title: The role of upper lateral cartilage in correcting dorsal irregularities: section 2. The suture bridging cephalic extension of upper lateral cartilages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dorsal irregularity after hump reduction is one of the most annoying problems in aesthetic nasal surgery. Spreader grafts, cartilaginous autogenous thin (CATS) grafts, Skoog-type dorsal grafts, cartilage grafts, bone grafts, fascia grafts, dermal grafts and nonbiologic products such as silicon and polytetrafluoroethylene are used to overcome this problem. In cases managed with spreader flaps rather than graft procedures, problems may persist in the area of the nasal bones, whereas irregularities in the cartilage dorsum can be minimized. More specifically, the surgically treated surface of the dorsum's upper third and the rhinion area [nasal bone and upper lateral cartilage (ULC) junction], which has the thinnest nasal soft tissue, present the greatest challenge for hiding irregularities and call for special attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ULC has a cephalic extension with varying lengths under the nasal bone. When these pieces of cartilage are protected during hump excision and sutured to each other, a strong, smooth, and a single-unit structure can be obtained. This technique was applied to 76 patients between 2009 and 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manual examination during the postoperative period showed no irregularities in 60 patients. In the remaining 16 patients, minimal irregularities in the bony region were encountered. In 4 of these patients, the irregularities were visible in the profile view, and in the remaining 12 patients, they were felt only by manual examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bridging suture technique using cephalic extensions of the ULC is an improvement of the spreader flap technique to obtain a straight, smooth, and single-unit dorsum in rhinoplasty patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors                      www.springer.com/00266                                        .
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Celal Bayar University, Uncubozkoy-Manisa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yurdakul Ilker
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Manavbaşi
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kerem
authors.forename: Ihsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Başaran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013536:Suture Techniques