title: Zero ischemia laparoscopic partial thulium laser nephrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laser technology presents a promising alternative to achieve tumor excision and renal hemostasis with or without hilar occlusion, yet its use in partial nephrectomy has not been significantly evaluated. We prospectively evaluated the thulium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) in our institution over a 1-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the thulium laser with a wavelength of 2013 nm in the infrared spectrum. Data were recorded prospectively. Tumor size, preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical classification (PADUA) score, operative time, warm ischemia time (WIT), and perioperative and postoperative morbidity were recorded. Blood loss, preoperative and postoperative creatinine level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were also collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 15 patients underwent consecutive LPN. The mean tumour diameter was 2.85 (1.5-4). The mean PADUA score was 6.8 (6-9). The mean total operative time was 168 minutes (128-306 min). Mean blood loss was 341 mL (0-800 mL). Date of discharge was 3.2 days postoperatively (2-8 days). The renal vessels were not clamped, resulting in a WIT of 0 minutes in all cases. There was no statistical significant increase in serum creatinine level or decrease in eGFR postoperatively. Histologically, the majority of lesions (13/15 patients) were renal-cell carcinoma stage pT1a. In all cases, base margins had negative results for tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2013-nm thulium laser system offers excellent hemostasis and precise resection capability of the renal cortex during LPN of small partially exophytic renal tumors. Our series showed excellent perioperative functional and pathologic outcomes, including minimal blood loss, zero ischemia, negative tumor margins, and preservation of renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, St James Hospital , Dublin, Ireland .
authors.forename: Arun Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hennessey
authors.forename: Fardod
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: O'Kelly
authors.forename: Diarmaid
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed