title: Altered relationship between MMP-8 and TIMP-2 in gingival crevicular fluid in adolescents with Down's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periodontitis is more frequently found in subjects with Down's syndrome. The aim was to investigate whether the relationship between MMPs and TIMPs) in the gingival crevicular fluid of subjects with Down's syndrome is altered compared with controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one adolescents with Down's syndrome and gingivitis (DS-G), 12 subjects with Down's syndrome and periodontitis (DS-P), 26 controls with gingivitis (HC-G) and eight controls with periodontitis (HC-P) were clinically examined. All patients were between 11 and 20 years of age. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from each subject and the concentrations of MMPs (2, 3, 8, 9 and 13) and TIMPs (1, 2 and 3) (expressed as pg/μL adjusted for volume of gingival crevicular fluid) were determined using multianalyte kits from R&D Systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in gingival crevicular fluid were significantly higher (p < 0.005) in the DS-G group compared with the HC-G group. The correlation coefficient between MMP-8 and TIMP-2 differed significantly (p = 0.006) between the DS-G group and the HC-G group. On the contrary, the correlation coefficients between MMPs and TIMPs did not differ significantly between the DS-P group and the HC-P group. However, the DS-P group exhibited a significantly lower concentration of TIMP-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid compared with the HC-P group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Down's syndrome subjects with gingivitis exhibit higher concentrations of MMPs in gingival crevicular fluid with an altered relationship between MMP-8 and TIMP-2, which might impair the periodontal tissue turnover.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsilingaridis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yucel-Lindberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Modéer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000032:analysis; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000032:analysis*; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; C088390:TIMP3 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; C511768:MMP3 protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C488762:MMP8 protein, human; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Down's syndrome; gingival crevicular fluid; matrix metalloproteinases; periodontal disease