title: Spectrum of intra-ocular foreign bodies and the outcome of their management in Brunei Darussalam.
abstract: To review the etiologies, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) occurring in the population of Brunei Darussalam, and provide guidelines to prevent and manage such injuries. A retrospective review was performed for all cases of traumatic IOFBs managed in our centre during a 3-year period between May 2008 and April 2011. The mechanism of injury, management, complications and visual outcomes were analyzed. Majority of the patients were males (93 %) and the mean age was 36 years. The main causes of trauma were metal hammering and grass cutting (43 % each). Other causes include road traffic accidents and firecracker explosion (7 % each). The visual outcome was ≥6/18 in 50 % and 'No perception of light' in 29 %. Causes of poor visual outcome were retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (21 %), endophthalmitis (21 %) and globe maceration (7 %). Prognostic factors associated with significantly worse final visual outcome included posterior location of the IOFB (p = 0.05) and larger IOFB size (p < 0.001). The time from injury to surgery did not correlate with a worse visual prognosis. In Brunei Darussalam, the commonest causes of IOFBs are hammering metal and cutting grass using power tools. The visual outcome varies between 6/6 and NPL. Poor visual outcome is related to the severity of the initial ocular injury, posterior segment IOFB and endophthalmitis.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, BA1710, Brunei Darussalam. drgeorge66@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Nadir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Noor Affizan
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Nayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002010:Brunei; D005129:Eye Foreign Bodies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult