title: Mid-infrared fiber-coupled photoacoustic sensor for biomedical applications.
abstract: Biomedical devices employed in therapy, diagnostics and for self-monitoring often require a high degree of flexibility and compactness. Many near infrared (NIR) optical fiber-coupled systems meet these requirements and are employed on a daily basis. However, mid-infrared (MIR) fibers-based systems have not yet found their way to routine application in medicine. In this work we present the implementation of the first MIR fiber-coupled photoacoustic sensor for the investigation of condensed samples in the MIR fingerprint region. The light of an external-cavity quantum-cascade laser (1010-1095 cm(-1)) is delivered by a silver halide fiber, which is attached to the PA cell. The PA chamber is conically shaped to perfectly match the beam escaping the fiber and to minimize the cell volume. This results in a compact and handy sensor for investigations of biological samples and the monitoring of constituents both in vitro and in vivo. The performance of the fiber-coupled PA sensor is demonstrated by sensing glucose in aqueous solutions. These measurements yield a detection limit of 57 mg/dL (SNR = 1). Furthermore, the fiber-coupled sensor has been applied to record human skin spectra at different body sites to illustrate its flexibility.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. kjonas@phys.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kottmann
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grob
authors.forename: Julien M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: Markus W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Sigrist
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D020811:Biomedical Technology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D055100:Optical Fibers; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012867:Skin; D012996:Solutions; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D005947:Glucose