title: The effects of spirituality and religion on outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic progressive disease with marked morbidity and mortality. Patients enduring this condition suffer from fluctuations in symptom burden such as fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, sexual dysfunction, dramatic changes in body image and depression. As physicians, we often ask patients to trust in our ability to ameliorate their symptoms, but oftentimes we do not hold all of the answers, and our best efforts are only modestly effective. The suffering endured by these individuals and their families may even call into question one's faith in a higher power and portends to significant spiritual struggle. In the face of incurable and chronic physical conditions, it seems logical that patients would seek alternative or ancillary methods, notably spiritual ones, to improve their ability to deal with their condition. Although difficult to study, spirituality has been evaluated and deemed to have a beneficial effect on multiple measures including global quality of life, depression and medical compliance in the treatment of patients with HF. The model of HF treatment incorporates a multidisciplinary approach. This should involve coordination between primary care, cardiology, palliative care, nursing, patients and, importantly, individuals providing psychosocial as well as spiritual support. This review intends to outline the current understanding and necessity of spirituality's influence on those suffering from HF.
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
authors.forename: Jesse J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Naghi
authors.forename: Kiran J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cleenewerck
authors.forename: Ernst R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011788:Quality of Life; D012067:Religion; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D012648:Self Care; D029181:Spirituality