title: Carbon dioxide insufflation safety in double-balloon enteroscopy: an experimental animal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of CO(2) during double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in an experimental animal model study. In this study, insufflation with room air and with CO(2) was compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy swines were used. The animals were randomly allocated to two groups. The room air-DBE group was insufflated with room air, whereas the CO(2)-DBE group was insufflated with CO(2). Endoscopy duration was 90 min. The following parameters were measured during the study (basal, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min): invasive hemodynamic parameters, ventilatory parameters, arterial blood gases, exploration depth, as well as biochemical tests. Residual gas was evaluated at the end of DBE, at 180 min and 24 h after DBE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the endoscopic exploration none of the animals showed hemodynamic, ventilatory or arterial blood gas alterations in the normal reference range for the swine species. The CO(2) group showed statistically significant differences over the room air group with lower post-procedure residual gas and greater depth of the small bowel explored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of CO(2) for insufflation during DBE was safe and no complications associated with CO(2) were observed. In addition, the use of CO(2) offers benefits over the use of room air for insufflation during DBE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Carretera N-521, Caceres, Spain. fsoria@ccmijesususon.com
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lopez-Albors
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morcillo
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarria
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carballo
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perez-Cuadrado
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Latorre
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D058582:Double-Balloon Enteroscopy; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007327:Insufflation / Q000379:methods*; D023421:Models, Animal; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide