title: [Effect of single or combined application of UDP-glucose, GDNF and memantine on improvement of white matter injury in neonatal rats assessed with light and electron microscopy pathologically].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate pathologically the effect of the single or combined application of UDP-glucose, GDNF and memantine on the improvement of white matter injury in neonatal rats with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) under light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A five-day-old neonatal rat model for PVL was established by ligation of the lateral common carotid artery following 120-minute hypoxia. Rats were randomly divided into six groups (30 rats in each group): sham-operated, PVL, UDP-glucose (UDP-glucose 2000 mg/kg intraperitoneally after PVL), GDNF (GDNF 100 μg/kg intracerebrally after PVL), tmemantine (memantine 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally after PVL), and a combination administration of three drugs (UDP-glucose, GDNF and memantine). The rats were sacrificed 7 or 21 days after PVL for assessment of pathological changes in the white matter under both light and electron microscopy. The number and thickness of the myelin sheath in the white matter were measured under electron microscopy, and both of pathological grading and scoring were undertaken under light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was rare and sparse myelinogenesis with a loose arrangement of nerve fibers in the white matter under electron microscopy in the PVL group at 7 and 21 days after PVL. The number and thickness of the myelin sheath in the PVL group were significantly less than in the sham-operated, UDP-glucose, GDNF, memantine and combination administration groups (P<0.01). The results of pathological grading of white matter under light microscopy showed that all rats in the PVL group manifested either mild injury (38%-50%) or severe injury (50%-62%) at 7 and 21 days after PVL. The majority of rats (50%-88%) in the four drug administration groups had normal white matter at 7 and 21 days after PVL. The pathological scores at 7 and 21 days after PVL in the PVL group were the highest, and they were significantly higher than in the other five groups (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The single or combined application of UDP-glucose, GDNF and memantine may significantly improve pathological changes in the white matter of rats with PVL. The favorable effect is inferred to be closely correlated with the improvement of brain microenvironment and the enhancement of nerve regeneration promoted by the three drugs.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Juan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feng-Xia
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Hui-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Long-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008559:Memantine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014532:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D014532:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose; D008559:Memantine