title: Mixed infection in the anteater Tamandua tetradactyla (Mammalia: Pilosa) from Pará State, Brazil: Trypanosoma cruzi, T. rangeli and Leishmania infantum.
abstract: Some Trypanosoma and Leishmania species are multi-host parasites whose distribution overlaps in several parts of the Brazilian Amazon basin. Despite being a common trait among wild mammals, mixed infections and their consequences for the host's health and parasite transmission are still a poorly known phenomenon. Here we describe a triple mixed infection - Trypanosoma cruzi, T. rangeli and Leishmania infantum - in a bone marrow sample from an anteater Tamandua tetradactyla captured in a house backyard from the endemic Abaetetuba municipality in the Amazon basin. T. cruzi was also isolated from blood samples. The mini-exon multiplex PCR characterization detected the infection by T. rangeli and T. cruzi (TcI genotype), while L. infantum infection was confirmed by an ITS-PCR followed by amplicon sequencing. This is the first description of T. rangeli isolation from bone marrow and the first report of L. infantum infection in xenarthrans. The implications of this finding are discussed considering the influence of mixed infections in the role of this mammal species as a putative reservoir host of these 3 trypanosomatid species.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Trypanosomatid Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Zip Code 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vitor Antônio L
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: De Araújo
authors.forename: Mariana C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boité
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cupolillo
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: André Luiz R
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Roque
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood / Q000469:parasitology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000469:parasitology; D001938:Brazil; D060085:Coinfection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000469:parasitology; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004490:Xenarthra / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer