title: Routine intraoperative cholangiography during single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a review of 196 consecutive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) has been increasingly performed as a potentially less invasive alternative to standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, recent evidences suggest a higher incidence of complications, notably bile duct injuries, in SILC. We reviewed our experiences with routine intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during SILC to investigate its feasibility and usefulness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 228 patients who underwent SILC at our institution from September 2009 to July 2012, a total of 196 patients in which an IOC was attempted were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IOC was successful in 178 of 196 patients, yielding a success rate of 90.8 %. There were no IOC-related complications. Common bile duct (CBD) stones were detected by IOC in 16 patients (8.2 %), all of which were treated by subsequent single-incision laparoscopic CBD exploration or postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stone extraction. In addition, IOC revealed filling defects in the cystic duct (four patients) and poor passage of contrast medium into the duodenum (one patient). In one patient with severe acute cholecystitis, cholangiography via an endoscopic nasobiliary drainage tube revealed misinterpretation of CBD as cystic duct.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We, thus, conclude that routine IOC during SILC is feasible and useful to detect biliary stones and to gain an accurate picture of biliary anatomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan. norisato@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibao
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Noritaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minagawa
authors.forename: Aiichiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higure
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002758:Cholangiography; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult