title: Prevention strategies for prostate cancer.
abstract: Through the last decade consideration of the role of vitamins and minerals in primary prevention of genitourinary tumors has dramatically changed. Despite all efforts efficacy of a specific compound has not been proven, so far. In consequence, recommendations for a use of vitamins or other supplements with the intention of prostate cancer prevention should be avoided today. In contrast, there is some evidence that life style modification might be helpful: recent investigations suggest that smoking may be involved in prostate cancer carcinogenesis. In addition, there is evidence that moderate food consumption, reduction of dairy products and an Asian or Mediterranean diet might not only prevent prostate cancer but also harbors additional beneficial effects on general health. This move from single compounds to more complex diets can be considered as a change of paradigm in prostate cancer prevention and could be the starting point of future epidemiological research. Disappointing findings with regards to nutritional cancer prevention contrast with a solid evidence concerning the efficacy of chemoprevention using 5a-reductase inhibitors: Long-term use of Finasteride and Dutasteride significantly reduces prostate cancer detection. Further candidate drugs are under investigation. However, translation of these findings into urological practice remains a matter of controversial discussion.
authors.affiliation: EuromedClinic, Fürth, Germany. bernd-sd@yahoo.de
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz-Dräger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lümmen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bismarck
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001835:Body Weight; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012643:Selenium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D014815:Vitamins; D012643:Selenium