title: Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: second edition.
abstract: Among the various disorders manifesting dementia, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence in the elderly population, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is becoming of great importance. After the publication of the first edition of the Guidelines for Management of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in 2004 (the English version was published in 2008), clinical awareness of iNPH has risen dramatically, and the number of shunt surgeries has increased rapidly across Japan. Clinical and basic research on iNPH has increased significantly, and more high-level evidence has since been generated. The second edition of the Japanese Guidelines was thus published in July 2011, to provide a series of timely evidence-based recommendations related to iNPH. The revision of the Guidelines has been undertaken by a multidisciplinary expert working group of the Japanese Society of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in conjunction with the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare research project on "Studies on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus." This English version of the second edition of the Guidelines was made to share these ideas with the international community and to promote international research on iNPH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi.
authors.forename: Etsuro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Masatsune
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kazui
authors.forename: Hiroji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.forename: Madoka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Nagato
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Mitsunobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaijima
authors.forename: Yoshihumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006850:Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D007564:Japan; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018579:Patient Selection; D013346:Subarachnoid Space / Q000473:pathology