title: Two waves of transcription are required for long-term memory in the honeybee.
abstract: Storage of information into long-term memory (LTM) usually requires at least two waves of transcription in many species. However, there is no clear evidence of this phenomenon in insects, which are influential models for memory studies. We measured retention in honeybees after injecting a transcription inhibitor at different times before and after conditioning. We identified two separate time windows during which the transcription blockade impairs memory quantitatively and qualitatively, suggesting the occurrence of an early transcription wave (triggered during conditioning) and a later one (starting several hours after learning). Hence insects, like other species, would require two transcription waves for LTM formation.
authors.affiliation: Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lefer
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perisse
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hourcade
authors.forename: Jeanchristophe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandoz
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Devaud
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000502:physiology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003609:Dactinomycin