title: Immediate loading of single implants inserted flapless with medium or high insertion torque: a 6-month follow-up of a split-mouth randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcome of immediately loaded single implants inserted with medium (from 25 to 35 Ncm) or high insertion torques (>80 Ncm).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients received two single non-adjacent implants, each randomly inserted flapless with a torque between 25 to 35 Ncm or >80 Ncm according to a split-mouth design. Non-occluding temporary crowns were immediately placed on provisional abutments and definitive crowns were delivered after 6 weeks. Patients were followed for 6 months after initial loading. Outcome measures were crown/implant failures, complications, peri-implant marginal bone level changes, postoperative pain and presence of peri-implant apical radiolucency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No drop-out occurred. Seven implants inserted with a torque between 25 to 35 Ncm failed versus none of the implants inserted with a torque >35 Ncm. With the exception of crown/implant failures (exact McNemar significance P = 0.0156, difference in proportions: -0.12; 95% CI -0.21 to -0.02) there were no statistically significant differences between groups for the other outcome measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is preferable to insert single implants with a high insertion torque (>80 Ncm), to minimise early implant failures, when loading them immediately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Implantology, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Gioacchino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cannizzaro
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viola
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gelpi
authors.forename: Gelpi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Federico
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000497:Alloys; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss; D003442:Crowns; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014025:Titanium; D019415:Torque; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium