title: Mitochondrial energy and redox signaling in plants.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  For a plant to grow and develop, energy and appropriate building blocks are a fundamental requirement. Mitochondrial respiration is a vital source for both. The delicate redox processes that make up respiration are affected by the plant's changing environment. Therefore, mitochondrial regulation is critically important to maintain cellular homeostasis. This involves sensing signals from changes in mitochondrial physiology, transducing this information, and mounting tailored responses, by either adjusting mitochondrial and cellular functions directly or reprogramming gene expression.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Retrograde (RTG) signaling, by which mitochondrial signals control nuclear gene expression, has been a field of very active research in recent years. Nevertheless, no mitochondrial RTG-signaling pathway is yet understood in plants. This review summarizes recent advances toward elucidating redox processes and other bioenergetic factors as a part of RTG signaling of plant mitochondria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Novel insights into mitochondrial physiology and redox-regulation provide a framework of upstream signaling. On the other end, downstream responses to modified mitochondrial function have become available, including transcriptomic data and mitochondrial phenotypes, revealing processes in the plant that are under mitochondrial control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drawing parallels to chloroplast signaling and mitochondrial signaling in animal systems allows to bridge gaps in the current understanding and to deduce promising directions for future research. It is proposed that targeted usage of new technical approaches, such as quantitative in vivo imaging, will provide novel leverage to the dissection of plant mitochondrial signaling.
authors.affiliation: INRES, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarzländer
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Finkemeier
mesh_terms: D004734:Energy Metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species