for standardization of LM assessment and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105-0371, USA.
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058109:Airway Management; D002648:Child; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities / Q000628:therapy*; D009333:Neck; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D015911:Sclerotherapy