title: Metabolomic profiling of the antitussive and expectorant plant Tussilago farfara L. by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis.
abstract: This study aims to find metabolites responsible for antitussive and expectorant activities of Tussilago farfara L. by metabolomic approach. Different parts (roots, flower buds, and leaves) of the title plant were analyzed systematically. The in vivo study revealed that the leaves and flower buds had strong antitussive and expectorant effects. Then ¹H NMR spectrometry together with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant (PLS-DA) analysis were used to investigate the compounds responsible for the bioactivities. PCA was used to find the differential metabolites, while PLS-DA confirmed a strong correlation between the observed effects and the metabolic profiles of the plant. The result revealed that chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and rutin may be closely related with the antitussive and expectorant activities. The overall results of this study confirm the benefits of using metabolic profiling for screening active principles in medicinal plants.
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hai-Juan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.forename: Fu-Sheng
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Li-Zeng
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Xue-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D005100:Expectorants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D012431:Rutin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D031207:Tussilago / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000996:Antitussive Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005100:Expectorants; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D012431:Rutin; C100434:3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid