title: The effect of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro.
abstract: The use of glyphosate modifies the environment which stresses the living microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the real impact of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. The presented results evidence that the highly pathogenic bacteria as Salmonella Entritidis, Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Typhimurium, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum are highly resistant to glyphosate. However, most of beneficial bacteria as Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus badius, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus spp. were found to be moderate to highly susceptible. Also Campylobacter spp. were found to be susceptible to glyphosate. A reduction of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract microbiota by ingestion of glyphosate could disturb the normal gut bacterial community. Also, the toxicity of glyphosate to the most prevalent Enterococcus spp. could be a significant predisposing factor that is associated with the increase in C. botulinum-mediated diseases by suppressing the antagonistic effect of these bacteria on clostridia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. shehata@vetmed.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Awad A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shehata
authors.forename: Wieland
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schrödl
authors.forename: Alaa A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aldin
authors.forename: Hafez M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krüger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011200:Poultry; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005998:Glycine; D000097797:Glyphosate