title: Uremic anorexia and gastrointestinal motility dysfunction correlate with the changes of ghrelin system in hypothalamus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ghrelin can act as a signal for meal initiation and play a role in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility via hypothalamic circuit. This study investigated the correlation between changes of hypothalamic ghrelin system and GI motility dysfunction and anorexia in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (male/female 1:1, 180 ± 20 g) were randomly classified into a CRF group and control group (n = 8 per group). 5/6 nephrectomy was used to construct the CRF model. When plasma creatinine concentration (PCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the CRF group were twice higher than the normal, food intake (g/24 h) and gastrointestinal interdigestive myoelectric complex (IMC) were detected. Then all rats were killed for assessment of the mRNA expression of ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) in hypothalamus using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Analysis of variance, Student-Newman-Keuls-q-test and Correlation Analysis were used to do statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the control group, the CRF group was obviously decreased in the food intake (g/24 h), the phase III duration and amplitude and the ghrelin and GHS-R expression in the hypothalamus (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between them (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes of ghrelin and GHS-R in the hypothalamus correlate with gastrointestinal motility dysfunction and anorexia in rats with CRF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University.
authors.forename: Rong-Guo
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Gang-Lian
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shu-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Li-Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Bao-Song
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Rong-Liang
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000855:Anorexia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D016065:Myoelectric Complex, Migrating; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D054440:Receptors, Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014511:Uremia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054439:Ghrelin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054440:Receptors, Ghrelin; D003404:Creatinine