title: The influence of sex difference on self-reference effects in a male-dominated culture.
abstract: 52 secondary school students from the Chaoshan, China, area, where males are highly valued, were examined for self-reference, mother-reference, and father-reference effects. Because the father is the primary role model in Chaoshan culture, it was predicted that male participants would demonstrate a father-reference effect while females would show a mother-reference effect. The results confirmed that females showed significant self-, mother-, and father-reference effects in terms of memory performance, while males showed only a significant father-reference effect and a marginally significant self-reference effect. This study highlights the importance of researching subcultures such as the Chaoshan subculture to gain a comprehensive understanding of self-construct.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003469:Culture; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012649:Self Concept; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors