title: [« Double flag » flap nipple reconstruction. Clinical evaluation on 70 cases].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since 2004, we have chosen a nipple reconstruction with a "double flag" local flap. We have retrospectively assessed its results in the long term and identified the factors likely to influence them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy reconstructions have been analyzed through a subjective study and objective one through measures of size and the projection of the nipple.
  
  
  RESULTS
  They were examined in an average of 15months. The result was found satisfying for 74% of the patients and 66% of the clinician. The diameter of new nipple was 12.6mm (less 1mm than controlateral). The average height was 4.9mm and an average projection ratio was 0.8 (between reconstructed and controlateral). The limit of satisfaction of the patients and of the surgeon corresponded to a 0.7 projection ratio. We observed 4% of complete necroses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results, compared to those of the literature, are very encouraging. The tegument quality of the reconstructed breast has a great influence on that of the nipple.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique, CHU de Grenoble, 38700 La Tronche, France. Electronic address: agrosdidier@chu-grenoble.fr.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grosdidier
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique, CHU de Grenoble, 38700 La Tronche, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lebeau
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique, CHU de Grenoble, 38700 La Tronche, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ochala
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie, CHU de Grenoble, 38700 La Tronche, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Payan
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique, CHU de Grenoble, 38700 La Tronche, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bettega
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome