title: Do ACE I/D gene polymorphism serve as a predictive marker for age at onset in PCOS?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder exhibiting variable age at onset of clinical features allied with complex diseases in the later life. ACE is a pleiotropic molecule associated with various pathophysiological functions. The present study was aimed to establish the frequency of ACE I/D gene polymorphism in patients and controls and to assess the influence of this polymorphism on anthropometric and various clinical features of the condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  ACE I/D genotyping was carried out in 259 PCOS patients and 315 healthy ultrasound scanned women of South Indian origin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of DD, ID and II genotypes in patients was 39, 37 and 24 %, whereas in the controls it was 31, 51 and 18 % respectively. Significant difference was observed in the genotypic frequency distributions between the patients and controls, however the allelic frequencies did not vary between the groups (p>0.05). Quartile analysis revealed preponderance of DD genotype in the first two quartiles and a linear increase of II genotype from first to the last quartiles. Further, Multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed significant association of ACE I/D gene polymorphism with acanthosis and age at onset (AAO) of the syndrome (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study is the first report to highlight the predisposing role of DD and protective role of ID genotype towards PCOS. Patients with single or double dose of D allele may develop PCOS symptoms at an early age and also significantly associated with acanthosis, a marker of insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India. mlndeepika@gmail.com
authors.forename: M L N
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Deepika
authors.forename: K Ranjith
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: V Usha
authors.initials: VU
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Balakrishna
authors.forename: K Prasanna
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Latha
authors.forename: Parveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jahan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A