title: Ultrasonography of the brain, abdomen, and heart in neonates born to liver or renal transplant recipient mothers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pregnancies in graft recipients are associated with increased risk of a number of pathologies. The aim of the study was to analyze results of brain and abdominal ultrasonography and echocardiography (ECHO) in neonates born to liver (LTx) or renal recipients (RTx).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 82 neonates born to transplanted women (46 neonates of liver recipients and 36 neonates of renal recipients), enrolled in a retrospective study. The control group consisted of 74 neonates from the general population. Sonographic examination of the brain was performed to check for the presence of intra-/periventricular hemorrhage (IVH/PVH) according to Papile, and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).The results of abdominal ultrasonography and 2-dimensional echocardiography (ECHO) were compared between the groups. The immunosuppressive therapy used during pregnancy was also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed between the frequency of IVH in LTx and RTx groups and LTx, RTx, and control groups. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed 1 case of suprarenal hemorrhage, 1 case of cystic kidney, and 3 cases of pyelocalyceal system dilatation in the study group. There were no abnormalities in the echocardiography in 97.8% of children born to mothers after LTx and in 94.4% after RTx. There were significant differences in the immunosuppressive therapy between the pregnant women after LTx and RTx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk was not increased in intra-/periventricular hemorrhage and congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract and heart in neonates of mothers after organ transplantation, regardless of the immunotherapy used, and risk was similar to that of the general population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. bnajman@wp.pl
authors.forename: Bożena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kociszewska-Najman
authors.forename: Bronisława
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pietrzak
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schreiber-Zamora
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borek-Dzięcioł
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bobrowska
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kucińska
authors.forename: Zoulikha
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jabiry-Zieniewicz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samaha
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biejat
authors.forename: Bożena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Mirosław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wielgos
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D004065:Digestive System Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents