title: CTLA-4 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus: a comprehensive meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether the SNPs +49A/G and CT60A/G of the CTLA-4 gene are associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The comprehensive meta-analysis for +49A/G included 1753 cases and 2279 controls, and for CT60A/G included 676 cases and 576 controls. Allelic and genotypic comparisons between cases and controls were evaluated. For +49A/G, we also subdivided it by population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For +49A/G, statistically significant differences were not noted (fixed: odds ratio [OR]: 1.033, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.937-1.139; random: OR: 1.038, 95% CI: 0.907-1.188). When subdivided into Asia and Europe subgroups, it showed that this polymorphism is still not significantly associated with SLE [for Asia: (fixed: OR: 1.069, 95% CI: 0.932-1.227; random: OR: 1.055, 95% CI: 0.846-1.316); for Europe: (fixed: OR: 0.988, 95% CI: 0.842-1.161; random: OR: 1.015, 95% CI: 0.805-1.281)]. And CT60A/G also did not demonstrate significant differences with SLE (fixed: OR: 1.099, 95% CI: 0.922-1.31; random: OR: 0.918, 95% CI: 0.581-1.448).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the CLTA-4 gene was not associated with SLE. Further investigations are required to identify whether other at-risk polymorphisms within CTLA-4 confer a risk of SLE and to clarify the role of the CTLA-4 gene.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong-Xin
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen