title: Is there room for non-dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson disease?
abstract: Although levodopa and dopaminergic drugs remain the mainstay of therapy for the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD), they fail to address many of the non-motor symptoms of PD including orthostatic hypotension, freezing of gait (FOG) and difficulty with balance, drug-induced paranoia and hallucinations, and drug-induced dyskinesias. Droxidopa, a drug that increases norepinephrine, treats orthostatic hypotension, cholinomimetic drugs sometimes help with FOG and difficulty with balance, pimavanserin, a drug that blocks serotonin receptors, treats paranoia and hallucinations, and anti-glutaminergic drugs treat dyskinesias. Thus, there are ample opportunities for non-dopaminergic drugs in PD.
authors.affiliation: Muhammad Ali Parkinson Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA. abedoc@gmail.com
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: Narayanan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthi
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015103:Droxidopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D014508:Urea; D015103:Droxidopa; C510793:pimavanserin