title: Anthropometric measures in relation to risk of heart failure hospitalization: a Swedish population-based cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unclear which anthropometric measure is most useful for assessment of the cardiovascular risk. We investigated the association between different anthropometric measures and risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMI, waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BF%), weight and height were measured among 26,653 subjects (aged 45-73 years) without history of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or HF from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort at baseline in 1991-96. Incidence of HF hospitalizations was monitored during a mean follow-up of 15 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven hundred and twenty-seven subjects were hospitalized with HF as primary diagnosis, of whom 157 had an MI before or concurrent with the HF. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the hazard ratios of HF hospitalization (fourth vs. first sex-specific quartile) were 1.80 (95% CI: 1.45-2.24) for BMI, 1.87 (1.50-2.34) for WC, 1.77 (1.43-2.19) for WHR, 1.35 (1.09-1.68) for BF%, 1.93 (1.57-2.39) for weight and 1.18 (0.96-1.44) for height. Significant interactions between BMI and WC and WHR, respectively, were observed, and the joint exposure of high BMI and high WC or high WHR further increased the risk. The results were similar in secondary analyses, i.e., excluding incident HF with previous MI during the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the view that raised BMI, WC, WHR or BF% increases the risk of HF hospitalization. The joint exposure of high BMI and high WHR or high WC further increased the risk in an additive way.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Borné
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedblad
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Essén
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engström
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology