title: Significance of localization of mandibular foramen in an inferior alveolar nerve block.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mandibular foramen (MF) is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus for divisions of the mandibular vessels and nerve to pass. The aim of this study is to determine the position of the MF from various anatomical landmarks in several dry adult mandibles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 human dry mandibles were examined, of which 93 were of dentulous and 9 were of edentulous. The measurements were taken from the anterior border of the ramus (coronoid notch) to the midportion of the MF and then from the midportion of the MF to the other landmarks such as internal oblique ridge, inferior border, sigmoid notch, and condyle were measured and recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data were compared using Student's t-test. The MF is positioned at a mean distance of 19 mm (with SD 2.34) from coronoid notch of the anterior border of the ramus. Superio-inferiorly from the condyle to the inferior border MF is situated 5 mm inferior to the midpoint of condyle to the inferior border distance (ramus height).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that failures in the anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve are due to the operator error and not due to the anatomical variation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vinayaka Mission's Sankaracharya Dental College, Ariyanoor, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thangavelu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: N Senthil
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rethish
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabitha
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sayeeganesh