title: The chloroplast genome of Pellia endiviifolia: gene content, RNA-editing pattern, and the origin of chloroplast editing.
abstract: RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that can act upon transcripts from mitochondrial, nuclear, and chloroplast genomes. In chloroplasts, single-nucleotide conversions in mRNAs via RNA editing occur at different frequencies across the plant kingdom. These range from several hundred edited sites in some mosses and ferns to lower frequencies in seed plants and the complete lack of RNA editing in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Here, we report the sequence and edited sites of the chloroplast genome from the liverwort Pellia endiviifolia. The type and frequency of chloroplast RNA editing display a pattern highly similar to that in seed plants. Analyses of the C to U conversions and the genomic context in which the editing sites are embedded provide evidence in favor of the hypothesis that chloroplast RNA editing evolved to compensate mutations in the first land plants.
authors.affiliation: Philipps-University of Marburg, Laboratory for Cellular Biology, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grosche
authors.forename: Helena T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Uwe G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zauner
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003596:Cytosine / Q000378:metabolism; D061125:Genes, Chloroplast; D054628:Genome, Chloroplast; D035926:Hepatophyta / Q000235:genetics*; D017393:RNA Editing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000378:metabolism; D013941:Thymine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant; D003596:Cytosine; D013941:Thymine