title: Isolates and antibiotic resistance of culture-proven endophthalmitis cases presented to a referral center in Tehran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the spectrum of organisms causing endophthalmitis and their resistance pattern to standard antimicrobial agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of culture positive eyes treated at Rassoul Akram Hospital for endophthalmitis during the past 5 years were reviewed. Specimens were obtained during pars plana vitrectomy or vitreous tap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-five isolates including 36 (55.4%) gram-positive organisms, 28 gram-negative organisms (43.1%), and 1 (1.5%) fungus were studied. The most common organism identified was Coagulase-negative staphylococcus in 16 eyes (24.6%). Among the antibiotics available for intravitreal injection, the least antibiotic resistance was for vancomycin in gram-positive organisms and amikacin and ceftazidime in gram-negative isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gram-positive isolates were the most prevalent organisms; however, a high isolation rate for gram-negative organisms was obtained. Considering that no single antibiotic provides coverage for all of the organisms, a combination therapy using vancomycin/amikacin or vancomycin/ceftazidime seems to be useful as the initial empiric treatment of suspected bacterial endophthalmitis.
authors.affiliation: Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Khalil Ghasemi
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Falavarjani
authors.forename: Shahbaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nekoozadeh
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modarres
authors.forename: Mohammad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Parvaresh
authors.forename: Masih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soodi
authors.forename: Sayyed Amirpooya
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Alemzadeh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents