title: A metabonomic approach to a unique detoxification effect of co-use of Euphorbia kansui and Zizyphus jujuba.
abstract: Euphorbia kansui (EK) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); however, it possesses toxic effects. The fruits of Zizyphus jujuba (ZJ) are frequently co-used with EK to reduce EK's toxicity. The present study is to clarify the toxicity of water extract of EK and explore the detox effect of ZJ using (1) H NMR-based metabonomic approach. The water extracts of ZJ, EK and the co-use of EK and ZJ (CEZ) were orally administered to SD rats at designed doses for 1 week, respectively, and one more week observation was further conducted. Histopathological studies of liver samples from all groups showed no negative impacts. In metabonomic analyses of urines, ZJ showed no toxicity, while significant changes of metabolites indicating liver damages, kidney lesions and imbalance of gut microbes were clearly observed during the second week in EK-treated rats. Very meaningfully, CEZ clearly indicated that the toxicities appeared at the first week and became weaker, and furthermore, was recovered during the second week. These results clearly demonstrated the rationality of traditional co-use of EK together with ZJ, and the metabonomic approach should be a promising tool to research the toxicity of TCM.
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, Guizhou, 554300, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yu-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rong-Rong
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Cui-Cui
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jin-Ao
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jian-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D028481:Euphorbia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D031957:Ziziphus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: 1H NMR; Euphorbia kansui; Zizyphus jujuba; co-use; metabonomic; toxicity