title: [Study of optimization of whole lung lavage applied to pneumoconiosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe and evaluate the performances of intermittent positive pressure ventilation, beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, and pressure lavage in promoting residual fluid absorption and improving blood oxygen saturation during massive whole lung lavage (WLL).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 155 patients were randomly divided into pressure ventilation (PV) group (n = 28), adrenaline (Ad) group (n = 31), PV plus Ad group (n = 29), pressure infusion bag (PIB) group (n = 30), and control group (n = 32). The patients underwent staged MWLL of bilateral lungs. The blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) of arterial blood of finger, chest X-ray findings, clinical symptoms, and lung functions were observed before and after MWLL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in change in clinical symptoms among the five groups after MWLL (P > 0.05). The Ad group showed 6.3% increase in forced vital capacity (FVC) and 10.9% increase in forced expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity (FEF(25%)) after MWLL (P < 0.05). The control group showed 5.7% decrease in FVC, 10.9% increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1.0)), and 12.0% increase in FEF(25%) after MWLL (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in other groups (P > 0.05). During and after MWLL, the incidence rates of hypoxemia in PV group, PV plus Ad group, and control group were 0, 0, and 12.5% (8/64), respectively (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in total amount of lavage fluid and amount of residual fluid in the lung among all groups (P > 0.05). The smallest difference between the optical densities of the two lung fields on chest x-ray at 3 h after WLL was 0.152 ± 0.053 in the PV plus Ad group, compared to 0.194 ± 0.074 in the PV group, 0.197 ± 0.054 in the PIB group, 0.214 ± 0.054 in the Ad group, and 0.241 ± 0.109 in the control group, with significant differences between the saline group and other groups except Ad group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pressure ventilation, adrenaline, and pressure lavage can promote the transportation and absorption of residual fluid in the lung and decrease the incidence of hypoxemia during WLL.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Shao-wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zi-dan
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lu-qin
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: He-ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000379:methods*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011009:Pneumoconiosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D004837:Epinephrine