title: Effect of small changes in natural origin-based emulsion systems on hydrocortisone skin absorption and performance: a comparison of two in vivo methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alkyl polyglucoside surfactants (APG) remain prominent natural origin stabilizers offering a prospect of combining satisfactory stability with mild dermatological properties and complete biodegradability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  With the purpose of adjusting the dose to a patient's needs, dilution of commercial corticosteroid formulations is a practice which may modify efficacy uncontrolledly. The rational of the study was to investigate whether a simple change in ready-to-use bases (co-solvent addition) could address these needs in a more predictive manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydrocortisone (HC) delivery from such emulsion systems was comparatively assessed employing two in vivo methods: the established human skin blanching assay versus skin stripping technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HC permeation data obtained after three dose durations showed better overall performance of the APG-stabilized bases relative to reference ones. Although the solubility study showed that all the assessed active samples retained equal thermodynamic activity, diverse HC permeation/penetration implies the importance of the applied base's colloidal structure and/or changes endured. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) addition offered faster drug penetration enhancement, while glycerol as a moisturizing agent influenced HC penetration through the increase in skin hydration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the performed in vivo methods cannot be considered alternative, skin stripping technique proved to be a cost-efficient mode of percutaneous penetration assessment, providing additional information on vehicle-skin interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pantelic
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lukic
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Markovic
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vesic
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vuleta
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savic
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D019840:2-Propanol; D005990:Glycerol; D006854:Hydrocortisone