title: Impact of glycaemic index and dietary fibre on insulin sensitivity during the refeeding phase of a weight cycle in young healthy men.
abstract: Previous studies suggest that a low-glycaemic index (LGI) diet may improve insulin sensitivity (IS). As IS has been shown to decrease during refeeding, we hypothesised that an LGI- v. high-GI (HGI) diet might have favourable effects during this phase. In a controlled nutritional intervention study, sixteen healthy men (aged 26·8 (SD 4·1) years, BMI 23·0 (SD 1·7) kg/m2) followed 1 week of overfeeding, 3 weeks of energy restriction and of 2 weeks refeeding at ^50% energy requirement (50% carbohydrates, 35% fat and 15% protein). During refeeding, subjects were divided into two matched groups receiving either high-fibre LGI or lower-fibre HGI foods (GI 40 v. 74, fibre intake 65 (SD 6) v. 27 (SD 4) g/d). Body weight was equally regained in both groups with refeeding (mean regain 70·5 (SD 28·0)% of loss). IS was improved by energy restriction and decreased with refeeding. The decreases in IS were greater in the HGI than in the LGIgroup (group £ time interactions for insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), Matsuda IS index (MatsudaISI);all P,0·05). Mean interstitial glucose profiles during the day were also higher in the HGI group (DAUCHGI-LGI of continuous interstitial glucose monitoring: 6·6 mmol/l per 14 h, P¼0·04). At the end of refeeding, parameters of IS did not differ from baseline values in either diet group (adiponectin, insulin, HOMAIR, Matsuda ISI, M-value; all P.0·05). In conclusion, nutritional stress imposed by dietary restriction and refeeding reveals a GI/fibre effect in healthy non-obese subjects. LGI foods rich in fibre may improve glucose metabolism during the vulnerable refeeding phase of a weight cycle.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Merit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lagerpusch
authors.forename: Janna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Enderle
authors.forename: Wiebke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Later
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eggeling
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: Manfred J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosy-Westphal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004435:Eating; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult