title: Diverse physical growth trajectories in institutionalized Portuguese children below age 3: relation to child, family, and institutional factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and analyze diverse longitudinal trajectories of physical growth of institutionalized children and their relation to child, family, and institutional factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  49 institutionalized children were studied for 9 months after admission. Weight, height, and head circumference were measured on 4 occasions, beginning at admission. Data were analyzed using latent class analysis, yielding diverse patterns of growth for each feature, and relations with child characteristics, early family risk factors, and institutional relational care were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each growth feature, 4 classes emerged: "Persistently Low," "Improving," "Deteriorating," and "Persistently High." Younger age at admission was a risk factor for impaired physical growth across all domains. Physical characteristics at birth were associated with trajectories across all domains. Lower prenatal risk and better institutional relational care were associated with Improving weight over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Discussion highlights the role of children's physical features at birth, prenatal risk, and caregiver's cooperation with the child in explaining differential trajectories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belsky
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Ana Raquel
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.forename: Filipa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002674:Child, Institutionalized / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D048788:Growth and Development / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011174:Portugal; D012307:Risk Factors