title: Evidence of ongoing replication in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 persistently infected cell line.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) persistently infected cell lines are characterized by the continuous viral production without cytopathic effect. However, it is not completely clear if this production is contributed only by viral transcription or also by new cycles of viral replication. We studied an HIV-1 persistently infected cell line, designated H61-D, providing evidence of new replication cycles as sustained by: (i) a decrease in viral production, measured by p24 protein, after treatment of the culture with 3'-azydo-3'-deoxythymydine; (ii) detection of new integration events in the course of cell culture, and (iii) finding of two-long-terminal repeat circles in the cells. H61-D cells were not infected by cell-free virus, but infection was possible by co-culture with another productive-infected cell line. In conclusion, ongoing viral replication is taking place in H61-D persistent cells and new infections are mediated by a cell-to-cell spread mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Virologia Molecular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Virologia Molecular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Virologia Molecular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Catarina Reis
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Virologia Molecular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Toledano
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Virologia Molecular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Rivas
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Virologia Molecular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cecilio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Galíndez
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016662:Virus Integration; D014779:Virus Replication; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D015215:Zidovudine