title: Waterborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis.
abstract: Water is the most commonly reported vehicle of transmission in  Cryptosporidium outbreaks. While mains drinking water quality is highly regulated  in industrialised countries, treated recreational water venues remain highly variable  and these have emerged as important settings in the transmission of cryptosporidiosis.  Epidemiological investigations of outbreaks benefit from supplementary microbiological evidence and, more recently, the application of molecular typing data  to link isolates from cases to each other and to suspected sources. This article  documents how waterborne Cryptosporidium outbreaks are identified and reported, how  such outbreaks have acted as drivers of regulatory change, and some of the recent  developments in the detection and investigation of these outbreaks and their spread,  especially the application of molecular typing assays.
authors.affiliation: Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Public Health Wales, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK. rachel.chalmers@wales.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Chalmers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D013551:Swimming Pools / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water