title: The factor structure of the Chinese version of the Temperament and Character Inventory: factorial robustness and association with age and gender.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the factor structure of the 144-item Chinese version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and its association with age and gender in a large non-clinical population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 1966 non-clinical participants in China who completed the TCI Chinese version. They were randomly divided into two independent samples. One sample (n=983) was used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the other (n=983) for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An EFA suggested a four-factor structure for temperament domains and a three-factor structure for character domains. This was confirmed by a CFA. Women showed significantly higher scores on harm avoidance, reward dependence, co-operativeness, and self-transcendence than men. Age affected every subscale expect for reward dependence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The factor structure of the Chinese TCI was similar to the original factor structure, with some differences reflecting the culture of a Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, 601 Rongdu Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu 610083, PR China. nistress31@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Zi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002605:Character; D002681:China; D003469:Culture; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult