title: The effect of oral anticoagulation on the prevalence and management of haematuria in a contemporary Australian patient cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  • To examine the effect of oral anticoagulation (OA) on the prevalence and inpatient management of haematuria in a contemporary Australian patient cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  • Patients across all inpatient units who had diagnosis-related group (DRG) coding for haematuria were identified from April 2010 to September 2011. • A retrospective chart review was performed to identify the type of anticoagulation (if any), requirement for bladder irrigation or blood transfusion, length of stay (LOS) and cause of haematuria. • Patients for whom the anticoagulation status was uncertain were excluded from analysis. • Statistical significance was determined by Pearson's chi-square tests and Student's t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  • In all, 335 admissions with DRG coding for haematuria were identified from hospital records, of which 268 admissions had clear documentation of anticoagulation. There were 118 emergency admissions and 150 elective admissions for day case cystoscopy. The mean age of the patients was 66 years and the male:female ratio was 5:1. In all, 123 admissions were for patients on some form of anticoagulation (46%). • Patients were on anticoagulation in 53% of the 118 emergency admissions for gross haematuria. These comprised patients on aspirin (28%), clopidogrel (4%), warfarin (10%), combined aspirin and warfarin (1%) and combined aspirin and clopidogrel (10%). • The use of OA was a significant predictor of the need for intervention among the 118 emergency admissions (86% vs 62%, P = 0.003). • In particular, dual antiplatelet therapy in the form of aspirin and clopidogrel was associated with an increased requirement for bladder irrigation (92%) when compared with patients on other forms of anticoagulation (84%) or none at all (62%, P = 0.01). • The mean LOS for patients admitted to hospital with haematuria was 5.6 days. Patients on warfarin had a statistically significant longer LOS than the other groups (13.7 vs 4.5 days, P < 0.001). A cause for haematuria was identified in 120 of the 234 patients (51%). Of these, the most common was benign prostatic hyperplasia (21%), followed by bladder urothelial carcinoma (17%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • In our cohort of patients, about half of all admissions with haematuria were for patients on some form of OA. • OA use increased the need for intervention, especially for patients on dual antiplatelet therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia. prassannah.satasivam@gmail.com
authors.forename: Prassannah
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Satasivam
authors.forename: Fairleigh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jurstine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daruwalla
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casan
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Royce
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006417:Hematuria / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants