title: The effect of playing advergames that promote energy-dense snacks or fruit on actual food intake among children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have focused on the effects of television advertising on the energy intake of children. However, the rapidly changing food-marketing landscape requires research to measure the effects of nontraditional forms of marketing on the health-related behaviors of children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of advergames that promote energy-dense snacks or fruit on children's ad libitum snack and fruit consumption and to examine whether this consumption differed according to brand and product type (energy-dense snacks and fruit). The second aim was to examine whether advergames can stimulate fruit intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a randomized between-subject design with 270 children (age: 8-10 y) who played an advergame that promoted energy-dense snacks (n = 69), fruit (n = 67), or nonfood products (n = 65) or were in the control condition (n = 69). Subsequently, we measured the free intake of energy-dense snacks and fruit. The children then completed questionnaire measures, and we weighed and measured them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main finding was that playing an advergame containing food cues increased general energy intake, regardless of the advertised brand or product type (energy-dense snacks or fruit), and this activity particularly increased the intake of energy-dense snack foods. Children who played the fruit version of the advergame did not eat significantly more fruit than did those in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that playing advergames that promote food, including either energy-dense snacks or fruit, increases energy intake in children.
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. f.folkvord@uva.nl
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Folkvord
authors.forename: Doeschka J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Anschütz
authors.forename: Moniek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buijzen
authors.forename: Patti M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Valkenburg
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003463:Cues; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000191:economics; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D062410:Snacks; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018910:Video Games / Q000009:adverse effects