title: Genetic association of interleukin-1β (-511C/T) and its receptor antagonist (86-bpVNTR) gene polymorphism with susceptibility to bacteremia in kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacteremia remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation. The present study was conducted to determine the influence of the polymorphisms of interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) and IL-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN) on the susceptibility to bacteremia within the first year after kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one bacteremic and 60 noninfected kidney transplant recipients, underwent extraction genomic DNA, from peripheral blood leukocytes. The region containing the AvaI polymorphic site at position -511 of 1L-I β gene was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently digested with AvaI restriction enzyme. The polymorphic regions within intron 2 of IL-1RN, containing variable numbers of a tandem repeat of 86 base pairs, were amplified by PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed greater frequency of the IL-1 β -511CC genotype and IL-1 β -511C allele among bacteremic versus noninfected recipients (P = .023 and P = .015, respectively). In contrast, the current study failed to show significant difference, either in genotypic or allelic frequency, for the IL-1RN polymorphisms regarding the incidence of bacteremia (P = .508 and P = .507, respectively). After adjustment we observed recipient IL-1 β -511CC genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 4.400, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.517-12.759, P = .006) and recipient IL-1 β-511C allele (OR = 2.444, 95% Cl = 1.172-5.100, P = .015) to predict independently the risk for bacteremia within the first year after kidney transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present work provided evidence that recipient IL-1 β -511CC genotype or IL-1 β -511C allele was associated with susceptibility to bacteremia within the first year after kidney transplantation. These results suggested that genotyping data may afford a more accurate prediction of bacteremia and the design of strategies to protect the most vulnerable patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. wangshaofachina@163.com
authors.forename: Q Q
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Q F
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta