title: Bacteriophage cocktail significantly reduces Escherichia coli O157: H7 contamination of lettuce and beef, but does not protect against recontamination.
abstract: Foods contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 cause more than 63,000 foodborne illnesses in the United States every year, resulting in a significant economic impact on medical costs and product liabilities. Efforts to reduce contamination with E. coli O157:H7 have largely focused on washing, application of various antibacterial chemicals, and gamma-irradiation, each of which has practical and environmental drawbacks. A relatively recent, environmentally-friendly approach proposed for eliminating or significantly reducing E. coli O157:H7 contamination of foods is the use of lytic bacteriophages as biocontrol agents. We found that EcoShield™, a commercially available preparation composed of three lytic bacteriophages specific for E. coli O157:H7, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of the bacterium in experimentally contaminated beef by ≥ 94% and in lettuce by 87% after a five minute contact time. The reduced levels of bacteria were maintained for at least one week at refrigerated temperatures. However, the one-time application of EcoShield™ did not protect the foods from recontamination with E. coli O157:H7. Our results demonstrate that EcoShield™ is effective in significantly reducing contamination of beef and lettuce with E. coli O157:H7, but does not protect against potential later contamination due to, for example, unsanitary handling of the foods post processing.
authors.affiliation: Intralytix, Inc.; Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Chandi D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abuladze
authors.forename: Manrong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Joelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woolston
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magnone
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senecal
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kropinski
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sulakvelidze