title: Short-term oxidative lime pretreatment of palm pruning waste for use as animal feedstuff.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative lime pretreatment (OLP) is an effective pretreatment for highly recalcitrant lignocellulosic materials. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of short-term OLP on fermentative gas production kinetics of date palm prunings. Rachis and petiole were pretreated with excess lime (0.5 g Ca(OH)2 g(-1) dry matter) in a reactor charged with 10 bar pure oxygen pressure at different times and temperatures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lignin removal was greatly affected by OLP, whereas cellulose was well preserved even after severe pretreatment. After 72 h fermentation, the cumulative gas production was 321.2 mL gas g(-1) organic matter (OM) for the most severe pretreatment, compared to 73.6 mL g(-1) OM for the untreated rachis. For the petiole pretreated at 120 °C for 280 min, 268 mL gas was produced compared to 59 mL gas g(-1) OM for the untreated petiole. Scanning electron microscope images showed the formation of pores (average diameter of 10-12 µm) and carbonate calcium deposits on the surface of treated biomass. An increase in biomass crystallinity was observed in pretreated samples resulting from cellulose enrichment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that OLP improves the ruminal digestibility of date palm prunings, which may have potential for inclusion in the ruminant diet at low cost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Farhadahmadi88@gmail.com
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: Abbas Rajaee
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rad
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Holtzapple
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zamiri
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C016538:lime