title: In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of new water-stable cationic carbosilane dendrimers against Acanthamoeba castellanii UAH-T17c3 trophozoites.
abstract: Acanthamoeba is one of the most common free-living amoebas which is widespread in the environment and can infect humans, causing diseases such as keratitis and encephalitis. In this paper we examine for the first time the amebicidal activity of the family of cationic dendrimers nG-[Si{(CH(2))(3)N(+)(Me)(Et)(CH(2))(2)NMe(3)                           (+)}2I(-)](                   x                 ) (where n denotes the generations: zero (n = 0, x = 1), first (n = 1, x = 4), and second (n = 2, x = 8); for simplicity, they were named as 0G-CNN2, 1G-CNN8, and 2G-CNN16, respectively) against Acanthamoeba castellanii UAH-T17c3 trophozoites. In order to test the amebicidal activity, we cultured the strain A. castellanii UAH-T17c3 in PYG-Bactocasitone medium and later, we treated it with different concentrations of these dendrimers and monitored the effects and damage by optical count, flow cytometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that all the nanosystems assayed had a strong amebicidal activity. The dendrimer 1G-CNN8 was the most effective against the amoeba. In the morphology of treated throphozoites of A. castellanii UAH-T17c3 analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy techniques, morphological changes were evident in amoeba cells, such as loss of pseudopodia, ectoplasm increase, roundness, and cellular lysis. Furthermore, flow cytometry results showed alterations in cell granularity, which was dose-time dependent. In conclusion, this family of cationic carbosilane dendrimers has a strong amebicidal activity against the trophozoites of A. castellanii UAH-T17c3 in vitro. They could potentially become new agents significant to the development of new amebicidal compounds for prevention and therapy of Acanthamoeba infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Alcalá, Ctra Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km 33,600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heredero-Bermejo
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Copa-Patiño
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soliveri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Gallego
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rasines
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de la Mata
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Serrano
mesh_terms: D048248:Acanthamoeba castellanii / Q000187:drug effects*; D000563:Amebicides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002452:Cell Count; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008853:Microscopy; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053058:Trophozoites / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000563:Amebicides; D050091:Dendrimers; D012821:Silanes; C504072:carbosilane