title: Structural brain abnormalities in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: a study with 3T MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We  examined changes of the central nervous system in patients with advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical observational study included 15 patients with bilateral advanced POAG and 15 healthy normal control subjects, matched for age and sex with the study group. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Using a 3-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo sequence (3D-MP-RAGE) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we measured the cross-sectional area of the optic nerve and optic chiasm, and the gray matter volume of the brain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the POAG group compared to the subjects in the control group showed a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the bilateral gray-matter volume in the lingual gyrus, calcarine gyrus, postcentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and rolandic operculum, as well as in the right cuneus, right inferior occipital gyrus, left paracentral lobule, and right supramarginal gyrus. Patients in the study group showed a significant increase in the bilateral gray matter volume in the middle temporal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, and angular gyrus, and in the left gray matter volume in the superior parietal gyrus, precuneus, and middle occipital gyrus. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the optic nerve and optic chiasm, and RNFL thickness were significantly decreased in the POAG group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with POAG, three-dimensional MRI revealed widespread abnormalities in the central nervous system beyond the visual cortex.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Medical Sciences College of Capital University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ningli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Suping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Zhijia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qizhu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jost B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xuyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qiyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology