title: Association of serum osteoprotegerin with vascular calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoprotegerin is a member of the tumor necrosis factor-related family and inhibits RANK stimulation of osteoclast formation as a soluble decoy receptor. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship of serum osteoprotegerin with vascular calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 124 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including 88 males and 36 females with a mean (± SD) age of 65.6 ± 8.2 years old. Serum levels of osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and adiponectin were measured by ELISA. Vascular calcification in the cervical artery was examined by ultrasound sonography. The subjects were divided into 4 quartiles depending on serum osteoprotegerin levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular calcification was significantly higher in the 4th quartile and significantly lower in the 1st quartile of serum osteoprotegerin levels, compared to other quartiles. There were no differences in serum osteoprotegerin and vascular calcification among patients with different stages of diabetic nephropathy, but serum FGF23 levels were elevated in those with stage 4 diabetic nephropathy. Simple regression analysis showed that serum osteoprotegerin levels had significant positive correlations with age, systolic blood pressure and serum adiponectin levels, and significant negative correlations with BMI and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that elevated serum osteoprotegerin may be involved in vascular calcification independently of progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Taeko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Sachimi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jinbo
authors.forename: Nahoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: San-e
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000717427:FGF23 protein, human; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23