title: Anticipatory activity in rat medial prefrontal cortex during a working memory task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Working memory is a key cognitive function in which the prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role. This study aimed to show the firing patterns of a neuronal population in the prefrontal cortex of the rat in a working memory task and to explore how a neuronal ensemble encodes a working memory event.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in a Y-maze until they reached an 80% correct rate in a working memory task. Then a 16-channel microelectrode array was implanted in the prefrontal cortex. After recovery, neuronal population activity was recorded during the task, using the Cerebus data-acquisition system. Spatio-temporal trains of action potentials were obtained from the original neuronal population signals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the Y-maze working memory task, some neurons showed significantly increased firing rates and evident neuronal ensemble activity. Moreover, the anticipatory activity was associated with the delayed alternate choice of the upcoming movement. In correct trials, the averaged pre-event firing rate (10.86 ± 1.82 spikes/bin) was higher than the post-event rate (8.17 ± 1.15 spikes/bin) (P<0.05). However, in incorrect trials, the rates did not differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the anticipatory activity of a neuronal ensemble in the prefrontal cortex may play a role in encoding working memory events.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Tiaotiao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Shuangyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008839:Microelectrodes; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley