title: Immuno-modulatory effects of vitamin D3 in human monocyte and macrophages.
abstract: Vitamin D3 [1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3)], involved in the regulation of body calcium homeostasis, promotes immature myeloid precursor cells differentiation into monocytes/macrophages. In this study we compared the regulatory interaction between 1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, (IL)-6, TNF-α, toll like receptors (TLR)-2 and (TLR)-4 in freshly isolated human monocyte (MonoT0) and in macrophages cultured for seven days (MØT7). Additionally, we detected the effect of 1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3) on macrophages chemotaxis. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as TLR-2 and TLR-4 in MonoT0 and in MØT7 was examined by real time RT-PCR. Macrophages chemotaxis was analyzed by using horizontal chemotaxis agarose spot assay. We found that 1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3) influences macrophages chemotaxis and differently modulates the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and TLRs in the two different stages of monocytes/macrophage maturation. In conclusion our data add new information about the role of 1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3) on the expression of inflammatory mediators in human monocyte/macrophages, underlying the complex function of these cells. Investigating the differences in the pattern of expression of immune-mediators produced by MonoT0 and MØT7 may provide a new way to examine their biochemical and molecular function and may constitute a model system with well-defined behavior with respect to early or tardive events in the innate immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-medical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Rosa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malaguarnera
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Gregorio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nunnari
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malaguarnera
mesh_terms: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002117:Calcitriol