title: Trends in the surgical treatment of pathologic proximal femur fractures among Musculoskeletal Tumor Society members.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several strategies for the treatment of pathologic proximal femur fractures are practiced but treatment outcomes have not been rigorously compared.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Major variations in the use of intramedullary fixation, extramedullary/plate-screw fixation, and endoprosthetic reconstruction techniques for pathologic proximal femur fractures in patients with skeletal metastases are reported. The clinical and surgical variables that influence this choice differ among treating surgeons. To characterize the technique preferences and to identify areas of consensus regarding specific clinical presentations, we administered an online survey to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) membership. We also tested whether responses correlated with the respondents' years in practice and asked about the indications for wide tumor resection and the role of tumor debulking and adjuvant cementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-minute, web-based survey was sent via email to 244 MSTS members. The survey queried participants' musculoskeletal oncology training and experience and presented case scenarios illustrating different combinations of four variables that influence decision-making: cancer type, estimated patient survival, fracture displacement, and anatomic region of involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one percent (n = 98) of MSTS members completed the survey. Intramedullary nail fixation (IMN; 45%) and proximal femur resection and reconstruction (34%) were the most commonly recommended techniques followed by long-stem cemented hemiarthroplasty/cemented hemiarthroplasty (15%) and open reduction and internal fixation (7%). Most respondents (56%) recommended use of cementation with IMN. Differences of opinion on recommended treatment were associated with variations in cancer type, fracture displacement, and anatomic region of involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our online survey showed a trend among MSTS members for selecting IMN and arthroplasty-related techniques to treat pathologic fractures of the proximal femur, but major differences in preferred operative technique exist. Prospective studies are needed to develop consistent, evidence-based treatment recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Spectrum Health Medical Group, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steensma
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Healey
mesh_terms: D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D016267:External Fixators; D005265:Femoral Neck Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D023821:Limb Salvage / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008495:Medical Oncology; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012955:Societies, Medical