title: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and reproducibility of the Brazilian portuguese-language version of the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To cross-culturally adapt the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) for use in Brazil and evaluate the reproducibility of the new (Brazilian Portuguese-language) version.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original English version of the WSWS was translated into Brazilian Portuguese. For cross-cultural adaptation, the Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the WSWS was administered to eight volunteers, all of whom were smokers. After adjustments had been made, the WSWS version was back-translated into English. The Brazilian Portuguese-language version was thereby found to be accurate. The final Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the WSWS was applied to 75 smokers at three distinct times. For the assessment of interobserver reproducibility, it was applied twice within a 30-min interval by two different interviewers. For the assessment of intraobserver reproducibility, it was applied again 15 days later by one of the interviewers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used in order to test the concordance of the answers. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 75 volunteers, 43 (57.3%) were female. The overall mean age was 46.3 years. Interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility was determined for each of the WSWS seven domains, the ICCs for which ranged from 0.87 to 0.94 and from 0.76 to 0.92, respectively. The mean time to completion of the WSWS was 6 min and 44 s, and the response time per question ranged from 4.2 to 12.6 s.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the WSWS is reproducible, fast, and simple. It can therefore be used as a tool for assessing the severity of the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil.
authors.forename: Boanerges Lopes de
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Oliveira Junior
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jardim
authors.forename: Oliver Augusto
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: George Márcio da Costa e
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Ilka Lopes
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Santoro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine