title: Multimodal imaging and image analysis techniques for neuromodulation.
abstract: Functional neurosurgical procedures used to treat the debilitating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and that target small subcortical structures have typically relied on semi-qualitative manual approaches that rely upon the establishing qualitative between volumetric imaging data and print atlases. This chapter reviews many new high -precision and -accuracy techniques that can be used for the full automated localization of these targets. These techniques rely on the a priori development of neuroanatomical atlases derived from magnetic resonance imaging data, high-resolution identification of subcortical structures from histology, and spatially localized data bases of intra-operative recordings and successful surgical outcomes. Other novel structural and functional MRI techniques that allow for the direct visualization of thalamic sub nuclei are also reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. mallar_chakravarty@camh.net
authors.forename: M Mallar
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents