title: A psychological preoperative program: effects on anxiety and cooperative behaviors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of a psychological preoperative program in reducing preoperative anxiety and in promoting compliance of pediatric participants with surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty children and their mothers were subjected to two conditions of treatment to investigate whether psychological preparation activities and psychologist's support during all phases of the operatory iter (group 1) were as efficient in reducing mothers' and child's anxiety and in increasing the child's compliance as distraction activities (group 2). The observed child anxiety was assessed using mYPAS; compliant behaviors with Induction Compliance Checklist; and mothers' anxiety with Amsterdam Pre-operative Anxiety and Information Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children of the first group were less anxious and more cooperative in the preoperative period and during anesthesia induction than in the other condition. The psychological program was also more efficient in reducing mothers' anxiety. Finally, the mothers of group 1 showed a significantly higher satisfaction and judged as significantly more effective the program proposed to prepare their children than the mothers of group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preparing children through playful dramatization of the operative procedure, manipulation of medical instruments and psychologist's support may be useful in pediatric surgery structures.
authors.affiliation: Section of Psychology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cuzzocrea
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gugliandolo
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Larcan
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Nunzio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turiaco
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dominici
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires