title: Perspectives of hyperpolarized noble gas MRI beyond 3He.
abstract: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies with hyperpolarized (hp) noble gases are at an exciting interface between physics, chemistry, materials science and biomedical sciences. This paper intends to provide a brief overview and outlook of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hp noble gases other than hp (3)He. A particular focus are the many intriguing experiments with (129)Xe, some of which have already matured to useful MRI protocols, while others display high potential for future MRI applications. Quite naturally for MRI applications the major usage so far has been for biomedical research but perspectives for engineering and materials science studies are also provided. In addition, the prospects for surface sensitive contrast with hp (83)Kr MRI is discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham, School of Clinical Sciences, Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David M L
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lilburn
authors.forename: Galina E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Pavlovskaya
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meersmann
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion; D006371:Helium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007726:Krypton; D007727:Krypton Radioisotopes; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005741:Noble Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D014978:Xenon / Q000737:chemistry; D014979:Xenon Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007727:Krypton Radioisotopes; D005741:Noble Gases; D014979:Xenon Isotopes; D006371:Helium; D014978:Xenon; D007726:Krypton