title: Quantifying the effects of not stirring between repetitive chronoamperometric experiments.
abstract: Electroanalytical protocols executed under quiescent conditions generally require that the analyte medium be stirred (or agitated) between repetitions to ensure reestablishment of identical initial conditions in the vicinity of the electrode surface. The present work examines what happens when experimental conditions preclude stirring. We consider two general schemes: Scheme 1 where the potential is stepped from E(start) to E(step) to oxidize the initially present reduced redox moiety, A, to B under diffusion control (i.e., [A](x=0) = 0) for 0 ≤ t ≤ τ(1) followed by a second potential step from E(step) back to E(start) and continuing for τ(1) < t ≤ τ(2) during which time species B is reduced back to the initially present species A under diffusion control (i.e., [B](x=0) = 0) and Scheme 2 where the potential is again stepped from E(start) to E(step) to oxidize A to B under diffusion control for 0 ≤ t ≤ τ(1) followed by a second potential step from E(step) back to E(start) and continuing for τ(1) < t ≤ τ(2) during which there is no electron transfer; i.e., the electrochemical conversion of B to A (or vice versa) does not occur, and the electrode is effectively at open circuit for time τ(1) < t ≤ τ(2). We define a recovery parameter which specifies the concentration of A at distance (D(A)τ(1))(1/2) from the electrode as a function of the recovery-time ratio τ(2)/τ(1) and the operative Scheme (J). We show that for any given level of recovery τ(2)/τ(1) for Scheme 2 is much larger than for Scheme 1.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA. feldberg@bnl.gov
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Feldberg
authors.forename: Ruchika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ojha
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bond
mesh_terms: D004058:Diffusion; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013499:Surface Properties