title: Silver ions release from antibacterial chitosan films containing in situ generated silver nanoparticles.
abstract: This study aims to develop antimicrobial films consisting of chitosan and silver nanoparticles that are homogeneously distributed throughout the polymer matrix. Nanoparticles were generated in situ during the neutralization of the chitosan acetate film with sodium hydroxide. The temperature of neutralization and the concentration of silver in the film were crucial determinants of the shape and size of the nanoparticles. Neutralized films exhibited antimicrobial activity against  Escherichia coli  and  Staphylococcus aureus  in liquid growth media. However, the effectiveness of the films was considerably greater in diluted growth media. Furthermore, no significant differences were found either in the antimicrobial capacities of films incorporating different amounts of silver or in the amount of silver that migrated into the liquid media after 18 h of immersion of the film. Neutralized films maintained their activity after 1 month of immersion in deionized water, which can be attributed to the slow sustained release of silver ions and thus efficacy over time.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Gracia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: López-Carballo
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Higueras
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gavara
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hernández-Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002412:Cations; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003470:Culture Media; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002412:Cations; D003470:Culture Media; D012834:Silver; D048271:Chitosan