title: Spray-dried plasma and fresh frozen plasma modulate permeability and inflammation in vitro in vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After major traumatic injury, patients often require multiple transfusions of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to correct coagulopathy and to reduce bleeding. A spray-dried plasma (SDP) product has several logistical benefits over FFP use in trauma patients with coagulopathy. These benefits include ease of transport, stability at room temperature, and rapid reconstitution for infusion. Our past work suggests that FFP promotes endothelial stability by inhibiting endothelial permeability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main goal of this project is to determine if solvent-detergent-treated SDP is equivalent to FFP in inhibiting vascular endothelial cell (EC) permeability and inflammation in vitro. Furthermore, this study aimed to determine if solvent-detergent treatment and spray drying of plasma alters the protective effects of FFP on EC function. The five groups tested in our studies are the following: 1) fresh frozen-thawed plasma (FFP); 2) solvent-detergent-treated FFP; 3) solvent-detergent-treated SDP; 4) lactated Ringer's solution; and 5) Hextend.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study demonstrates that in vitro SDP and FFP equivalently inhibit vascular EC permeability, EC adherens junction breakdown, and endothelial white blood cell binding, an effect that is independent of changes in Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1, Intracellular Adhesion Molecule 1, or E-selectin expression on ECs. Solvent-detergent treatment of FFP does not alter the protective effects of FFP on endothelial cell function in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest the equivalence of FFP and SDP on modulation of endothelial function and inflammation in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94118, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wataha
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Menge
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Holcomb
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kozar
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Spinella
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pati
mesh_terms: D022005:Adherens Junctions / Q000276:immunology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000276:immunology; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D010949:Plasma; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1