title: Squamous cell carcinoma in bladder exstrophy: a rare entity.
abstract: Carcinomas arising from an exstrophic urinary bladder are rare entities, and only seven such cases have been reported in the literature. We present the eighth case of advanced squamous cell carcinoma arising from an exstrophic bladder, with a pertinent review of the literature. The mean age of the patients was 54.9 years, with a male to female ratio of 3:1. The average duration of symptoms was 18.6 months. The appearance of a new growth was the most common symptom. Three patients had stage I disease, one patient each had stage II and III disease, two patients had stage IV disease, and the disease stage was not known in one patient. Five out of these eight patients underwent surgery. Four patients in the treatment group remained disease-free, with a mean survival period of 30 months. In conclusion, regular surveillance with cystoscopy is advised in all cases that had primary closure of the exstrophic bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, NJ 07039, USA. drpatil_sachin@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Sudhir Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Ramchandra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaza
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010385:Pelvic Exenteration / Q000379:methods; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery