title: Current standards and future directions for prostate cancer radiation therapy.
abstract: Definitive radiation therapy is a well-recognized curative treatment option for localized prostate cancer. A suitable technique, dose, target volume and the option of a combination with androgen deprivation therapy need to be considered. An optimal standard external beam radiotherapy currently includes intensity-modulated and image-guided radiotherapy techniques with total doses of ≥76-78 Gy in conventional fractionation. Protons or carbon ions are alternatives available only in specific centers. Data from several randomized studies increasingly support the rationale for hypofractionated radiotherapy. A simultaneous integrated boost with dose escalation focused on a computed tomography/PET- or MRI/magnetic resonance spectroscopy-detected malignant lesion is one option to increase tumor control, with potentially no additional toxicity. The application of a spacer is a promising concept for optimal protection of the rectal wall.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany. mpinkawa@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinkawa
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schoth
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Böhmer
authors.forename: Gencay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hatiboglu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharabi
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Eble
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D061089:Radiotherapy, Image-Guided / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists