title: [The evaluation of tremor in Parkinson's disease from the view of the muscular spindle theory].
abstract: The author suggests a hypothesis on the origin of tremor. The hypothesis is based on the results of electromyographic (EMG) study using cutaneous electrodes in patients with tremor-rigid form of Parkinson's disease before and after the stereotaxic surgery. The natural afferent impulses from receptive areas of the organism, in particular, from proprioreceptors or muscle filaments, are thought to be the energetic basis of hyperkineses. The wakeful brain conducts the excessive non-specific information along the inhibitory premotor-caudata-pallidal-thalamic-motor pathway (caudatal loop). This mechanism does not work in patients with Parkinson's disease due to the deficit of brain dopamine that affects the control over static gamma-motoneurons. On the spinal level, a myotatic unit with the involvement of the static γ-motoneuron, nuclear chain intrafusal fiber, pathway 1a, phasic γ-motoneuron and phasic oxidative extrafusal muscle fiber is responsible for the development of trembling hyperkinesis. The hypothesis allows to understand deeper the pathogenesis of tremor and to evaluate the results of surgical treatment as well.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Starikov
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000172:deficiency; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009047:Motor Neurons, Gamma / Q000502:physiology*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014202:Tremor / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine