title: Mind-Body Medicine and Immune System Outcomes: A Systematic Review.
abstract: This study is a systematic review of mind-body interventions that used immune outcomes in order to: 1) characterize mind-body medicine studies that assessed immune outcomes, 2) evaluate the quality of mind-body medicine studies measuring immune system effects, and 3) systematically evaluate the evidence for mind-body interventions effect on immune system outcomes using existing formal tools. 111 studies with 4,777 subjects were reviewed. The three largest intervention type categories were Relaxation Training (n=25), Cognitive Based Stress Management (n=22), and Hypnosis (n=21). Half the studies were conducted with healthy subjects (n=51). HIV (n=18), cancer (n=13) and allergies (n=7) were the most prominent conditions examined in the studies comprising of non-healthy subjects. Natural killer cell and CD4 T lymphocyte measures were the most commonly studied outcomes. Most outcome and modality categories had limited or inconclusive evidence. Relaxation training had the strongest scientific evidence of a mind-body medicine affecting immune outcomes. Immunoglobulin A had the strongest scientific evidence for positive effects from mind-body medicine. Issues for mind-body medicine studies with immune outcomes are discussed and recommendations are made to help improve future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon ; Helfgott Research Institute, National College of Naturopathic Medicine, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Helané
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wahbeh
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haywood
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zwickey