title: Diploid, but not haploid, human embryonic stem cells can be derived from microsurgically repaired tripronuclear human zygotes.
abstract: Human embryonic stem cells have shown tremendous potential in regenerative medicine, and the recent progress in haploid embryonic stem cells provides new insights for future applications of embryonic stem cells. Disruption of normal fertilized embryos remains controversial; thus, the development of a new source for human embryonic stem cells is important for their usefulness. Here, we investigated the feasibility of haploid and diploid embryo reconstruction and embryonic stem cell derivation using microsurgically repaired tripronuclear human zygotes. Diploid and haploid zygotes were successfully reconstructed, but a large proportion of them still had a tripolar spindle assembly. The reconstructed embryos developed to the blastocyst stage, although the loss of chromosomes was observed in these zygotes. Finally, triploid and diploid human embryonic stem cells were derived from tripronuclear and reconstructed zygotes (from which only one pronucleus was removed), but haploid human embryonic stem cells were not successfully derived from the reconstructed zygotes when two pronuclei were removed. Both triploid and diploid human embryonic stem cells showed the general characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. These results indicate that the lower embryo quality resulting from abnormal spindle assembly contributed to the failure of the haploid embryonic stem cell derivation. However, the successful derivation of diploid embryonic stem cells demonstrated that microsurgical tripronuclear zygotes are an alternative source of human embryonic stem cells. In the future, improving spindle assembly will facilitate the application of triploid zygotes to the field of haploid embryonic stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000379:methods; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D011003:Ploidies; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000473:pathology; D015053:Zygote / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology