title: Clinical efficacy of stem cell mediated osteogenesis and bioceramics for bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Lower back pain is a common disorder that often requires bony spinal fusion for long-term relief. Current arthrodesis procedures use bone grafts from autogenous bone, allogenic backed bone or synthetic materials. Autogenous bone grafts can result in donor site morbidity and pain at the donor site, while allogenic backed bone and synthetic materials have variable effectiveness. Given these limitations, researchers have focused on new treatments that will allow for safe and successful bone repair and regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received attention for their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, cells that synthesize the extracellular matrix and regulate matrix mineralization. Successful bone regeneration requires three elements: MSCs that serve as osteoblastic progenitors, osteoinductive growth factors and their pathways that promote development and differentiation of the cells as well as an osteoconductive scaffold that allows for the formation of a vascular network. Future treatments should strive to combine mesenchymal stem cells, cell-seeded scaffolds and gene therapy to optimize the efficiency and safety of tissue repair and bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA. jneman@coh.org
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neman
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hambrecht
authors.forename: Cherie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cadry
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goodarzi
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Youssefzadeh
authors.forename: Mike Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jandial
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002516:Ceramics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000628:therapy; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials