title: PST-Gold nanoparticle as an effective anticancer agent with immunomodulatory properties.
abstract: Polysaccharide PST001, which is isolated from the seed kernels of Tamarindus indica (Ti), is an antitumor and immunomodulatory compound. Gold nanoparticles have been used for various applications in cancer. In the present report, a novel strategy for the synthesis and stabilization of gold nanoparticles using anticancer polysaccharide PST001 was employed and the nanoparticles' antitumor activity was evaluated. PST-Gold nanoparticles were prepared such that PST001 acted both as a reducing agent and as a capping agent. PST-Gold nanoparticles showed high stability, no obvious aggregation for months and a wide range of pH tolerance. PST-Gold nanoparticles not only retained the antitumor effect of PST001 but also showed an enhanced effect even at a low concentration. It was also found that the nanoparticles exerted their antitumor effects through the induction of apoptosis. In vivo assays on BALB/c mice revealed that PST-Gold nanoparticles exhibited immunomodulatory effects. Evaluation of biochemical, hematological and histopathological features of mice revealed that PST-Gold nanoparticles could be administered safely without toxicity. Using the polysaccharide PST001 for the reduction and stabilization of gold nanoparticles does not introduce any environmental toxicity or biological hazards, and these particles are more effective than the parent polysaccharide. Further studies should be employed to exploit these particles as anticancer agents with imaging properties.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (RCC), Trivandrum 11, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Manu M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Aravind
authors.forename: Sheeja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mini
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Sreelekha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D020014:K562 Cells; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010316:Particle Size; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013499:Surface Properties; D029861:Tamarindus / Q000737:chemistry; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D011134:Polysaccharides; D006046:Gold