title: S100A8 and S100A9-oxidant scavengers in inflammation.
abstract: S100A8 and S100A9 are generally considered proinflammatory. Hypohalous acids generated by activated phagocytes promote novel modifications in murine S100A8 but modifications to human S100A8 are undefined and there is no evidence that these proteins scavenge oxidants in human disease. Recombinant S100A8 was exquisitely sensitive to equimolar ratios of HOCl, which generated sulfinic and sulfonic acid intermediates and novel oxathiazolidine oxide/dioxide forms (mass additions, m/z +30 and +46) on the single Cys42 residue. Met78(O) and Trp54(+16) were also present. HOBr generated sulfonic acid intermediates and oxidized Trp54(+16). Evidence for oxidation of the single Cys3 residue in recS100A9 HOCl was weak; Met63, Met81, Met83, and Met94 were converted to Met(O) in vitro. Oxidized S100A8 was prominent in lungs from patients with asthma and significantly elevated in sputum compared to controls, whereas S100A8 and S100A9 were not significantly increased. Oxidized monomeric S100A8 was the major component in asthmatic sputum, and modifications, including the oxathiazolidine adducts, were similar to those generated by HOCl in vitro. Oxidized Met63, Met81, and Met94 were variously present in S100A9 from asthmatic sputum. Results have broad implications for conditions under which hypohalous acid oxidants are generated by activated phagocytes. Identification in human disease of the novel S100A8 Cys derivatives typical of those generated in vitro strongly supports the notion that S100A8 contributes to antioxidant defense during oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Lincoln H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Raftery
authors.forename: Wei Xing
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jesse D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Goyette
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Carolyn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Geczy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D040501:Calgranulin A; D040502:Calgranulin B; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D016877:Oxidants