title: A higher dosage of oral alendronate will increase the subsequent cancer risk of osteoporosis patients in Taiwan: a population-based cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy still exists regarding whether alendronate (ALN) use increases the risk of esophageal cancer or breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper explores the possible association between the use of oral ALN in osteoporosis patients and subsequent cancer risk using the National Health Insurance (NHI) system database of Taiwan with a Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis. The exposure cohort contained 5,624 osteoporosis patients used ALN and randomly frequency-matched by age and gender of 3 osteoporosis patients without any kind of anti-osteoporosis drugs in the same period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For a dose ≥ 1.0 g/year, the risk of developing overall cancer was significantly higher (hazard ratio: 1.69, 95% confidence ratio: 1.39-2.04) than in osteoporosis patients without any anti-osteoporosis drugs. The risks for developing liver, lung, and prostate cancers and lymphoma were also significantly higher than in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This population-based retrospective cohort study did not find a relationship between ALN use and either esophageal or breast cancer, but unexpectedly discovered that use of ALN with dose ≥ 1.0 g/year significantly increased risks of overall cancer incidence, as well as liver, lung, and prostate cancers and lymphoma. Further large population-based unbiased studies to enforce our findings are required before any confirmatory conclusion can be made.
authors.affiliation: China Medical University Hospital Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Yuan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Li-Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ming-Chia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ji-An
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Shih-Ni
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Fung-Chang
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Chih-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Muo
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019386:Alendronate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D019386:Alendronate