title: Timing, extent, and type of child care and children's behavioral functioning in kindergarten.
abstract: Prior research has unearthed a link between early education and care (EEC) experiences and worse behavioral functioning for children, yet the research has not clearly delineated whether this link is due to early entry into care (timing), extensive hours of care (extent), or use of center-based care (type). Using a nationally representative sample of children followed from infancy through kindergarten (N ≈ 6,000), we assessed links between EEC timing, extent, and type, and children's kindergarten functioning. Both center-based and full-time preschool predicted heightened behavior problems and more limited learning behaviors in kindergarten, with care type and extent functioning additively. EEC during infancy and toddlerhood showed limited independent links with children's later functioning, but it exacerbated negative associations between preschool and children's kindergarten behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Boston College.
authors.forename: Rebekah Levine
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Coley
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Votruba-Drzal
authors.forename: Portia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koury
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D002654:Child Care / Q000379:methods; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D012931:Social Environment; D013997:Time Factors