title: Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on paraoxonase 1 activities and oxidative stress status in young soccer players.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of astaxanthin (Asx) on paraoxonase (PON1) activities and oxidative stress status in soccer players. Forty soccer players were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to Asx and placebo (P) group. Blood samples were obtained before, 45 and 90 days after supplementation. PON1 activity was assessed by using two substrates: paraoxon and diazoxon. The oxidative stress biomarkers were also examined: total sulphydryl group content (-SH groups), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), advanced oxidation protein products and redox balance. The significant interaction effect of supplementation and training (p < 0.05) on PON1 activity toward paraoxon was observed. The PON1 activity toward diazoxon increased in Asx group after 90 days (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in P group. SH groups content rose from pre- to post-supplementation period only in Asx group (supplementation and training, p < 0.05; training, p < 0.01). TBARS levels decreased after 45 days and increased after 90 days of regular soccer training in both groups (training, p < 0.001). Redox balance decreased significantly in response to the regular training, regardless of treatment group (training, p < 0.001). Asx supplementation might increase total SH groups content and improve PON1 activity through protection of free thiol groups against oxidative modification.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Sports Medicine Association of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baralic
authors.forename: Brizita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Djordjevic
authors.forename: Nenad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dikic
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotur-Stevuljevic
authors.forename: Slavica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spasic
authors.forename: Zorana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jelic-Ivanovic
authors.forename: Nenad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Radivojevic
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andjelkovic
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pejic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D056352:Athletes; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000097:blood; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010261:Paraoxon / Q000097:blood; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012916:Soccer; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D024341:Xanthophylls; C005948:astaxanthine; C000912:diazoxon; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human; D010261:Paraoxon