title: Enhancement of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a mucosal influenza subunit vaccine by the saponin adjuvant GPI-0100.
abstract: Identification of safe and effective adjuvants remains an urgent need for the development of inactivated influenza vaccines for mucosal administration. Here, we used a murine challenge model to evaluate the adjuvant activity of GPI-0100, a saponin-derived adjuvant, on influenza subunit vaccine administered via the intranasal or the intrapulmonary route. Balb/c mice were immunized with 1 µg A/PR/8 (H1N1) subunit antigen alone or in combination with varying doses of GPI-0100. The addition of GPI-0100 was required for induction of mucosal and systemic antibody responses to intranasally administered influenza vaccine and significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of vaccine administered via the intrapulmonary route. Remarkably, GPI-0100-adjuvanted influenza vaccine given at a low dose of 2×1 µg either in the nares or directly into the lungs provided complete protection against homologous influenza virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Harshad P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Vries-Idema
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilschut
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huckriede
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D012503:Saponins / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C484998:GPI0100; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D012503:Saponins; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit