title: The bacterial cytoskeleton: more than twisted filaments.
abstract: Far from being simple 'bags' of enzymes, bacteria are richly endowed with ultrastructures that challenge and expand standard definitions of the cytoskeleton. Here we review rods, rings, twisted pairs, tubes, sheets, spirals, moving patches, meshes and composites, and suggest defining the term 'bacterial cytoskeleton' as all cytoplasmic protein filaments and their superstructures that move or scaffold (stabilize/position/recruit) other cellular materials. The evolution of each superstructure has been driven by specific functional requirements. As a result, while homologous proteins with different functions have evolved to form surprisingly divergent superstructures, those of unrelated proteins with similar functions have converged.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, M/C 114-96, Pasadena, CA, USA. martin-pilhofer@web.de
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pilhofer
authors.forename: Grant J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism