title: Does the ultrasonic cleaning medium affect the adhesion of resin cement to feldspathic ceramic?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of different cleaning media on the adhesion of resin cement to feldspathic ceramic after etching.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cementation surfaces of ceramic blocks (N = 20, n = 5 per group) were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF) gel for 20 s and rinsed for 60 s. They were then randomly assigned to 4 groups: G1: air-water spray+drying (control); G2: ultrasonic cleaning in distilled water for 4 min+drying; G3: ultrasonic cleaning in 99.5% acetone for 4 min+drying; G4: ultrasonic cleaning in 70% alcohol for 4 min+drying. The ceramic blocks were silanized and cemented (RelyX ARC) to the composite blocks. Subsequently, the microtensile bond strength test (µTBS) was performed. In addition, EDS analysis was made to assess the elemental composition of the conditioned and cleaned ceramic surfaces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly higher mean µTBS was obtained when specimens had been ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water (G2: 18.8 ± 0.4 MPa) (p < 0.05) compared to other groups (G1: 16.6 ± 0.5; G3: 16.1 ± 0.9; G4: 15.8 ± 1.4) (one-way ANOVA). EDS analysis indicated the presence of F- only in G1. Dissolved precipitates after HF etching were removed by ultrasonic cleaning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cleaning the HF-etched ceramic surface ultrasonically in distilled water is recommended, instead of rinsing it with air-water spray only.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Fabíola Pessoa
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: José Renato
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.forename: Aleska Dias
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Vanderlei
authors.forename: Helcio Nagib
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Reskalla
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozcan
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000268:Adhesiveness; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003902:Detergents; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D019279:Resin Cements; D014867:Water; D003776:Dental Porcelain