title: Association study of lipoprotein(a) genetic markers, traditional risk factors, and coronary heart disease in HIV-1-infected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  General population studies have shown associations between copy number variation (CNV) of the LPA gene Kringle-IV type-2 (KIV-2) coding region, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6415084 in LPA and coronary heart disease (CHD). Because risk factors for HIV-infected patients may differ from the general population, we aimed to assess whether these potential associations also occur in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A unicenter, retrospective, case-control (1:3) study. Eighteen HIV-patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were adjusted for age, gender, and time since HIV diagnosis to 54 HIV-patients without CHD. After gDNA extraction from frozen blood, both CNV and SNP genotyping were performed using real-time quantitative PCR. All genetic and non-genetic variables for AMI were assessed in a logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results did not confirm any association in terms of lipoprotein(a) LPA structural genetic variants when comparing KIV-2 CNV (p = 0.67) and SNP genotypes (p = 0.44) between AMI cases and controls. However, traditional risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and CD4(+) T cell count showed association (p < 0.05) with CHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although significant associations of AMI with diabetes, hypertension and CD4(+) T cell count in HIV-patients were found, this study could not confirm the feasibility neither of KIV-2 CNV nor rs6415084 in LPA as genetic markers of CHD in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ● Individuals with HIV infection are at higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) than the non-infected population.● Our results showed no evidence of LPA structural genetic variants associated with CHD in HIV-1-infected patients.● Associations were found between diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, CD4(+) T cell count, and CHD.● The clinical usefulness of these biomarkers to predict CHD in HIV-1-infected population remains unproven.● Further studies are needed to assess the contribution of common genetic variations to CHD in HIV-infected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Group of Genomics and Pharmacogenomics in HIV, Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic Barcelona Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lander
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Egaña-Gorroño
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Tuixent
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Escribà
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gatell
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnedo