title: Azadirachta indica mitigates behavioral impairments, oxidative damage, histological alterations and apoptosis in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model of rats.
abstract: Azadirachta indica Linn. (Meliaceae) has been used from ancient times as a remedy for various ailments. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of A. indica seed extract (ASE) in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Antioxidant potential of ASE was determined in vitro. Further, ASE was evaluated against neurological deficits, histological alterations (TTC, CV and H&E) and oxidative damage (TBARS, GSH and nitrite) in MCAO rats. Moreover, caspase-3 and -9 were analyzed to evaluate the anti-apoptotic activity of ASE. ASE has shown potent in vitro reducing power (126.2 mg AsAE/g extract) and free radical scavenging activities (DPPH 171.0 and NO 176.0 μg/ml). Furthermore, ASE inhibited oxidative stress and decreased the activities of caspase-3 (26.7 %, p < 0.05) and caspase-9 (31.2 %, p < 0.01) thus, reduced neuronal loss in MCAO rats. Our data revealed that ASE has potent antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, and may be explored for its active constituents against neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-DRS funded Department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vaibhav
authors.forename: Pallavi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.forename: Andleeb
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Hayate
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Javed
authors.forename: Rizwana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tabassum
authors.forename: Md Ejaz
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: M Badruzzaman
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moshahid Khan
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Sayeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: M Saeed
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: Mohammed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Safhi
authors.forename: Fakhrul
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D031601:Azadirachta; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts