title: Effect of tongue thrust swallowing on position of anterior teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is no consensus about the effect of tongue thrusting on incisor position. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the position of anterior teeth in growing children with tongue thrust swallowing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study 193 subjects with an age range of 9 to 13 years participated. All the patients were examined by a trained investigator and those having tongue thrust swallowing were selected and the position of their anterior teeth was compared with a control group consisting of 36 subjects with normal occlusion. Data was analyzed by independent sample t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 193 students who were examined in this study, 10 cases (5%) were diagnosed to be tongue thrusters. Overjet was significantly increased in tongue thrust individuals (P < 0.05), while the other variables were not statistically different from the controls (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that tongue thrust may have an environmental effect on dentofacial structures. Considering the high incidence of tongue thrust in orthodontic patients, it is suggested that dental practitioners observe patients of all ages and those in all stages of orthodontic treatment for evidence of tongue thrust swallowing.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jalaly
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahrari
authors.forename: Foroozandeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amini