title: Prevention of child injuries during tornadoes: cases from the 2011 tornado outbreak in Alabama.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tornadoes and violent weather pose a hazard to children, yet little is known about the use of personal protective devices during storms. An outbreak of tornadoes on April 27, 2011, resulted in the deaths of 23 children in Alabama.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records from 60 patients seen in a pediatric emergency department for tornado-related injuries were reviewed to identify the use of injury prevention devices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three children directly exposed to a violent tornado (Enhanced Fujita Scale 4) were using safety equipment, specifically, a helmet and infant car seats. These 3 children sustained only minor injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personal protective devices may have played a role in preventing child injuries from tornadoes. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the medical literature on helmet and infant car seat use as child protective devices during tornadoes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Kathy W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Monroe
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention; D000407:Alabama / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D057207:Child Restraint Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004189:Disaster Planning; D004190:Disasters; D004630:Emergencies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000209:etiology; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma; D011481:Protective Clothing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012042:Registries; D055869:Tornadoes; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*