title: Laboratory confirmed health care-associated bloodstream infections: A Jordanian study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have been conducted in Jordan related to health care associated bloodstream infections (HCABSIs). This study aims to examine epidemiology of HCABSIs among hospitalized adult patients in Jordan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study (N=570; 445 confirmed HCABSIs, 125 uninfected patients) with a nested 1:1 matched case-control design (n=125 in each group) was used based on data from one large referral hospital in Jordan over a period of 5 years. HCABSI cases were determined based on confirmed positive blood culture after 48h of admission. The case-control analyses (n=250 per group) matched on gender, age, same admission month and unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence and mortality rates were 8.1 and 5.8 per 1000 admissions, respectively. Four-variable and three-variable multivariate models were proposed to explain the risk of HCABSIs in the matched analyses .The four-variable model consists of blood product (OR=24.5), invasive procedures (OR=4.3), renal failure (OR=9.2), and presence of other infections (OR=21.6). The three-variable model consists of recipient of blood product (OR=19.7), invasive procedures (OR=4.5), and renal failure (OR=9.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is a pioneer study that examined risk factors, the associated HCABSIs in Jordan. Results from this study can be used to influence infection control plans in Jordan.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, AL AL-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan. rawajfah@aabu.edu.jo
authors.forename: Omar M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Al-Rawajfah
authors.forename: Jehanzeb
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.forename: Issa M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Hweidi
authors.forename: Jeanne Beauchamp
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: Eyad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Musallam
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult