title: Microstructures, surface states and field emission mechanism of graphene-tin/tin oxide hybrids.
abstract: The effects of microstructures and surface states on the field emission, which are important to a good understanding of the field emission mechanism, are unclear. In this paper, the microstructures and surface states of graphene-Sn/SnO2 hybrids were analyzed, and the field emission mechanism was explored. Raman spectra and images revealed that SnO2/Sn droplets are strongly bound on graphene surface, and there exist oxygen vacancies at the surface of graphene-Sn/SnO2 hybrids. Among X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, the peak of O 1s shifts 1.6 eV toward higher binding energies in the 5 min sample with the best field emission properties, which indicates that the field emission improvement in graphene-Sn/SnO2 hybrids arises from the band-bending effect and a lower work function.
authors.affiliation: Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Jijun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Minqiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xingbin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chenxin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.forename: Haixia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao