title: Optimization of biodiesel production from animal fat residue in wastewater using response surface methodology.
abstract: Animal fat residues (AFR) from waste water were used as feedstock to produce biodiesel by a two-step acid-catalyzed process. Treatment of the AFRs with 5.4% (w/w) of 17 M H2SO4 at a methanol/AFR ratio of 13:1 (50%w/w) at 60 °C converted more than 95% of the triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with an acid value (AV) of 1.3 mgKOH/gbiodiesel. Response surface methodology indicated that a lower AV cannot be reached using a one-step acid catalyzed process. Thus a two-step acid catalyzed process was employed using 3.6% catalyst and 30% methanol for 5 h for the first step and 1.8% catalyst and 10% methanol for 1 h in the second step, resulting in a yield higher than 98% and an AV of 0.3 mgKOH/gbiodiesel. The product thus conforms to the European norm EN14214 concerning biodiesel.
authors.affiliation: École des Mines de Nantes, Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement, (DSEE), GEPEA, CNRS-UMR 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France. sary.awad@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sary
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paraschiv
authors.forename: Edwin Geo
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Varuvel
authors.forename: Mohand
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tazerout
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D056804:Biofuels; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000432:Methanol / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D008954:Models, Biological; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005223:Fats; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000432:Methanol; D062065:Wastewater