title: A member of the Ras oncogene family, RAP1A, mediates antileishmanial activity of monastrol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mode of action of monastrol in intracellular Leishmania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microarray experiments were conducted on an Affymetrix GeneChip(®) Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array, to determine the genes that encode proteins related to pathological alterations of cell signalling pathways in intracellular Leishmania amastigotes in response to monastrol treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Monastrol induced unprenylated Rap1A in intracellular Leishmania when exposed to this anticancer drug at the IC50 (10 μM). Monastrol, known to cause mitotic arrest in cancer cells, inhibited Rap1A prenylation (geranylgeranylation) in intracellular Leishmania, which resulted in blockade at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Growth inhibition, rather than apoptosis, was found to be the mechanism by which monastrol displays antileishmanial activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prenylation inhibitors (unprenylation) of cell signalling pathways can be exploited in Leishmania parasites as novel therapeutic tools.
authors.affiliation: Drug Target Discovery & Development Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Jaspreet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Sujoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Kwang-Poo
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Neeloo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007891:Leishmania / Q000187:drug effects*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D054876:Prenylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013871:Thiones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; C430803:RAP1A protein, human; D013871:Thiones; C400223:monastrol; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins