title: Brain state-triggered stimulus delivery: An efficient tool for probing ongoing brain activity.
abstract: What is the relationship between variability in ongoing brain activityprecedinga sensory stimulus and subsequent perception of that stimulus? A challenge in the study of this key topic in systems neuroscience is the relative rarity of certain brain 'states'-left to chance, they may seldom align with sensory presentation. We developed a novel method for studying the influence of targeted brain states on subsequent perceptual performance by online identification of spatiotemporal brain activity patterns of interest, and brain-state triggered presentation of subsequent stimuli. This general method was applied to an electroencephalography study of human auditory selective listening. We obtained online, time-varying estimates of the instantaneous direction of neural bias (towards processing left or right ear sounds). Detection of target sounds was influenced by pre-target fluctuations in neural bias, within and across trials. We propose that brain state-triggered stimulus delivery will enable efficient, statistically tractable studies of rare patterns of ongoing activity in single neurons and distributed neural circuits, and their influence on subsequent behavioral and neural responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland ; Brain Research Unit, Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, MA, USA.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Andermann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kauramäki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palomäki
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hari
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Jääskeläinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sams
keywords: auditory; brain-computer interface; online; prestimulus; spontaneous activity