title: Influence of intermittent hypoxia interval training on exercise-dependent erythrocyte NOS activation and blood pressure in diabetic patients.
abstract: NOS-activation in erythrocytes (eryNOS) is impaired in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effect of physical exercise on eryNOS activation and whether 6 week hypoxia interval training may alter this process. Male patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (NIDDM, n = 12; age, 61.3 ± 8.4 years; BMI, 29.8 ± 3.7 kg/m(2)) underwent physical exercise training before and after 6 week hypoxia interval training. Training was conducted 4 times per week for 90 min at 15.4-12.7 Vol% of inspired oxygen. Vital parameters were recorded. Before hypoxia intervention, eryNOS phosphorylation at serine(1177) decreased significantly during exercise (basal 17.4 ± 12.0 compared with exercise 8.4 ± 9.2 arbitrary grey values (arGV); P < 0.05). After 6 weeks of hypoxia intervention, eryNOS-pSer(1177) (2.2 ± 2.5 arGV) was significantly lower at baseline. Ergometry showed an increase (7.6 ± 3.0 arGV; P < 0.05) followed by a decrease to almost baseline levels after 30 min (3.8 ± 1.5 arGV). Maximal exercise capacity and O(2)-uptake ([Formula: see text]  max) increased significantly. The effects were independent from exercise-induced elevation of blood pressure. Exercise-dependent eryNOS phosphorylation at serine(1177) was increased similar to that described for the endothelium in diabetic patients. EryNOS dysregulation was partially restored after intermittent hypoxia training.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ladage
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braunroth
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lenzen
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berghöfer
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: Klara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brixius
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000097:blood*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010100:Oxygen