title: Simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I alters the proviral load and biodistribution of simian retrovirus type 2 in co-infected macaques, supporting advancement of immunosuppressive pathology.
abstract: The infection dynamics and pathology of a retrovirus may be altered by one or more additional viruses. To investigate this further, this study characterized proviral load, biodistribution and the immune response in Macaca fascicularis naturally infected with combinations of simian retrovirus type 2 (SRV-2) and simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I). As the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and the spleen have been implicated previously in response to retroviral infection, the morphology and immunopathology of these tissues were assessed. The data revealed a significant change in SRV-2 biodistribution in macaques infected with STLV-I. Pathological changes were greater in the MLN and spleen of STLV-I-infected and co-infected macaques compared with the other groups. Immune-cell populations in co-infected macaque spleens were increased and there was an atypical distribution of B-cells. These findings suggest that the infection dynamics of each virus in a co-infected individual may be affected to a different extent and that STLV-I appears to be responsible for enhancing the biodistribution and associated pathological changes in SRV-2 in macaques.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
authors.forename: Jane L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Mee
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wigglesworth
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
authors.forename: Ghazi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auda
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
authors.forename: Neil M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Almond
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
authors.forename: Nicola J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006800:Deltaretrovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000821:virology; D007668:Kidney / Q000821:virology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000821:virology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D016093:Mason-Pfizer monkey virus / Q000502:physiology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015303:Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D019562:Viral Load