title: Prospective assessment of ictal behavior using the revised Responsiveness in Epilepsy Scale (RES-II).
abstract: Impaired consciousness in epilepsy has a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life yet is difficult to study objectively. Here, we develop an improved prospective Responsiveness in Epilepsy Scale-II (RES-II) and report initial results compared with the earlier version of the scale (RES). The RES-II is simpler to administer and includes both verbal and non-verbal test items. We evaluated 75 seizures (24 patients) with RES and 34 seizures (11 patients) with RES-II based on video-EEG review. The error rate per seizure by test administrators improved markedly from a mean of 2.01 ± 0.04 with RES to 0.24 ± 0.11 with RES-II. Performance during focal seizures showed a bimodal distribution, corresponding to the traditional complex partial vs. simple partial seizure classification. We conclude that RES-II has improved accuracy and testing efficiency compared with the original RES. Prospective objective testing will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of impaired consciousness in epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bauerschmidt
authors.forename: Nika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koshkelashvili
authors.forename: Celestine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ezeani
authors.forename: Ji Yeoun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Louis N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Manganas
authors.forename: Kailash
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.forename: Deanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palenzuela
authors.forename: Christian C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lief
authors.forename: Bridget T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Kiely
authors.forename: Tenzin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Choezom
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McClurkin
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shorten
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Detyniecki
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Giacino
authors.forename: Hal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blumenfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003244:Consciousness Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000592:standards; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014741:Video Recording