title: Challenges in the development and reimbursement of personalized medicine-payer and manufacturer perspectives and implications for health economics and outcomes research: a report of the ISPOR personalized medicine special interest group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Personalized medicine technologies can improve individual health by delivering the right dose of the right drug to the right patient at the right time but create challenges in deciding which technologies offer sufficient value to justify widespread diffusion. Personalized medicine technologies, however, do not neatly fit into existing health technology assessment and reimbursement processes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this article, the Personalized Medicine Special Interest Group of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research evaluated key development and reimbursement considerations from the payer and manufacturer perspectives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five key areas in which health economics and outcomes research best practices could be developed to improve value assessment, reimbursement, and patient access decisions for personalized medicine have been identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These areas are as follows: 1 research prioritization and early value assessment, 2 best practices for clinical evidence development, 3 best practices for health economic assessment, 4 addressing health technology assessment challenges, and 5 new incentive and reimbursement approaches for personalized medicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Key gaps in health economics and outcomes research best practices, decision standards, and value assessment processes are also discussed, along with next steps for evolving health economics and outcomes research practices in personalized medicine.
authors.affiliation: Quintiles Global Consulting, Durham, NC 13979, USA. Eric.Faulkner@quintiles.com
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faulkner
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Annemans
authors.forename: Lou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garrison
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helfand
authors.forename: Anke-Peggy
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Holtorf
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hornberger
authors.forename: Dyfrig
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Siebert
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Towse
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Veenstra
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical