title: Basic haemoglobinopathy diagnostics in Dutch laboratories; providing an informative test result.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After a first survey in 2001, the Dutch Association of Hematological Laboratory Research (VHL) advised its members to adopt a basic protocol for haemoglobinopathy carrier detection and to provide genetic information with all positive results to allow health-care professionals to inform carriers about potential genetic risks. This article reports on the compliance with these recommendations and their consequences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical chemists of all 106 Dutch laboratories were invited to answer a survey on patient population, diagnostic techniques used, (self-reported) knowledge, use and effect of the additional information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average increase in diagnostic output was over 60% and the recommended basic protocol was applied by 65% of the laboratories. Over 84% of the laboratories reported to be aware of the additional recommendations and 77% to be using them. Most laboratories with limited diagnostic requests were still sending their cases to other laboratories and included the genetic information received from these laboratories in their diagnostic reports. The effect of information on subsequent 'family analysis' was estimated to be between 26 and 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows an increase in diagnostic potential for haemoglobinopathy over the last decade, especially in the larger cities. Low 'family testing' rates were mostly found in areas with lower carrier prevalence or associated with local reluctance to pass the information to carriers. In spite of a dramatic improvement, too many carriers are still not informed because of lack of awareness among health-care providers and more education is needed.
authors.affiliation: Hemoglobinopathies Laboratory, LDGA, Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. j.o.kaufmann@lumc.nl
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huisman
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Idema
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Giordano
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000941:ethics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006405:Hematology / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006453:Hemoglobinopathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D008297:Male; D017056:Medical Laboratory Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires