title: The potential of gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) and Tween-80 induced phytoremediation of co-contamination of Cd and Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) using Tagetes patula.
abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of GA(3) and Tween-80 on enhancing the phytoremediation of Cd-B[a]P co-contaminated soils. Results showed that the addition of GA(3) and GA(3)-Tween-80 enhanced Tagetes patula growth by 14%-32% and 23%-55%, respectively, relative to the control group. However, under independent GA(3)-treated soils, Cd and B[a]P concentrations in the shoots of the plants decreased by 15%-33% and 15%-53%, respectively, compared with CK. By contrast, the shoot concentration and accumulation of Cd under GA(3)-Tween-80 treatment increased by 0.01-0.46 and 1.33-1.55 times, respectively, whereas those of B[a]P increased from 0.57 to 0.82, and 1.33 to 1.55 times, respectively, compared with those of the control. Optimal result for Cd phytoextraction was obtained under combined 5 mmol Tween-80 kg(-1) and 1 mmol GA(3) kg(-1) treatment, and the maximum removal rate of B[a]P was obtained after the application of 5 mmol Tween-80 kg(-1) and 5 mmol GA(3) kg(-1).
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Production Environment and Agro-product Safety, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
authors.forename: Yuebing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yingming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qixing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dasong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D001580:Benzopyrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D031686:Tagetes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001580:Benzopyrenes; D005875:Gibberellins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D011136:Polysorbates; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D002104:Cadmium; C007842:gibberellic acid