title: Evaluation of an ICF-based patient education programme for stroke patients: a randomized, single-blinded, controlled, multicentre trial of the effects on self-efficacy, life satisfaction and functioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a current need for interventions that provide information to stroke survivors in a patient-centred, interactive, personalized and flexible manner. To this purpose, a standardized but content-flexible patient education programme based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was developed. This study evaluated the effect of this programme on perceived self-efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-blind, randomized, multi-centre controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stroke patients undergoing neurological rehabilitation were enrolled. Perceived self-efficacy was measured with the Liverpool Self-Efficacy Scale. Secondary outcomes were life satisfaction and self-perception of the impact of the stroke on life, measured with the WHOQOL and the Stroke Impact Scale, respectively. Data obtained at baseline, post-intervention and 6-month follow-up were analysed using multi-level models of change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and thirteen patients received either the ICF-based patient education (n = 110) or an attention-placebo (n = 103) control intervention. Over time, patients' self-efficacy (p < .01) and participation (p < .01) improved, while emotional functioning (p < .01) deteriorated, although no significant between-group differences were observed. Explorative analyses showed that gender, loci of control, difficulty in accessing health services after discharge and life satisfaction were significant predictors of self-efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant benefit of the ICF-based patient education in comparison with an attention-placebo control group. Considering the importance of the programme for the further implementation of the ICF and the need of developing effective health education interventions for stroke, the methodology used was reviewed and an updated version proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Research Unit for Biopsychosocial Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sabariego
authors.forename: Andrea E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neubert
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stier-Jarmer
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bostan
authors.forename: Alarcos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cieza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064702:International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome