title: The expression of genes involved in NF-κB activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, the changes in insulin resistance are associated with the changes in expression of genes involved in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). As such studies have never been carried out in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM), in this study, we evaluated the expression of genes involved in NF-κB activation and related to glucose metabolism in PBMCs obtained from pregnant women with GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).
  
  
  METHODS
  RT-PCR was performed in 60 pregnant women divided into three groups: GDM at the 1st visit, i.e. in the 24th-28th weeks of gestation (GDM1), NGT at the first visit and GDM in the 29th-32nd weeks (GDM2), and NGT at both visits. The tests were repeated 3 months postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GDM1 group had significantly higher TLR2 (P=0.024), TLR4 (P=0.037), STAT1 (P=0.027), and CX3CL1 (P=0.017) mRNA expression, whereas the GDM2 group showed markedly lower TNFRSF1A (P=0.042), PPARG (P=0.018), STAT3 (P=0.013), and CX3CL1 (P=0.038) mRNA expression in comparison with the NGT group. The women with NGT at the 1st visit who later developed GDM had significantly higher fasting glucose (P=0.01), HOMA-IR (P=0.004), and TLR2 mRNA expression (P=0.04), as well as lower ISSI2 (P=0.01) and disposition indices, DI₃₀ (P=0.03) and DI₁₂₀ (P=0.01), than had the women who remained normoglycemic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that elevated TLR2 expression, as well as higher fasting glucose and lower compensation for increased insulin resistance, may represent early metabolic disturbances in the development of GDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland. mkuzmicki@op.pl
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuzmicki
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Telejko
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lipinska
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pliszka
authors.forename: Julisz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zielinska
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skibicka
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szamatowicz
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kretowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; C489548:NFKB1 protein, human; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; C506235:TNFRSF1A protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4