title: Risk factors for chronic disease in Viet Nam: a review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic diseases account for most of the disease burden in low- and middle-income countries, particularly those in Asia. We reviewed literature on chronic disease risk factors in Viet Nam to identify patterns and data gaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  All population-based studies published from 2000 to 2012 that reported chronic disease risk factors were considered. We used standard chronic disease terminology to search PubMed and assessed titles, abstracts, and articles for eligibility for inclusion. We summarized relevant study information in tables listing available studies, risk factors measured, and the prevalence of these risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 23 studies conducted before 2010. The most common age range studied was 25 to 64 years. Sample sizes varied, and sample frames were national in 5 studies. A combination of behavioral, physical, and biological risk factors was studied. Being overweight or obese was the most common risk factor studied (n = 14), followed by high blood pressure (n = 11) and tobacco use (n = 10). Tobacco and alcohol use were high among men, and tobacco use may be increasing among Vietnamese women. High blood pressure is common; however, people's knowledge that they have high blood pressure may be low. A high proportion of diets do not meet international criteria for fruit and vegetable consumption. Prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing. None of the studies evaluated measured dietary patterns or total caloric intake, and only 1 study measured dietary salt intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for chronic diseases are common in Viet Nam; however, more recent and context-specific information is required for planning and monitoring interventions to reduce risk factors and chronic disease in this country.
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia. damehoy@yahoo.com.au
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoy
authors.forename: Chalapati
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Nguyen Thi Trang
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nhung
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Nguyen Phuong
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Hoa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology