title: Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior: prevalence, co-occurrence, and correlates of suicide among adolescents in Hong Kong.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite increasing concern over the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents, there is debate about its classification as a stand-alone psychiatric diagnosis. This study investigated the patterns, co-occurrence, and correlates of NSSI and other suicidal behaviors among a representative community sample of in-school adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of 2,317 adolescents was conducted. Participants were asked to self-report NSSI, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and psychosocial conditions over the past 12 months. Logistic regression and cumulative logit modeling analyses were conducted to investigate the different and similar correlates among these self-harm behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age-standardized prevalence rates of NSSI among male and female adolescents were estimated to be 13.4 and 19.7 %, respectively, compared with 11.1 and 10.1 % for male and female suicide attempt. Only a small proportion engaged in NSSI exclusively in the past year. NSSI by burning or reckless and risky behaviors, frequent drinking, and sexual experience were associated with increasing severity level of suicidal behaviors among individuals with NSSI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NSSI is prevalent among in-school adolescents in Hong Kong. However, it co-occurs with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. High lethality of NSSI, frequent drinking habit, and lifetime sexual experience are suggested to be indicators for screening potential suicide attempters among those having NSSI.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yee Tak Derek
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Paul Wai Ching
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Antoinette Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tai Hing
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Yun Sun Susan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Paul Siu Fai
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Yip
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult