title: Inhibition of nitric oxide production in the macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cell line by protein from the rhizomes of Zingiberaceae plants.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and has been implicated in endotoxin-induced tissue injury. Zingiberaceae is a family of indigenous plants of tropical regions, many of which have traditionally been used as anti-inflammatory agents. Here, the ability of crude protein extracts from the rhizomes of 15 Zingiberaceae species to inhibit NO production in the RAW 264.7 cell line after co-stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was evaluated. The crude protein extract of Zingiber ottensii Valeton exhibited the highest inhibitory activity, with an IC(50) value of 38.6 ± 0.34 µg protein/mL, and also suppressed the LPS- and rm-interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated increase in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA transcript expression levels, suggesting the interference was mediated at the transcriptional level. This strong anti-inflammatory activity may have the potential to be developed as a therapeutic compound. Analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrometry revealed four main protein bands, including a likely lectin, superoxide dismutase, and cysteine protease, in the fractions related to the antioxidant activity.
authors.affiliation: Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chantaranothai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palaga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karnchanatat
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sangvanich
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D057056:Cysteine Proteases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D037121:Plant Lectins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D057056:Cysteine Proteases