title: Combination of estrogen and antipsychotics in the treatment of women with chronic schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender differences in schizophrenia include the age of onset, better treatment response, a better outcome, and the peak of the disease in postmenopausal women. Some evidence indicates that these variations are due to estrogen's effect. The intention of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of estrogen as an adjuvant agent in the treatment of women with chronic schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study participants were 32 women of childbearing age with chronic schizophrenia. These patients were hospitalized in an institute for the chronically mentally ill. Participants were randomized into two groups: the first group (16 cases) received conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg/day 4 weeks with their previous antipsychotic treatment, while the second group (16 cases) received placebo booster and antipsychotics. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used as a measurement tool for assessing psychopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of conjugated estrogens with antipsychotic treatment showed a significant decrease in positive (p=0.003), negative (p<0.001), general (p<0.001) and total (p<0.001) PANSS scores over 4 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estrogen may be an effective adjuvant agent in the treatment of women with chronic schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran.
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghafari
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fararouie
authors.forename: Hamidreza Ghafarian
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Shirazi
authors.forename: Arazm
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farhangfar
authors.forename: Fateme
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghaderi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D004967:Estrogens