title: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of 25 sulfonamide and quinolone antibiotics in water samples.
abstract: In this work, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection was developed to determine 25 antibiotics in mineral and run-off waters. Optimum DLLME conditions (5 mL of water at pH=7.6, 20% (w/v) NaCl, 685 μL of CHCl₃ as extractant solvent, and 1250 μL of ACN as disperser solvent) allowed the repeatable, accurate and selective determination of 11 sulfonamides (sulfanilamide, sulfacetamide, sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfadimidin, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfadimethoxine and sulfaquinoxaline) and 14 quinolones (pipemidic acid, marbofloxacin, fleroxacin, levofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, difloxacin, moxifloxacin, oxolinic acid and flumequine). The method was validated by means of the obtention of calibration curves of the whole method as well as a recovery study at two levels of concentration. The LODs of the method were in the range 0.35-10.5 μg/L with recoveries between 78% and 117%.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 La Laguna (Tenerife), Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Herrera-Herrera
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Borges
authors.forename: Teresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Borges-Miquel
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Delgado
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D008900:Mineral Waters / Q000032:analysis*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002725:Chloroform; D008900:Mineral Waters; D015363:Quinolones; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012997:Solvents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032159:acetonitrile