title: Exotic mitotic mechanisms.
abstract: The emergence of eukaryotes around two billion years ago provided new challenges for the chromosome segregation machineries: the physical separation of multiple large and linear chromosomes from the microtubule-organizing centres by the nuclear envelope. In this review, we set out the diverse solutions that eukaryotic cells use to solve this problem, and show how stepping away from 'mainstream' mitosis can teach us much about the mechanisms and mechanics that can drive chromosome segregation. We discuss the evidence for a close functional and physical relationship between membranes, nuclear pores and kinetochores in generating the forces necessary for chromosome segregation during mitosis.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School,  University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL,  UK.
authors.forename: Hauke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drechsler
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: McAinsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology*; D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000502:physiology; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000502:physiology; D022101:Microtubule-Organizing Center / Q000502:physiology; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology*; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000502:physiology; D022022:Nuclear Pore / Q000502:physiology; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins