title: A novel p21 attenuator which is structurally related to sorafenib.
abstract: p21 is a member of the cyclin kinase inhibitor family of proteins and plays pivotal roles in cellular proliferation as well as in the regulation of apoptosis, and thus has diverse functions in diseases as varied as cancer and atherosclerosis. In light of its pleiotropic effects and potential clinical relevance, new methods of attenuation of p21 protein levels by selective inhibitors are therefore powerful tools to probe malignant, infectious and other diseases. Here we introduce a novel p21 attenuator, UC2288, which possesses consistent and relatively selective activity for p21. UC2288 was synthesized based on the chemical model of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that also attenuates p21, but unlike sorafenib, UC2288 did not inhibit Raf kinases or alter p-ERK protein levels. UC2288 decreased p21 mRNA expression independently of p53, and attenuated p21 protein levels with minimal effect on p21 protein stability. In addition, UC2288 inhibits cell growth in the kidney cancer cell lines (GI50 = approximately 10 µM) as well as multiple other cancer cell lines. Thus, this novel p21 inhibitor will be indispensable for exploring the function of p21, and upon further study may be translatable to the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hiromi I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Wettersten
authors.forename: Sung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hee Hwang
authors.forename: Cuiwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Eunice Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Shiu
authors.forename: Aaron T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Wecksler
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hammock
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077157:Sorafenib; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048490:raf Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C582887:UC2288; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib; D048490:raf Kinases
keywords: apoptosis; p21; p21 inhibitor; proliferation; sorafenib