title: Anti-TNF-α biotherapies: perspectives for evidence-based personalized medicine.
abstract: This article discusses the rationale behind recommending immunopharmacological guidance of long-term therapies with genetically engineered anti-TNF-α immunoglobulin constructs. Arguments why therapeutic decision-making should not rely on clinical outcome alone are presented. Central to this is that the use of theranostics (i.e., monitoring circulating levels of functional anti-TNF-α drugs and antidrug antibodies) would markedly improve treatment because therapies can be tailored to individual patients and provide more effective and economical long-term therapies with minimal risk of side effects. Large-scale immunopharmacological knowledge of how patients 'handle' TNF-α biopharmaceuticals would also help industry develop more effective and safer TNF-α inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Inflammation Research (IIR 7521), Rigshospitalet University Hospital, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. klausben@me.com
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bendtzen
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D001691:Biological Therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000068800:Etanercept; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069285:Infliximab; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D057285:Precision Medicine; D015202:Protein Engineering; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab; D000068800:Etanercept