title: Earle's balanced salts solution and rapamycin differentially regulate the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced maturation of human dendritic cells.
abstract: Autophagy has been shown to enhance the efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine by increasing the peptide presentation of dendritic cells (DCs). Earle's balanced salts solution (EBSS) is a saline solution with physiological pH which is often used to induce autophagy, while rapamycin is a pharmacological reagent used for autophagy induction. In the present study, we studied the effect of EBSS and rapamycin on the maturation of DCs infected with BCG. The phenotype and function of the DCs were assessed by measuring the expression of CD86 and HLA-DR and the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-12p40. Autophagy was evaluated by the level of LC3-II, a molecular marker for autophagy. Following the stimulation of autophagy by EBSS, the DCs that matured in the presence of BCG showed enhanced CD86 and HLA-DR expression and increased IL-12p40 and TNF-α production. In contrast, following the stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin, the DCs that matured in the presence of BCG showed decreased expression of CD86 and reduced production of IL-12p40 and TNF-α. These results demonstrated that EBSS and rapamycin differentially regulate the BCG-induced maturation of human DCs. This suggests that EBSS could contribute to an enhanced adaptive immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whereas rapamycin, as an immune depressor, may decrease the adaptive immune response against M. tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering,  Institute of Genetics,  Fudan University, Shanghai 200433,  China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Wenxi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Honghai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D001343:Autophagy; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012492:Salts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D020123:Sirolimus