title: E2F1 and p53 transcription factors as accessory factors for nucleotide excision repair.
abstract: Many of the biochemical details of nucleotide excision repair (NER) have been established using purified proteins and DNA substrates. In cells however, DNA is tightly packaged around histones and other chromatin-associated proteins, which can be an obstacle to efficient repair. Several cooperating mechanisms enhance the efficiency of NER by altering chromatin structure. Interestingly, many of the players involved in modifying chromatin at sites of DNA damage were originally identified as regulators of transcription. These include ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers, histone modifying enzymes and several transcription factors. The p53 and E2F1 transcription factors are well known for their abilities to regulate gene expression in response to DNA damage. This review will highlight the underappreciated, transcription-independent functions of p53  and E2F1 in modifying chromatin structure in response to DNA damage to promote global NER.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, 1801 Park Road 1C, Smithville, TX 78957, USA. djohnson@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Renier
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vélez-Cruz
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D006657:Histones; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D004247:DNA