title: Effects of different extracts of Eugenia caryophyllata on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possible anticonvulsant effect of different extracts of Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were divided into saline, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of aqueous extract, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of ethanolic extract, and 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of chloroformic extract of clove groups. The extracts or saline were injected 60 min before each PTZ injection. Latency to the first minimal clonic seizure (MCS) and generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) and the percent of mortality were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aqueous extract of clove at doses of 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly extended the MCS and GTCS latency (P<0.05). The MCS latency in mice treated with 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract was significantly increased (P<0.05). The GTCS latency in mice treated with 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of ethanolic extract was significantly higher than that of the saline-treated group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in MCS and GTCS latency between mice treated with different chloroformic extract of clove or saline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of clove could inhibit the PTZ-induced convulsion, and this plant has the potential to be used as a new therapeutic agent for control of seizures. The exact mechanisms and the active compounds that are responsible for the anticonvulsive effect need to be clarified in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Hosseinim@mums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: Taha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jafarianheris
authors.forename: Navid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seddighi
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parvaneh
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghorbani
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Sadeghnia
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rakhshandeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole