title: Age effects on controlling tools with sensorimotor transformations.
abstract: Controlling tools in technical environments bears a lot of challenges for the human information processing system, as locations of tool manipulation and effect appearance are spatially separated, and distal action effects are often not generated in a 1:1 manner. In this study we investigated the susceptibility of older adults to distal action effects. Younger and older participants performed a Fitts' task on a digitizer tablet without seeing their hand and the tablet directly. Visual feedback was presented on a display in that way, that cursor amplitude and visual target size varied while the pre-determined hand amplitude remained constant. In accordance with distal action effects being predominant in controlling tool actions we found an increase in hand movement times and perceptual errors as a function of visual task characteristics. Middle-aged adults more intensely relied on visual feedback than younger adults. Age-related differences in speed-accuracy trade-off are not likely to account for this finding. However, it is well known that proprioceptive acuity declines with age. This might be one reason for middle-aged adults to stronger rely on the visual information instead of the proprioceptive information. Consequently, design and application of tools for elderly should account for this.
authors.affiliation: Work and Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ladwig
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oehl
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müsseler
keywords: distal action effect; ideomotor principle; perception; proprioception; proximal action effect; sensory integration; tool use; vision