title: Bioavailability of nanoparticulate hematite to Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: The environmental effects and bioavailability of nanoparticulate iron (Fe) to plants are currently unknown. Here, plant bioavailability of synthesized hematite Fe nanoparticles was evaluated using Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) as a model. Over 56-days of growing wild-type A. thaliana, the nanoparticle-Fe and no-Fe treatments had lower plant biomass, lower chlorophyll concentrations, and lower internal Fe concentrations than the Fe-treatment. Results for the no-Fe and nanoparticle-Fe treatments were consistently similar throughout the experiment. These results suggest that nanoparticles (mean diameter 40.9 nm, range 22.3-67.0 nm) were not taken up and therefore not bioavailable to A. thaliana. Over 14-days growing wild-type and transgenic (Type I/II proton pump overexpression) A. thaliana, the Type I plant grew more than the wild-type in the nanoparticle-Fe treatment, suggesting Type I plants cope better with Fe limitation; however, the nanoparticle-Fe and no-Fe treatments had similar growth for all plant types.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ymarusen@asu.edu
authors.forename: Yevgeniy
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Marusenko
authors.forename: Jessie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shipp
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Jennifer L L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keebaugh
authors.forename: Hansina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Xiaoding
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.forename: Nabin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hutchings
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herckes
authors.forename: Ariel D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Anbar
authors.forename: Everett
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shock
authors.forename: Hilairy E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Hartnett
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002734:Chlorophyll; C000499:ferric oxide