title: Prevention of transmission of Ehrlichia canis by Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks to dogs treated with a combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene (CERTIFECT®).
abstract: The ability of CERTIFECT(®) (a combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene) to prevent transmission of Ehrlichia canis was studied in two groups of eight dogs. One group was treated with CERTIFECT while the other group remained untreated. All dogs were exposed to E. canis-infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks on Days 7, 14, 21 and again on day 28 post-treatment by releasing ticks into the kennels of the dogs to simulate the natural way of infestation. Animals were examined in situ for ticks on Days 9, 16 and 23 and any ticks present were counted and removed on Day 30. The efficacy of CERTIFECT against R. sanguineus was 100%, since no ticks were found on the treated dogs at any time. Clinical examinations (including monitoring body temperature and blood collections for PCR analysis and serology) were performed at intervals throughout the study until Day 56. Five out of 8 untreated control dogs (62.5%) became infected with E. canis, as demonstrated by detection of specific E. canis antibodies and the presence of E. canis DNA in blood samples by PCR. These dogs displayed fever and thrombocytopenia and were rescue-treated with doxycline. None of the 8 dogs treated with CERTIFECT became infected with E. canis, in comparison to the 5/8 control dogs, as confirmed by the lack of specific antibodies and absence of any ehrlichial DNA in blood samples by PCR. CERTIFECT prevented transmission of E. canis and effectively provided protection against monocytic ehrlichiose for at least 4 weeks post treatment.
authors.affiliation: ClinVet International (Pty) Ltd., P.O. Box 11186, Universitas, Bloemfontein 9321, South Africa.
authors.forename: Josephus J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ollagnier
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beugnet
authors.forename: Herman G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Luus
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jongejan
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D041061:Ehrlichia canis; D016873:Ehrlichiosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008726:Methoprene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048508:Rhipicephalus sanguineus / Q000382:microbiology*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D014052:Toluidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D014052:Toluidines; C014983:amitraz; D008726:Methoprene; C082360:fipronil