title: A cohort study of the risk of seizures in a pediatric population treated with atomoxetine or stimulant medications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stimulant medications used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be associated with an increased risk of seizures. Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant medication approved for treating ADHD. This retrospective cohort analysis evaluated risk of seizures among pediatric patients naïve to ADHD medication therapy, with exposure to atomoxetine relative to stimulant medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among members of a large US health plan from 1/1/2003 to 12/31/2006, aged 6-17 years, we identified initiators of atomoxetine or stimulants with no evidence of prior study drug use. We created study cohorts using propensity score matching within 6-month calendar blocks. The outcome was a seizure event in the 6-month follow-up period verified through medical record review. Relative risks (RR) based on current use of each study drug adjusted for baseline covariates were calculated using Poisson regression. We estimated hazard ratios from Cox proportional hazards models for the comparison of atomoxetine to stimulants based on initial cohort assignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We matched 13,398 initiators of atomoxetine to 13,322 initiators of stimulants. We identified 97 seizure events. After adjustment, current atomoxetine therapy was associated with a non-statistically significant 28% lower risk of seizure compared to current stimulant therapy (RR 0.72; 95%CI 0.37, 1.38). The adjusted RR of seizure with atomoxetine compared to stimulants based on initial cohort assignment was 0.90 (95%CI 0.54, 1.49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results do not support an increase in the risk of seizure with atomoxetine therapy. The risk of seizure was not significantly different between pediatric patients taking atomoxetine compared with those taking stimulants.
authors.affiliation: i3 Drug Safety, Waltham, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: McAfee
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Landon
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bangs
authors.forename: Nayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hornbuckle
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011437:Propylamines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D011437:Propylamines; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride