title: Molecular systematics of Genus Atractylodes (Compositae, Cardueae): evidence from Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and trnL-F sequences.
abstract: To determine the evolutionary relationships among all members of the genus Atractylodes (Compositae, Cardueae), we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses of one nuclear DNA (nrDNA) region (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) and one chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) region (intergenic spacer region of trnL-F). In ITS and ITS + trnL-F trees, all members of Atractylodes form a monophyletic clade. Atractylodes is a sister group of the Carlina and Atractylis branch. Atractylodes species were distributed among three clades: (1) A. carlinoides (located in the lowest base of the Atractylodes phylogenetic tree), (2) A. macrocephala, and (3) the A. lancea complex, including A. japonica, A. coreana,  A. lancea, A. lancea subsp. luotianensis, and A. chinensis. The taxonomic controversy over the classification of species of Atractylodes is mainly concentrated in the A. lancea complex. In base on molecular results, the intraspecific division of Atractylodes lancea is not supported, and A. coreana should be treated as a synonym A. chinensis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China. huangluqi@263.net.
authors.forename: Hua-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Qing-Jun
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Qian-Quan
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lu-Qi
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D031174:Atractylodes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D018742:DNA, Chloroplast; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography
chemical_list: D018742:DNA, Chloroplast; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D018744:DNA, Plant