title: Ileocecal valve dysfunction in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether patients with a defective ileocecal valve (ICV)/cecal distension reflex have small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a colonoscope, under conscious sedation, the ICV was intubated and the colonoscope was placed within the terminal ileum (TI). A manometry catheter with 4 pressure channels, spaced 1 cm apart, was passed through the biopsy channel of the colonoscope into the TI. The colonoscope was slowly withdrawn from the TI while the manometry catheter was advanced. The catheter was placed across the ICV so that at least one pressure port was within the TI, ICV and the cecum respectively. Pressures were continuously measured during air insufflation into the cecum, under direct endoscopic visualization, in 19 volunteers. Air was insufflated to a maximum of 40 mmHg to prevent barotrauma. All subjects underwent lactulose breath testing one month after the colonoscopy. The results of the breath tests were compared with the results of the pressures within the ICV during air insufflation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen subjects underwent colonoscopy with measurements of the ICV pressures after intubation of the ICV with a colonoscope. Initial baseline readings showed no statistical difference in the pressures of the TI and ICV, between subjects with positive lactulose breath tests and normal lactulose breath tests. The average peak ICV pressure during air insufflation into the cecum in subjects with normal lactulose breath tests was significantly higher than cecal pressures during air insufflation (49.33 ± 7.99 mmHg vs 16.40 ± 2.14 mmHg, P = 0.0011). The average percentage difference of the area under the pressure curve of the ICV from the cecum during air insufflations in subjects with normal lactulose breath tests was significantly higher (280.72% ± 43.29% vs 100% ± 0%, P = 0.0006). The average peak ICV pressure during air insufflation into the cecum in subjects with positive lactulose breath tests was not significantly different than cecal pressures during air insufflation 21.23 ± 3.52 mmHg vs 16.10 ± 3.39 mmHg. The average percentage difference of the area under the pressure curve of the ICV from the cecum during air insufflation was not significantly different 101.08% ± 7.96% vs 100% ± 0%. The total symptom score for subjects with normal lactulose breath tests and subjects with positive lactulose breath tests was not statistically different (13.30 ± 4.09 vs 24.14 ± 6.58). The ICV peak pressures during air insufflations were significantly higher in subjects with normal lactulose breath tests than in subjects with positive lactulose breath tests (P = 0.005). The average percent difference of the area under the pressure curve in the ICV from cecum was significantly higher in subjects with normal lactulose breath tests than in subjects with positive lactulose breath tests (P = 0.0012). Individuals with positive lactulose breath tests demonstrated symptom scores which were significantly higher for the following symptoms: not able to finish normal sized meal, feeling excessively full after meals, loss of appetite and bloating.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to normal, subjects with a positive lactulose breath test have a defective ICV cecal distension reflex. These subjects also more commonly have higher symptom scores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hofstra Northshore Long Island Jewish Hospital, School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA. larrymillergastro@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Larry S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Vegesna
authors.forename: Aiswerya Madanam
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sampath
authors.forename: Shital
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.forename: Sesha Krishna
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kotapati
authors.forename: Kian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makipour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D001944:Breath Tests; D002432:Cecum / Q000503:physiopathology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007080:Ileocecal Valve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007082:Ileum / Q000503:physiopathology; D007327:Insufflation; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology*; D007792:Lactulose / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D007792:Lactulose