title: The transmembrane chemokines CXCL16 and CX3CL1 and their receptors are             expressed in human meningiomas.
abstract: Meningiomas are common slowly growing benign tumors, however, anaplastic             meningiomas have an aggressive biological and clinical behavior associated with             high rates of recurrence and unfavorable prognosis. Since the molecular mechanisms             involved in progression of meningiomas are not yet fully understood and recent             investigations have suggested a possible role of chemokines in tumor biology,             the aim of the study was to investigate the expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CXCL16/CXCR6             on mRNA and protein level in human meningiomas. Quantitative reverse-transcription             polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and double immuno-staining techniques             were used for the investigations. We showed that mRNA and protein expression of             the chemokine/receptor pairs CX3CL1/CX3CR1 and CXCL16/CXCR6 were detectable in             human meningioma samples. Double immunostaining revealed that the chemokines/receptors             were predominantly expressed in the tumor cells themselves, in infiltrating microglia             cells/macrophages and endothelial cells of blood vessels. Nevertheless, not all             cells of different kinds were positive for different chemokine/receptors. Of note,             in comparison to more benign meningioma samples, CX3CR1 and CXCL16 were found             to be expressed at lower levels in anaplastic variants. Moreover, a positive correlation             between expression levels of ligands and corresponding receptors could be observed             for some malignancy grades. Taken together, these results showed that chemokines             and their receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of human meningiomas. Our             results provide an interesting basis for further investigations that should be             performed to characterize the functional roles of chemokines and their receptors             in human meningiomas, and also enhance future therapeutic design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Gu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattermann
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mentlein
authors.forename: H Maximilian
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mehdorn
authors.forename: Janka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Held-Feindt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001808:Blood Vessels; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; C423727:CXCL16 protein, human; C106330:CXCR6 protein, human; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D011991:Receptors, Virus