title: Multivalent glycoconjugates as anti-pathogenic agents.
abstract: Multivalency plays a major role in biological processes and particularly in the relationship between pathogenic microorganisms and their host that involves protein-glycan recognition. These interactions occur during the first steps of infection, for specific recognition between host and bacteria, but also at different stages of the immune response. The search for high-affinity ligands for studying such interactions involves the combination of carbohydrate head groups with different scaffolds and linkers generating multivalent glycocompounds with controlled spatial and topology parameters. By interfering with pathogen adhesion, such glycocompounds including glycopolymers, glycoclusters, glycodendrimers and glyconanoparticles have the potential to improve or replace antibiotic treatments that are now subverted by resistance. Multivalent glycoconjugates have also been used for stimulating the innate and adaptive immune systems, for example with carbohydrate-based vaccines. Bacteria present on their surfaces natural multivalent glycoconjugates such as lipopolysaccharides and S-layers that can also be exploited or targeted in anti-infectious strategies.
authors.affiliation: Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale and Centro di Eccellenza CISI, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Barbero
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casnati
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Castro
authors.forename: Tamis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Darbre
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fieschi
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finne
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funken
authors.forename: Karl-Erich
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahmann
authors.forename: Thisbe K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lindhorst
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marradi
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Messner
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molinaro
authors.forename: Paul V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nativi
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oscarson
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Penadés
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peri
authors.forename: Roland J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pieters
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Renaudet
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Reymond
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richichi
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rojo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schäffer
authors.forename: W Bruce
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: Trinidad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Velasco-Torrijos
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wennekes
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zuilhof
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imberty
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D037161:Galectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D053586:Virus Internalization / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D037161:Galectins; D006001:Glycoconjugates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides