title: Predictive factors for successful vessel-intact laparoscopic orchiopexy for intra-abdominal testes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the predictive factors for successful vessel-intact laparoscopic orchiopexy (VILO) for nonpalpable intra-abdominal testes (NPIT).
  
  
  METHODS
  25 boys with 28 NPITs within 2 cm of the internal ring underwent VILO. They were divided into two groups based upon outcome, for statistical comparison. Group A (successful VILO): patients with testes pexed in scrotum during surgery, and maintained viability and scrotal position of testes at 3-month & 6-month postoperative follow up. Group B: failed VILO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intrascrotal fixation at VILO was achievable for 17/28 NPITs. Postoperative follow up and final outcome data were available for 25/28 NPITs, of which 14 were successful (A) while 11 had failed VILO (B). The mean age of patients in group A differed significantly from that of patients in group B (4.16 years versus 6.64 years; p = 0.035). The mean testis-to-internal ring distance was 0.50 cm for group A and 1.05 cm for group B, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.141). There was statistically a highly significant difference (p = 0.002) with respect to the mean internal ring-to-midscrotum distances in groups A and B: 5.56 cm and 7.05 cm, respectively. A scatter-plot of age or height against internal ring-to-midscrotum distance showed a fairly linear relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age or height of the patient at surgery is an independent factor predicting the success of VILO for intra-abdominal testis. The internal ring-to-midscrotum distance increases with age/height, resulting in increased testis-to-midscrotum distance and higher failure rate of VILO in older children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagga
authors.forename: Narinder
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teckchandani
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Shabnam B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: Devendra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Samir K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Acharya
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D056126:Orchiopexy / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012611:Scrotum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome