title: A new HA/TTCP material for bone augmentation: an in vivo histological pilot study in primates sinus grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Synthetic calcium phosphate bone substitutes are widely used in sinus graft procedures due to their osteoconductive and biocompatible properties. Hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and HA/β-TCP composite are the most applied materials. The aim of this study was to propose a new mineralogical formulation, HA/tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), as biomaterial for bone regeneration in the maxillary sinus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sinus grafts were performed by using granules of a HA/TTCP blend and a collagen membrane. Bone response at time points of 14 and 17 weeks was histologically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 14 weeks of healing, histomorphometric analysis showed the formation of new bone trabeculae among HA/TTCP granules. After 17 weeks, the bone trabeculae were thicker and HA/TTCP granules were still present. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a bone graft contact (BGC) of 64%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 17 weeks from implantation, HA/TTCP synthetic bone graft performed very well as osteoconductive material: BGC was found very high, and bone volume and vital bone showed an ideal bone density for implant placement. HA/TTCP granules are accounted for to accelerate new bone formation and to reduce the time needed for the graft healing, thus achieving high quantity of the new bone formed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, University of Trento, Italy. marzio.piccinini@ing.unitn.it
authors.forename: Marzio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piccinini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rebaudi
authors.forename: Vincenzo M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Sglavo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bucciotti
authors.forename: Robotti
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pierfrancesco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D041702:BALB 3T3 Cells; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000473:pathology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016062:Porosity; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite