title: Physangulidine A, a withanolide from Physalis angulata, perturbs the cell cycle and induces cell death by apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Recently, our group reported the discovery of three new withanolides, physangulidines A-C, from Physalis angulata. In this study, the biological effects of physangulidine A (1), which was the most active and abundant of the three new constituents, are described. It was found that 1 significantly reduces survival in clonogenic assays for two hormone-independent prostate cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy studies in DU145 human prostate cancer cells indicated that 1 induces cell cycle arrest in the G(2)/M phase and causes defective mitosis. It was determined also that 1 produces programed cell death by apoptosis, as evidenced by biochemical markers and distinct changes in cell morphology. These results imply that the antimitotic and proapoptotic effects of 1 may contribute significantly to the biological activities and potential medicinal properties of its plant of origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
authors.forename: E Merit
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Reyes-Reyes
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Abraham J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vaisberg
authors.forename: Gerald B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bates
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D015394:Molecular Structure; D032321:Physalis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D054358:Withanolides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D054358:Withanolides; C572271:physangulidine A