title: Significant steps in the evolution of analytical chemistry--is the today's analytical chemistry only chemistry?
abstract: In this review the history of chemistry and specifically the history and the significant steps of the evolution of analytical chemistry are presented. In chronological time spans, covering the ancient world, the middle ages, the period of the 19th century, and the three evolutional periods, from the verge of the 19th century to contemporary times, it is given information for the progress of chemistry and analytical chemistry. During this period, analytical chemistry moved gradually from its pure empirical nature to more rational scientific activities, transforming itself to an autonomous branch of chemistry and a separate discipline. It is also shown that analytical chemistry moved gradually from the status of exclusive serving the chemical science, towards serving, the environment, health, law, almost all areas of science and technology, and the overall society. Some recommendations are also directed to analytical chemistry educators concerning the indispensable nature of knowledge of classical analytical chemistry and the associated laboratory exercises and to analysts, in general, why it is important to use the chemical knowledge to make measurements on problems of everyday life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Dourouti, 45100 Ioannina, Greece. mkaragia@cc.uoi.gr
authors.forename: Miltiades I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Karayannis
authors.forename: Constantinos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Efstathiou
mesh_terms: D056246:Chemistry, Analytic / Q000193:education / Q000941:ethics / Q000266:history*; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval