title: Evaluation of percutaneous absorption of esculetin: effect of chemical enhancers.
abstract: Percutaneous transdermal absorption of esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin), an oxidative damage inhibitor, was evaluated by means of in vitro permeation studies in which vertical Franz-type diffusion cells and pig ear skin were employed. To determine the absorption of esculetin, we validated a simple, accurate, precise, and rapid HPLC-UV method. Additionally, the effects of several percutaneous enhancers were studied. Pretreatment of porcine skin was performed with ethanol (control vehicle), decenoic acid, oleic acid, R-(+)-limonene, and laurocapram (Azone®) (5% in ethanol, w/w, respectively). Pretreatment of skin with oleic acid or laurocapram led to statistically significant differences in the transdermal flux of esculetin with respect to controls. Of the two enhancers, laurocapram showed the greatest capacity to enhance the flux of esculetin across pig skin.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: del Rio  Sancho
authors.forename: César Eulogio
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Serna Jiménez
authors.forename: María Aracely
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Calatayud Pascual
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balaguer Fernández
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Femenía Font
authors.forename: Encarna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castillo García
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López Castellano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D004431:Ear, External; D000077222:Limonene; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010539:Permeability; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014468:Umbelliferones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001381:Azepines; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D003652:Decanoic Acids; D013729:Terpenes; D014468:Umbelliferones; C035229:laurocapram; D019301:Oleic Acid; C031071:decanoic acid; D000077222:Limonene; C007628:esculetin