title: Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory properties of the unsaponifiable fraction from awara (Astrocaryum vulgare M.) pulp oil in activated J774 macrophages and in a mice model of endotoxic shock.
abstract: Awara (Astrocaryum vulgare M.) pulp oil has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties in vivo, and contains an unsaponifiable matter rich in bioactive compounds. This study focused on the ethanolic unsaponifiable fraction (EUF) of awara pulp oil. Its chemical composition has been characterized: carotenoid, phytosterol, and tocopherol contents represent 125.7, 152.6, and 6.8 μg/mg of EUF, respectively. We further evaluated this fraction for anti-inflammatory properties in J774 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon (IFN) γ to understand the biological effects of awara pulp oil. EUF strongly decreased nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α, and interleukin (IL) -6 and -10 production in activated J774 cells. Moreover, it inhibited expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenases-2 in vitro. The anti-inflammatory properties of EUF were also confirmed in vivo by modulation of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10 serum concentration in an endotoxic shock model. Pre-treatment with awara oil fraction offers promise as a protective means to lower the production of excessive amounts of pro-inflammatory molecules.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Physiopathologie Expérimentales, UMR Qualisud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Montpellier I, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bony
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boudard
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dussossoy
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Portet
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brat
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giaimis
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000009:adverse effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009573:Nitrites; D010840:Phytosterols; D010938:Plant Oils; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002338:Carotenoids; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496512:Ptgs1 protein, mouse; D015232:Dinoprostone; D024505:Tocopherols