title: Neuroprotective effects of olanzapine in N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced retinal injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of olanzapine (OLA), an atypical antipsychotic drug, on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinal neuronal ischemia was induced by NMDA in Wistar rats. OLA was administered intraperitoneally in 2 different dosages: 2 and 12 mg/kg. At the end of 2 weeks of OLA treatment, 1 eye of each animal was enucleated for histopathologic examination. We also measured malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in retinal homogenates as a marker of ischemic injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count was significantly higher in cases where we used OLA 2 mg/kg or OLA 12 mg/kg compared to the control group (P=0.0032 and P=0.0005, respectively). We also found that MDA was significantly reduced by OLA 2 mg/kg or OLA 12 mg/kg compared to the control group (P=0.0001 and P=0.0001, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between OLA 2 mg/kg or OLA 12 mg/kg groups in terms of RGC count and MDA levels (P>0.05 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed that OLA preserved RGCs from NMDA-induced retinal injury; thus, it may have potential neuroprotective effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey. dribrahimonder@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Halil Ibrahim
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Onder
authors.forename: Gulderen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aktan
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avcıoglu
authors.forename: Umran
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tunc
authors.forename: Fatih Mehmet
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Gokce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000633:toxicity; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077152:Olanzapine; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055351:Retinal Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D000077152:Olanzapine