title: The Community Integration Questionnaire: factor structure across racial/ethnic groups in persons with traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the factor structure and construct validity of the Community Integration Questionnaire, a widely used measure of community participation among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), among 3 racial/ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enrollment in acute inpatient TBI rehabilitation with follow-up at 1 year after injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1756 persons with TBI enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) national Database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community Integration Questionnaire at 1 year after injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The goodness of fit for the factor structure of the Community Integration Questionnaire, separating items into Home Competency, Social Integration, and Productive Activity, was satisfactory for whites but not for blacks or Hispanics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians and researchers should take race/ethnicity into account when utilizing measures of community integration.
authors.affiliation: Kessler Foundation Research Center, West Orange, New Jersey (Drs Lequerica and Chiaravalloti); UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey (Drs Lequerica and Chiaravalloti); TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas (Dr Sander and Ms Pappadis); Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, University of Deusto, Spain (Dr Arango-Lasprilla); Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr Hart); University of Alabama at Birmingham (Dr Baños); University of Texas at Dallas (Dr Marquez De La Plata); Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Hammond); and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (Dr Sherman).
authors.forename: Anthony H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lequerica
authors.forename: Nancy D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Chiaravalloti
authors.forename: Angelle M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Monique R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pappadis
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Arango-Lasprilla
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baños
authors.forename: Carlos D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Marquez De La Plata
authors.forename: Flora M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Tanya E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Sherman
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D062309:Community Integration; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People