title: Extract of Kuding tea prevents high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in C57BL/6 mice via liver X receptor (LXR) β antagonism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng (kuding tea), a traditional beverage in China, on the metabolic disorders in C57BL/6 mice induced by high-fat diets.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the preventive experiment, the female C57BL/6 mice were fed with a standard diet (Chow), high-fat diet (HF), and high-fat diet mixed with 0.05% ethanol extract of kuding tea (EK) for 5 weeks. For the therapeutic experiment, the C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diet for 3 months, and then mice were split and EK was given with oral gavages for 2 weeks at 50 mg/day/kg. Body weight and daily food intake amounts were measured. At the end of treatment, the adipocyte images were assayed with a scanning electron microscope, and the fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test, serum lipid profile and lipids in the livers were analyzed. A reporter gene assay system was used to test the whether EK could act on nuclear receptor transcription factors, and the gene expression analysis was performed with a quantitative PCR assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the preventive treatment, EK blocked the body weight gain, reduced the size of the adipocytes, lowered serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. In the therapeutic treatment, EK reduced the size of the white adipocytes, serum TG and fasting blood glucose levels in obese mice. With the reporter assay, EK inhibited LXRβ transactivity and mRNA expression of LXRβ target genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed that EK has both preventive and therapeutic roles in metabolic disorders in mice induced with high-fat diets. The effects appear to be mediated through the antagonism of LXRβ transactivity. Our data indicate that kuding tea is a useful dietary therapy and a potential source for the development of novel anti-obesity and lipid lowering drugs.
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shengjie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Qinhu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Guowen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Feisi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yin-Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhiqin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D000431:Ethanol; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008024:Ligands; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008024:Ligands; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; D000431:Ethanol