title: Associations of adiponectin and leptin with stage and grade of PSA-detected prostate cancer: the ProtecT study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity has been associated with an increased risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer; adipokines may mediate this association. We examined associations of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin with the stage and grade of PSA-detected prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a nested case-control study comparing 311 men with mainly locally advanced (≥T3, N1, or M1 cases) vs. 413 men with localized (T ≤2 & NX-0 & M0 controls) PSA-detected prostate cancer, recruited 2001-2009 from 9 UK regions to the ProtecT study. Associations of body mass index and adipokine levels with prostate cancer stage were determined by conditional logistic regression and with grade (Gleason score ≥7 vs. ≤6) by unconditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectin was inversely associated with prostate cancer stage in overweight and obese men (OR 0.62; 95 % CI 0.42-0.90; p = 0.01), but not in normal weight men (OR 1.48; 0.77-2.82; p = 0.24) (p for interaction 0.007), or all men (OR 0.86; 0.66-1.11; p = 0.24). There was no compelling evidence of associations between leptin or leptin to adiponectin ratio and prostate cancer stage. No strong associations of adiponectin, leptin, or leptin:adiponectin ratio with grade were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides some evidence that adiponectin levels may be associated with prostate cancer stage, dependent on the degree of adiposity of the man. Our results are consistent with adiponectin countering the adverse effects of obesity on prostate cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK. Anya.Burton@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holly
authors.forename: J Athene
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Jenny L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: Freddie C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tilling
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen