title: Role of cranial and spinal virtual and augmented reality simulation using immersive touch modules in neurosurgical training.
abstract: Recent studies have shown that mental script-based rehearsal and simulation-based training improve the transfer of surgical skills in various medical disciplines. Despite significant advances in technology and intraoperative techniques over the last several decades, surgical skills training on neurosurgical operations still carries significant risk of serious morbidity or mortality. Potentially avoidable technical errors are well recognized as contributing to poor surgical outcome. Surgical education is undergoing overwhelming change, as a result of the reduction of work hours and current trends focusing on patient safety and linking reimbursement with clinical outcomes. Thus, there is a need for adjunctive means for neurosurgical training, which is a recent advancement in simulation technology. ImmersiveTouch is an augmented reality system that integrates a haptic device and a high-resolution stereoscopic display. This simulation platform uses multiple sensory modalities, re-creating many of the environmental cues experienced during an actual procedure. Modules available include ventriculostomy, bone drilling, percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy, and simulated spinal modules such as pedicle screw placement, vertebroplasty, and lumbar puncture. We present our experience with the development of such augmented reality neurosurgical modules and the feedback from neurosurgical residents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. alaraj@uic.edu
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alaraj
authors.forename: Fady T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Charbel
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birk
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luciano
authors.forename: Pat P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sorenson
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Slavin
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roitberg
mesh_terms: D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D003162:Competency-Based Education / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D019051:Rhizotomy / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000379:methods; D014110:Touch; D014277:Trigeminal Neuralgia / Q000601:surgery; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D054854:Vertebroplasty / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods