title: A novel hepatitis B vaccine containing Advax™, a polysaccharide adjuvant derived from delta inulin, induces robust humoral and cellular immunity with minimal reactogenicity in preclinical testing.
abstract: Although current HBV vaccines have an outstanding record of safety and efficacy, reduced immunogenicity is a problem in those of older age, or having renal impairment or diabetes mellitus. In this study, we tested the ability of Advax™ adjuvant, a novel polysaccharide adjuvant based on delta inulin, to enhance the immunogenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) in mice and guinea pigs by comparison to the traditional alum adjuvant. Advax™ provided antigen-sparing, significantly enhanced both anti-HBs antibody titers, and anti-HBs CD4 and CD8 T-cells, with increases in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine responses. Unlike alum, the adjuvant effect of Advax™ was seen even when injected 24h before the HBs antigen. Advax™ adjuvant similarly enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses in guinea pigs to a third generation preS-HBs antigen. Advax™ adjuvant when combined with HBs antigen could provide enhanced protection over current generation HBV vaccines for immunization of low responder populations.
authors.affiliation: Vaxine Pty Ltd., Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saade
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda-Okubo
authors.forename: Samay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trec
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petrovsky
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007444:Inulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000534:Alum Compounds; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; C576871:delta inulin; C041524:aluminum sulfate; D007444:Inulin