title: Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea:  a 3-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have reported a small yet significant decrease in blood pressure (BP) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) application in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We investigated the long-term efficiency of CPAP in the management of hypertensive patients with OSA on top of conventional antihypertensive medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed 91 nonsleepy patients (aged 54 ± 9 years, 69 men) with essential hypertension and newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index, 38 ± 24 events/h on polysomnography) for a mean period of 3.1 years, after switching them to antihypertensive treatment targeting office BP less than 140/90 mmHg (<130/80 mmHg in diabetic patients). Participants were defined as on-CPAP if they adhered to CPAP treatment during the whole follow-up period (N = 41), whereas those that did not follow CPAP therapy served as controls (N = 50).
  
  
  RESULTS
  By the end of follow-up, on-CPAP patients and controls exhibited similar SBP and DBP levels (133 ± 12 versus 133 ± 13 mmHg, 84 ± 9 versus 85 ± 9 mmHg, respectively, P > 0.05 for all), number of patients with controlled hypertension (71 versus 70%, P > 0.05), and number of antihypertensive drugs needed to achieve BP control (2.28 ± 1.09 versus 2.11 ± 0.72, P > 0.05). In a subgroup of patients (N = 34) in whom ambulatory BP monitoring was also performed, 24-h BP levels did not differ between the two groups (125 ± 10/76 ± 7 mmHg versus 123 ± 11/75 ± 10 mmHg, P > 0.05). In multiple regression models, CPAP application was not associated with changes in BP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In nonsleepy, hypertensive, OSA patients on conventional antihypertensive treatment, long-term CPAP application is not associated with lower BP levels or a need for less antihypertensive drugs for BP control.
authors.affiliation: First Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasiakogias
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsioufis
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomopoulos
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aragiannis
authors.forename: Manos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alchanatis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tousoulis
authors.forename: Vasilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papademetriou
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Floras
authors.forename: Christodoulos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*