title: Assessing the possible radiological impact of routine radiological discharges from proposed nuclear power stations in England and Wales.
abstract: The aim of this work is to assess the possible radiological impact on the population of the United Kingdom (UK) from new nuclear power stations proposed for up to eight sites in England and Wales. The radiological impact was measured in terms of collective dose to the UK, European and world populations from a single year's discharge integrated to 500 and 100 000 years and the annual dose to an average member of the UK population (known as the per-caput dose). The doses were calculated for two reactor types, UK EPR™ and AP1000™, using the annual expected discharges estimated by the designers of the reactors and assuming two reactors per site. In addition, typical individual doses to adults living close to the sites were calculated on the basis of continuous discharges for 60 years (the assumed lifetime of the reactors). The dose to a representative person (previously known as the critical group) was not calculated, as this has been done elsewhere. The assessments were carried out using the software program PC-CREAM 08(®) which implements the updated European Commission methodology for assessing the radiological impact of routine releases of radionuclides to the environment. The collective dose truncated to 500 years to the UK population was estimated to be 0.5 manSv assuming UK EPR reactors on all sites and 0.6 manSv assuming AP1000s on three sites with UK EPRs on the other sites. The most significant contribution to the collective dose to the UK population is due to the global circulation of carbon-14 released to the atmosphere. The annual dose to an average member of the UK population from all sites was calculated to be around 10 nSv y(-1) and would therefore contribute little to an individual's total radiation dose. All the calculated doses to a typical adult living near the sites assuming continuous discharges for 60 years were found to be below 1 μSv y(-1).
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Agency, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK. alison.jones@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ewers
authors.forename: Tiberio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cabianca
mesh_terms: D000398:Air Pollution, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001822:Body Burden; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004739:England; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D055848:Nuclear Power Plants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011850:Radioactive Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014852:Wales
chemical_list: D011850:Radioactive Waste; D011868:Radioisotopes