title: Injectable bone tissue engineering using expanded mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: Patients suffering from bone defects are often treated with autologous bone transplants, but this therapy can cause many complications. New approaches are therefore needed to improve treatment for bone defects, and stem cell therapy presents an exciting alternative approach. Although extensive evidence from basic studies using stem cells has been reported, few clinical applications using stem cells for bone tissue engineering have been developed. We investigated whether injectable tissue-engineered bone (TEB) composed of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma was able to regenerate functional bone in alveolar deficiencies. We performed these studies in animals and subsequently carried out large-scale clinical studies in patients with long-term follow-up; these showed good bone formation using minimally invasive MSC transplantation. All patients exhibited significantly improved bone volume with no side effects. Newly formed bone areas at 3 months were significantly increased over the preoperation baseline (p < .001) and reached levels equivalent to that of native bone. No significant bone resorption occurred during long-term follow-up. Injectable TEB restored masticatory function in patients. This novel clinical approach represents an effective therapeutic utilization of bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan. yyamada@aichi-med-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasaka
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuichi
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Ophir D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D023421:Models, Animal; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D055815:Young Adult