title: Comparison of influence of different manufacturing methods on the cleaning efficiency of rotary nickel-titanium files.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare cleaning effectiveness of TwistedFile, GT series X, Revo-S, RaCe, Mtwo, and ProTaper Universal rotary files in curved canals. Seventy mesiobuccal canals of extracted human first maxillary molars were divided into seven groups of 10 samples each. Canals were prepared with six nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary systems and manual K-Flexofile. Irrigation was performed with 2 mL 2.5% NaOCl solution after each file, and 5 mL 2.5% NaOCl was used for the final flush. After the roots were split longitudinally, the presence of debris and smear layer was visualized using scanning electron microscopic photomicrographs taken at coronal, middle, and apical third. Mean scores for debris and the smear layer were calculated and statistically analyzed for significance between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance (P < 0.05) and Mann-Whitney U test (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of debris and smear layer scores (P > 0.05). Without considering the preparation method used, while no statistically significant difference was found between the coronal third and the middle third (P > 0.05), higher amount of debris and smear layer were found in apical third (P = 0.001). The new generation of NiTi rotary files including the Twisted File and GT Series X presented similar cleaning effectiveness compared with traditionally ground NiTi rotary files.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Davut
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taşdemir
authors.forename: Kürşat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Er
mesh_terms: D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009532:Nickel / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D016369:Smear Layer; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium