title: Hypovitaminosis D in psychiatric inpatients: clinical correlation with depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and prescribing practices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association of hypovitaminosis D with measures of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment remains unclear. This correlation and subsequent prescribing practices of vitamin D supplementation were evaluated in a population of psychiatric inpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted of 548 patients with a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level measured during hospitalization. Outcomes included the association of hypovitaminosis D with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Folstein Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores, including an evaluation of vitamin D dosing upon hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred three patients (37%) had hypovitaminosis D. The majority [183 (90%)] had moderate (10-24 ng/mL), while 20 (10%) had severe hypovitaminosis D (<10 ng/mL). There was no significant association between hypovitaminosis D and PHQ-9 or MMSE scores (p = 0.107 and p = 0.271, respectively). Overall, 33% of patients with moderate hypovitaminosis D and 45% of patients with severe hypovitaminosis D were newly prescribed vitamin D or received a dose increase. Initiation of vitamin D or increased vitamin D dose was significantly higher in patients with hypovitaminosis D (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No association was found between hypovitaminosis D and depressive symptoms or cognitive function. However, patients with hypovitaminosis D were more likely to be prescribed additional vitamin D at hospital discharge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Leedahl
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Curt B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Mundis
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Lapid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D