title: Origins and properties of dental, thymic, and bone marrow mesenchymal cells and their stem cells.
abstract: Mesenchymal cells arise from the neural crest (NC) or mesoderm. However, it is difficult to distinguish NC-derived cells from mesoderm-derived cells. Using double-transgenic mouse systems encoding P0-Cre, Wnt1-Cre, Mesp1-Cre, and Rosa26EYFP, which enabled us to trace NC-derived or mesoderm-derived cells as YFP-expressing cells, we demonstrated for the first time that both NC-derived (P0- or Wnt1-labeled) and mesoderm-derived (Mesp1-labeled) cells contribute to the development of dental, thymic, and bone marrow (BM) mesenchyme from the fetal stage to the adult stage. Irrespective of the tissues involved, NC-derived and mesoderm-derived cells contributed mainly to perivascular cells and endothelial cells, respectively. Dental and thymic mesenchyme were composed of either NC-derived or mesoderm-derived cells, whereas half of the BM mesenchyme was composed of cells that were not derived from the NC or mesoderm. However, a colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay indicated that CFU-Fs in the dental pulp, thymus, and BM were composed of NC-derived and mesoderm-derived cells. Secondary CFU-F assays were used to estimate the self-renewal potential, which showed that CFU-Fs in the teeth, thymus, and BM were entirely NC-derived cells, entirely mesoderm-derived cells, and mostly NC-derived cells, respectively. Colony formation was inhibited drastically by the addition of anti-platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β antibody, regardless of the tissue and its origin. Furthermore, dental mesenchyme expressed genes encoding critical hematopoietic factors, such as interleukin-7, stem cell factor, and cysteine-X-cysteine (CXC) chemokine ligand 12, which supports the differentiation of B lymphocytes and osteoclasts. Therefore, the mesenchymal stem cells found in these tissues had different origins, but similar properties in each organ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komada
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Daiji
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isono
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takakura
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019426:Integrases / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D038041:Lymphopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology*; D014070:Tooth / Q000166:cytology*; D051155:Wnt1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; C495246:Wnt1 protein, mouse; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases