title: Free and nanoencapsulated curcumin prevents cigarette smoke-induced cognitive impairment and redox imbalance.
abstract: Cigarette smoke-exposure promotes neurobiological changes associated with neurocognitive abnormalities. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, have shown to be able to prevent cigarette smoke-induced cognitive impairment. Here, we investigated possible mechanisms involved in curcumin protection against cigarette smoke-induced cognitive impairment and, due to its poor bioavailability, we investigated the potential of using curcumin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (C-LNC) suspension. Rats were treated with curcumin and cigarette smoke, once a day, 5 days each week, for 30 days. Animals were divided into ten groups: I, control (vehicle/corn oil); II, curcumin 12.5mg/kg; III, curcumin 25mg/kg; IV, curcumin 50mg/kg; V, C-LNC 4 mg/kg; VI, tobacco exposed; VII, curcumin 12.5mg/kg along with tobacco exposure; VIII, curcumin 25mg/kg along with tobacco exposure; IX, curcumin 50mg/kg along with tobacco exposure; X, C-LNC 4 mg/kg along with tobacco exposure. Cigarette smoke-exposure impaired object recognition memory (P<0.001), indicated by the low recognition index, increased biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress such as TBARS (P<0.05) and NOx (P<0.01), decreased antioxidant defenses such as NPSH content (P<0.01) and SOD activity (P<0.01) and inhibited the activities of enzymes involved in ion homeostasis such as Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase. Both curcumin formulations (free and nanoencapsulated) prevented the memory impairment, the redox imbalance and the alterations observed in the ATPases activities. Maintenance of ion homeostasis and redox balance is involved in the protective mechanism of curcumin against tobacco-induced cognitive impairment. Our results suggest that curcumin is a potential therapeutic agent for neurocognition and that C-LNC may be an alternative to its poor bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Prédio 20, Sala 4229, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jeandre Augusto dos Santos
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jaques
authors.forename: Pedro Henrique
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Doleski
authors.forename: Lívia Gelain
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Castilhos
authors.forename: Michelle Melgarejo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: da Rosa
authors.forename: Viviane do Carmo Gonçalves
authors.initials: Vdo C
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Fabiano Barbosa
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marisco
authors.forename: Maria Luiza Prates
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Thorstenberg
authors.forename: João Felipe Peres
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rezer
authors.forename: Jader Betch
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ruchel
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Coradini
authors.forename: Ruy Carlos Ruver
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Maribel Antonello
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Maria Rosa Chitolina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schetinger
authors.forename: Daniela Bitencourt Rosa
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Leal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D003474:Curcumin