title: Diethylnitrosamine-induced redox imbalance in rat microsomes: protective role of polyphenolic-rich extract from Sorghum bicolor grains.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigates the protective role of polyphenolic-rich extract from Sorghum bicolor against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced redox imbalance in rat microsomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging potentials of the polyphenolic extract from S. bicolor (0.2-1.0 mg/mL) was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and ferric ion reducing system. The detoxification of ROS was evaluated in DEN-induced redox imbalance in rat microsomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sorghum bicolor polyphenolic extract at 1.0 mg/mL scavenged the DPPH, superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical at 75%, 76%, 79%, and 81%, respectively; it also reduced ferric ion significantly. The polyphenolic extract significantly (p<0.05) attenuated DEN-mediated decrease in the activities of ROS detoxifying enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). The concentrations of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxide, protein carbonyl, and percentage DNA fragmentation in DEN-treated microsomes were significantly reduced by the polyphenolic extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study indicated that S. bicolor polyphenolic extract possessed in vitro antioxidant activity and protected microsomes from DEN-mediated oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and ROS scavenger and inducer of ROS detoxifying enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Nutrition Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria. ajiboyeyong@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Taofeek Olakunle
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Ajiboye
authors.forename: Yesirat Omonike
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Komolafe
authors.forename: Hussein Oyelola
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Bukoye Oloyede
authors.forename: Musa Toyin
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Yakubu
authors.forename: Moriam Dasola
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Adeoye
authors.forename: Ibrahim Olasegun
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Abdulsalami
authors.forename: Adenike Temidayo
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Oladiji
authors.forename: Musbau Adewumi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Akanji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000633:toxicity; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine