title: Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status in breast cancer in relation to age, histological grade, size of lesion and lymph node involvement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women in Kashmir. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing hormone receptor positivity and its correlation with age at diagnosis, tumor size, histological grade and lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  132 newly diagnosed cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, SKIMS, Srinagar, JandK, were included after excluding biopsies, in-situ lesions and recurrence cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the patients was 48.2 years, 59.1% being ≤ 50 years of age. Mean duration of symptoms was 6.32 months. Most lesions (65.1%) were 2-5 cm and 16.7% were ≥ 5.0 cm in greatest dimension. The predominant (80.3%) morphology was IDC-NOS. The majority of the cases presented as grade II (52.1%) lesions and lymph node involvement was present in 65.2%. ER and PR were positive in 66.3% and 63.4% cases, respectively, increasing with rising age. High grade lesions and larger size tumors were more likely to be ER and PR negative. No correlation was found between ER/PR status and lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ER and PR expression in breast cancers in the current study was found to be higher than studies done in India/Asia but lower than studies conducted in the West, even on Indian/Asian immigrants. Markedly lower receptor expression in Indian/Asian studies is likely due to preanalytic variables, thresholds for positivity, and interpretation criteria. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Immunohistochemical Testing of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer are strongly advocated for standardization of receptor evaluation and for clinical management of breast cancer patients to provide best therapeutic options.
authors.affiliation: Pathology, SKIMS, Srinagar Kashmir, India. drgnsofi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gulam Nabi
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Sofi
authors.forename: Junaid Nabi
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Sofi
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nadeem
authors.forename: Rayees Yousuf
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Shiekh
authors.forename: Faroze Ahmad
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Abid Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sofi
authors.forename: Hillal Ahmad
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Rayees Ahmad
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bhat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone