title: Randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention by primary care nurses to increase walking in patients aged 60-74 years: protocol of the PACE-Lift (Pedometer Accelerometer Consultation Evaluation - Lift) trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical activity is essential for older peoples' physical and mental health and for maintaining independence. Guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes weekly, of at least moderate intensity physical activity, with activity on most days. Older people's most common physical activity is walking, light intensity if strolling, moderate if brisker. Less than 20% of United Kingdom 65-74 year olds report achieving the guidelines, despite most being able to. Effective behaviour change techniques include strategies such as goal setting, self-monitoring, building self-efficacy and relapse prevention. Primary care physical activity consultations allow individual tailoring of advice. Pedometers measure step-counts and accelerometers measure physical activity intensity. This protocol describes an innovative intervention to increase walking in older people, incorporating pedometer and accelerometer feedback within a primary care nurse physical activity consultation, using behaviour change techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial with intervention and control (usual care) arms plus process and qualitative evaluations.
  
  
  METHODS
  300 people aged 60-74 years registered with 3 general practices within Oxfordshire and Berkshire West primary care trusts, able to walk outside and with no restrictions to increasing their physical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  3 month pedometer and accelerometer based intervention supported by practice nurse physical activity consultations. Four consultations based on behaviour change techniques, physical activity diary, pedometer average daily steps and accelerometer feedback on physical activity intensity. Individual physical activity plans based on increasing walking and other existing physical activity will be produced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Change in average daily steps (primary outcome) and average time spent in at least moderate intensity physical activity weekly (secondary outcome) at 3 months and 12 months, assessed by accelerometry. Other outcomes include quality of life, mood, exercise self-efficacy, injuries. Qualitative evaluations will explore reasons for trial non-participation, the intervention's acceptability to patients and nurses and factors enhancing or acting as barriers for older people in increasing their physical activity levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PACE-Lift trial will determine the feasibility and efficacy of an intervention for increasing physical activity among older primary care patients. Steps taken to minimise bias and the challenges anticipated will be discussed. Word count 341.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN42122561.
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Centre, St George's University of London, UK. tharris@sgul.ac.uk
authors.forename: Tess
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kerry
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Victor
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ekelund
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woodcock
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iliffe
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whincup
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beighton
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ussher
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brewin
authors.forename: Fredrika
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Annabelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D059017:Primary Care Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D016138:Walking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*