title: Clustered carbohydrates in synthetic vaccines.
abstract: Are there general rules to obtain efficient immunization against carbohydrate antigens? Thanks to technological advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry we entered a new era in which the rational design of carbohydrate vaccines has become an achievable goal. The aim of this Tutorial Review is to present the most recent accomplishments in the field of semi and fully synthetic carbohydrate vaccines against viruses, bacteria and cancer. It is also pointed out that the understanding of the chemical and biochemical processes related to immunization allows the modern chemist to rationally design carbohydrate vaccines with improved efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy. francesco.peri@unimib.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peri
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D050091:Dendrimers; D000939:Epitopes; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic