title: The impact of TGF-β1 on the mRNA expression of TβR I, TβR II, Smad4 and the invasiveness of the JEG-3 placental choriocarcinoma cell line.
abstract: Human choriocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors characterized by early hematogenous spread to lung and brain tissues, and may be a cause of death in patients. Choriocarcinoma may occur following pregnancy and during implantation; however, trophoblastic invasion in human pregnancy is tightly regulated. The transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has been suggested to play a role in controlling this process. In this study, we investigated the impact of TGF-β1 on invasion, as well as its sites of action in the TGF-β1/Smad pathway using a JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell line. Following the treatment of cells with different doses of TGF-β1, cell invasion was observed. We also detected the expression of TGF-β receptor type I (TβR I) and TGF-β receptor type II (TβR II), Smad4, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in JEG-3 cells. Our data demonstrated that TGF-β1 promoted the invasive capability of JEG-3 cells depending on the downregulation of TβR I, TβR II, Smad4 and the upregulation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. These observations suggest that TGF-β1 may play a critical role in the initiation of the trophoblastic invasion process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000,  P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shaochen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Changhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yusi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan