title: Impulsivity is associated with treatment non-completion in cocaine- and methamphetamine-dependent patients but differs in nature as a function of stimulant-dependence diagnosis.
abstract: Greater impulsivity, assessed by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) and Stroop interference scores, has been associated with treatment completion in cocaine-dependent patients. This study evaluated the relationships among impulsivity, stimulant-dependence diagnosis, and treatment completion. Six sites evaluating 12-step facilitation for stimulant abusers obtained the BIS-11 and Stroop from 182 methamphetamine- and/or cocaine-dependent participants. Methamphetamine-dependent, relative to cocaine-dependent, participants evidenced significantly greater BIS-11 non-planning and total scores. There was a trend for poorer response inhibition, measured by the Stroop, in cocaine-dependent, relative to methamphetamine-dependent, participants. Accounting for other factors related to treatment completion, BIS-11 motor score, assessing the tendency to act without thinking, predicted treatment completion for both cocaine-dependent and methamphetamine-dependent patients. These results suggest that methamphetamine-dependent and cocaine-dependent patients may have different impulsivity profiles but that the BIS-11 may be useful in identifying both methamphetamine-dependent and cocaine-dependent patients who are at risk for treatment non-completion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA. winhusen@carc.uc.edu
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Winhusen
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Bryon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adinoff
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brigham
authors.forename: Frankie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kropp
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Seamans
authors.forename: Candace C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hodgkins
authors.forename: Jessica C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dicenzo
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Botero
authors.forename: Davina R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Somoza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D057190:Stroop Test; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine