title: Racial differences among patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery: a population-based trend analysis from 2002 to 2008.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery (LGBS) has become the most widely used bariatric procedure due to its beneficial long-term outcomes for patients with morbid obesity. However, it is unclear whether racial differences in admission for LGBS have changed over time compared to racial differences in all other admissions. We aimed to investigate the trends and differences in the use of LGBS among white, African-American, and Hispanic patients from 2002 to 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a secondary analysis of data on obese adult patients operated between 2002 and 2008, using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. The probability of being admitted for LGBS was estimated using logistic regression with race, year, and year by race interaction as predictors, controlling for numerous patient and hospital characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1,704,972 obese hospitalized patients captured through NIS from 2002 to 2008, 2.6 % underwent LGBS (2.8 % Whites, 1.7 % African-Americans, and 2.6 % Hispanics). In adjusted analysis, obese African-American (OR 0.48, p < 0.001) and Hispanic patients (OR 0.59, p < 0.001) were less likely to be admitted for LGBS than white patients in 2002. Race-year interactions showed that the odds of African-Americans undergoing LGBS significantly increased from 2002 to 2008 compared with Whites (annual OR 1.03, p < 0.001) while no such increase was detected for Hispanics (annual OR 1.02, p = 0.11). In 2008, African-American (OR 0.58, p < 0.001) and Hispanic patients (OR 0.65, p < 0.001) still had lower odds than white patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study showing that the difference in the use of LGBS between obese African-American and white patients declined between 2002 and 2008. However, LGBS use still remained significantly lower for both African-American and Hispanic patients in 2008 compared with white patients.
authors.affiliation: Research on Research Group, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Worni
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Guller
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Maciejewski
authors.forename: Lesley H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Mihir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pietrobon
authors.forename: Danny O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Truls
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Østbye
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000208:ethnology / Q000601:surgery*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*