title: Effect of adding bone marrow to ceramic graft materials with different interconnectivities in lumbar arthrodesis : quantification of bone formation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combining bone marrow (BM) with graft materials can stimulate bone healing. However, bone growth is not quantified in most studies, and the influence of the rate of interconnectivity of ceramics loaded with bone marrow has not yet been quantified. Here, a rabbit model of posterolateral intertransverse arthrodesis was used to quantify the effect of adding BM to partially (PIC) or totally (TIC) interconnected ceramics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single lumbar level was grafted on two sides with TIC (n = 12) or PIC (n = 18). The ceramic was loaded with 1.5 ml of BM on one side (chosen at random). The fusion rate was assessed by manual palpation test. Bone formation was quantified on scanning electron microscopy images and by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At week 6, bone formation with TIC was twice as high as that with PIC. When BM was added, 35.1 and 87.8 % more bone formation was observed in the TIC and PIC, respectively. In ceramics loaded with BM, the bone mineral density was significantly higher than that in ceramics alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in interconnectivity within the family of biphasic ceramics should be taken into account when applying them clinically. BM increased bone formation regardless of the type of ceramic employed.
authors.affiliation: Clinique Chirurgicale Orthopédique et Traumatologique, CHU Hôtel Dieu, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France. gaodri@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Guillaume-A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Odri
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Revert
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deschamps
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romih
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maugars
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heymann
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delecrin
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011817:Rabbits; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates