title: Inhibition of the de-myelinating properties of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome lymphocytes by cathepsin D silencing.
abstract: Molecular mechanisms relating interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) to brain damage have recently been identified in a microarray analysis of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes from patients with Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS). These findings demonstrate that the inhibition of angiogenesis and the activation of neurotoxic lymphocytes are the major pathogenic mechanisms involved in the brain damage consequent to elevated interferon-alpha levels. Our previous study demonstrated that cathepsin D, a lysosomal aspartyl endopeptidase, is the primary mediator of the neurotoxicity exerted by AGS lymphocytes. Cathepsin D is a potent pro-apoptotic, neurotoxic, and demyelinating protease if it is not properly inhibited by the activities of leukocystatins. In central nervous system white matter, demyelination results from cathepsin over-expression when not balanced by the expression of its inhibitors. In the present study, we used RNA interference to inhibit cathepsin D expression in AGS lymphocytes with the aim of decreasing the neurotoxicity of these cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes collected from an AGS patient were immortalized and co-cultured with astrocytes in the presence of interferon alpha with or without cathepsin D RNA interference probes. Cathepsin D expression was measured by qPCR, and neurotoxicity was evaluated by microscopy. RNA interference inhibited cathepsin D over-production by 2.6-fold (P<0.01) in AGS lymphocytes cultured in the presence of interferon alpha. AGS lymphocytes treated using RNA interference exhibited a decreased ability to induce neurotoxicity in astrocytes. Such neurotoxicity results in the inhibition of astrocyte growth and the inhibition of the ability of astrocytes to construct web-like aggregates. These results suggest a new strategy for repairing AGS lymphocytes in vitro by inhibiting their ability to induce astrocyte damage and leukodystrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pulliero
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marengo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Longobardi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fazzi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orcesi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cereda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Domenicotti
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Balottin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Izzotti
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D002402:Cathepsin D / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016898:Interferon-alpha; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C029208:demyelinating factors; D002402:Cathepsin D