title: [Antibiotic consumption and its costs of purchase in Polish neonatology networks units].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study presents the results of the analysis of antibiotic consumption and its direct costs in selected neonatal units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected retrospectively (the year 2007) in five hospitals, during the pilot phase of the Polish Neonatal Network . Antibiotic consumption was assessed using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD). The costs were assessed as the costs of purchase of one DDD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 11 922 children hospitalized in the period from 1.01 to 31.12.2007. In this group, 731 infants have birth weight < 1500 grams (from 2.2% to 64.2% in individual units, median--7.3%). The mean consumption of antibacterial drugs was 48.52 DDD/1 000 person-days (P-D) of stay among the entire study population (median--42,52), and varied from 23.13 to 85.82 DDD/1,000 P-D. However, this difference has not been statistically significant. The most commonly used group of antibiotics were beta-lactams--in four out of five units the percentage of its usage ranged from 48.71% to 74.67%. Next group were aminoglicosides--in one unit its usage reached 56.97% and in other ranged from 5.01% to 22.53%. Glycopeptides and macrolides were also used in every unit of the studied group. The usage of glycopeptides ranged from 1.7% to 10.81% and of macrolides from 1.32% to 15.71%. Different kinds of antibiotics were used occasionally. The differences of costs of purchase of one DDD between hospitals were greater and varied from 17,64 PLN/ DDD to 84,58 PLN/ DDD (average costs). A considerable range of costs index values was also noted for different groups of antibiotics. The costs of purchase of one DDD of beta-lactams varied from 19.54 PLN/ DDD to 68.35 PLN/ DDD; for aminoglicosides the cost varied from 4.61 PLN/ DDD to 122.9 PLN/ DDD, for glycopeptides--from 31.40 PLN/ DDD to 283.13 PLN/ DDD and in case of macrolides: from 12.05 PLN/ DDD to 90.77 PLN/ DDD. This differentiation of the cost of purchasing a single defined daily dose, taking into account the specific groups of antibiotics, did not have the characteristics of statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As expected, the antibiotic regimens in the studied wards were similar. This is due to a homogeneous population of hospitalized patients. However, the differences of costs of purchase of antibiotics observed in the study, indicate the considerable variety of the treatment patterns in Polish neonatology units and the need to develop and implement recommendations of effective pharmacotherapy for patients in intensive neonatal care units and the implementation of a unified model of infections surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Katedra Mikrobiologii, Collegium Medicum Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków. a.rozanska@uj.edu.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rózańska
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wójkowska-Mach
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borszewska-Kornacka
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cmiel
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gadzinowski
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gulczyńska
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Helwich
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kordek
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pawlik
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szczapa
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Heczko
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000191:economics*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D018942:Macrolides / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011044:Poland; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006020:Glycopeptides; D018942:Macrolides; D047090:beta-Lactams