title: Neuroanatomical pattern classification in a population-based sample of first-episode schizophrenia.
abstract: Recent neuroanatomical pattern classification studies have attempted to individually classify cases with psychotic disorders using morphometric MRI data in an automated fashion. However, this approach has not been tested in population-based samples, in which variable patterns of comorbidity and disease course are typically found. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy (DA) of the above technique to discriminate between incident cases of first-episode schizophrenia identified in a circumscribed geographical region over a limited period of time, in comparison with next-door healthy controls. Sixty-two cases of first-episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder and 62 age, gender and educationally-matched controls underwent 1.5 T MRI scanning at baseline, and were naturalistically followed-up over 1 year. T1-weighted images were used to train a high-dimensional multivariate classifier, and to generate both spatial maps of the discriminative morphological patterns between groups and ROC curves. The spatial map discriminating first-episode schizophrenia patients from healthy controls revealed a complex pattern of regional volumetric abnormalities in the former group, affecting fronto-temporal-occipital gray and white matter regions bilaterally, including the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, as well as the third and lateral ventricles. However, an overall modest DA (73.4%) was observed for the individual discrimination between first-episode schizophrenia patients and controls, and the classifier failed to predict 1-year prognosis (remitting versus non-remitting course) of first-episode schizophrenia (DA=58.3%). In conclusion, using a "real world" sample recruited with epidemiological methods, the application of a neuroanatomical pattern classifier afforded only modest DA to classify first-episode schizophrenia subjects and next-door healthy controls, and poor discriminative power to predict the 1-year prognosis of first-episode schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Centro de Medicina Nuclear, 3o andar, LIM-21, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, s/n; Postal code 05403-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. marcus_zanetti@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Marcus V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.forename: Maristela S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Schaufelberger
authors.forename: Jimit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.forename: Yangming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Luiz K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Paulo R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scazufca
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davatzikos
authors.forename: Geraldo F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Busatto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging; D011153:Population; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000145:classification* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents