title: Impact of biogas digesters on wood utilisation and self-reported back pain for women living on rural Kenyan smallholder dairy farms.
abstract: Women living on rural Kenyan dairy farms spend significant amounts of time collecting wood for cooking. Biogas digesters, which generate biogas for cooking from the anaerobic decomposition of livestock manure, are an alternative fuel source. The objective of this study was to quantify the quality of life and health benefits of installing biogas digesters on rural Kenyan dairy farms with respect to wood utilisation. Women from 62 farms (31 biogas farms and 31 referent farms) participated in interviews to determine reliance on wood and the impact of biogas digesters on this reliance. Self-reported back pain, time spent collecting wood and money spent on wood were significantly lower (p < 0.01) for the biogas group, compared to referent farms. Multivariable linear regression showed that wood consumption increased by 2 lbs/day for each additional family member living on a farm. For an average family of three people, the addition of one cow was associated with increased wood consumption by 1.0 lb/day on biogas farms but by 4.4 lbs/day on referent farms (significant interaction variable - likely due to additional hot water for cleaning milk collection equipment). Biogas digesters represent a potentially important technology that can reduce reliance on wood fuel and improve health for Kenyan dairy farmers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dohoo
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: VanLeeuwen
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Read Guernsey
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Critchley
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D056804:Biofuels / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D002417:Cattle; D003296:Cooking / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008372:Manure; D008875:Middle Aged; D011325:Prince Edward Island; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000293:injuries; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D008372:Manure