title: Technical modification of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for primary hyperaldosteronism and clinical outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Standard laparoscopic adrenalectomy requires early control of the main adrenal vein; however, the small retroperitoneal working space is challenging for beginners to perform this maneuver. We report a technical modification of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA) for primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) and the clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 38 RLAs were performed for the patients with PHA. The patients were placed in true lateral position with mild bending to expand the surgical field. Instead of attempting to control the main adrenal vein initially, we adopted a technical modification that manipulating and freeing the gland first before controlling the main adrenal vein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RLAs were successfully performed in all but one case, which was converted to open surgery due to pancreatic injury. Mean operative time was 124 minutes and estimated blood loss was 74 ml. Mean maximal fluctuation of systolic blood pressure was 29 mmHg. For the right-side RLA, less operative time (113.5 vs. 137.9 minutes) and estimated blood loss (59.5 vs. 91.2 ml) were noted compared with the left-side procedure. Postoperative complications included cerebrovascular accident in one patient, one surgical site hematoma, and two patients had postoperative fever. Potassium level returned to normal in all patients and 70% of the patients reduced their antihypertensives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Technical modification RLA for PHA without initial control of the main adrenal vein is a safe and feasible procedure. No vigorous blood pressure fluctuation was intraoperatively noted. No vascular injury occurred. Moreover, the right-side procedure became easier.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong WHS Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi-Chia
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Guang-Dar
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Juang
authors.forename: Chung-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Yi-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Kuang-Yu
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chuo
authors.forename: Hong-En
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Te-Fu
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Thomas I S
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000098:blood supply; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000503:physiopathology; D061887:Conversion to Open Surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan; D014680:Veins / Q000601:surgery