title: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester alleviates mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on intestinal mucosal injury induced by superior mesenteric occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  This experimental study was conducted on 48 male Wistar-albino rats. The animals were randomly allocated into four groups: (i) Sham-operated group, laparotomy without intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury (n = 12); (ii) Sham + CAPE group, identical to group 1 except for CAPE treatment (10 μmol/kg, intravenously) (n = 12); (iii) Intestinal IR group, 60 min of superior mesenteric ischemia followed by 3 hr of reperfusion (n = 12); and (iv) (IR + CAPE)-treated group, 10 μmol/kg injection of CAPE intravenously 30 min before the reperfusion period (n = 12). We evaluated the degree of intestinal mucosal injury on a grading scale, histopathologically, and by measuring oxidative stress markers and antioxidant parameters, biochemically. Intestinal edema was estimated by using wet/dry weight ratios. The plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured. Animal survival was observed up to one week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intestinal mucosal injury scores were significantly decreased with CAPE administration (p < .05). CAPE treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress markers in the intestinal tissues (p < .05) and the plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels (p < .05), and significantly increased antioxidant parameters in the intestinal tissues (p < .05). Intestinal edema was significantly alleviated by CAPE treatment (p < .05). The survival rates of CAPE-treated IR animals were significantly higher than IR-subjected rats (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study clearly showed that CAPE treatment significantly alleviated the intestinal mucosal injury caused by superior mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion. Further clinical studies are required to clarify whether CAPE has a useful role in reperfusion injury during particular surgeries in which IR-induced organ injury occurs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. zteke md@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Teke
authors.forename: Erdal Birol
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Bostanci
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yenisey
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sacar
authors.forename: Nilufer Genc
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Simsek
authors.forename: Musa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akoglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D016207:Cytokines; D009566:Nitrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol