title: Acute blood glucose fluctuation induces myocardial apoptosis through oxidative stress and nuclear factor-ĸB activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It was the aim of this study to investigate whether acute blood glucose fluctuation induces myocardial apoptosis and to examine the potential mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were infused intermittently or continually with 50% glucose solution for 48 h. Serum and myocardium were taken to measure the levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase. The expression of nuclear factor (NF)-ĸB and apoptosis in myocardial cells was determined with immunohistochemisty and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, respectively. Expressions of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2-associated X protein and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 in myocardium were tested with Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of malondialdehyde and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2-associated X protein in the acute blood glucose fluctuation group (AFG) were enhanced, but glutathione peroxidase and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 were reduced compared with levels in the continually high blood glucose group (p < 0.05). The expression of NF-ĸB in the nuclei of myocardial cells in the AFG was significantly higher than that in the continually high blood glucose group (p < 0.05). Apoptotic myocytes were observed in myocardium of the AFG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute blood glucose fluctuation induces myocardial apoptosis, apparently associated with enhanced oxidative stress and activation of NF-ĸB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guanjing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016328:NF-kappa B; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase