title: The demography of medical malpractice suits against radiologists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To delimit demographic characteristics of malpractice claims against radiologists in the United States by sex and location and to note the varying percentages of favorable outcomes and award amounts to plaintiffs by state.
  
  
  METHODS
  This HIPAA-compliant study was institutional review board-approved. All radiologists enrolled in One-Call Medical, a specialized preferred provider organization, go through an initial and recurrent credentialing process, which records state of residence, age, sex, and malpractice history. For each radiologist, a record of unfavorable outcomes and payment awards is derived from narratives provided by the National Practitioner's Data Bank. All other suits are self-reported. Rates of malpractice claims per state were calculated with a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model allowing for differences in years at risk. Poisson regression was used to calculate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for any payment as a result of a malpractice claim compared with the average of all 36 states, adjusted for sex. To determine the association of age, sex, and state with amount of payment, we used a general linear model assuming a gamma family distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In August 2010, 8401 radiologists from 47 states composed One-Call Medical's panel. During their careers, 30.9% (2600 of 8401) had been the subject of at least one malpractice claim. Median payment awards varied by 14-fold from Maine ($350 000) to Colorado ($24 105), while mean payments varied ninefold from Oregon ($715 707) to Nebraska ($74 373). Adjusted for age and state, radiologists in Alabama had the lowest rate of malpractice suits per 100 practice-years for men (0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.73, 1.28) and women (0.70; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.96) compared with those in New York, who had the highest rate of suits for men (5.65; 95% CI: 5.09, 6.26) and women (4.13; 95% CI: 3.54, 4.80). Overall, male radiologists had a higher rate of being sued than did their female counterparts (IRR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.56).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The likelihood of a radiologist being the defendant in at least one suit is 50% by age 60, yet the difference in frequency and average number of suits accrued varies widely by state of residence and sex. Among resolved suits, the percentage of cases in which payment was made to the plaintiff differs markedly by state, as do median and mean award amount. Men are more likely than women to be sued during the course of their careers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, 150 Bergen St, RM C320, Newark, NJ 07101, USA. bakersr@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Whang
authors.forename: Lyndon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.forename: Kim S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Clarkin
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Ronak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003406:Credentialing; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008318:Malpractice / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011871:Radiology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014481:United States