title: Comparative study of Candida by conventional and CHROMagar method in non-denture and denture wearers by oral rinse technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Candidal species colonizes the oral cavities of healthy individuals without dentures and also of denture wearers. Soft liners and tissue conditioning materials have been found to support the growth of Candida albicans which may predispose to lesions. The most important and common candidal species are C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. C albicans is usually isolated from both the fitting surface of the denture and the denture-bearing mucosa of the affected patients. The aim of this study was to isolate, quantify, and speciate candidal species in non-denture wearers (controls) and denture wearers (study group) by the oral rinse technique. Isolation was done using Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Speciation was done using conventional methods like the germ tube test, carbohydrate fermentation test, urease test, as well as the CHROMagar method.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  1) To assess the prevalence of Candida in non-denture wearers and in denture wearers by oral rinse technique, with isolation on SDA; 2) to speciate and quantify Candida in non-denture wearers and denture wearers by using conventional methods (germ tube test, carbohydrate fermentation test, urease test) and the CHROMagar method; 3) to assess the influence of smoking and diabetes on candidal species among the denture wearers; and 4) to assess the sensitivity and specificity of SDA and CHRO Magar.
  
  
  METHODS
  Salivary samples for Candida evaluation were collected from the subjects in sterile sample containers, using the oral rinse technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C glabrata was the most commonly found species among denture wearers and non-denture wearers both by conventional and CHROMagar methods. In males, C. albicans was the predominant species, whereas C. glabrata was the predominant species in females. Candidal colonization was higher in denture wearers compared to non-denture wearers, especially among females. The CHROMagar method was more rapid compared to conventional methods. In the present study, CHROMagar Candida showed 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity when compared to SDA and conventional methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kavitha
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sriram
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Saraswathi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sivapathasundharam
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dorothy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000362:Agar; D000368:Aged; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D003824:Denture, Complete / Q000382:microbiology; D003832:Denture, Partial, Removable / Q000382:microbiology; D003778:Dentures / Q000382:microbiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D056229:Fungal Structures / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009172:Mycology / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking; D014510:Urease
chemical_list: D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D003470:Culture Media; D009067:Mouthwashes; D000362:Agar; D014510:Urease