title: Assessing preferences of individuals with acquired brain injury using alternative stimulus modalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To extend previous research on alternative stimulus preference assessment (SPA) modalities to individuals with severe ABI by evaluating the effects of pictorial, verbal and tangible item presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired-stimulus procedure used for SPA sessions with the order of modalities counterbalanced across participants. Reinforcer assessments (RAs) were experimentally evaluated using an alternating treatments design. A progressive-ratio procedure was used for reinforcer assessment (RA) sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six adults with severe ABI. The Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities was conducted to assess discrimination skills; the Reinforcer Assessment for Individuals with Severe Disabilities structured interview was administered to identify items for subsequent evaluations. Three SPA sessions-one of each stimulus modality-were conducted with each participant. Subsequent RAs were conducted using the stimuli ranked as the most highly preferred for each participant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each modality identified a different food item with the highest selection percentage for three participants, while three participants had highly consistent SPA results. Subsequent RAs demonstrated that all modalities made valid predictions of foods that would function as reinforcers for programming.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the different direct-observation methods to identify reinforcers for reductive and skill acquisition programming would likely be a useful addition to rehabilitation settings.
authors.affiliation: Auburn University, AL, USA. m.heinicke@auburn.edu
authors.forename: Megan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Heinicke
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Dixie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eastridge
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kupfer
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mozzoni
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057240:Patient Preference / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult