title: Characteristics of injuries sustained by snowboarders in a terrain park.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine injured body regions and injury type resulting from snowboarding on aerial and nonaerial terrain park features and the accuracy of ski patrol assessments compared with physician diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series study.
  
  
  METHODS
  An Alberta terrain park during the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 seasons.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 333 snowboarders injured on features (379 injuries).
  
  
  METHODS
  Aerial or nonaerial terrain park feature used at injury, injured body region, injury type, and additional risk factors were recorded from ski patrol Accident Report Forms, emergency department medical records, and telephone interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Odds of injury to body regions and injury types on aerial versus nonaerial features were calculated using multinomial logistic regression. Accuracy of ski patrol injury assessments was examined through sensitivity, specificity, and kappa (κ) statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The wrist was the most commonly injured body region (20%), and fracture was the most common injury type (36%). Compared with the upper extremity, the odds of head/neck [odds ratio (OR), 2.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.37-4.85] and trunk (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.68-7.95) injuries were significantly greater on aerial features. There was no significant association between aerial versus nonaerial feature and injury type. The accuracy of ski patrol injury assessment was higher for injured body region (κ = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.54-0.75) than for injury type (κ = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.22-0.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Snowboarders were significantly more likely to sustain head/neck or trunk injuries than upper extremity injuries on aerial features. Investigators should acknowledge potential misclassification when using ski patrol injury assessments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. krussell@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meeuwisse
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nettel-Aguirre
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wishart
authors.forename: Nicole T R
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Romanow
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goulet
authors.forename: Brent E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hagel
mesh_terms: D000416:Alberta / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012865:Skiing / Q000293:injuries*; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*