title: Bioserotypes and virulence markers of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus).
abstract: Yersinia enterocolitica is the causative agent of yersiniosis in different animal species and in humans. Food contaminated with Y. enterocolitica is the main source of infection for humans, and swine plays a major role in the transmission of the disease. There are a limited  number of reports of the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in wild animals and birds. This study characterized virulence markers associated with Y. enterocolitica isolates recovered from mallards and pheasants. Y. enterocolitica strains were isolated from 5 (11.11%) of 45  mallards originating from a cold culture (peptone, sorbitol, and bile salts medium) belonging to biotype 1A. Serotyping showed that three of these five serotypes represented serotype O:8, one belonged to serotype O:5, and one did not agglutinate with any of the sera and was classified as nonidentified.  Molecular analysis for virulence markers detected the ystB gene, which encodes an enterotoxin, in five isolates. Y. enterocolitica was not detected in any of the 16 examined pheasants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland. a.bancerz-kisiel@uwm.edu.pl
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bancerz-Kisiel
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szczerba-Turek
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lipczyńska
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stenzel
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Szweda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D004372:Ducks / Q000382:microbiology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D046094:Galliformes / Q000382:microbiology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D012703:Serotyping; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics; D015008:Yersinia enterocolitica / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors