title: Incidence and predictors of phantom shocks in implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are designed to deliver shocks or antitachycardia pacing (ATP) in the event of ventricular arrhythmias. During follow-up, some ICD recipients experience the sensation of ICD discharge in the absence of an actual discharge (phantom shock). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of phantom shocks in ICD recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 629 consecutive patients with ischaemic or dilated cardiomyopathy and prior ICD implantation were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median follow-up of 35 months, phantom shocks were reported by 5.1 % of ICD recipients (5.7 % in the primary prevention group and 3.7 % for the secondary prevention group; p=NS). In the combined group of primary and secondary prevention, there were no significant predictors of the occurrence of phantom shocks. However, in the primary prevention group, phantom shocks were related to a history of atrial fibrillation (p=0.03) and NYHA class <III (p=0.05). In the secondary prevention group, there were no significant predictors for phantom shocks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phantom shocks occur in approximately 5 % of all ICD recipients. In primary prevention patients, a relation with a history of atrial fibrillation and NYHA class <III were significant predictors for the occurrence of phantom shocks. In the secondary prevention patients, no significant predictors were found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Haaksbergerstraat 55, 7513 ER, Enschede, the Netherlands, k.kraaier@mst.nl.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kraaier
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Starrenburg
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Verheggen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Palen
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Scholten