title: Preliminary study of Porcine circovirus type 2 and Torque teno sus virus coinfection frequencies in Brazilian pig herds.
abstract: Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) is emergent in swine herds. Recent studies have shown an increased frequency of TTSuV2 in Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-associated diseases (PCVAD), which are endemic in many swine-producing countries, including Brazil. Coinfection with several other viral and bacterial agents results in an increased incidence of more severe PCVAD. Given the limited information on TTSuV and PCV2 coinfection, especially in Brazilian swine herds, this study made a preliminary estimation of the occurrence of coinfection in swine herds by testing samples from different categories. Between 2008 and 2009, 111 samples of feces and 23 serum samples from 5 swine herds were tested for PCV2 and TTSuVs and the results analyzed for associations between these agents. No significant differences in coinfection frequency were observed for PCV2 + TTSuV1 or for PCV2 + TTSuV2 between nursery piglets (P = 0.730), growing pigs (P = 0.331), or sows (P = 0.472). However, a significant difference was observed for PCV2 + TTSuV1 + TTSuV2 between nursery piglets and growing pigs (P = 0.004; Fisher's exact test). Phylogenetic studies agreed with the grouping of TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 into 2 different clades, with no distinct pattern of clustering of these isolates with the animal categories.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 CEP 05508 270, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra Marnie Martins Gomes
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: Cintia Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Favero
authors.forename: Cintia Manzatto
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Baldin
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borba
authors.forename: Fernando Gomes
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyashiro
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.forename: Ricardo Augusto
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Ricardo Arruda
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Paulo Eduardo
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: Leonardo José
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Richtzenhain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017925:Circovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060085:Coinfection / Q000662:veterinary*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000662:veterinary; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*