title: Endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile carcinoma and genital malignancy: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Open radical inguinal lymphadenectomy is reported to have morbidity as high as 50%. We describe our endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy that aims at decreasing the morbidity of the procedure without compromising the oncologic outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven groin dissections were undertaken in seven male patients. The procedure was performed via three ports. The first one was a 10-mm incision 3 mm distal to the apex of the femoral triangle. Two additional trocars (10 mm and 5 mm) were positioned 6 cm medially and laterally to the apex of the triangle, respectively. Taking the great saphenous vein as a landmark, the superficial and deep components were dissected. The boundaries of dissection were the same as those of radical inguinal lymphadenectomy. The numbers of lymph nodes harvested were recorded. The morbidity was retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time was 126 minutes. The mean number of lymph nodes was 12.3. The averaged output of drainage per leg was 50.8 mL each day. There were only three minor complications: One patient had hypercarbia and pneumoderm, and another had 50 mL of seroma; the third had 180 mL of lymphocele. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 27 months (mean 16.3); there was no evidence of recurrence and other sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy is feasible for patients with penile cancer and genital malignancy. The technique reduces the risk of complication rate, and the oncologic outcome is highly promising. Larger studies, longer term follow-up are needed to assess the oncologic control and possible morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guandong, China. zhouxuelu@tom.com
authors.forename: Xue-Lu
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ji-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shang-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004724:Endoscopy; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies