title: Ischemic heart disease mortality and PM(3.5)  in a cohort of autoworkers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been associated with particulate matter (PM) from air pollution. Yet evidence of increased risk associated with higher workplace exposures is scant.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the exposure-response relationship between IHD mortality and PM(3.5) (<3.5 µm diameter) from current and cumulative exposure to straight metalworking fluid in a cohort of 39,412 autoworkers followed from 1941 to 1995. Age, calendar year of follow up, sex, race, and plant were included in each model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To address the decrease in polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in the straight metalworking fluid over time, analyses were stratified by calendar time. Increased risk of IHD mortality was associated with current exposure to PM(3.5) before 1971 and with cumulative exposure to PM(3.5) after 1971.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide modest evidence that occupational exposure to fine PM from straight fluids, especially fluid with higher PAH, may increase the risk of IHD mortality.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. sadie@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Sadie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: S Katharine
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Ellen A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Eisen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D001336:Automobiles; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons