title: Amino acid 316 of hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase stalk length influence virulence of H9N2 influenza virus in chickens and mice.
abstract: H9N2 influenza viruses with an A316S substitution in hemagglutinin (HA) and a shorter neuraminidase (NA) stalk have become predominant in China. The A316S was shown to increase HA cleavage efficiency when combined with short stalk NA, and the short stalk NA improved NA enzyme activity and release of virus from erythrocytes. Single mutations or combinations of these mutations strengthened the virulence of H9N2 virus in chickens and mice.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yipeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Honglei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.forename: Hanchun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yanbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Wenhai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D004285:Dogs; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000821:virology; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000821:virology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000821:virology; D057074:Virus Release
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D009439:Neuraminidase