title: Identification of preferentially reactivated genes during early G1 phase using nascent mRNA as an index of transcriptional activity.
abstract: During mammalian mitosis, transcription is silenced due to dissociation of transcription factors from DNA and chromosome condensation. At the end of mitosis, transcription is reactivated through chromosome relaxation and reloading of these factors to the DNA. Early G1 genes, which are preferentially reactivated during M/G1 transition, are important for maintenance of cellular function and are known to be strictly regulated. As only few early G1 genes have been identified to date, screening for early G1 genes by genome-wide analysis using nascent mRNA could contribute to the elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms during early G1. Here, we performed a detailed expression analysis for the M/G1 transition of mammalian cells by microarray analysis of nascent mRNA, and identified 298 early G1 genes. Analysis of these genes provides two important insights. Firstly, certain motifs are enriched in the upstream sequences of early G1 genes; from this we could predict candidate cognate transcription factors, including Sp1, which is recruited to the DNA in the early G1 phase. Secondly, we discovered that neighboring genes of early G1 genes were also frequently up-regulated in the G1 phase. Information about these numerous newly identified early G1 genes will likely contribute to an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the early G1 genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Ataru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.forename: Shunya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Utsugi
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtsu
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger