title: Analysis of the molecular biologic milieu of the vitreous in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous investigations have explored molecular differences between proliferative vitreoretinopathy and primary retinal detachment. An exploration of a greater number of molecules might provide novel insight into the biology of this disorder and identify potential therapeutic targets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitreous specimens were obtained from patients with epiretinal membranes or macular puckers (n = 15), patients with a primary retinal detachment without proliferative vitreoretinopathy (n = 15), and patients with retinal detachments and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (n = 15). A multiplex assay was performed to calculate the concentrations of 48 different cytokines and chemokines, and statistical analyses were performed to identify differences between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 48 molecules that were studied, we identified 10 that were statistically significantly different in cases of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, including interleukins 4, 5, 6, and 15; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors; stem cell factor; stem cell growth factor; macrophage inflammatory protein 1α; and interferon γ-induced protein 10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proliferative vitreoretinopathy represents a highly ordered molecular process that involves discrete changes in the concentrations of specific cytokines and chemokines. These molecules may represent novel therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Lions Eye Institute, Albany Medical College, Slingerlands, New York 12159, USA. tedwladis@gmail.com
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wladis
authors.forename: Naomi S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: Bibiana V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Iglesias
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: Edmund J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Gosselin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D014821:Vitrectomy; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines