title: Abnormal electrocardiographic findings in athletes: recognising changes suggestive of cardiomyopathy.
abstract: Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of heart muscle diseases and collectively are the leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletes. The 12-lead ECG is utilised as both a screening and diagnostic tool for detecting conditions associated with SCD. Fundamental to the appropriate evaluation of athletes undergoing ECG is an understanding of the ECG findings that may indicate the presence of an underlying pathological cardiac disorder. This article describes ECG findings present in cardiomyopathies afflicting young athletes and outlines appropriate steps for further evaluation of these ECG abnormalities. The ECG findings defined as abnormal in athletes were established by an international consensus panel of experts in sports cardiology and sports medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. jdrezner@uw.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Drezner
authors.forename: Euan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: Aaron L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Baggish
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Börjesson
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Akash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelliccia
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Vetter
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Asplund
authors.forename: Bryan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DiFiori
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fischbach
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Froelicher
authors.forename: Kimberly G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: Hein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heidbuchel
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Jordan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Prutkin
authors.forename: Jack C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: Christian M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schmied
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D044383:Black People; D059267:Cardiomegaly, Exercise-Induced / Q000502:physiology; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*