title: Precision of indirect bonding of lingual brackets using the Quick Modul System (QMS)®.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Almost all common laboratory procedures for lingual orthodontic appliances use indirect bonding of brackets via transfer trays. Ensuring precise transfer of these bracket positions to the oral cavity is especially important, as subsequent manual adjustments are challenging in lingual orthodontics and even minor errors of bracket placement may result in considerably deviating tooth positions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo the precision of indirect bonding of lingual brackets using the "Quick Modul System" (QMS®; Halbich Lingualtechnik, Berlin, Germany).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included eight consecutive patients treated with lingual brackets. After placing the brackets on a setup cast, the resultant positions were digitized with an optical scanner (OraScanner®; OraMetrix, Richardson, TX, USA). Individual transfer copings (QMS®) were used to transfer the brackets to the mouth, followed by intraoral scanning and virtual superimposition to analyze how much the intraoral bracket positions deviated from the positions on the cast.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Translational deviations added up to a mean transfer error of 0.12 mm in the mesiodistal, 0.13 mm in the orovestibular, and 0.10 mm in the vertical planes. Mean deviations in rotational directions amounted to 2.20° of inclination, 3.21° of angulation, and 2.29° of rotation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transfer system investigated in this study is capable of transferring bracket positions with good clinical precision. No differences between the bracket types and both modifications of the transfer copings were noted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. katharina.schubert@charite.de
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Halbich
authors.forename: Paul-Georg
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Jost-Brinkmann
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller-Hartwich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design / Q000379:methods*; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome