title: The principles and conduct of anaesthesia for emergency surgery.
abstract: In this second article we examine the principles underlying delivery of the components of anaesthesia. Topics considered include anaesthetic technique, management of the airway and lung ventilation, induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, patient monitoring including the place of cardiac output devices. We summarise recent research on the management of shock and sepsis syndromes including goal directed therapy and examine some controversies around intravenous fluid therapy. Finally, we discuss intra-operative awareness and challenges during emergence including peri-operative cognitive dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D058109:Airway Management; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D013502:General Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D058926:Intraoperative Awareness / Q000517:prevention & control; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012769:Shock / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics