title: TiO2-based phosphoproteomic analysis of schistosomes: characterization of phosphorylated proteins in the different stages and sex of Schistosoma japonicum.
abstract: Protein phosphorylation is an important posttranslational modification in many organisms that regulates numerous cellular processes. However, it remains poorly characterized in schistosomes, the causative agent of schistosomiasis in humans and related animals. In the present study, we characterized phosphorylated proteins in different stages and sex of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) including schistosomula (14 days), adult females (35 days), and adult males (35 days) by a titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) based phosphoproteomic method. A total of 180 phosphopeptides were identified in 148 proteins. Our further studies revealed that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), one of the phosphoproteins codetected in the different stage and sex of schistosomes, may play an important role in the regulation of schistosome development by directly or indirectly interacting with other codetected signal molecules. Additionally, some phosphoproteins were shown to be detected in a gender-specific manner, and the expressions of these proteins were further validated either by immunohistochemistry or by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at transcript levels between male and female schistosomes. In summary, these findings as well as the providing of an inventory of phosphoproteins are expected to provide new insights into schistosome development and sexual maturation and then may result in the development of novel interventions against schistosomiasis.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China. cheng_guofeng@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Guofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jiaojiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zhaofang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Beimin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000469:parasitology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012737:Sex Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium