title: Characterization of a new TiF(4) and β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and its in vitro evaluation on inhibiting enamel demineralization.
abstract: Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF(4)) is an effective but instable caries preventive agent. As the stability problems could be minimized through the use of drug carriers this study aimed to prepare and characterize a new TiF(4) nanoinclusion complex and to evaluate its potential in inhibiting enamel demineralization under pH cycling conditions. The TiF(4) nanosystems were prepared using β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and sodium montmorillonite (MMTNa). Bovine enamel blocks (n=48) with known surface microhardness (SMH), were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=12) and submitted to one of the following treatments: distilled deionized water (as negative control) and solutions containing 1% βCD, 1% TiF(4) and TiF(4):βCD. The solutions were blinded applied once on the blocks with a microbrush(®) on the surface for 1min before pH-cycling. After that, samples were reavaluated by SMH, %SMH loss, cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX). The inclusion complex of TiF(4):βCD offered better protection against demineralization in the subsurface. The SEM analysis showed that TiF(4) and TiF(4):βCD samples presented the most intact enamel than the control. The EDX analysis identified titanium in TiF(4) and TiF(4):βCD groups. TiF(4):βCD has higher potential on inhibiting demineralization in the inner enamel. TiF(4):βCD is a new alternative to TiF(4) stabilization in order to reduce enamel subsurface demineralization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Jeneiro UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nassur
authors.forename: Adílis Kalina
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Alexandria
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pomarico
authors.forename: Valeria Pereira
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.forename: Lúcio Mendes
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: Lucianne Cople
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Maia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001546:Bentonite / Q000737:chemistry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006244:Hardness; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D011897:Random Allocation; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D014867:Water; D001546:Bentonite; D014025:Titanium; C031215:betadex; D005459:Fluorides; C032240:titanium tetrafluoride