title: Deca-brominated diphenyl ether destruction and PBDD/F and PCDD/F emissions from coprocessing deca-BDE mixture-contaminated soils in cement kilns.
abstract: The disposal of soil contaminated with polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) was studied using an industrial coprocessing cement kiln. Two tests, Test 1 and Test 2, studied the destruction, removal, and emissions of PBDE in soils with PBDE concentrations of 4160 and 25,000 mg/kg, respectively. Emissions of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were also quantified. The PBDE destruction and removal efficiencies for Tests 1 and 2 were 99.9997% and 99.9998%, respectively. PBDE stack gas concentrations were 39.1 and 85.9 ng/Nm³ for Tests 1 and 2, respectively. The mean PBDD/F TEQ stack gas concentrations related to Tests 1 and 2 were 11.0 and 11.4 pg/Nm³, and PBDFs contributed 60.0-64.2% of the total PBDD/F concentrations. 2,3,7,8-TeBDD made the greatest contribution to the total PBDD/Fs, 40%, of all the homologues. The mean PCDD/F TEQ stack gas concentrations in Tests 1 and 2 were 0.74 and 0.65 pg/Nm³. The total PBDE, PBDD/F, and PCDD/F TEQ at the kiln outlet was 0.006% and 0.001% of the feed material TEQ. Therefore, coprocessing heavily PBDE-contaminated soils in a cement kiln is a highly efficient and environmentally sound treatment technology.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Yufei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qifei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhenwu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003252:Construction Materials; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D005740:Gases; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012989:Soil Pollutants