title: Three-dimensional optoacoustic tomography using a conventional ultrasound linear detector array: whole-body tomographic system for small animals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optoacoustic imaging relies on the detection of ultrasonic waves induced by laser pulse excitations to map optical absorption in biological tissue. A tomographic geometry employing a conventional ultrasound linear detector array for volumetric optoacoustic imaging is reported. The geometry is based on a translate-rotate scanning motion of the detector array, and capitalizes on the geometrical characteristics of the transducer assembly to provide a large solid angular detection aperture. A system for three-dimensional whole-body optoacoustic tomography of small animals is implemented.
  
  
  METHODS
  The detection geometry was tested using a 128-element linear array (5.0∕7.0 MHz, Acuson L7, Siemens), moved by steps with a rotation∕translation stage assembly. Translation and rotation range of 13.5 mm and 180°, respectively, were implemented. Optoacoustic emissions were induced in tissue-mimicking phantoms and ex vivo mice using a pulsed laser operating in the near-IR spectral range at 760 nm. Volumetric images were formed using a filtered backprojection algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resolution of the optoacoustic tomography system was measured to be better than 130 μm in-plane and 330 μm in elevation (full width half maximum), and to be homogenous along a 15 mm diameter cross section due to the translate-rotate scanning geometry. Whole-body volumetric optoacoustic images of mice were performed ex vivo, and imaged organs and blood vessels through the intact abdominal and head regions were correlated to the mouse anatomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the feasibility of three-dimensional and high-resolution whole-body optoacoustic imaging of small animal using a conventional linear array was demonstrated. Furthermore, the scanning geometry may be used for other linear arrays and is therefore expected to be of great interest for optoacoustic tomography at macroscopic and mesoscopic scale. Specifically, conventional detector arrays with higher central frequencies may be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingoldstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany. jerome.gateau@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gateau
authors.forename: Miguel Angel Araque
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dima
authors.forename: Vasilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ntziachristos
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000818:Animals; D006257:Head; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D051379:Mice; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014054:Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation*