title: Global hemostasis tests in patients with cirrhosis before and after prophylactic platelet transfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cirrhosis presents with variable degrees of thrombocytopenia that might cause bleeding during invasive procedures. Transfusion of one standard adult platelet dose is often employed to prevent bleeding in thrombocytopenia, but the threshold platelet count that is clinically effective is not well established because clinical studies and laboratory tools to judge on efficacy are insufficient. However, in vitro studies showed that patients with cirrhosis generate as much thrombin as healthy individuals provided that their platelet count is at least 100 × 10(9) /L.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the in vivo relevance of these in vitro studies, we investigated 26 thrombocytopenic patients with cirrhosis, undergoing 36 variceal ligations, to see whether transfusion of one standard adult platelet dose was able to attain the above platelet count. We also evaluated the effect of platelet transfusion on such global hemostasis tests as thrombin generation and thromboelastometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transfusion did slightly increase platelet count [pre- vs. post-infusion: 39 × 10(9) /L(16-64) vs. 52 × 10(9) /L(19-91), P < 0.001], without significant effect on thrombin generation, probably because post-transfusion platelet count was less than the target of 100 × 10(9) /L in all patients. In addition, the percentage of patients with abnormal thrombin generation (i.e. below the lower limit of normal range) was scarcely affected by transfusion (pre- vs. post-infusion: 36% vs. 42%). The small post-transfusion increase in platelet count was paralleled by some degree of improvement of thromboelastometry, but none of the patients reached normal values after transfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infusing one standard adult platelet dose secures only a small increase in platelet count without normalizing thrombin generation and thromboelastometry tests. To obtain greater increases in platelet count and normalization of laboratory tests more intensive platelet transfusions or treatment with non-transfusional drugs are probably needed.
authors.affiliation: Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di, Milano, Milano, Italy. armando.tripodi@unimi.it
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tripodi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Primignani
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chantarangkul
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lemma
authors.forename: Manol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jovani
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rebulla
authors.forename: Pier M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mannucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D017713:Platelet Transfusion / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013916:Thrombelastography; D013917:Thrombin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013917:Thrombin