title: Isolation and characterization of a novel violacein-like pigment producing psychrotrophic bacterial species Janthinobacterium svalbardensis sp. nov.
abstract: A bacterial strain designated JA-1, related to Janthinobacterium lividum, was isolated from glacier ice samples from the island Spitsbergen in the Arctic. The strain was tested for phenotypic traits and the most prominent appeared to be the dark red brown to black pigmentation different from the violet pigment of Janthinobacterium, Chromobacterium and Iodobacter. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridization tests showed that strain JA-1 belongs to the genus Janthinobacterium but represents a novel lineage distinct from the two known species of this genus, J. lividum and Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum. The DNA G + C content of strain JA-1 was determined to be 62.3 mol %. The isolate is a psychrotrophic Gram negative bacterium, rod-shaped with rounded ends, containing intracellular inclusions and one polar flagellum. On the basis of the presented results strain JA-1 is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Janthinobacterium, for which the name Janthinobacterium svalbardensis sp. nov. is proposed (JA-1(T) = DSM 25734, ZIM B637).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Chair for Molecular Genetics and Biology of Microorganisms, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jerneja
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ambrožič Avguštin
authors.forename: Darja
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Žgur Bertok
authors.forename: Rok
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kostanjšek
authors.forename: Gorazd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avguštin
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D046448:Ice Cover / Q000382:microbiology*; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D042802:Oxalobacteraceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013538:Svalbard
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D007211:Indoles; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C063155:violacein