title: The annexin A2/S100A10 system in health and disease: emerging paradigms.
abstract: Since its discovery as a src kinase substrate more than three decades ago, appreciation for the physiologic functions of annexin A2 and its associated proteins has increased dramatically. With its binding partner S100A10 (p11), A2 forms a cell surface complex that regulates generation of the primary fibrinolytic protease, plasmin, and is dynamically regulated in settings of hemostasis and thrombosis. In addition, the complex is transcriptionally upregulated in hypoxia and promotes pathologic neoangiogenesis in the tissues such as the retina. Dysregulation of both A2 and p11 has been reported in examples of rodent and human cancer. Intracellularly, A2 plays a critical role in endosomal repair in postarthroplastic osteolysis, and intracellular p11 regulates serotonin receptor activity in psychiatric mood disorders. In human studies, the A2 system contributes to the coagulopathy of acute promyelocytic leukemia, and is a target of high-titer autoantibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, cerebral thrombosis, and possibly preeclampsia. Polymorphisms in the human ANXA2 gene have been associated with stroke and avascular osteonecrosis of bone, two severe complications of sickle cell disease. Together, these new findings suggest that manipulation of the annexin A2/S100A10 system may offer promising new avenues for treatment of a spectrum of human disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hedhli
authors.forename: Domenick J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.forename: Bihui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cesarman-Maus
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Stella E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tsirka
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santambrogio
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hajjar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017306:Annexin A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004194:Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099248:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A10
chemical_list: D017306:Annexin A2; D009418:S100 Proteins; D000099248:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A10