title: The relationship between preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension and maternal risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has long been recognized that some human breast cancers are hormone dependent. Preeclampsia is a syndrome of pregnancy defined by the onset of hypertension and proteinuria and characterized by dysfunction of the maternal endothelium. Many hormonal changes occur with preeclampsia, and we hypothesize that these changes may influence the risk of maternal breast cancer. We also analyzed the relation between pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and maternal risk of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 13 relevant publications about preeclampsia and six relevant publications about PIH, some studies find preeclampsia associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, but others did not. Therefore, these results are inconclusive. We conducted meta-analysis to evaluate more precisely the relationship between preeclampsia, PIH and maternal risk of breast cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pooled estimate of the hazard ratio (HR) associated with preeclampsia was 0.86 (95% CI 0.73-1.01), and that associated with PIH was 0.83 (0.66-1.06), both based on the random effects model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some suggestive but not entirely consistent nor conclusive evidence was found on the association between the history of preeclampsia or PIH with the subsequent risk of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ok Hee
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Kyong Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Dae Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ae-Ree
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Bok
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeul Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors