title: Geranylgeranyl transferase regulates CXC chemokine formation in alveolar macrophages and neutrophil recruitment in septic lung injury.
abstract: Overwhelming accumulation of neutrophils is a significant component in septic lung damage, although the signaling mechanisms behind neutrophil infiltration in the lung remain elusive. In the present study, we hypothesized that geranylgeranylation might regulate the inflammatory response in abdominal sepsis. Male C57BL/6 mice received the geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor, GGTI-2133, before cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were harvested for analysis of neutrophil infiltration, as well as edema and CXC chemokine formation. Blood was collected for analysis of Mac-1 on neutrophils and CD40L on platelets. Gene expression of CXC chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and CCL2 chemokine was determined by quantitative RT-PCR in isolated alveolar macrophages. Administration of GGTI-2133 markedly decreased CLP-induced infiltration of neutrophils, edema, and tissue injury in the lung. CLP triggered clear-cut upregulation of Mac-1 on neutrophils. Inhibition of geranylgeranyl transferase reduced CLP-evoked upregulation of Mac-1 on neutrophils in vivo but had no effect on chemokine-induced expression of Mac-1 on isolated neutrophils in vitro. Notably, GGTI-2133 abolished CLP-induced formation of CXC chemokines, TNF-α, and CCL2 in alveolar macrophages in the lung. Geranylgeranyl transferase inhibition had no effect on sepsis-induced platelet shedding of CD40L. In addition, inhibition of geranylgeranyl transferase markedly decreased CXC chemokine-triggered neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. Taken together, our findings suggest that geranylgeranyl transferase is an important regulator of CXC chemokine production and neutrophil recruitment in the lung. We conclude that inhibition of geranylgeranyl transferase might be a potent way to attenuate acute lung injury in abdominal sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Zirak
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Milladur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Karzan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palani
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Syk
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jeppsson
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thorlacius
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000502:physiology; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007093:Imidazoles; D007930:Leucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008026:Ligation; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009281:Naphthalenes; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018805:Sepsis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C547856:GGTI-2133; D007093:Imidazoles; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D009281:Naphthalenes; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C083291:geranylgeranyltransferase type-I; D007930:Leucine