title: A meta-analysis of core stability exercise versus general exercise for chronic low back pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the effects of core stability exercise or general exercise for patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Exercise therapy appears to be effective at decreasing pain and improving function for patients with chronic LBP in practice guidelines. Core stability exercise is becoming increasingly popular for LBP. However, it is currently unknown whether core stability exercise produces more beneficial effects than general exercise in patients with chronic LBP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published articles from 1970 to October 2011 were identified using electronic searches. For this meta-analysis, two reviewers independently selected relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating core stability exercise versus general exercise for the treatment of patients with chronic LBP. Data were extracted independently by the same two individuals who selected the studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 28 potentially relevant trials, a total of 5 trials involving 414 participants were included in the current analysis. The pooling revealed that core stability exercise was better than general exercise for reducing pain [mean difference (-1.29); 95% confidence interval (-2.47, -0.11); P = 0.003] and disability [mean difference (-7.14); 95% confidence interval (-11.64, -2.65); P = 0.002] at the time of the short-term follow-up. However, no significant differences were observed between core stability exercise and general exercise in reducing pain at 6 months [mean difference (-0.50); 95% confidence interval (-1.36, 0.36); P = 0.26] and 12 months [mean difference (-0.32); 95% confidence interval (-0.87, 0.23); P = 0.25].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to general exercise, core stability exercise is more effective in decreasing pain and may improve physical function in patients with chronic LBP in the short term. However, no significant long-term differences in pain severity were observed between patients who engaged in core stability exercise versus those who engaged in general exercise.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO PROSPERO registration number: CRD42011001717.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jie-Jiao
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Zhuo-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Shu-Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Ying-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mao-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Hai-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Guo-Hui
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Pei-Jie
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy*; D017594:Publication Bias; D016896:Treatment Outcome