title: Does rituximab induce hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rituximab (RTX) is a promising strategy for treating steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). RTX induces profound B-cell depletion, suggesting hypogammaglobulinemia as a potential side effect after long-term treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in 12 pediatric patients on RTX with a B-cell depletion of a minimum of 3 months and compared the results to 16 patients on orally administered immunosuppressive drugs, such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and/or cyclosporine A (CyA). All patients were in stable remission of SDNS at the time of IgG analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IgG levels in the RTX group before RTX introduction were 6.2 ± 1.0 g/L and were not significantly different from the MMF/CyA group (8.2 ± 2.5 g/L). In the MMF/CyA group, five patients had at least one episode of hypogammaglobulinemia. In two of them, this episode was prolonged (>3 months), and only one required IgG supplementation. In the RTX group, eight patients had decreased IgG levels before RTX infusion. After RTX, hypogammaglobulinemia persisted in seven among those eight patients. No decreased IgG plasma levels were noted in patients with normal baseline IgG levels before RTX treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RTX does not seem to directly induce decreased IgG levels in patients with SDNS, but it seems to prolong a preexisting low IgG levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP 75012, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laëtitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delbe-Bertin
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aoun
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tudorache
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lapillone
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ulinski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000361:Agammaglobulinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D012307:Risk Factors; D000069283:Rituximab; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069283:Rituximab