title: Dietary high fluorine induces apoptosis and alters Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 protein expression in the cecal tonsil lymphocytes of broilers.
abstract: Long-term excessive fluoride intake is known to be toxic and can lead to fluorosis and bone pathologies. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying sodium fluoride-induced cytotoxicity in the cecal tonsil lymphocytes are not well understood. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of high dietary fluorine on apoptosis and the expression of the Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in the cecal tonsil lymphocytes of broilers. The broilers were fed on high-fluorine diets containing 0, 400, 800, and 1,200 mg/kg fluorine. As measured by flow cytometry, the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes was significantly increased in the high-fluorine groups II and III when compared with those in the control group. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical tests showed that the Bcl-2 protein expression decreased, and the Bax and caspase-3 protein expression increased in the high-fluorine groups II and III. In conclusion, dietary fluorine in the range of 800-1,200 mg/kg increased lymphocyte apoptosis in the cecal tonsil of broilers, suggesting that the lymphocyte apoptosis in the cecal tonsil was mediated by direct effects of fluoride on the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014 Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hengmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Zhicai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Hesong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bangyuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yuanxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Kangping
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002432:Cecum; D002645:Chickens; D004032:Diet; D005461:Fluorine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D005461:Fluorine; D053148:Caspase 3