title: Prevalence and risk factors for nocturia in middle-aged and elderly people from public health centers in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the occurrence and the associated risk factors for nocturia among middle-aged and elderly people from public health centers in southern Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were part of our previous cross-sectional study which used a self-administered questionnaire for the assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms. A total of 1011 responders who were at least 40 years of age were enrolled from any of four local public health centers for any reason in Pingtung County, Taiwan. Nocturia, as a dependent variable, was defined as two or more episodes per night. Covariables included age, gender, and chronic illnesses (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to determine the risk factors associated with nocturia. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 38.1 % (385/1011) of the participants reported having nocturia ≥ 2 episodes/night, and the occurrence of nocturia increased with advanced age. More than half (51.2 %, 197/385) participants with nocturia perceived at least ″a bit of a problem″ on the sleep quality. The multivariate logistical regression showed that the independent risk factors for nocturia were age (OR:1.06, CI:1.05-1.08), hypertension (OR:1.58, CI:1.16-2.16) and diabetes (OR:1.59, CI:1.03-2.45) and obesity (OR:1.47, CI:1.02-2.10), while a borderline effect on nocturia was produced by cardiovascular disease (OR:1.66, CI: 0.98-2.79) and stroke (OR:2.75, CI:0.88-8.64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several chronic illnesses coexisted with nocturia. Health care providers need to be aware of an increased risk of nocturia among people with certain chronic illnesses, and provide appropriate health care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Huang
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Aih-Fung
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Chung-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hann-Chorng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003151:Community Health Centers; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology