title: Quantitative analysis of hepatic fat fraction by single-breath-holding MR spectroscopy with T₂ correction: phantom and clinical study with histologic assessment.
abstract: The focus of this study was on the investigation of the accuracy of the fat fraction of the liver by use of single-breath-holding magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with T                 (2) correction. Single-voxel proton MRS was performed with several TE values, and the fat fraction was determined with and without T                 (2) correction. MRS was also performed with use of the point-resolved spectroscopy sequence in single breath holding. The T                 (2) values of both water and fat were determined separately at the same time, and the effect of T                 (2) on the fat fraction was corrected. In addition, MRS-based fat fractions were compared with the degree of hepatic steatosis (HS) by liver biopsy in human subjects. With T                 (2) correction, the MRI-derived fat fractions were in good agreement with the fat fractions in all phantoms, but the fat fractions were overestimated without T                 (2) correction. R                 (2) values were in good agreement with the preset iron concentrations in the phantoms. The MRI-derived fat fraction was well correlated with the degree of HS. Iron deposited in the liver affects the signal strength when proton MRS is used for detection of the fat signal in the liver. However, the fat signal can be evaluated more accurately when the T                 (2) correction is applied. Breath-holding MRS minimizes the respiratory motion, and it can be more accurate in the quantification of the hepatic fat fraction.
authors.affiliation: School of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 323-1 Kamioki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan. hayashi@gchs.ac.jp
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Tosiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyati
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Yumie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Toshinari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takamura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Matsui
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D062485:Breath Holding; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D055815:Young Adult