title: [Cardiorenal syndrome: the role of new biochemical markers].
abstract: Cardiorenal syndrome is a pathophysiological  heart and kidney disorder, in which acute or chronic dysfunction of one organ induces a damage in the other. It's a syndrome more and more often encountered in clinical practice and this implies the need to recognize the syndrome through biochemical markers with a good sensitivity and specificity, since its earliest stages in order to optimize therapy. In addition to widely validated biomarkers, such as BNP, pro BNP, creatinine, GFR and cystatin C, other promising molecules are available, like NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1), MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic peptide), Netrin-1, interleuchin 18 and NAG (N-acetyl-β-glucosa-minidase). The role of these emerging biomarkers is still not completely clarified: hence the need of  new clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Universita di Palermo, Italy. federicavernuccio@gmail.com
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vernuccio
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grutta
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novo
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novo
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D006801:Humans; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D000075388:Netrin-1; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000097:blood; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D055316:Cystatin C; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D020382:Interleukin-18; D054834:Lipocalins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C000617351:NTN1 protein, human; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D000075388:Netrin-1; D003404:Creatinine; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase