title: Environmental mercury exposure, semen quality and reproductive hormones in Greenlandic Inuit and European men: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: Several animal studies indicate that mercury is a male reproductive toxicant, but human studies are few and contradictory. We examined semen characteristics and serum levels of reproductive hormones in relation to environmental exposure to mercury. Blood and semen samples were collected from 529 male partners of pregnant women living in Greenland, Poland and Ukraine between May 2002 and February 2004. The median concentration of the total content of mercury in whole blood was 9.2 ng ml(-1) in Greenland (0.2-385.8 ng ml(-1)), 1.0 ng ml(-1) in Poland (0.2-6.4 ng ml(-1)) and 1.0 ng ml(-1) in Ukraine (0.2-4.9 ng ml(-1)). We found a significantly positive association between the blood levels of mercury and serum concentration of inhibin B in men from Greenland (β=0.074, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.021 to 0.126) and in an analysis including men from all three regions (β=0.067, 95% CI=0.024 to 0.110). The association may be due to beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are contained in seafood and fish. No significant association (P>0.05) was found between blood concentrations of mercury and any of the other measured semen characteristics (semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration, morphology and motility) and reproductive hormones (free androgen index (FAI), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and LH × testosterone) in any region. In conclusion, the findings do not provide evidence that environmental mercury exposure in Greenlandic and European men with median whole blood concentration up to 10 ng ml(-1) has adverse effects on biomarkers of male reproductive health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen NV DK-2400, Denmark. emoc0001@bbh.regionh.dk
authors.forename: Emina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mocevic
authors.forename: Ina O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Specht
authors.forename: Jacob L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marott
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giwercman
authors.forename: Bo A G
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lundh
authors.forename: Jens Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bonde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006116:Greenland; D006801:Humans; D004930:Inuit; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D011044:Poland; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013076:Sperm Count; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014455:Ukraine; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D008628:Mercury