title: Multiple sclerosis, an unlikely cause of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency: retrospective analysis of catheter venography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is unknown if a relationship exists between multiple sclerosis and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and if this venous pathology is a causal factor for multiple sclerosis or is a product of a neurological disease. Even so, one should expect that if multiple sclerosis were the cause for venous lesions, then patients with an extended history of the disease would present with a more severe venous pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of catheter venography of the azygous and internal jugular veins, and duration of clinical history of the disease in multiple sclerosis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mono-profile specialist hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  353 multiple sclerosis patients, with duration of the disease: 0.5-41 years (median: 10 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed statistical analysis of the correlations between the duration of multiple sclerosis and the degree and number of venous lesions revealed using catheter venography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed weak, statistically insignificant correlations between the severity of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and the duration of multiple sclerosis. For the cumulated scores of venous lesions, Spearman and Kendall's tau correlation coefficients were 0.03 and 0.02, respectively; for maximal scores of venous lesions, coefficients were 0.06 and 0.05, while for the number of diseased veins they were 0.007 and 0.006, respectively. Consequently, this analysis did not yield any data supporting the idea that MS is the cause of venous lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our survey indicated that venous malformations are most likely congenital, and multiple sclerosis had no significant impact on the development of venous pathology.
authors.affiliation: Euromedic Specialist Clinics, Department of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery ,  Katowice ,  Poland.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simka
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ludyga
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazibudzki
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Latacz
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swierad