title: Regulation of the MIR155 host gene in physiological and pathological processes.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small nonprotein-coding RNAs, play a critical role in posttranscriptional gene regulation by acting as adaptors for the miRNA-induced silencing complex to inhibit gene expression by targeting mRNAs for translational repression and/or cleavage. miR-155-5p and miR-155-3p are processed from the B-cell Integration Cluster (BIC) gene (now designated, MIR155 host gene or MIR155HG). MiR-155-5p is highly expressed in both activated B- and T-cells and in monocytes/macrophages. MiR-155-5p is one of the best characterized miRNAs and recent data indicate that miR-155-5p plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes such as hematopoietic lineage differentiation, immunity, inflammation, viral infections, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and Down syndrome. In this review we summarize the mechanisms by which MIR155HG expression can be regulated. Given that the pathologies mediated by miR-155-5p result from the over-expression of this miRNA it may be possible to therapeutically attenuate miR-155-5p levels in the treatment of several pathological processes.
authors.affiliation: Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Electronic address: terry.elton@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Terry S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Elton
authors.forename: Helina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Selemon
authors.forename: Shane M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Elton
authors.forename: Narasimham L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Parinandi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005810:Multigene Family; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C524942:MIRN155 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1