title: An adipoinductive role of inflammation in adipose tissue engineering: key factors in the early development of engineered soft tissues.
abstract: Tissue engineering and cell implantation therapies are gaining popularity because of their potential to repair and regenerate tissues and organs. To investigate the role of inflammatory cytokines in new tissue development in engineered tissues, we have characterized the nature and timing of cell populations forming new adipose tissue in a mouse tissue engineering chamber (TEC) and characterized the gene and protein expression of cytokines in the newly developing tissues. EGFP-labeled bone marrow transplant mice and MacGreen mice were implanted with TEC for periods ranging from 0.5 days to 6 weeks. Tissues were collected at various time points and assessed for cytokine expression through ELISA and mRNA analysis or labeled for specific cell populations in the TEC. Macrophage-derived factors, such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), appear to induce adipogenesis by recruiting macrophages and bone marrow-derived precursor cells to the TEC at early time points, with a second wave of nonbone marrow-derived progenitors. Gene expression analysis suggests that TNFα, LCN-2, and Interleukin 1β are important in early stages of neo-adipogenesis. Increasing platelet-derived growth factor and vascular endothelial cell growth factor expression at early time points correlates with preadipocyte proliferation and induction of angiogenesis. This study provides new information about key elements that are involved in early development of new adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Heidi E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Lilja
authors.forename: Wayne A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Xiao-Lian
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Erik W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Keren M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Abberton
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D014157:Transcription Factors; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins