title: Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Polish version of the Oswestry Disability Index.
abstract: METHODS
  Validation of a translated, culturally adapted questionnaire.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To translate and culturally adapt a Polish version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and to validate its use in Polish patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The ODI is among the most popular questionnaires used to evaluate back pain-related disability. To our knowledge no validated Polish version of the index was available at the time our study was initiated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted by 2 independent translators and approved by expert committee. Final version was included in the booklet consisting in addition of a previously validated Roland-Morris disability questionnaire, VAS for low back and leg and 3 Likert scale questions (pain medications, pain frequency, disability). It was tested on 169 patients with chronic low back pain, 164 (97%) of them were enrolled, and 84 of 164 (53%) returned the completed retest booklet within 2 to 14 days after the baseline test. There were no differences between the 2 groups in demographic and clinical parameters. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ODI (standard deviation [SD]) was 48.45 (18.94); minimum 2, maximum 94. The Cronbach α for baseline questionnaires (n = 164) was 0.90. Concurrent validity, measured by comparing ODI responses with the results of the Roland-Morris disability questionnaire score was very good (r = 0.607, P < 0.001). The correlation with VAS back was fair (r = 0.37, P < 0.001) and with VAS leg was good (r = 0.56, P < 0.001). The tested ODI had excellent test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 and standard error of measurements was 3.54, the resulting minimal detectable changes at the 95% confidence level was 10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that the Polish version of the ODI is a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of disability in Polish-speaking patients with lower back pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Specialist Medical Center, Polanica-Zdroj, Poland. gmiekisiak@gmail.com
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miekisiak
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kollataj
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dobrogowski
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kloc
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Libionka
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banach
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Latka
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobolewski
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sulewski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nowakowski
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiwic
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Potaczek
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gierlotka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011044:Poland; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating