title: Divalent cations levels change in nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: Divalent cations (calcium, magnesium, zinc, cooper, manganese) play an important role in various biological processes. Different acute or chronic renal disorders in children or adults modify the urinary excretion of these cations and may influence their concentrations in organism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the changes of some divalent cations levels (Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca) in acute renal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of cations in pediatric patients with acute urinary infections. We also evaluated malondyaldehide (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) plasma levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obtained results show that serum levels of Ca, Cu, Zn are decreased in patients with acute urinary infections compared with a control group of healthy children, while urinary excretion of Cu and Zn there were higher in group study compared with control group. There are no significant differences of the serum magnesium concentration. Increased plasma MDA levels and decreased plasma TAC, Cu and Zn concentrations indicate an increased oxidative stress in patients with acute renal diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary data show that in some acute urinary conditions, such as lower urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis, appear disturbances of plasma and urinary concentrations of divalent cations. We consi der that trace elements should be measured routinely in children with renal disorders.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa-Iaşi, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa-Iaşi School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Oana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Teslariu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nechifor
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D014131:Trace Elements; D008345:Manganese; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003300:Copper; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium