title: Visceral massage reduces postoperative ileus in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abdominal surgery invariably causes a temporary reduction of normal intestinal motility, called postoperative ileus. Postoperative ileus extends hospital stays, increases the costs of hospitalization, and may contribute to the formation of postoperative adhesions. We designed experiments to determine if visceral massage affects postoperative ileus in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty female Long Evans rats were assigned to 4 groups in a 2 (surgery) × 2 (treatment) factorial design. Twenty rats were subjected to a small intestinal manipulation designed to emulate "running of the bowel." Transabdominal massage was performed upon 10 operated and 10 control rats in the first 12 h following surgery. Ileus was assayed after 24 h using fecal pellet discharge and gastrointestinal transit. Intraperitoneal inflammation was assayed using total intraperitoneal protein and inflammatory cell concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surgery consistently caused ileus. Compared to the operated group with no treatment, the operated with treatment group showed increased gastrointestinal transit and reduced time to first fecal pellet discharge. Similar group comparisons revealed that the treatment decreased total intraperitoneal protein and numbers of intraperitoneal inflammatory cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this rat model, visceral massage reduced experimental postoperative ileus. The data suggest that the effect was through the attenuation of inflammation. A similar study could be designed and performed in a hospital setting to assess the potential role of visceral massage as part of the integrated care for postoperative ileus.
authors.affiliation: Squamish Therapeutics, 108-41105 Tantalus Rd., Squamish, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chapelle
authors.forename: Geoffrey M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Bove
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D045823:Ileus / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014781:Viscera