title: Effect of topical vaginal products on the detection of prostate-specific antigen, a biomarker of semen exposure, using ABAcards.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a biomarker of recent semen exposure. There is currently only limited information on whether topical vaginal products affect PSA assays. We investigated this question using various dilutions of several vaginal products (lubricants and spermicides) and the Abacus ABAcard for PSA detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pooled semen controls and various dilutions of nonoxynol-9 (N9), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Replens, Gynol 2, K-Y jelly, Astroglide, Surgilube, combined with pooled semen dilutions, were tested for PSA using the Abacus ABAcard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  N9 (2% with saline) and CMC did not appear to affect the results of testing with the ABAcard, but not all semen dilutions were tested. The other products (including Replens and Gynol, which is 2% N9 with propylene glycol, K-Y, Astroglide and Surgilube) at some of the dilutions tested either affected or gave invalid results with PSA testing using the ABAcard. Both Gynol 2 and K-Y at 1:10 dilution gave false-positive results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some vaginal products affect PSA results obtained by using the semiquantitative ABAcard. In vivo confirmation is necessary to further optimize PSA detection when topical vaginal products are present.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. msnead@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Margaret C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Snead
authors.forename: Athena P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kourtis
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Christine K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Mauck
authors.forename: Teresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Penman-Aguilar
authors.forename: Johan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Melendez
authors.forename: Maria F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Denise J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macaluso
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D054327:Lubricants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry*; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014621:Vagina / Q000737:chemistry*; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C076620:Astroglide; D015415:Biomarkers; C042973:K-Y jelly; D054327:Lubricants; D010710:Phosphates; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; D002482:Cellulose; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D005990:Glycerol