title: C-reactive protein and atherothrombosis: Cause or effect?
abstract: The complex relationship between the inflammatory response and vascular injury and repair is of major importance to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. CRP is not only a strong marker for cardiovascular morbidity but a modulator that suppresses local and systemic thromboregulatory pathways. In the present review we address the question of whether CRP is involved in atherogenesis, in thrombosis, or in both components of the atherothrombotic process. While CRP is present in the atherosclerotic lesion, it is probably not pro-atherogenic and correlates only minimally with atherogenesis. Alas, CRP promotes thrombus formation and vascular occlusion. Thus, CRP is most likely not affecting atheroma build-up but rather the deleterious process of plaque vulnerability and thrombus formation. Dwelling into CRP mechanism of action may lead to the design of new diagnostic modalities that will add to the predictive value of CRP in identifying those patients at high cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, defining the mechanistic domain is the foundation to the cause-effect detection of possible therapeutic interventions to counter CRP morbid effects.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. etty.grad@mail.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Etty
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grad
authors.forename: Haim D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Danenberg
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011453:Prostaglandins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human