title: Ikaros family transcription factors expression in rat thymus: detection of impaired development.
abstract: The expression of Ikaros family transcription factors and consequently their signalling pathway is limiting for hematopoietic and lymphocyte development in mice and human. Due to their importance, these transcription factors are highly homologous between species. As an initial approach to examining the possible involvement of Ikaros transcription factors in pathogenesis of rat lymphoid development, we analyzed the expression of all known Ikaros family members, Ikaros, Aiolos, Helios, Eos and Pegasus in the rat thymus. We established a semi-quantitative RT-PCR to detect mRNA of each transcription factor. For the first time we give evidence of the expression of Ikaros family transcription factors in the rat thymus. Further, we evaluated whether their mRNA expression was succumbed to changes when the rats were exposed to ethanol, as a known debilitating agent during development. Therefore we analyzed the thymus of adult rats whose mothers were forced to drink ethanol during gestation, to detect possible changes in thymus mRNA expression levels of Ikaros, Aiolos, Helios, Eos and Pegasus. We found that rats prenatally exposed to ethanol show a slightly higher expression of Ikaros family transcription factors in the adult thymus when compared to control rats, but these differences were not statistically significant. We further studied the distribution of the major lymphocyte subpopulations in the rat thymus according to CD3, CD4 and CD8 expression by four color flow cytometry. We found a higher incidence of CD3 positive cells in the double positive, CD4+CD8+ thymic subpopulation of rats prenatally exposed to ethanol when compared to non-exposed animals. Our findings indicate that ethanol exposure of pregnant rats might influence the development of CD3 positive cells in the thymus of the offspring but this result should be further tackled at the level of transcription factor expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paradzik
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mokrovic
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bordukalo Niksic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heckel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stipic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pavicic Baldani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cicin-Sain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antica
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D051740:Ikaros Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051740:Ikaros Transcription Factor; D000431:Ethanol