title: Obesity and its relation to chronic kidney disease: a population-based, cross-sectional study of a Thai army population and relatives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity represents a significant problem in patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and CKD in Thai individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants underwent general health screening. Overweight, weight at risk, obese I and obese II were defined as having a BMI ≥23 kg/m(2), 23-24.9 kg/m(2) , 25-29.9 kg/m(2) and ≥30 kg/m(2), respectively. Waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and > 80 cm for women were represented by abdominal obesity. CKD was defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). An estimate of the GFR was obtained by the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population had 12 348 males and 3009 females. The survey population had a 7.5% prevalence of CKD. There was also a significant graded relationship between the degrees of overweight with the prevalence of CKD. Mean BMI were 25.36 ± 3.29 kg/m(2) for CKD subjects and 24.04 ± 3.13 kg/m(2) for non-CKD subjects (P < 0.001). Prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity in the participants with CKD were found to be higher than in those without CKD (overweight, 77.6% vs. 61.6%, P < 0.001; abdominal obesity, 35.7% vs. 25.3%, P < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, weight at risk (adjusted odds ratio 1.29; 95% CI 1.07-1.54), obese I (adjusted odds ratio 1.58; 95% CI 1.33-1.87) and obese II (adjusted odds ratio 1.65; 95% CI 1.24-2.19) were associated with CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed that overweight and obesity were associated with CKD in Thai members of the army population and their relatives undergoing a general health screening, independently of age, gender, blood pressure, serum lipid, uric acid and glucose levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand. satirapoj@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Bancha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Satirapoj
authors.forename: Ouppatham
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Supasyndh
authors.forename: Natee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mayteedol
authors.forename: Dollapas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Punpanich
authors.forename: Amnart
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaiprasert
authors.forename: Naowanit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nata
authors.forename: Prajej
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruangkanchanasetr
authors.forename: Inseey
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kanjanakul
authors.forename: Panbubpa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Choovichian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008954:Models, Biological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference