title: Hypersensitivity and vaccines: an update.
abstract: Allergic reactions to vaccines can be classified as sensitivity to one of the vaccine components, pseudo-allergic reactions, often after hyperimmunization, and exacerbation of atopic symptoms or vasculitis. Pseudo-allergic reactions, some possibly due to hyperimmunization, are probably more common than true allergies. Atopic reactions should not be confused with the "flash" phenomenon, defined as an exacerbation of an allergic reaction due to a reduction in the allergic reactivity threshold following the vaccine injection. BCGitis occurs frequently, and for this reason, guidelines for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) have been modified. The vaccine is now reserved for people at risk of exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This review provides an update on the vaccination modalities for people allergic to eggs, on the assessment that should be performed when a reaction occurs due to tetanus vaccination, on the urticaria after hepatitis vaccination, on an aluminum granuloma, which is more and more frequent in young children, and vasculitis after flu vaccination and BCGitis. The side effects associated with new, recently released vaccines, such as anti-influenza A H1N1 or anti-human papilloma virus (HPV) will also be presented.
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie, CHU Nancy, hôpitaux de Brabois, 6 rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France. a.barbaud@chu-nancy.fr
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbaud
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deschildre
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waton
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raison-Peyron
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tréchot
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000009:adverse effects; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology*; D021181:Egg Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications; D005079:Excipients / Q000009:adverse effects; D006099:Granuloma / Q000139:chemically induced; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D014612:Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D005079:Excipients; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D014612:Vaccines; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine; D000535:Aluminum