title: Brown adipose tissue regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
abstract: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is known to function in the dissipation of chemical energy in response to cold or excess feeding, and also has the capacity to modulate energy balance. To test the hypothesis that BAT is fundamental to the regulation of glucose homeostasis, we transplanted BAT from male donor mice into the visceral cavity of age- and sex-matched recipient mice. By 8-12 weeks following transplantation, recipient mice had improved glucose tolerance, increased insulin sensitivity, lower body weight, decreased fat mass, and a complete reversal of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Increasing the quantity of BAT transplanted into recipient mice further improved the metabolic effects of transplantation. BAT transplantation increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo into endogenous BAT, white adipose tissue (WAT), and heart muscle but, surprisingly, not skeletal muscle. The improved metabolic profile was lost when the BAT used for transplantation was obtained from Il6-knockout mice, demonstrating that BAT-derived IL-6 is required for the profound effects of BAT transplantation on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. These findings reveal a previously under-appreciated role for BAT in glucose metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Roeland J W
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Middelbeek
authors.forename: Kristy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Eva B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Nygaard
authors.forename: Kristen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hitchcox
authors.forename: Kathleen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Markan
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hirshman
authors.forename: Yu-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Laurie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Goodyear
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000637:transplantation; D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D005947:Glucose