title: Screening for impulse control symptoms in patients with de novo Parkinson disease: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency and correlates of impulse control and related behavior symptoms in patients with de novo, untreated Parkinson disease (PD) and healthy controls (HCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative is an international, multisite, case-control clinical study conducted at 21 academic movement disorders centers. Participants were recently diagnosed, untreated PD patients (n = 168) and HCs (n = 143). The outcome measures were presence of current impulse control and related behavior symptoms based on recommended cutoff points for the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease (QUIP)-Short Form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 311 participants with complete QUIP data. Frequencies of impulse control and related behavior symptoms for patients with PD vs HCs were as follows: gambling (1.2% vs. 0.7%), buying (3.0% vs. 2.1%), sexual behavior (4.2% vs. 3.5%), eating (7.1% vs. 10.5%), punding (4.8% vs. 2.1%), hobbyism (5.4% vs. 11.9%), walkabout (0.6% vs. 0.7%), and any impulse control or related behavior (18.5% vs. 20.3%). In multivariable models, a diagnosis of PD was not associated with symptoms of any impulse control or related behavior (p ≥ 0.10 in all cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PD itself does not seem to confer an increased risk for development of impulse control or related behavior symptoms, which further reinforces the reported association between PD medications and impulse control disorders in PD. Given that approximately 20% of patients with newly diagnosed PD report some impulse control or related behavior symptoms, long-term follow-up is needed to determine whether such patients are at increased risk for impulse control disorder development once PD medications are initiated.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. daniel.weintraub@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papay
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siderowf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D018450:Disease Progression; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012107:Research Design; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers