title: Adjuvant antiviral therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is an update of a Cochrane Review originally published in Issue 4, 2005 of The Cochrane Library and previously updated in 2010.Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a condition characterised by benign papillomatous (wart-like) growths in the upper airway. It can affect both adults and children causing airway obstruction and voice change. Treatment usually involves repeated surgical debulking of the papillomata. Several agents have been proposed as adjuvants to surgical debulking, including antivirals, administered systemically or injected into the lesions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of antiviral agents as adjuvant therapy in the management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children and adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; BIOSIS Previews; Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the most recent search was 24 February 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 143 references from the searches. Forty-three were appropriate for retrieval and assessed for eligibility by the authors. One randomised controlled trial met the inclusion criteria, involving 19 participants. We contacted the authors to obtain additional data to facilitate the review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The included study was a single-institution, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intralesional cidofovir administered at the time of surgical debulking. Adults (n = 15) and children (n = 4) were included. We judged the study to have a reasonably low risk of bias. After a 12-month trial period, no difference was found between the cidofovir and placebo groups. Both groups showed a significant reduction in disease extent (as assessed at the time of surgery using the Derkay Scoring System), but no significant change in health-related quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of antiviral agents as adjuvant therapy in the management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children or adults. The included randomised controlled trial showed no advantage of intralesional cidofovir over placebo at 12 months. The study was limited by a small sample size and a change in the cidofovir concentration midway through the trial, from 0.3 mg/ml in children and 0.75 mg/ml in adults, to 5 mg/ml in both adults and children. An adequately powered randomised controlled trial of intra-lesional cidofovir, consistently using higher concentrations of cidofovir in comparison with injected placebo, would be required to determine effectiveness convincingly. Future studies must include health-related quality of life and symptom-based outcome measures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. nchadha@cw.bc.ca.
authors.forename: Neil K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Chadha
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D000077404:Cidofovir; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010212:Papilloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D012142:Respiratory Tract Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D003596:Cytosine; D000077404:Cidofovir