title: Applicability of non-exhaustive extraction procedures with Tenax and HPCD.
abstract: Chemical extraction techniques like non-exhaustive extraction with Tenax or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) have been shown to measure the biodegradable fraction of aromatic contaminants like PAHs in soil. However, there is little research on the chemical prediction of aliphatic hydrocarbon degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for HPCD and Tenax extractions to predict PAH and petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation in soil. 11 historically contaminated soils with PAH concentrations between 74 and 680 mg/kg and concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons from 330 to 4,704 mg/kg were analysed. Both non-exhaustive extraction procedures showed promising results for estimating the available contaminant fraction of both contaminant groups concerning the feasibility, reproducibility and correlation with soil biodegradation applying single point testing. Both methods have the potential to be used to assess the biodegradable hydrophobic organic pollutant fraction in contaminated soils. In a direct comparison of the two extraction procedures, Tenax extraction is assessed to be more time-consuming than HPCD extraction. Furthermore, a sufficient soil/Tenax ratio has to be considered.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Derz
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kördel
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terytze
mesh_terms: D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D011108:Polymers; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; C010514:tenax
keywords: Bioavailability; Biodegradation; Cyclodextrin; PAHs; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Tenax(®)