title: Noninvasive monitoring of treatment response in a rabbit cyanide toxicity model reveals differences in brain and muscle metabolism.
abstract: Noninvasive near infrared spectroscopy measurements were performed to monitor cyanide (CN) poisoning and recovery in the brain region and in foreleg muscle simultaneously, and the effects of a novel CN antidote, sulfanegen sodium, on tissue hemoglobin oxygenation changes were compared using a sub-lethal rabbit model. The results demonstrated that the brain region is more susceptible to CN poisoning and slower in endogenous CN detoxification following exposure than peripheral muscles. However, sulfanegen sodium rapidly reversed CN toxicity, with brain region effects reversing more quickly than muscle. In vivo monitoring of multiple organs may provide important clinical information regarding the extent of CN toxicity and subsequent recovery, and facilitate antidote drug development.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA. jaekim@gist.ac.kr
authors.forename: Jae G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jangwoen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sari B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Mahon
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Gerry R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Boss
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tromberg
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003486:Cyanides / Q000633:toxicity*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring / Q000494:pharmacology; D009132:Muscles / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C572639:2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid; D000931:Antidotes; D003486:Cyanides; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin