title: Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces toxicity of PM(2.5) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells by upregulating intracellular antioxidative state.
abstract: Ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) is an important environmental pollutant responsible for many human diseases. Oxidative stress is suggested to be involved in PM-induced cell injury. The present study is designed to study unsalutary effects of the organic extracts of PM with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5μm (PM(2.5)) and protective effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) against PM(2.5) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Cytotoxic effects of the organic extract PM(2.5) on HUVECs were measured by means of HUVEC cell viability and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2 cytoplasm-nucleus location were assayed. The present results showed that PM(2.5) (50-800μg/ml) decreased HUVEC viability and increased intracellular generation of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) in a concentration dependent manner, but increased HO-1 expression without concentration dependence. Rg1 (10 and 40μg/ml) diminished PM(2.5)-induced HUVEC viability, decrease ROS and MDA generation, increased HO-1 and Nrf2 expression and promoted Nrf2 translocation to nucleus in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggested that organic extracts of PM(2.5) increase oxidative stress and decrease cell viability; Rg1 antagonize PM(2.5)-induced excess oxidative stress; HO-1 expression increase and Nrf2 translocation to nucleus may be involved in the effects of both PM(2.5) and Rg1 on HUVECs.
authors.affiliation: The Fist Clinical Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Cai-ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Rui-zan
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Ming-sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ji-yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000975:Antioxidants; D036145:Ginsenosides; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1