title: Degradation of N-heterocyclic indole by a novel endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari.
abstract: A broad-spectrum endophytic Phomopsis liquidambari, was used to degrade environmental pollutant indole. In the condition of using indole as sole carbon and nitrogen source, the optimum concentration of indole supplied was determined to be 100 mg L(-1), with 41.7% ratio of indole degradation within 120 h. Exogenous addition of plant litter significantly increased indole degradation to 99.1% within 60 h. Indole oxidation to oxindole and isatin were the key steps limiting indole degradation. Plant litter addition induced fungus to produce laccase and LiP to non-specific oxidize indole. The results of fungal metabolites pathway through HPLC-MS and NMR analysis showed that indole was firstly oxidized to oxindole and isatin, and deoxidated to indolenie-2-dione, then hydroxylated to 2-dioxindole, which pyridine ring were cleaved through C-N position and changed to 2-aminobenzoic acid. Such metabolic pathway was similar with bacterial degradation of indole-3-acetic acid in plant.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xing-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Cheng-Gang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Chuan-Chao
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D060026:Endophytes / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007211:Indoles / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007211:Indoles