title: Paternal deletion of the 11p15.5 centromeric-imprinting control region is associated with alteration of imprinted gene expression and recurrent severe intrauterine growth restriction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heterogeneous molecular defects affecting the 11p15.5 imprinted gene cluster are associated with the opposite growth disorders Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) and Silver Russell syndrome (SRS). Maternal deletions of the centromeric domain usually result in BWS, but paternal deletions have been so far associated with normal phenotype. Here we describe a case of recurrent severe Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) with paternal transmission of an 11p15.5 60 kb deletion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chromosome microarray (CMA), PCR and DNA sequencing analyses showed that two fetuses conceived by a normal couple inherited from their father a 60 kb deletion encompassing the Imprinting Control Region of the 11p15.5 centromeric domain. The two fetuses died in utero with severe growth restriction. PCR amplification of parental DNAs indicated that the father carried the mutation in the mosaic state. DNA methylation and gene expression analyses showed that the deletion led to an imprinting alteration restricted to the centromeric domain and resulting in silencing of KCNQ1OT1 and activation of CDKN1C and PHLDA2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that the phenotype associated with 11p15.5 deletions is strongly influenced by the size of the region involved and indicate imprinting defects leading to CDKN1C and PHLDA2 activation as cause of severe IUGR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Agostina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Crescenzo
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sparago
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cerrato
authors.forename: Orazio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carella
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miceli
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bronshtein
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.forename: Yuval
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yaron
mesh_terms: D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D050761:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000235:genetics; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000235:genetics*; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: C493964:CDKN1C protein, human; D050761:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57; C485621:KCNQ1OT1 long non-coding RNA, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; C109277:TSSC3 protein