title: In vivo investigation of the efficiency of a nanoparticle-emulsion containing polihexanide on the human skin.
abstract: Skin antisepsis is a key element for the prevention of surgical site infections, as well as for infections after injection and punctures. Recent investigations have shown that about 25% of the resident bacterial flora of the human skin resides within the hair follicle. These findings strongly suggest that the skin appendages play the role of a bacterial reservoir. The bacteria within the hair follicles therefore may be the cause of endogenous germ repopulation after skin antisepsis, highlighting the need for new antiseptic formulations that can sufficiently penetrate into the hair follicles. Various experiments have found that nano-sized particles as well as oil-in-water emulsions are efficient carriers for substances into the hair follicles. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo antiseptic potential of the particle-associated and aqueous polihexanide on the human skin by monitoring bacterial growth after antisepsis over a period of 2.5h. The experiments suggest that the use of a particle-bound antiseptic can achieve a better and longer lasting antisepsis of the human skin than in non-particulate form.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. miriamu@gmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulmer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patzelt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vergou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sterry
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Czaika
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lademann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001645:Biguanides / Q000737:chemistry*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004203:Disinfection / Q000295:instrumentation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004655:Emulsions; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001645:Biguanides; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004655:Emulsions; D010743:Phospholipids; C008288:Lipofundin; C031233:polihexanide; D013012:Sorbitol