title: Combined ultrasound and Fenton (US-Fenton) process for the treatment of ammunition wastewater.
abstract: A wastewater collected from a regional ammunition process site was treated with combined US-Fenton process. Factors such as pH, temperature, reaction time, US energy intensity, initial TOC concentration, and the molar ratio of iron to hydrogen peroxide that might affect the treatment efficiency were investigated. The removal of TOC, COD, and color increased with decreasing pH and increasing temperature and US intensity. Color was removed rapidly reaching 85% in 10 min; whereas TOC and COD were removed slowly, only about 20% for both in 10 min and approaching 65 and 92% removal in 120 min, respectively. The optimal molar ratio of Fe(II) to H(2)O(2) for TOC and COD removal was 500. The results showed that the change in the average carbon oxidation number (ACON) was parallel to that of the removal efficiency of TOC, COD, and color. The toxicity of treated wastewater was reduced as assessed by the respiration rate of Escherichia coli.
authors.affiliation: College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Yangang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-Pin
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Rovshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahmudov
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D010782:Photolysis; D013010:Sonication; D013696:Temperature; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D054041:Weapons
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007501:Iron; D016877:Oxidants; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical