title: Soybean oil: a potentially new intravascular perfusate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Given that micelles of lipids are colloids, the hypothesis was generated that the rapid administration of large volumes of soybean oil micelles would be an effective perfusion fluid. We also hypothesized that oxygen loading would be enhanced due to the greater solubility of oxygen in lipids compared to water.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 100% lethal mouse model of blood loss was used to compare the ability of soybean oil micelles to that of Ringer's lactate, blood and other fluids, with respect to raising and maintaining the blood pressure for one hour. Oxygen on- and off-loading of various concentrations of soybean oil micelles was determined using mass spectroscopy. Nitric oxide uptake by micelles was also determined in a similar fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 20% soybean oil emulsion was superior to Ringer's lactate in raising and maintaining blood pressure. A 20% soybean oil emulsion with 5% albumin added was superior to shed blood as well as solutions comprised of 5% albumin added to either normal saline or Ringer's lactate. There was a linear relationship between oxygen content and micelle concentration between 10% and 30%. Off-loading of oxygen from the micelles was nearly as fast as off-loading from water. Nitric oxide also loaded preferentially onto soybean oil micelles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Soybean oil emulsions were superior to other fluids in restoring and maintaining the blood pressure; (2) oxygen-carrying ability of soybean oil micelles exceeds that of water and follows Henry's law between 10% and 30% w/v oil content; (3) nitric oxide was carried by the micelles; (4) animals receiving soybean oil micelles did not exhibit fat embolization; (5) colloids comprised of soybean oil-containing micelles may be used to replace blood loss and may be used to deliver oxygen and other potentially therapeutic gases such as nitric oxide to tissues.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Armbruster
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grimley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nacionales
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Efron
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moldawer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ungaro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuenca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simpkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008823:Micelles; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D008823:Micelles; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013024:Soybean Oil; D010100:Oxygen