title: Caries experience among children with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the association among type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), caries experience, and salivary glucose in 12- to 15-year-olds in Kuwait.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design was chosen involving 53 DM patients and 53 nondiabetic controls,  group-matched by age and sex to the experimental group. The DM patients comprised 2 groups: (1) 14 controlled DM children (glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c=<8); and (2) 39 children with uncontrolled DM (HbA1c>8). The children's caries experience, at the precavitation and cavitation diagnostic  threshold, was measured. In addition, their frequency of sugar consumption, plaque index, salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, as well as mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and yeast counts were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DM children had significantly higher caries experience both at  precavitation and cavitation diagnostic thresholds, than the control group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed age, frequency of sugar consumption, and resting salivary flow rate to be significantly associated with high caries experience among the diabetic children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caries experience was significantly higher in children with type 1 diabetes than in nondiabetic controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait. akpataes@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Enosakhare Samuel
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Akpata
authors.forename: Qasem
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Alomari
authors.forename: Olusequn A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Mojiminiyi
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Sanae
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000150:complications*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007730:Kuwait; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D012636:Secretory Rate; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose