title: Higher powered magnification improved endodontic surgery outcomes.
abstract: METHODS
  Medline, Embase and PubMed databases were searched together with hand-searches of a range of journals (Journal of Endodontics, International Endodontic Journal, Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontics, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical studies in several languages (English, French, German, Italian and Spanish) with a minimum follow-up of six months evaluated using clinical and radiographic examination included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment and data abstraction were carried out independently. Weighted pooled success rates and relative risk assessment between TRS and EMS were calculated and a meta-analysis was carried out using a random effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Weighted pooled success rates calculated from extracted raw data showed an 88% positive outcome for CRS (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8455-0.9164) and 94% for EMS (95% CI, 0.8889-0.9816). This difference was statistically significant (P < .0005). Relative risk ratio analysis showed that the probability of success for EMS was 1.07 times that for CRS. Seven studies provided information on the individual tooth type. The probability of success between the groups was statistically significant in favour of EMS for molars, but no significant difference was found for anteriors or premolars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The probability for success for EMS proved to be significantly greater than the probability for success for CRS, providing best available evidence on the influence of high-power magnification rendered by the dental operating microscope or the endoscope.
authors.affiliation: NYU College of Dentistry, New York, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levenson