title: How do emergency physicians interpret prescription narcotic history when assessing patients presenting to the emergency department with pain?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Narcotics are frequently prescribed in the Emergency Department (ED) and are increasingly abused. Prescription monitoring programs affect prescribing by Emergency Physicians (EPs), yet little is known on how EPs interpret prescription records.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess how EPs interpret prescription narcotic history for patients in the ED with painful conditions. DESIGN/MAIN Outcome Measures: We created an anonymous survey of EPs consisting of fictitious cases of patients presenting to the ED with back pain. For each case, we provided a prescription history that varied in the number of narcotic prescriptions, prescribing physicians, and narcotic potency. Respondents rated how likely they thought each patient was drug seeking, and how likely they thought that the prescription history would change their prescribing behavior. We calculated κ values to evaluate interobserver reliability of physician assessment of drug-seeking behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We collected 59 responses (response rate = 70%). Respondents most suspected drug seeking in patients with greater than 6 prescriptions per month or greater than 6 prescribing physicians in 2 months. Medication potency did not affect physician interpretation of drug seeking. Respondents reported that access to a prescription history would change their prescribing practice in all cases. κ values for assessment of drug seeking demonstrated moderate agreement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A greater number of prescriptions and a greater number of prescribing physicians in the prescription record increased suspicion for drug seeking. EPs believed that access to prescription history would change their prescribing behavior, yet interobserver reliability in the assessment of drug seeking was moderate.
authors.affiliation: Stanford/Kaiser Emergency Medicine Residency Program in CA, USA. cgrover@stanford
authors.forename: Casey A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: Gus M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Garmel
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D055553:Prescription Drugs