title: Hexanoic acid is a resistance inducer that protects tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae by priming the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways.
abstract: Hexanoic acid-induced resistance (Hx-IR) is effective against several pathogens in tomato plants. Our study of the mechanisms implicated in Hx-IR against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 suggests that hexanoic acid (Hx) treatment counteracts the negative effect of coronatine (COR) and jasmonyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) on the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. In Hx-treated plants, an increase in the expression of jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT) and the SA marker genes PR1 and PR5 indicates a boost in this signalling pathway at the expense of a decrease in JA-Ile. Moreover, Hx treatment potentiates 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid accumulation, which suggests that this molecule might play a role per se in Hx-IR. These results support a positive relationship between the SA and JA pathways in Hx-primed plants. Furthermore, one of the mechanisms of virulence mediated by COR is stomatal re-opening on infection with P. syringae. In this work, we observed that Hx seems to inhibit stomatal opening in planta in the presence of COR, which suggests that, on infection in tomato, this treatment suppresses effector action to prevent bacterial entry into the mesophyll.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain.
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scalschi
authors.forename: Begonya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vicedo
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camañes
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Crespo
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lapeña
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González-Bosch
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García-Agustín
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002208:Caproates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism*; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism; D007192:Indenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002208:Caproates; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005936:Glucans; D007192:Indenes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014867:Water; C037652:hexanoic acid; C058487:coronatine; C011006:jasmonic acid; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C048306:callose; D020156:Salicylic Acid