title: Correlation between molecular mobility and physical stability of amorphous itraconazole.
abstract: The goal was to investigate the correlation between molecular mobility and physical stability in amorphous itraconazole and identify the specific mobility mode responsible for its instability. The molecular mobility of amorphous itraconazole, in the glassy as well as the supercooled liquid state, was comprehensively characterized using dynamic dielectric spectroscopy. Isothermal frequency sweeps in the 5-40 °C temperature range revealed a β-relaxation which exhibited Arrhenius temperature dependence. As the temperature approached T(g), β-relaxation became progressively less resolved due to interference from the high frequency tail of the α-relaxation and then transformed into an excess wing. Above T(g), nonlinear temperature dependence of the α-relaxation was described by the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) model. Itraconazole was found to be a fragile glass former with a VTF strength parameter of ∼4. Isothermal crystallization kinetics, at several temperatures over the range of 75 to 95 °C, was best described by the 3-dimensional nucleation and growth model. Primary relaxation appeared to be the mobility responsible for the observed physical instability at temperatures above T(g) as indicated by the linear correlation of α-relaxation with both crystallization onset and kinetics (represented by the inverse of the crystallization rate constant). A strong coupling between global mobility and crystallization onset was evident. However, for growth kinetics, the coupling was less pronounced, indicating the involvement of factors other than global mobility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.
authors.forename: Sunny P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.forename: Kapildev K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Templeton
authors.forename: Sophie-Dorothee
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Clas
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suryanarayanan
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics
chemical_list: D017964:Itraconazole