title: Adipocytokine levels in genetically high risk for type 2 diabetes in the Indian population: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In view of the noteworthy role of adipocytokines in the onset of insulin resistance and diabetes in gene-knockout-rat-model-cell-line studies we aimed to study the influence of genetic predisposition for diabetes on adipocytokine levels and their role in building insulin-resistance-like environment well before the onset of diabetes; thus a hypothesis can be drawn on their role in developing diabetes in high risk population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ages between 18 and 22 years were selected and divided into three groups. Group I (n = 81): control group with no family history of diabetes. Group II (n = 157): with one of their parents with history of type 2 diabetes. Group III (n = 47): with both parents having history of type 2 diabetes. In all the groups we estimated fasting plasma glucose, insulin and adipocytokines like adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all adipocytokines we observed significantly lower levels of adiponectin (8.7 ± 1 μg/mL in group III and 9.5 ± 1.3 μg/mL group II) when compared to control (11.0 ± 1.2 μg/mL; P < 0.01) and it has strong correlation with family history of diabetes with Pearson's coefficient of -0.502. Linear regression analysis showed significant negative association with HOMA-IR (P < 0.01) and logistic regression analysis showed highest association with parental diabetes (P < 0.01; OR .260, 95% CI .260-.468).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic predisposition for diabetes may influence adiponectin gene expression leading to decrease in its plasma concentration, which might play a key role in developing diabetes in near future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, L.N. Medical College, Kolar Road, Bema Kunj, Bhopal 462042, India. kscbreddy@gmail.com
authors.forename: K Subhash Chandra
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.forename: Shachin K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Prerna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vyas
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha