title: The oral cavity as a biological barrier system: design of an advanced buccal in vitro permeability model.
abstract: An important area for future research lies in finding a drug delivery system across or into the oral mucosa. However, to design such systems, simplified biological models are necessary so that the mechanisms and/or interactions of interest can readily be studied. The oral epithelium is covered by a complex mucus layer, which enables exchange of nutrients and provides lubrication. However, it has been demonstrated that mucus has an impact on the mobility of nanoparticles and drug molecules. Thus, we aimed to develop an advanced buccal in vitro model for studying transport of nanoparticles, taking the mucus layer into account. First, animal mucins (porcine gastric, bovine submaxillary) were compared with natural human mucin regarding chemical and morphological structure. Second, an "external" mucus layer was prepared by a film method and deposited onto an oral cell line (TR 146), cultured on transwells®. Adherence of the mucin fibers was evaluated and the viability of the model was assessed. Nanoparticle transport studies were performed with this advanced in vitro model and an ex vivo diffusion system. The results revealed that porcine mucin is most similar to human natural mucin in chemical structure and morphology. Both the bovine and porcine mucin fibers adhered onto the oral cells: Due to the different morphology of bovine mucin, the viability of the oral cells decreased, whereas porcine mucin maintained the viability of the model for more than 48 h. Comparison of in vitro data with ex vivo data suggested reliability of the advanced buccal in vitro model. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the mucus layer in the oral cavity also acts as a strong barrier for the mobility of nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Birgit J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Teubl
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Absenger
authors.forename: Eleonore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fröhlich
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leitinger
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roblegg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D004058:Diffusion; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005752:Gastric Mucins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D023421:Models, Animal; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010539:Permeability; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005752:Gastric Mucins; D009077:Mucins