title: Nurse-led flexible cystoscopy in Australia: initial experience and early results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  • To present our initial experience implementing a nurse-led flexible cystoscopy (NLFC) service in a Victorian tertiary hospital and our initial results from that service, as NLFC has developed over the past decade with reports suggesting that adequately trained nurses can undertake FC competently.
  
  
  METHODS
  • We describe the implementation of a NLFC service including approval, funding, nurses' training, and protocols. • Outcomes of all patients having a NLFC or subsequent interventions were recorded prospectively and analysed retrospectively. • To gauge patients' response to NLFC, an anonymous feedback questionnaire was administered to 60 consecutive participating patients in the recovery unit. • The effect of NLFC on waiting times was determined from surgical scheduling records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  • In all, 272 patients had 720 NLFC done over a 2-year period. In all, 150 (21%) FCs had a suspected bladder cancer recurrence and were referred for a rigid cystoscopy. Of those, 83 (58%) revealed a recurrence comprising of 14 (17%) high-grade lesions, 45 (54%) low-grade lesions and 24 (29%) were diathermied without a biopsy. In all, 41 (27%) had benign pathology on biopsy and 21 (14%) had normal rigid cystoscopy. • There were two significant adverse events. • There was a 65% reduction in the waiting list for surveillance FC after introduction of the service. • Of 60 patients who completed the feedback questionnaire, 95% reported that they were given enough information by the nurses, 92% had all their questions answered satisfactorily and 97% had enough confidence and trust in the nurse. In all, 90% had a positive perception of the service overall and 93% were happy to have a FC performed by a nurse rather than a doctor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Results from our NLFC audit compare favourably with other published reports. NLFC is a safe and feasible option when established alongside strong departmental support, comprehensive nurses' training according to established guidelines, service supervision by a designated consultant and regular audits. • NLFC clinics can provide an efficient service and excellent continuity of care for patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sapre
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bugeja
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Niall M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020684:Cystoscopes; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses'; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000451:nursing; D014739:Victoria