title: Monolithic columns in plant proteomics and metabolomics.
abstract: Since "omics" techniques emerged, plant studies, from biochemistry to ecology, have become more comprehensive. Plant proteomics and metabolomics enable the construction of databases that, with the help of genomics and informatics, show the data obtained as a system. Thus, all the constituents of the system can be seen with their interactions in both space and time. For instance, perturbations in a plant ecosystem as a consequence of application of herbicides or exposure to pollutants can be predicted by using information gathered from these databases. Analytical chemistry has been involved in this scientific evolution. Proteomics and metabolomics are emerging fields that require separation, identification, and quantification of proteins, peptides, and small molecules of metabolites in complex biological samples. The success of this work relies on efficient chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques, and on mass spectrometric detection. This paper reviews recent developments in the use of monolithic columns, focusing on their applications in "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches, including their use as supports for immobilization of proteolytic enzymes and their use in two-dimensional and multidimensional chromatography. Whereas polymeric columns have been predominantly used for separation of proteins and polypeptides, silica-based monoliths have been more extensively used for separation of small molecules of metabolites. Representative applications in proteomics and in analysis of plant metabolites are given and summarized in tables.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 26077, 05513-970, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. rmmarilda@gmail.com
authors.forename: Marilda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rigobello-Masini
authors.forename: José Carlos Pires
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Penteado
authors.forename: Jorge Cesar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Masini
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins