title: Is phonophoresis effective in the treatment of chronic low back pain? A single-blind randomized controlled trial.
abstract: The aim of this trial is to investigate and compare the effects of phonophoresis (PP) and ultrasound (US) therapy on pain, disability, trunk muscle strength, walking performance, spinal mobility, quality of life (QOL), and depression in the patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). A total of 60 patients with definite CLBP were included in this study. The patients were randomized into three groups. Group 1 (n = 20) was accepted as the control group and was given only exercises. Group 2 (n = 20) received US treatment and exercises. Group 3 (n = 20) received PP and exercises. All of the programs were performed 3 days a week, for 6 weeks. The pain (visual analog scale, VAS), disability (Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, ODQ and pain disability index, PDI), walking performance (6 min walking test, 6MWT), depression (Beck Depression Inventory scores, BDI), and QOL (Short Form 36, SF-36) of all participants were evaluated. The trunk muscle strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer. All of the groups showed statistically significant improvements in pain, disability, muscle strength, endurance, 6MWT, mobility, QOL, and depression. The intergroup comparison showed significant differences in VAS pain, 6MWT, and EMS, among three groups. These differences were statistically significant in groups 2 and 3 compared with the group 1. The intergroup comparison showed significant difference in pain, physical function, and energy subgroups of SF-36. The differences were statistically in group 3 compared with group 1 and 2. We observed that US and PP treatments were effective in the treatment of patients with CLBP but PP was not found to be superior over ultrasound therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. drdilekdurmus@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Durmus
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alayli
authors.forename: Ahmet Salim
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Goktepe
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Taskaynatan
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bilgici
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kuru
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D015612:Phonophoresis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013131:Spine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D002211:Capsaicin