title: Voice conversion in cochlear implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Voice conversion algorithms may benefit cochlear implant (CI) users who better understand speech produced by one talker than by another. It is unclear how the source or target talker's fundamental frequency (F0) information may contribute to perception of converted speech. This study evaluated voice conversion algorithms for CI users in which the source or target talker's F0 was included in the converted speech.
  
  
  METHODS
  Development and evaluation of computerized voice conversion algorithms in CI patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of cepstral analysis-based algorithms were developed and evaluated in six CI users. The algorithms converted talker voice gender (male-to-female, or female-to-male); either the source or target talker F0 was included in the converted speech. The voice conversion algorithms were evaluated in terms of recognition of IEEE sentences, speech quality, and voice gender discrimination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Voice gender recognition performance showed that listeners strongly cued to the F0 that was included within the converted speech. For both IEEE sentence recognition and voice quality ratings, performance was poorer with the voice conversion algorithms than with original speech. Performance on female-to-male conversion was superior to male-to-female conversion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strong cueing to F0 within the voice conversion algorithms suggests that CI users are able to utilize temporal periodicity information for some pitch-related tasks. Limitations on spectral channel information experienced by CI users may result in poorer performance with voice conversion algorithms due to distortion of speech formant information and degradation of the spectral envelope.
authors.affiliation: House Ear Clinic, Los Angeles, California 90057, USA. ewilkinson@hei.org
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Ossama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abdel-Hamid
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Galvin
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Qian-Jie
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013067:Speech Perception; D049250:Speech Recognition Software; D014831:Voice