title: Effect of non-starch-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes as feed additive on the rumen bacterial population in non-lactating cows quantified by real-time PCR.
abstract: The effects of non-starch-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, added to a maize silage- and grass silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) at least 14 h before feeding, on the rumen bacterial population were investigated. Six non-lactating Holstein Friesian cows were allocated to three treatment groups using a duplicate 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 31-day periods (29 days of adaptation and 2 days of sampling). Treatments were control TMR [69% forage and 31% concentrates on a dry matter (DM) basis] or TMR with 13.8 or 27.7 ml/kg of feed DM of Roxazyme G2 liquid with activities (U/ml enzyme preparation) of xylanase 260 000, β-glucanase 180 000 and cellulase 8000 (DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland). The concentrations of 16S rDNA of Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Prevotella ruminicola, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Selenomonas ruminantium and Treponema bryantii, and their relative percentage of total bacteria in rumen samples obtained before feeding and 3 and 7 h after feeding and from two rumen fractions were determined using real-time PCR. Sampling time had only little influence, but bacterial numbers and the composition of the population differed between the transition layer between rumen fluid and the fibre mat (fraction A) and the rumen fluid (fraction B) highlighting the importance to standardize sampling. The 16S rDNA copies of total bacteria and the six bacterial species as well as the population composition were mainly unaffected by the high levels of exogenous enzymes supplemented at all sampling times and in both rumen fractions. Occasionally, the percentages of the non-fibrolytic species P. ruminicola and A. lipolytica changed in response to enzyme supplementation. Some increases in the potential degradability of the diet and decreases in lag time which occurred collaterally indicate that other factors than changes in numbers of non-particle-associated bacteria are mainly responsible for the effects of exogenous enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Zeitz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guertler
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Pfaffl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eisenreich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiedemann
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005503:Food Additives / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary*; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D005503:Food Additives