title: [Endoscopy of the larynx by hyperspectral imaging].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperspectral imaging has been proven to be useful in remote earth sensing, e.g., satellite-based classification of vegetation. After modifying it for in vivo evaluation of the larynx using microscopy, we show its adoption for endoscopes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In addition to routine microlaryngoscopies under white light inspection, the laryngoscopy was also performed with not only a conventional operation microscope mounted with a tuneable monochromatic light source and a synchronously triggered monochromatic CCD camera (n = 47 patients), but also a similarly modified rigid 0° endoscope (n = 16 patients). Hyperspectral image cubes were obtained between 390 and 680 nm, analyzed using established software tools, and the data using microscope versus endoscope were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under endoscopy, illumination was more even and sterical resolution appeared unchanged at significantly shorter image acquisition times. Hyperspectral classification delineated areas of altered mucosa without further external information irrespective of whether image cubes were generated with microscopy or endoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperspectral imaging can be transferred not only to micro(laryngo)scopy but also to endoscopy with rigid optics. This opens the way to a variety of clinically relevant anatomical regions (e.g., upper aerodigestive tract). Its adoption to flexible optics will further broaden this spectrum.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde/Chirurgie, Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland. andreas.gerstner@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: A O H
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Gerstner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Laffers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schade
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Göke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thies
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology*; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult