title: Effect of allopurinol on cardiovascular incidence among hypertensive nephropathy patients: the Gonryo study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aimed to clarify the beneficial effect of allopurinol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a cohort of hypertensive nephropathy patients with impaired kidney function.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-eight patients diagnosed with hypertensive nephropathy and presenting with impaired kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) were recruited from nephrology clinics. Oral allopurinol was prescribed in 67 of these patients. The effects of allopurinol use on the development of cardiovascular disease (i.e. ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke) and all-cause death was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up of 18.4 months (mean), 28 primary events occurred. Basal use of allopurinol was a significant beneficial factor (hazard ratio = 0.342, p = 0.0434, standard error = 0.53058) after adjusting for confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of allopurinol in hypertensive subjects with impaired kidney function appears to be beneficial in preventing cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality, indicating that this xanthine oxidase inhibitor protects the vascular system, at least in this specific group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan. terawaki@fmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terawaki
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Yaeko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Toshinobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taguma
authors.forename: Sadayoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009393:Nephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000493:Allopurinol