title: Emerging monoclonal antibodies and related agents for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) - rituximab, ofatumumab and alemtuzumab - have been approved for use in the therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Recently, a new generation of anti-CD20 mAbs has become available for preclinical studies and clinical trials. These antibodies were engineered to have augmented antitumor activity by increasing complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and Fc-binding affinity for the low-affinity variants of the Fcγ receptor IIIa. The most promising mAb directed against CD20 is obinutuzumab (GA-101). mAbs directed against CD22, CD37 and CD40 have also shown some activity in CLL. In addition, small modular immunopharmaceuticals - TRU-015 (anti-CD20) and TRU-016 (anti-CD37) - that retain Fc-mediated effector functions have been developed and investigated in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Antibody-drug conjugates and recombinant immunotoxins are also being evaluated in lymphoid malignancies. Further studies will elucidate the role of these agents in the treatment of CLL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Ul. Ciolkowskiego 2, Poland and Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-510 Lodz, Ul. Ciolkowskiego 2, Poland. robaktad@csk.umed.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Robak
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000276:immunology; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000276:immunology; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000276:immunology; D059470:Tetraspanins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018941:Antigens, CD19; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; C059071:CD37 protein, human; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D000922:Immunotoxins; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D059470:Tetraspanins; C045084:invariant chain