title: Investigation of preservative efficacy and microbiological content of some cosmetics found on the market.
abstract: In this study, microbial content and preservative efficacy of various cosmetic products, which are produced and sold in markets of our country, were investigated. Microbial content and preservative efficacies of products were investigated according to United States Pharmacopeia (USP) method. Microorganism counts of out 14 of 93 cosmetic products were recovered in the range between 1.5 x 10(2)-5.5 x 10(5) cfu/ml. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common contaminant identified in samples (from six different products) and was followed by Burkholderia cepacia (from four different products). Gram negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a yeast Candida krusei, were also isolated from samples. Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. were not recovered from any of samples. Preservative efficacies of fourteen out of ninety-three products did not meet the general efficacy of antimicrobial preservation criteria of the USP. Among these fourteen products, degradation and color change by Aspergillus niger was observed in one of samples. According to results, it was observed that pathogen and potential pathogen microorganisms can be found in unused cosmetic products and also preservatives may be ineffective in preventing them. Thus, in order to prevent the contamination that can occur during production, manufacturers are required to manufacture products in compliance with wholesome manufacturing practices and, considering consumer health, it is necessary to add an effective preservative as determined by regulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Turkey. seherbirteksoz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ayşe Seher
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Birteksöz Tan
authors.forename: Mayram
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tüysüz
authors.forename: Gülten
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ötük
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D011634:Public Health; D011786:Quality Control; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003358:Cosmetics