title: Predictive factors for disability outcome at twenty weeks and two years following a pain self-management group intervention in patients with persistent neck pain in primary health care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore possible predictors associated with short-term (post-treatment) and long-term (2 years) treatment success in terms of pain-related disability for patients with persistent neck pain following a pain and stress self-management intervention (PASS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 77 participants assigned to PASS in a randomized controlled trial were explored to identify possible predictors of favourable outcome regarding pain-related disability as measured by the Neck Disability Index (NDI), by use of Pearson correlation analysis, partial least squares (PLS) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses. Data from self-assessment questionnaires completed by the participants before, post-treatment (i.e. 20 weeks after inclusion) and 2 years after inclusion in the study, were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate PLS regression analysis showed that baseline scores in NDI, the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES) and pain intensity explained 31% of the variance in disability (NDI) post-treatment. Multivariate PLS regression analysis showed that post-treatment scores in NDI, SES and pain intensity explained 68% of the variance in disability (NDI) at 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment gains, as measured by post-treatment scores at 20-week follow-up, in disability, self-efficacy and pain intensity were associated with long-term outcome in pain-related disability at 2 years, in patients with persistent neck pain participating in a self-management group intervention in primary health care.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden. catharina.gustavsson@ltdalarna.se
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gustavsson
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Denison
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Koch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012648:Self Care; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires