title: Effects of Tamarind (Tamarindus indicus Linn) seed extract on Russell's viper (Daboia russelli siamensis) venom.
abstract: Snake bite has been regarded as an important health problem in Myanmar since   early 1960's. In the recent years, there has been growing interest in alternative therapies and   therapeutic use of natural products, especially those derive from plants. In Myanmar and   Indian traditional medicine, various plants have used as a remedy for treating snake bite. The   present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of alcohol extract of Tamarind   (Tamarindus indica Linn.) seed on some biologic properties of Russell's viper (Daboia russelli   siamensis) venom (RVV). The Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme, coagulase enzyme and   caseinolytic enzyme activities of Russell's viper venom (RVV) were reduced when mixed and   incubated with the extract. When the RVV and the different amount of extracts were   preincubated and injected intramuscularly into mice, all of them survived, but all the mice in   the control group died. On the other hand, when RVV were injected first followed by the   extract into mice, all of them died. If the extract was injected near the site where Russell's   viper venom was injected, all the mice survived for more than 24 hours and the survival time   prolonged but they all died within 96 hours. In conclusion, according to the results obtained,   the extract neutralizes some biologic properties of the Russell's viper venom and prolonged   the survival time if the extract was injected near the site where the Russell's viper venom was   injected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Science, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Malaysia. bckhinmgmg@gmail.com
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Maung
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lynn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003030:Coagulase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D002052:Myanmar; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D017840:Daboia; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D016019:Survival Analysis; D029861:Tamarindus / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014688:Venoms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D003030:Coagulase; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D014688:Venoms; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C030895:caseinase