title: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical manifestations and evaluation.
abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a very common condition, related to aging and causing symptoms, called lower urinary tract symptoms. On account of its huge prevalence, it is important for clinicians who are involved in the management of patients with BPH to be aware of the very strict recommendations for BPH evaluation. In this article, we describe the different steps and procedures doctors should follow to evaluate these patients; symptoms and signs of BPH are reviewed, as well as the clinical evaluation steps and examinations available. The basic evaluation of the patients with BPH should include, according to the recommendations of the most relevant international guidelines, lower urinary tract symptoms evaluation with appropriate symptom scores, digital rectal examination, voiding charts, prostate-specific antigen and creatinine measurement, urinalysis, and imaging of the urinary tract.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria and Instituto da Próstata e Incontinência Urinária Lisboa, Portugal. josesantosdias@gmail.com
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santos Dias
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers