title: Impact of IL -9 and IL-33 in mast cells.
abstract: Cytokines serve as chemical communicators from one cell to another and most of them have pro-inflammatory activity. Mast cells have been recognised as important mediators of the pathogenesis of allergy and inflammation, suggesting a role for IL-33-mediated mast cell activation. IL-33 was recently identified as a ligand for the orphan IL-1 family receptor T1/ST2 and is mainly expressed by mast cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, particularly in high endothelial venules. IL-33 is a potent inducer of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-13 and TNF, and chemokines (MCP-1), by mast cells. Substance P is capable to induce VEGF from mast cells, and IL-33, the newest pro-inflammatory member of the IL-1 cytokine family, augments the effect of SP in VEGF transcription and translation protein. IL-9 is a pleiotropic and is expressed by multiple T helper (TH) cell subsets. IL-9 promotes the expression of mast cell pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and is involved in Th2 responses. This article focuses on recent developments of mast cells, IL-9 and IL-33, and recent literature and investigations were reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Neonatology Division, University of Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sabatino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saggini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cianchetti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toniato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fulcheri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caraffa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antinolfi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frydas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pandolfi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Potalivo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galzio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Theoharides
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D016906:Interleukin-9 / Q000502:physiology*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000502:physiology*; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C506536:IL33 protein, human; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D016906:Interleukin-9; D007378:Interleukins