title: Percutaneous transphyseal pin fixation through the distal physis of the ulna in pediatric distal fractures of the forearm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to report the long-term results of transphyseal Kirschner (K) wire fixation through the distal physis of ulna in distal fractures of forearm in pediatrics and to determine the safety of this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed the study retrospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  All of the patient was treated operatively in the level 2 trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records and radiographs of 44 pediatric patients who had the distal fractures of forearm retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  After fixation of the radius percutaneously, retrograde percutaneous K-wire fixation through the distal physis of ulna was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  At final follow-up, the clinical results according to the system described by Price et al were graded and the range of motion of forearm and wrist was compared with contralateral normal arm. Radiologically, the length discrepancy of ulna and ulnar variance for analysis of premature physis closure was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical results were excellent in 31 patients, good in 12, and fair in 1. There was no significant difference in the range of motion of forearm and wrist between arms. Radiologically, there was no evidence of physis closure in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrograde percutaneous transphyseal K-wire fixation through the distal physis of ulna in pediatrics is a minimally invasive and technically easy treatment option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soo Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Seung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Ho Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chul Ki
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001858:Bone Nails; D001864:Bone Wires; D005260:Female; D005543:Forearm Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014457:Ulna; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*