title: The representation of health professionals on governing boards of health care organizations in New York City.
abstract: The Representation of Health Professionals on Governing Boards of Health Care Organizations in New York City. The heightened importance of processes and outcomes of care-including their impact on health care organizations' (HCOs) financial health-translate into greater accountability for clinical performance on the part of HCO leaders, including their boards, during an era of health care reform. Quality and safety of care are now fiduciary responsibilities of HCO board members. The participation of health professionals on HCO governing bodies may be an asset to HCO governing boards because of their deep knowledge of clinical problems, best practices, quality indicators, and other issues related to the safety and quality of care. And yet, the sparse data that exist indicate that physicians comprise more than 20 % of the governing board members of hospitals while less than 5 % are nurses and no data exist on other health professionals. The purpose of this two-phased study is to examine health professionals' representations on HCOs-specifically hospitals, home care agencies, nursing homes, and federally qualified health centers-in New York City. Through a survey of these organizations, phase 1 of the study found that 93 % of hospitals had physicians on their governing boards, compared with 26 % with nurses, 7 % with dentists, and 4 % with social workers or psychologists. The overrepresentation of physicians declined with the other HCOs. Only 38 % of home care agencies had physicians on their governing boards, 29 % had nurses, and 24 % had social workers. Phase 2 focused on the barriers to the appointment of health professionals to governing boards of HCOs and the strategies to address these barriers. Sixteen health care leaders in the region were interviewed in this qualitative study. Barriers included invisibility of health professionals other than physicians; concerns about "special interests"; lack of financial resources for donations to the organization; and lack of knowledge and skills with regard to board governance, especially financial matters. Strategies included developing an infrastructure for preparing and getting appointed various health professionals, mentoring, and developing a personal plan of action for appointments.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Media and Policy, Hunter College, City University of New York, 425 E. 25th Street, Box 837, New York, NY, 10010, USA, diana.mason@hunter.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Diana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keepnews
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D006075:Governing Board / Q000458:organization & administration*; D058016:Health Facility Administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D008611:Mentors; D009519:New York City; D012947:Social Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data