title: The effect of a program to promote play to reduce children's post-surgical pain: with plush toys, it hurts less.
abstract: Various nonpharmacological strategies to relieve hospitalized children's pain propose play as a central element. Play is considered an essential resource to improve the negative psychosocial effects of the disease and the hospitalization itself. However, the empirical research of play in health settings has not received much attention. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of a program to promote play in the hospital on postsurgical pain in pediatric patients. The research hypothesis was that children will manifest less pain if they are distracted through play during the postsurgical period. We carried out a randomized parallel trial with two groups, an experimental group and a control group. The control group did not receive any specific treatment, only the standard attention contemplated in the hospital. The parents of the children from the experimental group received instructions to play with their children in the postsurgical period and specific play material with which to play. The results obtained support the research hypothesis. On average, the children from the experimental group scored lower on a pain scale than the children from the control group. This occurred in the three postsurgical measurements of pain. It is concluded that the program to promote play can decrease children's perception of pain.
authors.affiliation: University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. Electronic address: ullan@usal.es.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ullán
authors.affiliation: Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Belver
authors.affiliation: University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lorente
authors.affiliation: University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Badía
authors.affiliation: University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernández
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D013527:Perioperative Nursing / Q000379:methods; D010989:Play Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010988:Play and Playthings; D002666:Psychology, Child; D016896:Treatment Outcome