title: Chondrogenesis of myoblasts in biodegradable poly-lactide-co-glycolide             scaffolds.
abstract: Myoblasts are considered to be an alternative cell source for cell-based             meniscal repair due to their multiple differentiation potentials. This study addresses             the chondrogenic differentiation of myoblasts seeded into poly-lactide-co-glycolide             (PLGA) scaffolds following implantation in a subcutaneous pocket of nude mice.             Canine myoblasts isolated from a Beagle were expanded and seeded into PLGA scaffolds             and cultured in cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 (CDMP-2) and transforming             growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-containing medium for 2 weeks in vitro. The constructs             were implanted into a subcutaneous pocket of 24 combined immunodeficiency mice             and harvested after 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin staining             of the sections of the engineered cartilage at 8 and 12 weeks revealed the regeneration             of fibrocartilage. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed a similar distribution             of collagen type Ⅱ in the engineered cartilage as the normal meniscus. At 12 weeks,             expression of mRNAs for type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅱ collagen and aggrecan was detected             by RT-PCR. The compressive moduli of engineered cartilage reached 85.72% of the             normal meniscus at 12 weeks, with a high level of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content             (no statistical difference from normal). Myoblast-seeded PLGA scaffolds express             a stable chondrogenic phenotype in a heterotopic model of cartilage transplantation             and represent a suitable tool for tissue engineering of cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Jiangsu 214002, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanglin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yusheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Keqin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yubin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Guoxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D024043:Collagen Type II; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C090394:cartilage-derived-morphogenetic protein-2; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid