title: [Cytokine determination from vitreous samples in retinal vascular diseases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine cytokine levels from vitreous samples of treatment-naive patients with diabetic retinopathy (DRP), retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and exudative age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study 187 patients (median age 67 years, 101 males) were treated with a combined drug therapy including a 23-gauge core vitrectomy. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) levels were determined a using cytometric bead assay (CBA) and compared to those of the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the control group all diseases had significantly elevated cytokine levels, except VEGF in ARMD. In DRP samples of patients with diffuse diabetic macula edema (DME) higher VEGF-A and MCP-1 levels were found than in patients with focal DME. Ischemic DRP had higher VEGF levels than non-ischemic DRP. All measured cytokines were significantly higher in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) than in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in intravitreal cytokine levels in DRP, RVO and ARMD could be demonstrated. The knowledge of depicted specific characteristic dysregulation of cytokines could allow more targeted future therapies.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsaugenklinik, Goethe Universität, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland. marcel.pfister@kgu.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cinatl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rothweiler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koss
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000032:analysis*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000737:chemistry*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A