title: Clinicopathological significance of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism in breast cancer: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Transcriptional expression of the PAI-1 can be controlled by PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism. However, the significance of PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism in breast cancer patients is contentious. To address this controversy, we conducted a meta-analysis for the relationships between PAI-1 promoter polymorphism and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant published studies were identified using a search of PubMed, Embase, and the ISI Web of Science. The effect sizes of PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism on breast cancer risk, lymph node metastasis, histologic grade, and overall survival were calculated by odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio. The effect sizes were combined using a random-effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with 4G/4G genotype had a higher risk of breast cancer than those with the combined 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotypes (OR = 1.388; p = 0.031). Breast cancer patients with the 5G/5G genotype displayed lymph node metastasis more than patients with either the combined other genotypes (OR = 1.495; p = 0.027) or with the 4G/4G genotype (OR = 1.623; p = 0.018). However, the PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism was not associated with histological grade or overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism is associated with a relatively increased risk of breast cancer development and lymph node metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Younghye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young-Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human