title: Taurine attenuates apoptosis in primary liver cells isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
abstract: One of the many functions of taurine is to protect cells against oxidation, by protecting mitochondrial integrity and respiration. Taurine metabolism has attracted much attention in fish nutrition due to the fact that as plant ingredients replace fishmeal, dietary taurine has declined. As the endogenous synthesis of taurine might be too low to protect cells against oxidative stress and apoptosis, the present study aimed to test whether taurine may protect liver cells from apoptosis. Liver cells isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were grown in media supplemented with a physiological concentration of taurine (25 (se 0·5) mm) or without any taurine supplementation (14 (se 3) μm) for 3 d. To increase oxidation in the mitochondria and maximise any cellular response of taurine supplementation, 100 μm-CdCl2 was added or not added to the cells at day 3. At day 4, cells were harvested and assessed for viability. As expected, the addition of CdCl2 decreased cell viability without showing any interaction with taurine supplementation. Cells grown in the taurine-supplemented media had lower protein abundance of active caspase-3. In addition, the protein abundance of phosphorylated mitogen-activating phosphokinase (P-p63, P-p42/44 and P-p38) as well as cytochrome P450 were reduced when taurine was added to the media. Cells grown without taurine supplementation had a more condensed chromatin and more smeared DNA, also pointing to a higher apoptosis in these cells. In conclusion, taurine attenuated apoptosis in primary liver cells isolated from Atlantic salmon, and as such, taurine may be conditionally indispensable in Atlantic salmon.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. marit.espe@nifes.no
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espe
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000009:adverse effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000187:drug effects; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000378:metabolism*; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D013654:Taurine; D004247:DNA; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D053148:Caspase 3; D019256:Cadmium Chloride