title: Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (EGb 761) attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and NF-κB-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 pathway.
abstract: Acute lung injury (ALI) presents high mortality and morbidity clinically and by far no effective preventive strategy has been established. Extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves, EGb 761, is a complex mixture that possesses several clinical beneficial effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and cardioprotective property. With EGb 761 pretreatment, both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein leakage and neutrophil infiltration, and LPS-induced inflammatory responses including increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lipid peroxidation, and metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity, were inhibited; LPS-suppressed activation of antioxidative enzymes (AOE) were reversed; and not only the phosphorylation of NF-κB but also the degradation of its inhibitor, IκB, were suppressed. These results suggested that the protection mechanism of EGb 761 is by inhibition of NFκB activation, possibly via the up-regulation of antioxidative enzymes. More studies are needed to further evaluate whether EGb 761 is a suitable candidate as an effective dietary strategy to reduce the incidence of endotoxin-induced ALI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chun-Hsiung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ming-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chung-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yu-Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuan
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D009195:Peroxidase; D010936:Plant Extracts; C073701:Nfkb1 protein, mouse; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract; C501830:Mmp9 protein, mouse