title: Personality types in childhood: relations to latent trajectory classes of problem behavior and overreactive parenting across the transition into adolescence.
abstract: This study investigated relations among children's personality types, trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems, and overreactive parenting across 6 years. Latent Class Analysis of the Big 5 personality dimensions (modeled as latent factors, based on mother, father and teacher reports) for 429 children (mean age 8 years at Time 1) replicated the Resilient, Under-, and Overcontroller types. Latent Class Growth Analysis of externalizing and internalizing problems (modeled as latent factors, based on mother and father reports), revealed that Undercontrollers were at greater risk of belonging to a high/decreasing externalizing problem class and a high/stable co-occurring problem class than were Resilients. Overcontrollers were more likely to be in a high/stable internalizing class and less likely to be in the externalizing problem class, but only at low levels of parental overreactivity. Undercontrollers appeared at double risk as they were at risk for high overreactive parenting, which was an independent risk-factor for the elevated problem trajectories. Because childhood personality types were a risk factor for adjustment problems that persisted into adolescence, Under- and Overcontrollers might be considered as a target for early intervention, with a focus on overreactive parenting for Undercontrollers specifically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.l.vandenakker@uu.nl
authors.forename: Alithe L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Van den Akker
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deković
authors.forename: Jessica J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Asscher
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Shiner
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prinzie
mesh_terms: D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002605:Character; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011627:Puberty / Q000523:psychology*; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors