title: What does it take to synergistically combine sub-potent natural products into drug-level potent combinations?
abstract: There have been renewed interests in natural products as drug discovery sources. In particular, natural product combinations have been extensively studied, clinically tested, and widely used in traditional, folk and alternative medicines. But opinions about their therapeutic efficacies vary from placebo to synergistic effects. The important questions are whether synergistic effects can sufficiently elevate therapeutic potencies to drug levels, and by what mechanisms and at what odds such combinations can be assembled. We studied these questions by analyzing literature-reported cell-based potencies of 190 approved anticancer and antimicrobial drugs, 1378 anticancer and antimicrobial natural products, 99 natural product extracts, 124 synergistic natural product combinations, and 122 molecular interaction profiles of the 19 natural product combinations with collective potency enhanced to drug level or by >10-fold. Most of the evaluated natural products and combinations are sub-potent to drugs. Sub-potent natural products can be assembled into combinations of drug level potency at low probabilities by distinguished multi-target modes modulating primary targets, their regulators and effectors, and intracellular bioavailability of the active natural products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Chu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Kai Leng
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Cun Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chun Yan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Yu Zong
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D004338:Drug Combinations