title: Evaluation of the drawer test and the tibial compression test for differentiating between cranial and caudal stifle subluxation associated with cruciate ligament instability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the drawer test (DT) alone and in combination with the tibial compression test (TCT) to detect stifle subluxation after transection of the cranial cruciate (CrCL), caudal cruciate (CdCL) or both cruciate ligaments (total cruciate ligament or TCL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadaveric, skeletally mature canine pelvic limb pairs (n = 8).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pelvic limbs disarticulated at the coxofemoral joint were randomly assigned to the following 1 of 4 groups: (1) limbs had complete transection of the CrCL; (2) limbs had complete transection of the CdCL; (3) limbs had complete transection of both ligaments; and (4) both ligaments were left intact. Participants performed the DT and the TCT and a diagnosis was given based on the DT and on the combination of these tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DT had a poor sensitivity for correctly identifying CrCL (69%), CdCL (45%), and TCL (26%) rupture, but had a high sensitivity when identifying intact limbs (97%). Specificity for DT was greatest when identifying limbs with CdCL (97%) and TCL (92%) rupture, and the lowest when palpating limbs with CrCL rupture (75%). Combining DT and TCT did not increase sensitivity or specificity values, nor did an increased level of evaluator training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Independent of evaluator training, the DT alone or combined with the TCT poorly differentiates the cause of stifle instability associated with CrCL, CdCL, and TCL rupture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7010, USA. kmight@vetmed.wsu.edu
authors.forename: Kelly R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Might
authors.forename: Andréas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bachelez
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D002102:Cadaver; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013264:Stifle / Q000293:injuries*