title: [Biological limit value for occupational exposure to N, N-dimethylacetamide].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish Biological Limit Value (BLV) for N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  201 workers in 3 spandex factories exposed to DMAC were recruited. Air samples were collected using personal air samplers, and urine samples from each works were collected at the end of shift at end of workweek. The urinary metabolite NMAC and air samples of DMAC were determined by gas chromatography (GC). Percentile and relative internal exposure (RIE) were analyzed and proposed a BLV for DMAC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of workers who exposure to DMAC below OELs were 133 (66.2%) among 201 workers monitored. Geometric mean (range) concentration of DMAC in air was 19.4 (0.40 ∼ 300.12) mg/m(3), and that of NMAC in urine was 23.7 (1.30 ∼ 189.42) mg/g Cr. A linear correlation was found between the personal air DMAC and creatinine-adjusted NMAC levels in urine collected at the end of shift at end of workweek (F = 188.872, R(2) = 0.487,P < 0.001). The relationship can be described by the equation Log (NMAC mg/g Cr) = 0.685 + 0.455 log (DMAC mg/m(3)). According to the equation the current China OELs value of 20 mg/m(3) would lead to a mean NMAC concentration of 18.92 mg/g Cr. The 90th percentile biomonitoring result below 20 mg/m(3) 8-hour TWA is 23.9 mg MMAC mg/g Cr, and that of NMAC in urine calculated by relative internal exposure (RIE) was 19.0 mg/g Cr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A BLV of 20 mg/g Cr NMAC in urine at the end of shift at end of workweek for DMAC was recommend by reference to official values from other countries.
authors.affiliation: Institute of hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China.
authors.forename: Ya-lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Cheng-min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yan-yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hong-fan
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hai-bao
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Dan-hua
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D020711:Threshold Limit Values
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; C013959:dimethylacetamide