title: Effectiveness of a group diabetes education programme in underserved communities in South Africa: pragmatic cluster randomized control trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is an important contributor to the burden of disease in South Africa and prevalence rates as high as 33% have been recorded in Cape Town. Previous studies show that quality of care and health outcomes are poor. The development of an effective education programme should impact on self-care, lifestyle change and adherence to medication; and lead to better control of diabetes, fewer complications and better quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trialParticipants: Type 2 diabetic patients attending 45 public sector community health centres in Cape TownInterventions: The intervention group will receive 4 sessions of group diabetes education delivered by a health promotion officer in a guiding style. The control group will receive usual care which consists of ad hoc advice during consultations and occasional educational talks in the waiting room.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of the group diabetes education programmeOutcomes:
  
  
  METHODS
  diabetes self-care activities, 5% weight loss, 1% reduction in HbA1c.
  
  
  RESULTS
  self-efficacy, locus of control, mean blood pressure, mean weight loss, mean waist circumference, mean HbA1c, mean total cholesterol, quality of lifeRandomisation: Computer generated random numbersBlinding: Patients, health promoters and research assistants could not be blinded to the health centre's allocationNumbers randomized: Seventeen health centres (34 in total) will be randomly assigned to either control or intervention groups. A sample size of 1360 patients in 34 clusters of 40 patients will give a power of 80% to detect the primary outcomes with 5% precision. Altogether 720 patients were recruited in the intervention arm and 850 in the control arm giving a total of 1570.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study will inform policy makers and managers of the district health system, particularly in low to middle income countries, if this programme can be implemented more widely.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201205000380384.
authors.affiliation: Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa. rm@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mash
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: Krisela
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steyn
authors.forename: Merrick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zwarenstein
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rollnick
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000628:therapy*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D062405:Motivational Interviewing / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012648:Self Care; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013019:South Africa; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human