title: The effect of excess weight gain with intensive diabetes mellitus treatment on cardiovascular disease risk factors and atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus: results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intensive diabetes mellitus therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus reduces diabetes mellitus complications but can be associated with excess weight gain, central obesity, and dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether excessive weight gain with diabetes mellitus therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus is prospectively associated with atherosclerotic disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (97% white, 45% female, mean age 35 years) randomly assigned to intensive or conventional diabetes mellitus treatment during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) underwent intima-media thickness (n = 1015) and coronary artery calcium score (n = 925) measurements during follow-up in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study. Intensive treatment subjects were classified by quartile of body mass index change during the DCCT. Excess gainers (4th quartile, including conventional treatment subjects meeting this threshold) maintained greater body mass index and waist circumference, needed more insulin, had greater intima-media thickness (+5%, P < 0.001 EDIC year 1, P = 0.003 EDIC year 6), and trended toward greater coronary artery calcium scores (odds ratio, 1.55; confidence interval, 0.97 to 2.49; P = 0.07) than minimal gainers. DCCT subjects meeting metabolic syndrome criteria for waist circumference and blood pressure had greater intima-media thickness in both EDIC years (P = 0.02 to < 0.001); those meeting high-density lipoprotein criteria had greater coronary artery calcium scores (odds ratio, 1.6; confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.4; P = 0.01) during follow-up. Increasing frequency of a family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was associated with greater intima-media thickness with intensive but not conventional treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excess weight gain in DCCT is associated with sustained increases in central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and blood pressure, as well as more extensive atherosclerosis during EDIC.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL for DCCT: http://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00360815. URL for EDIC: http://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00360893.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. purnellj@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Purnell
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zinman
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brunzell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015994:Incidence; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin