title: [Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis pneumonia in pediatric and adult patients undergoing solid organ or hematopoietic stem cells transplantation].
abstract: Pneumocystis jiroveci is an important pathogen in patients undergoing SOT and HSCT. Universal prophylaxis is recommended for all adults and children with SOT and HSCT, considering that its use significantly reduces the occurrence and mortality associated with pneumonia by this agent. The drug of choice is cotrimoxazole (A1) three times a week, low-dose scheme, that has proved equally effective and better tolerated than the daily regimen and/or at high doses. Prophylaxis starts 7 to 14 days post transplant in SOT recipients and post-implant in HSCT, with an average duration of 6 months except in liver and lung transplant as in HSCT with significant degree of immunosuppression, that lasts for 1 year. Alternatives for prophylaxis are dapsone (B2), aerosolized pentamidine (B2) and atovaquone (C2).
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Infectología, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. pilargambra@yahoo.es
authors.forename: M Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gambra
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bidart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003622:Dapsone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D010419:Pentamidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010419:Pentamidine; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D003622:Dapsone