title: Muscle force development after low-frequency magnetic burst stimulation in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnetic stimulation allows for painless and non-invasive extrinsic motor nerve stimulation. Despite several advantages, the limited coupling to the target reduces the application of magnetic pulses in rehabilitation. According to experience with electrical stimulation, magnetic bursts could remove this constraint.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel burst stimulator was used to apply single and burst pulses to the femoral nerve in 10 adult dogs. A figure-of-eight coil was connected, and pulses were applied at 7.5 HZ. Contractions of the quadriceps muscle were measured via an angle force transducer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Muscle forces were significantly higher upon burst stimulation than after single pulses. Four consecutive burst pulses proved most effective. Stimulation by more bursts resulted in fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Burst stimulation is superior to standard magnetic single pulses, and 4 consecutive burst pulses proved most effective.
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany. emrich@patho.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Emrich
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Altenhöfer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weyh
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Helling
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brielmeier
authors.forename: Kaspar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matiasek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods