title: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney: case report and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor (rPNET) as a member of Ewing's sarcoma family is extremely rare and usually occurs in children and young adults. Most literature about rPNET was isolated case reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reported a case of 45-year-old man with the complaint of right flank pain. Computerized tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a large substantive tumor involving the lower pole of the right kidney. Then the patient underwent radical nephrectomy. Pathologic characteristics and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of rPNET. Additionally, the patient received three cycles of chemotherapy, and was still alive without metastasis at 15-months follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rPNET is rare and presents aggressive clinical behavior and worse prognosis. We expect that further awareness and study of this rare tumor can be had by presenting our case.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, FudanUniversity, Middle Wulumuqi Road 12, Shanghai, 200040, China.
authors.forename: Chuanyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zunguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Shijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jianliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018242:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed