title: Enhanced tissue differentiation in the developing mouse brain using magnetic resonance micro-histology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Worldwide efforts to understand developmental processes demand new high-resolution 3D imaging methods to detect the consequences of gene function in embryo development and diseases. Encouragingly, recent studies have shown that MRI contrast agents can highlight specific tissue structures in ex vivo adult mouse brains. MR imaging of mouse embryos is currently limited by a lack of tissue staining capabilities that would provide the flexibility and specificity offered by histological stains conventionally used for mouse embryo phenotyping.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MRI staining properties of two readily available contrast agents, Mn-DPDP and Gd-DTPA, were investigated in mid-gestation mouse embryos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brain tissue substructures not normally visible using MRI were detected. Mn-DPDP and Gd-DTPA provided spatially distinct tissue staining patterns. An initial assessment indicated that these agents utilized independent contrast enhancement mechanisms. Mn-DPDP was identified as a potential MRI contrast agent for enhancement of mouse embryonic cellular density and enabled identification of regions containing populations of neural stem and progenitor cells within the intact embryo brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different contrast agents may be used to provide tissue-specific contrast enhancement, suggesting that a host of specialized MRI stains may be available for probing the developing mouse brain and investigating developmental and disease mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and UCL Institute of Child Health, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, UK; Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and EXperimental Biology (CoMPLEX), University College London, UK.
authors.forename: Francesca C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Betts-Henderson
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Jon O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.forename: Bernard M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Siow
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker-Samuel
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCue
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salomoni
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Scambler
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lythgoe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000196:embryology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate; D004492:Edetic Acid; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; C060076:N,N'-bis(pyridoxal-5-phosphate)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid