title: Target-site mutation associated with cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in late watergrass (Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in 29 Echinochloa accessions from water-seeded rice fields of northern Greece and to discriminate the Echinochloa species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two E. oryzicola accessions were found to be cross-resistant to penoxsulam, bispyribac-sodium, imazamox, foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron and rimsulfuron, whereas all accessions were susceptible (S) to profoxydim. Sequencing of the ALS gene revealed that resistant (R) accessions had a Trp574Leu mutation, which was also confirmed by TspRI endonuclease digestion. Use of cpDNA sequence comparison analysis of Echinochloa species discriminated successfully E. crus-galli and E. oryzicola accessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of Echinochloa oryzicola cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides as a result of Trp574Leu mutation. The cpDNA sequence comparison analysis is a reliable tool for discrimination of conventionally classified E. crus-galli and E. oryzicola accessions.
authors.affiliation: Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berks, UK.
authors.forename: Nikolaos S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kaloumenos
authors.forename: Sofia L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chatzilazaridou
authors.forename: Photini V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Mylona
authors.forename: Alexios N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Polidoros
authors.forename: Ilias G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Eleftherohorinos
mesh_terms: D000095:Acetolactate Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D031747:Echinochloa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D053209:Herbicide Resistance; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D057685:Plant Weeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D058728:Weed Control
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006540:Herbicides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000095:Acetolactate Synthase