title: Perventricular device closure of isolated muscular ventricular septal defect in infants: a single centre experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prospective single centre experience of mid-term safety and efficacy of perventricular device closure of isolated large muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD) in high-risk infants.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Surgical closures of large mVSD in infants represent a challenge with significant morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2008-2010, perventricular closure was attempted in 24 infants of 6.01 ± 2.37 months age and 4.27 ± 0.56 kg weight under TEE guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The device was successfully deployed in 21/24 infants. Size of mVSD was 8.42 ± 1.46 mm (6.1-12 mm). Mean procedure time was 28.8 ± 11.7 min. The closure rate was 84% immediately and 100% at 6 months. Four patients suffered major complications: 2-died, 1-esophageal perforation, 1-persistent CHB. At 26.23 ± 6.63 months follow-up two patients were symptomatic: 1-required device retrieval, 1-died of severe gastroenteritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perventricular device closure of isolated mVSD appears feasible option at mid-term follow-up and may either substitute or complement the conventional surgical technique in selected cases depending on institutional paediatric cardiac surgery performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, U N Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India. bthakkarin@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Bhavesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thakkar
authors.forename: Nehal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Shaunak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poptani
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.forename: Chirag
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Vaishali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prajapati
mesh_terms: D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D016896:Treatment Outcome