title: Treatment of a bone defect consequent to the removal of a periapical cyst with equine bone and equine membranes: clinical and histological outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While deproteinized bovine bone and bovine membranes have been well studied and can yield good results when used to treat bone defects and peri-implant dehiscences, enzymatically deantigenated equine bone and equine membranes have emerged as possible alternative biomaterials. The objective of this study was the clinical and histological assessment of such materials: equine bone granules, an equine collagen membrane and an equine pericardium membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enzymatically deantigenated equine bone and an equine collagen membrane were used to restore a bone defect caused by the removal of a bone cyst in the upper anterior maxilla. After 4.5 months, an implant was placed and a bone core sample was obtained from the grafted site. Implants threads, though, were exposed. This defect was grafted with a mixture of autogenous and equine bone and covered with an equine pericardium membrane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four months after implant placement the peri-implant bone levels were maintained. A prosthesis was delivered three months later providing functional and esthetic rehabilitation. Also four-year follow-up controls showed implant success. Histological analysis of the bone core revealed that the graft material had undergone remodelling, and a fair amount of newly formed vital bone was present at the time of sample collection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The deantigenated equine bone is biocompatible and undergoes osteoclastic remodelling. Both the equine collagen and pericardium membrane acted as effective barriers for guided bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Vita e Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. distefano@centrocivitali.it
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Di Stefano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreasi Bassi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cinci
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pieri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ammirabile
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008566:Membranes / Q000637:transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011842:Radicular Cyst / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome