title: Comparing the performance of the standard EQ-5D 3L with the new version EQ-5D 5L in patients with chronic hepatic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the performance of the EQ-5D-5L version compared with the standard EQ-5D-3L in a clinical setting targeted at patients with chronic hepatic diseases (CHDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We introduced the 5L descriptive system into a cost-of-illness study involving patients with different CHDs. The patients completed a questionnaire including the two versions of the EQ-5D, together with other questions related to their condition. We tested the feasibility, the level of inconsistency, the redistribution properties among consistent responses, the ceiling effect, the discriminative power, and the convergent validity of the 5L compared with the 3L system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,088 valid patients were recruited: 62% male, 19-89 (median = 59) years old. Patients had chronic hepatitis from HCV (31.8%) or HBV infections (29.3%) or other causes (7.8%), 20.4% had cirrhosis, 11.9% underwent liver transplantation, and 7.8% had hepatic carcinoma. Less than 1% of EQ-5D-5L were returned blank, and 1.6% or less of missing values were calculated on the dimensions of the partially completed questionnaires. The proportion and weight of inconsistent responses (i.e., 3L responses that were at least two levels away from the 5L responses) was 2.9% and 1.2 on average, respectively. Regarding redistribution, 57-65% of the patients answering level 2 with the 3L version redistributed their responses to levels 2 or 4 with the 5L version. A relative 7% reduction of the ceiling effect was found. Furthermore, the absolute informativity increased but the relative informativity slightly decreased in every domain, and the convergent validity with the VAS improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a clinical setting involving CHD patients, the EQ-5D-5L was shown to be feasible and with promising levels of performance. Our findings suggest that the 5L performs better in at least some of the properties analyzed, and encourage further research to also test other psychometric properties of this new version of the EQ-5D.
authors.affiliation: CESP, Research Centre on Public Health, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. luciana.scalone@fondazionecharta.org
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scalone
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ciampichini
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fagiuoli
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gardini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fusco
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaeta
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Prete
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cesana
authors.forename: Lorenzo G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Mantovani
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires