title: New perspectives for in vitro risk assessment of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: application of coculture and bioinformatics.
abstract: Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field with wide application for industrial and medical use; therefore, understanding the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials is critical for their commercialization. While short-term in vivo studies have been performed to understand the toxicity profile of various nanomaterials, there is a current effort to shift toxicological testing from in vivo observational models to predictive and high-throughput in vitro models. However, conventional monoculture results of nanoparticle exposure are often disparate and not predictive of in vivo toxic effects. A coculture system of multiple cell types allows for cross-talk between cells and better mimics the in vivo environment. This review proposes that advanced coculture models, combined with integrated analysis of genome-wide in vivo and in vitro toxicogenomic data, may lead to development of predictive multigene expression-based models to better determine toxicity profiles of nanomaterials and consequent potential human health risk due to exposure to these compounds.
authors.affiliation: Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
authors.forename: Brandi N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Snyder-Talkington
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castranova
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D019295:Computational Biology; D006801:Humans; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D043922:Toxicogenetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species