title: Antimicrobial activity of Scutia buxifolia against the honeybee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae.
abstract: The honeybee disease American foulbrood (AFB) is a serious problem since its causative agent (Paenibacillus larvae) has become increasingly resistant to conventional antibiotics. One of the feasible alternative treatments being used for control of this disease are plants extracts. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of crude extract and fractions of Scutia buxifolia against six Paenibacillus species, including P. larvae, and its potential use for the control of AFB. In vitro activity of S. buxifolia samples against Paenibacillus species were evaluated by the disk diffusion and microdilution methods, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were also determined. All Paenibacillus species were sensitive to crude extract and fractions of S. buxifolia. The dichloromethane (DC) fraction showed the better MIC (1.56 mg/mL), followed by ethyl acetate (EtAc) (6.25 mg/mL), n-butanol (BuOH) (25 mg/mL) and Crude extract (CE) (50 mg/mL). Toxic effect of S. buxifolia crude extracts and fractions against bees were also evaluated by the spraying application method of the same concentrations of MICs. The samples tested showed no toxic effects for the bees after 15 days of observation. These results are first time described for this species and showed that S. buxifolia presented a important activity against Paenibacillus species and proved to be a natural alternative for the prevention/control of AFB.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. alineboligon@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Aline Augusti
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Boligon
authors.forename: Thiele Faccim de
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zadra
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piana
authors.forename: Camilla Filippi Dos Santos
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Viviane Pedroso
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Fausto
authors.forename: Valdir Dos Santos Barboza
authors.initials: Vdos S
authors.lastname: Júnior
authors.forename: Rodrigo de Almeida
authors.initials: Rde A
authors.lastname: Vaucher
authors.forename: Roberto Christ Vianna
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Margareth Linde
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Athayde
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001516:Bees / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects*; D056507:Paenibacillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D027823:Rhamnaceae
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts