title: Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 with the modified green tea polyphenol palmitoyl-epigallocatechin gallate.
abstract: Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a strong antioxidant that has previously been shown to reduce the number of plaques in HIV-infected cultured cells. Modified EGCG, palmitoyl-EGCG (p-EGCG), is of interest as a topical antiviral agent for herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infections. This study evaluated the effect of p-EGCG on HSV-infected Vero cells. Results of cell viability and cell proliferation assays indicate that p-EGCG is not toxic to cultured Vero cells and show that modification of the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with palmitate increases the effectiveness of EGCG as an antiviral agent. Furthermore, p-EGCG is a more potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) than EGCG and can be topically applied to skin, one of the primary tissues infected by HSV. Viral binding assay, plaque forming assay, PCR, real-time PCR, and fluorescence microscopy were used to demonstrate that p-EGCG concentrations of 50 μM and higher block the production of infectious HSV-1 particles. p-EGCG was found to inhibit HSV-1 adsorption to Vero cells. Thus, p-EGCG may provide a novel treatment for HSV-1 infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Sandra D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Lee H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sean R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tin-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014709:Vero Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D013662:Tea; C414831:UL46 protein, Human herpesvirus 1; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C039447:glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate