title: Is urinary 1-hydroxypyrene a valid biomarker for exposure to air pollution in outdoor workers? A meta-analysis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and specificity of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPu) as a biomarker of the exposure from urban pollution to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among outdoor workers in a meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis was performed according to standard methods, and the results show that the concentrations of 1-OHPu tend to be higher in exposed workers than in unexposed workers (if we exclude two highly heterogeneous articles), in exposed non-smokers than in unexposed non-smokers and in exposed than in unexposed workers who were carriers of the CYP1A1 genotype and in those with the glutathione-S-transferase M1 (-)genotype. These genotypes enhance the effect of exposure, particularly in non-smokers. Smoking reduces the differences between exposed and unexposed subjects. In conclusion, our results suggest that the use of the 1-OHPu biomarker appears to be reliable for studying occupational exposure to PAHs from urban pollution, as long as environmental and behavioural factors are considered.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciarrocca
authors.affiliation: Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Valeria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rosati
authors.affiliation: Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomei
authors.affiliation: Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Assuntina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capozzella
authors.affiliation: Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andreozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric and Psychological Science, University of Rome "Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomei
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bacaloni
authors.affiliation: Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Teodorico
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Casale
authors.affiliation: Scientific Medical Department, Stallergenes SA, Antony, France.
authors.forename: Jean Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Andrè
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric and Psychological Science, University of Rome "Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fioravanti
authors.affiliation: Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cuartas
authors.affiliation: Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caciari
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000652:urine*; D012907:Smoking; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene