title: Incubation temperature induces changes in muscle cellularity and gene expression in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis).
abstract: Fertilised eggs of Senegalese sole were incubated at 15, 18 or 21 °C, and after hatching all larvae were reared at 21 °C until 30 days post-hatch. By this point larvae from the 18 or 21 °C temperature groups had 11 and 9% more muscle fibres than those from 15 °C, respectively. Hyperplastic growth during metamorphosis was higher in larvae from 18 °C. Embryonic temperature induced gene expression changes, albeit with a variable pattern throughout development. Myf5, myod2, myHC and fst mRNA levels were significantly higher at several stages prior to hatching in embryos incubated at 21 °C, whereas hsp90AB and hsp70 transcripts were present at higher levels in the 15 °C group. Myf5, myod1, myod2, pax7, myog, fst, igf-II, igf1r, hsp90AA and hsp90AB were expressed at higher levels during early development, particularly during somitogenesis. In contrast, mrf4, myHC, mylc2, igf-I, mstn1 and hsp70 were up-regulated at later stages of larval development, namely during and after metamorphosis. This study is the first example of thermal plasticity of myogenesis with prolonged effect in a flatfish.
authors.affiliation: CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental and ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Luísa M P
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Luís E C
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engrola
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Jorge M O
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D002452:Cell Count; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005260:Female; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008297:Male; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051787:Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins; D017570:MyoD Protein; D051787:Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5