title: Effect of post-brushing mouthwash solutions on salivary fluoride retention--study 2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effects of three post-brushing mouthwashes containing 0 ppm F, 225 ppm F, and 500 ppm F, respectively, on salivary fluoride retention after brushing with 1450 ppm fluoride (as NaF) toothpaste and rinsing with water immediately after brushing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this three-phase, randomized, cross-over study, an ion-specific electrode was used to measure salivary F levels in thirty trial participants before brushing (Time 0), and after brushing, rinsing with water, and then rinsing with one of the three mouthwashes. Time points evaluated after brushing were one, three, five, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. For saliva sample collections, subjects were asked to pool saliva in their mouths for 10 seconds before spitting out into a container for each of the time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AUC0-60 means for F in saliva were 554, 252, and 20 for the 500, 225, and 0 ppm F mouthwash groups, respectively. The 500 ppm F mouthwash resulted in a 2660% increase in total fluoride salivary retention over 60 minutes when compared with the 0 ppm F group, and a 120% increase when compared with the 225 ppm F group. A significant difference (p < 0.001) in the AUC0-60 means between the three groups was observed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Paired t-tests also showed significant differences in the mean fluoride retention over 60 minutes for all three pair-wise group comparisons (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of a fluoride mouthwash containing 225 ppm F or 500 ppm F produced a significant increase in salivary fluoride retention following brushing with a 1450 ppm F toothpaste and rinsing with water compared to rinsing without fluoride. The use of the 500 ppm F mouthwash may be of particular benefit to those at high caries risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Research and School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Komarov
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Pretty
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ellwood
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birkhed
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Flannigan
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Higham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014100:Toothpastes; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides