title: Remote monitoring of pain and symptoms using wireless technology in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine (a) symptoms, (b) pain characteristics (intensity, location, quality), (c) pain medications and nonpharmacological strategies used for pain, (d) thoughts and feelings, and (e) healthcare visits. We also examined the relationship between pain and sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain and symptoms were entered on an electronic e-Diary using a smartphone and were remotely monitored by an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN). Sixty-seven children and adolescents (10-17 years) reported mild to severe pain at home that did not require healthcare visits. Symptoms reported were (a) general symptoms such as tiredness/fatigue (34.7%), headache (20.8%), yellowing of the eyes (28.4%); (b) respiratory symptoms such as sniffling (32.9%), coughing (19.1%), changes in breathing (10.0%); and (c) musculoskeletal symptoms such as stiffness in joints (15.8%). A significant negative correlation was found between pain and sleep (r = -.387, p = .024). Factors that predict pain included previous history of sickle cell disease (SCD) related events, symptoms, and negative thoughts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain and multiple symptoms entered on a web-based e-Diary were remotely monitored by an APRN and prompted communications, further evaluation, and recommendations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remote monitoring using wireless technology may facilitate timely management of pain and symptoms and minimize negative consequences in SCD.
authors.affiliation: University of California Los Angeles School of Nursing, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ejacob@sonnet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Eufemia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stinson
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Lonnie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeltzer
mesh_terms: D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D040421:Cell Phone; D002648:Child; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D059015:Wireless Technology