title: A review of current treatment of lumbar posterior ring apophysis fracture with lumbar disc herniation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lumbar posterior ring apophysis fracture (PRAF) is an uncommon disorder frequently accompanied by lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Over the years, there have constantly been published studies concerning this disorder. Due to its rarity, there is lack of an agreed treatment strategy, and lots of different opinions exist, including the choice of decompressive modalities, whether removal of apophyseal fragments or/and disc material, and the necessity of additional spinal fusion. The purpose of this review is to provide a collective opinion on the treatment of PRAF with LDH.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search in the English language literature was performed from 1980 to 2012. To be included in the study, it was strictly necessary for each clinical article to provide information about the description of apophyseal fracture such as location, treatment methods and clinical outcome. The studies were mainly analyzed for general features, the related classifications and treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature searching yielded 19 articles reporting 366 patients experiencing 380 sites of fractures. All of them were case reports or case series. The classification systems of PRAF were various based on the morphology, mobilization, size or localization, and relationship between disc and fragment. The most used surgical options were posterior discectomy simultaneous excision of apophyseal fragments without spine fusion. Surgical treatment for PRAF with LDH had equally excellent clinical outcome compared with LDH alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diverse features of apophyseal fracture lead to various modalities of classifications and operation options. Prior to operation, the surgeons should carefully make a plan to consider decompressive scope, removal of apophyseal fragment or/and disc and fusion or not. Because of methodological shortcomings in publications, it is not possible to definitively conclude what treatment modality is the best for the treatment of PRAF. More high-quality clinical studies are needed to draw more confirmable conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Yan Ta Western Road No 227, Shanxi, 710061 Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xueyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gurung
mesh_terms: D017586:Diskectomy; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D016896:Treatment Outcome