title: Anthracofibrosis involving lung parenchyma: CT findings and long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe computed tomographic (CT) findings of anthracofibrosis involving lung parenchyma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively reviewed CT findings of 34 patients with anthracofibrosis involving lung parenchyma, showing deposition of anthracotic pigmentation with focal fibrotic lesions on histologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Types included nodules (41.2%), masses (55.9%), and fibrotic consolidation (2.9%). The mean size was 26.8 mm. The most common location was right upper lobe (n = 10). Satellite nodules were identified in 5 patients, calcification was identified in 11 patients, necrotic low attenuation was identified in 9 patients, and marginal spicule was identified in 26 patients (76.5%). The CT images showed airway manifestation of anthracofibrosis in 13 patients, nodal manifestation in 11 patients, and inactive tuberculosis in 14 patients. Initial radiologic diagnosis included tuberculosis (n = 10), lung cancer (n = 9), organized pneumonia (n = 7), nonspecific pulmonary nodule (n = 7), and anthracofibrosis (n = 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anthracofibrosis involving lung parenchyma appears as a nodule, mass, or fibrotic consolidation, surrounded by long spicule. It may be the spectrum of bronchial anthracofibrosis involving small airway of lung parenchyma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ra Gyoung
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Mi Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Sun
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Se Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055008:Anthracosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*