title: CCL22 16C/a genetic variation is not associated with breast carcinoma in Southern Iranian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CCL22/MDC is a CC chemokine with a critical role in regulation of the immune balance in physiological condition. CCL22/CCR-4 ligation has been documented to participate in the migration of regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th2 lymphocytes to the site of breast tumors; circumstances that are known to be associated with poor prognosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CCL22 gene; 16C/A (rs4359426; Asp2Ala), with susceptibility to breast cancer in a sample of Iranian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  161 patients with pathologically confirmed breast carcinoma (mean age 49.3 ± 11.5 yrs) and 178 age-matched healthy women (mean age: 49.3 ± 12.9 yrs) were studied. CCL22 genotypes were investigated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Data was verified by direct automated sequencing. Arlequin analysis showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent genotype in both patient and control groups was wild type CC genotype with frequency of 146 out of 161 (90.7%) among patients and 153 out of 178 (86.0%) in control group (p=0.24). The frequency of CA genotype was 15 (9.3%) and 23 (12.9%) in patients and controls, respectively (p=0.38). No AA genotype was observed among patients but this genotype was observed with the frequency of 2 out of 178 (1.1%) in control subjects. The minor allele frequency (MAF) was 0.07 in the population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No correlation was found between the investigated genotypes and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. Conclusively, results of this investigation do not support the association of 16C/A SNP (rs4359426; Asp2Ala) in CCL22 gene with susceptibility to, and progression of, breast cancer in Iranian population.
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, e-mail: ghaderia@sums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Nasrollah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Erfani
authors.forename: Faezeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moghaddasi-Sani
authors.forename: Mahboubeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Razmkhah
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Haghshenas
authors.forename: Abdolrasoul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talei
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghaderi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D054422:Chemokine CCL22 / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D054422:Chemokine CCL22