title: Variation in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among hospital discharges for obstetric delivery across 23 states in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine variability in diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence at delivery by race/ethnicity and state.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases for 23 states of the United States with available race/ethnicity data for 2008 to examine age-adjusted and race-adjusted rates of GDM by state. We used multilevel analysis to examine factors that explain the variability in GDM between states.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age-adjusted and race-adjusted GDM rates (per 100 deliveries) varied widely between states, ranging from 3.47 in Utah to 7.15 in Rhode Island. Eighty-six percent of the variability in GDM between states was explained as follows: 14.7% by age; 11.8% by race/ethnicity; 5.9% by insurance; and 2.9% by interaction between race/ethnicity and insurance at the individual level; 17.6% by hospital level factors; 27.4% by the proportion of obese women in the state; 4.3% by the proportion of Hispanic women aged 15-44 years in the state; and 1.5% by the proportion of white non-Hispanic women aged 15-44 years in the state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that GDM rates differ by state, with this variation attributable to differences in obesity at the population level (or "at the state level"), age, race/ethnicity, hospital, and insurance.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and HealthPromotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. bfb7@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Barbara H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bardenheier
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elixhauser
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imperatore
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.forename: Elena V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Kuklina
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Geiss
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Correa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult