title: Intravesical treatments of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis.
abstract: Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a disabling chronic condition that affects up to 7% of women in the USA. In men, BPS/IC seems to be less common, but might be underestimated because it can be confused with chronic prostatitis. The aetiology and pathophysiology of BPS/IC are not well understood. Consequently, diagnosis and treatment is challenging and most therapies used to date are off-label. These therapies include bladder instillation with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and BCG, as well as hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Overall, botulinum neurotoxin A injection, intravesical sodium hyaluronate instillation and DMSO instillation seem to be the best-performing treatments, with response rates of 79%, 76% and 75%, respectively, and can be used effectively as second-line or third-line therapies for BPS/IC. However, additional high-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to improve the available data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraβe 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. jochen.neuhaus@ medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwalenberg
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide