title: Effects of dietary probiotic inclusion on performance, eggshell quality, cecal microflora composition, and tibia traits of laying hens in the late phase of production.
abstract: Ninety-six White laying hens (64 weeks old) were used to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of Bacillus subtilis on performance and eggshell quality. Hens were randomly distributed into three treatment groups and fed basal diet (control), basal diet plus 0.5 g/kg B. subtilis (Probiotic-0.5), or basal diet plus 1 g/kg B. subtilis (Probiotic-1) for 10 weeks. Probiotic-1 group exhibited the maximum (P<0.05) increase in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, eggshell weight, and eggshell thickness, compared with Probiotic-0.5 and the control groups. During the last week of the study, eggshell densities were 94.9, 88.7, and 65.6 mg/cm(2) in Probiotic-1, Probiotic-0.5, and the control group, respectively. The average unmarketable eggs were 1.3 %, 2.2 %, and 6.4 % in Probiotic-1, Probiotic-0.5, and the control group, respectively. Tibia weight, density, and ash content increased significantly. The average time required by B. subtilis to establish a significant effect was 3 weeks for Probiotic-1and 6 weeks for Probiotic-5. B. subtilis improved gut microflora balance, which has the potential to improve gut health and absorption efficiency. It should be possible to improve egg performance and eggshell quality of aged laying hens by dietary inclusion of B. subtilis, which will be of importance for farmers.
authors.affiliation: The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan. a.abdelqader@ju.edu.jo
authors.forename: Anas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdelqader
authors.forename: Rabie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Irshaid
authors.forename: Abdur-Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Al-Fataftah
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000187:drug effects*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology