title: Acute effects of intracoronary nitroglycerin and diltiazem in coronary slow flow phenomenon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is a coronary microvascular disorder angiographically defined by delayed opacification of the distal vasculature in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of intracoronary nitrate and diltiazem on thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (TFC) in patients with CSFP during coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with CSFP were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group is nitroglycerin group with 30 patients (22 men; mean [SD] age, 50 [12] years), and the second is diltiazem group with 30 patients (27 men; mean age, 54 ± 11 years); intracoronary 5-mg diltiazem or 250-μg nitroglycerin was administered. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and TFCs in all 3 coronaries were recorded before and after administering these medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After nitroglycerin administration, systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased, heart rates significantly increased, and TFCs decreased in all coronaries (P < 0.001 for 3 coronaries). After the application of intracoronary 5-mg diltiazem, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and TFCs were found significantly lower than predrug values (P < 0.001 for all values). When the percent TFC reductions, after the application of intracoronary diltiazem or nitroglycerin, in left anterior descending coronary artery, circumflex coronary artery, and right coronary artery were evaluated, diltiazem significantly reduced the TFCs of the left anterior descending coronary artery and circumflex coronary artery compared with nitroglycerin (P < 0.01 for both coronaries).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both intracoronary diltiazem and nitroglycerin improve the TFCs in CSFP, and intracoronary diltiazem is superior to nitroglycerin in reducing TFCs in CSFP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey. iozdogru@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ozdogru
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zencir
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: Ozcan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Orscelik
authors.forename: Mehmet Tugrul
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Inanc
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Elbasan
authors.forename: Nihat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalay
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oguzhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D054318:No-Reflow Phenomenon / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004110:Diltiazem; D005996:Nitroglycerin