title: Development of w/o microemulsion for transdermal delivery of iodide ions.
abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion which can be utilized as a transdermal delivery for iodide ions. Several w/o microemulsion formulations were prepared utilizing Span 20, ethanol, Capryol 90®, and water. The selected formulations had 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and a maximum of 23% w/w water content. Potassium iodide (KI) was incorporated in all formulations at 5% w/v. Physicochemical characterizations were conducted to evaluate the structure and stability. These studies included: mean droplet size, pH, viscosity, conductivity, and chemical stability tests. In vitro human skin permeation studies were conducted to evaluate the diffusion of the iodide ion through human skin. The w/o microemulsion formulations were stable and compatible with iodide ions with water content ranging from 5% to 23% w/w. The addition of KI influenced the physicochemical properties of microemulsion as compared to blank microemulsion formulations. In vitro human skin permeation studies indicated that selected formulations improved iodide ion diffusion significantly as compared to control (KI solution; P value<0.05). Iodide ions were entrapped within the aqueous core of w/o microemulsion. Span 20, ethanol and Capryol 90 protected the iodide ions against oxidation and formed a stable microemulsion. It is worth to note that according to Hofmeister series, iodide ions tend to lower the interfacial tension between water and oil and consequently enhance overall stability. This work illustrates that microemulsion system can be utilized as a vehicle for the transdermal administration of iodide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, USA.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Ni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crill
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Almoazen
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007454:Iodides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007454:Iodides