title: Feasibility of alpha tricalcium phosphate for vertical bone augmentation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inadequate vertical bone compromises dental implant positioning and subsequent restoration. This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of alpha tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) for vertical bone augmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine cortical perforations were made on each side of the parietal bone of rat calvaria under continuous saline coolant. Polytetrafluoroethylene cylinders were placed under the periosteum and α-TCP particles were applied in the cylinders in the TCP group while the cylinders were left empty in the control group. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery and analyzed radiologically and histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The augmented bone volumes in the control and TCP groups were 91.5 ± 25.6% and 76.5 ± 49.8% (mean ± SD) of the original bone at 4 weeks, and 136.3 ± 59.7% and 139 ± 62.4% at 8 weeks respectively. There was no significant difference between control and test groups. At 4 weeks the bone height was augmented by 168.8 ± 26.7% and 128.8 ± 62% in the control and TCP groups respectively (not significant), whereas significantly higher vertical bone was achieved in the TCP group than in the control group at 8 weeks (251 ± 32% vs 179.2 ± 30.3%, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 8 weeks α-TCP is effective in maintaining space under periosteum and potentially would be applicable in vertical bone augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Global Center of Excellence Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Prosthodontics, University of Dental Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Myat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nyan
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noritake
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasugai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010521:Periosteum / Q000601:surgery; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004337:Drug Carriers; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene