title: Terpenoids of plant origin inhibit morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation by Candida albicans.
abstract: Biofilm-related infections caused by Candida albicans and associated drug resistant micro-organisms are serious problems for immunocompromised populations. Molecules which can prevent or remove biofilms are needed. Twenty-eight terpenoids of plant origin were analysed for their activity against growth, virulence attributes, and biofilms of C. albicans. Eighteen molecules exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations of <2 mg ml(-1) for planktonic growth. Selected molecules inhibited yeast to hyphal dimorphism at low concentrations (0.031-0.5 mg ml(-1)), while adhesion to a solid surface was prevented at 0.5-2 mg ml(-1). Treatment with 14 terpenoids resulted in significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of biofilm formation, and of these, linalool, nerol, isopulegol, menthol, carvone, α-thujone, and farnesol exhibited biofilm-specific activity. Eight terpenoids were identified as inhibitors of mature biofilms. This study demonstrated the antibiofilm potential of terpenoids, which need to be further explored as therapeutic strategy against biofilm associated infections of C. albicans.
authors.affiliation: DST-FIST & UGC-SAP School of Life Sciences, SRTM University, Nanded, 431 606, MS, India.
authors.forename: Jayant S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Raut
authors.forename: Ravikumar B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Shinde
authors.forename: Nitin M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: S Mohan
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Karuppayil
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000737:chemistry; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000737:chemistry; D025301:Hyphae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C548251:2,3-bis (2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide; D000813:Anilides; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D013729:Terpenes; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D005840:Gentian Violet