title: Effectiveness of mouthrinse formulated from ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula fruit on salivary Streptococcus mutans among 12 to 15 year old school children of Belgaum city: a randomized field trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease. Streptococcus mutans plays a major role in the occurrence of dental caries. Many antibacterial agents have been developed against dental caries. However, they lack the qualities of an ideal agent. Thus presently, antibacterial activity of herbal agents is being extensively studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula was prepared and mouthrinse was formulated. A total of 60 children meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into study and control group and respective mouthrinses were administered. Salivary Streptococcus mutans count was assessed at 5 and 60 minutes after rinsing and compared with baseline values. Substantivity of the rinse was assessed among 10 children. Mouthrinse was given to the children and salivary Streptococcus mutans counts were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 hours postrinsing. Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the variance of factors like Decayed Missed Filled Teeth, plaque scores, and gingival scores. ANCOVA (Analysis of covariance) was used to determine the change in salivary Streptococcus mutans colony forming units taking baseline values as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that there was 44.42% reduction in salivary Streptococcus mutans colony forming units 5 minutes after rinsing as compared with baseline values and 64.14% reduction in Streptococcus mutans colony forming units at 60 minutes after rinsing as compared with baseline values. There was a reduction of 35.48% in salivary Streptococcus mutans colony forming units at 60 minutes after rinsing as compared with 5 minutes sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Streptococcus mutans counts were low up to 6 hours postrinsing among 80% of the children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE University, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. dr_sushmanayak@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ankola
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Metgud
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bolmal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*; D029766:Terminalia
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010936:Plant Extracts