title: [Torticollis and seizures due to neuroborreliosis in a child].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In children, neuroborreliosis often manifests itself as cranial neuritis (particularly facial palsy) or aseptic meningitis. Presentation with torticollis and simple partial seizures resulting from diffuse leptomeningeal inflammation is rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  A seven-year-old boy who had developed torticollis and partial seizures, lost weight and was complaining of tiredness was seen by a paediatric neurologist. A brain and spinal cord MRI showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement, in combination with a hyperintense cervical cord lesion. Laboratory testing of serum and cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the diagnosis of neuroborreliosis. The boy was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone for 30 days and made a full recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As illustrated by this case neuroborreliosis can manifest itself atypically with torticollis, seizures and diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement due to inflammation. If there is leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI then neuroborreliosis should be included in the differential diagnosis. In childhood neuroborreliosis can be successfully treated and the prognosis is good.
authors.affiliation: VU Medisch Centrum Amsterdam, Afd. Kinderneurologie, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. mvanbreemen@casema.nl
authors.forename: Mèlanie S M
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: van Breemen
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Kuip
authors.forename: C Wim
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: A Marceline
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Furth
authors.forename: Nicole I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D020852:Lyme Neuroborreliosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014103:Torticollis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone