title: Regulation of T helper cell subsets by cyclooxygenases and their metabolites.
abstract: Cyclooxygenases and their metabolites are important regulators of inflammatory responses and play critical roles in regulating the differentiation of T helper cell subsets in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we highlight new information on regulation of T helper cell subsets by cyclooxygenases and their metabolites. Prostanoids influence cytokine production by both antigen presenting cells and T cells to regulate the differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cells to Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell phenotypes. Cyclooxygenases and PGE2 generally exacerbate Th2 and Th17 phenotypes, while suppressing Th1 differentiation. Thus, cycloxygenases may play a critical role in diseases that involve immune cell dysfunction. Targeting of cyclooxygenases and their eicosanoid products may represent a new approach for treatment of inflammatory diseases, tumors and autoimmune disorders.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Edin
authors.forename: Artiom
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gruzdev
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: J Alyce
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bradbury
authors.forename: Joan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: DeGraff
authors.forename: Darryl C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Zeldin
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D015232:Dinoprostone