title: Interleukin-32-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin plays a critical role in macrophage differentiation through the activation of caspase-1 in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-32 is an inflammatory cytokine induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis in a variety of cell types and discovered in the synovial of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) play several roles in the pathogenesis of RA. However, the role of IL-32 and TSLP in RA has not been elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the specific mechanism of between IL-32 and TSLP in RA using human monocyte cell line, THP-1 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we documented for the first time that IL-32 highly increased TSLP production in THP-1 cells and human blood monocytes. TSLP expression was induced by IL-32 via activation of caspase-1 and nuclear factor-κB. TSLP produced by IL-32 increased differentiation of monocytes but depletion of TSLP prevented differentiation of monocytes into macrophage-like cells. Chondroprotective drugs such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the traditional Korean medicine, BaekJeol-Tang (BT) decrease production of TSLP and activation of caspase-1 and nuclear factor-κB. In addition, CS and BT inhibited IL-32-induced monocytes differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, IL-32 and TSLP are important cytokines involved in the development of RA. The effects of CS and BT were associated with the downregulation of TSLP and caspase-1 through negative regulation of IL-32 pathways in RA.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Sun-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Hyun-A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Na-Ra
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Young-Sick
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Phil-Dong
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Seung-Youp
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D055670:Medicine, Korean Traditional; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D020170:Caspase 1; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin