title: Photoprotective properties of the fluorescent europium complex in UV-irradiated skin.
abstract: In this study, we compared the UV-protective abilities of the europium complex compared to titanium dioxide, which represents the most common physical filter for ultraviolet light in the broad-band spectral range. The UV absorption and light transformative capacities of the europium complex were evaluated using a spectrometer with a double-integrating sphere showing that the europium complex does not only absorb and reflect UV light, but transforms it into red and infrared light. It was found that the europium complex binds to the surface of Jurkat cells in vitro. Cells incubated with the europium complex showed a significantly higher viability after UVA and UVB irradiation as compared to untreated cells and cells incubated with titanium dioxide pointing out its photoprotective properties. The europium complex and titanium dioxide show similar penetration capacities into the stratum corneum as tested in human and porcine skin using tape stripping analysis. The europium complex has proved to be an efficient UV filter with a low cyto- and phototoxic profile and therefore represents a potential candidate for use in sunscreen formulations.
authors.affiliation: Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lademann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rancan
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meinke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schanzer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stockfleth
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sterry
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lange-Asschenfeldt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005063:Europium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C009495:titanium dioxide; D005063:Europium; D014025:Titanium