title: [Exposure level of 16 metal elements in drinking water in Beijing].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the exposure level of 16 metal elements (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, Sb, Se, Al, Ba, Be,T1, Mo and Na) in drinking water for residents in Beijing.
  
  
  METHODS
  To monitor 16 elements in drinking water collected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from 270 families in summer and winter and detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 COMPLEX SAMPLE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The exposure levels from low to high can be divided into three layers. The exposure level for Ag, Cd, Sb, Be and T1 was from not detected to 0.083 microg/L, for Mo,Pb, Ni and Se was 0.06-100 microg/L, for Cu,Al,Zn,Mn,Fe,Na and Ba was 0. 00036-6. 579mg/L. The exposure level of 11 elements ( Pb, Se, Mo, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Al, Ba, Fe, Na) in summer was higher than that in winter. The qualified rate for Na, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, Ba, Pb and Se was 95.6%, 98.9%, 93.3%, 95.9%, 87.4%, 96.7%, 98.1% and 93.7% in winter respectively. The qualified rate for Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Pb and Se was 95.9%, 99.6%, 95.2%, 98.1%, 96.7%, 98.1% in summer respectively. The qualified rate for other elements was 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The qualification of 16 metal elements in drinking water in Beijing were in low exposure levels. Most of indicators in municipal water supply were better than those in self-provided water supply.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
authors.forename: Peiyao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jianrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Binsheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D008670:Metals; D014873:Water Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper