title: Lithospermic acid and ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rat small intestine prevention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I-R) injury of different causes, including cardiac insufficiency, sepsis, vasodepressant and cardiodepressant drugs, and complications of long-lasting surgery, represents a major clinical problem.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether lithospermic acid (LA) can reduce oxidative stress and histological damage in the rat small bowel subjected to mesenteric I-R injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on three groups of animals, each composed of 7 rats: the SO (sham operation) group, the I-R/Untreated group and the I-R/LA (I-R plus LA pretreatment) group. Intestinal ischemia for 45 minutes and reperfusion for 60 minutes were applied. Ileum specimens were obtained to determine the tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and histological changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Untreated intestinal I-R resulted in increased tissue MDA and MPO levels and diminished SOD and GPx activities. These changes were found to be almost reversed in the LA treatment group. Histopathologically, the intestinal injury in rats treated with LA was less than the untreated I-R group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lithospermic acid attenuates mesenteric ischemia reperfusion injury in rat intestines by increasing tissue SOD and GPx activities and decreasing MDA and MPO levels. Lithospermic acid also improves morphological alterations which occurred after periods of reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Medical School, Bolu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hulya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Elcin Hakan
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Terzi
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozgen
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Hayrettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozturk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D053630:Depsides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D053630:Depsides; C046833:lithospermic acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase