title: Default mode network in young people with familial risk for psychosis--the Oulu Brain and Mind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The default mode network (DMN) is active in the brain at rest and de-activated during cognitive tasks. Abnormal function in the DMN has been reported in people with schizophrenia but it is not known whether this applies also to people with a familial risk for psychosis (FR). We compared the activity of the DMN between FR participants and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a resting state functional MRI (R-fMRI) in 72 young adults without psychosis and with a history of psychosis in one or both parents (FR group) and 72 age matched controls without parental psychosis, and without current psychosis or a current prodromal syndrome. Both groups were drawn from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (Oulu Brain and Mind study). Parental psychosis was established using the Finnish hospital discharge register. We pre-processed R-fMRI data using independent component analysis followed by a dual regression approach to assess differences between the groups. The FR vs. Control group differences were assessed using non-parametric permutation tests utilizing threshold-free cluster enhancement and correcting for multiple comparisons (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  FR participants demonstrated significantly lower activity compared with controls in the posterior cingulate cortex, the central node of the DMN. The size of the region was 41 mm(3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activity of the DMN differed between FR and control groups. This suggests that familial risk for psychotic disorders may be mediated through genetic effects on connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland. tuomas.jukuri@ppshp.fi
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jukuri
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kiviniemi
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nikkinen
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miettunen
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mäki
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jääskeläinen
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukkala
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koivukangas
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nordström
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taanila
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinimaa
authors.forename: Jennifer H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Graham K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veijola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012042:Registries; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult