title: Dendritic cells and multiple sclerosis: disease, tolerance  and therapy.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating neurological disease that predominantly affects young adults resulting in severe personal and economic impact. The majority of therapies for this disease were developed in, or are beneficial in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. While known to target adaptive  anti-CNS immune responses, they also target, the innate immune arm. This mini-review focuses on the role of dendritic cells (DCs), the professional antigen presenting cells of the innate immune system. The evidence for a role for DCs in the appropriate regulation of anti-CNS autoimmune responses and their role in MS disease susceptibility and possible therapeutic utility are discussed. Additionally, the current controversy regarding the evidence for the presence of functional DCs in the normal CNS is reviewed. Furthermore, the role of CNS DCs and potential routes of their intercourse between the CNS and cervical lymph nodes are considered. Finally, the future role that this nexus between the CNS and the cervical lymph nodes might play in site directed molecular and cellular therapy for MS is outlined.
authors.affiliation: The Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia. d.brown@amr.org.au.
authors.forename: Mohammad G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassanpour
authors.forename: Vicky W W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ruitenberg
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serrats
authors.forename: Prue H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Geoffrey P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Symonds
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Sawchenko
authors.forename: Samuel N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Breit
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D