title: Adipocytokines, hepatic and inflammatory biomarkers and incidence of type 2 diabetes. the CoLaus study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is contradictory information regarding the prognostic importance of adipocytokines, hepatic and inflammatory biomarkers on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The objective was to assess the prognostic relevance of adipocytokine and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein - CRP; interleukin-1beta - IL-1β; interleukin-6- IL-6; tumour necrosis factor-α - TNF-α; leptin and adiponectin) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) on the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, population-based study including 3,842 non-diabetic participants (43.3% men, age range 35 to 75 years), followed for an average of 5.5 years (2003-2008). The endpoint was the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  208 participants (5.4%, 66 women) developed type 2 diabetes during follow-up. On univariate analysis, participants who developed type 2 diabetes had significantly higher baseline levels of IL-6, CRP, leptin and γGT, and lower levels of adiponectin than participants who remained free of type 2 diabetes. After adjusting for a validated type 2 diabetes risk score, only the associations with adiponectin: Odds Ratio and (95% confidence interval): 0.97 (0.64-1.47), 0.84 (0.55-1.30) and 0.64 (0.40-1.03) for the second, third and forth gender-specific quartiles respectively, remained significant (P-value for trend = 0.05). Adding each marker to a validated type 2 diabetes risk score (including age, family history of type 2 diabetes, height, waist circumference, resting heart rate, presence of hypertension, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose and serum uric acid) did not improve the area under the ROC or the net reclassification index; similar findings were obtained when the markers were combined, when the markers were used as continuous (log-transformed) variables or when gender-specific quartiles were used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk for incident type 2 diabetes, but they seem to add little information regarding the risk of developing type 2 diabetes to a validated risk score.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. Pedro-Manuel.Marques-Vidal@chuv.ch
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marques-Vidal
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Murielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bochud
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bastardot
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Känel
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paccaud
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glaus
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Preisig
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waeber
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vollenweider
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers