title: Excessive gingival display: treatment by a modified lip repositioning technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this prospective study was to investigate outcomes of a lip repositioning technique for the treatment of excessive gingival display.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen consecutively treated patients with excessive gingival display were treated with a modified lip repositioning technique. Treatment consisted of the removal of two strips of mucosa, bilaterally to the maxillary labial frenum and coronal repositioning of the new mucosal margin. The clinical dimensions of gingival display, upper lip and vermillion length were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-operatively. Subjects completed surveys to evaluate satisfaction with outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline gingival display of 5.8 ± 2.1 mm significantly decreased to 1.4 ± 1.0 mm at 3 months (p < 0.0001) and was maintained until 6 months (1.3 ± 1.6 mm). The reduction in gingival display strongly correlated to the combined change in upper lip and vermillion length (r(2)  = 0.60, p = 0.0018). Subjects were satisfied with their smile after surgery and would likely choose to undergo the procedure again (92%). The worst part of undergoing the procedure was the discomfort or the inability to move the lip during the early healing (69%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of excessive gingival display by means of a modified lip repositioning technique results in high level of patient satisfaction and predictable outcomes that are stable in the short term.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, State University of Maringá /Ingá University, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. prof.cleversonsilva@gmail.com
authors.forename: Cléverson O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Noé V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Ribeiro-Júnior
authors.forename: Thiago V S
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Jefferson G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Dimitris N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Tatakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007742:Labial Frenum / Q000601:surgery; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012904:Smiling; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult