title: Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with intracranial tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in CSF from dogs with intracranial tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF from 55 dogs with intracranial tumors and 37 control dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Latent and active MMP-2 and -9 were identified by use of gelatin zymography. The presence of MMPs in the CSF of dogs with intracranial tumors was compared with control dogs that were clinically normal and with dogs that had idiopathic or cryptogenic epilepsy or peripheral vestibular disease. Relationships between MMP-9 and CSF cell counts and protein were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Latent MMP-2 was found in CSF samples from all dogs, although active MMP-2 was not detected in any sample. Latent MMP-9 was detected in a subset of dogs with histologically documented intracranial tumors, including meningiomas (2/10), gliomas (3/10), pituitary tumors (1/2), choroid plexus tumors (5/6), and lymphoma (4/4), but was not detected in any control samples. Dogs with tumors were significantly more likely than those without to have detectable MMP-9 in the CSF, and the presence of MMP-9 was associated with higher CSF nucleated cell counts and protein concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Latent MMP-9 was detected in most dogs with choroid plexus tumors or lymphoma but in a smaller percentage of dogs with meningiomas, gliomas, or pituitary tumors. Detection of MMP in CSF may prove useful as a marker of intracranial neoplasia or possibly to monitor response of tumors to therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neurooncology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. clmarian@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Lindsay B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Boozer
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Braxton
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Vernau
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McDonnell
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guevar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000662:veterinary; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9