title: BRCA 1 & 2 mutations in Sudanese secondary school girls with known breast cancer in their families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breast cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. In Sudan, it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. This study assesses the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among female students with a family history of breast cancer, in secondary schools of Marawi Locality, Northern State, Sudan.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a survey of 2370 students, 67 cases (47 with family history and 20 controls) were analyzed for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with a single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) mutation detection method applied to peripheral blood. Eighteen subjects knew of first degree female relatives with breast cancer, 23 with second degree female family members affected and 6 with related male sufferers. Twenty randomly selected girls from the remainder of the survey population with no known family history were also tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 accounted, respectively, for 1.21% of responders or 51% of those claiming a family history. Mutations were found in 20% of the group selected with no family history. Only 2 BRCA 2 mutations were found, both in girls with no known afflicted relatives. Six girls knew of male relatives with breast cancer; five of these girls carried mutant BRCA 1. Most of the BRCA1- mutations located to exon 11 fragments 11.9 and 11.1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates a high prevalence of genetically associated breast cancer in the Marawi locality suggesting a need to focus on the two mutation sites in developing screening protocols for at least this area of Sudan.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and health sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Sudan.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Elnour
authors.forename: Abozer Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Elderdery
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Babiker A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Daw
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elbietabdelaal
authors.forename: Abdelraheem Osman
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Kamal Eldin H
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Elhassan
authors.forename: Abdel Hady
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: A
authors.forename: Abdel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wahab
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cooper