title: Systematic review of active workplace interventions to reduce sickness absence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The workplace is used as a setting for interventions to prevent and reduce sickness absence, regardless of the specific medical conditions and diagnoses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To give an overview of the general effectiveness of active workplace interventions aimed at preventing and reducing sickness absence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Psych-info, and ISI web of knowledge on 27 December 2011. Inclusion criteria were (i) participants over 18 years old with an active role in the intervention, (ii) intervention done partly or fully at the workplace or at the initiative of the workplace and (iii) sickness absence reported. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. A narrative synthesis was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 2036 articles of which, 93 were assessed in full text. Seventeen articles were included (2 with low and 15 with medium risk of bias), with a total of 24 comparisons. Five interventions from four articles significantly reduced sickness absence. We found moderate evidence that graded activity reduced sickness absence and limited evidence that the Sheerbrooke model (a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) reduced sickness absence. There was moderate evidence that workplace education and physical exercise did not reduce sickness absence. For other interventions, the evidence was insufficient to draw conclusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The review found limited evidence that active workplace interventions were not generally effective in reducing sickness absence, but there was moderate evidence of effect for graded activity and limited evidence for the effectiveness of the Sheerbrooke model and CBT.
authors.affiliation: Uni Health, Uni Research,  Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odeen
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Magnussen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeland
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larun
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tveito
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D015444:Exercise; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D016272:Occupational Health; D009786:Occupational Health Services; D062707:Return to Work; D018582:Sick Leave; D017132:Workplace