title: Discrimination of female schizophrenia patients from healthy women using multiple structural brain measures obtained with voxel-based morphometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although schizophrenia and control subjects differ on a variety of neuroanatomical measures, the specificity and sensitivity of any one measure for differentiating between the two groups are low. To identify the correlative pattern of brain changes that best discriminate schizophrenia patients from healthy subjects, discriminant analysis techniques using voxel-based morphometry were applied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first analysis was conducted to obtain a statistical model that classified 105 female healthy subjects and 38 female schizophrenia patients. First, the differences in gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid volume between the patients and healthy subjects were evaluated using optimized voxel-based morphometry. Then, a discriminant analysis reflecting the results of this evaluation was adopted. The second analysis was performed to prospectively validate the statistical model by successfully classifying a new group that consisted of 23 female healthy subjects and 23 female schizophrenia patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of these variables resulted in correct classification rates of 0.72 in the control subjects and 0.76 in the schizophrenia patients. In the second validation analysis using these variables, correct classification rates of 0.70 in the control subjects and 0.74 in the schizophrenia patients were achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schizophrenia patients have structural deviations in multiple brain areas, and a combination of structural brain measures can distinguish between patients and controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Daimei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sasayama
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teraishi
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Obu
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriguchi
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kunugi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D036421:Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology