title: Gonadal ERα/β, AR and TRPV1 gene expression: modulation by pain and morphine treatment in male and female rats.
abstract: The results of several studies strongly indicate a bidirectional relationship among gonadal hormones and pain. While gonadal hormones play a key role in pain modulation, they have been found to be affected by pain therapies in different experimental and clinical conditions. However, the effects of pain and pain therapy on the gonads are still not clear. In this study, we determined the long-lasting (72 h) effects of inflammatory pain (formalin test) and/or morphine on estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR) and TRPV1 gene expression in the rat testis and ovary. The animals were divided into groups: animals receiving no treatment, animals exposed only to the experimental procedure (control group), animals receiving no pain but morphine (sham/morphine), animals receiving pain and morphine (formalin/morphine), and animals receiving only formalin (formalin/saline). Testosterone (T) and estradiol (E) were determined in the plasma at the end of the testing. In the sham/morphine rats, there were increases of ERα, ERβ, AR and TRPV1 mRNA expression in the ovary; in the testis, ERα and ERβ mRNA expression were reduced while AR and TRPV1 expression were unaffected by treatment. T and E plasma levels were increased in morphine-treated female rats, while T levels were greatly reduced in morphine-treated and formalin-treated males. In conclusion, both testicular and ovarian ER (ERα and ERβ) and ovarian AR and TRPV1 gene expression appear to be affected by morphine treatment, suggesting long-lasting interactions among opioids and gonads.
authors.affiliation: Pain and Stress Neurophysiology Lab., Department of Physiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vodo
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arcelli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fiorenzani
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meriggiola
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Butkevich
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Canio
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mikhailenko
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aloisi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010146:Pain / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493922:Trpv1 protein, rat; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D012313:RNA; D009020:Morphine