title: GalenOWL: Ontology-based drug recommendations discovery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of drug-drug and drug-diseases interactions can pose a difficult problem to cope with, as the increasingly large number of available drugs coupled with the ongoing research activities in the pharmaceutical domain, make the task of discovering relevant information difficult. Although international standards, such as the ICD-10 classification and the UNII registration, have been developed in order to enable efficient knowledge sharing, medical staff needs to be constantly updated in order to effectively discover drug interactions before prescription. The use of Semantic Web technologies has been proposed in earlier works, in order to tackle this problem.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This work presents a semantic-enabled online service, named GalenOWL, capable of offering real time drug-drug and drug-diseases interaction discovery. For enabling this kind of service, medical information and terminology had to be translated to ontological terms and be appropriately coupled with medical knowledge of the field. International standards such as the aforementioned ICD-10 and UNII, provide the backbone of the common representation of medical data, while the medical knowledge of drug interactions is represented by a rule base which makes use of the aforementioned standards. Details of the system architecture are presented while also giving an outline of the difficulties that had to be overcome. A comparison of the developed ontology-based system with a similar system developed using a traditional business logic rule engine is performed, giving insights on the advantages and drawbacks of both implementations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of Semantic Web technologies has been found to be a good match for developing drug recommendation systems. Ontologies can effectively encapsulate medical knowledge and rule-based reasoning can capture and encode the drug interactions knowledge.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece. doulaver@iti.gr.
authors.forename: Charalampos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doulaverakis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleontas
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kompatsiaris