title: Effect of subthalamic nucleus stimulation during exercise on the mesolimbocortical dopaminergic region in Parkinson's disease: a positron emission tomography study.
abstract: To elucidate the dynamic effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during activity on the dopaminergic system, 12 PD patients who had STN-DBS operations at least 1 month prior, underwent two positron emission tomography scans during right-foot movement in DBS-off and DBS-on conditions. To quantify motor performance changes, the motion speed and mobility angle of the foot at the ankle were measured twice. Estimations of the binding potential of [(11)C]raclopride (BP(ND)) were based on the Logan plot method. Significant motor recovery was found in the DBS-on condition. The STN-DBS during exercise significantly reduced the [(11)C]raclopride BP(ND) in the caudate and the nucleus accumbens (NA), but not in the dorsal or ventral putamen. The magnitude of dopamine release in the NA correlated negatively with the magnitude of motor load, indicating that STN-DBS facilitated motor behavior more smoothly and at less expense to dopamine neurons in the region. The lack of dopamine release in the putamen and the significant dopamine release in the ventromedial striatum by STN-DBS during exercise indicated dopaminergic activation occurring in the motivational circuit during action, suggesting a compensatory functional activation of the motor loop from the nonmotor to the motor loop system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Etsuji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: Tae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Tatsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Namba
authors.forename: Yasuomi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ouchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D020891:Raclopride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011859:Radiography; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D020891:Raclopride; D004298:Dopamine