title: Genetic profiling in acute myeloid leukaemia--where are we and what is its role in patient management.
abstract: Genetic profiling in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a moving target. Only 4 years ago, AML was re-classified, based on karyotypic abnormalities. However, numerous important new mutations and other genetic abnormalities that were not considered in this classification have been identified. Current cytogenetic-based classification is limited by the substantial number of intermediate-risk patients in whom the preferred therapy is debatable. In addition, the majority of AML patients co-express multiple mutations and cannot be easily categorized into predefined homogenous groups. The tremendous progress in mass sequencing allows parallel identification of multiple genetic aberrations in large cohorts. Thus, a new concept of genetic profiling has arisen. Genes and proteins biologically interact with each other; therefore, it should not be surprising that mutations in different genes interact. Prognosis is determined by the composition of mutations and aberrations in leukaemic stem cells. As a consequence, clinical decisions no longer rely on scant genetic data and require comprehensive genetic evaluation. Some non-genetic parameters are also important and should be incorporated into the clinical decision algorithm. Genetic interaction-based profiles are challenging and recent studies demonstrate an improvement in prognostic predictions with this model. Thus, genetic profiling is likely to have a major therapeutic impact, at least for intermediate-risk cytogenetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Yishai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ofran
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rowe
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs