title: Acute toxicity and gastroprotection studies of a new schiff base derived copper (II) complex against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Copper is an essential element in various metabolisms. The investigation was carried out to evaluate acute gastroprotective effects of the Copper (II) complex against ethanol-induced superficial hemorrhagic mucosal lesions in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats were divided into 7 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were orally administered with Tween 20 (10% v/v). Group 3 was orally administered with 20 mg/kg omeprazole (10% Tween 20). Groups 4-7 received 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg of the complex (10% Tween 20), respectively. Tween 20 (10% v/v) was given orally to group 1 and absolute ethanol was given orally to groups 2-7, respectively. Rats were sacrificed after 1 h. Group 2 exhibited severe superficial hemorrhagic mucosal lesions. Gastric wall mucus was significantly preserved by the pre-treatment complex. The results showed a significant increase in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) activities and a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Histology showed marked reduction of hemorrhagic mucosal lesions in groups 4-7. Immunohistochemical staining showed up-regulation of Hsp70 and down-regulation of Bax proteins. PAS staining of groups 4-7 showed intense stain uptake of gastric mucosa. The acute toxicity revealed the non-toxic nature of the compound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gastroprotective effect of the Copper (II) complex may possibly be due to preservation of gastric wall mucus; increase in PGE(2) synthesis; GSH, SOD, and NO up-regulation of Hsp70 protein; decrease in MDA level; and down-regulation of Bax protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hajrezaie
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golbabapour
authors.forename: Pouya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hassandarvish
authors.forename: Nura Suleiman
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Gwaram
authors.forename: A Hamid
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: A Hadi
authors.forename: Hapipah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mohd Ali
authors.forename: Nazia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Majid
authors.forename: Mahmood Ameen
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abdulla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012545:Schiff Bases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006023:Glycoproteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D020011:Protective Agents; D012545:Schiff Bases; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003300:Copper; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D015232:Dinoprostone