title: Targeting prostate cancer cells with PSMA inhibitor-guided gold nanoparticles.
abstract: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a notable biomarker for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in prostate cancer. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) provide an attractive nanomaterial platform for combining a variety of targeting, imaging, and cytotoxic agents into a unified device for biomedical research. In this study, we present the generation and evaluation of the first AuNP system functionalized with a small molecule phosphoramidate peptidomimetic inhibitor for the targeted delivery to PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells. The general approach involved the conjugation of streptavidin-coated AuNPs with a biotin-linked PSMA inhibitor (CTT54) to generate PSMA-targeted AuNPs. In vitro evaluations of these targeted AuNPs were conducted to determine PSMA-mediated and time-dependent binding to PSMA-positive LNCaP cells. The PSMA-targeted AuNPs exhibited significantly higher and selective binding to LNCaP cells compared to control non-targeted AuNPs, thus demonstrating the feasibility of this approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Kasten
authors.forename: Tiancheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jessie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nedrow-Byers
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Benny
authors.forename: Clifford E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Berkman
mesh_terms: D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D001710:Biotin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C066114:biotin-streptavidin complex; D001710:Biotin; D006046:Gold; C473848:FOLH1 protein, human; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II