title: Doxorubicin loaded superparamagnetic PLGA-iron oxide multifunctional microbubbles for dual-mode US/MR imaging and therapy of metastasis in lymph nodes.
abstract: Current strategies for tumor-induced sentinel lymph node detection and metastasis therapy have limitations. In this work, we co-encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles and chemotherapeutic drug into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microbubbles to form multifunctional polymer microbubbles (MPMBs) for both tumor lymph node imaging and therapy. Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles and doxorubicin (DOX) co-encapsulated PLGA microbubbles were prepared and filled with perfluorocarbon gas. Enhancement of ultrasound (US)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and US triggered drug delivery were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The MPMBs exhibited characters like narrow size distribution and smooth surface with a mean diameter of 868.0 ± 68.73 nm. In addition, varying the concentration of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles in the bubbles did not significantly influence the DOX encapsulation efficiency or drug loading efficiency. Our in vitro results demonstrated that these MPMBs could enhance both US and MR imaging which was further validated in vivo showing that these MPMBs enhanced tumor lymph nodes signals. The anti-tumor effect of MPMBs mediated chemotherapy was assessed in vivo using end markers like tumor proliferation index, micro blood vessel density and micro lymphatic vessel density, which were shown consistently the lowest after the MPMBs plus sonication treatment compared to controls. In line with these findings, the tumor cell apoptotic index was found the largest after the MPMBs plus sonication treatment. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a doxorubicin loaded superparamagnetic PLGA-Iron Oxide multifunctional theranostic agent for dual-mode US/MR Imaging of lymph node, and for low frequency US triggered therapy of metastasis in lymph nodes, which might provide a strategy for the imaging and chemotherapy of primary tumor and their metastases.
authors.affiliation: Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
authors.forename: Chengcheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Tianyi M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Krupka
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yufang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Weixiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuanyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D045423:Microbubbles; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011817:Rabbits; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D004317:Doxorubicin