title: Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing patterns in patients receiving sustained low-efficiency dialysis: opportunities for pharmacists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) is a 'hybrid' form of continuous renal replacement therapy; however, there is very limited information on drug disposition during this procedure. Individuals requiring SLED are often critically ill and require antibiotics. The study aim was to evaluate antibiotic orders for patients requiring SLED compared to literature-based recommendations. We also evaluated whether doses were administered as prescribed and assessed clinical and microbiologic cure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed over a 2-year period for patients who received concurrent SLED and antibiotic therapy. Demographic data, prescribed antibiotic dosing regimens and doses delivered as prescribed were determined for 10 antibiotics: cefepime (C), daptomycin (Da), doripenem (D), gentamicin (G), imipenem-cilastatin (I), linezolid (L), meropenem (M), piperacillin-tazobactam (P), tobramycin (T) and vancomycin (V). Dosing regimens were compared to recommendations from the literature where available. The incidence of clinical and microbiologic cure was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 87 patients met inclusion criteria: mean age 54 ± 14 years, 60% male, 58% white. Prescribed doses were evidence-based for 37% of Da, 97% of L, 15% of M and 7% of V orders. The majority of discrepancies were due to under-dosing. There were 129 (11%) antibiotic doses missed. Of the 13 patients who met criteria for assessment of clinical and microbiologic cure, 10 achieved a microbiologic cure and none reached clinical cure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prescribed antibiotic dosing regimens varied substantially and under-dosing was common. There is a need to further define appropriate dosing regimens for antibiotics administered during SLED and determine how pharmacists may help to ensure appropriate therapy.
authors.affiliation: Methodist University Hospital.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Reaves
authors.forename: Amy G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griner
authors.forename: Joanna Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Hudson
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010595:Pharmacists; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D024382:Professional Role; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013714:Tennessee
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents