title: Comprehensive assessment of gastric emptying with a stable isotope breath test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The [(13)C]-Spirulina platensis gastric emptying breath test (GEBT) with five samples is accurate relative to scintigraphy. This study was primarily designed to further validate this GEBT using a slightly different process for incorporating [(13)C] in Spirulina and to evaluate the utility of additional samples for assessing early gastric emptying.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a 223 kcal, test meal labeled with (99m) Tc and [(13)C]-S. platensis, scintigraphic images, and five breath samples (45, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min, GEBT5) were collected in 14 controls (Part A). In Part B, nine breath samples were collected at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 min (GEBT9) in 30 subjects (15 controls, 15 dyspepsia). Using correlation between [(13)C] breath excretion and scintigraphic emptying, lag time (t(10), time for 10% emptying), emptying at 30 min (GE(30)), and half time (t(50)) were estimated for GEBT5 (Parts A and B) and GEBT9 (Part B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Half time values for scintigraphy, GEBT5, and GEBT9 were highly concordant. t(10) by GEBT9 (90%CI, 6-15 min) was more strongly correlated [CCC 0.80 (95% CI, 0.63-0.90)] with scintigraphy (90% CI, 5-12 min), than GEBT5 [10-19 min, CCC 0.73 (95% CI, 0.54-0.85)]. The correlation between estimated values (GEBT9) and linearly interpolated values (GEBT5) was closer at 60 [CCC 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-0.97)] than 30 min [CCC 0.81 (95% CI, 0.71-0.89)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The [(13) C]-S. platensis GEBT can accurately measure GE. While 5- and 9-samples are equally accurate for measuring t(50), GEBT9 provides a more comprehensive assessment of early GE (t(10) and GE(30)).
authors.affiliation: Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research and College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bharucha
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camilleri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Veil
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zinsmeister
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D053545:Spirulina; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes