title: A retrospective study of the Framingham cardiovascular risk scores in a liver transplant population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the relationship between Framingham cardiovascular risk scores (FRS) and transplant-related factors, particularly renal function, in a stable liver transplant population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center retrospective study of 54 post-liver transplant patients followed in one outpatient clinic. Demographics and laboratory data were assessed using the modified FRS (2009). Standard statistical analyses were performed between FRS and transplant-related factors; patient demographics, new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT), immunosuppressives, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measured by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty percent of patients were classified as low FRS, 29.6% as moderate FRS, and 29.6% as high FRS (of whom 50% had NODAT). Immunosuppressant use was similar between the high- and low-risk groups. FRS inversely correlated with eGFR (P = .0001) measured by either equation. eGFR measured by IDMS in the high-risk group (60.4 ± 22.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group (97.1 ± 54 mL/min/1.73 m(2); P = .0001). In the multivariate analysis, age, eGFR and NODAT were significantly different between the low- and high-risk FRS groups. Receiving operational characteristic (ROC) analysis identified eGFR measured by IDMS at 42.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2) with a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 19%, and positive predictive value of 72% to identify high-risk patients. Box-plot analysis of variance between eGFRs in the three risk groups showed a P value of .001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study one-third of liver transplant patients had a high FRS, and 14.8% had an eGFR below 40 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Low eGFR predicts those with high FRS. Liver transplant patients particularly those with NODAT, with low eGFR should undergo close management of cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Saskatchewan Transplant Program, St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mansell
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Worobetz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sylwestrowicz
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shoker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002309:Cardiology / Q000592:standards*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents