title: Corticosteroid-associated osteonecrosis: a rare, but serious, complication in uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the incidence and prevalence of osteonecrosis in uveitis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic medical record database search was conducted to identify uveitis patients with osteonecrosis and the number at risk for corticosteroid-related osteonecrosis from 2003 to 2012. The clinical and ophthalmologic features of the uveitis patients with osteonecrosis were assessed with retrospective chart reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six uveitis patients with osteonecrosis were identified, comprising a prevalence of 1.5%. The incidence density was 0.19 per 100 person-years of follow-up. The uveitides included sarcoidosis, sympathetic ophthalmia, idiopathic retinal vasculitis, idiopathic chronic anterior and intermediate uveitis, Vogt-Koyanagi Harada disease, and Cogan syndrome. The duration of systemic corticosteroid treatment ranged from 6 weeks to 6 years. The potential systemic risk factors were Raynaud phenomenon, antiphospholipid and autoantibodies, sickle cell trait, and thalassemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although osteonecrosis appears to be a rare complication among uveitis patients, physicians should strive to minimize systemic corticosteroid use when appropriate. A higher level of suspicion for osteonecrosis may be warranted in patients with additional systemic risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: A Dhanu
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Meleth
authors.forename: Nupura
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krishnadev
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nussenblatt
authors.forename: H Nida
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014605:Uveitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids