title: Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of novel 4-acyloxypodophyllotoxin derivatives modified in the A and C rings as insecticidal agents.
abstract: In continuation of our program aimed at the discovery and development of natural-product-based insecticidal agents, we have synthesized three series of novel 4-acyloxy compounds derived from podophyllotoxin modified in the A and C rings, which is isolated as the main secondary metabolite from the roots and rhizomes of  Podophyllum hexandrum . Their insecticidal activity was preliminarily evaluated against the pre-third-instar larvae of  Mythimna separata  in vivo. Compound 9g displayed the best promising insecticidal activity. It revealed that cleavage of the 6,7-methylenedioxy group of podophyllotoxin will lead to a less active compound and that the C-4 position of podophyllotoxin was the important modification location. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed by genetic algorithm combined with multiple linear regression (GA-MLR). For this model, the squared correlation coefficient (R(2)) is 0.914, the leave-one-out cross-validation correlation coefficient (Q(2)(LOO)) is 0.881, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 0.024. Five descriptors, BEHm2, Mor14v, Wap, G1v, and RDF020e, are likely to influence the biological activity of these compounds. Among them, two important ones are BEHm2 and Mor14v. This study will pave the way for further design, structural modification, and development of podophyllotoxin derivatives as insecticidal agents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Design and Synthesis, College of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007306:Insecticides / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D007814:Larva; D009036:Moths; D011034:Podophyllotoxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011034:Podophyllotoxin