title: Monitoring the body temperature of cows and calves using video recordings from an infrared thermography camera.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the variability of temperatures measured by a video-based infrared camera (IRC) in comparison to rectal and vaginal temperatures. The body surface temperatures of cows and calves were measured contactless at different body regions using videos from the IRC. Altogether, 22 cows and 9 calves were examined. The differences of the measured IRC temperatures among the body regions, i.e. eye (mean: 37.0 °C), back of the ear (35.6 °C), shoulder (34.9 °C) and vulva (37.2 °C), were significant (P < 0.01), except between eye and vulva (P = 0.99). The quartile ranges of the measured IRC temperatures at the 4 above mentioned regions were between 1.2 and 1.8 K. Of the investigated body regions the eye and the back of the ear proved to be suitable as practical regions for temperature monitoring. The temperatures of these 2 regions could be gained by the use of the maximum temperatures of the head and body area. Therefore, only the maximum temperatures of both areas were used for further analysis. The data analysis showed an increase for the maximum temperature measured by IRC at head and body area with an increase of rectal temperature in cows and calves. The use of infrared thermography videos has the advantage to analyze more than 1 picture per animal in a short period of time, and shows potential as a monitoring system for body temperatures in cattle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany. ghoffmann@atb-potsdam.de
authors.forename: Gundula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ammon
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rose-Meierhöfer
authors.forename: Onno
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Burfeind
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heuwieser
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D016014:Linear Models; D013817:Thermography / Q000662:veterinary*; D014743:Videotape Recording