title: Subjective responses to oral tobacco products: scale validation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several noncombusted oral tobacco products have been introduced that are primarily marketed to cigarette smokers. An important component of evaluating these products involves assessment of subjective responses to the product. To date, few studies have been undertaken to examine the validity of subjective response questionnaires for oral tobacco products. The goal of this study is to examine the extent subjective responses to a product are related to product preference and extent of product use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a study examining oral tobacco product preference were used. Smokers were asked to sample a variety of oral tobacco products that differed in formulation (snus versus dissolvables) and dose of nicotine. At the end of the sampling period, subjects were asked to choose the product that they would use to completely substitute for cigarettes for the next 2 weeks. During the sampling period, subjects completed a Product Evaluation Scale (PES) that describes subjective responses to the product. During the treatment phase, they kept record of amount of product use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjective responses to the product on the PES were related to product choice and to some extent, the amount of product use. Product choice was associated with different characteristics of the product and smoker needs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PES may be a useful tool for the evaluation or oral tobacco products.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. hatsu001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Dorothy K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Herb H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Severson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D040541:Marketing / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D009922:Oregon; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless