title: [Topical treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders].
abstract: Hyperpigmentation has traditionally been a relatively difficult condition to treat, especially in darker racial ethnic groups. Multiple topical agents available act upon different steps of the pigmentation pathway. We review these topical agents, their mechanisms of action, and their effectiveness as monotherapy and in combination with other compounds. Ultimately, combination therapy is the most efficacious when considering overall depigmentation as well as treatment time required to achieve clinical improvement.
authors.affiliation: The Rendon Center for Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA. martarendon@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rendon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horwitz
mesh_terms: D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006873:Hydroquinones; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations; C031927:hydroquinone