title: Palate lengthening by buccinator myomucosal flaps for velopharyngeal insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE : To assess the outcome of palate lengthening by myomucosal buccinator flaps for velopharyngeal insufficiency both in terms of speech and changes in palate length. DESIGN : Thirty-two consecutive patients who underwent the buccinator flap procedure were reviewed retrospectively. Palate length and the presence or absence of a velopharyngeal gap were assessed on pre- and postoperative videofluoroscopic recordings using a calibrated image analysis system. Hypernasality, nasal emission, nasal turbulence, and passive cleft type articulation errors were evaluated blindly by a speech-language pathologist external to the team using pre- and postoperative speech recordings. SETTING : Multidisciplinary cleft team based in a tertiary referral center. Results : In 81% of patients, speech outcome was such that no further velopharyngeal surgery was considered necessary at the time of follow-up. The buccinator flap procedure resulted in a mean palate lengthening of 7.5 mm (±5.5 SD). After the operation, there was a complete elimination of the velopharyngeal gap on lateral videofluoroscopy in 77% of patients. There were significant decreases in hypernasality ratings and passive cleft type articulation errors postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palatal lengthening with myomucosal buccinator flaps in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency is effective and safe. It has become one of our routinely practiced procedures for velopharyngeal insufficiency.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hens
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinkstone
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sommerlad
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kangesu
mesh_terms: D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery