title: A 10-minute point-of-care assay for detection of blood protein adducts resulting from low level exposure to organophosphate nerve agents.
abstract: The OrganoTox test is a rapid, point-of-care assay capable of detecting clinically relevant organophosphate (OP) poisoning after low-level exposure to sarin, soman, tabun, or VX chemical nerve agents. The test utilizes either a finger stick peripheral blood sample or plasma specimen. While high-level nerve agent exposure can quickly lead to death, low-level exposure produces vague, nondescript signs and symptoms that are not easily clinically differentiated from other conditions. In initial testing, the OrganoTox test was used to detect the presence of blood protein-nerve agent adducts in exposed blood samples. In order to mimic the in vivo exposure as closely as possible, nerve agents stored in organic solvents were spiked in minute quantities into whole blood samples. For performance testing, 40 plasma samples were spiked with sarin, soman, tabun, or VX and 10 normal plasma samples were used as the negative control. The 40 nerve agent-spiked plasma samples included 10 replicates of each agent. At the clinically relevant low-level exposure of 10 ng/ml, the OrganoTox test demonstrated 100% sensitivity for soman, tabun, and VX and 80% sensitivity for sarin. The OrganoTox test demonstrated greater than 97% specificity with 150 blood samples obtained from healthy adults. No cross-reactivity or interference from pesticide precursor compounds was found. A rapid test for nerve agent exposure will help identify affected patients earlier in the clinical course and trigger more appropriate medical management in a more timely manner.
authors.affiliation: Rapid Pathogen Screening, 7227 Delainey Court, Sarasota, FL 34240, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: VanDine
authors.forename: Uma Mahesh
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Condon
authors.forename: Arlene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sambursky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D003429:Cross Reactions; D006801:Humans; D062025:Organophosphate Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012524:Sarin / Q000633:toxicity; D012999:Soman / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010755:Organophosphates; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D012524:Sarin; D012999:Soman; C009680:VX-agent; C009374:tabun