title: A multi-modal approach to intervention for one adolescent's frontal lisp.
abstract: An adolescent with a persistent frontal lisp participated in a two-part 11-session intervention case study. The first phase used ultrasound imagery and acoustic, phonetic and voice education to provide information about articulatory setting (AS) and general awareness of the speech production process. The second phase used traditional articulation therapy, online visual-acoustic biofeedback and fluency strategies to target the frontal lisp directly (specifically /s/, /z/, /ʃ/ and /ʧ/). Trained listener evaluations of pre-intervention, post-phase 1 and post-phase 2 assessments showed no improvement after phase 1, but notable improvement in all treatment targets immediately after phase 2. These improvements were substantially maintained at assessment 4 months post-intervention. The outcomes suggest that direct training was more effective than the AS approach; however, the client's ability to self-monitor in phase 2, rapid acquisition of the targets and maintenance at 4 months post-intervention possibly reflected the knowledge gained in phase 1 about AS.
authors.affiliation: School of Audiology and Speech Sciences ,  University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC ,  Canada V6T 1Z3.
authors.forename: Heidi Massel
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lipetz
authors.forename: B May
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013060:Speech; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014834:Voice Training