title: Development of innovative biopolymers and related composites for bone tissue regeneration: study of their interaction with human osteoprogenitor cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the framework of a project aiming to improve the properties of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based devices, we prepared novel composites and tested their in vitro biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity on human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from bone marrow.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prepared two functionalized derivatives, PCL-g-MAGMA and PCL-g-DMAEA, by insertion of anhydride groups by radical grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) and glycidyl-methacrylate (GMA) molecules, and by insertion of N-(dimethylamino)ethylacrylate (DMAEA) of tertiary amines groups, respectively. In addition, in order to improve the osteoconductive properties of the materials, we also prepared the corresponding composites containing the mineral component of bone, namely hydroxyapatite (HA). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) derived from bone marrow were prepared, plated onto a number of discs obtained from these functionalized derivatives and tested in terms of adhesion and vitality (by MTT test and SEM observation), and the expression of alkaline phosphatase, the early marker of osteoblastic phenotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biological in vitro assessment of the functionalized materials, PCL-g-MAGMA and PCL-g-DMAEA, appeared promising only in part, in particular the cells exhibited very poor adhesion to PCL-g-MAGMA. On the contrary, the related composites, PCL-g-MAGMA-HA and PCL-g-DMAEA-HA clearly showed that the addition of HA greatly ameliorated the cell-material interaction. In particular, a surprisingly increased response characterized PCL-g-MAGMA-HA, either in terms of adhesion and vitality or in terms of alkaline phosphatase activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altogether these studies showed that the addition of HA nanowhiskers resulted for all basic materials, in particular PCL-g-MAGMA, in improved cell adhesion and performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. mariaassunta.basile@unina2.it
authors.forename: Maria Assunta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Basile
authors.forename: Giovanna Gomez
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: d'Ayala
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurienzo
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malinconico
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Della Ragione
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliva
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008299:Maleic Anhydrides / Q000737:chemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D008299:Maleic Anhydrides; D008689:Methacrylates; D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone; D017886:Durapatite; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C007870:glycidyl methacrylate