title: Implementation and research priorities for FCTC Articles 13 and 16: tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship and sales to and by minors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Article 13 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) calls for a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS), and Article 16 calls for prohibition of tobacco sales to and by minors. Although these mandates are based on sound science, many countries have found provision implementation to be rife with challenges.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper reviews the history of tobacco marketing and minor access restrictions in high-, middle-, and low-income countries, identifying past challenges and successes. We consider current challenges to FCTC implementation, how these barriers can be addressed, and what research is necessary to support such efforts. Specifically, we identify implementation and research priorities for FCTC Articles 13 and 16.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a solid evidence base underpins the FCTC's call for TAPS bans and minor access restrictions, we know substantially less about how best to implement these restrictions. Drawing on the regulatory experiences of high-, middle-, and low-income countries, we discern several implementation and research priorities, which are organized into 4 categories: policy enactment and enforcement, human capital expertise, the effects of FCTC marketing and youth access policies, and knowledge exchange and transfer among signatories. Future research should provide detailed case studies on implementation successes and failures, as well as insights into how knowledge of successful restrictions can be translated into tobacco control policy and practice and shared among different stakeholders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tobacco marketing surveillance, sales-to-minors compliance checks, enforcement and evaluation of restriction policies, and capacity building and knowledge transfer are likely to prove central to effective implementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. rebekah_nagler@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Rebekah H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nagler
authors.forename: Kasisomayajula
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Viswanath
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003132:Commerce / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D033161:Government Regulation; D006291:Health Policy; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D040541:Marketing / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D033242:Minors; D019064:Product Packaging / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012106:Research; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000009:adverse effects*