title: African swine fever virus-cell interactions: from virus entry to cell survival.
abstract: Viruses have adapted to evolve complex and dynamic interactions with their host cell. The viral entry mechanism determines viral tropism and pathogenesis. The entry of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is dynamin-dependent and clathrin-mediated, but other pathways have been described such as macropinocytosis. During endocytosis, ASFV viral particles undergo disassembly in various compartments that the virus passes through en route to the site of replication. This disassembly relies on the acid pH of late endosomes and on microtubule cytoskeleton transport. ASFV interacts with several regulatory pathways to establish an optimal environment for replication. Examples of these pathways include small GTPases, actin-related signaling, and lipid signaling. Cellular cholesterol, the entire cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, and phosphoinositides are central molecular networks required for successful infection. Here we report new data on the conformation of the viral replication site or viral factory and the remodeling of the subcellular structures. We review the virus-induced regulation of ER stress, apoptosis and autophagy as key mechanisms of cell survival and determinants of infection outcome. Finally, future challenges for the development of new preventive strategies against this virus are proposed on the basis of current knowledge about ASFV-host interactions.
authors.affiliation: Dpto. de Biotecnología, INIA, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain. calonso@inia.es
authors.forename: Covadonga
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cuesta-Geijo
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cabezas
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hernaez
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Moreno
mesh_terms: D000358:African Swine Fever Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D013552:Swine; D053586:Virus Internalization; D014779:Virus Replication; D057646:Virus Uncoating