title: [Protection and functional repair of vagus nerve during the operation of cervical vagal paraganglioma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the clinical anatomy and the methods to protect or reconstruct the continuity and function of vagus nerve during the operation of cervical vagal paraganglioma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six cases of vagal paraganglioma were reviewed. All tumors were identified to wrap the cervical vagus nerve stem and excised during surgery. The operative modality was to trace the vagus nerve stem inside the tumor as far as possible, to reconstruct the continuity by way of vagus nerve anastomosis (3/6) or alternatively, other motor nerve transplantation (3/6). Postoperative treatment included steroid, neurotrophic medication and voice and swallowing rehabilitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two cases of the recurrent paraganglioma experienced aspiration during swallowing preoperatively and no aspiration after surgery. Choking was gradually reduced in four recurrent cases half to one year postoperatively. Hoarseness was improved in five cases (5/6) half to one year postoperatively, while one case remained prolonged obvious hoarseness. Three months postoperatively, the vocal cord fibrillation at the tumor-related side was observed during pronunciation in the end-to-end anastomosis cases (3/6), sublingual nerve-transplanted case (1/6) and deep cervical nerve-transplanted cases (1/6) under fiberoptic laryngoscope, and the mobility was even more obvious at the time of half an year postoperatively. While in another deep cervical nerve-transplanted case (1/6), the vocal cord demonstrated no obvious fibrillation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To carefully identify and preserve the vagus nerve fibers as much as possible during the operation of cervical vagal paraganglioma could significantly eliminate postoperative hoarseness and aspiration. End-to-end anastomosis, deep cervical nerve or sublingual nerve transplantation to resume the continuity of vagus nerve may improve the mobility of vocal cord thus the quality of voice and swallowing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. church.ent.wc@163.corn
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ruiqing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wenyan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Changli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003390:Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D020421:Vagus Nerve Diseases / Q000601:surgery