title: Pain and disability following fusion for idiopathic adolescent scoliosis: prevalence and associated factors.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective prognostic study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of pain following fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and to identify factors associated with pain and disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 126 consecutive patients surgically treated for scoliosis between 1997 and 2007, 104 (82.5%) completed SRS-22 and ODI questionnaires at a last follow-up (mean, 4.8 years; range 1-11.2 years). Prevalence of pain and disability were determined from SRS questions 1 and 9 respectively, with "any" pain or decrease in activity considered clinically significant. SRS Pain Domain Scores (PDS) were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most participants reported "no pain" (38.5%) or "mild pain" (30.8%) and 72.1% of participants reported a current work/school activity level of 100% normal. An association between instrument type and the presence of any pain in the previous 6 months was noted (P = .022). Instrument type was the only factor that was significantly associated with the PDS (P = .0052).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high percentage of patients reporting no pain or mild pain may suggest overall success of the procedures. Although an association between instrument type and pain was seen, unmeasured factors that contributed to the decision of what instrument to use may confound the relationship. From these data a causal inference cannot be made.Final class of evidence-prognosisSTUDY DESIGNProspective CohortRetrospective Cohort•Case controlCase seriesMETHODSPatients at similar point in course of treatment•F/U ≥ 85%Similarity of treatment protocols for patient groupsPatients followed up long enough for outcomes to occur•Control for extraneous risk factors•*Overall class of evidenceIIIThe definiton of the different classes of evidence is available on page 55.*Potentially confounding factors were systematically explored and considered for stratified analysis as appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Service, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bas
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bas
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bas