title: 3D-holoscopic imaging: a new dimension to enhance imaging in minimally invasive therapy in urologic oncology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Existing imaging modalities of urologic pathology are limited by three-dimensional (3D) representation on a two-dimensional screen. We present 3D-holoscopic imaging as a novel method of representing Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data images taken from CT and MRI to produce 3D-holographic representations of anatomy without special eyewear in natural light. 3D-holoscopic technology produces images that are true optical models. This technology is based on physical principles with duplication of light fields. The 3D content is captured in real time with the content viewed by multiple viewers independently of their position, without 3D eyewear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We display 3D-holoscopic anatomy relevant to minimally invasive urologic surgery without the need for 3D eyewear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results have demonstrated that medical 3D-holoscopic content can be displayed on commercially available multiview auto-stereoscopic display.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The next step is validation studies comparing 3D-Holoscopic imaging with conventional imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom. jonathan.makanjuola@nhs.net
authors.forename: Jonathan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Makanjuola
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aggoun
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swash
authors.forename: Philippe C R
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Grange
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Challacombe
authors.forename: Prokar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
mesh_terms: D006696:Holography; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery