title: Arterial blood pressure and serum lipids in a population of children and adolescents from Southern Italy: the Calabrian Sierras Community Study (CSCS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipid standards in Italy are lacking in children and adolescents whereas those for blood pressure (BP) were derived from US surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 14-town community in Southern Italy 1657 (64%) of 2594 children aged 6-14 years were enrolled and anthropometric, BP, lipid and glucose serum levels were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average systolic BP was 101 ± 11 (60-150) mm Hg and cholesterol (CholT) level was 156 ± 28 (57-264) mg/dl. There were positive (p<0.00001) age-trends for systolic BP and body mass index (BMI) in both genders whereas age-trends for CholT and heart rate were negative (p<0.00001). A negative age-trend in both genders was also seen for non-HDL cholesterol (p<0.03). Based on 95% percentile gender and age distributions, there were 177 (10.68%) hypertensive (HT) and 82 (4.94%) hypercholesterolemic (HC) children or adolescents. Univariately, HT had higher (p<0.00001) height, weight, BMI, arm circumference, hips, waist, diastolic BP and waist/height, whereas HC had higher LDL-, HDL and non-HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (p<0.01). Systolic BP was predicted (r(2)=0.2810, p=0.00001) by age (t=2.319, p<0.0205), male gender (t=3.179, p<0.0015), glucose (t=2.357, p<0.0186), height (t=2.473, p<0.0135), arm circumference (t=3.313, p<0.0009) and heart rate (t=4.161, p<0.00001). CholT was related inversely (r(2)=0.1399, p=0.00001) to height (t=-3.928, p<0.0001), weight (t=-3.922, p<0.0001) and waist/height (t=-4.797, p<0.00001) and directly to BMI (t=3.064, p<0.0022), waist (t=5.149, p<0.0000), triglycerides (t=11.332, p<0.00001) and female gender (t=-2.041, p<0.0414).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these Southern Italian children and adolescents systolic BP and CholT are related with anthropometric and other variables, not confined to height. BP is lower than previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: francesco.martino30@tin.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Paolo Emilio
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Puddu
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pannarale
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colantoni
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zanoni
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barillà
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol