title: Cryotherapy reduces skeletal muscle damage after ischemia/reperfusion in rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of cryotherapy on the biochemical and morphological changes in ischemic and reperfused (I/R) gastrocnemius muscle of rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into control and I/R groups, and divided based on whether or not the rats were submitted to cryotherapy. Following the reperfusion period, biochemical and morphological analyses were performed. Following cryotherapy, a reduction in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and dichlorofluorescein oxidation levels were observed in I/R muscle. Cryotherapy in I/R muscle also minimized effects such as decreased cellular viability, levels of non-protein thiols and calcium ATPase activity as well as increased catalase activity. Cryotherapy also limited mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased the presence of neutrophils in I/R muscle, an effect that was corroborated by reduced myeloperoxidase activity in I/R muscle treated with cryotherapy. The effects of cryotherapy are associated with a reduction in the intensity of the inflammatory response and also with a decrease in mitochondrial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gustavo O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Puntel
authors.forename: Nélson R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dobrachinski
authors.forename: Andréia C F
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Salgueiro
authors.forename: Robson L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Puntel
authors.forename: Vanderlei
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Folmer
authors.forename: Nilda B V
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Luiz F F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Royes
authors.forename: João Batista T
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Félix A A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D017679:Cryotherapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007511:Ischemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000201:enzymology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009195:Peroxidase