title: Modified surgical protocol for placing implants in the pterygomaxillary region: clinical and radiologic study of 454 implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review a series of 454 pterygoid implants placed more vertically than the previous standard angle (45 degrees) over a functional loading period ranging from 2 months to 14 years with a mean follow-up period of 6 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was made. The sample was composed of patients rehabilitated with pterygoid implants between January 1997 and December 2010. Patient selection criteria included: edentulism on the posterior area of an atrophic maxilla, with less than 8 mm remaining from the sinus floor to the alveolar crest, and the presence of an anterior implant or tooth to ensure mesial support for a partial denture. After a healing period between 2 and 7 months, panoramic x-rays were taken at the time of loading. The implant length, implant diameter, implant success, and the angulation of the pterygoid implants were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred ninety-two patients (206 women and 186 men) ranging in age from 34 to 75 years were fitted with 454 pterygoid implants and followed up. The 18-mm implant length was the most favored implant to fit in the pterygoid area. Implant diameter was 3.75 mm in 448 cases (98.6%). The mean mesiodistal angulation of the pterygoid implants was 70.4 degrees±7.2. After a mean follow-up period of 6 years, 96.5% of the implants placed were successfully osseointegrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that a mesiodistal inclination of the pterygoid implant at 70 degrees relative to the Frankfort plane following the bony column of the pterygoid region decreases the non-axial loads of the rehabilitations and exhibits good long-term survival; however, further studies are needed to assess the long-term survival of implants in the pterygomaxillary region.
authors.affiliation: headquarters@borgroup.net
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Vela
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segalà
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants