title: A comparative analysis of the adipogenic potential in human mesenchymal stromal cells from cord blood and other sources.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from umbilical cord blood (CB) attract attention by significantly impaired or absent adipogenic differentiation compared with MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT). The diverging adipogenic propensity between the developmentally younger CB-MSCs and MSCs of the adult AT and BM resembles the age-dependent process in the BM, where adipose tissue increases with advancing age, accompanied by loss of bone stability. Thus, MSCs appeal as an attractive model to study the adipogenic process with respect to tissue sources and developmental ages.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed the expression of main adipogenic transcription factors, genes and protein markers in CB-, BM- and AT-MSCs under adipogenic induction, after silencing of preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1, PREF1) and after incubation with CB-plasma supplemented adipogenic media.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An inverse relation in the expression of adipogenesis-associated markers and PREF1 in CB-MSCs suggested an inhibitory role of Pref-1 toward adipogenesis. However, Pref-1 protein was rarely detected in CB-MSCs, and siRNA silencing of Pref-1 failed to induce adipogenic differentiation in CB-MSCs. Thus, the impaired adipogenic differentiation of CB-MSCs in vitro was unrelated to endogenous Pref-1 protein expression. Nevertheless CB-plasma containing Pref-1 protein revealed an anti-adipogenic effect on AT-MSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because Pref-1 is vastly abundant in CB-plasma and confers anti-adipogenic properties, Pref-1 in association with the ontogenic milieu probably induces long-lasting unresponsiveness toward adipogenic stimuli in CB-MSCs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karagianni
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brinkmann
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinzebach
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grassl
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bugert
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bieback
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; C512941:DLK1 protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins