title: A comparison of different types of hazardous material respirators available to anesthesiologists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite anesthesiology personnel involvement in initial treatment of patients exposed to potentially lethal agents, less than 40 percent of US anesthesiology training programs conduct training to manage these patients.(1) No previous studies have evaluated performance of anesthesiologists wearing protective gear. The authors compared the performance of anesthesiologists intubating a high-fidelity mannequin while wearing either a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) or a negative pressure respirator (NPR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty participants practiced intubations on a high-fidelity simulator until comfortable. Each subject performed 10 repetitions, initially without any gear, then while wearing a protective suit, gloves, and respirator. The order of gear use was randomized and all subjects used both devices. Time for task completion were recorded, and at the end of the trial, subjects were asked to rate their comfort with the equipment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for other variables, overall statistically slower total performance times were observed with use of the PAPR when compared to the control arm and use of the NPR (p 5 0.01 and p < 0.007, respectively). Of the total 90 intubations, only one proved to be esophageal and initially undetected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of an NPR or PAPR does not preclude an anesthesiologist from successfully intubating, but practice is necessary. The slightly better performance with the NPR is weighed against the improved comfort of the PAPR and the fact that PAPR users could wear eyeglasses. Neither type of gear allowed the users to auscultate the lung fields to confirm correct endotracheal tube placement.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Research, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Candiotti
authors.forename: Yiliam
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shekhter
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castillo-Pedraza
authors.forename: Lisa Forman
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Kristopher L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Arheart
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Birnbach
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004867:Equipment Design; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008348:Manikins; D016272:Occupational Health; D012134:Respiratory Protective Devices; D015919:Ventilators, Negative-Pressure
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances