title: Utility of PCR amplification and DNA microarray hybridization of 16S rDNA for rapid diagnosis of bacteremia associated with hematological diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The rapid diagnosis of bacteremia is crucial for patient management including the choice of antimicrobial therapy, especially in cases of hematological disease, because neutropenia occurs frequently during antineoplastic chemotherapy or disease progression. We describe a rapid detection and identification system that uses universal PCR primers to amplify a variable region of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), followed by DNA microarray hybridization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Probes for 72 microorganisms including most causal clinical pathogens were spotted onto a microarray plate. The DNA microarray and conventional methods of identification were applied to 335 cultures from patients with hematological diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one samples (12.2%) tested positive by conventional blood culture test in a few days, while 40 cases (11.9%) were identified by the new method within 24 h. The sensitivity and specificity of this new method were 93% and 99%, respectively, compared with conventional blood culture testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCR combined with a DNA microarray is useful for the management of febrile patients with hematological diseases.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3, Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiju
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Negoro
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikegaya
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Urasaki
authors.forename: Mitsunobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimadzu
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics*; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S