title: Indications for eye removal in southern Nigeria.
abstract: To determine the trend in frequency and clinical indications of surgical removal of eyes in a tertiary eye centre in Calabar, Nigeria. This is a 10-year retrospective review of patients who underwent surgical removal of eyes in a tertiary centre. The clinical records were reviewed (between Jan 2001 and Dec 2010) for demographic data, type of surgery, and clinical indications. A total of 137 eyes were surgically removed within the study period. Of these 46 were children (<16 years). There were 85 males and 52 females giving a M:F ratio of 1.6:1. Clinical indications for surgical eye removal include infective causes (32.1 %; perforated corneal ulcers, endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis), trauma (21.2 %), tumours (21.2 %), anterior staphyloma (13.1 %), and painful blind eyes (9.5 %). Phthisis bulbi, expulsive haemorrhage and aphakic bullous keratopathy accounted for the remaining 2.8 %. The eyes were removed by evisceration (63.5 %), enucleation (29.9 %) and modified exenteration (6.6 %). The commonest indication for eye removal in children was tumour (retinoblastoma). Eye removal in southern Nigeria is often due to infective causes (panophthalmitis and endophthalmitis), perforated corneal ulcer, mechanical trauma (blunt or open globe injury from gunshots or direct trauma), chemical burns, tumours, persistently painful blind eye and anterior staphyloma. Other indications for eye removal were phthisis bulbi, expulsive haemorrhage and aphakic bullous keratopathy.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. draffiongibanga@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Affiong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ibanga
authors.forename: Uduak
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Asana
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nkanga
authors.forename: Roseline
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: Bassey
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Etim
authors.forename: Olugbemisola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oworu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D015353:Eye Enucleation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D017234:Eye Evisceration / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D055815:Young Adult