title: Predicted end-tidal sevoflurane concentration for insertion of a Laryngeal Mask Supreme: a prospective observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The single-use Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Supreme is a new supraglottic airway device. It has been reported to be reliable and easy-to-use in clinical practice; however, the anaesthetic techniques for its insertion are not standardised.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the ED50 of end-tidal sevoflurane concentration for successful LMA Supreme insertion without the use of neuromuscular blockade.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single tertiary care surgical centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one consecutive elective patients scheduled for minor elective surgery under general anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were preoxygenated with 100% oxygen and anaesthetised using normal tidal volume inhalation of sevoflurane. The target sevoflurane concentration was determined using a modified Dixon's 'up-and-down' method (starting at 2.5% with 0.5% as the step size). After the predetermined end-tidal concentration had been established and maintained for 10 min, LMA Supreme insertion was attempted.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measure was the patient's response to LMA Supreme insertion, classified as either 'movement' or 'no movement'. The mean of the concentrations of seven cross-overs from 'movement' to 'no movement' was used to estimate the ED50.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated sevoflurane concentration for successful LMA Supreme insertion in 50% of adults was 3.03 ± 0.75% (95% confidence interval 2.3 to 3.7%). The values of the ET50 and ET95 obtained by logistic regression were 2.83 and 5.30%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sevoflurane alone can provide acceptable conditions for insertion of the LMA Supreme in adults, at an estimated minimum alveolar anaesthetic concentration of 3% with minimal adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain. mati@plagaro.net
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaballos
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bastida
authors.forename: Consolación
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Salomé
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agustí
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: López-Gil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D010100:Oxygen