title: Toxicity of CuO nanoparticles and Cu ions to tight epithelial cells from Xenopus laevis (A6): effects on proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell death.
abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique chemical and physical properties caused by their small size (1-100 nm) and high surface to volume ratio. This means that the NPs are potentially more toxic than their bulk counterparts. In the present study a cultured epithelial cell line from Xenopus laevis (A6) was used to investigate toxicity of copper (Cu) in 3 different forms; Cu ions (Cu(2+)), CuO NPs (6 nm) and poly-dispersed CuO NPs (100 nm, poly-CuO). Continuous exposures at concentrations of 143-200 μM demonstrated that cytotoxicity differed among the 3 Cu forms tested and that the effects depend on cell state (dividing or differentiated). Dividing cells treated with poly-CuO, CuO NPs (6 nm) or Cu(2+) showed cell cycle arrest and caused significant increase in cell death via apoptosis after 48 h, 6 and 7 days of treatment, respectively. Treatment with either CuO NPs (6 nm) or Cu(2+) caused significant decrease in cell proliferation. Treatments of differentiated cells, revealed the same patterns of toxicity for Cu forms tested, but after shorter exposure periods.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark. athitj@ruc.dk
authors.forename: Amalie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thit
authors.forename: Henriette
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Selck
authors.forename: Henning F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Bjerregaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D004247:DNA; C030973:cupric oxide