title: Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: can knowledge and clinical practice be simply assessed in a large institution?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  User-friendly scores to assess knowledge of guidelines for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are scarce and have mainly evaluated nurses, but not students or physicians. Gaps between knowledge and actual clinical practice have not been sufficiently analyzed. We assessed knowledge of and adherence to guidelines for prevention of VAP among physicians, nurses, and students in adult ICUs.
  
  
  METHODS
  All adult ICU healthcare workers were invited to complete a 20-point questionnaire. The first part assessed personal knowledge of international guidelines for prevention of VAP; the second part assessed daily clinical practice. Personal knowledge and daily practice were scored from 0 to 10 points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We invited 257 ICU healthcare workers to participate in the study, and 167 (65%) accepted (32/54 physicians, 108/176 nurses, and 27/27 students). The median (IQR) personal knowledge scores for physicians, nurses, and students were 6 (5-7), 5 (4-6), and 5 (4-7), respectively. The median scores for daily clinical practice for physicians and nurses were 5 (4-6) and 4 (3-5), respectively. Healthcare workers with more than 1 year of ICU experience scored significantly better in personal knowledge than those with less experience: 6 (5-7) versus 4 (3-6), P = .004.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple, easy-to-complete questionnaire enabled us to rapidly evaluate personal knowledge and reported clinical practice in prevention of VAP in large teaching institutions. These scores will be used as baseline figures to assess the impact of educational and intervention campaigns.
authors.affiliation: Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) and Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Granda
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heras
authors.forename: Guiomar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rello
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009726:Nurses; D010820:Physicians; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical