title: Esthetic enhancements in upper blepharoplasty.
abstract: Traditional upper blepharoplasty typically involves resection of excess upper eyelid skin and muscle with or without fat excision. Well-established concepts in periorbital aging have been challenged by newer morphologic and histologic studies that have characterized the changes that occur in the various periorbital soft tissue components. Several modified or adjunctive techniques have recently emerged to improve esthetic outcomes in upper blepharoplasty. The authors review surgical technique in detail: nasal fat repositioning, orbicularis oculi preservation, increasing lateral upper eyelid fullness, lacrimal gland resuspension, internal brow elevation, and glabellar myectomy, along with complications and aftercare involved with procedures.
authors.affiliation: Center for Facial Cosmetic Surgery, University of Michigan Department of Otolaryngology, Livonia, MI 48152, USA. judy.lee@nyumc.org
authors.forename: Judy W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D000359:Aftercare / Q000379:methods; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004954:Esthetics; D005138:Eyebrows / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D015595:Skin Aging