title: Carotid disease in diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the severity of carotid artery disease in diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January to June 2008, 379 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery were preoperatively evaluated for the presence of carotid stenoses by duplex scanning. Patients were divided into two groups, Group I, 156 (41.2%) diabetic patients and Group II, 223 (58.8%) non-diabetic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 314 (82.8%) males and 65 (17.2%) females with a mean age of 57.2 +/- 9.1 years. In diabetic group there were 125 (80.1%) males and 31 (19.9%) females with a mean age of 56.3 +/- 8.9 years. Left main stem stenosis was present in 59 (37.8%) diabetics and 45 (20.2%) non-diabetics (p<0.0001). Diffuse disease in left anterior descending (LAD) artery was observed in more diabetic patients 72 (46.2%) as compared to non-diabetics 83 (37.2%) (p<0.295). Single tight stenosis in LAD was observed in more non-diabetics. Significant carotid artery stenosis was observed in 50 (13.2%) patients. Carotid artery stenosis was observed in 30 (19.2%) diabetics as compared to 20 (9%) non-diabetics (p<0.004). Analysis of percentage stenosis of carotid artery disease in the study population revealed that >70% stenosis was present in 20 (5.3%) with 13 (8.3%) diabetics and 7 (3.1%) non-diabetics (p<0.025). Stenosis of 50-70% was observed in 30 (7.9%) of which 17 (10.9%) were diabetics and 13 (5.8%) were non-diabetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of diabetes mellitus is associated with diffuse coronary artery disease and significant carotid artery disease in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
authors.affiliation: Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan. drshahid68@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.forename: Abdul Rehman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Abid
authors.forename: Muhammad Ashraf
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dar
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noeman
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azhar
mesh_terms: D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged