title: A new tool for real-time pain assessment in experimental and clinical environments.
abstract: Pain measurement largely depends on the ability to rate personal subjective pain. Nevertheless, pain scales can be difficult to use during medical procedures. We hypothesized that pain can be expressed intuitively and in real-time by squeezing a pressure sensitive device. We developed such a device called "Painmouse(®)" and tested it on healthy volunteers and patients in two separate studies: Sixteen male participants rated different painful heat stimuli via Painmouse(®) and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Retest was done one week later. Participants clearly distinguished four distinct pain levels using both methods. Values from the first and second sessions were comparable. Thereafter, we tested the Painmouse(®) by asking twelve female and male leg- ulcer patients to continuously squeeze it during the whole length of their wound-dressing change. Patients rated each step of dressing change on an 11-point numeric rating scale. Painmouse(®) ratings were highest for the wound cleaning and debridement step. Application of the new dressing was not evaluated as very painful. On the other hand, numeric scale ratings did not differentiate between dressing change steps. We conclude that the Painmouse(®) enables pain assessment even under difficult clinical circumstances, such as during a medical treatment in elderly patients.
authors.affiliation: Collegium Helveticum, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schaffner
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Folkers
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Käppeli
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musholt
authors.forename: Günther F L
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Hofbauer
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Candia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001458:Bandages; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors