title: Association between hysterectomy with ovarian preservation and cardiovascular disease in a Norwegian population-based sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some previous studies have reported that hysterectomy predicts increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, but the findings are disputed. We aimed to examine associations between hysterectomy and cardiovascular disease in a Norwegian cross-sectional health study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were obtained from the population-based cross-sectional Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (The HUNT-2 Study). Of 46,709 invited females, 35,280 (76%) participated; 939 (3%) reported hysterectomy without oophorectomy (exposed women). Each exposed woman was age-matched with four randomly chosen women (n = 3,756) without hysterectomy or oophorectomy. Oophorectomy and hysterectomy status was self-reported by the women. Hazard ratio for cardiovascular diseases was calculated by Cox regression analyses with hysterectomy as a time-dependent covariate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median time since hysterectomy was 14 years (range 0-56 years). We calculated a significantly larger cumulative probability of cardiovascular diseases after hysterectomy with a hazard ratio of 1.92, 95% CI (1.51-2.38) after adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, age, use of hormonal replacement therapy and positive family history of myocardial infarction).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women had a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular diseases after hysterectomy compared to age-matched controls. Studies with longitudinal design and confirmed medical outcome data are needed.
authors.affiliation: Section for Obstetrics, Rikshospitalet, Women and Children's Division, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. trond.melbye.michelsen @ rikshospitalet.no
authors.forename: Trond M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Michelsen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dørum
authors.forename: Milada
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cvancarova
authors.forename: Astrid H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Liavaag
authors.forename: Alv A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dahl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents