title: The influence of intraoperative microelectrode recordings and clinical testing on the location of final stimulation sites in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of our study was to investigate the influence of intraoperative microelectrode recordings and clinical testing on the location of the final stimulation site in deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 22 patients with Parkinson's disease we compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based and atlas-based targets with the adjusted stimulation sites after intraoperative, multitrack microelectrode recording (MER) and intraoperative and postoperative clinical testing. The investigation included 176 target/stimulation sites in 44 subthalamic nuclei (STNs), which were related to a standardised three-dimensional, MRI-defined STN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atlas-based targets were positioned more superior and more medial than the MRI-based targets, which were located in the centre of the MRI-STN. The optimal stimulation sites, found intraoperatively after MER and clinical testing, were located more lateral and slightly more superior than both planned targets. In the majority of the cases the location of the active contact was the most superior and most lateral of all target sites. The differences in the distributions of those four targets reached statistical significance. However, final active contacts were distributed throughout the MRI-defined STN and its immediate surroundings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adoption of microelectrode recordings and extensive clinical testing allows the adjustment of anatomical targeting even to unexpected stimulation sites in and around the MRI-defined STN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. juergen.schlaier@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: Juergen Ralf
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schlaier
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Habermeyer
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janzen
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fellner
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hochreiter
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Proescholdt
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brawanski
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted