title: Forty years on: childhood intelligence predicts health in middle adulthood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether childhood general intelligence, fluid intelligence (Gf), and crystallized intelligence (Gc) predict various health outcomes in middle adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective longitudinal study followed a nationally representative sample of 717 Luxembourgers. Intelligence and socioeconomic status (SES) were measured at age 12; physical, functional, and subjective health were assessed at age 52.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Childhood general intelligence and fluid intelligence showed substantial positive effects on adult health outcomes, whereas the corresponding effects of crystallized intelligence were considerably smaller.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood intelligence incrementally predicts various dimensions of adult health across 40 years-even in a country in which all citizens are guaranteed access to high-quality health care.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Educational Measurement and Applied Cognitive Science, University of Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wrulich
authors.affiliation: Centre for Educational Measurement and Applied Cognitive Science, University of Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Columbia University.
authors.forename: Gertraud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.affiliation: Centre for Educational Measurement and Applied Cognitive Science, University of Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schalke
authors.affiliation: Centre for Educational Measurement and Applied Cognitive Science, University of Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Centre for Educational Measurement and Applied Cognitive Science, University of Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012923:Social Class