title: Prevalence of bacteria resistant to antibiotics and/or biocides on meat processing plant surfaces throughout meat chain production.
abstract: In order to investigate the prevalence of resistant bacteria to biocides and/or antibiotics throughout meat chain production from sacrifice till end of production line, samples from various surfaces of a goat and lamb slaughterhouse representative of the region were analyzed by the culture dependent approach. Resistant Psychrotrophs (n=255 strains), Pseudomonas sp. (n=166 strains), E. coli (n=23 strains), Staphylococcus sp. (n=17 strains) and LAB (n=82 represented mainly by Lactobacillus sp.) were isolated. Resistant psychrotrophs and pseudomonads (47 and 29%, respectively) to different antimicrobials were frequently detected in almost all areas of meat processing plant regardless the antimicrobial used, although there was a clear shift in the spectrum of other bacterial groups and for this aim such resistance was determined according to several parameters: antimicrobial tested, sampling zone and the bacterial group. Correlation of different parameters was done using a statistical tool "Principal component analysis" (PCA) which determined that quaternary ammonium compounds and hexadecylpyridinium were the most relevant biocides for resistance in Pseudomonas sp., while ciprofloxacin and hexachlorophene were more relevant for psychrotrophs, LAB, and in lesser extent Staphylococcus sp. and Escherichia coli. On the other hand, PCA of sampling zones determined that sacrifice room (SR) and cutting room (CR) considered as main source of antibiotic and/or biocide resistant bacteria showed an opposite behaviour concerning relevance of antimicrobials to determine resistance being hexadecylpyridinium, cetrimide and chlorhexidine the most relevant in CR, while hexachlorophene, oxonia 6P and PHMG the most relevant in SR. In conclusion, rotational use of the relevant biocides as disinfectants in CR and SR is recommended in an environment which is frequently disinfected.
authors.affiliation: Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Leyre
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lavilla Lerma
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benomar
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gálvez
authors.forename: Hikmate
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abriouel
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000592:standards*; D006041:Goats; D008460:Meat; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004202:Disinfectants; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S