title: Effect of Anacyclus pyrethrum on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling, spatial memory, oxidative stress and rho-kinase II expression in mice.
abstract: Anacyclus pyrethrum (A. pyrethrum) has been reported to exhibit anticonvulsant activity. In the present study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of A. pyrethrum root (HEAP) on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling, spatial memory, oxidative stress and rho kinase (ROCK II) was assessed. Male albino mice (25-30 g) were used in the study. PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p. on alternate days) was injected to induce kindling and PTZ (70 mg/kg, i.p) challenge was given 7 days post-kindling. HEAP was administered orally daily in the doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg along with PTZ injections during the kindling process and continued till PTZ challenge post kindling. Spatial memory was assessed using Morris water maze test. Oxidative stress parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH)] and ROCK II expression were estimated in whole brain at the end of the study. Pre-treatment with HEAP (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed significant increase in the myoclonic jerk latency and delay in the development of kindling. A significant decrease in mortality was observed at higher doses of HEAP (250 and 500 mg/kg). Pre-treatment with HEAP significantly increased the number of platform crossings and decreased the escape latency, as opposed to the PTZ group, thus showing protection against memory deficit. HEAP pre-treatment also attenuated the oxidative stress induced by PTZ kindling. PTZ induced kindling increased the ROCK II expression whereas, HEAP pre-treatment attenuated the increase in ROCK II expression. To conclude, HEAP pre-treatment showed antiepileptic effect and also showed protection against cognitive impairment by decreasing oxidative stress and ROCK II expression in PTZ kindled mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pahuja
authors.forename: Jogender
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehla
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Reeta
authors.forename: Manjari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Yogendra Kumar
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000517:prevention & control; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D005978:Glutathione; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole