title: RB116: an RB1+ retinoblastoma cell line expressing primitive markers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retinoblastoma (RB), an intraocular tumor of childhood, is commonly associated with mutations in the RB1 gene. RB116 is a novel, early passage RB cell line that has not been previously characterized. In this study, we examined RB116 for the expression of RB1 and tested the hypothesis that RB116 cells would express stem cell markers as well as retinal progenitor cell markers. We compared RB116 cells with other well known RB cell lines, including Y79 and WERI-RB27.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated expression of RB1 in RB116 cells by sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western immunoblot, and immunocytochemistry. Next, RB116 cells, along with Y79 and WERI-RB27 cells, were examined for expression of stem cell markers (ABCG2, Nanog, Oct3/4, ALDH1A1) and retinal progenitor markers (PAX6, CHX10) by quantitative immunocytochemistry. Immunocytochemical findings were accompanied by PCR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RB116 cells expressed RB1 at the mRNA and protein levels, with no mutations detected by either sequencing analysis, or gene dosage abnormalities detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The RB1 protein was immunoreactive in RB116 cells with an atypical perinuclear localization. RB116 cells also expressed stem cell markers, with 3%-5% of cells immunopositive for ABCG2, Oct3/4 and ALDH1A1, with at least 18% of cells immunoreactive to Nanog. These findings were confirmed by RT-PCR. Small percentages of RB116 cells also exhibited immunoreactivity to retinal progenitor markers PAX6 (9.8%) and CHX10 (1.2%). Expression of mRNAs for these markers was confirmed by qRT-PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RB116 cells demonstrate RB1 expression accompanied by atypical perinuclear localization. RB116 cells also express primitive stem cell and retinal progenitor cell markers. Further studies on the phenotypes of both RB1-positive and RB1-negative human RB cells may be important in assessing differentiation potential of these cells, as well as designing targeted differentiation therapies.
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bejjani
authors.forename: Mee Rim
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Ksander
authors.forename: Gail M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Seigel
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018703:Founder Effect; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein