title: Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS supplementation on intestinal and systemic markers of inflammation in ApoE*3Leiden mice consuming a high-fat diet.
abstract: A high-fat diet disturbs the composition and function of the gut microbiota and generates local gut-associated and also systemic responses. Intestinal mast cells, for their part, secrete mediators which play a role in the orchestration of physiological and immunological functions of the intestine. Probiotic bacteria, again, help to maintain the homeostasis of the gut microbiota by protecting the gut epithelium and regulating the local immune system. In the present study, we explored the effects of two probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (GG) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii spp. shermanii JS (PJS), on high fat-fed ApoE*3Leiden mice by estimating the mast cell numbers and the immunoreactivity of TNF-α and IL-10 in the intestine, as well as plasma levels of several markers of inflammation and parameters of lipid metabolism. We found that mice that received GG and PJS exhibited significantly lower numbers of intestinal mast cells compared with control mice. PJS lowered intestinal immunoreactivity of TNF-α, while GG increased intestinal IL-10. PJS was also observed to lower the plasma levels of markers of inflammation including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and also the amount of gonadal adipose tissue. GG lowered alanine aminotransferase, a marker of hepatocellular activation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that probiotic GG and PJS tend to down-regulate both intestinal and systemic pro-inflammatory changes induced by a high-fat diet in this humanised mouse model.
authors.affiliation: Wihuri Research Institute, Kalliolinnantie 4, 00140 Helsinki, Finland. anna.oksaharju@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oksaharju
authors.forename: Teake
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kooistra
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kleemann
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Duyvenvoorde
authors.forename: Minja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miettinen
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.forename: Ken A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lindstedt
authors.forename: Petri T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Kovanen
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korpela
authors.forename: Riina A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kekkonen
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006066:Gonads / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D054892:Metagenome; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011424:Propionibacterium; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D000410:Alanine Transaminase