title: Genetic polymorphisms of Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd systems in a population from the State of Paraná, southern Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Red blood group genes are highly polymorphic and the distribution of alleles varies among different populations and ethnic groups.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate allele polymorphisms of the Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd blood group systems in a population of the State of Paraná
  
  
  METHODS
  Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd blood group polymorphisms were evaluated in 400 unrelated blood or bone marrow donors from the northwestern region of Paraná State between September 2008 and October 2009. The following techniques were used: multiplex-polymerase chain reaction genotyping for the identification of the RHD gene and RHCE*C/c genotype; allele-specific polymerase chain reaction for the RHDψ and restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction for the RHCE*E/e, KEL, FY-GATA and JK alleles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These techniques enabled the evaluation of the frequencies of Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd polymorphisms in the population studied, which were compared to frequencies in two populations from the eastern region of São Paulo State.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RHCE*c/c, FY*A/FY*B, GATA-33 T/T, JK*B/JK*B genotypes were more prevalent in the population from Paraná, while RHCE*C/c, FY*B/FY*B, GATA-33 C/C, JK*A/JK*B genotypes were more common in the populations from São Paulo.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Maringá UEM, Maringá (PR), Brazil.
authors.forename: Gláucia Andréia Soares
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Guelsin
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castilho
authors.forename: Viviane Lika
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Fabiano Cavalcante
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.forename: Margareth Naomi
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Loide Souza
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Hirle
authors.forename: Jeane Eliete Laguila
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Visentainer
keywords: Blood group; Brazil; Genotype; Polymorphism, genetic