title: An eprinomectin extended-release injection formulation providing nematode control in cattle for up to 150 days.
abstract: A series of 10 dose confirmation studies was conducted to evaluate the persistent activity of an extended-release injectable (ERI) formulation of eprinomectin against single point challenge infections of gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes of cattle. The formulation, selected based on the optimal combination of high nematode efficacy, appropriate plasma profile, and satisfactory tissue residue levels, includes 5% poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA) and is designed to deliver eprinomectin at a dose of 1.0mg/kg bodyweight. Individual studies, included 16-30 cattle blocked based on pre-treatment bodyweight and randomly allocated to treatment with either ERI vehicle or saline (control), or the selected Eprinomectin ERI formulation. Treatments were administered once at a dose volume of 1 mL/50 kg bodyweight by subcutaneous injection in front of the shoulder. In each study, cattle were challenged with a combination of infective stages of gastrointestinal and/or pulmonary nematodes 100, 120 or 150 days after treatment and were processed for parasite recovery according to standard techniques 25-30 days after challenge. Based on parasite counts, Eprinomectin ERI (1mg eprinomectin/kg bodyweight) provided >90% efficacy (p<0.05) against challenge with Cooperia oncophora and Cooperia surnabada at 100 days after treatment; against challenge with Ostertagia ostertagi, Ostertagia lyrata, Ostertagia leptospicularis, Ostertagia circumcincta, Ostertagia trifurcata, Trichostrongylus axei, and Cooperia punctata at 120 days after treatment; and against challenge with Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Oesophagostomum radiatum and Dictyocaulus viviparus at 150 days after treatment. Results of a study to evaluate eprinomectin plasma levels in cattle treated with the Eprinomectin ERI formulation reveal a characteristic second plasma concentration peak and a profile commensurate with the duration of efficacy. These results confirm that the Eprinomectin ERI formulation can provide high levels of parasite control against a range of nematodes of cattle for up to 5 months following a single treatment.
authors.affiliation: Merial Limited, Duluth, GA 30096-4640, USA. mark.soll@merial.com
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Soll
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Kunkle
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Royer
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Yazwinski
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Baggott
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wehner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rehbein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D007267:Injections; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D007559:Ivermectin; C101434:eprinomectin