title: Immediately loaded implants with or without abutments supporting fixed partial dentures: 1-year results from a prospective, randomized, clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate 1-year implant survival and marginal bone loss around implants that support fixed partial dentures loaded immediately or after 3 months, and effects from abutment usage.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this 2005 to 2009 randomized, parallel-group, clinical trial, 50 partially edentulous patients each received three Brånemark TiUnite™ implants (Nobel Biocare®, Göteborg, Sweden), mostly in the posterior maxilla. Two implants were fitted with abutments: a TiUnite™ surface and a machine-milled surface; the suprastructure was attached directly at implant level for the third implant. After randomized allocation, implants were immediately loaded with a fixed temporary bridge (test group) or left unloaded for 3 months (control group). A permanent fixed suprastructure replaced the temporary bridge after 6 months (test). Hard and soft tissues were examined during pretreatment and surgery plus 2 days, 14 days, 4 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1 year, four implants were lost in the test and two in the control groups (1-year survival rates of 94.9% [test] and 97.2% [control], with no significant intergroup difference). Resonance frequency analysis values indicated a similar pattern in both groups, with implant stability quotient (ISQ) reduction between 2 and 4 weeks. The test group had a significantly lower ISQ than the control group at these appointments. After 1 year, marginal bone losses around the implants were, on average, 1.32 mm (test, standard error of the mean [SEM] 0.08) and 1.24 mm (control, SEM 0.08), with no significant intergroup difference. Significantly larger marginal bone loss was observed at implants without abutment compared with implants with abutment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For both groups, this study showed similar implant survival rates and marginal bone loss. Larger bone loss was found at implants loaded without attached abutments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden; Department of Biomaterials, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Göthberg
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gröndahl
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ljungquist
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Slotte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000044:Dental Abutments; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013499:Surface Properties; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: bone; dental implants; dental prosthesis; jaw disease; osseointegration; rehabilitation