title: Bench comparative evaluation of a new generation and standard helmet for delivering non-invasive ventilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the performance of a new helmet (NH) recently introduced into clinical use relative to that of the standard helmet (SH) in terms of delivering non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and pressure support ventilation (nPSV).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a bench study using a mannequin connected to an active lung simulator. The SH was fastened to the mannequin by armpit braces, which are not needed to secure the NH.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inspiratory and expiratory variations in nCPAP delivered with two different simulated efforts (Pmus), were determined relative to the preset CPAP level. nPSV was applied at two simulated respiratory rates (RR) and two cycling-off flow thresholds. We measured inspiratory trigger delay (Delay trinsp), expiratory trigger delay (Delay trexp), time of synchrony (Time sync), trigger pressure drop (ΔP trigger), airway pressure-time product during the triggering phase (PTPt), the initial 200 ms from the onset of the ventilator pressurization (PTP 200), and the initial 300 and 500 ms from the onset of the simulated effort; this two latter parameters were expressed as the percentage of the area of ideal pressurization (PTP 300-index and PTP 500-index, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In nCPAP, at both Pmus, the differences between the two interfaces at both Pmus were small and clinically irrelevant. In nPSV, regardless of the setting, NH resulted in significantly smaller trigger delays, ΔP trigger, and PTPt. Time sync, PTP 200, PTP 300-index, and PTP 500-index were also significantly higher with the NH compared to the SH, irrespective of the setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to the SH, the NH is equally effective in delivering nCPAP and more effective in delivering nPSV, and it is used to avoid the need for armpit braces.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spinazzola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrone
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Longhini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cammarota
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navalesi
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006260:Head Protective Devices; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D008397:Masks; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods