title: Association between anal function and therapeutic effect after preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by intersphincteric resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for rectal cancer improves local control, but can also induce severe anal dysfunction after surgery. The goal of the study was to assess the relationship of the therapeutic effect of CRT with anal function and prognosis after intersphincteric resection (ISR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 37 patients with lower rectal cancer who underwent ISR with preoperative CRT. The rectal cancer regression grade (RCRG) was quantified based on histologic features of surgical specimens. The relationships of RCRG with anal function (assessed by questionnaire) and incontinence (Wexner score) were examined at 12 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median Wexner scores at 12 months after stoma closure in RCRG1, -2, and -3 cases were 18.0, 7.5, and 4.5, respectively, and anal function differed significantly among these groups (p = 0.001). Four cases had local recurrence, but 5-year local recurrence rates did not differ significantly among the groups. The 5-year disease-free survival rates were 88.9, 50.8, and 50.0% and the 5-year overall survival rates were 100, 77.3, and 66.7% in RCRG1, -2, and -3 cases, respectively, with no significant differences among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative anal function is decreased when the effect of preoperative CRT is strong in patients treated with ISR.
authors.affiliation: Colorectal and Pelvic Surgery Division, Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugito
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires