title: A meal high in saturated fat evokes postprandial dyslipemia, hyperinsulinemia, and altered lipoprotein expression in obese children with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperinsulinemia and altered lipid and lipoprotein metabolism induced by fast-food diets may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesized that a high saturated fat (SFA) meal would evoke prolonged postprandial lipemia and hyperinsulinemia, increased inflammation, and altered lipoprotein expression in obese children with NAFLD when compared with healthy children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 31 children (NAFLD, 13.1 ± 2.6 years, n = 11; age-matched obese, 14.3 ± 1.7 years, n = 9; lean, 13.6 ± 2.6 years, n = 11) following consumption of a high SFA (18.8%) meal. Prior to and at 1, 3, and 6 hours after meal consumption, blood was collected for analysis of alanine aminotransferase (ALT); aspartate aminotransferase (AST); γ-glutamyltransferase; leptin; C-reactive protein; (fasting) insulin; glucose; triglycerides (TGs); total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; adiponectin; nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs); inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10); apolipoproteins-B48, B100, and CIII; and fatty acid (FA) composition of TG fractions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with NAFLD had significantly higher fasting levels of ALT (87 ± 54 U/L), AST (52 ± 33.5 U/L), and apolipoprotein-CIII (20.6 ± 11.3 mg/dL) with postprandial hyperinsulinemia (iAUC insulin: 225 ± 207 [NAFLD] vs 113 ± 73 [obese] vs 47 ± 19.9 [lean] mU/L-h; P < .001); suppression of NEFA (iAUC-NEFA: 1.7 ± 0.9 [NAFLD] vs 0.6 ± 0.3 [obese] vs 1 ± 0.7 [lean] mEq/L-h); and prolonged elevations in apolipoprotein-B48 3-6 hours after meal consumption when compared with obese and lean controls (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A meal high in saturated fat evokes postprandial dyslipemia, hyperinsulinemia, and altered lipoprotein expression in obese children with and without NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G OK2, Canada. mager@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Diana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mager
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mazurak
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Dimitrescu
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vine
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jetha
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yap
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48 / Q000097:blood; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III / Q000097:blood; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D057140:Fast Foods; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D008074:Lipoproteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase