title: Mouse strain and quality control testing: improved sensitivity of the mouse embryo assay with embryos from outbred mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative sensitivities of embryos from different strains of mice to in vitro stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory experiment with embryos from different mouse strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital-based fertility clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh one-cell embryos from outbred (CF1), inbred (FVB), F1 hybrid (B6/CBA), and cryopreserved F2 hybrid embryos (bcl/B6 × B6/bcl) compared in a mouse embryo assay (MEA) using six doses of each of three in vitro stressors: cumene hydroperoxide in mineral oil, Triton X-100 (TX-100) in media, and hyperosmolality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blastocyst rate at 96 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All studies were conducted in triplicate; data were analyzed with chi-square analysis based on fitting a logistic regression model. Both cumene hydroperoxide and Triton X-100 affected blastocyst formation in the outbred strain at concentrations that were less than half of the concentration that affected the other strains. The total number of cells was affected by the treatments in all strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outbred CF1 embryos are genetically diverse and more sensitive to toxins than either inbred or hybrid mouse embryos. Outbred embryos provide an additional tool for effective quality-control testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Zaraq
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Heather S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Jolene R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fredrickson
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Gaurang S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Daftary
authors.forename: Dean E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Morbeck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021461:Animals, Outbred Strains; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D002678:Chimera; D003902:Detergents / Q000633:toxicity; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000633:toxicity; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011786:Quality Control; D018456:Reproductive Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D003902:Detergents; D016877:Oxidants; D017830:Octoxynol; C007164:cumene hydroperoxide