title: Evaluation of spent coffee obtained from the most common coffeemakers as a source of hydrophilic bioactive compounds.
abstract: The main hydrophilic antioxidant compounds (3-, 4-, and 5-monocaffeoylquinic and 3,4-, 3,5-, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids, caffeine, and browned compounds, including melanoidins) and the antioxidant capacity (Folin-Ciocalteu, ABTS, DPPH, Fremy's salt, and TEMPO) were evaluated in Arabica and Robusta spent coffee obtained from the preparation of coffee brews with the most common coffeemakers (filter, espresso, plunger, and mocha). All spent coffee grounds, with the exception of those from the mocha coffeemaker, had relevant amounts of total caffeoylquinic acids (6.22-13.24 mg/g of spent coffee), mainly dicaffeoylquinic acids (3.31-5.79 mg/g of spent coffee), which were 4-7-fold higher than in their respective coffee brews. Caffeine ranged from 3.59 to 8.09 mg/g of spent coffee. The antioxidant capacities of the aqueous spent coffee extracts were 46.0-102.3% (filter), 59.2-85.6% (espresso), and <42% (plunger) in comparison to their respective coffee brews. This study obtained spent coffee extracts with antioxidant properties that can be used as a good source of hydrophilic bioactive compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra , E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jimena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Juániz
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monente
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caemmerer
authors.forename: Lothar W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kroh
authors.forename: M Paz
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: De Peña
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cid
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000032:analysis; D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D011801:Quinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003069:Coffee; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014866:Waste Products; C472707:caffeoylquinic acid; D011801:Quinic Acid; D002110:Caffeine