title: Intermediate/borderline disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis.
abstract: Leishmaniasis is a diverse group of vector-borne diseases caused by a subset of predominantly intracellular protozoal species of the genus Leishmania. Cutaneous disease may be subdivided into localized, intermediate, and diffuse forms. Intermediate cutaneous leishmaniasis is distributed widely in Latin America and is characterized by cutaneous lesions, which may be accompanied by mucosal disease and demonstrate a tendency toward chronicity and relapse as well as resistance to standard treatment regimens. Leishmania parasites of the subgenus Viannia have been identified as the major etiologic agent of this subset of infections. The present review provides a brief perspective on leishmaniasis followed by a review of classification, transmission, clinical presentation, and evolution of disease, immunology, and current treatment approaches for the intermediate/borderline disseminated subset of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center and Miraca Life Sciences, Boston, MA, USA. albertopaniz@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alberto E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Paniz Mondolfi
authors.forename: Gabrielle Baker
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Duffey
authors.forename: Lucy E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Mariantonieta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tirado
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reyes Jaimes
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez-Alvarez
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zerpa
mesh_terms: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007891:Leishmania; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008536:Meglumine; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate