title: Comparison of the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus between rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta lasiotis) and human being.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes. To determine the similarities of development of T2DM between rhesus monkey [Macaca mulatta lasiotis (M. m. lasiotis)] and human being, the clinical parameters were determined during a period of 2 years in 60 adult male rhesus monkeys (M. m. lasiotis).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty male monkeys whose fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level less than or equal to 5 mmol/L (90 mg/dL) were enrolled in this study. Of these, 50 monkeys aged 7 to 20 years were fed with high-fat diet and 10 aged 4 to 10 years fed with standard diet as normal monkeys. Body weight, body mass index, FPG, fasting plasma insulin, and hemoglobin A1c levels were measured and calculated. The responses of insulin and glucose levels to intravenous glucose tolerance test were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 50 monkeys fed with high-fat diet, 8 developed overt T2DM, 26 experienced impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose, and FPG of 16 monkeys was normal. All monkeys with impaired glucose tolerance experienced obesity, compensatory increase of fasting plasma insulin, significant decline of postprandial glucose clearance rate (KGluc5-20), and decreased insulin secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, rhesus monkey (M. m. lasiotis) has many similarities with human beings in terms of clinical manifestations and risk factors at different diabetes stages.
authors.affiliation: Sinopharm Center for Safety Evaluation and Research, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Zunyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhengli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Anchun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Licai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Qihui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin