title: Disturbances of motivational balance in chronic schizophrenia during decision-making tasks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of feedback processing in decision-making has been assessed in psychiatric patients using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Although impaired performance on the IGT has been documented extensively in schizophrenia patients, the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying the performance deficits have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological origins of impaired decision-making in schizophrenia patients using various versions of the IGT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty chronic schizophrenia patients and 33 healthy subjects underwent computerized versions of the IGT, the Variant Gambling Task (VGT), and the Shuffled Gambling Task (SGT) to assess the contributions of motivational balance and reversal learning on IGT performance. In addition, performance on the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST) was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The schizophrenia patients exhibited deficits on the IGT and SGT, particularly in later trials. No significant group difference was detected on the VGT due to the improved performance of schizophrenia patients in the earlier trials. Performance on the gambling tasks in the schizophrenia group did not correlate with performance on the WCST or with the severity of clinical symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deficits in motivational balance, but not reversal learning, play a dominant role in the impaired decision-making of patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Yang-Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hansem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Seungyeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jihoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Bradley S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Jaeseung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012193:Reversal Learning; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology