title: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 and 2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) is characterized by the formation of granulomas in the lungs and has been associated with infection by microorganisms. Triggering receptor expressed on the surface of myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is overexpressed in response to infection while TREM-2 is involved in granuloma formation. We hypothesized that these receptors are overexpressed in PS and might be useful for diagnostic testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell surface TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression in cells obtained at bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was measured in individuals with sarcoidosis (n = 26) and compared with that seen in individuals with other interstitial lung diseases (ILD) (n = 27).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression was significantly increased in sarcoidosis compared with other ILD: total number of TREM-1, P = 0.0039 (23.81 vs 13.50 cells/μl), TREM-2, P < 0.0001 (32.81 vs 7.76 cells/μl); percentage of TREM-1: P = 0.0002 (41.30% vs 15.70%), TREM-2: P < 0.0001 (34% vs 9.60%); and mean fluorescence of TREM-1: P = 0.0005 (5.43 vs 1.96), TREM-2: P = 0.0011 (6.85 vs 2.77). Increase in both of these receptors seems to be typical for PS. In discriminating sarcoidosis from other ILD, the specificity (96%) and sensitivity (72%) of the combination of TREM-1 and TREM-2 was high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased TREM-1 and TREM-2 cell surface expression is observed in sarcoidosis. Evaluation of BAL cell expression of both of these receptors may serve as a diagnostic marker for sarcoidosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suchankova
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bucova
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tibenska
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tedlova
authors.forename: Juraj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Demian
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Majer
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Novosadova
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tedla
authors.forename: Ema
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paulovicova
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kantarova
mesh_terms: D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; C498715:TREM2 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1