title: A controlled trial of an intervention to increase resident choice in long term care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate an intervention to improve staff offers of choice to nursing home residents during morning care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A controlled trial with a delayed intervention design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four community, for-profit nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 169 long-stay nursing home residents who required staff assistance with morning care and were able to express their care preferences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research staff held weekly training sessions with nurse aides (NAs) for 12 consecutive weeks focused on how to offer choice during four targeted morning care areas: when to get out of bed, when to get dressed/what to wear, incontinence care (changing and/or toileting), and where to dine. Training sessions consisted of brief video vignettes illustrating staff-resident interactions followed by weekly feedback about how often choice was being provided based on standardized observations of care conducted weekly by research staff.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research staff conducted standardized observations during a minimum of 4 consecutive morning hours per participant per week for 12 weeks of baseline and 12 weeks of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in the frequency that choice was offered for 3 of the 4 targeted morning care areas from baseline to intervention: (1) out of bed, 21% to 33% (P < .001); dressing, 20% to 32% (P < .001); incontinence care, 18% to 23%, (P < .014). Dining location (8% to 13%) was not significant. There was also a significant increase in the amount of NA staff time to provide care from baseline to intervention (8.01 ± 9.0 to 9.68 ± 9.9 minutes per person, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A staff training intervention improved the frequency with which NAs offered choice during morning care but also required more time. Despite significant improvements, choice was still offered one-third or less of the time during morning care.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Center for Quality Aging, Nashville, TN, USA. John.Schnelle@Vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schnelle
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Durkin
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beuscher
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sandra F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Simmons
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009728:Nursing Assistants / Q000193:education*; D009735:Nursing Homes; D015279:Organizational Culture; D057240:Patient Preference; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States