title: Staphylococcal infections in children, California, USA, 1985-2009.
abstract: We conducted a retrospective, observational, population-based study to investigate the effect of staphylococcal infections on the hospitalization of children in California during 1985-2009. Hospitalized children with staphylococcal infections were identified through the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development discharge database. Infections were categorized as community onset, community onset health care-associated, or hospital onset. Infection incidence was calculated relative to all children and to those hospitalized in acute-care facilities. A total of 140,265 records were analyzed. Overall incidence increased from 49/100,000 population in 1985 to a peak of 83/100,000 in 2006 and dropped to 73/100,000 in 2009. Staphylococcal infections were associated with longer hospital stays and higher risk for death relative to all-cause hospitalizations of children. The number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections increased, and the number of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infections remained unchanged. Children <3 years of age, Blacks, and those without private insurance were at higher risk for hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine-Pediatrics, Stanford, California 94305, USA. mdkat@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Meira S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: Clea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarnquist
authors.forename: Shila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.forename: Anna Chen
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maldonado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D016208:Databases, Factual; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D008712:Methicillin