title: Symmetry protected topological order and spin susceptibility in superfluid 3He-B.
abstract: We here demonstrate that the superfluid (3)He-B under a magnetic field in a particular direction stays topological due to a discrete symmetry, that is, in a symmetry protected topological order. Because of the symmetry protected topological order, helical surface Majorana fermions in the B phase remain gapless and their Ising spin character persists. We unveil that the competition between the Zeeman magnetic field and dipole interaction involves an anomalous quantum phase transition in which a topological phase transition takes place together with spontaneous symmetry breaking. Based on the quasiclassical theory, we illustrate that the phase transition is accompanied by anisotropic quantum criticality of spin susceptibilities on the surface, which is detectable in NMR experiments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. mizushima@mp.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizushima
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Machida