title: Anterior tibial artery perforator plus flaps for reconstruction of post-burn flexion contractures of the knee joint.
abstract: Background. Post-burn flexion contractures of the knee may arise even with adequate treatment of the burn injury. After release of the contracture, most of these defects require flap coverage. Here we describe the application of the perforator plus flap concept in the management of these contractures. Method. Between December 2010 and December 2011 five female and two male patients with knee contractures were operated on using a perforator plus flap from the anterior tibia artery perforator. In one patient both sides were operated on and the rest had unilateral surgeries. All patients had mature scars and the aetiology was thermal burn injury. All these contractures were categorized as Category 4 and Level 3 by the ICIDH guidelines with an average contracture angle of 87.5 degrees. The flap was raised after release of the defect and a Doppler study located the perforator below the fibular head. The base of the flap was kept intact at all times. The flap was then transposed towards the defect and inset in a tensionless manner. Results. All flaps survived well with marginal necrosis in only one flap, providing stable coverage to the knee joint. The average residual contracture was around 10 degrees and the average range of flexion was 10-120 degrees. Conclusion. The perforator plus flap can be an excellent choice in defects over the posterior aspect of the knee where important neurovascular structures and tendons are exposed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Saha