title: Materials for the active layer of organic photovoltaics: ternary solar cell approach.
abstract: Power conversion efficiencies in excess of 7% have been achieved with bulk heterojunction (BHJ)-type organic solar cells using two components: p- and n-doped materials. The energy level and absorption profile of the active layer can be tuned by introduction of an additional component. Careful design of the additional component is required to achieve optimal panchromatic absorption, suitable energy-level offset, balanced electron and hole mobility, and good light-harvesting efficiency. This article reviews the recent progress on ternary organic photovoltaic systems, including polymer/small molecule/functional fullerene, polymer/polymer/functional fullerene, small molecule/small molecule/functional fullerene, polymer/functional fullerene I/functional fullerene II, and polymer/quantum dot or metal/functional fullerene systems.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang Taipei, 115 Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yung-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chih-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Ryan Yeh-Yung
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kuo-Chuan
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Jiann T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004867:Equipment Design; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000737:chemistry; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D045663:Quantum Dots; D012993:Solar Energy
chemical_list: D037741:Fullerenes; D008670:Metals; D011108:Polymers