title: Induction of cytokines in different organs after intranasal inoculation of Campylobacter jejuni in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokine production and histopathological changes occur in the lungs of mice after intranasal inoculation with Campylobacter jejuni, but the levels of cytokines in different organs to which C. jejuni disseminates have not been studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated with C. jejuni 81-176 (test) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) (n=16 per group). The levels of cytokines in the organs (spleen, liver, and small and large intestines) to which C. jejuni disseminated were measured by ELISA. Two cytokine patterns were observed. First, increased proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-2, were followed by anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10 in the spleen and large intestine. Second, in the liver and small intestine, there was a predominant production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, with some increase in IL-2 levels. In the spleen and intestines, the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were concurrently increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dissemination of C. jejuni is associated with the production of different cytokine profiles in different tissues, with the proinflammatory response appearing in the spleen and large intestine at an earlier time point than in the liver and small intestine. The organs produce different cytokine profiles in response to C. jejuni dissemination. These preliminary findings should be confirmed with a study involving a larger group of animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait. john@hsc.edu.kw.
authors.forename: Nadia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Al-Banna
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raghupathy
authors.forename: M John
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Albert