title: Facile synthesis of radial-like macroporous superparamagnetic chitosan spheres with in-situ co-precipitation and gelation of ferro-gels.
abstract: Macroporous chitosan spheres encapsulating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile and effective one-step fabrication process. Ferro-gels containing ferrous cations, ferric cations and chitosan were dropped into a sodium hydroxide solution through a syringe pump. In addition, a sodium hydroxide solution was employed for both gelation (chitosan) and co-precipitation (ferrous cations and ferric cations) of the ferro-gels. The results showed that the in-situ co-precipitation of ferro-ions gave rise to a radial morphology with non-spheroid macro pores (large cavities) inside the chitosan spheres. The particle size of iron oxide can be adjusted from 2.5 nm to 5.4 nm by tuning the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution. Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectra, the synthesized nanoparticles were illustrated as Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. In addition, the prepared macroporous chitosan spheres presented a super-paramagnetic behaviour at room temperature with a saturation magnetization value as high as ca. 18 emu/g. The cytotoxicity was estimated using cell viability by incubating doses (0∼1000 µg/mL) of the macroporous chitosan spheres. The result showed good viability (above 80%) with alginate chitosan particles below 1000 µg/mL, indicating that macroporous chitosan spheres were potentially useful for biomedical applications in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. chyang@isu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Chih-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chih-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Keng-Shiang
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chen-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Andrew H-J
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005260:Female; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D005782:Gels; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D059346:Magnets; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008863:Microspheres; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide