title: Effect of oxidative stress on immunological parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Azerbaijan Republic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study of lipid peroxidation (LPO) state and antioxidant protection (AOP) in blood plasma of patients with diabetes mellitus and the consequent changes of some immunological data depending on the severity of the pathological process.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients (n=76), depending on the level of glycemia and disease duration were divided into 3 groups at the stages of compensation, subcompensation and decompensation. The level of glycated hemoglobin (Hb(1)A(c)) was determined as the biochemical marker. Parameters of the LPO intensity - malondialdehyde and dien conjugates, antioxidant system parameters - SOD, GSH and ceruloplasmin, immune parameters - IgA, M, G, CIC and phagocytic activity were determined in all groups of patients including the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amounts of MDA and DC increased at all stages of the disease. In contrast, decreases in antioxidant system parameters - SOD, GSH and ceruloplasmin were observed. The oxidative stress increase resulted in the decline of phagocytic activity in the three groups by 23%, 29% and 52%, respectively. Amounts of T-lymphocytes were also decreased by 9.8%, 28% and 32%. But CIC were observed to increase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensification of the oxidative stress and the decrease in the antioxidant system protective function stimulate alterations in immune system parameters - amounts of immunoglobulins and immune complexes increased and phagocytic activity decreased. It suggests that the level of the oxidative stress effect on the alterations in immune parameters directly depends on the stage of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Biochemistry, Mardanov kardashlari 98, Baku, Azerbaijan. Ayavari2010@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yavari
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Azizova
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D001382:Azerbaijan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000276:immunology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human