title: Effect of superfine grinding on antidiabetic activity of bitter melon powder.
abstract: The antidiabetic activities of bitter melon powders produced with lyophilization/superfine grinding and hot air drying/normal grinding were investigated  in vivo for selecting a suitable bitter melon processing procedure. After a five-week treatment, bitter melon lyophilized superfine grinding powder (BLSP) had a higher antidiabetic activity with reducing fasting blood glucose levels from 21.40 to 12.54 mmol/L, the serum insulin levels from 40.93 to 30.74 mIU/L, and restoring activities of SOD compared with those in the bitter melon hot air drying powder (BAP) treated group. Furthermore, BLSP protected pancreatic tissues including islet beta cells and reduced the loss of islet cells. Combined with the difference of compositions in BLSP and BAP, it could be concluded that superfine grinding and lyophilization processes were beneficial for presenting the antidiabetic activity, which will provide a reference for direct utilization of bitter melon as a suitable functional food to relieve symptoms of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. ydong@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xiwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Fengjie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xinghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhiyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D029777:Momordica charantia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D011208:Powders; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione