title: Effect of auricular acupuncture on gastrointestinal motility and its relationship with vagal activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vagus nerve stimulation is capable of regulating autonomic nerve function. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the effect of auricular acupuncture (AA) is mediated by the vagus. This study was designed to investigate the effect of AA on gastrointestinal (GI) motility and the relationship of this effect with the vagus nerve.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 rats were divided into five groups for observation of the effects of different types of acupuncture and influencing factors: control, AA, somatic acupuncture (SA), atropine and atropine+AA. The acupuncture points used for AA were ST (Stomach) and SI (Small intestine), while the acupuncture point used for SA was ST36. Electroacupuncture was performed for 15 min. A model of reduced GI motility was established using ethanol, and GI transit rate was used to measure GI motility. Heart rate variability (HRV) and the effect of atropine administration were investigated to study the relationship between AA and vagal activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GI transit rate increased in both the AA and SA groups compared with control, and no significant difference was found between their effects. In addition, after atropine administration, AA was found to be ineffective in influencing the GI transit rate. In the HRV analysis, no significant differences were found in the absolute low frequency normalised units, high frequency normalised units or the low frequency/high frequency component ratio in the AA or SA groups compared with control. After administration of atropine AA still had no effect on HRV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The function of AA in improving GI motility is similar to that of SA, and this effect can be blocked by the presence of atropine, indicating that this effect is regulated by the vagus. However, HRV did not reflect the acupuncture-induced changes in vagal nerve function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yin-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D020831:Acupuncture, Ear; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate; D008297:Male; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010276:Parasympatholytics; D000431:Ethanol; D001285:Atropine