title: Defective pro-IL-1β responses in macrophages from aged mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokines regulated by the inflammasome pathway have been extensively implicated in various age-related immune pathologies. We set out to elucidate the contribution of the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway to the previously described deficiencies in IL-1β production by macrophages from aged mice. We examined the production of pro-IL-1β and its conversion into IL-1β as two separate steps and compared these cytokine responses in bone marrow derived macrophages from young (6-8 weeks) and aged (18-24 months) C57BL/6 mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to macrophages from young mice, macrophages from aged mice produced less pro-IL-1β after TLR4 stimulation with LPS. However upon activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with ATP, macrophages from young and aged mice were able to efficiently convert and secrete intracellular pro-cytokines as functional cytokines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower levels of IL-1β production are a result of slower and lower overall production of pro-IL-1β in macrophages from aged mice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, S6-862, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA. anuja.mathew@umassmed.edu.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rathinam
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Douglas T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Golenbock
authors.forename: Anuja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathew