title: Isolation and characterization of lignin-degrading bacteria from rainforest soils.
abstract: The deconstruction of lignin to enhance the release of fermentable sugars from plant cell walls presents a challenge for biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass. The discovery of novel lignin-degrading enzymes from bacteria could provide advantages over fungal enzymes in terms of their production and relative ease of protein engineering. In this study, 140 bacterial strains isolated from soils of a biodiversity-rich rainforest in Peru were screened based on their oxidative activity on ABTS, a laccase substrate. Strain C6 (Bacillus pumilus) and strain B7 (Bacillus atrophaeus) were selected for their high laccase activity and identified by 16S rDNA analysis. Strains B7 and C6 degraded fragments of Kraft lignin and the lignin model dimer guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether, the most abundant linkage in lignin. Finally, LC-MS analysis of incubations of strains B7 and C6 with poplar biomass in rich and minimal media revealed that a higher number of compounds were released in the minimal medium than in the rich one. These findings provide important evidence that bacterial enzymes can degrade and/or modify lignin and contribute to the release of fermentable sugars from lignocellulose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1370, USA.
authors.forename: Xing-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Navaneetha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santhanam
authors.forename: Dayakar V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Badri
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Manter
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.forename: Jorge M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vivanco
authors.forename: Kenneth F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Reardon
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D042845:Laccase / Q000235:genetics; D008031:Lignin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010568:Peru; D032107:Populus; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014197:Trees
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D056804:Biofuels; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D008031:Lignin; D042845:Laccase