title: Consideration of various bone quality evaluation methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone quality at the implant site has a significant effect on the success and prognosis of implants. The purpose of this article was to evaluate several methods used in evaluating bone quality and discuss the advantages and disadvantages.
  
  
  METHODS
  The search was made using PubMed database about quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and quantitative cone-beam computerized tomography (QCBCT), dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, the resistance force against the hands of the surgeon, assessment of the effect of the torque of the drill, the initial fixed value of the implant, and fractal analysis according to the Lekholm and Zarb, and Misch classifications as the standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method for measuring the resistance force and torque during implant placement and the method used to determine the implant's initial implant fixed value were easy and simple. QCBCT was reported to involve less radiation and to be more objective than QCT. DXA and fractal analysis have limits when used to classify bone quality as type II or type III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the methods used to evaluate bone quality in implants, a method using computed tomography, measured in Hounsfield units, was found to be the most predictive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-In
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Su-Gwan
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji-Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Mi-Ae
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000592:standards*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000592:standards*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D017709:Fractals; D006801:Humans; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards*; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants