title: Phosphodiesterase 8B gene polymorphism in women with recurrent miscarriage: a retrospective case control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent miscarriage affects approximately 1% of all couples. There is a known relation between hypothyroidism and recurrent miscarriage. Phosphodiesterase 8B (PDE8B) is a regulator of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) with important influence on human thyroid metabolism. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs 4704397 in the PDE8B gene has been shown to be associated with variations in serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) levels. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between the SNP rs 4704397 in the PDE8B gene and recurrent miscarriage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as a retrospective case control study. 188 cases with recurrent miscarriage were included and compared with 391 controls who had delivered at least once and with no history of miscarriage or assisted reproduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference between cases and controls concerning age was found. Bivariate associations between homozygous A/A (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.98-2.52) as well as G/G carriers (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.02-2.25) of SNP rs 4704397 in PDE8B and recurrent miscarriage were verified (test for trend across all 3 genotypes, p=0.059). After adjustment for known confounders such as age, BMI and smoking the association between homozygous A/A (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.01-2.64, p=0.045) and G/G (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.02-2.27, p=0.039) carriers of SNP rs 4704397 in PDE8B and recurrent miscarriage remained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that there is an association between homozygous A/A as well as homozygous G/G carriers of SNP rs 4704397 in PDE8B and recurrent miscarriage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. michaela.granfors@kbh.uu.se
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granfors
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karypidis
authors.forename: Frida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: Lottie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skjöldebrand-Sparre
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stavreus-Evers
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bremme
authors.forename: Britth-Marie
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Landgren
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sundström-Poromaa
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wikström
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Åkerud
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000235:genetics*; D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; C468781:PDE8B protein, human