title: Application of empirical mode decomposition (emd) for automated detection of epilepsy using EEG signals.
abstract: Epilepsy is a global disease with considerable incidence due to recurrent unprovoked seizures. These seizures can be noninvasively diagnosed using electroencephalogram (EEG), a measure of neuronal electrical activity in brain recorded along scalp. EEG is highly nonlinear, nonstationary and non-Gaussian in nature. Nonlinear adaptive models such as empirical mode decomposition (EMD) provide intuitive understanding of information present in these signals. In this study a novel methodology is proposed to automatically classify EEG of normal, inter-ictal and ictal subjects using EMD decomposition. EEG decomposition using EMD yields few intrinsic mode functions (IMF), which are amplitude and frequency modulated (AM and FM) waves. Hilbert transform of these IMF provides AM and FM frequencies. Features such as spectral peaks, spectral entropy and spectral energy in each IMF are extracted and fed to decision tree classifier for automated diagnosis. In this work, we have compared the performance of classification using two types of decision trees (i) classification and regression tree (CART) and (ii) C4.5. We have obtained the highest average accuracy of 95.33%, average sensitivity of 98%, and average specificity of 97% using C4.5 decision tree classifier. The developed methodology is ready for clinical validation on large databases and can be deployed for mass screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Roshan Joy
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martis
authors.forename: U Rajendra
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Jen Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petznick
authors.forename: Ratna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanti
authors.forename: Chua Kuang
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: E Y K
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003663:Decision Trees; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted