title: Effects of fitness and vibration training on muscle quality: a 1-year postintervention follow-up in older men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the residual effects of fitness and whole-body vibration (WBV) training in older men 1 year after completion of the interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of 1 year of fitness training, including combined resistance and aerobic (R+A) training and WBV training, with a control (CON) group.
  
  
  METHODS
  University training center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult men (N=72) between 60 and 80 years of age. Response rate was 80%, 92%, and 90% in the R+A training (n=20), WBV training (n=23), and CON (n=29) groups, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention groups exercised 3 times weekly during 1 year. The R+A training group performed a standard training program, combining resistance exercises and aerobic training, following the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. The WBV training group performed unloaded static and dynamic leg exercises on a vibration platform. The CON group did not participate in any training program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle volume, isometric and concentric muscle strength, muscle quality, and muscle power.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both interventions had resulted in comparable increases in muscle quality characteristics. No significant changes had been found in the CON group. During the 1-year follow-up period, the R+A (-4.05%, P=.006) and WBV (-2.45%, P<.0001) training groups had lost most of their gains in muscle volume. However, isometric muscle strength was preserved in the R+A training group (+1.65%, P=.745), resulting in an increase in muscle quality (+7.97%, P=.034). In the WBV training group, muscle power decreased (-6.10%, P<.0001) but remained significantly higher than at baseline (P=.038). Except for a strong decrease in muscle power, no significant changes were found in the CON group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One year of R+A and/or WBV training can equally reverse the adverse effects of aging on muscle quality in older men, but their residual impact after follow-up is different.
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kennis
authors.forename: Sabine M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Verschueren
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bogaerts
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Coudyzer
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boonen
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delecluse
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D053580:Muscle Strength; D009929:Organ Size; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training; D014732:Vibration