title: Overexpression of lysine specific demethylase 1 predicts worse prognosis in primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic value of lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined LSD1 expression in 60 paired liver cancer tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. In addition, we analyzed LSD1 expression in 198 HCC samples by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between LSD1 expression, clinicopathological features and patient survival was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR consistently confirmed LSD1 overexpression in HCC tissues compared to adjacent non-neoplastic tissues (P < 0.01). Additionally, immunostaining showed more LSD1-positive cells in the higher tumor stage (T3-4) and tumor grade (G3) than in the lower tumor stage (T1-2, P < 0.001) and tumor grade (G1-2, P < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, HCC patients with high LSD1 expression had significantly lower 5-year overall survival rates (P < 0.001) and lower 5-year disease-free survival rates (P < 0.001), respectively. A Cox proportional hazards model further demonstrated that LSD1 over-expression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis for both 5-year disease-free survival [hazards ratio (HR) = 1.426, 95%CI: 0.672-2.146, P < 0.001] and 5-year overall survival (HR = 2.456, 95%CI: 1.234-3.932, P < 0.001) in HCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest for the first time that the overexpression of LSD1 protein in HCC tissues indicates tumor progression and predicts poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Ze-Kun
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dao-Rong
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Guang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ying-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D056466:Histone Demethylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D056466:Histone Demethylases; C495195:KDM1A protein, human