title: Feasibility and efficacy of progressive resistance training and dietary supplements in radiotherapy treated head and neck cancer patients--the DAHANCA 25A study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) often lose a considerable amount of muscle mass following the disease and treatment. This is an independent mortality predictor, lowering muscle strength and functional performance. Progressive resistance training (PRT) increases muscle mass among healthy individuals and groups of cancer patients, but it has not been investigated in HNSCC patients. Furthermore, studies in healthy subjects show an additive effect of protein and creatine supplementation following PRT.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Firstly, to investigate the feasibility of 12 weeks of PRT ± protein and creatine supplementation among HNSCC patients. Secondly, to investigate group changes over time and group differences regarding lean body mass (LBM), muscle strength and functional performance following PRT ± dietary supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients were randomized into two groups: a PROCR group undergoing a seven-day pre-trial creatine loading protocol followed by 12 weeks of PRT with creatine and protein supplementation and a PLA group undergoing a seven-day pre-trial placebo ingestion protocol followed by an identical PRT protocol with placebo supplementation. Before the pre-trial and pre- and post-PRT evaluation of LBM, maximal isometric and isokinetic muscle strength and functional performance were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy percent of the patients completed the intervention and the PRT adherence rate was 97%. No significant group differences were found in any endpoints. From pre- to post-PRT, LBM increased significantly in the PROCR group by 2.6 ± 2.2 kg (p < 0.0001) and increased in the PLA group (1.3 ± 1.1 kg, p = 0.07). Maximal isometric and isokinetic muscle strength as well as functional performance increased significantly in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRT is feasible in radiotherapy treated HNSCC patients. Following PRT, lean body mass, muscle strength and functional performance increased significantly in both groups (LBM only borderline significant in PLA group) with no significant group difference in any endpoint.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. loenbro@sport.au.dk
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lønbro
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dalgas
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Primdahl
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Overgaard
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overgaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003718:Denmark; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome