title: [Risk factors of schizophrenia development in patients with amphetamines dependence and psychosis (amphetamine-induced psychosis and schizophrenia), and without psychosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amphetamine and its derivates can induce, usually after many intoxications, schizophrenia-like psychosis. These disorders appeared only in part patients with amphetamine dependence. Aim of the study was to establish prevalence of selective risk factors of schizophrenia development in amphetamine users: 1) with amphetamine-induced schizophrenia-like psychosis, 2) with schizophrenia, and 2) without psychotic symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the study 3 groups of subjects were included: 30 amphetamine users with amphetamine induced schizophrenia-like psychosis, 30 amphetamine users with schizophrenia and 30 amphetamine users without psychotic symptoms (37 female and 53 male in mean age = 17.78 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Amphetamine dependence, schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis induced amphetamine were diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria after at least 1 year of amphetamine abstinence. The next procedure was used: 1) Structured interview with subjects and their mothers/caregivers regarding: a) amphetamines use (duration of abuse, doses of psychoactive substance) b) family history of psychosis (especially schizophrenia) 2) The Questionnaire of Child Development for assessment of prevalence of selected risk factors of schizophrenia development 3) The Premorbid Adjustment Scale (Cannon--Spoor) for assessment of premorbid psychosocial functioning in thelast year before psychosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amphetamines users with amphetamine-induced psychosis were more similar in prevalence of selective risk factors of schizophrenia development to subjects with schizophrenia and amphetamine dependence than to amphetamine users without psychosis. Amphetamine-induced psychosis developed more frequently in amphetamine users who used higher amphetamine doses and with familial history of psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Zaburzen Afektywnych i Psychotycznych I Katedry Psychiatrii UM w Łodzi.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rabe-Jabłońska
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirek
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pawełczyk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000187:drug effects; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D000661:Amphetamine