title: Dairy food consumption and meal-induced cortisol response interacted to influence weight loss in overweight women undergoing a 12-week, meal-controlled, weight loss intervention.
abstract: Dairy food enhances weight loss in animal models, possibly by modifying the metabolic effects of cortisol. This study determined in overweight women (ages 20.0-45.9 y; n = 51) whether including dairy food in an energy-restricted diet affects cortisol concentrations and whether differences in provoked cortisol explain the magnitude of weight loss. Women received either an adequate amount of dairy food (AD), the equivalent of ≥711 mL/d milk, or a low amount of dairy food (LD), the equivalent to ≤238 mL/d milk, in a 12-wk, energy-restricted dietary intervention. Participants were tested in a 12-h laboratory visit, which included 2 standard meals and a dinner buffet that was consumed ad libitum. Salivary cortisol was measured from waking to bedtime. Energy restriction increased (P ≤ 0.04) the minimum and decreased (P ≤ 0.02) the diurnal amplitude in the salivary cortisol concentration from baseline to postintervention. Energy restriction enhanced the dinner meal-stimulated salivary cortisol response (DMR) (P ≤ 0.02) but only in the LD group. Compared with the LD treatment, the AD treatment induced (P ≤ 0.04) greater reductions in body weight and fat, but only in women characterized as having a baseline DMR (responders) (n = 26); weight and fat lost in the AD and LD groups were similar in nonresponders (n = 25). Overall, energy restriction dampened diurnal salivary cortisol fluctuations [symptomatic of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction] and enhanced dinner meal-stimulated salivary cortisol concentrations. The AD treatment prevented the latter. Furthermore, certain phenotypic markers of HPA axis function may help to expose the weight-reducing effects of consuming dairy food.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Megan G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Witbracht
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Loan
authors.forename: Sean H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Keim
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Laugero
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002140:California; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003611:Dairy Products; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006854:Hydrocortisone