title: Multilocus phylogeography (mitochondrial, autosomal and Z-chromosomal loci) and genetic consequence of long-distance male dispersal in Black-throated tits (Aegithalos concinnus).
abstract: Multilocus data from the different genomes are essential to understand the phylogeographic history of species, particularly when a species has the male-biased dispersal pattern. Although Black-throated tits (Aegithalos concinnus) are socially monogamous and cooperatively breeding birds, limited observational data suggested that males may have the ability of long-distance dispersal. We have previously detected three highly supported mitochondrial populations within two subspecies of Black-throated tits (A. c. concinnus and A. c. talifuensis). Here, we used several genetic markers with different inheritance patterns to gain insights about their phylogeographic history. Phylogenetic and individual-based Bayesian analysis showed weak geographical structure amongst nuclear sequences (autosomal and Z-chromosomal loci). Coalescent analysis revealed high levels of gene flow among mitochondrial populations, even between allopatric populations. These results strongly suggested that male-biased gene flow was responsible for the discordant cytonuclear phylogeographic patterns. Consistent with expectation on the genetic consequence of long-distance male dispersal, mantel tests revealed a significant pattern of isolation by distance for mitochondrial sequences, but failed to provide a similar pattern for nuclear genes within a continuous population; female Black-throated tits showed a stronger but not significantly different relationship of isolation by distance than males when using mitochondrial DNA alone. We discussed the contribution of male juveniles with delayed dispersal to the non-significantly different IBD patterns between sexes. Our results using multilocus genetic data revealed aspects of the complex evolutionary history of Black-throated tits and the important role of long-distance male dispersal in the population structuring.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D005260:Female; D051456:Gene Flow; D016654:Genes, RAG-1; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics; D012730:Sex Chromosomes
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D011973:Receptors, LDL