title: Profiling the proteome of exhaled breath condensate in healthy smokers and COPD patients by LC-MS/MS.
abstract: Three pools of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from non-smokers plus healthy smokers (NS + HS, n = 45); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) without emphysema (COPD, n = 15) and subjects with pulmonary emphysema associated with  α(1)-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD, n = 23) were used for an exploratory proteomic  study aimed at generating fingerprints of these groups that can be used in future pathophysiological and perhaps even clinical research. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was the platform applied for this hypothesis-free investigation. Analysis of pooled specimens resulted in the production of a "fingerprint" made of 44 proteins for NS/HS; 17 for COPD and 15 for the group of AATD subjects. Several inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2; IL-12, α and β subunits, IL-15, interferon α and γ, tumor necrosis factor α); Type I and II cytokeratins; two SP-A isoforms; Calgranulin A and B and α1-antitrypsin were detected and validated through the use of surface enhanced laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometry (SELDI-MS) and/or by Western blot (WB) analysis. These results are the prelude of quantitative studies aimed at identifying which of these proteins hold promise as identifiers of differences that could distinguish healthy subjects from patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, Italy. piadarol@unipv.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fumagalli
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luisetti
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stolk
authors.forename: Pieter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hiemstra
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Capuano
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viglio
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fregonese
authors.forename: Isa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cerveri
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corana
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tinelli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iadarola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020543:Proteome; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012907:Smoking; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome