title: Sleep quality and sleep patterns in relation to consumption of energy drinks, caffeinated beverages, and other stimulants among Thai college students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Poor sleep and heavy use of caffeinated beverages have been implicated as risk factors for a number of adverse health outcomes. Caffeine consumption and use of other stimulants are common among college students globally. However, to our knowledge, no studies have examined the influence of caffeinated beverages on the sleep quality of college students in Southeast Asian populations. We conducted this study to evaluate the patterns of sleep quality and to examine the extent to which poor sleep quality is associated with consumption of energy drinks, caffeinated beverages, and other stimulants among 2,854 Thai college students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was administered to ascertain demographic and behavioral characteristics. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep habits and quality. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify statistically significant associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was found to be 48.1 %. A significant percent of students used stimulant beverages (58.0 %). Stimulant use (odds ratios (OR) 1.50; 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) 1.28-1.77) was found to be statistically significant and positively associated with poor sleep quality. Alcohol consumption (OR 3.10; 95 % CI 1.72-5.59) and cigarette smoking (OR 1.43; 95 % CI 1.02-1.98) also had a statistically significant association with increased daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness. In conclusion, stimulant use is common among Thai college students and is associated with several indices of poor sleep quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings underscore the need to educate students on the importance of sleep and the influences of dietary and lifestyle choices on their sleep quality and overall health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Vitool
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lohsoonthorn
authors.forename: Hazar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khidir
authors.forename: Gardenia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casillas
authors.forename: Somrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lertmaharit
authors.forename: Mahlet G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Tadesse
authors.forename: Wipawan C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Pensuksan
authors.forename: Thanapoom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rattananupong
authors.forename: Bizu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelaye
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D001628:Beverages; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D061215:Energy Drinks / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002110:Caffeine