title: Treponema denticola associates with increased levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in gingival crevicular fluid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to assess the association between the presence of site-specific subgingival micro-organisms and the levels of matrix metalloproteinases-8 and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-8 and MMP-9) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient group consisted of 56 subjects with periodontitis and the control group of 43 subjects without periodontitis. GCF samples from four test sites for each subject were collected. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. MMP-8 concentrations were analyzed by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay, and MMP-9 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Student's unpaired t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact P-value were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of T. denticola in the test sites was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. The presence of T. forsythia and T. denticola was associated with increased levels of MMP-8 in the test sites. Respectively, site-specific presence of T. denticola was associated with an increase in MMP-9 levels in three of the four test sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of subgingival micro-organisms in GCF, particularly T. denticola, appeared to induce a host response with an increased release of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in the test sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. Maha.Yakob@ki.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yakob
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Meurman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Söder
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: C488762:MMP8 protein, human; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: MMP-8; MMP-9; Treponema denticola; gingival crevicular fluid; matrix metalloproteinases; micro-organisms; periodontitis