title: Novel agents, combinations and sequences for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma: When is the revolution coming?
abstract: Biological agents, such as multikinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, have replaced immunotherapy as the standard of care for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Several clinical trials have been performed, aimed to identify new feasible therapeutic targets. AKT, PI3K, STAT3, NOTCH-1, α5β1-integrin, CD70 and G250 are just examples of these opening frontiers. Novel agents, combination and sequences are emerging from the 887 clinical studies presently in course in mRCC to optimize patient outcomes. This report not includes studies on chemotherapy, local approaches, immunotherapy, surgical trials and other categories, but provides an update on ongoing phase I, II and III trials and preliminary results on targeted agents, used alone, in sequences or in combination for mRCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-GM Lancisi and G Salesi, Ancona, Italy. mattymo@alice.it
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.forename: Mimma
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burattini
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carteni
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cascinu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015507:Drugs, Investigational; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases