title: Fungal laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase: gene expression and regulation.
abstract: Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to characterizing expression of laccases and peroxidases and their regulation in numerous fungal species. Much attention has been brought to these enzymes broad substrate specificity resulting in oxidation of a variety of organic compounds which brings about possibilities of their utilization in biotechnological and environmental applications. Research attempts have resulted in increased production of both laccases and peroxidases by the aid of heterologous and homologous expression. Through analysis of promoter regions, protein expression patterns and culture conditions manipulations it was possible to compare and identify common pathways of these enzymes' production and secretion. Although laccase and peroxidase proteins have been crystallized and thoroughly analyzed, there are still a lot of questions remaining about their evolutionary origin and the physiological functions. This review describes the present understanding of promoter sequences and correlation between the observed regulatory effects on laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase genes transcript levels and the presence of specific response elements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland. gjanusz@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janusz
authors.forename: Katarzyna H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kucharzyk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pawlik
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Staszczak
authors.forename: Andrzej J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Paszczynski
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D042845:Laccase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014934:Wood / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008031:Lignin; D042845:Laccase; D010544:Peroxidases; C042858:lignin peroxidase; C051129:manganese peroxidase