title: Long-term outcome of laparoscopic surgery for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As most pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) are relatively small and solitary, they may be considered well suited for removal by a minimally invasive approach. There are few large series that describe laparoscopic surgery for PNET. The primary aim of this study was to describe the feasibility, outcome, and histopathology associated with laparoscopic pancreatic surgery (LS) of PNET in a large series.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with PNET who underwent LS at a single hospital from March 1997 to April 2011 were included retrospectively in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 72 patients with PNET underwent 75 laparoscopic procedures, out of which 65 were laparoscopic resections or enucleations. The median operative time of all patients who underwent resections or enucleations was 175 (60-520) min, the median blood loss was 300 (5-2700) ml, and the median length of hospital stay was 7 (2-27) days. The overall morbidity rate was 42%, with a surgical morbidity rate of 21% and postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) formation in 21%. Laparoscopic enucleations were associated with a higher rate of POPF than were laparoscopic resections. Five-year disease-specific survival rate was 90%. The T stage, R stage, and a Ki-67 cutoff value of 5% significantly predicted 5-year survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LS of PNET is feasible with acceptable morbidity and a good overall disease-specific long-term prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway. svhaug@ous-hf.no
authors.forename: Sven-Petter
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Haugvik
authors.forename: Irina Pavlik
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Marangos
authors.forename: Bård Ingvald
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Røsok
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pomianowska
authors.forename: Ivar Prydz
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Gladhaug
authors.forename: Oystein
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mathisen
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Edwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009664:Norway; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult