title: Transthoracic cardiac ultrasonic stimulation induces a negative chronotropic effect.
abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate cardiac bioeffects resulting from ultrasonic stimulation using a specific set of acoustical parameters. Ten Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and exposed to 1-MHz ultrasound pulses of 3-MPa peak rarefactional pressure and approximately 1% duty factor. The pulse repetition frequency started slightly above the heart rate and was decreased by 1 Hz every 10 s, for a total exposure duration of 30 s. The control group was composed of five rats. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to compare heart rate and ejection fraction, which was used as an index of myocardial contractility. It was demonstrated for the first time that transthoracic ultrasound has the potential to decrease the heart rate by ~20%. The negative chronotropic effect lasted for at least 15 min after ultrasound exposure and there was no apparent gross damage to the cardiac tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil. elaine@ceb.unicamp.br
authors.forename: Elaine B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Buiochi
authors.forename: Rita J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buiochi
authors.forename: Rosana A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bassani
authors.forename: Eduardo T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000528:radiation effects; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013016:Sound; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000528:radiation effects; D014159:Transducers