title: Safety of oral midazolam sedation use in paediatric dentistry: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information is available as to the safety of midazolam when used as an oral sedative.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the side effects and other adverse outcomes following use of oral midazolam for behaviour management in paediatric dentistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of published literature relating to the safety and side effects of oral midazolam for use in paediatric dental procedures was conducted. Both randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies were assessed. Reported side effects were recorded and classified as either significant or minor. The percentage prevalence of significant or minor side effects per episode of treatment was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen papers of randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. None of the side effects recorded were considered as significant. Minor side effects were reported (n = 68, 14%), with nausea and vomiting being the most frequently recorded (n = 30, 6%). Eleven papers of non-randomised studies were included. No significant side effects were recorded. Minor side effects were recorded (n = 157, 8%), with paradoxical reaction being the most common at 3.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant side effects associated with oral midazolam usage for behaviour management in children and adolescents requiring dental treatment appear to be rare. Minor side effects are more common but determining precise figures is complicated by poor reporting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Arathi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papineni
authors.forename: Liege
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lourenço-Matharu
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ashley
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010377:Pediatric Dentistry; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam