title: Structural changes of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) after fungal and phosphoric acid pretreatment.
abstract: Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was pretreated using white-rot fungus Pleurotus floridanus, phosphoric acid or their combination, and the results were evaluated based on the biomass components, and its structural and morphological changes. The carbohydrate losses after fungal, phosphoric acid, and fungal followed by phosphoric acid pretreatments were 7.89%, 35.65%, and 33.77%, respectively. The pretreatments changed the hydrogen bonds of cellulose and linkages between lignin and carbohydrate, which is associated with crystallinity of cellulose of OPEFB. Lateral Order Index (LOI) of OPEFB with no pretreatment, with fungal, phosphoric acid, and fungal followed by phosphoric acid pretreatments were 2.77, 1.42, 0.67, and 0.60, respectively. Phosphoric acid pretreatment showed morphological changes of OPEFB, indicated by the damage of fibre structure into smaller particle size. The fungal-, phosphoric acid-, and fungal followed by phosphoric acid pretreatments have improved the digestibility of OPEFB's cellulose by 4, 6.3, and 7.4 folds, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Gadjah Mada University, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.lastname: Isroi
authors.forename: Mofoluwake M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ishola
authors.forename: Ria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Millati
authors.forename: Siti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Syamsiah
authors.forename: Muhammad N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Cahyanto
authors.forename: Claes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niklasson
authors.forename: Mohammad J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taherzadeh
mesh_terms: D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D001487:Basidiomycota; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding / Q000187:drug effects; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D000073878:Palm Oil; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; C030242:phosphoric acid