title: Effects of gender and age on serum concentrations of antidepressants under naturalistic conditions.
abstract: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data of antidepressant drugs are often evaluated using homogeneous samples of selected individuals without psychiatric or somatic comorbidity. These data may have limitations in transferability to everyday clinical practice. Hence, studies under naturalistic conditions are important to clarify the full clinical relevance of TDM of antidepressants. TDM analyses were retrospectively evaluated for a 3-year period from 2008 to 2010. The influence of gender and age on dose-corrected serum concentrations of antidepressants was examined in a standard clinical setting. 693 TDM analyses of amitriptyline and nortriptyline (AMI + NOR), 160 of citalopram (CIT), 152 of clomipramine and N-clomipramine (CLO + N-CLO), 272 of doxepine and N-doxepine (DOX + N-DOX), 359 of escitalopram (ESC), 198 of fluoxetine and N-fluoxetine (FLU + N-FLU), 92 of maprotiline (MAP), 888 of mirtazapine (MIR), and 77 of sertraline (SER) remained in the sample. Females had significantly higher dose-corrected serum concentrations of AMI + NOR (32 %), CIT (29 %), DOX + N-DOX (29 %), and MIR (20 %), and patients older than 60 years had significantly higher dose-corrected serum concentrations of AMI + NOR (21 %), CIT (40 %), DOX + N-DOX (48 %), MAP (46 %), MIR (24 %), and SER (67 %). Comparing the two extreme groups, females >60 years showed a remarkably higher dose-corrected serum concentration of AMI + NOR (52 %), CIT (78 %), DOX + N-DOX (86 %), and MIR (41 %) in contrast to males ≤60 years. Gender and age have a significant influence on the serum concentrations of different antidepressant drugs, and additive effects must be considered. TDM is recommended to reduce the risk of adverse effects due to supratherapeutic serum levels, also in a naturalistic clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. Unterecker_S@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unterecker
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riederer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Proft
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deckert
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfuhlmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents