title: Current level of glycaemic control and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes across Europe: data from the PANORAMA study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an update on glycaemic control in European patients with type 2 diabetes based on data from the nine-country, cross-sectional PANORAMA study (NCT00916513).
  
  
  METHODS
  Post-hoc analysis to report the number of patients achieving/not achieving glycaemic goal (HbA(1c) <7%).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly or consecutively selected from physician practices in nine countries. Eligible patients were aged ≥40 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes >1 year prior to study entry, and had an available medical record of >1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  All data were collected at a single visit, including HbA1c measurement using a common device (A1CNow). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate factors associated with not reaching glycaemic goal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 5817 patients enrolled (aged 65·9 ± 10·4 years, 53·7% male), 37·4% had an HbA(1c) ≥7%; (range 25·9% in The Netherlands to 52·0% in Turkey). In adjusted multivariate analyses, higher individual glycaemic target, younger age, poor physician-reported patient adherence to lifestyle/medication, longer diabetes duration, increasing treatment regimen complexity and physician-reported patient's unwillingness to intensify treatment were associated with not achieving goal. However, bivariate analyses also found gender, socioeconomic factors, body mass index, rate of complications and hypoglycaemia to be associated with not achieving goal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In PANORAMA, 37·4% of patients enrolled were not at glycaemic goal. Factors relating to patient characteristics, physician selection of individualized HbA1c target and diabetes itself (longer duration, more complex treatment) were strongly associated with not achieving goal. Further studies are warranted to explore these associations and evaluate strategies for improving glycaemic control.
authors.affiliation: Dr Negrin Hospital, Las Palmas University, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Pablos-Velasco
authors.forename: Klaus G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Parhofer
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eschwège
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gönder-Frederick
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maheux
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin