title: Nephrectomy and upper pole heminephrectomy for poorly functioning kidney: Is total ureterectomy necessary?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed our experience with nephrectomy and upper pole heminephrectomy combined with subtotal ureterectomy to determine the incidence of the problems associated with the distal ureteral stump.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 48 children who underwent nephrectomy or upper pole heminephrectomy with subtotal ureterectomy for a poorly functioning kidney were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient who underwent nephrectomy for a poorly functioning single-system kidney required secondary surgery. No secondary surgery was required in any patient who underwent upper pole heminephrectomy for ectopic ureter, while secondary surgery was required in five of 17 patients (29%) who underwent upper pole heminephrectomy for ectopic ureterocele. All five patients presented with recurrent febrile urinary tract infection after upper pole heminephrectomy. They also had reflux into the ipsilateral lower moiety, contralateral kidney, or distal ureteral stump. Our results and data from other reports suggest that recurrent urinary tract infections after upper pole heminephrectomy were treatment outcomes based on the initial surgical approach to ectopic ureterocele rather than isolated problems associated with the distal ureteral stump.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We consider that total ureterectomy is unnecessary at the time of nephrectomy or heminephrectomy for a poorly functioning kidney because the distal ureteral stump rarely causes a problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hisamatsu
authors.forename: Shizuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Yoshikiyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugita