title: A new three-dimensional analysis of asymmetry for patients with craniofacial syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) analyses represents a substantial improvement in planning treatment. The aim of this study is to introduce a new three-dimensional (3D) analysis of clinical value for evaluating asymmetry in cases of craniofacial syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Virtual 3D models were reconstructed from CT images of 62 normal subjects (35 males and 27 females), more than 18 years old. Measurements of asymmetrical skeletal and dentoalveolar relationships were evaluated and standardized data obtained. The feasibility of the new 3D craniofacial analysis was then evaluated on one patient with severe maxillomandibular asymmetry in the form of hemifacial microsomia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Standardized 3D data from the analysis were obtained and classified into 6 maxillary measurements, eight mandibular measurements and seven dentoalveolar process measurements. No significant differences were found between males and females (U-Mann-Whitney test, P > 0.05). Useful data of clinical value was provided for planning orthodontic and surgical treatment of asymmetries, as well as a diagnostic chart.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method is useful for the clinical evaluation of asymmetry in craniofacial syndromes. The use of 3D analysis facilitates surgical and orthodontic treatment planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Yáñez-Vico
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iglesias-Linares
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Torres-Lagares
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Pérez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solano-Reina
mesh_terms: D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: 3D-computed tomography; craniofacial asymmetry; craniofacial syndromes; maxillofacial surgery; orthodontics