title: Differences in weight status and energy-balance related behaviors among schoolchildren in German-speaking Switzerland compared to seven countries in Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overweight in children and adolescents have increased significantly and are a major public health problem. To allow international comparisons, Switzerland joined the European study 'ENERGY' cross sectional survey consortium that investigated the prevalence of overweight and obesity as well as selected dietary, physical and sedentary behaviors of 10-12 years old pupils across seven other countries in Europe. The aims of the present study was to compare body composition and energy-balance related behaviors of Swiss schoolchildren to those of the seven European ENERGY-countries and to analyze overweight and energy-balance related behaviors of Swiss children according to socio-demographic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A school-based cross-sectional study among 10-12 year old children was conducted in Switzerland and seven other European countries using a standardized protocol. Body height, weight and waist-circumference were measured by trained research assistants. Energy-balance related behaviors -i.e. selected dietary, physical activity and screen-viewing behaviors were assessed by questionnaires. Weight status and behaviors in Switzerland were compared to the seven European ENERGY countries. Within the Swiss sample, analyses stratified by gender, parental education and ethnicity were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data of 546 Swiss children (mean age 11.6±0.8y, 48% girls) were obtained and compared to the ENERGY- results (N=7.148; mean age 11.5±0.8y, 48% girls). In Switzerland significantly less children were overweight (13.9%) or obese (2.3%) compared to the average across the ENERGY-countries (23.7% and 4.7%, respectively), and were even somewhat lower than the ENERGY countries with the lowest prevalence. Sugar sweetened beverage intakes and breakfast habits of Swiss children did not differ significantly from those of ENERGY. However, the mean time devoted by Swiss children to walking or cycling to school and attending sports activities was significantly higher and screen time significantly lower compared to the other ENERGY-countries. Within the Swiss, sample relatively large and consistent differences were observed between children from native and non-native ethnicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Swiss children are substantial but significantly lower compared to all other European ENERGY-Partners, probably due to the fact that Swiss children were found to be more active and less sedentary comparing to the rest of the European sample.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dössegger
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mäder
authors.forename: Susi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kriemler
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wunderlin
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grize
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brug
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manios
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braun-Fahrländer
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bringolf-Isler
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D062408:Breakfast; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference