title: Antiurolithiatic and antioxidant activity of Hordeum vulgare seeds on ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to investigate the antiurolithiatic and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Hordeum vulgare seeds (EHV) on ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in Wistar albino rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urolithiasis was produced in Wistar albino rats by adding 0.75% v/v ethylene glycol (EG) to drinking water for 28 days. The ethanolic extract of Hordeum vulgare seeds (EHV) was assessed for its curative and preventive action in urolithiasis. In preventive treatment, the EHV given from 1st day to 28th day, while in the curative regimen, the EHV was given from 15th day to 28th day. Various renal functional and injury markers such as urine volume, calcium, phosphate, uric acid, magnesium, urea, and oxalate were evaluated using urine, serum, and kidney homogenate. Antioxidant parameters such as lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EHV treatment (both preventive and curative) increased the urine output significantly compared to the control. The EHV treatment significantly reduced the urinary excretion of the calcium, phosphate, uric acid, magnesium, urea, and oxalate and increased the excretion of citrate compared to EG control. The increased deposition of stone forming constituents in the kidneys of calculogenic rats were significantly lowered by curative and preventive treatment with EHV. It was also observed that the treatment with EHV produced significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, and increased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the usefulness of ethanolic extract of Hordeum vulgare seeds as an antiurolithiatic and antioxidant agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Jignesh G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Bharat G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Sandip B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Ravindra K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005260:Female; D001467:Hordeum; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D051379:Mice; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019855:Ethylene Glycol