title: Kleeblattschädel skull: a review of its history, diagnosis, associations, and treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kleeblattschädel (cloverleaf) skull is a very uncommon form of pansynostosis. Some cases are associated with syndromes, but often, this skull deformity is seen in isolation. To date, a comprehensive review of this topic is not available in the medical literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Herein, we review the history, associations, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of Kleeblattschädel skull.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA. shane.tubbs@chsys.org
authors.forename: R Shane
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Griessenauer
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loukas
authors.forename: Mohammadali M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shoja
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: W Jerry
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oakes
mesh_terms: D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000266:history* / Q000628:therapy; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans