title: Clinical accuracy and reproducibility of Portrait 3D Surgical Simulation Platform in breast augmentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three-dimensional (3D) digital photography uses integrated image capture technology and rendering software to create 3D models. Volumetric measurements project simulated post-operative images prior to breast augmentation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of breast volume measurements using the Portrait 3D Surgical Simulation Platform (Axis Three, Boston, Massachusetts).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients underwent breast augmentation. 3D volumetric imaging analysis was performed by two independent observers preoperatively and at 6 weeks postoperatively. Simulated volumes were compared to actual implant volume using the Student's t test. Intra-observer reliability was evaluated by measuring internal consistency (Cronbach and 95% confidence interval [CI]) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) from the two observers' calculated volumes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Half (n = 11) of the patients received silicone implants and half saline; all were placed in the submuscular plane through an inframammary incision. No difference in volume estimation in preoperative or postoperative images (P = .49 and P = .14; and P = 1.0 and P = .37, in right and left breasts, respectively) was observed. The test-retest reliability between observers was excellent (ICC, 0.98; P < .001) and Cronbach's value (0.99; 95% CI 0.97-0.99; P < .001) demonstrated an excellent correlation. Regarding accuracy, difference in volume estimation between actual and simulated volumes varied between 0 to 106 mL (0 - 30%), with an absolute mean difference of 12.2% (42.5 mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Portrait 3D breast imaging system provides a highly reproducible 3D tool for measuring breast volume and simulating breast augmentation. Accuracy of the 3D models can vary up to 30% (mean 12.2%). This variability should be accounted for when using this technology to visually communicate with patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mailey
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freel
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Pointer
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khoobehi
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D010781:Photography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results