title: Morphology of the first-instar nymph and adult female of Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, with a comparison to K. vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae).
abstract: Thefirst-instar nymph and the adult female of Kermes echinatus Balachowsky (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae) are described and illustrated. This species is compared with Kermes vermilio Planchon, a morphologically similar species known in the Palaeractic region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, POB 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel  ; Department of Entomology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Malkie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spodek
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ben-Dov
keywords: Kermesidae; Quercus, evergreen oaks; Scale insect; morphology; red dye