title: Surgical margins of resection for breast cancer: current evidence.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and second main cause of death in women in western countries. Breast-conserving therapy, consisting of lumpectomy and radiation therapy, has become the standard local treatment for T1-T2 breast tumors. There is general agreement that successful breast conservation requires complete tumor excision with a "tumor-free" or "negative" margin of resection, but the definition of a negative margin is controversial. A commonly accepted definition of adequate margins requires a 2-mm distance between ink and tumor but opinions range from the original National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project definition of "no ink on tumor", to a recommended width of 10 mm or more. The ability to perform real-time molecular imaging analysis of margins during surgery would clearly be a significant advance; several groups have engaged in this effort, with encouraging reports of preliminary data. Further development of such techniques promises to lead to a point at which accurate intraoperative margin evaluation may be possible and may even be combined with therapeutic interventions, using techniques such as photodynamic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Geriatric, Oncologic Surgery and Advanced Technologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rispoli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iannone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Compagna
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rocco
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans