title: Extranodal lymphoma masquerading as carcinoma of the breast in an HIV-positive male patient.
abstract: This report describes a male patient infected with the HIV, with antiretroviral therapy (ART)-induced gynaecomastia. He presented with a right-sided breast mass which clinically resembled a carcinoma. A core biopsy suggested non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of diffuse large B cell histology. Also presented are his 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET)-CT scan findings which showed a highly avid mass (standardised uptake value (SUV) 34.5) in his right breast. In spite of a very good clinical response after the first cycle of chemotherapy, his disease relapsed at multiple sites and progressed early. This case illustrates the aggressive course of HIV-associated extranodal lymphomas, and also highlights the issues concerning the use of ART and chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre,  Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh,  India.
authors.forename: Madhup
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: Swaroop
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Revannasiddaiah
authors.forename: Rajeev Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Seam
authors.forename: Manoj Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged