title: Effects of transcranial focal electrical stimulation via tripolar concentric ring electrodes on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of noninvasive transcranial focal electrical stimulation (TFS) via tripolar concentric ring electrodes (TCRE) on the electrographic and behavioral activity from pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TCREs were attached to the rat scalp. PTZ was administered and, after the first myoclonic jerk was observed, TFS was applied to the TFS treated group. The electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavioral activity were recorded and studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the case of the TFS treated group, after TFS, there was a significant (p=0.001) decrease in power compared to the control group in delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands. The number of myoclonic jerks was significantly different (p=0.002) with median of 22 and 4.5 for the control group and the TFS treated groups, respectively. The duration of myoclonic activity was also significantly different (p=0.031) with median of 17.56 min for the control group versus 8.63 min for the TFS treated group. At the same time there was no significant difference in seizure onset latency and maximal behavioral seizure activity score between control and TFS treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TFS via TCREs interrupted PTZ-induced seizures and electrographic activity was reduced toward the "baseline." The significantly reduced electrographic power, number of myoclonic jerks, and duration of myoclonic activity of PTZ-induced seizures suggests that TFS may have an anticonvulsant effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA. Besio@ele.uri.edu
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Besio
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Makeyev
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medvedev
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010433:Pentylenetetrazole