title: Co-administration of water containing magnesium ion prevents loxoprofen-induced lesions in gastric mucosa of adjuvant-induced arthritis rat.
abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) comprise one of the most frequently used classes of medicines in the world; however, NSAIDs have significant side effects, such as gastroenteropathy, and rheumatoid arthritis patients taking NSAIDs are more susceptible to NSAID-induced gastric lesions as compared to patients with other diseases. In Asian countries, loxoprofen has been used clinically for many years as a standard NSAID. We demonstrate the preventive effect of the co-administration of water containing magnesium ion (magnesium water, 1-200 µg/kg) on the ulcerogenic response to loxoprofen in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. Oral administration of loxoprofen (100 mg/kg) caused hemorrhagic lesions in the gastric mucosa of AA rats 14 d after adjuvant injection, and, following loxoprofen administration, the lesion score of AA rats was significantly higher than that of normal rats. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and nitric oxide (NO) production in the gastric mucosa of AA rats were also increased by the administration of loxoprofen, and the increase in lesions and NO were prevented by the administration of aminoguanidine, an iNOS inhibitor. The co-administration of magnesium water decreased the ulcerogenic response to loxoprofen in AA rats. In addition, the co-administration of magnesium water attenuated the increase in iNOS mRNA expression and NO production in AA rats receiving loxoprofen. These results suggest that the oral co-administration of magnesium water to AA rats has a potent preventive effect on the ulcerogenic response to loxoprofen, probably by inhibiting the rise in iNOS and NO levels in the gastric mucosa.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3–4–1 Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577–8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itanami
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014131:Trace Elements; D014867:Water; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C040656:loxoprofen; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D008274:Magnesium; C004479:pimagedine