title: Acute macrovascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes induced by ingestion of advanced glycated β-lactoglobulins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent evidence indicates that heat-enhanced food advanced glycation end products (AGEs) adversely affect vascular function. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of an oral load of heat-treated, AGE-modified β-lactoglobulins (AGE-BLG) compared with heat-treated, nonglycated BLG (C-BLG) on vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, controlled, randomized, crossover study, 19 patients with T2DM received, on two different occasions, beverages containing either AGE-BLG or C-BLG. We measured macrovascular [brachial ultrasound of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)] and microvascular (laser-Doppler measurements of reactive hyperemia in the hand) functions at baseline (T0), 90 (T90), and 180 (T180) min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following the AGE-BLG, FMD decreased at T90 by 80% from baseline and remained decreased by 42% at T180 (P < 0.05 vs. baseline, P < 0.05 vs. C-BLG at T90). By comparison, following C-BLG, FMD decreased by 27% at T90 and 51% at T180 (P < 0.05 vs. baseline at T180). A significant decrease in nitrite (T180) and nitrate (T90 and T180), as well as a significant increase in N(ε)-carboxymethyllisine, accompanied intake of AGE-BLG. There was no change in microvascular function caused by either beverage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with T2DM, acute oral administration of a single AGE-modified protein class significantly though transiently impaired macrovascular function in concert with decreased nitric oxide bioavailability. These AGE-related changes were independent of heat treatment.
authors.affiliation: Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany. alin.stirban@profil.com
authors.forename: Alin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stirban
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kotsi
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Strijowski
authors.forename: Weijing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Götting
authors.forename: Diethelm
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tschoepe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007782:Lactoglobulins