title: Chronic kidney disease and associated cardiovascular risk factors in chinese with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the frequency of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated risk factors in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Nanjing, China, in the period between January 2008 and December 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with type 2 diabetes under the care by Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China were invited for assessment. CKD was defined as the presence of albuminuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Albuminuria was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We recruited 1,521 urban Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 63.9±12.0 years). The frequency of CKD and albuminuria was 31.0% and 28.9%, respectively. After adjusted by age and sex, hypertension, anemia and duration of diabetes were significantly associated with CKD with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) being 1.93 (1.28 to 2.93), 1.70 (1.09 to 2.64), and 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, CKD was common in the urban Nanjing Chinese with type 2 diabetes. Strategies to prevent or delay progression of kidney disease in diabetes should be carried out at the early disease course of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Care and Research Center, Jiangsu Province Institute of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China. ; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiangsu Province Institute of Geriatrics, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Lin
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Liu-Bao
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yong-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Wing-Yee
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Chun-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Rong-Wen
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bian
keywords: Albuminuria; Chronic kidney disease; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Risk factors