title: [Consumption of animal-derived foods and mouth and oropharyngeal cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the relationship between animal-derived foods and mouth and oropharyngeal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital-based case-control study matched by sex and age (± 5 years) with data collected between July of 2006 and June of 2008. The sample contained 296 patients with mouth and oropharyngeal cancer and 296 patients without a cancer history who were treated in four hospitals in the City of São Paulo, State of São Paulo, Brazil. A semistructured questionnaire was administered to collect data regarding socioeconomic condition and harmful habits (tobacco and alcoholic beverage consumption). To assess eating habits, a qualitative questionnaire that asked about the frequency of food consumption was used. The analysis was rendered by means of multivariate logistic regression models that considered the existing hierarchy among the characteristics studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among foods of animal origin, frequent consumption of beef (OR = 2.73; CI95% = 1.27-5.87; P < 0.001), bacon (OR = 2.48; CI95% = 1.30-4.74; P < 0.001) and eggs (OR = 3.04; CI95% = 1.51-6.15; P < 0.001) was linked to an increased risk of mouth and oropharyngeal cancer, in both the univariate and multivariate analyses. Among dairy products, milk showed a protective effect against the disease (OR = 0.41; CI95% = 0.21-0.82; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study affirms the hypothesis that animal-derived foods can be etiologically linked to mouth and oropharyngeal cancer. This information can guide policies to prevent these diseases, generating public health benefits.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. toporcov@usp.br
authors.forename: Tatiana Natasha
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Toporcov
authors.forename: Maria Gabriela Haye
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Biazevic
authors.forename: Lígia Drovandi Braga
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Rotundo
authors.forename: Fabiana Paula
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: Marcos Brasilino
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Rosana Sarmento
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Brasileiro
authors.forename: Luiz Paulo
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Jose Leopoldo Ferreira
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Antunes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002417:Cattle; D015984:Causality; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004531:Eggs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012756:Sheep; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013552:Swine; D014675:Vegetables