title: Analgesic ineffectiveness of lacosamide after spinal nerve ligation and its sodium channel activity in injured neurons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lacosamide is a novel anti-epileptic drug that enhances the slow- and not fast-inactivating state of voltage-gated sodium channels. Lacosamide has demonstrated analgesic efficacy in several animal studies but preclinical studies on neuropathic pain models are rare, and recent clinical trials showed no superior analgesic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we examine whether an acute or chronic administration of lacosamide (3-60 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuates pain behaviour induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL). To validate the inhibitory efficacy of lacosamide on voltage-gated sodium channels, sodium currents in naïve and SNL-injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were recorded using whole-cell patch clamping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lacosamide only marginally attenuated thermal hyperalgesia, but not tactile allodynia when applied once 7 or 14 days after SNL and showed no analgesic effect when applied daily for 19 days. In naïve neurons, 100 μmol/L lacosamide inhibited sodium channel currents by 58% and enhanced the slow inactivation (87% for lacosamide vs. 47% for control). In contrast, lacosamide inhibited sodium currents in injured DRG neurons by only 15%, while the effects on slow inactivation were diminished. Isolated currents from the NaV 1.8 channel subtype were only marginally changed by lacosamide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduced effectiveness of lacosamide on voltage-gated sodium channel currents in injured DRG neurons may contribute to the reduced analgesic effect observed for the SNL model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hagenacker
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Büsselberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfers
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy; D000078334:Lacosamide; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000188:drug therapy; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000700:Analgesics; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D015222:Sodium Channels; D000078334:Lacosamide