title: Dietary acrylamide intake of adults in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition differs greatly according to geographical region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methodological differences in assessing dietary acrylamide (AA) often hamper comparisons of intake across populations. Our aim was to describe the mean dietary AA intake in 27 centers of 10 European countries according to selected lifestyle characteristics and its contributing food sources in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional analysis, 36 994 men and women, aged 35-74 years completed a single, standardized 24-hour dietary recall using EPIC-Soft. Food consumption data were matched to a harmonized AA database. Intake was computed by gender and center, and across categories of habitual alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, education, and body mass index (BMI). Adjustment was made for participants' age, height, weight, and energy intake using linear regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted mean AA intake across centers ranged from 13 to 47 μg/day in men and from 12 to 39 μg/day in women; intakes were higher in northern European centers. In most centers, intake in women was significantly higher among alcohol drinkers compared with abstainers. There were no associations between AA intake and physical activity, BMI, or education. At least 50 % of AA intake across centers came from two food groups "bread, crisp bread, rusks" and "coffee." The third main contributing food group was "potatoes".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary AA intake differs greatly among European adults residing in different geographical regions. This observed heterogeneity in AA intake deserves consideration in the design and interpretation of population-based studies of dietary AA intake and health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France. freislingh@iarc.fr
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authors.lastname: Freisling
authors.forename: Aurelie
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authors.lastname: Moskal
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authors.forename: Geneviève
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authors.forename: Francesca L
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authors.forename: Eleni
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authors.lastname: Oikonomou
authors.forename: Androniki
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authors.lastname: Naska
authors.forename: Antonia
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authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Domenico
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authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Claudia
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authors.lastname: Agnoli
authors.forename: Rosario
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authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Silvia
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authors.lastname: Polidoro
authors.forename: Amalia
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authors.forename: H Bas
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authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Marga C
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authors.lastname: Ocké
authors.forename: Petra H M
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authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Elisabet
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authors.lastname: Wirfält
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authors.forename: Ingegerd
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authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Anette
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authors.lastname: Hjartåker
authors.forename: Dagrun
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authors.lastname: Engeset
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mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D009498:Neurotoxins; D020106:Acrylamide