title: Mechanisms, prevention and treatment of distal embolization.
abstract: Distal embolization (DE) can be either spontaneous or iatrogenic, occurring during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The nature, composition and biochemical properties of embolized material differ according to the setting in which DE occurs: acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or stable coronary artery disease (CAD). DE occurrence is related to increased cardiac biomarkers, negative left ventricular remodeling and associated with a poor prognosis. Prevention and treatment of DE represent some of the most debated topics in interventional cardiology. This review paper is focused on mechanisms of DE and on the strategies for its prevention and treatment in both ACS and stable CAD.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, San Donato Hospital, Via Pietro Nenni 22 - 52100 Arezzo, Italy. italo.porto@gmail.com
authors.forename: Italo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Giovanni Luigi
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: De Maria
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pieroni
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bolognese
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications; D004617:Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis