title: Case report: Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) inhibition of the "Warburg Effect" in a human cancer patient: complete response in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after disease progression with rituximab-CHOP.
abstract: The uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the tumors of various cancer types demonstrates the key role of glucose in the proliferation of cancer. Dichloroacetate is a 2-carbon molecule having crucial biologic activity in altering the metabolic breakdown of glucose to lactic acid. Human cell line studies show that dichloroacetate switches alter the metabolomics of the cancer cell from one of glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, and in doing so restore mitochondrial functions that trigger apoptosis of the cancer cell. Reports of dichloroacetate in human subjects are rare. The authors contacted individuals from Internet forums who had reported outstanding anti-cancer responses to self-medication with dichloroacetate. With informed consent, complete medical records were requested to document response to dichloroacetate, emphasizing the context of monotherapy with dichloroacetate. Of ten patients agreeing to such an evaluation, only one met the criteria of having comprehensive clinic records as well as pathology, imaging and laboratory reports, along with single agent therapy with dichloroacetate. That individual is the focus of this report. In this case report of a man with documented relapse after state-of-the-art chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a significant response to dichloroacetate is documented with a complete remission, which remains ongoing after 4 years. Dichloroacetate appears to be a novel therapy warranting further investigation in the treatment of cancer.
authors.affiliation: International Strategic Cancer Alliance, Ashland, OR 97520, USA. sbstrum@gmail.com
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Strum
authors.forename: Orn
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adalsteinsson
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Dmitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Peress
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waldenfels
mesh_terms: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012074:Remission Induction; D000069283:Rituximab; D012651:Self Medication; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; C571759:R-CHOP protocol; D000069283:Rituximab; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid; D011241:Prednisone