title: Components of metabolic syndrome and 5-year change in insulin clearance - the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cross-sectional evidence indicates that abdominal adiposity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and glycaemia are associated with reduced metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI). Little is known about the progression of MCRI and whether components of metabolic syndrome are associated with the change in MCRI. In this study, we examined the association between components of metabolic syndrome and the 5-year change of MCRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline and 5-year follow-up, we measured fasting plasma triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in 784 non-diabetic participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. MCRI, insulin sensitivity (SI ) and acute insulin response (AIR) were determined from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a 29% decline of MCRI at follow-up. TG, systolic BP and WC at baseline were inversely associated with a decline of MCRI regression models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption, energy expenditure, family history of diabetes, BMI, SI and AIR [β = -0.057 (95% confidence interval, CI: -0.11, -0.0084) for TG, β = -0.0019 (95% CI: -0.0035, -0.00023) for systolic BP and β = -0.0084 (95% CI: -0.013, -0.0039) for WC; all p < 0.05]. Higher HDL cholesterol at baseline was associated with an increase in MCRI [multivariable-adjusted β = 0.0029 (95% CI: 0.0010, 0.0048), p = 0.002]. FBG at baseline was not associated with MCRI at follow-up [multivariable-adjusted β = 0.0014 (95% CI: -0.0026, 0.0029)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCRI declined progressively over 5 years in a non-diabetic cohort. Components of metabolic syndrome at baseline were associated with a significant change in MCRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haffner
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wagenknecht
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Goodarzi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stefanovski
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rewers
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hanley
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human