title: Marine omega-3 phospholipids: metabolism and  biological activities.
abstract: The biological activities of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) have been under extensive study for several decades. However, not much attention has been paid to differences of dietary forms, such as triglycerides (TGs) versus ethyl esters or phospholipids (PLs). New innovative marine raw materials, like krill and fish by-products, present n-3 FAs mainly in the PL form. With their increasing availability, new evidence has emerged on n-3 PL biological activities and differences to n-3 TGs. In this review, we describe the recently discovered nutritional properties of n-3 PLs on different parameters of metabolic syndrome and highlight their different metabolic bioavailability in comparison to other dietary forms of n-3 FAs.
authors.affiliation: Aker BioMarine ASA, Fjordalléen 16, NO-0115 Oslo, Norway. kjetil.berge@akerbiomarine.com.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burri
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hoem
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banni
authors.forename: Kjetil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism; D003358:Cosmetics; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004952:Esters; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019649:Food Industry; D006801:Humans; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D004952:Esters; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides