title: Cardiovascular diseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study cardiovascular autopsy findings and the lifetime prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 369 RA patients and their reference cases without any rheumatic disease (non-RA), we studied CVDs recorded on autopsy reports at consecutive autopsies from 1952 to 1991. From autopsy referrals by clinicians, we recorded lifetime CVDs. In RA patients autopsied from 1973, we evaluated clinical data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1952 to 1991, RA patients had, compared with non-RA, myocardial infarction (MI; 26% vs. 41%) and cerebral infarction (14% vs. 28%) less frequently but cardiac amyloidosis (28% vs. 3%), pericarditis (27% vs. 8%), and diffuse myocardial abnormality (21% vs. 11%) more frequently reported at autopsy. Of RA patients autopsied from 1973, 40% had had a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) and coronary heart disease (CHD) during their lifetime. The RA patients with CHF had a higher mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) than those without CHF. In RA patients, MI or myocardial abnormality at autopsy had no such correlation. In RA, male sex, ischaemic electrocardiogram changes, diabetes, hypertensive disease, and severe radiographic changes typical for RA were associated with MI detected at autopsy. No such associations emerged with respect to diffuse myocardial abnormality. When disorders potentially causing diffuse myocardial damage were excluded, RA patients had, on autopsy reports, compared to non-RA, diffuse myocardial abnormality more frequently (21% vs. 12%, p = 0.002). Cardiac amyloidosis showed no correlation to this.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RA patients seem to have an increased risk for myocardial damage. The influence of inflammation on the myocardium in RA needs further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. riitta.koivuniemi@hus.fi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koivuniemi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paimela
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suomalainen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leirisalo-Repo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000686:Amyloidosis; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications*; D001344:Autopsy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries