title: Class II treatment by extraction of maxillary first molars or Herbst appliance: dentoskeletal and soft tissue effects in comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare dentoskeletal and soft tissue treatment effects of two alternative Class II division 1 treatment modalities (maxillary first permanent molar extraction versus Herbst appliance).
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred-fifty-four Class II division 1 patients that had either been treated with extractions of the upper first molars and a lightwire multibracket (MB) appliance (n = 79; 38 girls, 41 boys) or non-extraction by means of a Herbst-MB appliance (n = 75; 35 girls, 40 boys). The groups were matched on age and sex. The average age at the start of treatment was 12.7 years for the extraction and for 13.0 years for the Herbst group. Pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) lateral cephalograms were retrospectively analyzed using a standard cephalometric analysis and the sagittal occlusal analysis according to Pancherz.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SNA decrease was 1.10° (p = 0.001) more pronounced in the extraction group, the SNB angle increased 1.49° more in the Herbst group (p = 0.000). In the extraction group, a decrease in SNB angle (0.49°) was observed. The soft tissue profile convexity (N-Sn-Pog) decreased in both groups, which was 0.78° more (n. s.) pronounced in the Herbst group. The nasolabial angle increased significantly more (+ 2.33°, p = 0.025) in the extraction group. The mechanism of overjet correction in the extraction group was predominantly dental (65% dental and 35% skeletal changes), while in the Herbst group it was predominantly skeletal (58% skeletal and 42% dental changes) in origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both treatment methods were successful and led to a correction of the Class II division 1 malocclusion. Whereas for upper first molar extraction treatment more dental and maxillary effects can be expected, in case of Herbst treatment skeletal and mandibular effects prevail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. mrbooij@planet.nl
authors.forename: Johan Willem
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Booij
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goeke
authors.forename: Ewald Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bronkhorst
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katsaros
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008963:Molar / Q000601:surgery*; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome