title: Effects of metformin on serum insulin and anti-Mullerian hormone levels and on hyperandrogenism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels (AMH) and insulin resistance (IR) before and after meformin treatment and to compare AMH levels of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women in the early follicular phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty PCOS women with IR, taking metformin 1500 mg/day for 8 weeks, and 16 non-PCOS controls were enrolled in this longitudinal study. Serum levels of AMH, insulin, glucose, testosterone, and quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI), were assessed before and after treatment in PCOS group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMH levels were higher in untreated PCOS (p < 0.0001), as were luteinizing hormone (LH) (p = 0.0004), testosterone (p = 0.0017) as well as 17-hydroxyprogesterone (p = 0.03). PCOS women show positive correlation between AMH and testosterone (R = 0.83; p < 0.0001) only prior to treatment. Metformin treatment, lead to a significant decrease in serum insulin (p = 0.0132) and testosterone (p = 0.0017) levels. However, no alteration in AMH levels was observed after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the improvement of metabolic parameters and the reduction of androgen levels, AMH levels did not change after metformin treatment. Maybe, the dose, and possibly the time of use, of metformin are factors associated with the reduction of AMH levels.
authors.affiliation: Sexual Medicine Service, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Areana Diogo
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Lucia Alves
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Silva Lara
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Japur de Sá Rosa-e-Silva
authors.forename: Rui Alberto
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ferriani
authors.forename: Rosana Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D013739:Testosterone; D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D008687:Metformin