title: Adults' past-day recall of sedentary time: reliability, validity, and responsiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Past-day recall rather than recall of past week or a usual/typical day may improve the validity of self-reported sedentary time measures. This study examined the test-retest reliability, criterion validity, and responsiveness of the seven-item questionnaire, Past-day Adults' Sedentary Time (PAST).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (breast cancer survivors, n = 90, age = 33-75 yr, body mass index = 25-40 kg·m) in a 6-month randomized controlled trial of a lifestyle-based weight loss intervention completed the interviewer-administered PAST questionnaire about time spent sitting/lying on the previous day for work, transport, television viewing, nonwork computer use, reading, hobbies, and other purposes (summed for total sedentary time). The instrument was administered at baseline, 7 d later for test-retest reliability (n = 86), and at follow-up. ActivPAL3-assessed sit/lie time in bouts of ≥5 min during waking hours on the recall day was used as the validity criterion measure at both baseline (n = 72) and follow-up (n = 68). Analyses included intraclass correlation coefficients, Pearson's correlations (r), and Bland-Altman plots and responsiveness index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PAST had fair to good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32-0.64). At baseline, the correlation between PAST and activPAL sit/lie time was r = 0.57 (95% CI = 0.39-0.71). The mean difference between PAST at baseline and retest was -25 min (5.2%), 95% limits of agreement = -5.9 to 5.0 h, and the activPAL sit/lie time was -9 min (1.8%), 95% limits of agreement = -4.9 to 4.6 h. The PAST showed small but significant responsiveness (-0.44, 95% CI = -0.92 to -0.04); responsiveness of activPAL sit/lie time was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PAST questionnaire provided an easy-to-administer measure of sedentary time in this sample. Validity and reliability findings compare favorably with other sedentary time questionnaires. Past-day recall of sedentary time shows promise for use in future health behavior, epidemiological, and population surveillance studies.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia. b.clark3@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Bronwyn K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Genevieve N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dunstan
authors.forename: Neville
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Marina M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Reeves
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D057566:Self Report; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013995:Time; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs; D055815:Young Adult