title: Back pain and body posture evaluation instrument (BackPEI): development, content validation and reproducibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Following a search conducted in several databases, no instrument was found that jointly evaluates the prevalence of back pain and its associated demographic, social-economic, hereditary, behavioral and postural risk factors. Thus, the present study aims to develop the Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) for school-age children and verify its validity and reproducibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one questions were elaborated to compose the BackPEI instrument, eight experts checked the content validity, and its reproducibility was tested by applying the questionnaire to 260 primary schoolchildren, at two different times with a 7-day interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reproducibility data for the first 20 questions, analyzed using the kappa (k) coefficient, were classified as "very good" (k > 0.8) or "good" (0.6 < k ≤ 0.8). The reproducibility data for the pain intensity question, analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), demonstrated that there was no difference between the averages (p = 0.251) and the responses were highly correlated (ICC = 0.937) for these two tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BackPEI constitutes a valid and reproducible instrument which is relevant for the evaluation of back pain and its associated risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Physical Education School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Felizardo 750, 90690-200, Porto Alegre, Brazil. matiasnoll@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Matias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noll
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tarragô Candotti
authors.forename: Adriane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Jefferson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fagundes Loss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001416:Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D040941:Heredity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011187:Posture; D015995:Prevalence; D016730:Program Development; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires