title: Short telomere length, lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 46,396 individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A previous case-control study of 100 individuals found that short telomere length was associated with a 28-fold increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that short telomere length is associated with reduced lung function and an increased risk of COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study of 46 396 individuals from the Danish general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leucocyte telomere length and spirometry were measured. COPD was defined using either fixed forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio <0.70 as suggested by the Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) or FEV₁/FVC below the lower limit of normal (LLN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Telomere length decreased significantly with increasing age (p<10(-300)). FEV₁, FVC and FEV1/FVC decreased with decreasing telomere length quartiles (p trend: 5 × 10(-51), 5 × 10(-35) and 6 × 10(-137), respectively), but the associations attenuated after age and multivariable adjustment. The risk of COPD increased with decreasing telomere length quartile (p trend: p=7 × 10(-92) for GOLD; p=8 × 10(-44) for FEV₁/FVC below LLN), but associations also attenuated after adjustment. Unadjusted and multivariable adjusted OR for shortest versus longest telomere length quartiles were 2.06 (95% CI 1.91 to 2.22) and 1.15 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.25) for GOLD and 1.73 (95% CI 1.60 to 1.88) and 1.19 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.30) for FEV₁/FVC below LLN, respectively. Per 1000 base pairs decrease in telomere length, the multivariable adjusted OR was 1.07 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.10) for GOLD and 1.07 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.11) for FEV₁/FVC below LLN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short telomere length is associated with decreased lung function and with increased risk of COPD, but the associations are markedly attenuated after adjustment. Our data support a modest correlation between telomere length and the lung function indices examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rode
authors.forename: Stig E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bojesen
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weischer
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vestbo
authors.forename: Børge G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Nordestgaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016615:Telomere; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA