title: Photon activation therapy of RG2 glioma carrying Fischer rats using stable thallium and monochromatic synchrotron radiation.
abstract: 75 RG2 glioma-carrying Fischer rats were treated by photon activation therapy (PAT) with monochromatic synchrotron radiation and stable thallium. Three groups were treated with thallium in combination with radiation at different energy; immediately below and above the thallium K-edge, and at 50 keV. Three control groups were given irradiation only, thallium only, or no treatment at all. For animals receiving thallium in combination with radiation to 15 Gy at 50 keV, the median survival time was 30 days, which was 67% longer than for the untreated controls (p = 0.0020) and 36% longer than for the group treated with radiation alone (not significant). Treatment with thallium and radiation at the higher energy levels were not effective at the given absorbed dose and thallium concentration. In the groups treated at 50 keV and above the K-edge, several animals exhibited extensive and sometimes contra-lateral edema, neuronal death and frank tissue necrosis. No such marked changes were seen in the other groups. The results were discussed with reference to Monte Carlo calculated electron energy spectra and dose enhancement factors.
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden. crister.ceberg@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Crister
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ceberg
authors.forename: Bo-Anders
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Prezado
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pommer
authors.forename: Henrietta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nittby
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Englund
authors.forename: Gustav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grafström
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edvardsson
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stenvall
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strömblad
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wingårdh
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elleaume
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baldetorp
authors.forename: Leif G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Salford
authors.forename: Sven-Erik
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Strand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004583:Electrons; D005910:Glioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D017785:Photons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017356:Synchrotrons; D013793:Thallium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D013793:Thallium