title: Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan-alginate nanoparticles: a targeted therapy for cutaneous pathogens.
abstract: Advances in nanotechnology have demonstrated potential application of nanoparticles (NPs) for effective and targeted drug delivery. Here we investigated the antimicrobial and immunological properties and the feasibility of using NPs to deliver antimicrobial agents to treat a cutaneous pathogen. NPs synthesized with chitosan and alginate demonstrated a direct antimicrobial activity in vitro against Propionibacterium acnes, the bacterium linked to the pathogenesis of acne. By electron microscopy (EM) imaging, chitosan-alginate NPs were found to induce the disruption of the P. acnes cell membrane, providing a mechanism for the bactericidal effect. The chitosan-alginate NPs also exhibited anti-inflammatory properties as they inhibited P. acnes-induced inflammatory cytokine production in human monocytes and keratinocytes. Furthermore, benzoyl peroxide (BP), a commonly used antiacne drug, was effectively encapsulated in the chitosan-alginate NPs and demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity against P. acnes compared with BP alone while demonstrating less toxicity to eukaryotic cells. Together, these data suggest the potential utility of topical delivery of chitosan-alginate NP-encapsulated drug therapy for the treatment of dermatologic conditions with infectious and inflammatory components.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Schairer
authors.forename: Jackson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Champer
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Aslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pirouz
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blecher-Paz
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oren
authors.forename: Phil T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Modlin
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000464:Alginates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001585:Benzoyl Peroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D001585:Benzoyl Peroxide