title: Evolving spectrum of HIV-associated nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The profile of renal pathology in HIV patients is undergoing significant changes in pattern in the HAART era, with the incidence of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) decreasing and the incidence of non-HIVAN lesions increasing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe 2 cases of HIV-infected patients diagnosed with diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS) and coexistent multiple myeloma, an association that has heretofore been unreported. The cases involve a 23-year-old man and a 54-year-old man who presented with renal failure and proteinuria. Kidney biopsy in both revealed DILS and further evaluation revealed both to have multiple myeloma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DILS is a late complication of AIDS that has become extremely rare in the United States during the HAART era. However, there are patients who present without an AIDS-defining illness or cancers. The development of multiple myeloma in the setting of HIV and DILS presents a novel, heretofore unreported association that may be important to recognize in HIV/AIDS patients with kidney failure.
authors.affiliation: Renal Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Luan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: Garabed
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eknoyan
authors.forename: Biruh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Workeneh
mesh_terms: D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008218:Lymphocytosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult