title: Increased levels of soluble ICAM-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and resistant smokers are related to active smoking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Serum ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) is known to be a smoking-associated inflammatory marker, but data in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 142 COPD cases (48 active smokers) and 55 controls (41 active smokers) were consecutively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The peripheral blood concentrations of sICAM-1, IL-8 (CXCL8), CRP and serum amyloid A (SAA) were determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRP and SAA (log-scale) were elevated in the patients with COPD compared with the control subjects (p = 0.005 for CRP and p = 0.024 for SAA). sICAM-1 was associated with active smoking when corrected for age, gender, the presence of COPD, inhaled corticosteroid use, BMI and forced expiratory volume in 1 s as covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study confirms an association between sICAM-1 levels and active smoking in a group of COPD and non-COPD active smokers.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Medico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Avda Manual Siurot, s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain. lcampos@separ.es
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lopez-Campos
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calero
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arellano-Orden
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marquez-Martín
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cejudo-Ramos
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ortega Ruiz
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montes-Worboys
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D002908:Chronic Disease; D060467:Disease Resistance; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1