title: Transmural endoscopic necrosectomy of infected pancreatic necroses and drainage of infected pseudocysts: a tailored approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transmural endoscopic drainage and necrosectomy have become favored treatment modes for infected pancreatic pseudocysts and necroses. In this analysis, we summarize the outcome of 40 patients with complicated course of acute pancreatitis after endoscopic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2006 through May 2011, 40 patients of our department with complicated pancreatitis were included in this retrospective analysis. All patients underwent endosonographic transgastric puncture followed by wire-guided insertion of one or more double pigtail stents. Patients with extensive necroses were treated repeatedly with transgastric necrosectomy. Treatment success was determined by clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients had interstitial pancreatitis (IP) with pancreatic pseudocysts. Thirty-one patients had necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) with acute pancreatic necroses (n = 4) or walled-off pancreatic necrosis (n = 27). All patients with IP and nine patients with NP had pseudocysts without solid material and underwent transgastric drainage only. In this group major complications occurred in 11.1% and no mortality was observed. Twenty-two NP patients were treated with additional repeated necrosectomy. In patients with localized peripancreatic necroses (n = 10) no need of surgery or mortality was observed, major complications occurred in 10%. In patients with extensive necroses reaching the lower abdomen (n = 12), three needed subsequent surgery and three died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transgastric endoscopy is an effective minimally invasive procedure even in patients with advanced pancreatic necroses. Complication rate is low particularly in patients with sole pseudocysts or localized necroses. The extent of the fluid collections and necroses is a new predictive parameter for the outcome of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rische
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riecken
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Degenkolb
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Caca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010192:Pancreatic Pseudocyst / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional