title: Reproductive function in middle-aged males: healthy men versus male partners of infertile couples.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the reproductive parameters and the health-related, lifestyle and educational factors in middle-aged healthy men and male partners of infertile couples. Our patient group included 164 male partners of infertile couples with a preceding period of infertility of at least 12 months and 61 men attending a prostate health screening and considering themselves healthy. Significant differences between the groups were found in testicular volume, total sperm output, density and morphology as well as oestradiol levels in serum. The analysis showed significant positive correlations between testicular volume and semen quality, while negative correlations were observed between gonadotrophin levels and sperm parameters in both groups. Physical activity and sexual capability were higher in healthy men, while coital frequency and a history of sexually transmitted diseases were higher in male partners of infertile couples. The impact of physical activity and sexual capability on semen quality for all subjects was revealed. We can conclude that impaired reproductive function, that is, semen quality, in men >45 years is related not only with general male ageing but obvious differences between subjects of infertile couples and healthy middle-aged men can be seen. Their relations with lifestyle, environmental or physiological factors need further study.
authors.affiliation: Andrology Centre, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Surgery, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ausmees
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mändar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Korrovits
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarkovski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Timberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Punab
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D003075:Coitus; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D055101:Semen Analysis; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications; D013076:Sperm Count; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Fertility; middle-aged men; reproductive function; semen quality