title: [Neoliberalism in health: the torture of the health care workers of the Bogota's Instituto Materno Infantil (child and maternity hospital)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To link, from a historical point of view, the most significant transformations of the Instituto Materno Infantil (IMI) [the oldest child and maternity hospital of the country] during its process of crisis, closure and liquidation with the experiences of the hospital workers. To find experience-based and theoretical elements that can interconnect the process of health care privatization of the country with the workers' experiences of resistance and pain/suffering.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critically-oriented ethnography based on continuous collective field work, historical research (primary and secondary sources) and semi-structured interviews with 5 women who worked at the IMI for more than 15 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A time line of 4 main periods: Los años de gloria [The golden years] (up to 1990); Llega el neoliberalismo [Neoliberalism arrives] (1990-2000); La crisis y las resistencias [Crisis and resistances] (2001-2005); and Liquidación [Liquidation (2006-20??)]. The narratives of the interviewed women unveil multiple aggressions that have intensified since 2006, have caused pain and suffering and are examples of violations of human and labour rights.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest to analyze the links between the different kinds of violence and pain and suffering as torture. This category is defined as the set of violent actions that cause physical and emotional pain, which are performed by actors in positions of power over other people who challenge that power and are part of modern States' ideological principles around a defined moral social order. For the IMI workers' case, the ideological principle that is being challenged is health care neoliberalism. From the analyses of bureaucracy, confinement, torturing agents, and the breaking-off of the body-mind unit we conclude that this relationship between neoliberalism and torture aims to eliminate the last health care workers of the country who had job stability and full-benefits through public labour contracts. Their elimination furthers the accumulation of capital generated by increasing over-exploitation of labour and commodification of health care.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. ceabadiab@unal.edu.co
authors.forename: César B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Abadía
authors.forename: María Y A
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Pinilla
authors.forename: Katerine R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ariza
authors.forename: Héctor C S
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ruíz
mesh_terms: D003105:Colombia; D032821:Commodification; D032982:Contracts / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004651:Employment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005260:Female; D006271:Health Facility Closure / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008430:Maternal-Child Health Centers / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D020415:Personnel Downsizing / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D011057:Politics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011640:Public Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000639:trends; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012922:Social Change; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D014104:Torture / Q000523:psychology; D014478:Unemployment / Q000523:psychology*