title: Repressive effects of a capacitive-resistive electric transfer (CRet) hyperthermic apparatus combined with provitamin C on intracellular lipid-droplets formation in adipocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate inhibitory effects of L-ascorbic acid-2-O-phosphate-Na(2) (APS), a pro-vitamin C, combined with hyperthermia on adipogenic differentiation of mouse stromal cells, OP9.
  
  
  METHODS
  OP9 preadipocytes were differentiated with serum replacement, administered with APS, and simultaneously treated with hyperthermia using a capacitive-resistive electric transfer (CRet) apparatus, which was conducted repeatedly twice a day. After 2 days, intracellular lipid droplets were stained with Oil Red O, then observed by microscopy and assessed spectrophotometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After stimulation by serum replacement for 2 days, lipid droplets were accumulated surrounding nucleus of OP9 cells. When APS of 0.15-0.6 mM was administered without hyperthermia, the amount of lipid droplets was markedly suppressed to 50.5%∼-11.3% versus the undifferentiated control, and diminished huge aggregates of lipid droplets. In OP9 cells treated by hyperthermia at 42°C for 0.5 min, 1 min or 3 min in the absence of APS, adipogenesis was suppressed abruptly in a time-dependent manner to 95.4%, 18.7% or -5.5%, respectively. Whereas, the percentage of adipogenesis was 96.8% in OP9 cells treated by mild hyperthermia alone at 41°C for 1 min. The simultaneous application of APS and hyperthermia at 41°C for 1 min markedly suppressed the accumulation of lipid droplets to 25.7%∼-66.2%. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, the surface of OP9 cells treated with APS and hyperthermia appeared to have the morphological property of undifferentiated OP9 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined treatment of APS and mild hyperthermia suppresses adipogenesis in OP9 cells, particularly in lipid droplets accumulation during spontaneous differentiation of OP9 preadipocytes.
authors.affiliation: Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yasukazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miwa
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002460:Cell Line; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D017154:Stromal Cells
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; C011669:ascorbate-2-phosphate; D001205:Ascorbic Acid