title: Ecology of cryptic invasions: latitudinal segregation among Watersipora (Bryozoa) species.
abstract: Watersipora is an invasive genus of bryozoans, easily dispersed by fouled vessels. We examined Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I haplotypes from introduced populations on the US Pacific coastline to investigate geographic segregation of species and/or haplotypes. In California, the W. subtorquata group fell into three major sub-groups: W. subtorquata clades A and B, and W. "new sp.". W. subtorquata clades A and B were common in southern California south of Point Conception, a recognized biogeographic boundary, whereas further north, W. subtorquata clade A and W. n. sp. were frequent. The southern California region also had colonies of a morphologically distinct species, W. arcuata, also found in southern Australia and Hawaii; COI variation indicates a common ancestral source(s) in these introductions. The distribution of Watersipora-complex lineages on different coastlines is shown to be temperature correlated. Accordingly, pre-exisitng temperature-based adaptations may play a key role in determining invasion patterns.
authors.affiliation: Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road , Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA. joshuamackie@gmail.com
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mackie
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Darling
authors.forename: Jonathan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Geller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002013:Bryozoa / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D002140:California; D004463:Ecology; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics*; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV