title: Efficient extraction method to collect sugar from sweet sorghum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sweet sorghum is a domesticated grass containing a sugar-rich juice that can be readily utilized for ethanol production. Most of the sugar is stored inside the cells of the stalk tissue and can be difficult to release, a necessary step before conventional fermentation. While this crop holds much promise as an arid land sugar source for biofuel production, a number of challenges must be overcome. One lies in the inherent labile nature of the sugars in the stalks leading to a short usable storage time. Also, collection of sugars from the sweet sorghum stalks is usually accomplished by mechanical squeezing, but generally does not collect all of the available sugars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this paper, we present two methods that address these challenges for utilization of sweet sorghum for biofuel production. The first method demonstrates a means to store sweet sorghum stalks in the field under semi-arid conditions. The second provides an efficient water extraction method that can collect as much of the available sugar as feasible. Operating parameters investigated include temperature, stalk size, and solid-liquid ratio that impact both the rate of sugar release and the maximal amount recovered with a goal of low water use. The most desirable conditions include 30°C, 0.6 ratio of solid to liquid (w/w), which collects 90 % of the available sugar. Variations in extraction methods did not alter the efficiency of the eventual ethanol fermentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The water extraction method has the potential to be used for sugar extraction from both fresh sweet sorghum stalks and dried ones. When combined with current sugar extraction methods, the overall ethanol production efficiency would increase compared to current field practices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. mriley3@unl.edu.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Jeerwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chawhuaymak
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zimmt
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ogden