title: [Internalizing symptoms in depressive adolescents - manifestations and methods of identification in schools].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to improve teacher-training programs it is important to analyze the different manifestations of depressive symptoms in adolescent students. This study examined the severity and frequency of internalizing symptoms in adolescents with depressive symptoms and the relationship thereof to an increased risk of suicide.
  
  
  METHODS
  403 students (212 girls and 191 boys) at Austrian secondary schools aged between 16 and 18 years completed the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-2, the Youth Self-Report, and the Suicide Probability Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  35 %, and thus more than one third, of the students with depressive symptoms showed high scores on the internalizing scale while being in the normal range on the externalizing scale. Using regression analysis we found that adolescents with internalizing problems show higher levels of physical complaints, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, attention problems and thought problems are predictors of depression. In addition to depression, anxiety and thought problems, social problems, and aggressive behavior are predictive of a higher suicide risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are discussed with respect to existing studies concerning how to recognize behavioral problems in school. The integration of these results into teachers' education and training serves to raise their awareness of depressive students with internalizing problems and thus helps them when taking appropriate steps to facilitate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Psychologie, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich. manuela.gander@student.uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gander
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buchheim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001317:Austria; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008605:Mental Health Services; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012572:School Health Services; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000092864:Suicide Prevention