title: Intratumoral acetic acid injection eradicates human prostate cancer tumors in a murine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To treat localized prostate cancer without substantial morbidity, an ideal treatment would be an effective local therapy with minimal morbidity. Direct injections have been used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia without major complications, but in limited cases. We evaluated the local oncotoxic effects of acetic acid in a prostate cancer xenograft murine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  PC3 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines were used to grow subcutaneous tumors in SCID mice. For each cell line, 14 mice underwent intratumor injection with 25% acetic acid (0.05 ml/100 cm3 of tumor) after the tumor was >300 mm3. Post-treatment one mouse/group was euthanized after 2 h, 24 h, 1 and 2 weeks; remaining mice (n = 10) were killed at 120 days. Control mice (8/group) were euthanized after they met the humane criteria for tumor burden and overall health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor necrosis was noted immediately post-injection; by 24 h, ulceration and crusting of overlying skin were noted, which healed into scars by 23 ± 5 days. Histological examination showed tumor degeneration and necrosis with blood vessel obstruction. Ten treated mice in both groups survived for 120 days, which was much longer than the mean survival of PC3 (40 ± 9 days) and LNCaP (56 ± 10) control mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct injection of acetic acid successfully eradicated both tumors. This treatment option could potentially be used in humans for treatment of early localized prostate cancer and nonoperative management of locally advanced cases. This is the first report of successful local chemical therapy for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Providence Hospital & Medical Centers, Southfield, MI, USA. drjsbhullar@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jasneet Singh
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bhullar
authors.forename: Gokulakkrishna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Subhas
authors.forename: Sushant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Silberberg
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tilak
authors.forename: Milessa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009336:Necrosis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D019342:Acetic Acid