title: Botulinum toxin for painful spasms from focal seizures: theoretical considerations and case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Botulinum toxin (BTX) has been used to treat muscle overactivity and can reduce pain from muscle spasm. There are no previous reports to our knowledge of using BTX to treat the pain from intractable focal motor seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case of chronic, focal, muscle pain, and spasm secondary to intractable focal motor seizures treated with BTX. The patient experienced significant relief in muscle pain despite continued seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the case presented, BTX may have a limited role in the treatment of pain from muscle spasm in intractable focal seizures. Further study is necessary to see if this use of BTX is generally applicable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. awilkenfeld@alum.mit.edu
authors.forename: Ari J L
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wilkenfeld
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001905:Botulinum Toxins