title: Facial variation: from visual assessment to three-dimensional quantification.
abstract: The extensive study presented by Toma and coworkers is one of the first presenting normative three-dimensional soft tissue face data derived from a large group of 15-year-old Caucasians using laser surface scanning. This data is not only important to quantify facial variation in a normal population but can help to analyse facial dysmorphology. The study methodology and statistical handling of the data provide a good basis for future studies into facial variation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. orthodontics@dent.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kuijpers-Jagtman
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male