title: A hemagglutinin-esterase-expressing salmonid alphavirus replicon protects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) against infectious salmon anemia (ISA).
abstract: A replicon expression system based on the salmonid alphavirus (SAV) that encodes the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) was constructed and found to be an efficacious vaccine against infectious salmon anemia (ISA). Following a single intramuscular immunization, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were effectively protected against subsequent ISAV challenge. Additional replicons coding for the ISAV fusion glycoprotein (F) or the ISAV matrix protein (M) were created and tested in combination with the replicon that encodes the HE. The ISAV HE was confirmed as a potent antigen, but neither the F nor the M proteins were found to be essential for immunization-induced protection. Innate immune response induced at the site of vaccination illustrated the immunogenicity of the SAV-based replicon and its ability to activate antiviral responses in Atlantic salmon. The successful testing of the SAV-based replicon as a vaccine model against ISA showed that the replicon approach may represent a novel immunization technology for the aquaculture industry. It offers potential benefits in terms of safety, efficacy, flexibility, and vaccine production complexity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. astrid.wolf@nvh.no
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Kjartan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hodneland
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Stine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braaen
authors.forename: Espen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rimstad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D046829:Isavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012093:Replicon / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D020317:Salmo salar; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C060814:hemagglutinin esterase