title: Modulating absorption and postprandial handling of dietary fatty acids by structuring fat in the meal: a randomized crossover clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prolonged postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the context of obesity, this is associated with a chronic imbalance of lipid partitioning oriented toward storage and not toward β-oxidation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that the physical structure of fat in a meal can modify the absorption, chylomicron transport, and further metabolic handling of dietary fatty acids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine normal-weight and 9 obese subjects were fed 40 g milk fat (+[(13)C]triacylglycerols), either emulsified or nonemulsified, in breakfasts of identical composition. We measured the postprandial triacylglycerol content and size of the chylomicron-rich fraction, plasma kinetics of [(13)C]fatty acids, exogenous lipid oxidation with breath-test/indirect calorimetry, and fecal excretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The emulsified fat resulted in earlier (>1 h) and sharper chylomicron and [(13)C]fatty acid peaks in plasma than in spread fat in both groups (P < 0.0001). After 2 h, the emulsified fat resulted in greater apolipoprotein B-48 concentrations (9.7 ± 0.7 compared with 7.1 ± 0.9 mg/L; P < 0.05) in the normal-weight subjects than did the spread fat. In the obese subjects, emulsified fat resulted in a 3-fold greater chylomicron size (218 ± 24 nm) compared with the spread fat (P < 0.05). The emulsified fat induced higher dietary fatty acid spillover in plasma and a sharper (13)CO(2) appearance, which provoked increased exogenous lipid oxidation in each group: from 45% to 52% in normal-weight subjects (P < 0.05) and from 40% to 57% in obese subjects (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports a new concept of "slow vs fast fat," whereby intestinal absorption can be modulated by structuring dietary fat to modulate postprandial lipemia and lipid β-oxidation in humans with different BMIs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01249378.
authors.affiliation: From INRA, USC1362, CarMeN, Cardiovascular Metabolism Diabetes and Nutrition laboratory, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vors
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pineau
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gabert
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drai
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Louche-Pélissier
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Defoort
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lairon
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Désage
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danthine
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lambert-Porcheron
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laville
authors.forename: Marie-Caroline
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Michalski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48 / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D062408:Breakfast; D001944:Breath Tests; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002914:Chylomicrons / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007700:Kinetics; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002914:Chylomicrons; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002245:Carbon Dioxide