title: Zirconia: cementation of prosthetic restorations. Literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of the work was to execute a review of the international literature about the cementation of zirconia restorations, analyzing the properties of the cements most commonly used in clinical activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was performed, through PubMed, a bibliographic search on the international literature of the last 10 years using the following limits: studies in English, in vitro studies, randomized clinical trial, reviews, meta-analysis, guide-lines. Were excluded from the search: descriptive studies, case reports, discussion articles, opinion's leader.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From studies results that common surface treatments (silanization, acid etching) are ineffective on zirconia because it has an inert surface without glassy component (on which this surface treatments act primarily), instead the sandblasting at 1atm with aluminium oxide (Al(2)O(3)) results significantly effective for the resulting roughening that increase the surface energy and the wettability of the material. Furthermore it has been shown that zinc phosphate-based cements, Bis-GMA-based and glass-ionomer cements can't guarantee a stable long-term adhesion, instead resin cements containing phosphate monomer 10-methacryloyloxyidecyl-dihyidrogenphosphate (MDP) have shown higher adhesion and stability values than the other cements. In particular, it has seen that bond strength of zirconia copings on dentin, using MDP-based cement, is about 6,9MPa; this value is comparable to that obtained with gold copings cementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ANALYZED STUDIES HAVE LED TO THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS: sandblasting with aluminium oxide (Al(2)O(3)) is the best surface treatment to improve adhesion between resin cements and zirconia; resin cements containing phosphate ester monomers 10-methacryloyloxyidecyl-dihyidrogenphosphate (MDP) have shown in the studies an higher bond strength and stability after ageing treatment; the best procedure for cementing zirconia restorations results the combination of sandblasting with aluminium oxide (Al(2)O(3)) at 50μm and MDP-based cements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontostomatological Sciences - University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gargari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gloria
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pujia
keywords: bond strength; bonding; luting; surface treatments; zirconia ceramic; zirconium oxide ceramic