title: Measuring tumor cycling hypoxia and angiogenesis using a side-firing fiber optic probe.
abstract: Hypoxia and angiogenesis can significantly influence the efficacy of cancer therapy and the behavior of surviving tumor cells. There is a growing demand for technologies to measure tumor hypoxia and angiogenesis temporally in vivo to enable advances in drug development and optimization. This paper reports the use of frequency-domain photon migration with a side-firing probe to quantify tumor oxygenation and hemoglobin concentrations in nude rats bearing human head/neck tumors administered with carbogen gas, cycling hypoxic gas or just room air. Significant increase (with carbogen gas breathing) or decrease (with hypoxic gas breathing) in tumor oxygenation was observed. The trend in tumor oxygenation during forced cycling hypoxia (CH) followed that of the blood oxygenation measured with a pulse oximeter. Natural CH was also observed in rats under room air. The studies demonstrated the potential of the technology for longitudinal monitoring of tumor CH during tumor growth or in response to therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0302; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708. byu@uakron.edu.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Bingqing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Narasimhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajaram
authors.forename: Quanli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nirmala
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramanujam
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dewhirst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014159:Transducers
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen