title: Histone displacement during nucleotide excision repair.
abstract: Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is an important DNA repair mechanism required for cellular resistance against UV light and toxic chemicals such as those found in tobacco smoke. In living cells, NER efficiently detects and removes DNA lesions within the large nuclear macromolecular complex called chromatin. The condensed nature of chromatin inhibits many DNA metabolizing activities, including NER. In order to promote efficient repair, detection of a lesion not only has to activate the NER pathway but also chromatin remodeling. In general, such remodeling is thought on the one hand to precede NER, thus allowing repair proteins to efficiently access DNA. On the other hand, after completion of the repair, the chromatin must be returned to its previous undamaged state. Chromatin remodeling can refer to three separate but interconnected processes, histone post-translational modifications, insertion of histone variants and histone displacement (including nucleosome sliding). Here we review current knowledge, and speculate about current unknowns, regarding those chromatin remodeling activities that physically displace histones before, during and after NER.
authors.affiliation: Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. cdi@cancer.dk.
authors.forename: Christoffel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dinant
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bartek
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bekker-Jensen
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D056488:Histone Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D056488:Histone Chaperones; D006657:Histones; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate