title: Iodine nutrition during pregnancy in Toronto, Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the status of iodine nutrition among pregnant women presenting for routine antenatal care in Toronto, Canada, as determined by the median urine iodine concentration (UIC) of this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted involving 142 pregnant women recruited from four low-risk antenatal outpatient clinics in Toronto, Canada. Subjects completed a questionnaire and provided a spot urine sample for the measurement of iodine concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean maternal age was 33.8 ± 4.3 years. Mean gestational age was 29.3 ± 7.8 weeks. The median UIC was 221 μg/L (interquartile range, 142 to 397 μg/L). Six women (4.2%) had urine iodine levels <50 μg/L, and 36 women (25.4%) had levels between 50 and 150 μg/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cohort of primarily Caucasian, well-educated, and relatively affluent pregnant women in Toronto, Canada, are iodine sufficient, perhaps due to universal salt iodization and/or other dietary and lifestyle factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Pamela M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Lewis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Braverman
authors.forename: Elizabeth N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jaclyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vertes
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okun
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Walfish
authors.forename: Denice S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Feig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine*; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011295:Prenatal Care; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine