title: Development of chlorine dioxide releasing film and its application in decontaminating fresh produce.
abstract: A feasibility study was conducted to develop chlorine dioxide (ClO(2) )-releasing packaging films for decontaminating fresh produce. Sodium chlorite and citric acid powder were incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) polymer. Films made with different amounts of PLA (100 and 300 mg), percentages of reactant (5% to 60%), and ratios of sodium chlorite to citric acid (1:2 or 2:1) were prepared using a solvent casting method. The release of ClO(2)  from the resultant films was activated by moisture. Increase of reactants in the films produced more ClO(2)  while higher PLA content in the films resulted in less release of ClO(2) . The ratio of sodium chlorite to citric acid and activation temperature (22 °C compared with 10 °C) did not affect the ClO(2)  release from the films. Antimicrobial efficacy of ClO(2)  released from the films was evaluated using grape tomato as a model food. The results indicate that the films were activated by moisture from tomatoes in the package and the released ClO(2)  reduced Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated on the tomatoes to undetectable levels (<5 colony forming units (CFU)/tomato), achieving more than 3 log reduction. The film-treated tomatoes did not show significant changes in color and texture as compared to controls during storage at 10 °C for 21 d. This study demonstrated the technical feasibility for development of gaseous ClO(2) -releasing packaging system to enhance microbial safety and extend shelf life of fresh produce.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science, Rutgers, The State Univ. of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
authors.forename: Soumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xuetong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Linshu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kit L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Yam
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003666:Decontamination; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D063427:Food Quality; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019343:Citric Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C033616:poly(lactide); C025109:chlorine dioxide