title: Evaluation of the psychological and biological changes of patients diagnosed with benign and malignant breast tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder developed by exposure to any incident or circumstance that results in psychological trauma. In this study we compared the psychological and physiological changes between patients with malignant and benign breast tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 150 Chinese women with a breast mass, aged 20 to 45 years, from the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between 2009 and 2011 for this study; 30 healthy participants were enrolled into the control group. All subjects were examined and had their tumor mass aspirated for diagnosis. Equal numbers of patients with benign and malignant tumors were recruited. Patients with malignant tumors presented with low grade, minimal tumor invasion and non-involved lymph nodes. Questionnaires regarding anxiety, depression and PTSD were conducted 2 hours before getting the diagnostic result and 1 month after the diagnosis. Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, cortisol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein before and after diagnosis were investigated and compared. The number of occurrences of oral ulcerative mucositis was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients experienced a certain degree of anxiety and their biomarkers were elevated compared with the normal reference range before the pathological report was disclosed. However, 1 month after the operation, the benign tumor group showed significantly lower levels of biomarkers and anxiety scores than patients with a malignant breast tumor. The results were consistent throughout 12 months of study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study subjects with a benign tumor returned to their normal condition after being diagnosed, while patients with a malignant tumor suffered from a certain degree of PTSD or depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Lan-jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wings T Y
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Rebecca W Y
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Louis W C
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Mary N B
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Kelly Y R
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Adrian Y S
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Elizabeth L Y
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor