title: Venous thromboembolism in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke acute ischemic stroke population: incidence and patterns of prophylaxis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE), represents a serious complication in hospitalized ischemic stroke patients. This study examines the incidence of VTE and the patterns of VTE prophylaxis in acute ischemic stroke patients deemed appropriate for VTE prophylaxis (nonambulatory) in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-S) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from 149,916 patients who were admitted with acute ischemic stroke and enrolled in GWTG-S from 1259 U.S. hospitals. Patient variables and site characteristics were analyzed in relation to reported administration of VTE prophylaxis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall rate of VTE prophylaxis in the analysis cohort was 93% (139,476/149,916). The median site prophylaxis rate was 95%, and prophylaxis rates ranged from 17% (1 site) to 100% (101 sites). Factors associated with increased likelihood of VTE prophylaxis in the multivariable model included history of atrial fibrillation/flutter, receipt of intravenous or intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator, and admission to an academic hospital. Increasing age, black race, and a history of peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, or stroke were associated with lower likelihood of prophylaxis. Patients receiving care in the Midwest were less likely to receive prophylaxis compared to other regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a high overall rate of VTE prophylaxis, VTE was found to occur in approximately 3% of GWTG-S patients. Reported rates of VTE prophylaxis differed among hospitals by region and hospital type, and among patients by age, race, and medical comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Penn State Hershey Stroke Center, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: G Logan
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Douds
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Anne S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hellkamp
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: DaiWai M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Gregg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fonarow
authors.affiliation: Calgary Stroke Program, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Stroke Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Lee H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Schwamm
authors.affiliation: Penn State Hershey Stroke Center, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: kcockroft@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cockroft
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult