title: Effects of knowledge of results (KR) frequency in the learning of a timing skill: absolute versus relative KR frequency.
abstract: The interaction between the amount of practice and frequency of Knowledge of Results (KR) was investigated in a timing skill. In the acquisition phase the task involved 90 trials of releasing a knob and transporting three tennis balls from three near recipients to three far ones in a specific sequence and target time. The retention test performed 24 hr. later had the same sequence of transport but a new target time was required. In both phases, absolute error and standard deviation plus constant error was measured. The five groups differed in relation to frequency of KR and amount of practice. The results showed that intermediate frequencies as well as higher frequencies of KR elicited better performance during the retention test.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270-901-Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ugrinowitsch
authors.forename: Fernanda S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Lívia G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Rodolfo N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Benda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007721:Knowledge of Results, Psychological; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D013334:Students; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult