title: A functional insertion/deletion polymorphism (-94 ins/del ATTG) in the promoter region of the NFKB1 gene is related to the risk of renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activated nuclear factor-ĸB is associated with the pathogenesis of numerous malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study aimed to clarify the influence of a common insertion/deletion polymorphism (-94 ins/del ATTG, rs28362491) in the NFKB1 promoter on RCC susceptibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped the NFKB1 -94 ins/del ATTG promoter polymorphism by the TaqMan method and assessed the association with RCC risk, clinicopathological parameters in a case-control study of 1,027 cases and 1,094 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotype frequencies were significantly different between RCC cases and controls (p = 0.046). Compared with individuals carrying the ins/del + del/del genotypes, those with the ins/ins genotype had an increased RCC risk [p = 0.036, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.48], particularly in the subgroup of younger age (p = 0.005, adjusted OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.11-1.83) and never smokers (p = 0.013, adjusted OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.07-1.69). Furthermore, the polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of developing localized stage RCC (p = 0.020, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04-1.53).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The functional NFKB1 promoter polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Hongzhou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Lijiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Guiming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Meilin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhengdong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; C489548:NFKB1 protein, human