title: [Regulation of NOD like receptors and inflammasome during the inflammation].
abstract: The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the rapid recognition and elimination of invading microbes. Detection of microbes relies on germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize essential bacterial molecules, so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). A subset of PRRs, belonging to the nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) families, detects viral and bacterial pathogens in the cytosol of host cells and induces the assembly of a multi-protein signaling platform called the inflammasome. The inflammasome serves as an activation platform for the cysteine protease Caspase-1, a central mediator of innate immunity. Caspase-1 initiates a novel form of cell death called pyroptosis. Inflammasome activation by pathogen-associated signatures results in the autocatalytic cleavage of Caspase-1 and ultimately leads to the processing and thus secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, most importantly interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Here, we review the recent advancements of negative regulatory functions and mechanisms leading to the activation of NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasomes.
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: An-Nan
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tie-Ying
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D020170:Caspase 1; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D058847:Inflammasomes; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D020170:Caspase 1