title: Rational design of an "OFF-ON" phosphorescent chemodosimeter based on an iridium(III) complex and its application for time-resolved luminescent detection and bioimaging of cysteine and homocysteine.
abstract: Biothiols, such as cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy), play very crucial roles in biological systems. Abnormal levels of these biothiols are often associated with many types of diseases. Therefore, the detection of Cys (or Hcy) is of great importance. In this work, we have synthesized an excellent "OFF-ON" phosphorescent chemodosimeter 1 for sensing Cys and Hcy with high selectivity and naked-eye detection based on an Ir(III) complex containing a 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNBS) group within its ligand. The "OFF-ON" phosphorescent response can be assigned to the electron-transfer process from Ir(III) center and C^N ligands to the DNBS group as the strong electron-acceptor, which can quench the phosphorescence of probe 1 completely. The DNBS group can be cleaved by thiols of Cys or Hcy, and both the (3)MLCT and (3)LC states are responsible for the excited-state properties of the reaction product of probe 1 and Cys (or Hcy). Thus, the phosphorescence is switched on. Based on these results, a general principle for designing "OFF-ON" phosphorescent chemodosimeters based on heavy-metal complexes has been provided. Importantly, utilizing the long emission-lifetime of phosphorescence signal, the time-resolved luminescent assay of 1 in sensing Cys was realized successfully, which can eliminate the interference from the short-lived background fluorescence and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. As far as we know, this is the first report about the time-resolved luminescent detection of biothiols. Finally, probe 1 has been used successfully for bioimaging the changes of Cys/Hcy concentration in living cells.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei430079, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Hui-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hui-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shu-Juan
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiang-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wen-Juan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Sheng-Biao
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000032:analysis*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007495:Iridium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011789:Quantum Theory
chemical_list: D056831:Coordination Complexes; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006710:Homocysteine; D007495:Iridium; D003545:Cysteine