title: Application of whole sediment toxicity identification evaluation procedures to road dust using a benthic ostracod Heterocypris incongruens.
abstract: Road dust is considered to be an important source of sediment contamination in receiving water bodies; however, few studies have evaluated the toxicity of road dust to benthic organisms. This study evaluated the toxicity of road dust to a benthic ostracod, Heterocypris incongruens, using a six-day direct exposure experiment. We applied whole sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) methods to identify the primary group of toxicants in road dust. Three road dust samples from Tokyo caused high ostracod mortality. The addition of hydrophobic adsorbents, Ambersorb and XAD, eliminated toxicity in all samples, suggesting that hydrophobic compounds were the main toxicants in road dust samples. A cation exchange resin, Chelex, also reduced the toxicity of two samples, although the measured concentrations of dissolved heavy metals in the test solution did not exceed the LC(50) values in the literature. In addition, the sum of toxic unit (TU=measured concentration/LC(50)) of each individual metal which predicts the toxicity of the metal mixtures did not exceed 1.0 in all samples, suggesting that heavy metal mixtures did not have additive effects. We hypothesized that the toxicity reduction by XAD and Chelex was due to the removal of hydrophobic compounds, rather than heavy metals. Thus, a toxicity test was conducted on fractions eluted with organic solvents from the XAD and Chelex recovered from one of the road dust samples. Methanol-eluted fractions of XAD and Chelex showed 100 percent ostracod mortality, indicating that the hydrophobic organic compounds removed by these adsorbents were the principal toxicants in the road dust sample.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan. watanabe.haruna@nies.go.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kasuga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furumai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003445:Crustacea / Q000187:drug effects*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D014041:Tokyo; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy