title: Interaction between maternal and offspring diet to impair vascular function and oxidative balance in high fat fed male mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of maternal and post-weaning consumption of a high fat diet on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and redox regulation in adult male mouse offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female C57BL6J mice were fed an obesogenic high fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat) or standard chow (C, 21% kcal fat) pre-conception and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, male offspring were continued on the same diet as their mothers or placed on the alternative diet to give 4 dietary groups (C/C, HF/C, C/HF and HF/HF) which were studied at 15 or 30 weeks of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant effects of maternal diet on offspring body weight (p<0.004), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.026) and endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh (p = 0.004) and NO production (p = 0.005) measured in the femoral artery. With control for maternal diet there was also an effect of offspring post-weaning dietary fat to increase systolic blood pressure (p<0.0001) and reduce endothelium-dependent relaxation (p = 0.022) and ACh-mediated NO production (p = 0.007). There was also a significant impact of age (p<0.005). Redox balance was perturbed, with altered regulation of vascular enzymes involved in ROS/NO signalling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal consumption of a HF diet is associated with changes in vascular function and oxidative balance in the offspring of similar magnitude to those seen with consumption of a high fat diet post-weaning. Further, this disadvantageous vascular phenotype is exacerbated by age to influence the risk of developing obesity, raised blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in adult life.
authors.affiliation: Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torrens
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ethirajan
authors.forename: Kimberley D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Felino R A
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Cagampang
authors.forename: Richard C M
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Siow
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Giovanni E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Geraldine F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Clough
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005269:Femur / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008954:Models, Biological; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D013599:Systole; D014661:Vasoconstriction; D014664:Vasodilation; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III