title: Physical activity and survival after cancer diagnosis in men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of cancer survivors is increasing rapidly; however, little is known about whether engaging in physical activity after a cancer diagnosis is associated with lower mortality rates in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1021 men (mean age, 71.3 years) who were diagnosed with cancer (other than nonmelanoma skin cancer). Men reported their physical activities (walking, stair climbing, and participation in sports and recreational activities) on questionnaires in 1988, a median of 6 years after their cancer diagnosis. Physical activity was updated in 1993 and men were followed until 2008, with mortality follow-up > 99% complete, during which 777 men died (337 from cancer, 190 from cardiovascular disease).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analyses, the relative risks for all-cause mortality associated with expending < 2100, 2100-4199, 4200-8399, 8400-12,599, and ≥ 12,600 kJ/week in physical activity were 1.00 (referent), 0.77, 0.74, 0.76, and 0.52, respectively (P-trend < 0.0001). Higher levels of physical activity also were associated with lower rates of death from cancer and cardiovascular disease (P- trend = 0.01 and 0.002, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Engaging in physical activity after cancer diagnosis is associated with better survival among men.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: I-Min
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kathleen Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Wolin
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sattlemair
authors.forename: Howard D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sesso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology; D018450:Disease Progression; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States