title: Surgical fixation vs nonoperative management of flail chest: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flail chest is a life-threatening injury typically treated with supportive ventilation and analgesia. Several small studies have suggested large improvements in critical care outcomes after surgical fixation of multiple rib fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of surgical fixation and nonoperative management for flail chest injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of previously published comparative studies using operative and nonoperative management of flail chest was performed. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane databases were searched for relevant studies with no language or date restrictions. Quantitative pooling was performed using a random effects model for relevant critical care outcomes. Sensitivity analysis was performed for all outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven manuscripts with 753 patients met inclusion criteria. Only 2 studies were randomized controlled designs. Surgical fixation resulted in better outcomes for all pooled analyses including substantial decreases in ventilator days (mean 8 days, 95% CI 5 to 10 days) and the odds of developing pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] 0.2, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.32). Additional benefits included decreased ICU days (mean 5 days, 95% CI 2 to 8 days), mortality (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.48), septicemia (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.71), tracheostomy (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.20), and chest deformity (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.60). All results were stable to basic sensitivity analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this meta-analysis suggest surgical fixation of flail chest injuries may have substantial critical care benefits; however, the analyses are based on the pooling of primarily small retrospective studies. Additional prospective randomized trials are still necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. gsloboge@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gerard P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Slobogean
authors.forename: Cailan Alexander
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: MacPherson
authors.forename: Terri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Marie-Eve
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: S Morad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hameed
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D005409:Flail Chest / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans