title: Computer-aided detection of metastatic brain tumors using magnetic resonance black-blood imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to develop a computer-aided detection system for automated brain metastases detection using magnetic resonance black-blood imaging and compare its applicability with conventional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with brain metastases were imaged with a contrast-enhanced, 3-dimensional, whole-brain magnetic resonance black-blood pulse sequence. Approval from the institutional review board and informed consent from the patients were obtained. Preprocessing steps included B1 inhomogeneity correction and brain extraction. The computer-aided detection system used 3-dimensional template matching, which measured normalized cross-correlation coefficient to generate possible metastases candidates. An artificial neural network was used for classification after various volume features were extracted. The same detection procedure was tested with contrast-enhanced MP-RAGE, which was also acquired from the same patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The performance of the proposed detection method was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity values. In the black-blood case, detection process displayed an AUROC of 0.9355, a sensitivity value of 81.1%, and a specificity value of 98.2%. Magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo data showed an AUROC of 0.6508, a sensitivity value of 30.2%, and a specificity value of 99.97%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that accurate automated detection of metastatic brain tumors using contrast-enhanced black-blood imaging sequence is possible compared with using conventional contrast-enhanced MP-RAGE sequence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seungwook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yoonho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Min-Oh
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eung Yeop
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jaeseok
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*