title: Barriers to exercise in people with Parkinson disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exercise is known to reduce disability and improve quality of life in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Although barriers to exercise have been studied in older adults, barriers in people with chronic progressive neurological diseases, such as PD, are not well defined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify perceived barriers to exercise in people with PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study had a cross-sectional design.
  
  
  METHODS
  People who had PD, dwelled in the community, and were at stage 2.4 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale participated in this cross-sectional study (N=260; mean age=67.7 years). Participants were divided into an exercise group (n=164) and a nonexercise group (n=96). Participants self-administered the barriers subscale of the Physical Fitness and Exercise Activity Levels of Older Adults Scale, endorsing or denying specific barriers to exercise participation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the contribution of each barrier to exercise behavior, and odds ratios were reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three barriers were retained in the multivariate regression model. The nonexercise group had significantly greater odds of endorsing low outcome expectation (ie, the participants did not expect to derive benefit from exercise) (odds ratio [OR]=3.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.08-7.42), lack of time (OR=3.36, 95% CI=1.55-7.29), and fear of falling (OR=2.35, 95% CI=1.17-4.71) than the exercise group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cross-sectional nature of this study limited the ability to make causal inferences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low outcome expectation from exercise, lack of time to exercise, and fear of falling appear to be important perceived barriers to engaging in exercise in people who have PD, are ambulatory, and dwell in the community. These may be important issues for physical therapists to target in people who have PD and do not exercise regularly. The efficacy of intervention strategies to facilitate exercise adherence in people with PD requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA. tellis@bu.edu
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Boudreau
authors.forename: Tamara R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: DeAngelis
authors.forename: Lisa E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cavanaugh
authors.forename: Gammon M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Earhart
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: K Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Foreman
authors.forename: Leland E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Dibble
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000534:rehabilitation*