title: Variation in the standard of minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer--systematic review.
abstract: Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) has been increasingly performed to treat esophageal cancer. Studies published between 1990 and 2012 that described the use of MIE for cancer in at least 50 patients were included for systematic review. The literature search retrieved 34 publications comprising 18 case series, 15 comparative studies, and 1 randomized control trial. Results revealed a wide variability in surgical techniques and perioperative outcomes with a lack of standardized definitions of postoperative complications. In most studies, radical formal lymphadenectomy was not performed and the lymph node harvest fell below the minimum number recommended to achieve survival benefits. There is a need to reach a consensus regarding surgical approaches in MIE, the definition of postoperative complications and the extent of lymphadenectomy before embarking on further randomized controlled trials comparing MIE vs. open approach.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. g.hanna@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: George B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Shobhit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Sheraz R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Markar
mesh_terms: D032921:Consensus; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards*; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000592:standards; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards*; D059039:Standard of Care / Q000592:standards*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome