title: Color stability, conversion, water sorption and solubility of dental composites formulated with different photoinitiator systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to formulate materials with high color stability and reduced degradation by using photoinitiator systems derived from phosphine oxides alternative to the traditional camphorquinone (CQ)/amine system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Materials were formulated with the monomers BisGMA and TEGDMA as organic matrix. The photoinitiators tested were CQ+amine (EDMAB), phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO), BAPO+EDMAB, diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (TPO) and TPO+EDMAB. A 60% mass of silanated glass filler particles was added. Degree of CC conversion was evaluated by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy 10min after photopolymerization. The color properties were evaluated by a digital spectrophotometer, applying the CIELab parameters, either before photoactivation, immediately after photoactivation, 24h after dry storage, and one month after water immersion. Water sorption and solubility were assessed by mass gain or loss after storage in water for 30 days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Degree of conversion did not differ statistically among all the tested formulations. Regarding color, only groups with TPO presented satisfactory color stability after one month of water storage (ΔE<3.3). Water sorption and water stability did not differ among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Degree of conversion, water sorption and water solubility did not differ among all the tested groups. The TPO-based groups were the only materials with satisfactory color stability after one month of water storage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a photoinitiator system containing TPO might improve the color stability of resin composites compared with the traditional CQ/amine system while attaining similar physico-chemical properties for the composite.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, LABiom-R, R. Mário Santos Braga 30, 24020-140 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Paulo A C
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Allana D L
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Rafael R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Larissa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.forename: Luis Felipe J
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000327:Adsorption; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002164:Camphor / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D007101:Immersion; D010720:Phosphines / Q000737:chemistry; D058567:Photoinitiators, Dental / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C520678:(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D010720:Phosphines; D058567:Photoinitiators, Dental; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C523330:ethyl 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzoate; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates; D014867:Water; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D002244:Carbon; D002164:Camphor; C553149:camphorquinone