title: Immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis TH10 on murine macrophage cells.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis TH10 (hk-TH10) and its signal transduction on murine macrophage RAW264 cells. RAW264 cells produced nitric oxide (NO) following hk-TH10 treatment. In order to investigate the mechanisms underlying hk-TH10-stimulated NO production, we further measured NO production in RAW264 cells treated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 inhibitor peptide, NF-κB inhibitor, TLR1-siRNA, TLR2-siRNA, and TLR-6 siRNA. Furthermore, the activation of TLR2-TLR1/6 pathway molecules was analyzed by Western blotting. The result of this study showed that hk-TH10 stimulates NO in RAW264 cells through the activation of the TLR2-TLR1/6 pathway. From our findings, we can conclude that hk-TH10 isolated from a traditional side-dish fermented food (tempeh) may facilitate host immunomodulation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan. titoh@nara.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onda
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsukamasa
authors.forename: Muneaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000276:immunology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D009569:Nitric Oxide