title: The Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile of HIV-infected individuals: a multivariate cytokinomics approach.
abstract: HIV infection causes the dysregulation of cytokine production. A cytokinomics approach employing cytometric bead array (CBA) technology, flow cytometry and multivariate analysis was applied to the investigation of HIV-induced T helper cell type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 cytokine changes in the sera of treatment naive individuals. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and logistic regression identified interleukin (IL)-6 to be discriminatory for HIV infection with 74.6% and 71.2% of the cases correctly classified. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations to be significantly (p=0.001 and p=0.025) different between the groups. A scatter plot of the log IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations for the groups largely overlapped, with improved differentiation where patients were advancing to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). IL-17A levels were higher than other cytokines but did not significantly distinguish the groups suggesting that the HIV- and HIV+ individuals had similar immune profiles. This possibility was supported by other clinical indicators. Taken together, the measured cytokines (IL-6, 10 and 17) have potential prognostic value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Steffens
authors.forename: Carolus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reinecke
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells; D058504:Th17 Cells; D018418:Th2 Cells; D014019:Tissue Donors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10