title: Neurosurgical treatment of low-grade cerebellar astrocytoma in children and adolescents: a single consecutive institutional series of 100 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to delineate the long-term results of surgical treatment of pediatric low-grade cerebellar astrocytoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred consecutive children and adolescents (0-19 years old) who underwent primary tumor resection for a low-grade cerebellar astrocytoma during the years 1980-2011 were included in this retrospective study on surgical morbidity, mortality rate, academic achievement, and/or work participation. Gross motor function and activities of daily living were scored according to the Barthel Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 100 patients, 61 children were in the 1st decade, and 39 were 10-19 years old. The male/female ratio was 1.13:1 (53 males, 47 females). No patients were lost to follow-up. There were no deaths in this series and all 100 patients are currently alive. In 29 patients, the follow-up duration was less than 10 years, in 37 it was between 10 and 19 years, and in 34 it was between 20 and 31 years. The Barthel Index was 100 (normal) in 97 patients, 90 in 2 patients, and 40 in the last patient. A total of 113 tumor resections were performed. Two patients underwent further tumor resection due to MRI-confirmed residual tumor demonstrated on the immediate postoperative MR image (obtained the day after the initial procedure). Furthermore, 9 children underwent repeat tumor resection after MRI-confirmed progressive tumor recurrence up to 10 years after the initial operation. Two of these patients also underwent a third resection, without subsequent radiation therapy, and have experienced 8 and 12 years of tumor-free follow-up thereafter, respectively. A total of 15% of the patients required treatment for persistent hydrocephalus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-grade cerebellar astrocytoma is a surgical disease, in need of long-term follow-up, but with excellent long-term results. Nine percent of the children in this study underwent repeated surgery due to progressive tumor recurrence, and 15% were treated for persistent hydrocephalus.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Bernt Johan
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Due-Tønnessen
authors.forename: Tryggve
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lundar
authors.forename: Arild
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Egge
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheie
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003399:Craniotomy; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D059906:Neuroimaging; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012574:Schools; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult