title: Precision and long-term stability of clumped-isotope analysis of CO2 using a small-sector isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ratio of the measured abundance of (13)C-(18)O bonding CO(2) to its stochastic abundance, prescribed by the δ(13)C and δ(18)O values from a carbonate mineral, is sensitive to its growth temperature. Recently, clumped-isotope thermometry, which uses this ratio, has been adopted as a new tool to elucidate paleotemperatures quantitatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clumped isotopes in CO(2) were measured with a small-sector isotope ratio mass spectrometer. CO(2) samples digested from several kinds of calcium carbonates by phosphoric acid at 25 °C were purified using both cryogenic and gas-chromatographic separations, and their isotopic composition (δ(13)C, δ(18)O, Δ(47), Δ(48) and Δ(49) values) were then determined using a dual-inlet Delta XP mass spectrometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal precisions of the single gas Δ(47) measurements were 0.005 and 0.02‰ (1 SE) for the optimum and the routine analytical conditions, respectively, which are comparable with those obtained using a MAT 253 mass spectrometer. The long-term variations in the Δ(47) values for the in-house working standard and the heated CO(2) gases since 2007 were close to the routine, single gas uncertainty while showing seasonal-like periodicities with a decreasing trend. Unlike the MAT 253, the Delta XP did not show any significant relationship between the Δ(47) and δ(47) values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Delta XP gave results that were approximately as precise as those of the MAT 253 for clumped-isotope analysis. The temporal stability of the Delta XP seemed to be lower, although an advantage of the Delta XP was that no dependency of δ(47) on Δ(47) was found.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vasilev
authors.forename: Prosenjit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morimoto