title: New insight into the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity: assessment of whole-genome expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the most common preventable causes of blindness and impaired vision among children in developed countries. The aim of the study was to compare whole-genome expression in the first month of life in groups of infants with and without ROP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were drawn from 111 newborns with a mean gestational age of 27.8 wk on the 5th, 14th, and 28th day of life (DOL). The mRNA samples were evaluated for gene expression with the use of human whole-genome microarrays. The infants were divided into two groups: no ROP (n = 61) and ROP (n = 50).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 794 genes were differentially expressed on the 5th DOL, 1,077 on the 14th DOL, and 3,223 on the 28th DOL. In each of the three time points during the first month of life, more genes were underexpressed than overexpressed in the ROP group. Fold change (FC), which was used in analysis of gene expression data, ranged between 1.0 and 1.5 in the majority of genes differentially expressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that genes in four pathways related to inflammatory response were consistently downregulated due to the following variables: ROP and gestational age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pietrzyk
authors.forename: Przemko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kwinta
authors.forename: Mirosław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bik-Multanowski
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madetko-Talowska
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jagła
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomasik
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mitkowska
authors.forename: Embjørg J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wollen
authors.forename: Ståle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nygård
authors.forename: Ola D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Saugstad
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature / Q000097:blood; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D012333:RNA, Messenger