title: Symptom load and functional status: results from the Ullensaker population study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence to support that the number of self-reported symptoms is a strong predictor of health outcomes. In studies examining the link between symptoms and functional status, focus has traditionally been on individual symptoms or specific groups of symptoms. We aim to identify associations between the number of self-reported symptoms and functional status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was sent to people in seven age groups (N = 3227) in Ullensaker municipality in Southern Norway. The Standardised Nordic Questionnaire and the Subjective Health Complaints Inventory were used to record 10 musculoskeletal symptoms and 13 non-musculoskeletal symptoms, respectively. Four COOP-WONCA charts were used to measure functional status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a strong linear association between the number of self-reported symptoms and functional status. The number of symptoms explained 39.2% of the variance in functional status after adjusting for the effects of age and sex. Including individual symptoms instead of only the number of symptoms made little difference to the effect of musculoskeletal pain but affected the influence of non-muscular symptoms. Including even minor problems captured substantially more of the variance in functional status than including only serious problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strong association between the number of symptoms and functional status, irrespective of type of symptom, might indicate that the symptoms share some common characteristics. The simple act of counting symptoms may provide an approach to study the relationships between health and function in population studies and might be valuable in research on medically unexplained conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bruusgaard
authors.forename: Hedda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tschudi-Madsen
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ihlebæk
authors.forename: Yusman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamaleri
authors.forename: Bård
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Natvig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*