title: Diagnosis and treatment of clear cell hidradenocarcinoma of the scalp.
abstract: Clear cell hidradenocarcinoma (CCH) is an exceedingly rare and highly malignant tumor of the eccrine sweat glands. Its treatment is extremely difficult due to the characteristically aggressive clinical course including repeated local recurrence and uncontrollable distal metastasis coming along with a very poor prognosis. Most published case studies recommend a wide surgical excision followed by adjuvant conservative therapy, which is generally considered to be the standard treatment. Two cases of nodular CCH of the scalp either presenting as a singular primary lesion or at an already metastatic stage were analyzed retrospectively. Wide local excision of the tumor couldn't prevent the primary carcinoma from recurring and metastasizing. Both cases received various therapies but the results were unsatisfactory. Although most authors have recommended that early wide surgical excision of the tumor is a feasible therapeutic measurement, our results raise doubts on the efficacy of this treatment strategy. As alternative approaches (i.e. chemotherapy, radiotherapy) are similarly controversial, further studies and a wide exchange of clinical experiences are crucial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Qungen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Lab of Molecular Neurosurgery, Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery of Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Büchele
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Suojun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. matthias_jiang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012535:Scalp / Q000473:pathology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology