title: Adaptation, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale in Nigeria (PANES-N).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study adapted the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale (PANES) to the Nigerian context and assessed the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Nigerian version (PANESN).
  
  
  METHODS
  A multidisciplinary panel of experts adapted the original PANES to reflect the built and social environment of Nigeria. The adapted PANES was subjected to cognitive testing and test retest reliability in a diverse sample of Nigerian adults (N = 132) from different neighborhood types. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) was used to assess test-retest reliability, and construct validity was investigated with Analysis of Covariance for differences in environmental attributes between neighborhoods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of the 17 items on the original PANES were significantly modified, 3 were removed and 2 new items were incorporated into the final version of adapted PANES-N. Test-retest reliability was substantial to almost perfect (ICC = 0.62-1.00) for all items on the PANES-N, and residents of neighborhoods in the inner city reported higher residential density, land use mix and safety, but lower pedestrian facilities and aesthetics than did residents of government reserved area/new layout neighborhoods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PANES-N appears promising for assessing environmental perceptions related to physical activity in Nigeria, but further testing is required to assess its applicability across Africa.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adewale L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Oyeyemi
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sallis
authors.forename: Adetoyeje Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Oyeyemi
authors.forename: Mariam M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Bourdeaudhuij
authors.forename: Benedicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deforche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004777:Environment; D004779:Environment Design; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009549:Nigeria; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012449:Safety; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*