title: Qualitative comparison of sonic or laser energisation of 4% sodium hypochlorite on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm grown in vitro.
abstract: The effectiveness of sonic activation, laser activation and syringe irrigation of 4% sodium hypochlorite in removing an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm was compared. Biofilms were grown in extracted human single rooted teeth using a flow cell apparatus. After 4 weeks' growth, teeth were subjected to each treatment using 4% sodium hypochlorite and radicular dentinal surfaces of the root canals were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that sonic activation and syringe irrigation with sodium hypochlorite showed reduced numbers of bacterial cells on the radicular dentine but were not effective in eliminating E. faecalis in the dentinal tubules. Laser activation of sodium hypochlorite resulted in clean dentine walls and undetectable levels of bacteria within dentinal tubules. Qualitatively, sonic or laser activation of 4% NaOCl resulted in greater bacterial reduction compared with syringe irrigation, with laser activation producing the greatest overall reduction.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Aaron N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Seet
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Zilm
authors.forename: Neville J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Gully
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cathro
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite