title: Comparison of surgical stress in patients undergoing open versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by measuring perioperative serum cytokine levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the perioperative serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with open or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RP) and assessed the surgical stress based on the cytokine levels in addition to conventional clinical stress markers after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-five patients who received RP for clinically localized PCa were enrolled. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-12p70 were quantitatively measured using a multiplex bead array at three time points (i.e., before the operation [pre-OP], immediately after the operation [post-OP], and on postoperative Day 1 [POD1]). The perioperative changes in serum stress markers, including cytokines, were compared between patients who underwent open and laparoscopic RP, and the predictors for high levels of postoperative cytokines were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age and estimated blood loss were significantly lower in the laparoscopic RP group than in the open RP group (P=.003 and P<.01, respectively). In all patients, body temperature, white blood cell count, and serum IL-10 and IL-6 levels were significantly higher at post-OP and POD1 than at pre-OP. Patients who underwent laparoscopic RP had significantly lower levels of serum IL-10, IL-6, and IL-1β at post-OP and POD1 than those who underwent open RP. Multivariate regression analyses showed that the surgical group (open versus laparoscopic) was an independent influencing factor on the levels of serum IL-6 and IL-10 at POD1 (P=.031 and P<.004, respectively) among various clinical perioperative parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6 and IL-10, are potential surgical stress markers in patients with PCa treated with RP. Based on cytokine production, our data support the view that laparoscopic RP is less invasive than open RP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Teruaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maita
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Numakura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuruta
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Habuchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines