title: Proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained from West Highland White Terriers with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, dogs with chronic bronchitis, and healthy dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate protein expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from West Highland White Terriers with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), dogs with chronic bronchitis, and healthy control dogs to identify potential biomarkers for IPF.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALF samples obtained from 6 West Highland White Terriers with histologically confirmed IPF, 5 dogs with chronic bronchitis, and 4 healthy Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Equal amounts of proteins in concentrated BALF samples were separated via 2-D differential gel electrophoresis. Proteins that were differentially expressed relative to results for healthy control dogs were identified with mass spectrometry and further verified via western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of 6 proteins was upregulated and that of 1 protein was downregulated in dogs with IPF or chronic bronchitis, compared with results for healthy dogs. Expression of proteins β-actin, complement C3, α-1-antitrypsin, apolipoprotein A-1, haptoglobin, and transketolase was upregulated, whereas expression of lysozyme C was downregulated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proteomics can be used to search for biomarkers and to reveal disease-specific mechanisms. The quantitative comparison of proteomes for BALF obtained from dogs with IPF and chronic bronchitis and healthy dogs revealed similar changes for the dogs with IPF and chronic bronchitis, which suggested a common response to disease processes in otherwise different lung diseases. Specific biomarkers for IPF were not identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. liisa.lilja-maula@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Liisa I O
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Lilja-Maula
authors.forename: Mari J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Palviainen
authors.forename: Henna P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.forename: Marja R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Raekallio
authors.forename: Minna M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rajamäki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D029481:Bronchitis, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers