title: Renal arteriovenous fistula: a rare complication of electro-hydraulic lithotripsy.
abstract: Renal arteriovenous fistula (rAVF) is an uncommon condition, usually iatrogenic and in most cases caused by percutaneous renal needle biopsy. This is a report of rAVF following flexible ureteroscopic electro-hydraulic lithotripsy of a lower pole renal calculus and its subsequent management. A high index of suspicion is required for the diagnosis of this rare complication, which is easily treated by radiological intervention.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. abogsloc@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Funso Ayowale
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Abogunrin
mesh_terms: D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects