title: Nasal reconstruction with the two stages vs three stages forehead flap. A three centres experience over ten years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In nasal reconstruction all anatomic layers as cover, lining, and support, have to be replaced to restore proper aesthetics. Forehead skin has been acknowledged as the best donor site to resurface the nose. Traditionally forehead flap reconstruction is performed in two stages, but Millard described an intermediate third stage between flap transfer and pedicle division. This study compared the two methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study enrolled 31 patients undergoing total or subtotal nose reconstruction between January 2001 and January 2012. 20 patients underwent to the two-step technique (2S Group), and 11 the three-step technique (3S Group). Thickness of the flap was measured in three different areas. A plastic surgeon not involved in the study completed an evaluation questionnaire to assess aesthetic satisfaction (VAS = 1-10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of procedures performed (including revisions) ranged from 3 to 6. The average number of procedures performed in group 2S patients was 4 (range: 3-6) in the group 3S was 3.46 (range: 3-5). VAS mean values were studied with t Student test and were found to be significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The timing of thinning of the flap and detachment of the pedicle varies among Authors. There are generally two trends: defatting of the flap before the pedicle transection, performed usually 3 weeks from flap harvesting and defatting a few months after disconnection of the pedicle. We think this technique is suited for defects including underlying structures and particularly for all those defects located in the distal part of the nose (tip and nostrils).
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, Cagliari University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ribuffo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Serratore
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cigna
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sorvillo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bucher
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scuderi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps