title: Influence of different implant materials on the primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants.
abstract: This study evaluates the influence of different implant materials on the primary stability of orthodontic mini-implants by measuring the resonance frequency. Twenty-five orthodontic mini-implants with a diameter of 2 mm were used. The first group contained stainless steel mini-implants with two different lengths (10 and 12 mm). The second group included titanium alloy mini-implants with two different lengths (10 and 12 mm) and stainless steel mini-implants 10 mm in length. The mini-implants were inserted into artificial bones with a 2-mm-thick cortical layer and 40 or 20 lb/ft(3) trabecular bone density at insertion depths of 2, 4, and 6 mm. The resonance frequency of the mini-implants in the artificial bone was detected with the Implomates(®) device. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference test (α = 0.05). Greater insertion depth resulted in higher resonance frequency, whereas longer mini-implants showed lower resonance frequency values. However, resonance frequency was not influenced by the implant materials titanium alloy or stainless steel. Therefore, the primary stability of a mini-implant is influenced by insertion depth and not by implant material. Insertion depth is extremely important for primary implant stability and is critical for treatment success.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Szu-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Yu-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Yi-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chao-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ting-Hsun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Pao-Hsin
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong-Po
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D013193:Stainless Steel; D014025:Titanium