title: Unexpectedly high blood concentration of bisoprolol after an incorrect prescription: A case report.
abstract: An elderly person died of uncontrolled bradycardia in a hospital. The doctor had prescribed 1.35 mg of bisoprolol fumarate orally, but a nurse mistakenly gave the patient 10 mg of the drug 9 hours prior to her death. Bisoprolol was detected in her blood by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry at a concentration of 176 ng/mL. Even if the patient had chronic heart failure, this concentration is double the expected value. This patient was found to have a mutation within cytochrome P2D6, with thymidine substituted for cytosine at position 100 and cytosine for guanine at position 4180, causing proline to serine and threonine to serine amino acid substitutions. This mutation in the intermediate metabolizer allele reportedly reduces enzyme activity by half. However, in addition to the type of cytochrome P450 allelic variant, the amount of enzyme product influences metabolism of this drug. In this case, the high blood concentration of bisoprolol was only partly attributable to an error in prescription; its concentration was inexplicably high.
authors.affiliation: Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. hashiyad@forensic.med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashiyada
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashizaki
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: Yui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Igari
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funayama
mesh_terms: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D000368:Aged; D017298:Bisoprolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005260:Female; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008508:Medication Errors; D009154:Mutation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D017298:Bisoprolol