title: Role of vitamin D in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is mainly a consequence of insufficient sunlight induced vitamin D production in the skin and has been associated with various chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Experimental data have shown that vitamin D is important for glucose induced insulin secretion, improves insulin resistance, and exerts anti-inflammatory actions. Epidemiological studies have largely documented that a poor vitamin D status is associated with higher risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The majority of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in healthy or prediabetic individuals have, however, failed to demonstrate relevant vitamin D effects on insulin resistance or diabetes incidence. In patients with type 2 diabetes, a few RCTs reported some moderate effects of vitamin D on glycemic control and insulin resistance. While these findings warrant further in-depth studies, the current evidence is insufficient to recommend vitamin D supplementation for the prevention or treatment of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.pilz@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilz
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kienreich
authors.forename: Femke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rutters
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Jongh
authors.forename: Adriana J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Ballegooijen
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grübler
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomaschitz
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D