title: Clinical manifestations and natural history of diabetic kidney disease.
abstract: Renal failure in type 2 diabetes has been termed "a medical catastrophe of worldwide dimension". In 2001, we found in our unit that 49% of incident patients requiring maintenance hemodialysis had diabetes (i.e. 98/million population/year), 6% of whom had type 1 and most (94%) had type 2 diabetes, i.e. more than the than reported frequency in Germany (approximately 35% of incident patients). The frequency is underestimated because hyperglycemia is often lost in the preterminal phase when diabetic patients lose weight and fasting hyperglycemia.
authors.affiliation: University of Heidelberg, Nierenzentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. bueroritz@gmx.de
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ritz
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D054539:Medication Therapy Management; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior