title: Tonsilliphilus suis gen. nov., sp. nov., causing tonsil infections in pigs.
abstract: A micro-organism resembling members of the genus Dermatophilus, strain W254(T), which was isolated from the submandibular lymph node of a pig, and an additional 16 strains isolated from swine tonsils, were studied to establish their taxonomic status. Although all 17 strains were isolated anaerobically under an atmosphere of 100 % CO2, all of them were aerotolerant anaerobes. The micro-organisms showed at least five cellular morphologies: (i) a radially protrusive thallus, which proliferated into tuber-like cells; (ii) segmentation in both tubers and thallus followed by multilocule formation, (iii) development of coccoid forms in the locules; (iv) a change from the coccoid forms to zoospores; (v) resting cells, which were able to develop into protrusive thalli again. The micro-organisms were positive for nitrate reduction, but negative for catalase, indole production, hydrolysis of urea and gelatin liquefaction. Milk was not decomposed and none of the strains was haemolytic. A total of 16 compounds, including glucose, were utilized as sole carbon sources and seven compounds, including l-arabinose, were not utilized. Three out of the 17 strains were subjected to further studies. The micro-organisms had meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan and galactose, glucose, madurose and a trace of mannose in their whole-cell sugar patterns. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol.Cellular fatty acids were C15 : 0 (35.7-23.1 %), C16 : 0 (5.9-2.4 %) C17 : 0 (62.9-39.5 %), C17 : 1 (24.4-0 %) and C18 : 0 (3-1.6 %). The predominant menaquinone was MK-8 (H4). The G+C content of the DNA was 69.6-71.8 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains clustered with the type strains of members of the family Dermatophilaceae. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic characterization carried out, all 17 strains are considered to belong to a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Tonsilliphilus suis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is W254(T) ( = ATCC 35846(T) = CCM 3774(T) = DSM 21880(T) = JCM 15727(T)).
authors.affiliation: 2-7-33 Higashi-tokura, Kokubunji-city, Tokyo 185-0002, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryozo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.affiliation: 1002, 808-dong Suri-Apt, Sanbon-dong, Gunpo-city, Kyong-gi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ung-Bok
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako Atugi-city, 243-0034, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Technical Research Institute, Nishimatu Construction Co. Ltd Nakatu, Aikawa-machi Kanagawa-Pref., 243-0303, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiwata
authors.affiliation: Safety Research team, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba-city 305-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.affiliation: Safety Research team, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba-city 305-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: 1-3 Bangai, Tamiya, Ushiku-city, 300-1236, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai, Midorimachi, Ebetu, 069-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Eichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research 1796 Yaho, Kunitachi-city, 186-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.affiliation: Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: Kitasato Life Science Institute, Kitasato University. 5-9-1 Shirogane, Minatoku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Japan BCG Laboratory, 3-1-5 Matuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-0303, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako Atugi-city, 243-0034, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo, Chiba, 260-8715 Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000382:microbiology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology*; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010743:Phospholipids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2; C024223:vitamin MK 8