title: Objective assessment of skills acquisition during laparoscopic surgery courses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this prospective study is to objectively assess the acquisition of skills of trainees attending laparoscopic surgery courses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four junior surgical trainees had their laparoscopic skills assessed before and after attending 1 of 3 separate runs of 3-day core skills in laparoscopic surgery course. Nine control trainees were also included who did not attend the course. Three virtual tasks (camera navigation, hand-eye coordination, and 2-handed maneuver) were used from a virtual reality simulator (Simbionix) for assessment. Camera navigation was assessed by completion time and maintenance of horizontal view, whereas the other 2 tasks were assessed by completion time, path length (both hands), and the number of movements (both hands). A composite score of overall performance was calculated by combining all the 12 parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The course significantly (P < 0.001) improved 91% of the junior trainees' precourse laparoscopic skills. Around 70% to 85% of the participants had improvement in skills in all the parameters following the course. The significant improvements were seen in 10 out of 12 task-specific parameters (P ≤ .004) except path length of the left hand. No significant improvement in skills was seen in any 1 of the 12 parameters for the control participants except for a slight reduction in performance matrics. Foundation and core trainees had acquired significantly (P = .02) more skills (23% improvement) than the specialist trainees (8% improvement). Overall acquired skills did not differ significantly in terms of age, sex, or dominant hand of trainees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Objective validated methods can be used to demonstrate course efficacy in addition to providing participants with an insight into their skills. Junior trainees with little or no previous experience benefit the most from such courses irrespective of their age, sex, and dominant hand.
authors.affiliation: 1Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Shah-Jalal
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sarker
authors.forename: Muwaffaq Mezeil
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Telfah
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Onuba
authors.forename: Bijendra P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface