title: A design of experiments to optimize a new manufacturing process for high activity protein-containing submicron particles.
abstract: A novel method for the manufacture of protein/peptide-containing submicron particles was developed in an attempt to provide particles with increased activity while using high energy input technologies. The method consists of antisolvent co-precipitation from an aqueous solution containing both an amino acid core material (e.g. D,L-valine), and either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or lysozyme (Lys) as model proteins. The aqueous solution was added to the organic phase by means of a nebulizer to increase the total surface area of interaction for the precipitation process. Sonication proved to be an effective method to produce small particle sizes while maintaining high activity of Lys. The use of a polysorbate or sorbitan ester derivatives as stabilizers proved to be necessary to yield submicron particles. Particles with very high yields (approximately 100%) and very high activity after manufacture (approximately 100%) could be obtained. A particle size of 439.0 nm, with a yield of 48.8% and with final remaining activity of 98.7% was obtained. By studying various factors using a design of experiments strategy (DoE) we were able to establish the critical controlling factors for this new method of manufacture.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin (UT) , Austin, TX , USA.
authors.forename: Javier O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Gero M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Joks
authors.forename: Alf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lamprecht
authors.forename: Alistair C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: McConville
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006601:Hexoses / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D055550:Protein Stability; D011786:Quality Control; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013010:Sonication; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014633:Valine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D005079:Excipients; D006601:Hexoses; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C018665:sorbitan monooleate; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D009113:Muramidase; D014633:Valine; C009298:sorbitan monostearate