title: Effect of cattle on Salmonella carriage, diversity and antimicrobial resistance in free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) in northeastern Spain.
abstract: Salmonella is distributed worldwide and is a pathogen of economic and public health importance. As a multi-host pathogen with a long environmental persistence, it is a suitable model for the study of wildlife-livestock interactions. In this work, we aim to explore the spill-over of Salmonella between free-ranging wild boar and livestock in a protected natural area in NE Spain and the presence of antimicrobial resistance. Salmonella prevalence, serotypes and diversity were compared between wild boars, sympatric cattle and wild boars from cattle-free areas. The effect of age, sex, cattle presence and cattle herd size on Salmonella probability of infection in wild boars was explored by means of Generalized Linear Models and a model selection based on the Akaike's Information Criterion. Prevalence was higher in wild boars co-habiting with cattle (35.67%, CI 95% 28.19-43.70) than in wild boar from cattle-free areas (17.54%, CI 95% 8.74-29.91). Probability of a wild boar being a Salmonella carrier increased with cattle herd size but decreased with the host age. Serotypes Meleagridis, Anatum and Othmarschen were isolated concurrently from cattle and sympatric wild boars. Apart from serotypes shared with cattle, wild boars appear to have their own serotypes, which are also found in wild boars from cattle-free areas (Enteritidis, Mikawasima, 4:b:- and 35:r:z35). Serotype richness (diversity) was higher in wild boars co-habiting with cattle, but evenness was not altered by the introduction of serotypes from cattle. The finding of a S. Mbandaka strain resistant to sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and chloramphenicol and a S. Enteritidis strain resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid in wild boars is cause for public health concern.
authors.affiliation: Servei d' Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. norit85@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Navarro-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Gregorio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mentaberre
authors.forename: Concepción M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Porrero
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mateos
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: López-Martín
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavín
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Domínguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D044822:Biodiversity; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents