title: Y-SNP haplogroups related to the Yqh+ heteromorphism in the Mexican northwestern population.
abstract: Morphological variation of the Y chromosome has been observed in different populations. This variation is mostly related to the heteromorphic Yq12 band, which is composed of a variable block of constitutive heterochromatin. The Yqh+ heteromorphism has a worldwide frequency of 2.85% and is considered clinically innocuous. The aim of this study was to identify the ancestry of the Yqh+ heteromorphism present in individuals from western Mexico. For this purpose, 17 Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms were analysed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and SNaPshot assays. In 28 Yqh+ males, only five haplogroups were observed; with a haplogroup diversity of 0.4841 ± 0.1094, which was less than that observed in a study of unselected Mexican mestizo population. Differences were specifically conferred by the high frequencies of haplogroups R1b1 and P*(xQ,R), and by the absence of the Amerindian haplogroup Q (Q*(xQ1a3a) plus Q1a3a) from the Yqh+ group. This study suggests a post-1492 incorporation for Yqh+ chromosomes into the Mexican northwestern population.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, CP: 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México.
authors.forename: Enrique Jhonatan
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Romo-Martínez
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cortés
authors.forename: Reyna Lucía
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Barajas-Torres
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rubi-Castellanos
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Magaña-Torres
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rangel-Villalobos
authors.forename: Juan Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: González-García
mesh_terms: D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000379:methods*; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D059785:Karyotype; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide