title: Spatial and temporal gene expression differences in core and periinfarct areas in experimental stroke: a microarray analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A large number of genes are regulated to promote brain repair following stroke. The thorough analysis of this process can help identify new markers and develop therapeutic strategies. This study analyzes gene expression following experimental stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A microarray study of gene expression in the core, periinfarct and contralateral cortex was performed in adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 60) after 24 hours (acute phase) or 3 days (delayed stage) of permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Independent qRT-PCR validation (n = 12) was performed for 22 of the genes. Functional data were evaluated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The number of genes differentially expressed was 2,612 (24 h) and 5,717 (3 d) in the core; and 3,505 (24 h) and 1,686 (3 d) in the periinfarct area (logFC>|1|; adjP<0.05). Expression of many neurovascular unit development genes was altered at 24 h and 3 d including HES2, OLIG2, LINGO1 and NOGO-A; chemokines like CXCL1 and CXCL12, stress-response genes like HIF-1A, and trophic factors like BDNF or BMP4. Nearly half of the detected genes (43%) had not been associated with stroke previously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This comprehensive study of gene regulation in the core and periinfarct areas at different times following permanent MCA occlusion provides new data that can be helpful in translational research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramos-Cejudo
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Fernández
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Frutos
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Expósito Alcaide
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Cabo
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dopazo
authors.forename: Exuperio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Díez-Tejedor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D059467:Transcriptome