title: Effects of saikosaponin-d on syndecan-2, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 in rats with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate effects of Saikosaponin D (SSd) on syndecan-2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) in livers of rat with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male SD rats were divided into control (n=10), model (n=20) and SSd (n=20) groups, and model and SSd groups given intragastric 0.2% (w/v) N-diethylnitrosamine to induce HCC. SSd group received 0.03% (w/v) SSd in saline. Liver samples were analysed immunohistochemically for syndecan-2, MMP-2, MMP-13 and TIMP-2 at 16 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model group had more malignant nodules than the SSd group; all model-group HCC cells were grade III; SSd-group HCC cells were grades I-II. Controls showed normal hepatic cell phenotypes and no syndecan-2+ staining. Syndecan-2+ staining was greater in the model group (35.2%, P < or = 0.001) than in controls or the SSd group (16.5%, P < or = 0.001). The model group had more intense MMP-2+ staining than controls (0.37 vs 0.27, P< or =0.01) or the SSd group (0.31 vs 0.37, P< or =0.05); and higher MMP-13+ staining (72.55%) than in controls (12.55%, P< or =0.001) and SSd group (20.18%, P< or =0.01). The model group also had more TIMP-2+ staining (57.2%) than controls (20.9%, P< or =0.001) and SSd group (22.7%, P< or=0.001). Controls and SSd group showed no difference in TIMP-2+ rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SSd inhibited HCC development, and downregulated expression of syndecan-2, MMP-2, MMP-13 and TIMP-2 in rat HCC liver tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Shuangsuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Siyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012503:Saponins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053669:Syndecan-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012503:Saponins; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D053669:Syndecan-2; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C025759:saikosaponin D