title: Consistency of systematic chemical identifiers within and between small-molecule databases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Correctness of structures and associated metadata within public and commercial chemical databases greatly impacts drug discovery research activities such as quantitative structure-property relationships modelling and compound novelty checking. MOL files, SMILES notations, IUPAC names, and InChI strings are ubiquitous file formats and systematic identifiers for chemical structures. While interchangeable for many cheminformatics purposes there have been no studies on the inconsistency of these structure identifiers due to various approaches for data integration, including the use of different software and different rules for structure standardisation. We have investigated the consistency of systematic identifiers of small molecules within and between some of the commonly used chemical resources, with and without structure standardisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The consistency between systematic chemical identifiers and their corresponding MOL representation varies greatly between data sources (37.2%-98.5%). We observed the lowest overall consistency for MOL-IUPAC names. Disregarding stereochemistry increases the consistency (84.8% to 99.9%). A wide variation in consistency also exists between MOL representations of compounds linked via cross-references (25.8% to 93.7%). Removing stereochemistry improved the consistency (47.6% to 95.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown that considerable inconsistency exists in structural representation and systematic chemical identifiers within and between databases. This can have a great influence especially when merging data and if systematic identifiers are used as a key index for structure integration or cross-querying several databases. Regenerating systematic identifiers starting from their MOL representation and applying well-defined and documented chemistry standardisation rules to all compounds prior to creating them can dramatically increase internal consistency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, P,O, Box 2040, Rotterdam, CA, 3000, Netherlands. s.ahmadakhondi@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Saber A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Akhondi
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kors
authors.forename: Sorel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muresan