title: Anti-cardiolipin from periodontitis patients induces MCP-1 production by human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periodontal diseases are associated with a variety of systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and stroke, and patients with periodontitis demonstrate elevated levels of anti-cardiolipin antibodies. We sought to determine if anti-cardiolipin antibodies from periodontitis patients induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production by human vascular endothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  IgG was purified from sera from 53 subjects, including chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy controls, with elevated or normal IgG anti-cardiolipin levels. In addition, anti-cardiolipin antibodies were specifically removed from some sera by immunoabsorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that, irrespective of diagnostic category, IgG from subjects with elevated anti-cardiolipin induced significantly greater monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production by human vascular endothelial cells than IgG from those subjects with normal anti-cardiolipin titres. Removal of anti-cardiolipin from IgG preparations from periodontitis patients significantly reduced their ability to induce monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since elevated titres of anti-cardiolipin are found in a significantly greater proportion of patients with periodontitis than in periodontally healthy individuals, and these antibodies activate endothelial cells to produce monocyte chemotactic protein-1, they may explain some of the associations noted between periodontal infections and systemic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA. haschenk@vcu.edu
authors.forename: Harvey A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Schenkein
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sabatini
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Koertge
authors.forename: Carol N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Donald B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Purkall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology*; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000276:immunology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000276:immunology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D010519:Periodontium / Q000276:immunology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors