title: Alzheimer's disease and mortality in traditional long-term care facilities.
abstract: Although there is evidence that different types of dementia share similar pathophysiologic mechanisms, research studies support the concept that dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD) is a distinct clinical entity, which may differ in terms of disease progression and outcome. We assessed whether a diagnosis of probable AD in elderly patients admitted to traditional long-term care facilities results in different mortality rates. We analyzed data belonging to a prospective, multi-center (n=4) cohort study involving 378 long-term care facility residents. In our population the prevalence of dementia (any-type) and AD were 46.3% and 11.9%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 5.7 years [25-75th percentile, 2.6-6.9], 262 (69.3%) elderly died. Compared to other admission diagnoses, AD was characterized by lower mortality rates: all-cause hazard risk (HR), 0.64 [95% CI, 0.41-0.99] (P=0.048); HR for cardiovascular (CV) causes, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.20-0.78] (P=0.008). Pre-specified subgroup analyses restricted to patients with dementia (n=175) provided similar results. HRs for AD were: all-cause, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.35-1.00] (P=0.049); CV, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.20-0.91] (P=0.028). However, any-type dementia did not show any difference in risk when compared to other admission diagnosis. In conclusion, probable AD was associated with reduced mortality risk in traditional long-term care facilities. The reasons for these findings deserve further investigation; peculiar pathophysiological features could not be excluded.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. e.cereda@smatteo.pv.it
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cereda
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedrolli
authors.forename: Annunciata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zagami
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanotti
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piffer
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faliva
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rondanelli
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caccialanza
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000401:mortality*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008134:Long-Term Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends