title: Up-regulated ATP-sensitive potassium channels play a role in increased inflammation and plaque vulnerability in macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ion channels expressed in monocytes/macrophages have been tightly attached to atherosclerosis by coupling cellular function with electrical activity. However, the function of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)) in atherosclerosis has not been investigated directly. This study was performed to explore its role in atherosclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ApoE(-/-) mice with collar placement and Ad5-CMV.p53 or lac Z gene transfer with or without intragastric administration glibenclamide were applied to establish the progressive atherosclerosis at different time points and detect the function of K(ATP) channel in atherosclerosis. The expression and distribution of K(ATP) subunits in plaques were examined and a correlation between K(ATP) subunits expressed in macrophages, mainly Kir6.2 and SUR2A, and the vulnerability index of plaques was observed. In vitro, glibenclamide and pinacidil were used to detect the function and mechanism of K(ATP) channels in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. And the data showed that glibenclamide could ameliorate the progress of atherosclerosis and reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines as well as the phosphorylation of p65 and ERK1/2, while inhibitors of p65 leaded to robust expression of K(ATP) subunits in macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that K(ATP) channels in monocytes/macrophages were up-regulated and correlated with increased inflammation in vulnerable plaques, while glibenclamide could rescue the progression. K(ATP) channels may stimulate inflammatory reaction by MAPKs/NF-κB pathways in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, QiLu Hospital, Shandong University, West Wenhua Road 107, Jinan 250012, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming-Ying
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020110:Pinacidil / Q000494:pharmacology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D054086:KATP Channels; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D020110:Pinacidil; D005905:Glyburide