title: A clinicopathological study of resected small-sized squamous cell carcinomas of the peripheral lung: prognostic significance of serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate common clinicopathological factors and clarify the prognostic factors of small-sized peripheral-lung squamous cell carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 71 patients with peripheral squamous cell carcinoma ≤3 cm in diameter, who were surgically treated between January 1989 and December 2010. Patients undergoing partial lung resection without lymph node dissection were excluded. The median follow-up for living patients was 63 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 83.9% and 74.7%, respectively.Although the ROC curve of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels showed marginally significance (P = 0.050), multivariate analyses revealed that age (P = 0.043), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004), and preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P = 0.037) were independent prognostic factors. For pathologic N0 patients, there was a significant difference for recurrence-free survival based on CEA levels: patients with normal CEA levels (n = 40), 5-year-recurrence-free rate = 93.5%;elevated CEA (n = 14), 5-year-recurrence-free rate = 72.7% (P = 0.0160). The distribution of tumor cells immunoreactive for CEA was significantly associated with serum CEA levels (P = 0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age, lymph node metastasis, and serum CEA level are independent prognostic factors for small-sized peripheral-lung squamous cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Japanese Foun dation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakao
authors.forename: Mingyon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Munetaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okumura
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen