title: Haplotypes frequencies of CYP2B6 in Malaysia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drugs with complex pharmacology are used in the management of drug use disorder (DUD) and HIV/AIDS in Malaysia and in parts of South-East Asia. Their multiethnic populations suggest complexity due to the genetic polymorphism, such as CYP2B6 that metabolizes methadone and anti-retroviral.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to explore the genetic polymorphism of CYP2B6 among Malays, Chinese, Indians, and opiate-dependent individuals in Malaysia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study utilized DNA from our previous studies on CYPs and new recruitments from opiate-dependent individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the new recruitment, after obtaining consent and baseline demography, 5 ml blood was obtained from patients attending methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) Clinics. Genomic DNA was extracted using standard methods. 10 nucleotide changes associated with CYP2B6*10, CYP2B6*2, CYP2B6*17, CYP2B6*11, CYP2B6*8, CYP2B6*14, CYP2B6*9, CYP2B6*4, CYP2B6*6, CYP2B6*27, and CYP2B6*20 were determined using multiplex nested allele-specific PCR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic data. Differences in allele frequencies between populations were tested using Chi-squared test and were corrected using the Bonferroni test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CYP2B6 polymorphism in Malaysia is variable with trends that suggest an ethnic difference. Reduced activity CYP2B6*6 occurred in 13% to 26% among Malays, Chinese, Indians and opiate-dependent individuals. Another 'reduced activity', CYP2B6*2 allele, was found at much lower percentages in the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relative commonness of reduced-activity CYP2B6 alleles in our study called for attention in terms of dosage requirements for MMT and ARV in Malaysia. It also implored follow-up association studies to determine its relevance and consequences in personalized medicine for drug use disorder and HIV/AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), School of Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Zulkafli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Talib
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fauzi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D065702:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585599:CYP2B6 protein, human; D065702:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; D008691:Methadone