title: Assessment of circulating concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in dogs with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate plasma concentrations of inflammatory mediators in dogs with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome, identify a possible role for these mediators in the syndrome, and investigate the relationship between plasma concentrations of inflammatory mediators and severity of clinical signs.
  
  
  METHODS
  17 dogs with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome and 10 mesocephalic (control) dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A blood sample was collected once from each dog. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10, and IL-13 were measured with ELISAs. Nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were determined with a Griess test. For analysis, brachycephalic dogs were categorized into groups depending on weight (small [< 16 kg]) and large [≥ 16 kg]) or on whether they required medical or surgical treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control dog values, plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17A were significantly higher in brachycephalic dogs and markedly so for brachycephalic dogs that required surgery; findings for small and large brachycephalic dogs did not differ. A similar pattern of differences between control and brachycephalic dogs was identified for plasma NO concentration. Plasma IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations in control and brachycephalic dogs did not differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In brachycephalic dogs, plasma TNF-α, IL-10, IL-13, L-17A, and NO concentrations were higher than values in control dogs and appeared to be associated with disease severity. These variables may be useful as indicators of inflammatory processes associated with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rancan
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romussi
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albertini
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vara
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez de la Muela
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009569:Nitric Oxide