title: Memory enhancement by traditional Chinese medicine?
abstract: Cognitive repair by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) through activation of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is well established, but not used for clinical therapy due to its link to cancer. We hypothesize that IGF-IR activation rather than IGF-I per se may be essential for cognitive repair and attempted to identify ligands from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with drug-like potential towards IGF-IR. TCM ligands, 3-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone from Isatisin digotica, (+)-N-methyllaurotetanine from Lindera aggregate, and (+)-1(R)-Coclaurine from Nelumbonucifera Gaertn, exhibited high binding affinities and good blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration crucial for accessing IGF-IR. Stable complex formation of the candidates was observed during molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Interactions with Leu975 and Gly1055 or Asp1056 were important for ligand binding. Amino acid distance analysis revealed residues 974/975, 984-986, 996-1006, 1040-1056, and 1122-1135 as "hotspots" for ligand binding in IGF-IR. Versatile entry pathways for the TCM candidates suggest high accessibility to the binding site. Blockage of the binding site opening by the TCM candidates limits binding site access by other compounds. Multiple linear regression (R² = 0.9715), support vector machine (R² = 0.9084), Bayesian network (R² =0.8233) comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA, R² = 0.9941), and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA, R² = 0.9877) models consistently suggest that the TCM candidates might exert bioactivity on IGF-IR. Contour of representative MD conformations to CoMFA and CoMSIA maps exhibits similar results. Properties including BBB passage, evidence of ability to form stable complexes with IGF-IR by MD simulation, and predicted bioactivity suggest that the TCM candidates have drug-like properties and might have potential as cognitive-enhancing drugs.
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung , 40402 , Taiwan .
authors.forename: I-Chi
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Su-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Pei-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Cheng-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Calvin Yu-Chian
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001060:Aporphines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007930:Leucine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000379:methods*; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D052999:Quinazolinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001060:Aporphines; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008024:Ligands; D052999:Quinazolinones; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C004690:coclaurine; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D007930:Leucine; C008256:laurotetanine; D005998:Glycine