title: Isolation and identification of fungi from a meju contaminated with aflatoxins.
abstract: A home-made meju sample contaminated naturally with aflatoxins was used for isolation of fungal strains. Overall, 230 fungal isolates were obtained on dichloran rosebengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) and dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar plates. Morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of a partial beta-tubulin gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA were used for the identification of the isolates. The fungal isolates were divided into 7 genera: Aspergillus, Eurotium, Penicillium, Eupenicillium, Mucor, Lichtheimia, and Curvularia. Three strains from 56 isolates of the A. oryzae/flavus group were found to be aflatoxigenic A. flavus, by the presence of the aflatoxin biosynthesis genes and confirmatory aflatoxin production by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The predominant isolate from DRBC plates was A. oryzae (42 strains, 36.2%), whereas that from DG18 was A. candidus (61 strains, 53.5%). Out of the 230 isolates, the most common species was A. candidus (34.3%) followed by A. oryzae (22.2%), Mucor circinelloides (13.0%), P. polonicum (10.0%), A. tubingensis (4.8%), and L. ramosa (3.5%). A. flavus and E. chevalieri presented occurrence levels of 2.2%, respectively. The remaining isolates of A. unguis, P. oxalicum, Eupenicillium cinnamopurpureum, A. acidus, E. rubrum, P. chrysogenum, M. racemosus, and C. inaequalis had lower occurrence levels of < 2.0%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Soo Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hyo Ku
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyang Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Seung Beom
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003470:Culture Media; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D003470:Culture Media; D004271:DNA, Fungal