title: Sulfated derivatives of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 and their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and mediators.
abstract: Ginsenoside Rh2 is one of the most important ginsenosides in ginseng with antitumor, antidiabetic, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the extremely poor oral bioavailability induced by its low water solubility greatly limits the potency of Rh2 in clinical use. Therefore, in this study we sulfated 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 with chlorosulfonic acid and pyridine method, and got two new sulfated derivatives, Rh2-B1 and Rh2-B2, with higher water solubility. Their chemical structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, MS and NMR). Additionally, Rh2-B1 and Rh2-B2 had the greater anti-inflammatory effects than Rh2 through inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced mouse RAW264.7 macrophages cells. These results suggested that the sulfated modification of Rh2 improved its water solubility and the sulfated derivatives could be more potential candidates for developing as anti-inflammatory agents.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
authors.forename: Ben-Dong
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Wen-Yan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Chang-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hai-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Peng-Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Da-Cheng
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xu-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036145:Ginsenosides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C055305:ginsenoside Rh2