title: Dietary acrylamide intake during pregnancy and fetal growth-results from the Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acrylamide has shown developmental and reproductive toxicity in animals, as well as neurotoxic effects in humans with occupational exposures. Because it is widespread in food and can pass through the human placenta, concerns have been raised about potential developmental effects of dietary exposures in humans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed associations of prenatal exposure to dietary acrylamide with small for gestational age (SGA) and birth weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 50,651 women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Acrylamide exposure assessment was based on intake estimates obtained from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which were compared with hemoglobin (Hb) adduct measurements reflecting acrylamide exposure in a subset of samples (n = 79). Data on infant birth weight and gestational age were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Multivariable regression was used to estimate associations between prenatal acrylamide and birth outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acrylamide intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with fetal growth. When women in the highest quartile of acrylamide intake were compared with women in the lowest quartile, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for SGA was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.21) and the coefficient for birth weight was -25.7 g (95% CI: -35.9, -15.4). Results were similar after excluding mothers who smoked during pregnancy. Maternal acrylamide- and glycidamide-Hb adduct levels were correlated with estimated dietary acrylamide intakes (Spearman correlations = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.44; and 0.48; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.63, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lowering dietary acrylamide intake during pregnancy may improve fetal growth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Talita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duarte-Salles
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Stedingk
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Granum
authors.forename: Kristine B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Gützkow
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rydberg
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Törnqvist
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brunborg
authors.forename: Anne Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Brantsæter
authors.forename: Helle Margrete
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haugen
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway; D011247:Pregnancy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D020106:Acrylamide