title: Expression of bile acid receptor TGR5 in gastric adenocarcinoma.
abstract: Bile reflux is a risk factor in the development of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach and is believed to function as an initiator of gastric carcinogenesis. However, whether the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 is expressed in this tumor is not known. In this study, we determined the expression of TGR5 in gastric adenocarcinoma and examined the role of TGR5 in cell proliferation. Strong TGR5 staining was present in 12% of cases of intestinal metaplasia but in no cases of normal gastric epithelium (P < 0.01). Moderate to strong TGR5 membranous and cytoplasmic staining was present in 52% of the intestinal but in only 25% of the diffuse subtype of adenocarcinomas (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier univariate survival analysis revealed that moderate to strong TGR5 staining was associated with decreased patient survival (P < 0.05). Treatment with taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA, a bile acid) significantly increased thymidine incorporation in the AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cell line, suggesting that bile acids may increase cell proliferation. This increase was significantly decreased by knockdown of TGR5 with TGR5 small-interfering RNA (siRNA). In addition, overexpression of TGR5 significantly enhanced TDCA-induced increases in thymidine incorporation. TGR5 is coupled with G(q)α and Gα(i-3) proteins. TDCA-induced increase in thymidine incorporation was significantly decreased by knockdown of G(q)α and Gα(i-3) with their siRNAs. We conclude that TGR5 is overexpressed in most gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinomas, and moderate to strong TGR5 staining is associated with decreased patient survival in all gastric adenocarcinomas. Bile acids increase cell proliferation via activation of TGR5 receptors and G(q)α and Gα(i-3) proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA. wcao@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Weibiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Lelia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Steven F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Murray B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Resnick
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013657:Taurodeoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C473772:GPBAR1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D013657:Taurodeoxycholic Acid; D013936:Thymidine