title: Effectiveness of mechanical brushing with different denture cleansing agents in reducing in vitro Candida albicans biofilm viability.
abstract: The adhesion of Candida albicans to surfaces is the prerequisite for occurrence of denture stomatitis, a common disease diagnosed among denture wearers. A routine of denture cleansing is essential to prevent biofilm formation and the onset of this infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of combining brushing and cleansing agents in killing C. albicans biofilm. Disks of acrylic resin were made, sterilized, and inoculated with C. albicans (10(7) cfu/mL). After incubation (37°C/48 h), specimens were randomly assigned to 10 experimental groups (n=9): 5 subjected to brushing with distilled water or cleansing agents - dentifrice slurry, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and Polident fresh cleanse(®) (combined method) - and 4 exposed to the cleansing agents without brushing (immersion). Non-cleansed specimens were used as positive controls. The viability of cells was evaluated by XTT reduction method. Results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). The combined method was significantly more effective (p<0.0001) in reducing biofilm viability than the immersion. Brushing with CHX and NaOCl resulted in 100% removal of the biofilm. Immersion in the agents reduced significantly (p<0.0001) the biofilm viability, with CHX being the most effective (p<0.0001). The use of the combined method of brushing with cleansing agents is an effective method to reduce C. albicans biofilm, being CHX and NaOCl the most effective solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Delise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pellizzaro
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Polyzois
authors.forename: Ana Lucia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Eunice Teresinha
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Giampaolo
authors.forename: Paula Volpato
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Sanitá
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Vergani
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003778:Dentures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013282:Stomatitis, Denture / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D014099:Toothbrushing
chemical_list: D003802:Dentifrices; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002710:Chlorhexidine