title: Effect of denture cleansers on metal ion release and surface roughness of denture base materials.
abstract: Chemical disinfectants are usually associated with mechanical methods to remove stains and reduce biofilm formation. This study evaluated the effect of disinfectants on release of metal ions and surface roughness of commercially pure titanium, metal alloys, and heat-polymerized acrylic resin, simulating 180 immersion trials. Disk-shaped specimens were fabricated with commercially pure titanium (Tritan), nickel-chromium-molybdenum-titanium (Vi-Star), nickel-chromium (Fit Cast-SB Plus), and nickel-chromium-beryllium (Fit Cast-V) alloys. Each cast disk was invested in the flasks, incorporating the metal disk to the heat-polymerized acrylic resin. The specimens (n=5) were immersed in these solutions: sodium hypochlorite 0.05%, Periogard, Cepacol, Corega Tabs, Medical Interporous, and Polident. Deionized water was used as a control. The quantitative analysis of metal ion release was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ELAN DRC II). A surface analyzer (Surftest SJ-201P) was used to measure the surface roughness (µm). Data were recorded before and after the immersions and evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The nickel release proved most significant with the Vi-Star and Fit Cast-V alloys after immersion in Medical Interporous. There was a significant difference in surface roughness of the resin (p=0.011) after immersion. Cepacol caused significantly higher resin roughness. The immersion products had no influence on metal roughness (p=0.388). It could be concluded that the tested alloys can be considered safe for removable denture fabrication, but disinfectant solutions as Cepacol and Medical Interporous tablet for daily denture immersion should be used with caution because it caused greater resin surface roughness and greater ion release, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Resende
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Davi
authors.forename: Daniela Nair Borges
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Felipucci
authors.forename: Raphael Freitas
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Osvaldo Luiz
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Bezzon
authors.forename: Cláudia Helena
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lovato-Silva
authors.forename: Valéria Oliveira
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Pagnano
authors.forename: Helena de Freitas Oliveira
authors.initials: Hde F
authors.lastname: Paranhos
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis; D001608:Beryllium / Q000032:analysis; D001881:Borates / Q000737:chemistry; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000737:chemistry; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D019551:Dental Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003819:Denture Bases; D003820:Denture Cleansers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000032:analysis; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000497:Alloys; D001881:Borates; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D019551:Dental Disinfectants; D003764:Dental Materials; D003820:Denture Cleansers; D008670:Metals; D013431:Sulfates; C540407:corega tabs; C525450:titanium molybdenum alloy; D002857:Chromium; D019343:Citric Acid; C102654:Polident; D009532:Nickel; D008982:Molybdenum; D000535:Aluminum; D002594:Cetylpyridinium; D014025:Titanium; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D001608:Beryllium; D002710:Chlorhexidine