title: Experience and expression of anger among Australian prisoners and the relationship between anger and reintegration variables.
abstract: We examined the experience and expression of anger among a group of Australian prisoners prior to and following prison release, as well as the relationship between anger and several reintegration variables. Participants were 79 adult prisoners (54 male, 25 female) who completed the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2) 1 month prior to release and again at 1 to 4 weeks and 3 to 4 months post-release. A postrelease questionnaire was also administered at the two postrelease points focusing on the quality of life conditions experienced following release. Mean state and trait anger scores were significantly higher at pre-release than post-release. As well, higher levels of anger expression and anger control were reported at pre-release compared with post-release. Higher age was related to lower state anger at post-release, whereas several variables were related to trait anger at post-release. Theoretical implications for reintegration theory are discussed, together with practical applications.
authors.affiliation: Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Shinkfield
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graffam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D000786:Anger; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012951:Socialization; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014739:Victoria; D014754:Violence / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult