title: Immunological Interactive Effects between Pollen Grains and Their Cytoplasmic Granules on Brown Norway Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  : Grass pollen is one of the most important aeroallergen vectors in Europe. Under some meteorological factors, pollen grains can release pollen cytoplasmic granules (PCGs). PCGs induce allergic responses. Several studies have shown that during a period of thunderstorms the number of patients with asthma increases because of higher airborne concentrations of PCGs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  : The aims of the study were to assess the allergenicity of interactive effects between pollen and PCGs and to compare it with allergenicity of Timothy grass pollen and PCGs in Brown Norway rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Rats were sensitized (day 0) and challenged (day 21) with pollen grains and/or PCGs. Four groups were studied: pollen-pollen (PP), PCGs-PCGs (GG), pollen-PCGs (PG), and PCGs-pollen (GP). Blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and bronchial lymph node were collected at day 25. IgE and IgG1 levels in sera were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Alveolar cells, protein, and cytokine concentrations were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. T-cell proliferation, in response to pollen or granules, was performed by lymph node assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Interactive effects between pollen and PCGs increased IgE and IgG1 levels when compared with those of the negative control. These increases were lower than those of the PP group but similar to the levels obtained by the GG group. Whatever was used in the sensitization and/or challenge phase, PCGs increased lymphocyte and Rantes levels compared with those of the pollen group. The interactive effects increased IL-1α and IL-1β compared with those of the PP and GG groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Immunologic interactive effects have been shown between pollen and PCGs. For humoral and cellular allergic responses, interactive effects between the 2 aeroallergenic sources used in this study seem to be influenced mainly by PCGs.
authors.affiliation: From the 1LECA-ESPCI, Paris, France; 2INERIS, Department of Experimental Toxicology, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; 3INSERM, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Oussama R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Abou Chakra
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sutra
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rogerieux
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peltre
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sénéchal
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lacroix