title: Fetal and maternal leptin in pre-gestational diabetic pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare maternal and fetal leptin among women without diabetes, women with type 1 diabetes, and women with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study at the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, 40 women with type 1 diabetes, 10 with type 2 diabetes, and 30 without diabetes were enrolled between July 2006 and July 2008. Maternal (36-week) and cord blood leptin was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was found in maternal leptin among the groups: without diabetes (mean, range): 325 pg/mL, 36-1492 pg/mL; type 1 diabetes: 343.2 pg/mL, 55.5-1108.2 pg/mL; type 2 diabetes: 202.2 pg/mL, 35.1-1553.3 pg/mL (P>0.05). Leptin levels were higher among fetuses of women with type 1 (223 pg/mL, 25.7-810 pg/mL) and type 2 (447.2 pg/mL, 136.3-679 pg/mL) diabetes than among women without diabetes (80.3 pg/mL, 27.3-623.1 pg/mL; P<0.05). The single significant predictor of fetal leptin for the whole cohort was maternal body mass index (BMI; r=0.39, P=0.01). Only third-trimester glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly related to fetal leptin after controlling for maternal BMI among women with diabetes (r=0.28, P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetuses of women with diabetes might have some degree of leptin resistance. This might be important in appetite regulation in extrauterine life.
authors.affiliation: UCD Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Mary F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Noirin M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Derek P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Brazil
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Firth
authors.forename: Fionnuala M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: McAuliffe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin