title: The prevalence of acetabular anomalies associated with pistol-grip-deformity in osteoarthritic hips.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acetabular retroversion, excessive acetabular coverage and abnormal head-neck-junction with a so-called "pistol-grip-deformity" were added to the classical description of hip dysplasia to describe pathological hip morphology. The aim of the current study was the detection of pathological acetabular geometry in patients with an abnormal head-neck-junction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Femoroacetabular impingement and hip dysplasia features are frequent in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis before 60 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed our data bank retrospectively for all patients who received a Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) due to end-stage osteoarthritis before the age of 60 years. The pelvic-views and the Dunn-view of these patients were screened for an abnormal head-neck-junction by measuring the head-ratio and the alpha-angle. An orthopaedic surgeon and a radiologist did this independently. These radiographies were measured for signs of acetabular dysplasia, excessive acetabular coverage and crossing sign.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A consecutive series of 135 total hip arthroplasties were performed in patients aged less or equal to 60 years because of end-stage osteoarthritis. From these, 81 patients were classified as having an abnormal head-neck-junction. The mean head-ratio in these 81 patients was 1.52±0.35, the mean alpha-angle was 62.5°±9.3°. The mean CE-angle of these 81 patients was 35.8°±10.4°, the mean CA-angle was 36.7°±5.7°, the mean depth-width ratio was 49.1±10, the mean extrusion index was 19.1±9.2 and the mean CCD-angle was 131.7°±7.3°. Of these 81hips, 14 had isolated pistol-grip-deformity, while 11 hips had associated dysplasia, 38 had excessive acetabular coverage, and 14 had crossing sign. In addition, a crossing sign was identified in four of the 11 dysplastic hips and 19 of the 38 of the hips having excessive acetabular coverage. There was no statistically significant difference in regard to the age between the four groups (P=0.087). In contrast, the hips that had excessive acetabular coverage had increased CE-angle (44.6°±7.2°) and decreased extrusion index (12.6±6.5) (P<0.001), while dysplastic hips had increased roof obliquity (17.5°±4.5°) and increased extrusion index (29.6±9.1), as well as decreased CE-angle (20.7°±3.0°) (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high coincidence of radiographic findings associated with an abnormal head-neck-junction consisting in excessive acetabular coverage and retroversion as well as hip dysplasia. These results advocate for restoring of the normal anatomy at the early stage to prevent end-stage osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV retrospective historical study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic surgery, University hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Street 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Ingmar.Ipach@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ipach
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mittag
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Syha
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kluba
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000150:complications*; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies