title: Self-efficacy perspective on oral health behaviour and diabetes management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of toothbrushing self-efficacy (TBSE) in toothbrushing (TB) behaviour and diabetes management, measured in terms of HbA1c knowledge, quality of life, BMI, self-reported health and physical activity among Turkish type-II-diabetes (DM2) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pilot study using self-administered health questionnaires was conducted among a random sample of 60 patients (aged 40 to 70 years) in Istanbul, Turkey. The assessed variables were: TBSE, TB, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) knowledge, quality of life, BMI, self-reported health and physical activity. Descriptive statistics, frequency distributions, Pearson's correlation, the chi-square test and MANOVA were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half of the patients reported low TBSE (mean >= 53%). and TB once a day (54%). Most (77%) did not know their HA1C level and they were overweight (42%) and obese (32%). Almost half of the patients reported good quality of life (> mean, 55%), being physically active (51%) and in good health (mean < 46%). The patients reporting high levels of TBSE were more likely to know their HbA1c (OR= 10.5: 95%CI= 1.01-103.24) and to report better health (OR= 10.0: 95%CI = 1.80-55.63) and were less likely to be obese (OR= 0.16: 95%CI= 0.02-1.00) (P < 0.05). There was a strong correlation between TBSE and TB (rs = 0.61, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study underlines the need for TBSE-integrated common health promotion for oral health and DM2, considering the relation of TBSE, HbA1c, BMI and toothbrushing.
authors.affiliation: Oral Public Health Department, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. aci@sund.ku.dk
authors.forename: Ayse Basak
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Cinar
authors.forename: Inci
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oktay
authors.forename: Lone
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009909:Oral Health; D050177:Overweight; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012923:Social Class; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin