title: Fatal poisoning in Estonia 2000-2009. Trends in illegal drug-related deaths.
abstract: The aim of this study is to provide an overview of deaths caused by poisoning (especially illicit drugs) in Estonia from 2000 to 2009. The data on poisoning deaths (N = 4132) were collected from the autopsy reports of the Estonian Forensic Science Institute. Ethanol poisoning was the most frequent cause of death (N = 1449, 35.1%), followed by carbon monoxide (N = 1151, 27.9%) and poisoning from illicit drugs (N = 888, 21.5%). The study included 3267 male (79.1%) and 865 female fatalities, with the prevalent age group being 35-64 years. Since 2002, deaths from fentanyles have increased sharply and remained at a high level - from 63 cases in 2002 to 138 cases in 2009. This high number indicates that in spite of the state's drug policies, illegal drugs remain easily available and that this area requires more attention. Alcohol abuse prevention policies - restrictions on alcohol advertisements in the media, limitations on sale times and anti-alcohol campaigns concerning traffic - have not brought about a significant decrease in ethanol poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Estonian Forensic Science Institute, Tervise 30, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia. jana.tuusov@ekei.ee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuusov
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vals
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tõnisson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riikoja
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Denissov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Väli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002249:Carbon Monoxide Poisoning / Q000401:mortality; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning; D002648:Child; D004957:Estonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning; D005260:Female; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000506:poisoning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011041:Poisoning / Q000401:mortality*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D000431:Ethanol