title: Ketamine, propofol, and ketofol use for pediatric sedation.
abstract: The use of a combination of ketamine and propofol (ketofol) for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department setting shows promise as an agent that may minimize adverse effects of ketamine or propofol as single agents. This article provides a summary of current literature regarding ketofol. It also reviews the comparative pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and dosing of ketamine, propofol, and ketofol as agents for procedural sedation and analgesia.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alletag
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Auerbach
authors.forename: Carl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Baum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000647:Amnesia / Q000139:chemically induced; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D000075202:Contraindications; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000209:etiology; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D000932:Antiemetics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D015742:Propofol