title: Case of severe bone atrophy of the posterior maxilla rehabilitated with blocks of equine origin bone:  histological results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the histological outcomes of a case of bilateral severely resorbed posterior maxilla augmented with the use of blocks of enzymatically deantigenated equine bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  In conjunction with bilateral sinus lifts, blocks of enzymatically deantigenated equine bone were used bilaterally to augment the severely atrophic maxilla of a patient seeking a fixed implant-supported prosthesis. After 8 months, bone core samples were obtained from the augmentation sites and implants were placed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six months after implant placement, the peri-implant bone levels were maintained. A prosthesis delivered 3 months after implant placement provided excellent rehabilitation. Histological analysis of the bone cores revealed that the graft material was still undergoing remodeling, with newly formed vital bone in all fields and osteoclasts included in the mineralized component.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The deantigenated equine bone was biocompatible and resorbed only minimally. This material seems to offer excellent potential for being incorporated in a procedure that increases the width of edentulous alveolar crests.
authors.affiliation: Maxillo-facial Surgery Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pistilli
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Signorini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pisacane
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lizio
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Felice
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy; D001706:Biopsy; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003094:Collagen; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D064593:Heterografts; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C106416:Bio-Gide; C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008903:Minerals; D003094:Collagen