title: A 137-kb deletion within the Potocki-Shaffer syndrome interval on chromosome 11p11.2 associated with developmental delay and hypotonia.
abstract: Potocki-Shaffer syndrome (PSS) is a rare disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of genes located on the proximal short arm of chromosome 11 (11p11.2p12). Classic features include biparietal foramina, multiple exostoses, profound hypotonia, dysmorphic features, and developmental delay/intellectual disability. Fewer than 40 individuals with PSS have been reported, with variable clinical presentations due in part to disparity in deletion sizes. We report on a boy who presented for initial evaluation at age 13 months because of a history of developmental delay, hypotonia, subtle dysmorphic features, and neurobehavioral abnormalities. SNP microarray analysis identified a 137 kb deletion at 11p11.2, which maps within the classically defined PSS interval. This deletion results in haploinsufficiency for all or portions of six OMIM genes: SLC35C1, CRY2, MAPK8IP1, PEX16, GYLTL1B, and PHF21A. Recently, translocations interrupting PHF21A have been associated with intellectual disability and craniofacial anomalies similar to those seen in PSS. The identification of this small deletion in a child with developmental delay and hypotonia provides further evidence for the genetic basis of developmental disability and identifies a critical region sufficient to cause hypotonia in this syndrome. Additionally, this case illustrates the utility of high resolution genomic approaches in correlating clinical phenotypes with specific genes in contiguous gene deletion syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. nmontgom@unch.unc.edu
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Christie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Turcott
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tepperberg
authors.forename: Marie T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Arthur S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Aylsworth
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D025063:Chromosome Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / Q000235:genetics; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics; D056931:Cryptochromes / Q000235:genetics; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005097:Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D057895:Haploinsufficiency; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C538966:CRY2 protein, human; D056931:Cryptochromes; C490666:MAPK8IP1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; C486345:PEX16 protein, human; C426650:SLC35C1 protein, human; D016695:Glycosyltransferases; C500430:LARGE2 protein, human; C492634:PHF21A protein, human; D006655:Histone Deacetylases