title: Learning styles of postgraduate and undergraduate medical students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare learning styles of undergraduate and postgraduate medical students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational, comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Medical Education, Army Medical College, NUST, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, during February and March 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 170 students were divided into two equal groups of undergraduate students of Army Medical College, and postgraduate students of Armed Forces Post Graduate Medical Institute, Rawalpindi. Learning Style Questionnaire (LSQ) was used to assess and categorize the participants into Honey and Mumford classification of learning styles. The responses of each student ranging from 'very strong,' 'strong', 'moderate', and 'low' preference towards activist, theorist, reflector and pragmatist learning styles were compiled. The two groups were compared using SPSS version 17, using Fisher's exact test and the chi-square test. A p-value of $lt; 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preferences for all four learning styles were present in both groups. The results reveal an overall statistically significant difference in the 'very strong' preference in learning styles between the two study groups (p=0.002). Among the undergraduate students, 45% had a very strong preference for being an activist, whereas in postgraduate students, 38% had very strong preference for reflector, and 35% for theorist. This was statistically significant for activist, and reflector, and attained a p-value of < 0.001, for activist, and of 0.018 for reflector. The most uncommon 'very strong', and 'strong preference' for learning style was pragmatist in both undergraduate and postgraduate students.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diversity of learning styles at undergraduate and postgraduate level of medical education calls for multiplicity of instructional and assessment modalities to match them. The learning styles amongst the undergraduate medical students are different from the postgraduates. The postgraduates commonly have the reflector learning style while the undergraduates are predominantly activists and theorists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Postgraduate Medical Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shukr
authors.forename: Roop
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zainab
authors.forename: Mowadat H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D017145:Models, Educational; D010154:Pakistan; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*