title: Neuroprotective effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in rats when administered pre- or post-traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Our previous study indicated that consuming (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) before or after traumatic brain injury (TBI) eliminated free radical generation in rats, resulting in inhibition of neuronal degeneration and apoptotic death, and improvement of cognitive impairment. Here we investigated the effects of administering EGCG at various times pre- and post-TBI on cerebral function and morphology. Wistar rats were divided into five groups and were allowed access to (1) normal drinking water, (2) EGCG pre-TBI, (3) EGCG pre- and post-TBI, (4) EGCG post-TBI, and (5) sham-operated group with access to normal drinking water. TBI was induced with a pneumatic controlled injury device at 10 weeks of age. Immunohistochemistry and lipid peroxidation studies revealed that at 1, 3, and 7 days post-TBI, the number of 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine-, 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal- and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-positive cells, and levels of malondialdehyde around the damaged area were significantly decreased in all EGCG treatment groups compared with the water group (P < 0.05). Although there was a significant increase in the number of surviving neurons after TBI in each EGCG treatment group compared with the water group (P < 0.05), significant improvement of cognitive impairment after TBI was only observed in the groups with continuous and post-TBI access to EGCG (P < 0.05). These results indicate that EGCG inhibits free radical-induced neuronal degeneration and apoptotic death around the area damaged by TBI. Importantly, continuous and post-TBI access to EGCG improved cerebral function following TBI. In summary, consumption of green tea may be an effective therapy for TBI patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan. tatsuki@med.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabuchi
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizuguchi
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imano
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsubaki
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Munakata
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satou
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded / Q000378:metabolism; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal