title: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular diseases: a review.
abstract: The role of inflammatory markers in cardiovascular diseases has been studied extensively and a consistent relationship between various inflammatory markers and cardiovascular diseases has been established in the past. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a new addition to the long list of these inflammatory markers. NLR, which is calculated from complete blood count with differential, is an inexpensive, easy to obtain, widely available marker of inflammation, which can aid in the risk stratification of patients with various cardiovascular diseases in addition to the traditionally used markers. It has been associated with arterial stiffness and high coronary calcium score, which are themselves significant markers of cardiovascular disease. NLR is reported as an independent predictor of outcome in stable coronary artery disease, as well as a predictor of short- and long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. It is linked with increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and higher long-term mortality in patients undergoing PCI irrespective of indications of PCI. In patients admitted with advanced heart failure, high NLR was reported with higher inpatient mortality. Recently, NLR has been reported as a prognostic marker for outcome from coronary artery bypass grafting and postcoronary artery bypass grafting atrial fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Staten Island University Hospital New York, 475 Seaview Ave, Staten Island, New York, NY 10305, USA.
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Sumaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teli
authors.forename: Jharendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rijal
authors.forename: Hilal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khoueiry
authors.forename: Mustafain
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meghani
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Costantino
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers