title: Does the force level modulate the cortical activity during isometric contractions after a cervical spinal cord injury?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of a cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) on the modulation of cortical desynchronization (ERD) during isometric contractions at different force levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 8 able-bodied (AB) and 6 cervical SCI participants, the net joint moment and electroencephalographic activities were recorded during isometric contractions of the right elbow in flexion and in extension at 3 force levels, that is, during intact and altered muscle contractions for SCI participants. The mean net moment and ∼20 Hz ERD from C3 electroencephalographic electrode were compared between AB and SCI participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In flexion, that is, during intact contractions for all participants, the mean net moment and the ERD increased with the required force level. In extension, that is, during altered contractions, the mean net moment increased for 3 SCI participants while it was almost zero for 3 other SCI participants. The associated ERD increased with the required force level for all participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cortical desynchronization was modulated by the intent to modulate the force level rather than the actual modulation of the force production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide a better understanding of the modulation of the cortical desynchronization following SCI. Potential applications could include the control of neuroprostheses.
authors.affiliation: ISM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France. sylvain.cremoux@univ-amu.fr
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cremoux
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tallet
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berton
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dal Maso
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amarantini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003344:Cortical Synchronization / Q000502:physiology; D004550:Elbow / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*