title: Three-dimensional quantitative force maps in liquid with 10 piconewton, angstrom and sub-minute resolutions.
abstract: We develop a bimodal force microscopy method to map the three-dimensional force fields and their time-evolution on a variety of solid-water interfaces. The force maps show an oscillatory decaying force perpendicular to the solid surface with a 0.3 nm periodicity. The technique enables the three-dimensional imaging and mapping of the hydration layers and forces on mica and protein GroEL surfaces with 10 piconewton, 2 angstrom and 40 second (whole volume) resolutions. We record the existence and evolution of nanoscale perturbations involving thousands of water molecules of the protein-liquid interface. Those instabilities are not found in stiff and atomically flat interfaces.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Herruzo
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuma
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D014867:Water; C011934:mica