title: [Identification characters of leaf morphological and venation pattern of Abutilon indicum with its confused herb A. theophrasti].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the identification characters of Abutilon indicum and its confused herb A. theophrasti and establish an identification method.
  
  
  METHODS
  LMVP (leaf morphological-venation pattern for identification Chinese herbs), and QAERM (quantitatively analyze and evaluate reliability for the method of identification Chinese herbs) were applied for the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main differences of the leaf of Abutilon indicum: leaf margin cilia short and not clear (75-200 microm), petiole top with long straight hairs (up to 1.0-1.2 cm), when the tertiary veins and intersecondary veins issue from the lower part of midrib, their angles of divergence usually were wide acute (65 degrees-80 degrees) and a few was about right angle (80 degrees-100 degrees). The main differences of the leaf of A. theophrasti: leaf margin cilia long and clear (200-500 microm), petiole top with short straight hairs (most 0.1-0.5 mm), when the tertiary veins and intersecondary veins issue from the lower part of midrib, their angles of divergence usually were about right angle (80 degrees-100 degrees) and a few was wide acute (65 degrees-80 degrees). With the mentioned three groups of key differences, the both plants could be successfully identified from each other. The accuracy of identification results (AC) was from 97.5% to 99.6%, the repeatability of identification results: agreement rate for observation (ARO) was 97.1% and Kappa value was 0.94.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The established method is simple, rapid, economic and reliable.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medical College of Guangxi, Nanning 530001, China. 1141966776@qq.com
authors.forename: Baozuo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yilin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yuekui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.forename: Zhengwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D019660:Malvaceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development