title: Hop water extract inhibits double-stranded RNA-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin release from human nasal epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) acts as a master switch for allergic inflammation and plays a key role in allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) recognized by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) strongly activates TSLP release  from human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extracts have been shown to have potent pharmacologic effects on inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate whether a hop water extract (HWE) prevents TSLP release from HNECs, human telomerase reverse  transcriptase (hTERT)-transfected HNECs, used as a model of normal HNECs, were pretreated with HWE before treatment with the TLR3 ligand Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the hTERT-transfected HNECs, treatment with HWE significantly reduced poly(I:C)-induced  production and release of TSLP in a dose-dependent manner, as well as dexamethasone. Treatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X and NF-κB inhibitor IMD-0354 also reduced poly(I:C)-induced TSLP release from hTERT-transfected HNECs. Treatment with HWE efficiently prevented  up-regulation of PKC activity by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate but not NF-κB activity induced by IL-1β in hTERT-transfected HNECs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results clearly indicated that HWE inhibited dsRNA-induced production and release of TSLP via  a PKC signal pathway in HNECs and it may have potent preventive effects against allergic rhinitis.
authors.affiliation: Frontier Laboratories of Value Creation, Sapporo Breweries, Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuchimoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkuni
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondoh
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shigyo
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Himi
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawada
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D027582:Humulus; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D003907:Dexamethasone; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin