title: SULF2 expression by immunohistochemistry and overall survival in oesophageal cancer: a cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oesophageal cancer is the eighth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, and there is a need for biomarkers to improve diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Sulfatases 2 (SULF2) is an extracellular endosulphatase that regulates several signalling pathways in carcinogenesis and has been associated with poor prognosis. This study evaluates the relationship between SULF2 expression by immunohistochemistry and overall survival in patients with oesophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single tertiary care centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included patients who underwent esophagectomy for invasive oesophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma at a tertiary care centre from 1997 to 2006. We excluded patients with recurrent oesophageal cancer or less than 3 mm invasive tumour on H&E stained slide. A section from each paraffin-embedded tissue specimen was stained with an anti-SULF2 monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pathologist blinded to overall survival determined the percentage and intensity of tumour cells staining. Vital status was obtained through the Social Security Death Master File, and overall survival was calculated from the date of surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-hundred patients with invasive oesophageal cancer were identified, including 75 patients with adenocarcinoma and 25 patients with squamous cell carcinoma. The squamous cell carcinoma samples had a higher mean percentage and intensity of tumour cells staining compared with the adenocarcinoma samples. After adjusting for age, sex, race, histological type, stage and neoadjuvant therapy, for every 10% increase in percentage of tumour cells staining for SULF2, the HR for death increased by 13% (95% CI 1.01 to 1.25; p=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of adenocarcinoma samples and all of the squamous cell carcinoma samples had SULF2 staining. The percentage of tumour cells staining for SULF2 was significantly associated with overall survival. Thus, SULF2 is a potential biomarker in oesophageal cancer and may have an important role in the management of patients with this disease.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery,  University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California,  USA.
authors.forename: Natalie Shaubie
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Annemieke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Zante
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jablons
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lemjabbar-Alaoui