title: Antitumour effect of sesquiterpene (+)-chabranol on four human cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis and autophagy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects and mechanisms of sesquiterpene (+)-chabranol on proliferation of a panel of four human tumour cell lines (BGC-823, SGC-7901, SSMC-7721 and HepG2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was assessed using a standard methyltetrazolium assay; cell-cycle analysis  of BGC-823 cells was performed by flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the ultrastructure of BGC-823 cells exposed to (+)-chabranol. Apoptosis was investigated by evaluating DNA laddering, using gel electrophoresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (+)-Chabranol had a marked  time- and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on BGC-823 cell proliferation. The effect was less marked in SGC-7901, SSMC-7721 and HepG2 cells. Exposure of BGC-823 cells to (+)-chabranol arrested the cell cycle at G(1). Evidence of apoptosis and autophagy was observed by TEM;  DNA laddering in BGC-823 cells supported the presence of apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that (+)-chabranol has antitumour activity against BGC-823 cells, and may exert its action by inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis and autophagy. With further development,  (+)-chabranol may represent a potential novel treatment for poorly differentiated gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; C545600:chabranol