title: Analysis of submicron-sized niflumic acid crystals prepared by electrospray crystallization.
abstract: Interest in submicron-sized drug particles has emerged from both laboratory and industrial perspectives in the last decade. Production of crystals in the nano size scale offers a novel way to particles for drug formulation solving formulation problems of drugs with low solubility in class II of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. In this work niflumic acid nanoparticles with a size range of 200-800nm were produced by the novel crystallization method, electrospray crystallization. Their properties were compared to those from evaporative and anti-solvent crystallizations, using the same organic solvent, acetone. There is a remarkable difference in the product crystal size depending on the applied methods. The size and morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction. The structure of the samples was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The particles produced using electrospray crystallization process were probably changing from amorphous to crystalline state after the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Eötvös 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ambrus
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Radacsi
authors.forename: Tímea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szunyogh
authors.forename: Antoine E D M
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
authors.forename: Joop H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ter Horst
authors.forename: Piroska
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szabó-Révész
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003460:Crystallization; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009544:Niflumic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D012997:Solvents; D000096:Acetone; D009544:Niflumic Acid