title: Adipose tissue-derived factors as potential biomarkers in cachectic cancer patients.
abstract: Cachexia, a paraneoplastic syndrome markedly associated with worsened prognosis in cancer patients, provokes profound wasting of both lean and adipose mass in an association with a state of metabolic "chaos". The white adipose tissue responds to cachexia with marked local inflammation and may be thus a relevant contributor to systemic inflammation. To address this hypothesis we examined the correlation between tissue expression of adipokines and plasma concentration in cachectic and stable weight patients with or without cancer. Adiponectin and liver-derived CRP concentration were significantly higher in the cachectic groups when compared with stable weight patients (P<0.01). The concentration of plasma IL-6 was higher (11.4-fold) in the cancer cachectic group when compared with weight-stable controls, and presented a significant correlation with the presence of cancer (P<0.001). A marked increase (5-fold) in IL-6 as a result of the interaction between the presence of cachexia and the presence of tumour was observed in the subcutaneous tissue of the patients, yet not in the visceral depot. Plasma adiponectin levels were higher in cachectic cancer patients, compared with stable weight cancer patients individually matched by age, sex, and BMI, and the subcutaneous depot was found to be the main contributing tissue, rather than the visceral pad. Based on the results we concluded that the subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with plasma changes that may function as markers of cachexia.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivan
authors.forename: P S M
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Alcantara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sandoval
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.forename: R X
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silverio
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Maximiano
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Otoch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seelaender
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002100:Cachexia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10