title: Small bowel abnormalities in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although capsule endoscopy is available as a minimally invasive imaging technique that contributes significantly to the detection of small bowel lesions, there are only a very few published descriptions of small bowel abnormalities in patients with portal hypertension.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to characterize the occurrence of small bowel lesions by means of capsule endoscopy in patients with portal hypertension, particularly those with compensated liver cirrhosis and associated anemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty consecutive patients who met our criteria underwent capsule endoscopy. The frequency, type, and distribution of small bowel lesions were determined, and clinical factors associated with the lesions were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small bowel abnormalities were found in 40 patients (67 %), including erythema (n = 32, 53 %), erosion (n = 10, 17 %), angioectasia (n = 9, 15 %), varices (n = 4, 7 %), and villous edema (n = 4, 7 %). Most lesions were located in the proximal or middle small bowel. Factors associated with the lesions were Child-Pugh class B (vs. class A, P = 0.0023), ascites (vs. no ascites, P = 0.0085), and portal hypertensive gastropathy (vs. no portal hypertensive gastropathy, P = 0.0434).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found capsule endoscopy to be a useful diagnostic modality for detecting clinically significant small bowel lesions in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Based on our results, we suggest that this procedure should be especially considered for patients with Child-Pugh class B disease, ascites, and/or portal hypertensive gastropathy if they show evidence of gastrointestinal blood loss and/or iron-deficiency anemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan. aochin-blue@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aikata
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Ikue
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Watari
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naeshiro
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence