title: Intratumoral 224Ra-loaded wires spread alpha-emitters inside solid human tumors in athymic mice achieving tumor control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We developed a new method of brachytherapy, termed diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy (DaRT), based on the use of intratumoral (224)Ra-loaded wires, which release short-lived alpha-emitting atoms by recoil. Here, we examined their ability to destroy and control the development of several human-derived tumors implanted in athymic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiments were performed on athymic mice bearing malignant human-derived tumors including prostate (PC-3), glioblastoma (GBM, U87-MG), colon (HCT15), squamous cell carcinoma (FaDu) and melanoma (C32). One or more (224)Ra-loaded wires were inserted into the tumors, and mice were assessed for tumor growth rate and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo studies showed that DaRT can effectively destroy the tumors, and in vitro tests confirmed the sensitivity of the studied cells to alpha particles. While the C32 cells were relatively resistant, other tumor types (e.g. HCT15) exhibited sensitivity in both measured aspects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DaRT could potentially be combined with chemotherapy or other treatment modalities to effectively treat non-resectable tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine. Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Tomer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cooks
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tal
authors.forename: Sefi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: Margalit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Efrati
authors.forename: Shira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reitkopf
authors.forename: Elinor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazarov
authors.forename: Revital
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Etzyoni
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arazi
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kelson
authors.forename: Yona
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Keisari
mesh_terms: D000512:Alpha Particles; D000818:Animals; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000528:radiation effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011883:Radium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D013910:Thorium; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C026062:thorium X; D013910:Thorium; D011883:Radium