title: Composition of Herba Pogostemonis water extract and protection of infected mice against Salmonella Typhimurium-induced liver damage and mortality by stimulation of innate immune cells.
abstract: GC-MS analysis of a hot water extract of Herba Pogostemonis (HP) revealed the presence of 131 compounds. HP slightly inhibited  Salmonella  Typhimurium bacteria in culture and stimulated uptake of the bacteria into RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells as indicated by both increased fluorescence from internalized FITC-dextran and increased colony-forming unit (CFU) counts of the lysed macrophages. Postinfection, the HP-treated cells showed lower bacterial counts than the control. HP elicited altered morphology, elevated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophage cells. Salmonella induced increased expression of iNOS mRNA, cognate polypeptides, and NO. Histology of mice infected with a sublethal dose (1 × 10(4) CFU) of Salmonella showed that intraperitoneally administered HP protected against necrosis of the liver, a biomarker of in vivo salmonellosis. The lifespan of mice infected with a lethal dose (1 × 10(5) CFU) was significantly extended. These results suggest that the activity of HP against bacterial infection in mice occurs through the activation of innate immune macrophage cells. The relationship of composition of HP to bioactivity is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Phil
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eunpyo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Seok Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Mendel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts