title: Outcome of urethral stent placement for management of urethral obstruction secondary to transitional cell carcinoma in dogs: 19 cases (2007-2010).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the outcome in dogs undergoing urethral stent placement for management of urethral obstruction secondary to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 dogs with histopathologically confirmed TCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information regarding urethral stent placement and follow-up treatment was obtained from review of medical records. Quality of life assessment was performed with an owner questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-expanding nitinol stents were successfully placed in 17 of 19 dogs; stent placement was not possible in one dog, and another dog was euthanatized 2 days after stent placement, but before discharge from the hospital. Median survival time in 17 dogs following successful long-term stent placement was 78 days (range, 2 to 366 days). Complications following stent placement in 18 dogs included incontinence (n = 7), reobstruction from continued growth of urethral TCC (3), acute reobstruction shortly after the procedure (1), and stent migration (2). Of the 17 owners surveyed, 16 were satisfied with the outcome and would recommend urethral stent placement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The placement of self-expanding nitinol urethral stents was successful in alleviating TCC-induced urethral obstruction and providing good quality of life for most dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: Deborah W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramos-Vara
authors.forename: Patty L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bonney
authors.forename: Larry G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D015607:Stents / Q000662:veterinary*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*