title: A periconceptional energy-rich dietary pattern is associated with early fetal growth: the Generation R study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify periconceptional maternal dietary patterns associated with crown-rump length (CRL), estimated fetal weight (EFW) and birthweight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based prospective birth cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, 847 pregnant Dutch women were eligible. Women were included between 2001 and 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on nutritional intake was collected by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. For extracting dietary patterns, principal component factor analysis was used. Fetal growth was assessed using ultrasound measurements. Information on birth outcomes was retrieved from medical records. Multivariate regression analyses were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crown-to-rump length, estimated fetal weight in second and third trimester and birthweight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An 'energy-rich dietary pattern' was identified, characterised by high intakes of bread, margarine and nuts. A significant association was shown between a high adherence to this dietary pattern (difference, mm: 2.15, 95% confidence interval 0.79-3.50) and CRL (linear trend analyses P = 0.015). No association was revealed between increasing adherence to this dietary pattern and EFW in second or third trimester, or birthweight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that increasing adherence to an energy-rich dietary pattern is associated with increased CRL in the first trimester.
authors.affiliation: Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Bouwland-Both
authors.forename: R P M
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Steegers-Theunissen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vujkovic
authors.forename: E M E H
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lesaffre
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Mook-Kanamori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindemans
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Russcher
authors.forename: V W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.forename: E A P
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Steegers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D016742:Preconception Care / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011446:Prospective Studies