title: Human papillomavirus type distribution in invasive cervical cancer and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia across 5 countries in Asia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Independent, prospective, multicenter, hospital-based cross-sectional studies were conducted across 5 countries in Asia, namely, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, South Korea, and the Philippines. The objectives of these studies were to evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types (high risk and others including coinfections) in women with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and high-grade precancerous lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women older than 21 years with a histologic diagnosis of ICC and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN 2 or 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)] were enrolled. Cervical specimens were reviewed by histopathologists to confirm the presence of ICC or CIN 2/3/AIS lesion and tested with short PCR fragment 10-DNA enzyme immunoassay-line probe assay for 14 oncogenic HPV types and 11 non-oncogenic HPV types. The prevalence of HPV 16, HPV 18, and other high-risk HPV types in ICC [including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma (ADC/ASC)] and CIN 2/3/AIS was estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 5 Asian countries, diagnosis of ICC was confirmed in 500 women [SCC (n = 392) and ADC/ASC (n = 108)], and CIN 2/3/AIS, in 411 women. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 93.8% to 97.0% (84.5% for the Philippines) of confirmed ICC cases [94.0%-98.7% of SCC; 87.0%-94.3% (50.0% for the Philippines) of ADC/ASC] and in 93.7% to 100.0% of CIN 2/3/AIS. The most common types observed among ICC cases were HPV 16 (36.8%-61.3%), HPV 18 (12.9%-35.4%), HPV 52 (5.4%-10.3%), and HPV 45 (1.5%-17.2%), whereas among CIN 2/3/AIS cases, HPV 16 (29.7%-46.6%) was the most commonly observed type followed by HPV 52 (17.0%-66.7%) and HPV 58 (8.6%-16.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article presents the data on the HPV prevalence, HPV type distribution, and their role in cervical carcinogenesis in 5 Asian countries. These data are of relevance to public health authorities for evaluating the existing and future cervical cancer prevention strategies including HPV-DNA testing-based screening and HPV vaccination in these Asian populations.
authors.affiliation: Parkway Gynaecology Screening and Treatment Center, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Swee Chong
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Quek
authors.forename: Boon Kiong
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Efren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.forename: Ruey
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soon
authors.forename: Jong-Sup
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Thi Nhung
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: Eng Hseon
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: Quang Thanh
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Young-Tak
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ba Quyet
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: Ngoc Thanh
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Genara
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Limson
authors.forename: Viet Thanh
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Anco
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molijn
authors.forename: Gunasekaran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000502:physiology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*