title: Sex differences in young patients with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify sex differences in risk factors, presenting symptoms and outcomes of young patients with acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We adopted a comprehensive approach and performed two parallel studies: (1) using provincial administrative databases from Quebec, Canada from 2000 to 2007, we identified baseline characteristics and post-acute myocardial infarction survival of patients aged < 50 years (n = 10,619); (2) to overcome the lack of clinical data in the administrative databases, a medical chart review was performed on 215 patients < 50 years of age with an acute myocardial infarction between April 2000 and August 2006 from our institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administrative cohort: fewer women than men sought medical attention for retrosternal chest pain 1-month pre-acute myocardial infarction (P = 0.035). Diabetes and hypertension were more prevalent in women, and patients equally received interventional procedures post-infarction. Diabetes significantly reduced post-infarction survival in men and women [HR = 2.02 (95% CI 1.21-3.36) and HR = 2.25 (95% CI 1.06-4.80), respectively]. However, young women had greater post-infarction mortality in-hospital and up to 1 year after discharge (4.23% vs. 2.21%, respectively; P = 0.005). Medical chart review: diabetes and hypertension were more prevalent in women, while men were more obese. There were no significant sex differences in typical presenting symptoms, or in interventional procedures post-infarction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young men and women with acute myocardial infarctions equally presented with retrosternal chest pain, although fewer women sought medical attention for retrosternal chest pain before admission. Diabetes and hypertension were more prevalent in young women, and mortality was higher in young female patients. Our results highlight the continued need for diabetes prevention and control in young patients, especially women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Egiziano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhtari
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pilote
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Daskalopoulou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin