title: The prevalence of approximal caries in patients after fixed orthodontic treatment and in untreated subjects: a retrospective, cross-sectional study on bitewing radiographs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of approximal carious lesions in patients after fixed multibracket therapy and in subjects without orthodontics on bitewing radiographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bitewing radiographs of 104 orthodontically treated patients with fixed multibracket appliances were compared to those of 111 untreated subjects. The individuals in both groups were between 15 and 16.25 years of age when radiographs were taken. The test group with orthodontics was recruited from the archive of the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Zürich. The untreated control group was selected randomly from 16 communities in the Canton of Zürich. The approximal surfaces of the permanent premolars and molars of all subjects were assessed by two calibrated investigators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average number of enamel lesions in the test group after fixed orthodontic treatment was lower than in the control group (0.57 vs. 1.85, p < 0.001). The same was found for dentin lesions (0.06 vs. 0.49, p < 0.001). The distribution of lesions was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fewer approximal carious lesions were detected in the test group after fixed multibracket appliances than in the age-matched control group without orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. stefan.baumgartner@zzm.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Menghini
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imfeld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome