title: Continued mechanical ventilation during coronary artery bypass graft operation attenuates the systemic immune response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is known to induce a short pro- and long-lasting anti-inflammatory immune response. The anti-inflammatory protein soluble ST2 (sST2) may be involved in the pathogenesis of postoperative immune dysfunction. We investigated whether continued mechanical ventilation during CPB has an impact on postoperative serum sST2 and cytokine release.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation were randomized into a ventilated on CPB (VG; n = 15) and non-ventilated on CPB group (NVG; n = 15). Blood samples were drawn at the beginning and at the end of surgery, and at the 5 consecutive days. sST2, IL-4, IL-10, IgM, IgG, IL-6 and endotoxin were measured by ELISA. Data are given as mean standard deviation (SD). A Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of sST2 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the NVG when compared with the VG at the first postoperative day (POD-1) [sST2 pg/ml: 1366.4 (433) (VG) vs 2296.3 (1795.5) (NVG) P = 0.029; IL-10 pg/ml: 10.7 (4.0) (VG) vs 15.4 (6.8) (NVG) P = 0.038]. In addition, the secretion of proinflammatory IL-6 was slightly reduced in the VG at POD-1 [IL-6 pg/ml: 83.1 (52.5) (VG) vs 110.2 (42.3) (NVG) P = 0.033]. IL-4, endotoxin, IgM and IgG showed no differences between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that continued mechanical ventilation during CABG attenuates inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses after CPB. Continued mechanical ventilation may have beneficial effects in the attenuation of the CPB-induced immune activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Lucian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szerafin
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitterbauer
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Debreceni
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maros
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dworschak
authors.forename: Georg A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Hendrik Jan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ankersmit
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
keywords: Cardiopulmonary bypass; Endotoxin; Heart surgery; Mechanical ventilation; Soluble ST2; Systemic immune response