title: Vividness of general mental imagery is associated with the occurrence of intrusive memories.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intrusive memories of traumatic events constitute a core feature of post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the association of pre-traumatic factors with post-traumatic intrusive memories is still only poorly understood. The current study investigated the extent to which vividness of general mental imagery prior to an analogue stressor is positively associated with occurrence of intrusive images following such a stressor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven participants were exposed to video material depicting the aftermath of serious road traffic accidents. Additionally, participants filled in questionnaires on mental imagery, affect, peri-traumatic processing style, and intrusive memories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vividness of mental imagery before the analogue stressor correlated positively with the amount, vividness, and emotional distress due to intrusive images shortly after the analogue stressor and on the subsequently five days. Importantly, mental imagery assessed pre-stressor was associated with intrusive memories independently of trait anxiety and depression as well as participants' emotional response to the video. Peri-traumatic data-driven processing was also related to intrusive memories but not to the vividness of pre-stressor mental imagery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An analogue design was used. Results need to be replicated in a prospective design with survivors of traumatic events according to DSM-IV criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that high levels of vividness of general mental imagery may contribute to the development of intrusive imaginal memories following exposure to traumatic events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. n.morina@uva.nl
authors.forename: Nexhmedin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morina
authors.forename: Eilika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leibold
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ehring
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D057566:Self Report; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D014796:Visual Perception