title: Analysis of aflatoxins in nonalcoholic beer using liquid-liquid extraction and ultraperformance LC-MS/MS.
abstract: Aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and posses a potential threat to food safety. In the present work, liquid-liquid extraction and ultraperformance LC-MS/MS method has been applied for the determination of four naturally occurring aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 in nonalcoholic beer. Aflatoxins extraction from nonalcoholic beer was carried out using liquid-liquid extraction procedure. The effects of solvent-types were studied to obtain maximum recovery of the target analytes with minimum contamination. Among different solvents, the aflatoxins extraction was best achieved using ethyl acetate. The obtained recoveries were ranged from 85 to 96% with good quality parameters: LOD values between 0.001 and 0.003 ng/mL, linearity of the calibration curve (r(2)  > 0.999), and repeatability (run-to-run) and reproducibility (day-to-day) precisions with RSDs lower than 5% (n = 5) achieved at 0.50 ng/mL concentration. The optimized liquid-liquid extraction in combination with ultraperformance LC-MS/MS was applied successfully to the analysis of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 aflatoxins in 11 nonalcoholic beers and were detected up to 15.31 ng/L in some of the samples.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mrkhan@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Mohammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Zeid A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Alothman
authors.forename: Ayman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ghfar
authors.forename: Saikh M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wabaidur
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D059022:Food Safety; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins