title: Anti-rotaviral effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract in piglets with rotavirus diarrhea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since rotavirus is one of the leading pathogens that cause severe gastroenteritis and represents a serious threat to human and animal health, researchers have been searching for cheap, safe, and effective anti-rotaviral drugs. There is a widespread of interest in using natural products as antiviral agents, and among them, licorice derived from Glycyrrhiza spp. has exerted antiviral properties against several viruses. In this study, anti-rotaviral efficacy of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract (GUE) as an effective and cheaper remedy without side-effects was evaluated in colostrums-deprived piglets after induction of rotavirus diarrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colostrums-deprived piglets were inoculated with porcine rotavirus K85 (G5P[7]) strain. On the onset of diarrhea, piglets were treated with different concentration of GUE. To evaluate the antiviral efficacy of GUE, fecal consistency score, fecal virus shedding and histological changes of the small intestine, mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines (IL8, IL10, IFN-β, IFN-γ and TNF-α), signaling molecules (p38 and JNK), and transcription factor (NFκB) in the small intestine and spleen were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the dosages (100-400 mg/ml) administrated to animals, 400 mg/ml of GUE cured diarrhea, and markedly improved small intestinal lesion score and fecal virus shedding. mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines (IL8, IL10, IFN-β, IFN-γ and TNF-α), signaling molecules (p38 and JNK), and transcription factor (NFκB) in the small intestine and spleen were markedly increased in animals with RVA-induced diarrhea, but dose- dependently decreased in GUE treated animals after RVA-induced diarrhea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GUE cures rotaviral enteritis by coordinating antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Therapy of this herbal medicine can be a viable medication for curing rotaviral enteritis in animals and humans.
authors.affiliation: Biotherapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mia Madel
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Alfajaro
authors.forename: Hyun-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun-Gyu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eun-Hye
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Ji-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Deok-Song
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosmillo
authors.forename: Kyu-Yeol
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Ju-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyung-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Young Bae
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang-Ik
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Woo Song
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyoung-Oh
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000821:virology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003126:Colostrum / Q000378:metabolism; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D029882:Glycyrrhiza uralensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D023421:Models, Animal; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha