title: The 11S globulin Sin a 2 from yellow mustard seeds shows IgE cross-reactivity with homologous counterparts from tree nuts and peanut.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 11S globulin Sin a 2 is a marker to predict severity of symptoms in mustard allergic patients. The potential implication of Sin a 2 in cross-reactivity with tree nuts and peanut has not been investigated so far. In this work, we studied at the IgG and IgE level the involvement of the 11S globulin Sin a 2 in cross-reactivity among mustard, tree nuts and peanut.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven well-characterized mustard-allergic patients sensitized to Sin a 2 were included in the study. A specific anti-Sin a 2 serum was obtained in rabbit. Skin prick tests (SPT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting and IgG or IgE-inhibition immunoblotting experiments using purified Sin a 2, Sin a 1, Sin a 3, mustard, almond, hazelnut, pistachio, walnut or peanut extracts were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rabbit anti-Sin a 2 serum showed high affinity and specificity to Sin a 2, which allowed us to demonstrate that Sin a 2 shares IgG epitopes with allergenic 11S globulins from tree nuts (almond, hazelnut, pistachio and walnut) but not from peanut. All the patients included in the study had positive skin prick test to tree nuts and/or peanut and we subdivided them into two different groups according to their clinical symptoms after ingestion of such allergenic sources. We showed that 11S globulins contain conserved IgE epitopes involved in cross-reactivity among mustard, tree nuts and peanut as well as species-specific IgE epitopes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The allergenic 11S globulin Sin a 2 from mustard is involved in cross-reactivity at the IgE level with tree nuts and peanut. Although the clinical relevance of the cross-reactive IgE epitopes present in 11S globulins needs to be investigated in further detail, our results contribute to improve the diagnosis and management of mustard allergic patients sensitized to Sin a 2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain. oscar.palomares@quim.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Sofía
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sirvent
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akotenou
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cuesta-Herranz
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vereda
authors.forename: Rosalía
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Mayte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villalba
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Palomares