title: Range of motion of the healthy pediatric elbow:  cross-sectional study of a large population.
abstract: To evaluate normative data on elbow range of motion (ROM) in the pediatric population. The passive ROM of 1361 healthy pediatric elbows was measured using a small goniometer calibrated in 1° increments, and recorded. The mean amount of flexion, extension, and arc of motion was 142°, -11°, and 153°, respectively. Our data indicated no meaningful correlation between patient sex, age, or weight and the amount of flexion, extension, or the total arc of motion. It appears that elbow ROM in this population is not affected by sex, age, or weight. Normative data are critical when setting the goals of a particular therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
authors.forename: Justin H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Barad
authors.forename: Rachel S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ebramzadeh
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors