title: Biomolecule delivery into canola protoplasts by centrifuging cells with microbubbles.
abstract: We have successfully delivered FITC and FITC-Dextran (70, 250 kDa) into canola protoplasts by centrifuging cells with different amounts of microbubbles at variable centrifuge speed. The efficiency is around 90%, while cell viability remains high. Confocal microscopy images show that both FITC and FITC-Dextran are scattered inside the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus. Pores are observed on canola protoplast cell membranes and cell walls when centrifuged with microbubbles, while the membrane of cells centrifuged alone remain intact and smooth. We hypothesize that the collision between the microbubbles and cells or the bursting of microbubbles are the main reasons for the formation of these pores. Biomaterials can diffuse into the cells once the pathway is created.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Quanrong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D001937:Brassica / Q000166:cytology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002498:Centrifugation; D003584:Cytological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000378:metabolism*; D004058:Diffusion; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000378:metabolism*; D045423:Microbubbles; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate