title: Intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer: a review of tolerance and efficacy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  TO REVIEW THE TWO MAIN APPROACHES OF INTRAPERITONEAL (IP) CHEMOTHERAPY DELIVERY IN OVARIAN CANCER: postoperative adjuvant IP chemotherapy after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted to identify studies that employed postoperative adjuvant IP chemotherapy after CRS or combined CRS and intraoperative HIPEC in patients with ovarian cancer. Data of interest included chemotherapy protocol, morbidity and mortality, and survival data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three large randomized controlled trials comprising 707 patients with advanced ovarian cancer who received postoperative adjuvant IP chemotherapy were reviewed. Morbidity rate ranged from 56% to 94% in IP chemotherapy, and mortality rate ranged from 1% to 2%. Median disease-free survival ranged from 24 to 28 months, and overall survival ranged from 49 to 66 months. Planned chemotherapy completion rates ranged from 42% to 71%. Twenty-four nonrandomized studies that reported HIPEC comprised 1167 patients with both advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer. In patients with advanced ovarian cancer, mortality ranged from 0% to 5%, minor morbidity ranged from 16% to 90%, and major morbidity ranged from 0% to 40%. Median disease-free survival ranged from 13 to 56 months, and overall survival ranged from 14 to 64 months. Survival at 5 years ranged from 35% to 70%. In patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, the mortality rate ranged from 0% to 10%, minor morbidity ranged from 7% to 90%, and major morbidity ranged from 0% to 49%. Median disease-free survival ranged from 13 to 24 months and overall survival from 23 to 49 months. Survival at 5 years ranged from 12% to 54%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is level-one evidence suggesting the benefit of postoperative adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy for patients with advanced ovarian cancer after cytoreductive surgery, albeit catheter-related complications resulted after treatment discontinuation. Studies report the use of HIPEC predominantly in the setting of recurrent disease and have demonstrated encouraging results, which merits further investigation in future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary and Surgical Oncology Unit, UNSW Department of Surgery, and the St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Terence C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chua