title: Preparation of amphiphilic hollow carbon nanosphere loaded insulin for oral delivery.
abstract: Hollow amphiphilic carbon nanosphere loaded insulin with biodegradable polymer coating (ACP) for oral delivery, was developed to overcome intestinal epithelial barriers and protect insulin from photolytic enzymes. ACP was characterized by laser diffraction spectroscopy for size, distribution and shape by using transmission electron microscopy. Drug-carrier compatibility was studied individually by FTIR and CD spectroscopy. Insulin encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release were determined by Bradford protein assay. Anti-diabetic activity of ACP loaded insulin was determined using Wistar diabetic rats. The mean size of ACP was ∼330 nm with poly index value of 1. Insulin encapsulation efficiency was 93.35%. We observed that ACP formulation suppressed insulin release in acidic media and promoted a sustained release at near neutral conditions. Hence, ACP insulin could be an alternative for injections to diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Central Leather Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India.
authors.forename: Moorthy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganeshkumar
authors.forename: Thangavel
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ponrasu
authors.forename: Muniram
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sathishkumar
authors.forename: Lonchin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Suguna
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D054118:Nanospheres / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007328:Insulin; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C038300:methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer; D002244:Carbon; D048271:Chitosan