title: Adult orthodontics in the absence of orthognathic treatment: a hospital perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine adult orthodontic treatment within two hospital settings and ascertain whether any factors have a statistically significant effect on treatment outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Through the analysis of hospital case notes, variables relating to adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment that did not involve orthognathic surgery between 1991 and 2008 at the Eastman Dental and Croydon University Hospitals, were studied. In addition, a proportion of study models were Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scored to determine treatment outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females accounted for 76·2% of the adults studied, with a mean age of 31·24 years. The most commonly presenting malocclusion was a class II division 1 incisor relationship on a class II skeletal base, with over half of all patients studied having missing teeth upon presentation. The mean treatment length was 2·29 years. Only the type of orthodontic treatment (orthodontic-only or multidisciplinary) and/or the presence of a crowded upper labial segment had a statistically significant effect on treatment outcomes, as measured by PAR scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has highlighted demographical and treatment trends from a cohort of adult patients studied within two hospital orthodontic departments. It also illustrates that a crowded upper labial segment and the type of treatment provided has a statistically significant effect on post-treatment PAR scores.
authors.affiliation: Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London, UK. mcedro2@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cedro
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Moles
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hodges
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications; D002508:Cephalometry; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003796:Dental Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D003765:Models, Dental; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010348:Patient Care Team; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000628:therapy; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult