title: Interactions between mecamylamine and alcohol in Long-Evans rats: flash-evoked potentials, body temperature, behavior, and blood alcohol concentration.
abstract: Mecamylamine, a noncompetitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, has many potential clinical applications, including treating alcohol dependency. However, little is known about the combined effects of mecamylamine and alcohol on visual system electrophysiology. We examined the separate and combined effects of mecamylamine (4.0mg/kg, ip) and alcohol (2.0 g/kg, ip) on flash-evoked potentials (FEPs) recorded from the visual cortex (VC) and superior colliculus (SC) of chronically implanted adult male Long-Evans rats. On separate days, either saline or mecamylamine was given 10 min prior to either saline or ethanol. FEPs were recorded 15 and 30 min after the second injection. In the VC, alcohol significantly decreased the amplitudes of components P23, N29, N39, P89, N143, and P237, but increased P46. N63 amplitude was not significantly altered. In contrast, mecamylamine increased the amplitude of P23, P46, and N63, but reduced the amplitude of N29 and P237. The combination of mecamylamine and alcohol resulted in amplitudes very similar to alcohol alone for components P23, N29, N63, P89, N143, and P237. However, mecamylamine pretreatment reduced the effects of alcohol on components N39 and P46. In the SC, FEP component amplitudes were generally decreased by alcohol but not significantly altered by mecamylamine. Mecamylamine pretreatment did not significantly alter the effects of alcohol on SC amplitudes. Latencies of nearly all components in both structures were significantly increased by all drug treatments, with the greatest increase produced by the combination treatment. Hypothermia was also produced by all drug treatments, with the greatest hypothermia (2.25 °C) produced by the combination treatment, most likely accounting for much of the drug-induced increase in latencies. All drug treatments reduced movement during FEP testing, but later in an open field alcohol increased ambulation while mecamylamine reduced movement. Separate groups of experimentally naïve adult male Holtzman albino and Long-Evans hooded rats were given (ip) either alcohol or mecamylamine plus alcohol. Tail vein samples were taken 30 min later. For both rat strains, blood alcohol concentration in the mecamylamine pretreatment group was significantly less at this time interval by about 50-60 mg/dL, suggesting a mechanism whereby mecamylamine can mitigate some of the acute effects of alcohol (e.g., on VC components N39 and P46).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, 711 E. Boldt Way, Appleton, WI 54911, USA. hetzlerb@lawrence.edu
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hetzler
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000187:drug effects*; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008464:Mecamylamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D000431:Ethanol; D008464:Mecamylamine