title: Confirmatory factor analysis of the pain care quality surveys (PainCQ©).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the reliability and validity and to decrease the battery of items in the Pain Care Quality (PainCQ(©) ) Surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient-reported data were collected prospectively from 337 hospitalized adult patients with pain on medical/surgical oncology units in four hospitals in three states.
  
  
  METHODS
  This methodological study used a cross-sectional survey design. Each consenting patient completed two PainCQ(©) Surveys, the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form, and demographic questions. Clinical data were extracted from the medical record.
  
  
  METHODS
  All data were double entered into a Microsoft Access database, cleaned, and then extracted into SPSS, AMOS, and Mplus for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analysis using Structural Equation Modeling supported the initial factor structure. Modification indices guided decisions that resulted in a superior, parsimonious model for the PainCQ-Interdisciplinary Care Survey (six items, two subscales) and the PainCQ-Nursing Care Survey (14 items, three subscales). Cronbach's alpha coefficients all exceeded .80.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cumulative evidence supports the reliability and validity of the companion PainCQ(©) Surveys in hospitalized patients with pain in the oncology setting. The tools may be relevant in both clinical research and quality improvement. Future research is recommended in other populations, settings, and with more diverse groups.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. marge.pett@nurs.utah.edu
authors.forename: Marjorie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pett
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Jia-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Gail L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Towsley
authors.forename: Jeannine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brant
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lavoie Smith
authors.forename: Patricia H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Donaldson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016522:Oncology Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*