title: MicroRNAs regulate the pathogenesis of CVB3-induced viral myocarditis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced viral myocarditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We detected miRNA expression profiling by microarray utilizing a mouse model on day 4 after CVB3 infection. Then we validated differentially expressed miRNAs using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We predicted target genes using miRNA target prediction databases and assessed them using mRNA microarray and qualitative reverse transcription PCR measurements. By analyzing the target function of differentially expressed miRNAs, we initially explored the regulating role of miRNAs in viral myocarditis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found five differentially expressed miRNAs that are involved in regulating several important innate immune and antiviral pathways such as the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, cytokine- cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  miRNAs regulate the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. This study may provide a new perspective and a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis that may help with the development of novel therapies against CVB3 infection.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zonghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jizhen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhewei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger