title: Ibuprofen reduces zebrafish PGE(2) levels but steroid hormone levels and reproductive parameters are not affected.
abstract: Prostaglandins are important regulators of reproductive function in fish. Analgesics like aspirin and ibuprofen are prostaglandin inhibitors and have been detected in freshwater systems at ng/L-μg/L levels. We investigated whether ibuprofen would affect prostaglandin and sex steroid hormone levels in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) and if expression levels of genes involved in steroidogenesis and prostaglandin synthesis were affected. Zebrafish were exposed to moderate concentrations of ibuprofen (21, 201 or 506 μg/L) for 7 days in a semi-static test system. Ibuprofen concentrations were close to nominal levels and decreased by a maximum of 12-13% over 24 h. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) levels in whole body homogenates of males and ovaries of females decreased in a monotonic dose-response relationship whereas male 11-ketotestosterone levels and ovarian 17β-estradiol levels remained unchanged. Ibuprofen did not have an influence on vitellogenin levels, female gonadosomatic index or cumulative egg production and no dose-response relationship in ovarian and testicular expression levels of the investigated genes was observed. This study shows that ibuprofen reduces PGE(2) levels in male and female zebrafish but has no consistent effects on other investigated reproductive parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1. Jamor@biology.sdu.dk
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Morthorst
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lister
authors.forename: Poul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bjerregaard
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Der Kraak
mesh_terms: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014819:Vitellogenins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D015232:Dinoprostone; C003600:11-ketotestosterone; D007052:Ibuprofen