title: Comparison of aerobic conjunctival bacterial flora in pregnant, reproductive-aged and postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of hormonal status on aerobic conjunctival flora in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-eight women [reproductive-aged (n=55), pregnant (n=51), and postmenopausal (n=52)] who admitted to outpatient clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Denizli State Hospital were enrolled. Age, body-mass index (BMI), obstetric history, cigarette smoking, drug usage, presence of systemic disease, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded for each patient. The samples were taken from the lower fornix with two culture swabs and directly incubated in culture containing 5% sheep blood, eosin-methylene blue and chocolate agar. The other swab specimen was Gram stained. All growths and microscopic results were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the predominant organism isolated in the conjunctival samples in both three groups. The aerobic microorganism growth rate for all isolated aerobic organisms revealed no significant change in the three groups (P >0.05). The conjunctival culture positivity rates were similar in the three groups (49% in reproductive-aged, 57% in pregnant and 58% in postmenopausal women) (P >0.05). Age, IOP, BMI, gravidity, parity, cigarette smoking, drug usage, and presence of systemic diseases did not have an effect on culture positivity in three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study showed that conjunctival aerobic flora and bacterial colonization did not differ between reproductive-aged, pregnant and postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balikoglu-Yilmaz
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sevket
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: Aysun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uysal
keywords: aerobic conjunctival flora; coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; menopause; pregnancy; reproductive-aged