title: Functional disability in medication management and driving among individuals with HIV: a 1-year follow-up study.
abstract: Approximately 50% of individuals with HIV report cognitive deficits that can affect social or occupational functioning. The present study used a longitudinal design (1 year) to examine the relationship between cognitive factors and incidental functional deficits in medication management and driving ability among a cohort of 101 HIV+ participants. Participants were classified into groups of functionally "stable" and "disabled" for each laboratory-based functional task (i.e., Medication Management Task-Revised, MMT-R, and PC-based driving simulator). We hypothesized that participants who exhibited a functional deficit in either MMT-R or driving at follow-up assessment would demonstrate significantly poorer baseline cognitive performance at study entry than participants who remained functionally stable. As hypothesized, participants who demonstrated significantly lower baseline performance in learning/memory and executive functioning also demonstrated functional disability on the MMT-R at follow-up when compared to functionally stable participants. Poor baseline performance in speed of information processing was associated with a deficit in driving ability at follow-up assessment. Our results suggest that lower baseline cognitive functioning predicts downstream functional disability, and that deficits in learning/memory and information processing speed are particularly predictive of deficits in medication management and driving ability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. athames@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: April D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Thames
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arentoft
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivera-Mindt
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hinkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents