title: Lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients: orchestrated by chronic prostatic inflammation and prostatic calculi?.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to examine the relationship between chronic prostatic inflammation and prostatic calculi, and clinical parameters of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was based on 225 patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for BPH. Chronic inflammation was graded as 0 (n = 44), I (n = 54), II (n = 88) or III (n = 39) according to severity. Prostatic calculi were classified into types A (n = 66), B (n = 44), M (n = 77) and N (n = 38). The relationship between inflammation and calculus type was analyzed, and clinical parameters of BPH were compared for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no correlation between severity of inflammation and calculus type. Prostatic volume increased with the severity of inflammation and showed significant differences between G2, G3 and G0. The International Prostate Symptom Score also increased with increasing inflammation. There was no significant difference between each clinical parameter according to calculus type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostatic calculi had no significant association with chronic inflammation and clinical parameters of BPH. Chronic inflammation was associated with the volume of the prostate and storage symptoms; thus, it is not only presumed to be related to the progression of BPH, but may also be one of the causes of lower urinary tract symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyu In
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jun Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Ki Ouk
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Su Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hyun Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002137:Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate / Q000379:methods*