title: H+/K+-ATPase inhibitors: a patent review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  H(+)/K(+)-ATPase is a P-type ATP-driven cation transporter which exchanges ions (protons, chloride ions, and potassium ions) across the cell membrane. Modulators of H(+)/K(+)-ATPase affect H(+)/K(+) exchange.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article describes various H(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors of biological importance in clinical studies and drug development for gastric acid-related diseases and gastrointestinal disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H(+)/K(+)-ATPase modulators have attracted much interest for their clinical implication in gastric acid-related diseases. Future studies of gastric H(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors may focus on the correlation of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics with the gastric acid secretion and development of more effective H(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors to increase their residence time such as tenatoprazole and novel chemical-mediated absorption chemicals. The K(+)-competitive acid pump antagonists (APAs) are invented and independent of an acidic environment with better inhibition of the pump rapidly control acid secretion with a larger extent. The most innovative and promising compounds of APAs is AZD-0865, which is a modification of SCH28080. H(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors can be tried to treat other diseases, especially viral infection after numerous clinical trials, and respiratory disease.
authors.affiliation: Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ji-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yong-Qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010330:Patents as Topic; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C514958:AZD0865; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines