title: Specific surface area of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles influences cyto- and photo-toxicity.
abstract: The aim of this study is to examine how different specific surface areas of similar-sized titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles could influence both cytotoxicity and phototoxicity. TiO(2) particles of different specific surface areas were compared for their toxic effects on RAW264.7 cells in the absence and presence of UV light. From the results, TiO(2) particles with larger specific surface area were found to induce higher cyto- (UV absent) and photo-toxicity (UV activated) to cells after 24h incubation. The observed cytotoxicity from TiO(2) particles with larger surface area could be explained from their interactions with biomolecules. Upon photoactivation, a larger number of hydroxyl radicals were detected from TiO(2) particles with larger surface area, again suggesting a surface area dependent phototoxic effect. On the other hand, pre-adsorbing TiO(2) particles with extracellular proteins were found to decrease toxicity effects.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Sijing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Huiyun Sheena
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Xinxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhelong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kee Woei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Say Chye Joachim
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Loo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D010316:Particle Size; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D014025:Titanium