title: Sulfate metabolites of 4-monochlorobiphenyl in whole poplar plants.
abstract: 4-Monochlorobiphenyl (PCB3) has been proven to be transformed into hydroxylated metabolites of PCB3 (OH-PCB3s) in whole poplar plants in our previous work. However, hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs, including OH-PCB3s, as the substrates of sulfotransferases have not been studied in many organisms including plants in vivo. Poplar (Populus deltoides × nigra, DN34) was used to investigate the further metabolism from OH-PCB3s to PCB3 sulfates because it is a model plant and one that is frequently utilized in phytoremediation. Results showed poplar plants could metabolize PCB3 into PCB3 sulfates during 25 day exposures. Three sulfate metabolites, including 2'-PCB3 sulfate, 3'-PCB3 sulfate, and 4'-PCB3 sulfate, were identified in poplar roots and their concentrations increased in the roots from day 10 to day 25. The major products were 2'-PCB3 sulfate and 4'-PCB3 sulfate. However, the concentrations of PCB3 sulfates were much lower than those of OH-PCB3s in the roots, suggesting the sequential transformation of these hydroxylated PCB3 metabolites into PCB3 sulfates in whole poplars. In addition, 2'-PCB3 sulfate or 4'-PCB3 sulfate was also found in the bottom wood samples indicating some translocation or metabolism in woody tissue. Results suggested that OH-PCB3s were the substrates of sulfotransferases which catalyzed the formation of PCB3 sulfates in the metabolic pathway of PCB3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States. zhai-guangshu@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Guangshu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lehmler
authors.forename: Jerald L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Schnoor
mesh_terms: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018527:Hydroponics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D032107:Populus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006983:4-chlorobiphenyl