title: Inflammation in atrial fibrillation.
abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk for stroke and systemic embolism. There is plausible evidence linking inflammation to the initiation and perpetuation of AF and AF-related thrombosis. Various inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8) have been associated with AF. Proposed mechanisms linking inflammation and the prothrombotic AF state include endothelial activation/damage, production of tissue factor from monocytes, increased platelet activation, and increased expression of fibrinogen. The present review aims to provide an update on the association of inflammation and AF, including the impact of inflammatory markers on clinical presentation and outcome of AF patients.
authors.affiliation: Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Science, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yutao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apostolakis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators