title: Reduction in radiation and contrast medium dose via optimization of low-kilovoltage CT protocols using a hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithm at 256-slice body CT: phantom study and clinical correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To optimize low-kilovoltage (kV) computed tomography (CT) protocols using a hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) algorithm at 256-detector-row body CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on preliminary phantom studies, three different tube voltage protocols with an equal contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were developed. They were a conventional 120 kV protocol with filtered back-projection (FBP), an 80 kV protocol with HIR (a 160% increase in the tube current-time product and a 40% reduction in the contrast medium dose), and a 100 kV protocol with HIR (a 20% reduction in the tube current-time product and the contrast medium dose). The clinical study included 70 patients (34 women, 36 men; mean age 70.5 ± 9.1 years, range 44-92 years) who had undergone CT at 120 kV a mean of 148 ± 137 days before undergoing low kV contrast-enhanced body CT (80 kV with HIR, n = 35; 100 kV with HIR, n = 35). The estimated effective radiation dose (ED), image noise, and CNR were calculated and the visual image quality was scored on a four-point scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean ED was 12.3, 8.4, and 15.4 mSv for the 80, 100, and 120 kV protocol, respectively, and significantly lower using the low kV protocols. There was no significant difference in the image noise and CNR between the low kV protocols with HIR and the 120 kV protocol with FBP, or in the visual scores among the three protocols.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Without ensuing image-quality degradation, the radiation and contrast medium dose can be reduced with optimal contrast-enhanced CT protocols using a low kV technique and an HIR algorithm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Itatani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Funama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katahira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Namimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol