title: Behavioral response elicited by stimulation of the mesolimbic system after procaine and bicuculline injection into the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in rats.
abstract: The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) is anatomically connected with dopaminergic cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In the present study, VTA-stimulation induced feeding or locomotor response was tested after temporary inactivation (procaine injection) or activation (bicuculline injection) of the PPN in the ipsi- or contralateral hemisphere. Motor and motivation aspects of appetitive behavior were analyzed on the basis of the latency/stimulation frequency curve shift paradigm, in male Wistar rats (n=48). Procaine injections into the PPN had more significant effects on both types of behavioral response during VTA stimulation than bicuculline. On the day of injection (day 0) procaine increased reaction threshold of the observed responses: a rise by 22% after contra- and 17% after ipsilateral injection in the case of feeding, and an inverse result side-wise for locomotor response, i.e. around 12% and 20% respectively. Bicuculline injected into the PPN did not cause significant effects on day 0 and the values of reaction threshold oscillated around ±10% for both behaviors, except in rats with locomotor reaction after contralateral injection. The observed reactions stabilized within on consecutive days (days 1-3) after procaine/bicuculline injection in both behavioral groups. The results indicate that the PPN and VTA belong to the same central circuitry involved in the regulation of psychomotor activation. However, the influence of PPN-VTA inter-hemispheric connections on reward and addiction function of the VTA is still unexplained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, University of Gdansk, 24Kładki Str, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland. grajer@wp.pl
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jerzemowska
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Plucińska
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Majkutewicz
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orzeł-Gryglewska
authors.forename: Weronika
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Trojniar
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D045042:Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects*; D011343:Procaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D011343:Procaine; D001640:Bicuculline