title: Subacute oral toxicity of combinations of selected synthetic pyrethroids, piperonyl butoxide, and tetramethrin in rats.
abstract: In this study, 70 Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups (six experimental and one control), which consisted of animals belonging to both sexes. Different combinations of insecticides were administered daily to the experimental groups (group 1: cypermethrin + piperonyl butoxide (PBO); group 2: alphacypermethrin + PBO; group 3: deltamethrin + PBO; group 4: cypermethrin + PBO + tetramethrin; group 5: alphacypermethrin + PBO + tetramethrin; and group 6: deltamethrin + PBO + tetramethrin) for 28 days. During the study period, mortality and serious clinical findings were not observed in any animal. However, feed consumptions decreased in groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05). Red blood cells, white blood cells, and hemoglobin levels, especially in cypermethrin and alphacypermethrin groups (groups 1, 2, and 4), were found to be higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, biochemical changes related to liver, kidney functions, and protein metabolism occurred in males of almost all the groups. Relative liver and kidney weights of the male animals increased in the cypermethrin and alphacypermethrin groups (p < 0.05). The most common finding observed during the histopathological examination of all the experimental groups was centrilobular degeneration in the liver. It was concluded that although clinical symptoms were not observed, synthetic pyrethroid, synergist, and knockdown agent combinations might cause serious abnormalities when administered in certain doses in mammalians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey oguzhany@omu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Oguzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yavuz Kursad
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Yavuz
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Gulbahar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guvenc
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Enes
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atmaca
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma Gul
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Yarim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cenesiz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D059551:Toxicity Tests, Subacute
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide; C009424:tetramethrin
keywords: Pesticides; combination toxicity; in vivo; piperonyl butoxide; synergists