title: Using a filtration technique to isolate platelet free plasma for assaying pyrophosphate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular calcification (VC) is a strong prognostic marker of mortality from cardiovascular disease. Extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is a critical inhibitor of vascular calcification and it has been reported that hemodialysis patients have reduced plasma PPi levels, suggesting that altered PPi metabolism could contribute to VC in hemodialysis patients. Platelets are rich in PPi and release of PPi from platelets during storage or processing of plasma can lead to falsely elevated plasma PPi levels. To prepare plasma samples that are suitable for measuring PPi levels, ultracentrifugation has been used to remove platelets. Consequently, plasma PPi measurements have been limited to research laboratories since the majority of clinical laboratories do not have access to an ultracentrifuge. The purpose of the present study was to test the validity of an improved method of preparing platelet free plasma that uses filtration with a 300,000 Dalton molecular weight cut-off filter to exclude platelets, while minimizing their release of PPi.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 20 maintenance hemodialysis patients, PPi levels were measured in plasma samples prepared by the conventional technique of low-speed centrifugation to remove red and white blood cells versus a novel filtration technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma prepared by filtration had significantly lower platelet counts (0 vs. 3 - 7 10(3)/microL) and PPi levels (1.39 +/- 0.30 microM vs. 2.74 +/- 1.19 microM; mean +/- SD, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The filtration method appears effective in excluding platelets without causing trauma to platelets and can be used by clinical laboratories to prepare platelet-depleted plasma for PPi measurement.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tolouian
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Connery
authors.forename: W Charles
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D011756:Diphosphates / Q000097:blood*; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014461:Ultracentrifugation
chemical_list: D011756:Diphosphates