title: Ameliorative effects of Syzygium jambolanum extract and its poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid nano-encapsulated form on arsenic-induced hyperglycemic stress: a multi-parametric evaluation.
abstract: In South East Asia, groundwater arsenic contamination has become a great menace. Chronic arsenic intoxication leads to a hyperglycemic condition in animals and man. Because of undesirable side-effects and affordability, orthodox medicine, like insulin, is not preferred by many who like natural products instead. Unfortunately, such natural products mostly lack scientific validation. Therefore, we became interested in assessing the efficacy of the ethanolic seed extract of Syzygium jambolanum (SJ), traditionally used against diabetic conditions. We also formulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-encapsulated nano-SJ (NSJ) and tested whether the ameliorative potentials of SJ could be enhanced by nano-encapsulation. In this study, we conducted both in vitro (in L6 cells) and in vivo (in mice) experiments to assess the relative efficacy of SJ and NSJ. We characterized the physico-chemical features of NSJ by atomic force microscopy and critically analyzed several bio-markers and signal proteins associated with arsenic-induced stress and hyperglycemia. We also determined the relative ameliorative potentials of SJ and NSJ by using standard protocols. NSJ could cross the blood brain barrier in mice. Overall results suggested that NSJ had a greater potential than that of SJ, indicating the possibility of using NSJ in the future drug design and management of arsenic-induced hyperglycemia and stress.
authors.affiliation: Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India.
authors.forename: Asmita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samadder
authors.forename: Sreemanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Jayeeta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Avijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Anisur Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khuda-Bukhsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D053769:Nanocapsules; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D051381:Rats; D012639:Seeds; D027842:Syzygium
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D053769:Nanocapsules; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D001151:Arsenic