title: Population pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in pigs.
abstract: This study was performed in 145 pigs to develop a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model by i.m. administration of cefquinome (CEQ) at the dose of 2 mg/kg in the neck muscle. Serum physiological and biochemical parameters for each pig were determined before administration. After administration, 2-4 samples were collected at random, with the sampling point evenly distributed in the three periods (<1 h, 1-4 h and >4 h). The plasma concentration of CEQ was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector. The pharmacostatistical analyses of concentration-time data, weight, age, gender, serum physiological and biochemical parameters were performed with nonlinear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM). A one-compartmental model with first-order absorption and elimination adequately described the data from the study group. The optimal random effect model of pharmacokinetics parameters was of log-normal distribution and the residual errors assumed a mixed-type model (proportional and additive) to best explain intra-individual variability. Covariate analysis showed that body weight is positively correlated with apparent volume of distribution (V/F) and body clearance (CL/F). The typical PPK parameters of Ka , CL, and V were 0.564/h, 5.15 L/h, and 1.36 L, respectively.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Z C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; C068212:cefquinome