title: Modulation of human visual evoked potentials in 3-dimensional perception after stimuli produced with an integral imaging method.
abstract: We investigated the neurophysiological correlates of stereoscopic 3-dimensional (3-D) depth perception by studying human visual evoked potentials (VEPs) with an integral imaging method characterized by horizontal but not vertical disparity. The VEPs were recorded in 10 healthy men under 4 conditions. In condition I, stimuli A (flat, 2-dimensional [2-D] image) and B (concave 3-D image) were presented at random. In condition II, stimuli A and C (convex 3-D image) were presented at random. In condition III, stimuli B and C were presented at random. In condition IV, stimuli A, B, and C were presented at random. The data for flat VEPs to stimulus A were combined in conditions I and II. The data for concave VEPs to stimulus B were combined in conditions I and III. The data for convex VEPs to stimulus C were combined in conditions II and III. When 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 2 factors, stimulus conditions (flat VEPs, concave VEPs, and convex VEPs) and electrode positions, was applied for VEP data, the N1 and N2 peak amplitudes differed significantly among the 3 stimulus conditions. In condition IV, the N1 peak amplitudes differed significantly among the 3 stimuli. Multiple comparisons followed by Bonferroni adjustment did not detect differences in the N1 peak amplitude between stimuli A and B, between stimuli A and C, or between stimuli B and C. We concluded that VEPs to concave or convex 3-D stimuli were significantly different from VEPs to flat 2-D stimuli. This is the first report showing modulation of human VEPs in 3-D perception with an integral imaging method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omoto
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: Saika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Chuanwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizuki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagatani
authors.forename: Yuzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult