title: Opium consumption is negatively associated with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), free PSA, and percentage of free PSA levels.
abstract: Addiction to opium continues to be a major worldwide medical and social problem. The study addressing the association between opium consumption and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is lacking. We determined the effects of opium consumption on serum PSA levels in opium-addict men. Our study subjects comprised 438 opium-addict men with a mean age of 52.2 ± 6.4 years (group 1). We compared these men with 446 men who did not indicate current or past opium use (group 2). Serum total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), % fPSA, and sex hormones were compared between the 2 groups. The mean serum tPSA level was significantly lower in group 1 (1.05 ng/mL) than in controls (1.45 ng/mL) (P = 0.001). Opium consumption was also associated with lower fPSA (P = 0.001) and % fPSA (P = 0.001). Serum free testosterone level in opium-addict patients (132.5 ± 42 pg/mL) was significantly lower than that in controls (156.2 ± 43 pg/mL) (P = 0.03). However, no significant correlation existed between tPSA and free testosterone levels (r = 0.28, 95% CI, -0.036 to 0.51, P = 0.34). Among the patients with cancer in group 1, 35% were found to have high-grade tumor (Gleason score ≥ 7) compared with 26.7% in group 2 (P = 0.02). Total PSA and fPSA were strongly correlated with duration of opium use (r = -0.06, 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.08, P = 0.0001; and r = -0.05, 95% CI, -0.03 to -0.07, P = 0.0001, respectively). Opium consumption is independently and negatively associated with serum tPSA, fPSA, and % fPSA levels.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Center for Urological Disease Diagnosis, Tehran, Iran. info@safarinejad.com
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Safarinejad
authors.forename: Seyyed Alaeddin
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Asgari
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farshi
authors.forename: Shahrokh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iravani
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoshdel
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shekarchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D009892:Opium / Q000494:pharmacology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D009892:Opium; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen