title: Effects of perhexiline-induced fuel switch on the cardiac proteome and metabolome.
abstract: Perhexiline is a potent anti-anginal drug used for treatment of refractory angina and other forms of heart disease. It provides an oxygen sparing effect in the myocardium by creating a switch from fatty acid to glucose metabolism through partial inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and 2. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects elicited by perhexiline are not fully understood. The present study employed a combined proteomics, metabolomics and computational approach to characterise changes in murine hearts upon treatment with perhexiline. According to results based on difference in-gel electrophoresis, the most profound change in the cardiac proteome related to the activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Metabolomic analysis by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed lower levels of total creatine and taurine in hearts of perhexiline-treated mice. Creatine and taurine levels were also significantly correlated in a cross-correlation analysis of all metabolites. Computational modelling suggested that far from inducing a simple shift from fatty acid to glucose oxidation, perhexiline may cause complex rebalancing of carbon and nucleotide phosphate fluxes, fuelled by increased lactate and amino acid uptake, to increase metabolic flexibility and to maintain cardiac output. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Focus on Cardiac Metabolism".
authors.affiliation: King's BHF Centre, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Xiaoke
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: Sarah R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Langley
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Qiuru
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Ignat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Drozdov
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nabeebaccus
authors.forename: Ajay M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Basetti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Madhu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Lindsay M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010480:Perhexiline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020543:Proteome; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D020543:Proteome; D010480:Perhexiline