title: Paediatric hanging and strangulation injuries: A 10-year retrospective description of clinical factors and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify early clinical factors that are correlated with death or severe disability in paediatric patients who have sustained an injury by hanging or strangulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all patient records from January 1, 1997, to September 30, 2007, was conducted. Patient records were identified by International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Canada diagnostic codes for asphyxia, strangulation, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, hanging, hypoxemia, hypoxia or anoxia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 109 records were identified. Of these, 41 met the inclusion criteria for the study. Of 19 (46%) children who were pulse-less and received cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 16 died and the survivors were severely disabled. Of the 22 (54%) children who were found with a pulse, 18 made a full recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children who are pulseless at discovery for hanging injuries are at high risk of death or severe disability. Early clinical and neurophysiological indicators should be applied systematically to best guide clinicians and parents in their decision making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watts