title: Axenic culture of fastidious and intracellular bacteria.
abstract: The culture of microorganisms has been the basis of microbiology. However, revolutionary tools such as metagenomics have made it possible to describe uncultivated bacteria, but several breakthroughs have occurred in culture leading to a revival of these techniques. In this review we focus on new applications that have successfully cultivated previously uncultivated bacteria. We also review the axenic cultivation of intracellular bacteria such as Tropheryma whipplei and Coxiella burnetii. These successes provide new tools for the design of axenic media for intracellular bacteria, such as Rickettsiae and Chlamydiae, or historically uncultivable pathogens, such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum. The future axenic culture of these microorganisms will facilitate antibiotic susceptibility testing and will provide insight into their microbial ecology and pathogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1095, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 5, France.
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eldin
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalczewska
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
mesh_terms: D061245:Axenic Culture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*