title: A multitarget training method for artificial neural network with application to computer-aided diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors propose a new training method for artificial neural networks (ANNs) in two-class classification tasks such as classifying breast lesions on a mammogram as malignant or benign.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whereas the conventional binary training method uses binary training target values based on the diagnostic truth of a lesion being malignant or benign, the authors use multiple training target values based on more detailed histological diagnosis that presumably are related to the posterior probability of a lesion being malignant. The authors performed Monte Carlo simulation studies in which training target values were assigned based on posterior probability, and they also performed a mammography study in which training target values were assigned according to histological subtypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These studies showed that the multitarget training method produced less variability in the ANN outputs than the binary training method. The simulation studies also showed that except for when the number of training cases was extremely large, the multitarget training method produced improved overall classification performance over the binary training method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, the multitarget ANN training method is potentially useful for ANN applications in computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. beiliu@usc.edu
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yulei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008327:Mammography; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D011336:Probability; D012372:ROC Curve