title: Vaccine development for protecting swine against influenza virus.
abstract: Influenza virus infects a wide variety of species including humans, pigs, horses, sea mammals and birds. Weight loss caused by influenza infection and/or co-infection with other infectious agents results in significant financial loss in swine herds. The emergence of pandemic H1N1 (A/CA/04/2009/H1N1) and H3N2 variant (H3N2v) viruses, which cause disease in both humans and livestock constitutes a concerning public health threat. Influenza virus contains eight single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome segments. This genetic structure allows the virus to evolve rapidly by antigenic drift and shift. Antigen-specific antibodies induced by current vaccines provide limited cross protection to heterologous challenge. In pigs, this presents a major obstacle for vaccine development. Different strategies are under development to produce vaccines that provide better cross-protection for swine. Moreover, overriding interfering maternal antibodies is another goal for influenza vaccines in order to permit effective immunization of piglets at an early age. Herein, we present a review of influenza virus infection in swine, including a discussion of current vaccine approaches and techniques used for novel vaccine development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Ames, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, USA.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Darin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Madson
authors.forename: Cathy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: D L Hank
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D058873:Pandemics / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines