title: Disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts in Australian adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the presence and type of disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts in a combined male/female Australian sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and examine the association of eating behaviours and thoughts with glycaemic control as evidenced by high glycosylated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 124 adolescents aged 13-18  years were invited to complete three self-administered questionnaires. The Youth Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (YEDE-Q) and the Eating Disorder Inventory -3 Risk Composite (EDI-3RC) assessed risk for an eating disorder. The third questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) assessed emotional and behavioural concerns. Clinical data were collected from the medical records, routine clinic appointments and the adolescent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Any disturbed eating behaviour was reported by approximately one-third of participants (32.3%) and was common in females and males (37.9% vs. 25.9%). Binge eating (17.7%), driven exercise (13.0%) and dietary restraint (8.9%) were the most common disturbed eating behaviours, although restraint was not evident in males. Insulin manipulation/omission (5.6%), vomiting (3.3%), laxative (0.8%) or diuretic use (0.8%) were less common. Regression analysis showed a significant association between HbA1c and more disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts which remained significant when adjusted for confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High rates of disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts were seen in this Australian sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. High scores on both eating disorder measures were associated with poorer glycaemic control. These results highlight the need to screen for disordered eating in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Diabetes Centre, Mater Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. helen.demden@mater.org.au
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: d'Emden
authors.forename: Libby
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gledhill
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cotterill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin