title: Identification of two novel NPM1 mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic abnormalities in adult AML are caused most frequently by somatic mutations in exon 12 of the NPM1 gene, which is observed in approximately 35% of AML patients and up to 60% of patients with cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed mutational analysis, including fragment analysis and direct sequencing of exon 12 of the NPM1 gene, on 83 AML patients to characterize the NPM1 mutations completely.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, NPM1 mutations were identified in 19 (22.9%) of the 83 AML patients and in 12 (42.9%) of the 28 CN-AML patients. Among the 19 patients with NPM1 mutations, type A NPM1 mutations were identified in 16 (84.2%) patients, whereas non-A type NPM1 mutations were observed in 3 (15.8%) patients. Two of the 3 non-A type NPM1 mutations were novel: c.867_868insAAAC and c.869_873indelCTTTAGCCC. These 2 novel mutant proteins display a nuclear export signal motif (L-xxx-L-xx-V-x-L) less frequently and exhibit a mutation at tryptophan 290 that disrupts the nucleolar localization signal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that novel NPM1 mutations may be non-rare and that supplementary sequence analysis is needed along with conventional targeted mutational analysis to detect non-A types of NPM1 mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yongbum
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Seonyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seungman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: So Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ra
authors.forename: Sung Sup
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Moon-Woo
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Seong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D001483:Base Sequence; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C000716967:NPM1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000090243:Nucleophosmin
keywords: AML; NPM1; Nucleophosmin