title: Maximizing power to track Alzheimer's disease and MCI progression by LDA-based weighting of longitudinal ventricular surface features.
abstract: We propose a new method to maximize biomarker efficiency for detecting anatomical change over time in serial MRI. Drug trials using neuroimaging become prohibitively costly if vast numbers of subjects must be assessed, so it is vital to develop efficient measures of brain change. A popular measure of efficiency is the minimal sample size (n80) needed to detect 25% change in a biomarker, with 95% confidence and 80% power. For multivariate measures of brain change, we can directly optimize n80 based on a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Here we use a supervised learning framework to optimize n80, offering two alternative solutions. With a new medial surface modeling method, we track 3D dynamic changes in the lateral ventricles in 2065 ADNI scans. We apply our LDA-based weighting to the results. Our best average n80-in two-fold nested cross-validation-is 104 MCI subjects (95% CI: [94,139]) for a 1-year drug trial, and 75AD subjects [64,102]. This compares favorably with other MRI analysis methods. The standard "statistical ROI" approach applied to the same ventricular surfaces requires 165 MCI or 94AD subjects. At 2 years, the best LDA measure needs only 67 MCI and 52AD subjects, versus 119 MCI and 80AD subjects for the stat-ROI method. Our surface-based measures are unbiased: they give no artifactual additive atrophy over three time points. Our results suggest that statistical weighting may boost efficiency of drug trials that use brain maps.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Dept. of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA.
authors.forename: Boris A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Gutman
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.forename: Yi-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Yalin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yanovsky
authors.forename: Arthur W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Toga
authors.forename: Clifford R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000473:pathology*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male