title: PGE₂ and BMP-2 in bone and cartilage metabolism: 2 intertwining pathways.
abstract: Osteoarthritis and lesions to cartilage tissue are diseases that frequently result in impaired joint function and patient disability. The treatment of osteoarthritis, along with local bone defects and systemic skeletal diseases, remains a significant clinical challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known to have osteoinductive effects, whereof BMP-2 and BMP-7 are already approved for clinical applications. There is growing evidence that the metabolism of bone as well as the cartilage damage associated with the above disease processes are strongly inter-related with the interactions of the inflammation-related pathways (in particular prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂)) and osteogenesis (in particular bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)). There is strong evidence that the pathways of prostaglandins and bone morphogenetic proteins are intertwined, and they have recently come into focus in several experimental and clinical studies. This paper focuses on PGE₂ and BMP-2 intertwining pathways in bone and cartilage metabolism, and summarizes the recent experimental and clinical data.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haversath
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Catelas
authors.forename: Xinning
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tjark
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tassemeier
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jäger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000276:immunology / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000276:immunology / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D015232:Dinoprostone