title: Paediatric genitourinary cancers and late effects of treatment.
abstract: The most common childhood genitourinary cancers are Wilms tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma and germ cell tumour (GCT). Long-term survival rates for patients with these tumours are generally excellent, ranging from 80% to 100%. However, the high cure rates have highlighted the need to minimize the long-term complications of treatments (referred to as 'late effects'), which can be caused by the three treatment modalities used to treat genitourinary tumours: surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Serious late effects, such as death, second cancers and tumour recurrence, are uncommon but do occur occasionally. Chronic health conditions--such as cardiac, pulmonary and fertility disorders--are more prevalent. Given the high prevalence of late effects, survivors of childhood genitourinary malignancies require regular surveillance and health promotion delivered by health-care providers with specialist knowledge of the long-term complications of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
authors.forename: Karim T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Sadak
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ritchey
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dome
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017741:Survivors; D013997:Time Factors; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy