title: Improved lignocellulose conversion to biofuels with thermophilic bacteria and thermostable enzymes.
abstract: Second-generation feedstock, especially nonfood lignocellulosic biomass is a potential source for biofuel production. Cost-intensive physical, chemical, biological pretreatment operations and slow enzymatic hydrolysis make the overall process of lignocellulosic conversion into biofuels less economical than available fossil fuels. Lignocellulose conversions carried out at ≤ 50 °C have several limitations. Therefore, this review focuses on the importance of thermophilic bacteria and thermostable enzymes to overcome the limitations of existing lignocellulosic biomass conversion processes. The influence of high temperatures on various existing lignocellulose conversion processes and those that are under development, including separate hydrolysis and fermentation, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and extremophilic consolidated bioprocess are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhalla
authors.forename: Namita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: Rajesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sani
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism*; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin; D002480:Cellulase