title: No-touch intermittent catheterization: caregiver point of view on sterility errors, duration, comfort and costs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine which method of intermittent urinary catheterization, sterile with a catheterization-set or the no-touch method, offers the most advantages for caregivers in a hospital setting
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The no-touch catheter is assumed to decrease the risk for infection and increase the comfort for caregivers due to its construction, however, evidence is lacking
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-over experimental study was carried out from October until December 2009, 100 nurses and 71 nursing students participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Every participant had to catheterize as well according to the no-touch method as to the standard intermittent catheterization method. A randomization programme determined whether the subjects had to catheterize a male or female simulation model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analysis shows that nurses and nursing students appear to make on average two more errors with the sterile intermittent catheterization method with set than with the no-touch method. The duration of the no-touch method is 92 seconds less than the classical catheterization method. On a scale with 10 points for comfort, the classical sterile method with set scored on average two points lower than the no-touch method, as well for the nurses as for the students.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the classical method, both students and nurses spend less time on performing the no-touch method, less sterility errors are made and a higher score is assigned to the no-touch method. Also classical catheterization of men implies higher costs compared with the no-touch method. No-touch intermittent catheterization is thus expected to be preferred above the gold standard catheterization method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ghent University, Belgium. an-sofie.goessaert@uzgent.be
authors.forename: An-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Goessaert
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antoons
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Den Driessche
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tourchi
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pieters
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Everaert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D017028:Caregivers; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*
keywords: comfort; cost-analysis; cross-over design; intermittent urethral catheterization; no-touch method; nurses/nursing students; simulation model; sterility errors