title: Nano total hip replacement in 12 dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the short-term clinical outcome of nano total hip replacement (NanoTHR) in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs (n = 12).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records (2009-2011) of dogs that had nano-THR were reviewed for signalment, weight, clinical signs, side, age, prosthesis sizes, concurrent surgeries performed, complications, operative time, 3-month postoperative pelvic radiograph results, and lameness scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breeds were Yorkshire Terriers (n = 6), Toy Poodles (2), with 1 each of Maltese, Pomeranian, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, and Shih-Tzu. Median body was 4.87 kg (range, 2.5-5.90 kg) and median age, 35.75 months (range, 12-144 months). Radiographs were taken in 4 dogs at 12 days (n = 2), 14 days (1), and 30 days (1) after surgery because of presentation for an acute grade 5 lameness. Three dogs had femoral fractures distal to the femoral implant tip and 1 dog displaced the acetabular implant medially. After revision surgery, all femoral fractures were assessed as healed with intact plate fixation. The dog with the medially displaced acetabular component responded to conservative management including strict confinement and analgesic administration. Eight dogs (58%) were assigned a grade 1 lameness and 4 dogs were grade 2 (33%) at 12-week examination. The 3 dogs with grade 5 lameness scores found to have femoral fractures within 1 month after surgery, subsequently improved to grade 1 (n = 1) and 2 (2) 12 weeks after revision surgery. The dog with medial acetabular displacement improved to a grade 2 lameness 12 weeks after conservative management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although all 12 dogs had good-to-excellent outcomes, 33% experienced significant complications associated with the technique. As improvements in instrumentation and refinements in the technique are developed, NanoTHR can be considered an alternative to the femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) or medical management of coxofemoral disease for toy breed dogs. Further studies with a larger number of dogs and longer follow-up times are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY 11803, USA. DMarino@LIVS.org
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ireifej
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loughin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006619:Hip Dysplasia, Canine / Q000601:surgery*; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies