title: The effect of urban sewage on benthic macrofauna: a multiple spatial scale approach.
abstract: We investigated the spatial scales of variation of macrofauna in intertidal flats subjected to different levels of contamination from urban effluents in two areas sampled in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex. The scales considered were: Conditions; Tidal flats and Plots. Although the numerically dominant taxa showed the greatest variability at a scale of Tidal flats, the variability at the Condition scale was also significant. Tubificinae sp. 1, Laeonereis culveri and Heteromastus sp. were the most abundant organisms in the Contaminated area, while Heleobia australis was most abundant in the Non-contaminated area. Our results, contrary to those frequently observed in the literature, showed that the variability was significant at the scale of hundreds of metres (Tidal flats). At this scale, the intrinsic characteristics of each tidal flat are more important in determining macrofaunal distribution, while the effects of the urban sewage contamination represent the primary forces acting at a greater spatial scale.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, Pontal do Paraná 83255-976, Brazil.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Brauko
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lana
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*; D044822:Biodiversity; D002947:Cities; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014873:Water Pollutants