title: Zonisamide attenuates MPP+-induced oxidative toxicity through modulation of Ca2+ signaling and caspase-3 activity in neuronal PC12 cells.
abstract: Parkinson's disease is an incurable progressive neurological condition caused by a degeneration of dopamine-producing cells characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. The major mechanisms of the antiepileptic actions of ZNS are inhibition of voltage-gated Na(+) channel, T-type voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channel, Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) releasing system, and neuronal depolarization-induced glutamate release; and enhancement of release of inhibitory neurotransmitters; however, the detailed mechanism of antiparkinsonian effects of ZNS remains to be clarified. We aimed to investigate to the effect of ZNS on the oxidative stress, cell viability, Ca(2+) signaling, and caspase activity that induced by the MPP(+) model of Parkinson's in neuronal PC12 cells. Neuronal PC12 cells were divided into four groups namely, control, ZNS, MPP(+), and ZNS+MPP(+) groups. The dose and duration of ZNS and MPP(+) were determined according to cell viability (MTT) analysis which used to assess the cell viability. The cells in ZNS, MPP(+), and ZNS+MPP(+) groups were incubated for 5 h with 100 μM ZNS, 10 h with 100 μM MPP(+), and 10 h with ZNS and MPP(+), respectively. Lipid peroxidation and cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentrations were higher in the MPP(+) group than in control although their levels were lower in ZNS and the ZNS+MPP(+) groups than in control. Reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase values were lower in the MPP(+) group although they were higher in the ZNS and the ZNS+MPP(+) groups than in control. Caspase-3 activity was lower in the ZNS group than in the MPP(+) group. In conclusion, ZNS induced modulator effects on the oxidative stress, intracellular Ca(2+), and the caspase-3 values in an experimental model of Parkinson disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vedat Ali
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Yürekli
authors.forename: Semih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gürler
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nazıroğlu
authors.forename: Abdülhadi Cihangir
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Uğuz
authors.forename: Hasan Rifat
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Koyuncuoğlu
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007477:Ions; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D000078305:Zonisamide
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D007555:Isoxazoles; D000078305:Zonisamide; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; D002118:Calcium