title: The prevalence of falls and their relation to visual and hearing impairments among a nation-wide cohort of older Poles.
abstract: Falls are a geriatric syndrome which affects the physical and psychological well-being of the aged. So far, in Poland there have not been any population-based data on the prevalence of falls among the elderly. The aim of this analysis was to assess the prevalence of falls, their circumstances and consequences in the Polish population aged 65 years and older in comparison to younger respondents aged 55-59 years, and the relation of falls to visual and hearing deficits. Mean age of the 4920 elderly subjects (51.6% men) was 79.4±8.7 years. Falls in the past year were reported by 10.4% of the younger and 19.1% of the older subjects. In both groups falls occurred more frequently in women (11.9% vs. 8.7%, p=0.03 in the younger and 22.7% vs. 13.2%, p<0.001 in the older group). In the group of older subjects falls occurred most often during walking (66.7% vs. 50.7% in the group of 55-59 years old), p=0.005), while the younger more often fell while practicing sports (5.48% vs. 0.8% in the group 65+, p<0.001) and risky activities (respectively: 13.7% vs. 4.9%, p=0.002). A similar percentage of younger and older fallers reported one (44.0% and 46.1% respectively) or more falls (56.1% and 53.9%; p=0.6). The percentage of recurrent fallers grew with increasing age (Cc=0.177; p<0.001). The prevalence of injurious falls was similar in the younger and older groups (45.4% and 42.8%, p=0.53). In both genders fall-related injuries were more frequent in younger elderly (65-74 years old) and in subjects 90 years old and older. In the non-standardized analysis and after adjustment for age and gender visual and hearing impairments and its degree were associated with falls but both relations lost statistical significance after adjustment for a set of explanatory variables. Despite somewhat lower estimates, falls in older Poles are no less an important factor influencing overall health than in other populations. The higher prevalence of multiple falls should draw attention of the health-care policy makers. Sensory impairment may add to the risk of falls and should be adequately taken care of, however the priority in the future fall prevention initiative should be given to stronger factors, such as age, type of activity, overall health, cognitive function and functional status.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. anskal@su.krakow.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skalska
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wizner
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Piotrowicz
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klich-Rączka
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klimek
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mossakowska
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rowiński
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kozak-Szkopek
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jóźwiak
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gąsowski
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grodzicki
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*