title: The role of organizational context and individual nurse characteristics in explaining variation in use of information technologies in evidence based practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is growing awareness of the role of information technology in evidence-based practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of organizational context and nurse characteristics in explaining variation in nurses' use of personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile Tablet PCs for accessing evidence-based information. The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) model provided the framework for studying the impact of providing nurses with PDA-supported, evidence-based practice resources, and for studying the organizational, technological, and human resource variables that impact nurses' use patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey design was used, involving baseline and follow-up questionnaires. The setting included 24 organizations representing three sectors: hospitals, long-term care (LTC) facilities, and community organizations (home care and public health). The sample consisted of 710 participants (response rate 58%) at Time 1, and 469 for whom both Time 1 and Time 2 follow-up data were obtained (response rate 66%). A hierarchical regression model (HLM) was used to evaluate the effect of predictors from all levels simultaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Chi square result indicated PDA users reported using their device more frequently than Tablet PC users (p = 0.001). Frequency of device use was explained by 'breadth of device functions' and PDA versus Tablet PC. Frequency of Best Practice Guideline use was explained by 'willingness to implement research,' 'structural and electronic resources,' 'organizational slack time,' 'breadth of device functions' (positive effects), and 'slack staff' (negative effect). Frequency of Nursing Plus database use was explained by 'culture,' 'structural and electronic resources,' and 'breadth of device functions' (positive effects), and 'slack staff' (negative). 'Organizational culture' (positive), 'breadth of device functions' (positive), and 'slack staff '(negative) were associated with frequency of Lexi/PEPID drug dictionary use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Access to PDAs and Tablet PCs supported nurses' self-reported use of information resources. Several of the organizational context variables and one individual nurse variable explained variation in the frequency of information resource use.
authors.affiliation: Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. diane.doran@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doran
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Estabrooks
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kushniruk
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dubrowski
authors.forename: Irmajean
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bajnok
authors.forename: Linda McGillis
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Mingyang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carryer
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jedras
authors.forename: Yu Qing Chris
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001292:Attitude to Computers; D002055:Burnout, Professional; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D007256:Information Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D015279:Organizational Culture; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors