title: Evaluating the long-term impact of the Trauma Team Training course in Guyana: an explanatory mixed-methods approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the retention of trauma knowledge and skills after an interprofessional Trauma Team Training (TTT) course in Guyana and explored the course impact on participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mixed-methods design evaluated knowledge using a multiple-choice quiz test, skills and trauma moulage simulation with checklists, and course impact with qualitative interviews. Participants were evaluated at 3 time points; before, after, and 4 months after TTT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven course participants included 20 physicians, 17 nurses, and 10 paramedical providers. All participants had improved multiple-choice quiz test scores after the course and retained knowledge after 4 months, with nonphysicians showing the most improved scores. Trauma skill and moulage scores declined slightly after 4 months, with the greatest decline observed in complex skills. Qualitatively, course participants self-reported impact of the TTT course included improved empowerment, knowledge, teamwork, and patient care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interprofessional team-based training led to the retention of trauma knowledge and skills as well as the empowerment of nonphysicians. The decline in performance of some trauma skills indicates the need for a regular trauma update course.
authors.affiliation: McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, MUMC Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pemberton
authors.forename: Madan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rambaran
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006172:Guyana; D006295:Health Resources / Q000600:supply & distribution; D057209:Hospital Rapid Response Team / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D033262:Narration; D009726:Nurses / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010820:Physicians / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011209:Power, Psychological; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries