title: Protein expression in the midgut of sugar-fed Aedes albopictus females.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aedes albopictus is a vector for several fatal arboviruses in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The midgut of the mosquito is the first barrier that pathogens must overcome to establish infection and represents one of the main immunologically active sites of the insect. Nevertheless, little is known about the proteins involved in the defense against pathogens, and even in the processing of food, and the detoxification of metabolites. The identification of proteins exclusively expressed in the midgut is the first step in understanding the complex physiology of this tissue and can provide insight into the mechanisms of pathogen-vector interaction. However, identification of the locally expressed proteins presents a challenge because the Ae. albopictus genome has not been sequenced.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) was combined with liquid chromatography in line with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and data mining to identify the major proteins in the midgut of sugar-fed Ae. albopictus females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six proteins were identified by sequence similarity to entries from the Ae. aegypti genome. In addition, two hypothetical proteins were experimentally confirmed. According to the gene ontology analysis, the identified proteins were classified into 16 clusters of biological processes. Use of the STRING database to investigate protein functional associations revealed five functional networks among the identified proteins, including a network for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, a group associated with ATP production and a network of proteins that interact during detoxification of toxic free radicals, among others. This analysis allowed the assignment of a potential role for proteins with unknown function based on their functional association with other characterized proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings represent the first proteome map of the Ae. albopictus midgut and denotes the first steps towards the description of a comprehensive proteome map of this vector. In addition, the data contributes to the functional annotation of Aedes spp. genomes using mass spectrometry-based proteomics data combined with complementary gene prediction methods.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saboia-Vahia
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borges-Veloso
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cuervo
authors.forename: Magno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mesquita-Rodrigues
authors.forename: Constanca
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Britto
authors.forename: Gilberto Barbosa
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Domont
authors.forename: Jose Batista
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: De Jesus
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D019295:Computational Biology; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000737:chemistry; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D019476:Insect Proteins; D020543:Proteome