title: Vecuronium suppresses transmission at the rat phrenic neuromuscular junction by inhibiting presynaptic L-type calcium channels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The non-depolarizing muscle relaxant vecuronium inhibits contraction by competitive inhibition of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors (AchRs), which decreases the number of quanta released per impulse in response to 50 Hz stimulation. The specific role of calcium influx through L-type calcium channels is the promotion of endocytosis and vesicle recycling during high-frequency stimulation. Vecuronium also induces four pulse tetanic fade, a proxy measure of decreased quanta release. We examined whether vecuronium suppresses neuromuscular transmission during high-frequency stimulation by inhibiting presynaptic L-type calcium channels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five treatment groups: unstimulated control group, α-bungarotoxin (BTX) group, nifedipine group, vecuronium group, and nifedipine plus vecuronium group. Rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm neuromuscular juctions were stimulated at 50 Hz and field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded. Expression levels of the presynaptic Ca(2+)-binding, protein synaptotagmin 1, and the presynaptic plasma membrane protein, syntaxin 1, were measured by Western blots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fEPSPs evoked by 50 Hz stimulus trains were decreased by vecuronium, nifedipine, and by vecuronium plus nifedipine. Nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, reduced the expression of synaptogamin and syntaxin and blocked the suppressive effect of vecuronium, suggesting that both agents inhibit presynaptic L-type calcium channels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vecuronium which blocked L-type calcium channels may suppress activity of the α(3)β(2) nAChR subunit, which exists in the presynaptic membrane and enhances quantal release. This α(3)β(2) nAChR-mediated positive feedback effect may be facilitated by L-type Ca(2+) channel activity under high-frequency stimulation. Vecuronium may disrupt this positive feedback cycle, leading to suppression of fEPSPs. Vercuronium may reduce neuromuscular transmission through presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Junli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Baojun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haining
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000502:physiology*; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000294:innervation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*; D050863:Synaptotagmin I / Q000378:metabolism; D050827:Syntaxin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D050863:Synaptotagmin I; D050827:Syntaxin 1; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium