title: Polyphenolic profile and biological activity of Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) fruits.
abstract: Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) fruits are rich in polyphenols (e.g., epicatechin, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B5, procyanidin C1, hyperoside, isoquercitrin and chlorogenic acid)--active compounds that exert beneficial effects. This review summarizes all information available on polyphenolic content and methods for their quantification in Chinese hawthorn berries and the relationships between individual polyphenolic compounds as well. The influence of species or cultivars, the locality of cultivation, the stage of maturity, and extract preparation conditions on the polyphenolic content were discussed as well. Currently, only fruits of C. pinnatifida and C. pinnatifida var. major are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Recent trials have demonstrated the efficacy of Chinese hawthorn fruit in lowering blood cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The fruit has also demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities. This review deals mainly with the biological activity of the fruit related to its antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural and Informatics Sciences, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Drazovska 4, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Tunde
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jurikova
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sochor
authors.forename: Otakar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rop
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mlcek
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balla
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szekeres
authors.forename: Vojtech
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kizek
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D059808:Polyphenols