title: Enhanced redifferentiation of chondrocytes on microperiodic silk/gelatin scaffolds: toward tailor-made tissue engineering.
abstract: Direct-write assembly allows rapid fabrication of complex three-dimensional (3D) architectures, such as scaffolds simulating anatomical shapes, avoiding the need for expensive lithographic masks. However, proper selection of polymeric ink composition and tailor-made viscoelastic properties are critically important for smooth deposition of ink and shape retention. Deposition of only silk solution leads to frequent clogging due to shear-induced β-sheet crystallization, whereas optimized viscoelastic property of silk-gelatin blends facilitate the flow of these blends through microcapillary nozzles of varying diameter. This study demonstrates that induction of controlled changes in scaffold surface chemistry, by optimizing silk-gelatin ratio, can govern cell proliferation and maintenance of chondrocyte morphology. Microperiodic silk-gelatin scaffolds can influence postexpansion redifferentiation of goat chondrocytes by enhancing Sox-9 gene expression, aggregation, and driving cartilage matrix production, as evidenced by upregulation of collagen type II and aggrecan expression. The strategy for optimizing redifferentiation of chondrocytes can offer valuable consideration in scaffold-based cartilage repair strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sanskrita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Falguni
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pati
authors.forename: Shibu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chameettachal
authors.forename: Shikha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pahwa
authors.forename: Alok R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Santanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhara
authors.forename: Sourabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D053674:Aggrecans / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012831:Bombyx; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006041:Goats; D008422:Materials Testing; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D047011:Silk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D055682:Viscoelastic Substances
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D024043:Collagen Type II; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D047011:Silk; D055682:Viscoelastic Substances; D005780:Gelatin