title: Prognostic role of clusterin in resected adenocarcinomas of the lung.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clusterin expression may change in various human malignancies, including lung cancer. Patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including adenocarcinoma, have a poor prognosis, with a relapse rate of 30-50% within 5 years. Nuclear factor kB (Nf-kB) is an intracellular protein involved in the initiation and progression of several human cancers, including the lung.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigate the role of clusterin and Nf-kB expression in predicting the prognosis of patients with early-stage surgically resected adenocarcinoma of the lung.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of clusterin gradually decreased from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Clusterin expression was significantly higher in patients with low-grade adenocarcinoma, in early-stage disease and in women. Clusterin expression was inversely related to relapse and survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Finally, we observed an inverse correlation between Nf-kB and clusterin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clusterin expression represents an independent prognostic factor in surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma and was proven to be a useful biomarker for fewer relapses and longer survival in patients in the early stage of disease. The inverse correlation between Nf-kB and clusterin expression confirm the previously reported role of clusterin as potent down regulator of Nf-kB.
authors.affiliation: Section of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Oncology, Haematology & Pulmonology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casali
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.forename: Uliano
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Morandi
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bettuzzi
authors.forename: Pierpaola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davalli
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corbetta
authors.forename: Erica Susanna
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Storelli
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corti
authors.forename: Leonardo M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: Serenella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Astancolle
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luppi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D051152:Clusterin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051152:Clusterin; D016328:NF-kappa B