title: A smartphone-based driver safety monitoring system using data fusion.
abstract: This paper proposes a method for monitoring driver safety levels using a data fusion approach based on several discrete data types: eye features, bio-signal variation,  in-vehicle temperature, and vehicle speed. The driver safety monitoring system was developed in practice in the form of an application for an Android-based smartphone device, where measuring safety-related data requires no extra monetary expenditure or equipment. Moreover, the system provides high resolution and flexibility. The safety monitoring process involves the fusion of attributes gathered from different sensors, including video, electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, temperature, and a three-axis accelerometer, that are assigned as input variables to an inference analysis framework.  A Fuzzy Bayesian framework is designed to indicate the driver's capability level and  is updated continuously in real-time. The sensory data are transmitted via Bluetooth communication to the smartphone device. A fake incoming call warning service alerts the driver if his or her safety level is suspiciously compromised. Realistic testing of the system demonstrates the practical benefits of multiple features and their fusion in providing a more authentic and effective driver safety monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
authors.forename: Boon-Giin
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wan-Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D001334:Automobile Driving; D040421:Cell Phone; D003199:Computer Systems; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D012449:Safety; D014741:Video Recording