title: Using SPME fibers and Tenax to predict the bioavailability of pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos in field sediments.
abstract: The presence of pyrethroids in both urban and agricultural sediments at levels lethal to invertebrates has been well documented. However, variations in bioavailability among sediments make accurate predictions of toxicity based on whole sediment concentrations difficult. A proposed solution to this problem is the use of bioavailability-based estimates, such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers and Tenax beads. This study compared three methods to assess the bioavailability and ultimately toxicity of pyrethroid pesticides including field-deployed SPME fibers, laboratory-exposed SPME fibers, and a 24-h Tenax extraction. The objective of the current study was to compare the ability of these methods to quantify the bioavailable fraction of pyrethroids in contaminated field sediments that were toxic to benthic invertebrates. In general, Tenax proved a more sensitive method than SPME fibers and a correlation between Tenax extractable concentrations and mortality was observed.
authors.affiliation: Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture Center, and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, 171 Life Science II, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Landrum
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lydy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011722:Pyrethrins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C010514:tenax; D004390:Chlorpyrifos