title: An active-learning laboratory on immunizations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To implement and evaluate an active-learning laboratory activity to teach pharmacy students about influenza, pneumococcal, and shingles vaccines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The laboratory session was divided into 6 immunization stations: 3 stations on influenza including a pediatrics station, and 1 station each for pneumococcal, shingles, and anaphylaxis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although 118 of 123 (95.9%) students had completed an immunization training certificate prior to attending the laboratory, the average score on a pre-assessment to measure immunization knowledge and confidence was 56%. The post-assessment score was 87.4%. Students' confidence improved by 18.7% to 51.2% in each of the 5 areas assessed. Most respondents rated the activity overall as good or excellent on a post-activity evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An active-learning approach to teaching immunizations allowed students to gain knowledge in simulated real-world experiences and reinforced key concepts on influenza, pneumococcal, and shingles vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA 23298-0533, USA. KLDonohoe@vcu.edu
authors.forename: Krista L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Donohoe
authors.forename: Tonya M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mawyer
authors.forename: J Tyler
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Spencer E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Harpe
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D019359:Knowledge; D007753:Laboratories; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012649:Self Concept; D013339:Students, Pharmacy