title: Strategies of pain reduction during the bone marrow biopsy.
abstract: Examination of the bone marrow biopsy and aspirate allows diagnosis and assessment of various conditions such as primary hematologic and metastatic neoplasms, as well as nonmalignant disorders. Despite being performed for many years, according to many different protocols, the procedure still remains painful for the majority of patients. This paper summarizes the current knowledge of pain reduction measures in the bone marrow biopsy and aspiration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Oncology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. hjortholmnikolaj@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nikolaj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hjortholm
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jaddini
authors.forename: Kazimierz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hałaburda
authors.forename: Emilian
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Snarski
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D001856:Bone Marrow Examination / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009339:Needles; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009609:Nitrous Oxide