title: Effects of sugarless chewing gum as a stimulant on progesterone, cortisol, and testosterone concentrations assessed in saliva.
abstract: Sugarless chewing gum is a frequently used stimulant to collect saliva samples for hormone analyses. This study tested the effect of sugarless chewing gum on cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone concentrations measured in saliva samples collected from 8 individuals at different times of the day (morning, evening) and under different collection conditions (gum, no gum) as well as in a saliva pool and water, either untreated or treated with chewing gum. Sugarless chewing gum raised all progesterone concentrations by 20 to 40pg/mL, corresponding to a twofold increase, relative to no-gum controls and attenuated salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations. It is recommended that the use of sugarless chewing gum as a stimulant should be avoided with saliva samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Nägelsbachstrasse 49b, Erlangen, Germany. oliver.schultheiss@psy.phil.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Oliver C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Schultheiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D011374:Progesterone / Q000032:analysis*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012472:Salivation / Q000502:physiology; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone