title: Response of the cell membrane-cytoskeleton complex to osmotic and freeze/thaw stresses. Part 2: The link between the state of the membrane-cytoskeleton complex and the cellular damage.
abstract: In an earlier paper [35], we examined the mutual interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and the cell membrane and explored the role this interaction plays during freeze/thaw. In this follow-up paper, we investigate the physical and chemical stresses induced by freeze/thaw and explore the different mechanisms of damage caused by these stresses. Our results showed that changes in cell volume during freeze/thaw and the unfrozen water content in the solution alter the cytoskeleton stiffness, and the available membrane material. Combined with unfavorable ice-membrane interactions and increasing membrane stiffness, increased de-structuring of the membrane (such as bleb and microvilli formation) synergistically act on the membrane-cytoskeleton system generating irreversible damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Vishard
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ragoonanan
authors.forename: Rebekah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Less
authors.forename: Alptekin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aksan
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D048429:Cell Size; D002470:Cell Survival; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005615:Freezing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007053:Ice / Q000009:adverse effects; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007053:Ice; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols