title: A logical approach to optimize the nanostructured lipid carrier system of irinotecan: efficient hybrid design methodology.
abstract: Development of an effective formulation involves careful optimization of a number of excipient and process variables. Sometimes the number of variables is so large that even the most efficient optimization designs require a very large number of trials which put stress on costs as well as time. A creative combination of a number of design methods leads to a smaller number of trials. This study was aimed at the development of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) by using a combination of different optimization methods. A total of 11 variables were first screened using the Plackett-Burman design for their effects on formulation characteristics like size and entrapment efficiency. Four out of 11 variables were found to have insignificant effects on the formulation parameters and hence were screened out. Out of the remaining seven variables, four (concentration of tween-80, lecithin, sodium taurocholate, and total lipid) were found to have significant effects on the size of the particles while the other three (phase ratio, drug to lipid ratio, and sonication time) had a higher influence on the entrapment efficiency. The first four variables were optimized for their effect on size using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. The optimized values of the surfactants and lipids were kept constant for the next stage, where the sonication time, phase ratio, and drug:lipid ratio were varied using the Box-Behnken design response surface method to optimize the entrapment efficiency. Finally, by performing only 38 trials, we have optimized 11 variables for the development of NLCs with a size of 143.52 ± 1.2 nm, zeta potential of -32.6 ± 0.54 mV, and 98.22 ± 2.06% entrapment efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
authors.forename: Lalit Mohan
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Negi
authors.forename: Manu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaggi
authors.forename: Sushama
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Talegaonkar
mesh_terms: D002166:Camptothecin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008027:Light; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002166:Camptothecin