title: Super-resolution photon-efficient imaging by nanometric double-helix point spread function localization of emitters (SPINDLE).
abstract: Super-resolution imaging with photo-activatable or photo-switchable probes is a promising tool in biological applications to reveal previously unresolved intra-cellular details with visible light. This field benefits from developments in the areas of molecular probes, optical systems, and computational post-processing of the data. The joint design of optics and reconstruction processes using double-helix point spread functions (DH-PSF) provides high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging over a long depth-of-field. We demonstrate for the first time a method integrating a Fisher information efficient DH-PSF design, a surface relief optical phase mask, and an optimal 3D localization estimator. 3D super-resolution imaging using photo-switchable dyes reveals the 3D microtubule network in mammalian cells with localization precision approaching the information theoretical limit over a depth of 1.2 µm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. Ginni.Grover@colorado.edu
authors.forename: Ginni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: DeLuca
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quirin
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeLuca
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piestun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D017785:Photons