title: ERCP service in China: results from a national survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ERCP had been performed throughout China for decades.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the status of ERCP service in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  All of the hospitals performing ERCP in mainland China in 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  All of the patients undergoing ERCP in mainland China in 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire included the (1) type of hospitals involved; (2) ownership of the endoscopy unit; (3) ERCP infrastructure; (4) volume, indication, setting, and anesthesia methods; and (5) training and research. The correlation between economic development and ERCP status in different regions was investigated, and the ERCP rates in China and developed countries were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Completed questionnaires were returned by 449 (95.5%) of the 470 hospitals providing ERCP service. Among the 449 hospitals, 186 (41.4%) did not have separate ERCP suites, 379 (84.4%) shared fluoroscopy with their radiology departments, and the average number of duodenoscopes was 1.58. A total of 63,787 ERCP procedures were performed in mainland China in 2006, with an estimated annual ERCP rate of 4.87 per 100,000 inhabitants, much lower than that of developed countries. Ninety-six percent of patients were admitted to undergo ERCP, and 94.4% of hospitals used pharyngeal local anesthesia and conscious sedation, whereas 5.6% used general anesthesia. There was a significant correlation between the ERCP rate and gross domestic product per capita (r = 0.871, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survey was retrospective and descriptive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an enormous gap in ERCP service between China and developed countries. The imbalance of ERCP status between different regions is significant, which correlates with economic development. Great effort is needed to develop the technique nationwide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Liang-Hao
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Zhao-Shen
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000639:trends*; D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome