title: Rapid diagnosis of retina and optic nerve abnormalities in canine patients with and without cataracts using chromatic pupil light reflex testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop fast and reliable testing routines for diagnosing retina and optic nerve diseases in canine cataract patients based on chromatic properties of the pupillary light reflex response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven canine patients with a history of cataract and decreased vision (43 patients with cataracts and no evidence of retina or optic nerve disease, 21 patients with cataracts and retinal degeneration [RD], 13 patients with cataracts and retinal detachment [RDT]), 11 canine patients with optic neuritis (ON) and 23 healthy dogs were examined using chromatic pupillary light reflex (cPLR) analysis with red and blue light and electroretinography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electroretinography analysis showed statistically significant deficits in a- and b-wave amplitudes in dogs with cataracts and RD, or cataracts and RDT, when compared to dogs with cataracts without evidence of retinal abnormalities. Evaluation of b-wave amplitudes showed that presence of 78.5-μV (or lower) amplitudes had high sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 87.2-100%) and high specificity of 96.7% (95% CI: 88.4-100%) in RD and RDT. Evaluation of cPLR responses using red light showed that presence of the pupil end constriction diameter of 5.5 mm (or higher) had moderately high sensitivity of 76.5% (95% CI: 50.1-93.2%) and high specificity of 100% (95% CI: 91.2-100%) in detecting RD and RDT. Optic neuritis patients had absent cPLR responses, regardless of the visual status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chromatic evaluation of the pupillary light reflex is a rapid and accurate test for diagnosing retina and optic nerve diseases in canine patients.
authors.affiliation: Animal Eye Consultants of Iowa, 25 E Weston Drive, North Liberty, IA 52317, USA. sgrozdan@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sinisa D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Grozdanic
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kecova
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lazic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002386:Cataract / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000662:veterinary; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000473:pathology*; D012025:Reflex, Pupillary / Q000502:physiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000662:veterinary*