title: [Iodine and thyroid gland with or without nuclear catastrophe].
abstract: Iodine, as a trace element, is a necessary and limiting substrate for thyroid gland hormone synthesis. It is an essential element that enables the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones and Iodine Metabolism. Three iodine molecules are added to make triiodothyronine, and four for thyroxine - the two key hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency The proper daily amount of iodine is required for optimal thyroid function. Iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, developmental brain disorders and goiter. Iodine deficiency is the single most common cause of preventable mental retardation and brain damage in the world. It also decreases child survival, causes goiters, and impairs growth and development. Iodine deficiency disorders in pregnant women cause miscarriages, stillbirths, and other complications. Children with iodine deficiency disorders can grow up stunted, apathetic, mentally retarded, and incapable of normal movements, speech or hearing. Excessive Iodine Intake. Excessive iodine intake, which can trigger a utoimmune thyroid disease and dysfunction. is on the other side. Iodine use in Case of Nuclear Catastrophe. In addition to other severe consuquences of radioactivity, high amount of radioactive iodine causes significant increase in incidence of thyroid gland carcinoma after some of the nuclear catastrophes (Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Chernobyl, Fukushima). The incidence of thyroid carcinoma was increased mostly in children. This paper was aimed at clarifying some of the possibilities of prevention according to the recommendations given by the World Health Organization.
authors.affiliation: Klinicki centar Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Klinika za endokrinologiju, dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma, Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad. Drdjilas@eunet.rs
authors.forename: Ljiljana Todorović
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Dilas
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bajkin
authors.forename: Tijana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Icin
authors.forename: Jovanka Novaković
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Paro
authors.forename: Branka Kovacev
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Zavisić
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007455:Iodine / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000502:physiology*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007455:Iodine