title: Serum fructosamine and glycated albumin and risk of mortality and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assays for serum total glycated proteins (fructosamine) and the more specific glycated albumin may be useful indicators of hyperglycemia in dialysis patients, either as substitutes or adjuncts to standard markers such as hemoglobin A1c, as they are not affected by erythrocyte turnover. However, their relationship with long-term outcomes in dialysis patients is not well described.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured fructosamine and glycated albumin in baseline samples from 503 incident hemodialysis participants of a national prospective cohort study, with enrollment from 1995-1998 and median follow-up of 3.5 years. Outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity (first CVD event and first sepsis hospitalization) analyzed using Cox regression adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, and comorbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 58 years, 64% were white, 54% were male, and 57% had diabetes. There were 354 deaths (159 from CVD), 302 CVD events, and 118 sepsis hospitalizations over follow-up. Both fructosamine and glycated albumin were associated with all-cause mortality; adjusted HR per doubling of the biomarker was 1.96 (95% CI 1.38-2.79) for fructosamine and 1.40 (1.09-1.80) for glycated albumin. Both markers were also associated with CVD mortality [fructosamine 2.13 (1.28-3.54); glycated albumin 1.55 (1.09-2.21)]. Higher values of both markers were associated with trends toward a higher risk of hospitalization with sepsis [fructosamine 1.75 (1.01-3.02); glycated albumin 1.39 (0.94-2.06)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum fructosamine and glycated albumin are risk factors for mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. tshafi@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shafi
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sozio
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Plantinga
authors.forename: Bernard G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Jaar
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Rulan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Steffes
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Powe
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coresh
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Selvin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000401:mortality*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin
chemical_list: D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D012709:Serum Albumin; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin