title: A novel stimuli-synchronized alloy-treated matrix for space-defined gastrointestinal delivery of mesalamine in the Large White pig model.
abstract: The study focussed on designing a Stimuli-Synchronized Matrix (SSM) for space-defined colonic delivery of the anti-inflammatory drug mesalamine. The configured matrix provided time-independent delivery and stimuli targeting. Formulations were optimized according to a Box-Behnken experimental design that constituted mesalamine-loaded BaSO4-crosslinked chitosan dispersed within a pectin, carboxymethylcellulose and xanthan gum complex. The complex was compressed into matrices and subsequently alloy-treated with pectin and ethylcellulose. In vitro drug release was determined in the presence and absence of colonic enzymes and the mean dissolution time was used for formulation optimization. To mechanistically elucidate the synchronous catalytic action of the enzymes pectinase and glucosidase on the matrix, computer-aided 3D modelling of active fractions of the enzyme-substrate complexes was generated to predict the orientation of residues affecting the substrate domain. Drug release profiles revealed distinct colonic enzyme responsiveness with fractions of 0.402 and 0.152 of mesalamine released in the presence and absence of enzymes, respectively after 24h. The commercial comparator product showed irreproducible release profiles over the same period (SD=0.550) compared to the SSM formulation (SD=0.037). FTIR spectra of alloy-treated matrices showed no peaks from 1589 to 1512cm(-1) after colonic enzyme exposure. With increasing enzyme exposure there were also no peaks between 1646 and 1132cm(-1). This indicated polymeric enzyme cleavage for controlled and space-defined release of mesalamine. Plasma concentration profiles in the Large White pig model produced a Cmax of 3.77±1.375μg/mL compared to 10.604±2.846μg/mL for the comparator formulation. The SSM formulation proved superior over the comparator product by providing superiorly controlled enzyme-responsive colonic drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bawa
authors.forename: Yahya E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Choonara
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: du Toit
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Valence M K
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ndesendo
authors.forename: Leith C R
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Viness
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pillay
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D001466:Barium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D003106:Colon / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry; D011096:Polygalacturonase / Q000378:metabolism; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013552:Swine; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011122:Polyphosphates; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D019804:Mesalamine; D010368:Pectins; D048271:Chitosan; D011096:Polygalacturonase; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; C005692:triphosphoric acid; C002563:xanthan gum