title: Improved ex vivo method for microbiocidal activity across vertebrate species.
abstract: The field of ecoimmunology is currently undergoing rapid expansion, whereby biologists from a wide range of ecological disciplines are increasingly interested in assessing immunocompetence in their study organisms. One of the key challenges to researchers is determining what eco-immune measures to use in a given experiment. Moreover, there are limitations depending on study species, requirements for specific antibodies, and relevance of the methodology to the study organism. Here we introduce an improved ex vivo method for microbiocidal activity across vertebrate species. The utility of this assay is that it determines the ability of an organism to remove a pathogen that could be encountered in the wild, lending ecological relevancy to the technique. The applications of this microbiocidal assay are broad, as it is readily adaptable to different types of microbes as well as a wide variety of study species. We describe a method of microbiocidal analysis that will enable researchers across disciplines to effectively employ this method to accurately quantify microbial killing ability, using readily available microplate absorbance readers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Utah State University ,  5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5305 ,  USA.
authors.forename: Susannah S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Lorin A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Neuman-Lee