title: Role of interleukin-32 in chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  IL-32 is a recently described proinflammatory cytokine and has been reported to be involved in inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of IL-32 in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two groups have recently reported data regarding the expression of IL-32 in CRS. IL-32 was induced by IFN-γ, TNF-α, dsRNA, and incubation with Th1 cells in primary nasal epithelial cells. IL-32 may be elevated in epithelial cells from patients with CRS without nasal polyps. IL-32 was significantly elevated in whole sinonasal tissue samples of nasal polyps compared with control tissue. IL-32 mRNA expression positively correlated with mRNA for CD3 and macrophage mannose receptor in nasal polyp tissue. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated localization of IL-32 in epithelium, CD3(+) and CD68(+) cells, suggesting that epithelial cells, T cells, and macrophages are the major IL-32-producing cells in CRS. Activation of these cell types may trigger IL-32-related inflammation in CRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated levels of IL-32 may play a role in the pathogenesis of CRS through its role as a proinflammatory cytokine and as an endogenous enhancer of pathogen-dependent cytokine production.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Anjeni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keswani
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Schleimer
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000209:etiology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins