title: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is not essential for nitric oxide production by osteoblasts subjected to fluid shear stress in vitro.
abstract: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has long been held responsible for NO production by mechanically stimulated osteoblasts, but this has recently been disputed. We investigated whether one of the three known NOS isoforms is essential for NO production by mechanically stimulated osteoblasts in vitro and revisited the bone phenotype of the eNOS-/- mouse. Osteoblasts, obtained as outgrowths from mouse calvaria or long bones of wild-type (WT), eNOS-/-, inducible NOS-/- (iNOS-/-), or neuronal NOS-/- (nNOS-/-) mice, were subjected to mechanical stimulation by means of pulsating fluid flow (PFF); and NO production was determined. Tibiae and femora from 8-week-old mice were subjected to μCT and three-point bending tests. Deletion of single NOS isoforms did not lead to significant upregulation of alternate isoforms in cultured osteoblasts from WT, eNOS-/-, iNOS-/-, or nNOS-/- mice. Expression of eNOS mRNA in osteoblasts was below our detection limit, and no differences in growth between WT and eNOS-/- osteoblasts were found. PFF increased NO production by approximately fourfold in WT and eNOS-/- osteoblasts and significantly stimulated NO production in iNOS-/- and nNOS-/- osteoblasts. Tibiae and femora from WT and eNOS-/- mice showed no difference in bone volume and architecture or in mechanical parameters. Our data suggest that mechanical stimuli can enhance NO production by cultured osteoblasts singly deficient for each known NOS isoform and that lack of eNOS does not significantly affect bone mass and strength at 8 weeks of age. Our data challenge the notion that eNOS is a key effector of mechanically induced bone maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Cell Biology, Research Institute MOVE, ACTA-University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.bakker@acta.nl
authors.forename: Astrid D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huesa
authors.forename: Alun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Aspden
authors.forename: Rob J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van't Hof
authors.forename: Jenneke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein-Nulend
authors.forename: Miep H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Helfrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III