title: Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for human leukocyte antigen-B genotype and allopurinol dosing.
abstract: Allopurinol is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. However, allopurinol is also one of the most common causes of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), which include drug hypersensitivity syndrome, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. A variant allele of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B, HLA-B*58:01, associates strongly with allopurinolinduced SCAR. We have summarized the evidence from the published literature and developed peer-reviewed guidelines for allopurinol use based on HLA-B genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hershfield
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Callaghan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tassaneeyakul
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mushiroda
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Thorn
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: M T M
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005838:Genotype; D006073:Gout / Q000188:drug therapy; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D013262:Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006074:Gout Suppressants; D015235:HLA-B Antigens; C500126:HLA-B*58:01 antigen; D000493:Allopurinol