title: Motion detection technology as a tool for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality training: a randomised crossover mannequin pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outcome after cardiac arrest is dependent on the quality of chest compressions (CC). A great number of devices have been developed to provide guidance during CPR. The present study evaluates a new CPR feedback system (Mini-VREM: Mini-Virtual Reality Enhanced Mannequin) designed to improve CC during training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mini-VREM system consists of a Kinect(®) (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) motion sensing device and specifically developed software to provide audio-visual feedback. Mini-VREM was connected to a commercially available mannequin (Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway). Eighty trainees (healthcare professionals and lay people) volunteered in this randomised crossover pilot study. All subjects performed a 2 min CC trial, 1h pause and a second 2 min CC trial. The first group (FB/NFB, n=40) performed CC with Mini-VREM feedback (FB) followed by CC without feedback (NFB). The second group (NFB/FB, n=40) performed vice versa. Primary endpoints: adequate compression (compression rate between 100 and 120 min(-1) and compression depth between 50 and 60mm); compressions rate within 100-120 min(-1); compressions depth within 50-60mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to the performance without feedback, with Mini-VREM feedback compressions were more adequate (FB 35.78% vs. NFB 7.27%, p<0.001) and more compressions achieved target rate (FB 72.04% vs. 31.42%, p<0.001) and target depth (FB 47.34% vs. 24.87%, p=0.002). The participants perceived the system to be easy to use with effective feedback.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Mini-VREM system was able to improve significantly the CC performance by healthcare professionals and by lay people in a simulated CA scenario, in terms of compression rate and depth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy. fsemeraro2008@gmail.com
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Semeraro
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frisoli
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loconsole
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bannò
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tammaro
authors.forename: Guglielmo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imbriaco
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Erga L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Cerchiari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D009038:Motion; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface