title: Ash of palm empty fruit bunch as a natural catalyst for promoting the CO₂ gasification reactivity of biomass char.
abstract: Palm empty fruit bunch ash (EFB-ash) was used as a natural catalyst, rich in potassium to enhance the CO2 gasification reactivity of palm shell char (PS-char). Various EFB-ash loadings (ranging from 0 to 12.5wt.%) were implemented to improve the reactivity of PS-char during CO2 gasification studies using thermogravimetric analysis. The achieved results explored that the highest gasification reactivity was devoted to 10% EFB-ash loaded char. The SEM-EDS and XRD analyses further confirmed the successful loading of EFB-ash on PS-char which contributed to promoting the gasification reactivity of char. Random pore model was applied to determine the kinetic parameters in catalytic gasification of char at various temperatures of 800-900°C. The dependence of char reaction rate on gasification temperature resulted in a straight line in Arrhenius-type plot, from which the activation energy of 158.75kJ/mol was obtained for the catalytic char gasification.
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Pooya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lahijani
authors.forename: Zainal Alimuddin
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zainal
authors.forename: Abdul Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Maedeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
mesh_terms: D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D018533:Biomass; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008956:Models, Chemical; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002606:Charcoal