title: An automated method for analysis of microcirculation videos for accurate assessment of tissue perfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imaging of the human microcirculation in real-time has the potential to detect injuries and illnesses that disturb the microcirculation at earlier stages and may improve the efficacy of resuscitation. Despite advanced imaging techniques to monitor the microcirculation, there are currently no tools for the near real-time analysis of the videos produced by these imaging systems. An automated system tool that can extract microvasculature information and monitor changes in tissue perfusion quantitatively might be invaluable as a diagnostic and therapeutic endpoint for resuscitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental algorithm automatically extracts microvascular network and quantitatively measures changes in the microcirculation. There are two main parts in the algorithm: video processing and vessel segmentation. Microcirculatory videos are first stabilized in a video processing step to remove motion artifacts. In the vessel segmentation process, the microvascular network is extracted using multiple level thresholding and pixel verification techniques. Threshold levels are selected using histogram information of a set of training video recordings. Pixel-by-pixel differences are calculated throughout the frames to identify active blood vessels and capillaries with flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sublingual microcirculatory videos are recorded from anesthetized swine at baseline and during hemorrhage using a hand-held Side-stream Dark Field (SDF) imaging device to track changes in the microvasculature during hemorrhage. Automatically segmented vessels in the recordings are analyzed visually and the functional capillary density (FCD) values calculated by the algorithm are compared for both health baseline and hemorrhagic conditions. These results were compared to independently made FCD measurements using a well-known semi-automated method. Results of the fully automated algorithm demonstrated a significant decrease of FCD values. Similar, but more variable FCD values were calculated using a commercially available software program requiring manual editing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An entirely automated system for analyzing microcirculation videos to reduce human interaction and computation time is developed. The algorithm successfully stabilizes video recordings, segments blood vessels, identifies vessels without flow and calculates FCD in a fully automated process. The automated process provides an equal or better separation between healthy and hemorrhagic FCD values compared to currently available semi-automatic techniques. The proposed method shows promise for the quantitative measurement of changes occurring in microcirculation during injury.
authors.affiliation: Signal Processing Technologies LLC, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Sumeyra U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hakimzadeh
authors.forename: Rosalyn Hobson
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hargraves
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Eric V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Myer
authors.forename: Kayvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Najarian
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002196:Capillaries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008833:Microcirculation; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D055420:Perfusion Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*