title: Plasma concentrations and therapeutic effects of budesonide in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of budesonide in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  
  
  METHODS
  11 dogs (mean ± SD age, 5.7 ± 3.9 years; various breeds and body weights) with moderate or severe IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each dog received a controlled-release formulation of budesonide (3 mg/m(2), PO, q 24 h) for 30 days (first day of administration was day 1). The concentration of budesonide and its metabolite (16-α-hydroxyprednisolone) was measured via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in plasma and urine samples obtained on days 1 and 8 of treatment. On those days, plasma samples were obtained before the daily budesonide administration and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 7 hours after drug administration, whereas urine samples were obtained after collection of the last blood sample. A clinical evaluation was performed on the dogs before onset of drug administration and on days 20 and 30 after start of drug administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest plasma concentration of budesonide and 16-α-hydroxyprednisolone on day 1 was detected at 1 hour and at 2 hours after drug administration, respectively. After standardization on the basis of specific gravity, the ratio between urinary concentrations of budesonide and 16-α-hydroxyprednisolone was 0.006 and 0.012 on days 1 and 8, respectively. The clinical response was adequate in 8 of 11 dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Budesonide was rapidly absorbed and metabolized in dogs with IBD. The drug gradually accumulated, and there was an adequate therapeutic response and no adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy. marco.pietra@unibo.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pietra
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fracassi
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diana
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gazzotti
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bettini
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peli
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morini
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagliuca
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roncada
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019819:Budesonide / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: C093190:16-hydroxyprednisolone; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D019819:Budesonide; D011239:Prednisolone