title: Relationships between Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is known to be a good surrogate marker of clinical atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a major predictor for developing neuropathy. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between baPWV and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 692 patients with type 2 diabetes. The correlation between increased baPWV and DPN, neurological symptoms, and neurological assessment was analyzed. DPN was examined using the total symptom score (TSS), ankle reflexes, the vibration test, and the 10-g monofilament test. DPN was defined as TSS ≥2 and an abnormal neurological assessment. Data were expressed as means±standard deviation for normally distributed data and as median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed data. Independent t-tests or chi-square tests were used to make comparisons between groups, and a multiple logistic regression test was used to evaluate independent predictors of DPN. The Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test was used to adjust for age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with DPN had higher baPWV and systolic blood pressure, and were more likely to be older and female, when compared to the control group. According to univariate analysis of risk factors for DPN, the odds ratio of the baPWV ≥1,600 cm/sec was 1.611 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.072 to 2.422; P=0.021) and the odds ratio in female was 1.816 (95% CI, 1.195 to 2.760; P=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased baPWV was significantly correlated with peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Medical Center, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Kil
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Bong Gun
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon Myung
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ja Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chang Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bo Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In Ju
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Diabetic peripheral neuropathy