title: Emission characteristics of VOCs from three fixed-roof p-xylene liquid storage tanks.
abstract: This study evaluates emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) caused by standing loss (L S) and working loss (L W) of three vertical fixed-roof p-xylene (p-X) liquid tanks during 1-year storage and filling operation. The annual net throughput of the tanks reached 70,446 t, resulting in 9,425 kg of p-X vapor emission including 5,046 kg of L S (53.54 %) and 4,379 kg of L W (46.46 %). The estimated L W of AP-42 displayed better agreement with the measured values of a VOC detector than the estimated L S of AP-42. The L S was best correlated with the liquid height of the tanks, while the L W was best correlated with the net throughput of the tanks. As a result, decreasing vapor space volume of the tanks and avoiding high net throughput of the tanks in a high ambient temperature period were considered as effective means to lessen VOC emission from the fixed-roof organic liquid storage tank.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan. clu@dragon.nchu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Chungsying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hsiaoyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shenteng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shihchieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D014835:Volatilization; D014992:Xylenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D014992:Xylenes