title: The Global Body Examination (GBE). A useful instrument for evaluation of respiration.
abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Assessment of respiration is important in medicine and physical therapy. As respiration is multifaceted, we need several specific examination methods. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for examination of visible respiratory movements, by extracting from two examinations the items with best ability to discriminate among healthy controls, patients with pain disorders and patients with psychotic disorders.  METHODS: Two physiotherapists independently examined 132 individuals (34 healthy persons, 32 with localized pain, 32 with widespread pain and 34 with psychoses). Items were assigned to subscales by explorative factor analysis. Internal consistency of subscales was examined with Cronbach's alpha. To examine validity, one-way analysis of variance and the area under the curve (AUC) were used.  RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED FOUR SUBSCALES: Tension, Position of Thorax, Basal respiration and Thoracic movements. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.75 to 0.86. The subscales' discriminating ability was excellent between healthy controls and patients, and fair between patients with localized pain and the two other patient groups.  CONCLUSIONS: The respiration domain of the new Global Body Examination has 21 items, which comprise four subscales with high internal consistency and good ability to discriminate between healthy persons and patients with pain disorders or psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Department of Research and Development, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital Aker ,  Oslo ,  Norway.
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friis
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kvåle
authors.forename: Stein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Opjordsmoen
authors.forename: Berit H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bunkan