title: The association between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors in children: a systematic review.
abstract: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and cardiometabolic risk in children and the effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk. We included 35 clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies that evaluated the relationship between 25OHD and blood pressure, lipid levels, insulin/glucose metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness. One randomized clinical trial that randomized adolescents to 2000 or 400 IU/d of vitamin D and found improvement in arterial stiffness in the high-dose group and worsening in the low-dose group. One cross-sectional study found no relationship between 25OHD and endothelial dysfunction. Of 12 cross-sectional studies, 10 found an inverse association between 25OHD and systolic blood pressure, although 2 trials found no relationship. There was no consistent association between 25OHD and lipid levels or insulin/glucose metabolism. Insufficient evidence was available to conclude that vitamin D supplementation yields cardiometabolic benefit.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27704, USA.
authors.forename: Diana H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dolinsky
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Caren
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mangarelli
authors.forename: Alex R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kemper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012306:Risk; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014807:Vitamin D; D005947:Glucose