title: Infection with hepatitis E virus in kidney transplant recipients in southeastern France.
abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging cause of acute hepatitis in Europe, particularly in southern France, and HEV is a new causative agent of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients. However, the data regarding HEV infection after kidney transplantation are still scarce with respect to the clinical issues that have been raised, and no study has specifically focused on kidney transplant recipients. This study described the clinical features and outcomes of HEV infections in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients living in southeastern France. The epidemiological, clinical, and virological characteristics of HEV infections diagnosed by PCR over a 53-month period were retrospectively analyzed in a cohort of 1,350 kidney transplant recipients monitored at the Marseille University Hospital. Sixteen HEV infections were diagnosed, all of which were autochthonous and involved genotype 3 viruses (HEV-3). Chronic infections occurred in 80% of these patients and resolved in half of the cases after a median time of 39 months. The rate of HEV clearance was 54% after a decrease in the dose of immunosuppressants. One patient developed liver cirrhosis 14 months after infection and experienced acute rejection after a decrease in the dose of immunosuppressants. Autochthonous HEV-3 infections in kidney transplant recipients progress to chronicity in most cases and might be complicated by early liver cirrhosis. Chronic HEV infection can resolve following the reduction of immunosuppressive therapy, but ribavirin may be required if reduction of the immunosuppressant dose is not associated with HEV clearance or is inappropriate for the patient management.
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Conception, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation rénale, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moal
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Legris
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burtey
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morange
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Purgus
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dussol
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motte
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gérolami
authors.forename: Yvon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Berland
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014180:Transplantation
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents