title: Metabolic syndrome and chronic simvastatin therapy enhanced human cardiomyocyte stress before and after ischemia-reperfusion in cardio-pulmonary bypass patients.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of metabolic alterations including high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which increase the risk of cardiomyopathy often leading to surgery. Despite inducing myopathy, statins are widely used to lower LDL. Cardiopulmonary bypass (Cpb) causes oxidative stress and metabolic injury, altering mitochondrial expression (Grp75) and endoplasmic reticulum (Grp78) chaperones, apoptotic enzymes (Bcl2 family) and increasing cardiomyocyte lipid/lipofuscin storage. We believe that cardiomyocytes from patients with MetS may be more sensitive to surgical stress, in particular after simvastatin therapy (MetS+Stat). The study group included ten patients with MetS, ten patients with Mets+Stat and ten healthy subjects. Myocardial biopsies were obtained both before and after-Cpb. Grp75, Grp78, Bax, Bcl2, lipids, lipofuscin and fibrosis were evaluated by immuno/histochemistry. MetS cardiomyocytes had higher Grp75, Bax, fibrosis and lipofuscin. MetS+Stat had lower Grp75 and higher Grp78 expressions, high Bax, fewer fibrosis and higher lipofuscin content. Cpb did not vary the fibrosis and lipids/lipofuscin content, although it influenced the chaperones and Bax expression in all groups. These changes were more profound in patients with MetS and even more so in patients with MetS+Stat. The results suggest that MetS and MetS+Stat cardiomyocytes were more highly stressed after-Cpb. Interestingly, simvastatin caused high stress even before-Cpb.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. corsetti@med.unibs.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corsetti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pasini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari-Vivaldi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonomini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tasca
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Dioguardi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rezzani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Assanelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C018551:glucose-regulated proteins; D019821:Simvastatin