title: [Extended-spectrum of beta-lactamases (ESBL): yesterday ESBL: and today ESBL, carbapenemase-producing and multiresistant bacteria].
abstract: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), which confer resistance to third generation cephalosporins, demonstrate how rapidly resistance mechanisms can evolve. These enzymes were discovered in few isolates in the late 1980s. They have now reached significant levels in hospitals and the community worldwide. Different ESBL enzyme variants (TEM, SHV, CTX-M) have been identified. They now substantially impair the utility of the later generation of cephalosporins and narrow the therapy options for patients with Gram-negative infections. Recently, reports on the wide dissemination of ESBL-producing bacteria in newborns, livestock, and in food accumulated. Meanwhile the worldwide dissemination of particular ESBL variants in epidemiologically successful Enterobacteriaceae strains has occurred.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg. beniam.ghebremedhin@med.ovgu.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghebremedhin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004203:Disinfection; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002511:Cephalosporins; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C063912:carbapenemase