title: Biological and phylogenetic characteristics of yellow fever virus lineages from West Africa.
abstract: The yellow fever virus (YFV), the first proven human-pathogenic virus, although isolated in 1927, is still a major public health problem, especially in West Africa where it causes outbreaks every year. Nevertheless, little is known about its genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics, mainly due to a limited number of genomic sequences from wild virus isolates. In this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of 24 full-length genomes from YFV strains isolated between 1973 and 2005 in a sylvatic context of West Africa, including 14 isolates that had previously not been sequenced. By this, we confirmed genetic variability within one genotype by the identification of various YF lineages circulating in West Africa. Further analyses of the biological properties of these lineages revealed differential growth behavior in human liver and insect cells, correlating with the source of isolation and suggesting host adaptation. For one lineage, repeatedly isolated in a context of vertical transmission, specific characteristics in the growth behavior and unique mutations of the viral genome were observed and deserve further investigation to gain insight into mechanisms involved in YFV emergence and maintenance in nature.
authors.affiliation: Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Security 1 (ZBS1), Berlin, Germany. nina.stock@web.de
authors.forename: Nina K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: Hewád
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laraway
authors.forename: Ousmane
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Faye
authors.forename: Mawlouth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niedrig
authors.forename: Amadou A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sall
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology; D000354:Africa, Western; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology; D008099:Liver / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015004:Yellow Fever / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D015005:Yellow fever virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins