title: Diversity and evolution of bodyguard manipulation.
abstract: Among the different strategies used by parasites to usurp the behaviour of their host, one of the most fascinating is bodyguard manipulation. While all classic examples of bodyguard manipulation involve insect parasitoids, induced protective behaviours have also evolved in other parasite-host systems, typically as specific dimensions of the total manipulation. For instance, parasites may manipulate the host to reduce host mortality during their development or to avoid predation by non-host predators. This type of host manipulation behaviour is rarely described, probably due to the fact that studies have mainly focused on predation enhancement rather than studying all the dimensions of the manipulation. Here, in addition to the classic cases of bodyguard manipulation, we also review these 'bodyguard dimensions' and propose extending the current definition of bodyguard manipulation to include the latter. We also discuss different evolutionary scenarios under which such manipulations could have evolved.
authors.affiliation: IRD, MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, FR-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France. fanny.maure2@gmail.com
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maure
authors.forename: Simon Payette
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Daoust
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brodeur
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mitta
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005075:Biological Evolution; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D010271:Parasites / Q000502:physiology*