title: Phase synchronization of oxygenation waves in the frontal areas of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder detected by optical diffusion spectroscopy correlates with medication.
abstract: The beneficial effects of pharmacotherapy on children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are well documented. We use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) methodology to determine reorganization of brain neurovascular properties following the medication treatment. Twenty-six children with ADHD (ages six through 12) participated in a modified laboratory school protocol to monitor treatment response with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX; Vyvanse®, Shire US Inc.). All children refrained from taking medication for at least two weeks (washout period). To detect neurovascular reorganization, we measured changes in synchronization of oxy (HbO2) and deoxy (HHb) hemoglobin waves between the two frontal lobes. Participants without medication displayed average baseline HbO2 phase difference at about -7-deg. and HHb differences at about 240-deg.. This phase synchronization index changed after pharmacological intervention. Medication induced an average phase changes of HbO2 after first medication to 280-deg. and after medication optimization to 242-deg.. Instead first medication changed of the average HHb phase difference at 186-deg. and then after medication optimization to 120-deg. In agreement with findings of White et al., and Varela et al., we associated the phase synchronization differences of brain hemodynamics in children with ADHD with lobe specific hemodynamic reorganization of HbO2- and HHB oscillations following medication status.
authors.affiliation: University of California Irvine, Child Development Center, Department of Pediatrics, 19722 MacArthur Boulevard, Irvine, California 92612, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wigal
authors.forename: Chiara M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Polzonetti
authors.forename: Annamarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stehli
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gratton
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003344:Cortical Synchronization / Q000187:drug effects*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D000069478:Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D010100:Oxygen; D000069478:Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate; D003913:Dextroamphetamine