title: Value of annular M-mode displacement vs tissue Doppler velocities to assess cardiac function in intrauterine growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the ability of two different methods for longitudinal annular motion measurement, M-mode and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), to demonstrate cardiac dysfunction in intrauterine-growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac longitudinal annular motion in the basal free wall of the left ventricle (mitral annulus), interventricular septum and tricuspid annulus was assessed in 23 early-onset IUGR cases and 43 controls by TDI (annular peak velocities) and M-mode (displacement).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All annular parameters were significantly decreased in the IUGR group with respect to controls using both methods. M-mode showed a trend towards equal performance as classifier between cases and controls, as compared to TDI, mainly in the tricuspid annulus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both M-mode and TDI demonstrate annular motion changes and consequently cardiac dysfunction in IUGR fetuses. M-mode imaging is simpler to perform and could be as sensitive as TDI for detecting subtle changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Fetal and Perinatal Medicine Research Group Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz-Lemini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crispi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valenzuela-Alcaraz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Figueras
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sitges
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bijnens
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gratacós
mesh_terms: D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000502:physiology
keywords: MAPSE; TAPSE; cardiac dysfunction; fetal echocardiography; fetal growth restriction; tissue Doppler imaging