title: Cytomegalovirus disease in lung transplantation: impact of recipient seropositivity and duration of antiviral prophylaxis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent randomized trial demonstrated that 1 year of antiviral prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus (CMV) after lung transplantation is superior to 3 months of treatment for prevention of CMV disease. However, it is uncertain if a shorter duration of prophylaxis might result in a similar rate of CMV disease among select lung transplant (LT) recipients who are at lower risk for CMV disease, based on baseline donor (D) and recipient (R) CMV serologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively assessed incidence, cumulative probability, and predictors of CMV disease and viremia in LT recipients transplanted between July 2004 and December 2009 at our center, where antiviral CMV prophylaxis for 6-12 months is standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 129 LT recipients, 94 were at risk for CMV infection based on donor CMV seropositivity (D+) or recipient seropositivity (R+); 14 developed CMV disease (14.9%): 11 with CMV syndrome, 2 with pneumonitis, and 1 with gastrointestinal disease by the end of follow-up (October 2010); 17 developed asymptomatic CMV viremia (18.1%). The cumulative probability of CMV disease was 17.4% 18 months after transplantation. CMV D+/R- recipients who routinely received 1 year of prophylaxis were more likely to develop CMV disease compared with D+/R+ or D-/R+ recipients, who routinely received 6 months of prophylaxis (12/45 vs. 2/25 vs. 0/24, P = 0.005). Recipients who stopped CMV prophylaxis before 12 months (in D+/R- recipients) and 6 months (in R+ recipients) tended to develop CMV disease more than those who did not (9/39 vs. 3/41, P = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On a 6-month CMV prophylaxis protocol, few R+ recipients developed CMV disease in this cohort. In contrast, despite a 12-month prophylaxis protocol, D+/R- LT recipients remained at highest risk for CMV disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. shammond2@partners.org
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gabardi
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fuhlbrigge
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Camp
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Baden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents