title: Evaluation of MRI artifacts at 3 Tesla for 38 commonly used cosmetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate MRI artifacts at 3-Tesla for 38 commonly used cosmetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight cosmetics (16, nail polishes; 5, eyeliners; 3, mascaras; 10, eye shadows; 1, lip gloss; 1, body lotion; 1, body glitter, and 1, hair loss concealer) underwent evaluation for MRI artifacts at 3-Tesla. The cosmetics were applied a copper-sulfate-filled, phantom and initially assessed using a "screening" gradient echo (GRE) pulse sequence. Of the 38 different cosmetics, 14 (37%) exhibited artifacts. For these 14 cosmetics, additional characterization of artifacts was performed using a GRE pulse sequence. A qualitative scale was applied to characterize the artifact size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Artifacts were observed, as follows: 2, nail polishes; 5, eyeliners; 3, mascaras; 3, eye shadows; 1, hair loss concealer. Artifact size ranged from small (eye shadow) to very large (hair loss concealer) and tended to be associated with the presence of iron oxide or other metal-based ingredient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Commonly used cosmetics caused artifacts that may create issues if the area of interest is the same as where the cosmetic was applied or if its presence was unknown, thus, potentially causing it to be construed as pathology. Therefore, these findings have important implications for patients referred for MRI examinations.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kirin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Escher
authors.forename: Frank G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Shellock
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics