title: How to ask: older adults' preferred tools in health outcome prioritization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess older adults' attitudes toward eliciting health outcome priorities.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational cohort study of 356 community-living adults age ≥65 included three tools: (1) Health Outcomes: ranking four outcomes (survival, function, freedom from pain, and freedom from other symptoms); (2) Now vs. Later: rating importance of current versus future quality of life; (3) Attitude Scale: agreement with statements about health outcomes and current versus future health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas 41% preferred Health Outcomes, 40% preferred the Attitude Scale. Only 7-12% rated any tool as very hard or hard. In bivariate analysis, participants of non-white race and with lower education, health literacy, and functional status were significantly more likely to rate at least one of the tools as easy (p < .05). Across all tools, 17% of participants believed tools would change care. The main reason for thinking there would be no change was satisfaction with existing care (62%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is variability in how older persons wish to be asked about health outcome priorities. Few find this task difficult, and difficulty was not greater among participants with lower health literacy, education, or health status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By offering different tools, healthcare providers can help patients clarify their health outcome priorities.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA. siobhan.case@yale.edu
authors.forename: Siobhan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: Terri R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Leary
mesh_terms: D002755:Choice Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014956:Writing