title: Economic burden associated with extrapyramidal symptoms in a medicaid population with schizophrenia.
abstract: No studies have assessed the economic impact of extrapyramidal symptoms due to atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia. To assess healthcare resource use and medical costs associated with extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. A retrospective analysis of Marketscan(®) Medicaid Multi-State Database (2004-2009) was conducted. Patients with schizophrenia and newly initiated on an AAP were included. Patients with and without extrapyramidal symptoms were matched using propensity-score matching. Healthcare utilization and costs were assessed in the 12-month follow-up period using logistic and two-part (gamma) regression models. Of 4,621 patients, 583 (12.6 %) had extrapyramidal symptoms. Patients with extrapyramidal symptoms had significantly more schizophrenia-related and all-cause hospitalizations and schizophrenia-related emergency room visits, as well as significantly higher schizophrenia-specific and all-cause total healthcare, inpatient, and prescription drug costs compared to patients without extrapyramidal symptoms. Extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with schizophrenia is associated with increased healthcare resource utilization and higher medical costs.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ, 07936-1080, USA, safiyaa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Safiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abouzaid
authors.forename: Haijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Huanxue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kristijan H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kahler
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016527:Drug Costs; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000191:economics*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States; D014600:Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents