title: Item banks for alcohol use from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): use, consequences, and expectancies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report on the development and calibration of item banks for alcohol use, negative and positive consequences of alcohol use, and negative and positive expectancies regarding drinking as part of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive literature searches yielded an initial bank of more than 5000 items from over 200 instruments. After qualitative item analysis (including focus groups and cognitive interviewing), 141 items were included in field testing. Items for alcohol use and consequences were written in a first-person, past-tense format with a 30-day time frame and 5 response options reflecting frequency. Items for expectancies were written in a third-person, present-tense format with no time frame specified and 5 response options reflecting intensity. The calibration sample included 1407 respondents, 1000 from the general population (ascertained through an internet panel) and 407 from community treatment programs participating in the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Clinical Trials Network (CTN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Final banks of 37, 31, 20, 11, and 9 items (108 total items) were calibrated for alcohol use, negative consequences, positive consequences, negative expectancies, and positive expectancies, respectively, using item response theory (IRT). Seven-item static short forms were also developed from each item bank.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Test information curves showed that the PROMIS item banks provided substantial information in a broad range of severity, making them suitable for treatment, observational, and epidemiological research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States. pilkonispa@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pilkonis
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dodds
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maihoefer
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stover
authors.forename: Dennis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCarty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D057566:Self Report / Q000592:standards*; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000379:methods*