title: Anti-diuretic hormone and genetic study in primary nocturnal enuresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is related to a disturbance in anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) secretion pattern at night which may be genetically inherited.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 121 children aged 6-18 years with PNE and 45 matched healthy children as controls. Enuretic children were subjected to genetic evaluation and cytogenetic assessment (n = 99). Assay of ADH levels (9-11 am & 9-11 pm) was performed for cases (n = 99) and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a positive family history in 82.4% (autosomal dominant in 35.4% and autosomal recessive in 64.6%). ADH morning and evening values were reversed in cases vs controls with significant difference in morning level. Reversal of circadian rhythm was present in 71.7% of cases and normal rhythm in 28.3% of them. Morning and evening ADH levels revealed significant difference between patients with reversed rhythm and those with normal one, and with controls. Mode of inheritance had no influence on hormonal level. Chromosomal abnormality was detected in 3 cases with reversed ADH rhythm, involving chromosome 22 in two of them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PNE could be attributed in part to reversed ADH circadian rhythm which may be linked to chromosome 22.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amany A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fatouh
authors.forename: Ayat A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Motawie
authors.forename: Amany M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd Al-Aziz
authors.forename: Hanan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.forename: Mona A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: Amany Abd
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Ghany
authors.forename: Hala T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: El Bassyouni
authors.forename: Marwa I K
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Shehab
authors.forename: Maha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Eid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010375:Pedigree; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014667:Vasopressins