title: Expression of Trefoil factor family peptides in the nasal allergic mucosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trefoil factor family peptides (TFFs) are the secretory products of mucous cells and are closely associated with mucins. TFFs appear to be important in mucosal healing processes. Although TFF1/3 are expressed in the human respiratory tract, their role in the nasal mucosa is not thoroughly understood. We investigated the association between TFFs and mucins and the role TFFs in the human nasal mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing turbinectomy were included and it was determined whether patients had nasal allergies or not. The localization of TFF1/3, MUC5AC/5B expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry. The levels of the mRNA transcripts were examined using quantitative real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TFF1/3 had a similar pattern of localization in epithelial goblet cells and submucosal glandular cells. TFF1/3 co-localized with MUC5AC in the epithelium, and co-localized with MUC5B in the epithelium and the submucosal glandular cells. The levels of TFF1/3 and MUC5B mRNA in allergic patients were significantly increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that TFF1/3 may associate with MUC5AC and MUC5B in the nasal mucosa, and that up-regulation of TFF1/3 and MUC5B may play an important role in the clinical condition of the nasal allergic mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. d063494@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishino
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Keishin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: Sachio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeno
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takumida
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055271:Mucin 5AC / Q000378:metabolism; D055257:Mucin-5B / Q000378:metabolism; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C524678:MUC5AC protein, human; C524578:MUC5B protein, human; D055271:Mucin 5AC; D055257:Mucin-5B; D009077:Mucins; D010455:Peptides; C051838:TFF1 protein, human; C082495:TFF3 protein, human; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins