title: Renoprotective effects of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers in patients with proteinuric kidney diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have demonstrated a short-term antiproteinuric effect of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers (MRB) on proteinuric kidney diseases, but no information is available about the long-term persistence (>1 year) of such reduction in proteinuria and the long-term effects of MRB on renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied the effects of adding spironolactone (25 mg/day) to 87 patients who maintained proteinuria higher than 1 g/day in spite of renin-angiotensin system blockade. The mean follow-up was 25 ± 15 (1-84) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) showed an acute fall in the first month of treatment (5.1 ± 9.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), but it remained stable thereafter (+0.04 ± 0.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/month), with a significant difference with respect to the eGFR slope during the 12-month pre-treatment period. The initial eGFR fall predicted a more stable course of renal function, the higher the eGFR initial fall, the better the long-term evolution of eGFR. Proteinuria showed an important and sustained reduction since the first month of treatment. At the end of follow-up, it had decreased by 61% (43-77%) with respect to baseline values. The antiproteinuric and renoprotective influence of spironolactone was also observed in diabetic patients and in patients with renal function impairment, although tolerance was poorer among the latter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spironolactone induces an initial acute fall in eGFR that predicts a later favourable influence on the course of renal function and a remarkable and sustained reduction in proteinuria.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Victor Gutiérrez
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rojas-Rivera
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Solís
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Egido
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Praga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D013148:Spironolactone; D011188:Potassium