title: Measuring parent time scarcity and fatigue as barriers to meal planning and preparation: quantitative scale development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the psychometric properties of 9 quantitative items that assess time scarcity and fatigue as parent barriers to planning and preparing meals for their children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 342 parents of children aged 2-6 years completed a 20-minute online survey. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure and create summary scales. Internal consistency reliability and measures of construct and concurrent validity were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two scales were created based on the factor analysis: time and energy for meals and meal planning. Preliminary evidence suggests that both scales are reliable and valid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The time and energy for meals and meal planning scales can be completed quickly by busy and tired parents. As many children do not eat nutritious diets, a better understanding of the barriers that parents face is critical and may help inform interventions tailored to the needs of tired, busy parents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA. amysi.stats@gmail.com
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storfer-Isser
authors.forename: Dara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Musher-Eizenman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003296:Cooking; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005195:Family Relations; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008612:Menu Planning; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors