title: Prevention of alcohol-exposed pregnancies among nonpregnant American Indian women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this project was to evaluate an intervention on reducing alcohol-exposed pregnancies with nonpregnant American Indian women, with a focus on risky drinking and ineffective contraception use.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study had a descriptive longitudinal study design, with follow-up every 3 months for 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three American Indian tribes in the Northern Plains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 231 nonpregnant American Indian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants responded to drinking and contraception questions through the telephone and then received intervention materials via mail. Follow-up telephone surveys occurred at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the baseline call, and participants were again mailed intervention materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcohol consumption and birth control measurements were modified from the Project CHOICES program. The intervention was based on motivational interviewing constructs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis techniques included covariate-adjusted generalized estimating equation methods and Bonferroni correction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the alcohol consumption amount responses had significant decreases with each follow-up intervention session; the average change for the range of questions was  -26% to -17%. The proportion of those stating they did not use birth control decreased from 29% to 10% during the first 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention was successful in modifying self-reported drinking and contraception behaviors. This project is the only one to date that has focused on preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancies in nonpregnant American Indian women.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Outcomes and Prevention Research, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th St. N., Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA. Jessica.D.Hanson@sanfordhealth.org
authors.forename: Jessica D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Ashley L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Austin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winberg
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003267:Contraception; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D015146:Midwestern United States; D016742:Preconception Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D036301:Qualitative Research; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012725:Sexual Behavior