title: Efficacy of gradual pressure-decline compressing stockings in Asian patients with lower leg varicose veins: analysis by general measurements and magnetic resonance image.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most applications of gradual pressure-decline compressing stockings (GPDCS) are used in the United States and Western European countries, with over a decade of clinical experiments. Up to know, there is no standard establishment of gradual pressure-decline compressing stockings for Asian patients with venous insufficiency and varicose vein formations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data on volunteer candidates of varicose vein for general measurements and assessments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by non-contrast enhanced MRV techniques, and for post processing data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical use of GPCDS provide a mild to moderate improvement in the varicose vein conditions of patients with deep venous insufficiency by improving their deep vein circulation, by general measurements; recording major symptoms and complaint; comfort and stretching/flexibility to the candidates after using GPDCS; and area changes/flow velocity changes/available hemoglobin changes in deep veins monitored by MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The benefits and data collected in these results may help in developing compression stockings standards in Taiwanese and Asian countries, and to establishing criterias for product sizes, compression levels, and related parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan. hk8648@tmu.edu.tw
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D053828:Stockings, Compression / Q000009:adverse effects; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*