title: Combined subchronic toxicity of bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate on male rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the combined subchronic toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty 4-week-old male rats weighing 115-125 g were randomly divided into BPA-treated, DBP-treated group, BPA+DBP-treated and control groups and fed with a soy- and alfalfa-free diet containing 285.4 ppm BPA, 285.4 ppm DBP, 285.4 ppm BPA plus 285.4 ppm DBP, and a control diet, respectively, for 90 consecutive days. At the end of the study, the animals were sacrificed by exsanguination via the carotid artery under diethyl etherane aesthesia and weighed. Organs, including liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus, heart, brain, and testis underwent pathological examination. The androgen receptor (AR), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR), and progesterone hormone receptor (PR) genes from the hypothalamus were detected by real-time PCR. The biomedical parameters were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was found in food intake, body weight, tissue weight, organ/brain weight ratio, and biomedical parameters among the four groups (P>0.05). However, BPA and DBP up-regulated AR, PR and GNRHR expression levels in rats and showed a synergistic or an additive effect in the BPA+DBP group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined subchronic toxicity of BPA and DBP is synergistic or additive in male SD rats.
authors.affiliation: China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
authors.forename: Wen Zhong
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Xu Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yong Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds