title: Transfer effects of manipulating temporal constraints on learning a two-choice reaction time task with low stimulus-response compatibility.
abstract: Recent research using deliberate amplification of spatial errors to increase motor learning leads to the question of whether amplifying temporal errors may also facilitate learning. We investigated transfer effects caused by manipulating temporal constraints on learning a two-choice reaction time (CRT) task with varying degrees of stimulus-response compatibility. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups and completed 120 trials during acquisition. For every fourth trial, one group was instructed to decrease CRT by 50 msec. relative to the previous trial and a second group was instructed to increase CRT by 50 msec. The third group (the control) was told not to change their responses. After a 5-min. break, participants completed a 40-trial no-feedback transfer test. A 40-trial delayed transfer test was administered 24 hours later. During acquisition, the Decreased Reaction Time group responded faster than the two other groups, but this group also made more errors than the other two groups. In the 5-min. delayed test (immediate transfer), the Decreased Reaction Time group had faster reaction times than the other two groups, while for the 24-hr. delayed test (delayed transfer), both the Decreased Reaction Time group and Increased Reaction Time group had significantly faster reaction times than the control. For delayed transfer, both Decreased and Increased Reaction Time groups reacted significantly faster than the control group. Analyses of error scores in the transfer tests indicated revealed no significant group differences. Results were discussed with regard to the notion of practice variability and goal-setting benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, USA.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: John S Y
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jin H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011930:Reaction Time; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014163:Transfer, Psychology; D055815:Young Adult