title: Quantitative characterization of agglomerate abrasion in a tumbling blender by using the Stokes number approach.
abstract: Removal of microcrystalline cellulose agglomerates in a dry-mixing system (lactose, 100 M) predominantly occurs via abrasion. The agglomerate abrasion rate potential is estimated by the Stokes abrasion (StAbr) number of the system. The StAbr number equals the ratio between the kinetic energy density of the moving powder bed and the work of fracture of the agglomerate. Basically, the StAbr number concept describes the blending condition of the dry-mixing system. The concept has been applied to investigate the relevance of process parameters on agglomerate abrasion in tumbling blenders. Here, process parameters such as blender rotational speed and relative fill volumes were investigated. In this study, the StAbr approach revealed a transition point between abrasion rate behaviors. Below this transition point, a blending condition exists where agglomerate abrasion is dominated by the kinetic energy density of the powder blend. Above this transition point, a blending condition exists where agglomerates show (undesirable) slow abrasion rates. In this situation, the blending condition is mainly determined by the high fill volume of the filler.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands. tofan.willemsz@merck.com
authors.forename: Tofan A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Willemsz
authors.forename: Tien Thanh
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hooijmaijers
authors.forename: Henderik W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Frijlink
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vromans
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van der Voort Maarschalk
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D011208:Powders
chemical_list: D011208:Powders