title: Evaluation of head-free eye tracking as an input device for air traffic control.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to integrate a free head motion eye-tracking system as input device in air traffic control (ATC) activity. Sixteen participants used an eye tracker to select targets displayed on a screen as quickly and accurately as possible. We assessed the impact of the presence of visual feedback about gaze position and the method of target selection on selection performance under different difficulty levels induced by variations in target size and target-to-target separation. We tend to consider that the combined use of gaze dwell-time selection and continuous eye-gaze feedback was the best condition as it suits naturally with gaze displacement over the ATC display and free the hands of the controller, despite a small cost in terms of selection speed. In addition, target size had a greater impact on accuracy and selection time than target distance. These findings provide guidelines on possible further implementation of eye tracking in ATC everyday activity.
  We investigated the possibility to integrate a free head motion eye-tracking system as input device in air traffic control (ATC). We found that the combined use of gaze dwell-time selection and continuous eye-gaze feedback allowed the best performance and that target size had a greater impact on performance than target distance.
authors.affiliation: DSNA, DTI R&D, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Mickaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Causse
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vachon
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parise
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dehais
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Terrier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001359:Aviation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005133:Eye Movements; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011930:Reaction Time; D012858:Size Perception; D014584:User-Computer Interface