title: Albuminuria and hyperhomocysteinemia as cardiovascular risk factors in potentially healthy soldiers: A long-term observation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the relations between albuminuria and selected cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 200 apparently healthy soldiers aged 28.8±8.1, observed for 36 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Albuminuria was revealed in 9% of the studied group at the beginning of the study and in 12.7% at the end of the observation. Albumins increased from 97.0±61.0 mg/24 hours to 165.0±25.7 mg/24 hours after 36 months of observation. The increase of diastolic blood pressure, body mass, C-reactive protein (CRP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was found in the "albuminuria subgroup" after 3 years of observation. This subgroup also presented significantly higher homocysteine and CRP serum concentrations in comparison with the "non-albuminuria group" in the first phase of the study and after 3 years of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Albuminuria was found to be a relatively frequent and persistent abnormality in the studied group. The study demonstrated the relationship between the occurrence and the severity of albuminuria and selected biochemical and demographic cardiovascular risk factors. Determination of albuminuria is a useful, early marker of cardiovascular risk in young male professional soldiers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysotherapy, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kade
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antosiewicz
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wańkowicz