title: The association between serum uric acid and renal damage in a community-based population: the Takahata study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for end-stage renal disease. This study examined the association between serum uric acid and renal damage in a community-based population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study 3126 subjects without renal insufficiency were recruited at baseline and were followed for one year. The urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and β2-microglobulin-creatinine ratio (UBCR) in morning spot urine samples were used as indices of either glomerular (UACR) or tubular (UBCR) damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean value of serum uric acid (mg/dL) was 5.8 ± 1.3 (SD) in men and 4.5 ± 1.1 in women. In cross-sectional analysis the increased serum uric acid levels were accompanied by higher UACR values in both men and women (P < 0.01). In contrast, UBCR values were reduced when uric acid levels increased in both men and women (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that albuminuria (UACR ≥ 30 mg/g) was significantly associated with increased uric acid (≥7 mg/dL for men, ≥6 mg/dL for women). High UBCR (≥300 μg/g) was negatively associated with uric acid in men, but not in women, after adjustment for possible confounders. In longitudinal analysis in 1388 subjects multiple linear regression analysis showed that uric acid at baseline was an independent factor for one-year increase of UACR [coefficient 4.80 (95 % confidence interval 0.40-9.33) (mg/g) per 1 mg/dL increase in uric acid, P = 0.033].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that serum uric acid concentration was positively associated with UACR, suggesting that uric acid may be related to glomerular damage in a community-based population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konta
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kayama
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D014527:Uric Acid; D003404:Creatinine