title: Effects of airborne metals on lung function in inner Mongolian schoolchildren.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of particles and their components on lung function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A panel study was conducted on 107 primary schoolchildren. The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) for each subject was measured three times a day for 40 days continuously. Particulate air concentrations were measured every day. The concentrations of Pb, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, As, Cd, and Zn in particles were measured. Linear mixed-effect models were used to estimate the associations between particles, metal elements, and PEFR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the increase in particles in air was associated with a significant reduction in PEFR. Its effects lasted 2 to 5 days. Pb, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Cr in particles also reduced PEFR. As and Cd increased PEFR. Zn showed inconstant effects on PEFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that most metal components in particles have negative effects on children's lung function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, PR China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Madaniyazi
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Daeseon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yixiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaochuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D008670:Metals / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter