title: The novel dry extract BNO 1011 stimulates chloride transport and ciliary beat frequency in human respiratory epithelial cultures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Herbal remedies predate written history and continue to be used more frequently than conventional pharmaceutical medications. The novel dry extract BNO 1011 is based on a combination of five herbs that is used to treat acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. We evaluated  the pharmacologic effects of the novel dry extract BNO 1011 on human respiratory epithelial cultures specifically addressing electrolyte transport and cilia beat frequency (CBF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Well-differentiated human bronchial epithelial cultures grown at an air-liquid  interface were treated on the apical or basolateral surface with varying concentrations of dry extract BNO 1011. Changes in transepithelial sodium and chloride transport were determined in Ussing chambers under voltage-clamped conditions. Changes in CBF were determined using the Sissons-Ammons  Video Analysis system (Ammons Engineering, Mt. Morris, MI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  When applied to the apical surface, dry extract BNO 1011 activated forskolin-stimulated chloride secretion and ciliary beat in a dose-dependent fashion. Basolateral application of dry extract BNO 1011  did not alter the measured physiological properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apical application of dry extract BNO 1011 stimulates both chloride secretion and CBF and therefore may augment mucociliary clearance.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kreindler
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kreitman
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kofonow
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Noam A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D002712:Chlorides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; C028353:Sinupret