title: Trades of dangers: a study of asbestos industry transfer cases in Asia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a study of asbestos industry transfers in Asia, we examined the transfer of health and safety measures at the time of industry transfer and resulting health outcomes thereafter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Field surveys were conducted in Japan, Germany, Indonesia, and South Korea over a 5 year period beginning in 2007. The surveys involved interviews and field assessments of health and safety conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even when there were transfers of entire engineering plant processes, we observed that the health and safety measures that should have accompanied the transfer, including technical capacities of risk assessment and management, regulatory protection, and cultural practices, were not actually transferred. According to work environment assessment records, there were differences in airborne asbestos levels of approximately 5-6 fibers/cc between the exporting and importing sides of the transfer. This amounted to a 10 years of time delay in comparable health and safety conditions. These differences resulted in repeated adverse health consequences at each factory operation site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dangerous transfers of asbestos industry technology have occurred repeatedly over the years with the result that Asia has become the largest consumer of asbestos in the world. No effective internationally accepted safety measures have been introduced in the region. The study results support the need for both improved public awareness and international cooperation, such as sharing of substitute material technologies by the exporting countries, and provide the rationale for the creation of an Asian fund for asbestos victims.
authors.affiliation: Asian Citizen's Center for Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sinye
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Domyung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D001194:Asbestos / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D001195:Asbestosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D003132:Commerce; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007564:Japan; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000592:standards*; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013783:Textile Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001194:Asbestos