title: Perceived social isolation moderates the relationship between early childhood trauma and pulse pressure in older adults.
abstract: Over a million children are subjected to some form of trauma in the United States every year. Early trauma has been shown to have deleterious effects on cardiovascular health in adulthood. However, the presence of strong social relationships as an adult can buffer an individual against many of the harmful effects of early trauma. Furthermore, the perception of social isolation has been shown to be a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and is a strong predictor of all cause mortality. One likely mechanism thought to underlie the influence of perceived isolation on health is changes in arterial stiffness. One of the more widely used measures of arterial stiffness in older individuals is pulse pressure. The goal of the present study was to determine whether early childhood trauma is associated with elevations on pulse pressure. Furthermore, this study sought to determine whether perceived social isolation moderates the relationship between early trauma and pulse pressure. Results revealed that individuals with low perceived social isolation displayed no significant relationship between early trauma and pulse pressure. However, individuals who reported higher levels of perceived isolation showed a significant positive association between early trauma and pulse pressure. Therefore, the detrimental effects of early trauma may be partially dependent upon the quality of social relationships as an adult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. gnorman@uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hawkley
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Gary G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Berntson
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cacioppo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires