title: Control of cell growth: Rag GTPases in activation of TORC1.
abstract: The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central regulator controlling cell growth. TOR is highly conserved from yeast to mammals, and is deregulated in human cancers and diabetes. TOR complex 1 (TORC1) integrates signals from growth factors, cellular energy status, stress, and amino acids to control cell growth, mitochondrial metabolism, and lipid biosynthesis. The mechanisms of growth factors and cellular energy status in regulating TORC1 have been well established, whereas the mechanism by which amino acid induces TORC1 remains largely unknown. Recent studies revealed that Rag GTPases play a central role in the regulation of TORC1 activation in response to amino acids. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in our understanding of Rag GTPase-regulated TORC1 activation in response to amino acids. Particular focus will be given to the function of Rag GTPases in TORC1 activation and how Rag GTPases are regulated by amino acids.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huirong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)