title: Respiratory morbidity at follow-up of small-for-gestational-age infants born very prematurely.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine whether small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants born very prematurely had increased respiratory morbidity in the neonatal period and at follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were examined from infants recruited into the United Kingdom Oscillation Study (UKOS). Of the 797 infants who were born at <29 wk of gestational age, 174 infants were SGA. Overall, 92% were exposed to antenatal corticosteroids and 97% received surfactant; follow-up data at 22-28 mo were available for 367 infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for gestational age and sex, SGA infants had higher rates of supplementary oxygen dependency at 36 wk postmenstrual age (odds ratio (OR): 3.23; 95% confidence interval: 2.03, 5.13), pulmonary hemorrhage (OR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.82, 5.18), death (OR: 3.32; 95% CI: 2.13, 5.17), and postnatal corticosteroid requirement (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.35, 3.23). After adjustment for infant and respiratory morbidity risk factors, a lower mean birth weight z-score was associated with a higher prevalence of respiratory admissions (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.88 for 1 SD change in z-score), cough (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.65), and use of chest medicines (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SGA infants who were born very prematurely, despite routine use of antenatal corticosteroids and postnatal surfactant, had increased respiratory morbidity at follow-up, which was not due to poor neonatal outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: Jessica W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Walton
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: D'Costa
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greenough
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007902:Length of Stay; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants