title: The University Münster Model Surgery System for Orthognathic Surgery. Part II -- KD-MMS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Model surgery is an integral part of the planning procedure in orthognathic surgery. Most concepts comprise cutting the dental cast off its socket. The standardized spacer plates of the KD-MMS provide for a non-destructive, reversible and reproducible means of maxillary and/or mandibular plaster cast separation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the course of development of the system various articulator types were evaluated with regard to their capability to provide a means of realizing the concepts comprised of the KD-MMS. Special attention was dedicated to the ability to perform three-dimensional displacements without cutting of plaster casts. Various utilities were developed to facilitate maxillary displacement in accordance to the planning. Objectives of this development comprised the ability to implement the values established in the course of two-dimensional ceph planning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The system - KD-MMS comprises a set of hardware components as well as a defined procedure. Essential hardware components are red spacer and blue mounting plates. The blue mounting plates replace the standard yellow SAM mounting elements. The red spacers provide for a defined leeway of 8 mm for three-dimensional movements. The non-destructive approach of the KD-MMS makes it possible to conduct different model surgeries with the same plaster casts as well as to restore the initial, pre-surgical situation at any time. Thereby, surgical protocol generation and gnathologic splint construction are facilitated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The KD-MMS hardware components in conjunction with the defined procedures are capable of increasing efficiency and accuracy of model surgery and splint construction. In cases where different surgical approaches need to be evaluated in the course of model surgery, a significant reduction of chair time may be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster 48149, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ehmer
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Joos
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ziebura
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flieger
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wiechmann
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003201:Computers; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D057909:Orthognathic Surgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014495:Universities