title: Intake of Gnetum africanum and Dacryodes edulis, imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant status and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in central Africans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of DR and to correlate cardiometabolic, sociodemographic, and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance data to the prevalence of DR.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study included type 2 DM (T2 DM) patients with DR (n = 66), T2 DM patients without DR (N = 84), and healthy controls (n = 45) without DR, in Kinshasa town. Diet, albuminemia, serum vitamins, and 8-isoprostane were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No intake of safou (OR = 2.7 95% CI 1.2-5.8; P = 0.014), low serum albumin <4.5 g/dL (OR-2.9 95% CI 1.4-5.9; P = 0.003), no intake of fumbwa (OR = 2.8 95% CI 1.2-6.5; P = 0.014), high 8-isoprostane (OR = 14.3 95% CI 4.5-46; P<0.0001), DM duration ≥ 5 years (OR = 3.8 95% CI 1.6-9.1; P = 0.003), and low serum vitamin C (OR = 4.5 95% CI 1.3-15.5; P = 0.016) were identified as the significant independent determinants of DR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The important role of oxidant/antioxidant status imbalance and diet is demonstrated in DR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, The Republic of Congo.
authors.forename: Mvitu-Muaka
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moise
authors.forename: Longo-Mbenza
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Mokondjimobe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Etienne
authors.forename: Gombet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thierry
authors.forename: Kibokela
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ndembe Dalida
authors.forename: Tulomba Mona
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Doris
authors.forename: Wayiza Masamba
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Samy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000350:Africa, Central / Q000453:epidemiology; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D029403:Burseraceae; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D035684:Gnetum; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016877:Oxidants / Q000097:blood*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016877:Oxidants