title: Dopaminergic dysregulation, artistic expressiveness, and Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The most frequent behavioral manifestations in Parkinson's disease (PD) are attributed to the dopaminergic dysregulation syndrome (DDS), which is considered to be secondary to the iatrogenic effects of the drugs that replace dopamine. Over the past few years some cases of patients improving their creative abilities after starting treatment with dopaminergic pharmaceuticals have been reported. These effects have not been clearly associated to DDS, but a relationship has been pointed out.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case study of a patient with PD. The evolution of her paintings along medication changes and disease advance has been analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient showed a compulsive increase of pictorial production after the diagnosis of PD was made. She made her best paintings when treated with cabergolide, and while painting, she reported a feeling of well-being, with loss of awareness of the disease and reduction of physical limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dopaminergic antagonists (DA) trigger a dopaminergic dysfunction that alters artistic creativity in patients having a predisposition for it. The development of these skills might be due to the dopaminergic overstimulation due to the therapy with DA, which causes a neurophysiological alteration that globally determines DDS.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca, Institut d'Assistència Sanitària, Girona, Spain ; Unitat de Valoració de la Memòria i les Demències, Hospital Santa Caterina de Salt, Salt, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: López-Pousa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lombardía-Fernández
authors.forename: J Garre
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Olmo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monserrat-Vila
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilalta-Franch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calvó-Perxas