title: A promising approach on biomass accumulation and withanolides production in cell suspension culture of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.
abstract: Withanolide is one of the most extensively exploited steroidal lactones, which are biosynthesized in Withania somnifera. Its production from cell suspension culture was analyzed to defeat limitations coupled with its regular supply from the plant organs. In order to optimize the different factors for sustainable production of withanolides and biomass accumulations, different concentrations of auxins or cytokinins and their combinations, carbon sources, agitation speed, organic additives and seaweed extracts was studied in cell suspension culture. Maximum biomass accumulation (16.72 g fresh weight [FW] and 4.18 g dry weight [DW]) and withanolides production (withanolide A 7.21 mg/g DW, withanolide B 4.23 mg/g DW, withaferin A 3.88 mg/g DW and withanone 6.72 mg/g DW) were achieved in the treatment of Gracilaria edulis extract at 40 % level. Organic additive L-glutamine at 200 mg/l in combination with picloram (1 mg/l) and KN (0.5 mg/l) promoted growth characteristics (11.87 g FW and 2.96 g DW) and withanolides synthesis (withanolide A 5.04 mg/g DW, withanolide B 2.59 mg/g DW, withaferin A 2.36 mg/g DW and withanone 4.32 mg/g DW). Sucrose at 5 % level revolved out to be a superior carbon source yielded highest withanolides production (withanolide A 2.88 mg/g DW, withanolide B 1.48 mg/g DW, withaferin A 1.35 mg/g DW and withanone 2.47 mg/g DW), whereas biomass (7.28 g FW and 1.82 g DW) was gratefully increased at 2 % level of sucrose in cell suspension culture. This optimized protocol can be utilized for large scale cultivation of W. somnifera cells in industrial bioreactors for mass synthesis of major withanolides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ganeshan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sivanandhan
authors.forename: Gnanajothi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kapil Dev
authors.forename: Murugaraj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeyaraj
authors.forename: Manoharan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajesh
authors.forename: Manickam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muthuselvam
authors.forename: Natesan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.forename: Markandan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manickavasagam
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganapathi
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D032341:Withania / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D054358:Withanolides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D054358:Withanolides; D002244:Carbon