title: Effects of echinacoside on MPP(+)-induced mitochondrial fragmentation, mitophagy and cell apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the protective effect of echinacoside on mitochondrial fragmentation, mitophagy and cell apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)).
  
  
  METHODS
  The MPP(+) -treated SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control and drug groups. The cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry analysis. The alterations in mitochondrial morphology were observed, and the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitophagy were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MPP(+) induced severe mitochondrial fragmentation in SH-SY5Y cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly reduced (P<0.05), which further led to mitophagy and cell apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP(+) (P<0.05); mitochondrial depolarization, mitophagy and cell apoptosis in echinacoside-treated groups were significantly suppressed (P<0.05), but mitochondrial fragmentation was not affected (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPP(+) can cause severe damage to mitochondrial morphology and the function in SH-SY5Y cells, and echinacoside selectively reverse mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis, yet there is no effect on mitochondrial morphology.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropathology, Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Mi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Wen-wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000009:adverse effects; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D063306:Mitophagy / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; C060297:echinacoside; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium