title: In vivo assessment of cancerous tumors using boron doped diamond microelectrode.
abstract: The in vitro and in vivo electrochemical detection of the reduced form of glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) using boron doped diamond (BDD) microelectrode for potential application in the assessment of cancerous tumors is presented. Accurate calibration curve for the determination of GSH could be obtained by the in vitro electrochemical measurements. Additionally, it was shown that it was possible to separate the detection of GSH from the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) using chronoamperometry measurements. In vivo GSH detection measurements have been performed in human cancer cells inoculated in immunodeficient mice. These measurements have shown that the difference of GSH level between cancerous and normal tissues can be detected. Moreover, GSH detection measurements carried out before and after X-ray irradiation have proved that it is possible to assess in vivo the decrease in GSH concentration in the tumor after a specific treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan. sfierro@chem.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fierro
authors.forename: Momoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimi
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saya
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Einaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001895:Boron / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis*; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D018130:Diamond; D005978:Glutathione; D001895:Boron; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide