title: Prognostic and predictive roles of KRAS mutation in colorectal cancer.
abstract: The RAS gene family is among the most studied and best characterized of the known cancer-related genes. Of the three human ras isoforms, KRAS is the most frequently altered gene, with mutations occurring in 17%-25% of all cancers. In particular, approximately 30%-40% of colon cancers harbor a KRAS mutation. KRAS mutations in colon cancers have been associated with poorer survival and increased tumor aggressiveness. Additionally, KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer lead to resistance to select treatment strategies. In this review we examine the history of KRAS, its prognostic value in patients with colorectal cancer, and evidence supporting its predictive value in determining appropriate therapies for patients with colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. aarrington@coh.org.
authors.forename: Amanda K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Arrington
authors.forename: Eileen L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Marjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duldulao
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia-Aguilar
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011379:Prognosis; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D018631:ras Proteins