title: Quantum interferometry with three-dimensional geometry.
abstract: Quantum interferometry uses quantum resources to improve phase estimation with respect to classical methods. Here we propose and theoretically investigate a new quantum interferometric scheme based on three-dimensional waveguide devices. These can be implemented by femtosecond laser waveguide writing, recently adopted for quantum applications. In particular, multiarm interferometers include "tritter" and "quarter" as basic elements, corresponding to the generalization of a beam splitter to a 3- and 4-port splitter, respectively. By injecting Fock states in the input ports of such interferometers, fringe patterns characterized by nonclassical visibilities are expected. This enables outperforming the quantum Fisher information obtained with classical fields in phase estimation. We also discuss the possibility of achieving the simultaneous estimation of more than one optical phase. This approach is expected to open new perspectives to quantum enhanced sensing and metrology performed in integrated photonics.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spagnolo
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aparo
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vitelli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crespi
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramponi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osellame
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mataloni
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sciarrino