title: Fenugreek seed mucilage-alginate mucoadhesive beads of metformin HCl: Design, optimization and evaluation.
abstract: The work investigates the development and optimization of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed mucilage (FSM)-alginate mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl through ionotropic gelation using 3(2) factorial design. The effect of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate to FSM) and cross-linker (CaCl(2)) concentration on the drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, %), and cumulative drug release after 10h (R(10h), %) was optimized. The DEE (%) of all these beads was within the range of 71.63 ± 2.32 to 95.08 ± 3.73% with sustained in vitro drug release of 69.78 ± 2.43% to 95.70 ± 4.26% over 10h. The in vitro drug release from these beads was followed controlled-release (zero-order) pattern (R(2)=0.9910 to 0.9953) with super case-II transport mechanism. The average size of these beads was within the range of 0.92 ± 0.05 to 1.30 ± 0.14 mm. The beads were also characterized by SEM, FTIR and (1)H NMR. The swelling and degradation of FSM-alginate beads containing metformin HCl were influenced by pH of the test medium. These beads also exhibited good mucoadhesivity in wash-off test. The optimized FSM-alginate mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl showed significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats over prolonged period after oral administration.
authors.affiliation: Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mayurbhanj 757086, Odisha, India. amitkrnayak@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Dilipkumar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Jyotiprakash
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: M Saquib
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hasnain
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood; D006041:Goats; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D009093:Mucus / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D062087:Plant Mucilage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D029910:Trigonella / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001786:Blood Glucose; D062087:Plant Mucilage; D008687:Metformin