title: Obesity is associated with an altered autonomic nervous system response to nutrient restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the balance of activities of sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. We compared HRV parameters in response to a prolonged fast in obese versus normal weight humans. In addition, the effect of weight-loss was evaluated in obese individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects included 14 nondiabetic obese (12 females/2 males, aged 30 ± 3 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) 35·2 ± 1·2 kg/m(2) ) and 12 lean subjects (10 females/2 males, aged 27 ± 3 years, BMI 23·3 ± 0·5 kg/m(2) ).
  
  
  METHODS
  HRV was examined 75 min after standardized breakfast and after a 48-h fast in 14 nondiabetic obese and 12 lean subjects. The postprandial measurement was repeated in 12 obese subjects after weight-loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In lean subjects, fasting decreased high-frequency (HF) power by 43% (P < 0·05) and decreased low-frequency (LF) power by 37% (P = 0·1), leaving the LF/HF ratio unchanged (P = 0·7). In the obese group, autonomic nervous system tone shifted to sympathetic dominance as the LF/HF increased from 0·61 to 1·14 (P = 0·03). After an average weight-loss of 13·8 kg in obese subjects, a trend for sympathetic dominance was found; the LF/HF ratio increased by 56% (P = 0·06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that a 48-h fast leaves autonomic nervous system balance unaltered in lean subjects. In contrast, a 48-h fast, as well as weight-loss, induces sympathetic dominance in obese humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wijngaarden
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pijl
authors.forename: K Willems
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Klaassen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burggraaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013851:Thinness / Q000503:physiopathology; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology