title: Upper face rejuvenation.
abstract: The area of the upper face occupies about one third of the surface area of the whole face. The anatomical landmarks involve the forehead, brow, glabella and the upper lids. Gravitational and intrinsic changes, as well as familial problems affect the aesthetics of the upper face. The author describes the anatomy and pathophysiology of ageing and the importance of making a correct diagnosis. Surgical and non surgical solutions are discussed. The concept of the beneficial effect of antioxidants such as curcumin is introduced. The efficacy of non ablation laser in dermal rejuvenation is explained. The author aims to impart a thorough understanding of the different surgical and non-surgical options for rejuventating the upper face to achieve an unoperated outcome with a healthy looking forehead.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Dorset, UK. velupillai.Ilankovan@poole.nhs.uk
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ilankovan
mesh_terms: D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D004954:Esthetics; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012060:Rejuvenation / Q000502:physiology*