title: Prevention and treatment of septic shock following mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a single-center retrospective study of 834 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the risk factors, prevention, and management of the septic shock following the mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (mini-PCNL).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 834 consecutive patients who underwent mini-PCNL from June 2004 to April 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The causes, prevention, and treatment of septic shock following mini-PCNL were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty out of 834 patients developed septic shock, and 17 patients recovered without complications. Three patients progressed to multiple organ dysfunction syndromes and expired. Multivariable analysis showed that the following variables were independently related to septic shock following mini-PCNL: female, with an odds ratio (OR = 1.055E8, P < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 4.192, P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female and diabetes mellitus are the risk factors for septic shock following mini-PCNL. Perioperative preventive measures can reduce the incidence of septic shock. Early recognition and timely bundle treatment may decrease the mortality.
authors.affiliation: , Shenyang, China, lcllmh@126.com.
authors.forename: Chunlai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yili
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents