title: Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of cinnamaldehyde in C57BLKS/J db/db mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA), an active and major compound in cinnamon, on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in C57BLKS/J db/db mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen male C57BLKS db/db mice were randomly divided into control and CA treatment groups. CA was given (20 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1), p. o.) for 4 weeks. Pure water was given to control and db/+ mice. Subsequently, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin, triglyeride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and free fatty acids (FFA), as well as the mRNA content of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in adipose tissue, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) in skeletal muscle, and protein expressions of Akt, phospho-Akt (Thr308), AMPKalpha, phospho-AMPKalpha (Thr172) in skeletal muscle were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1) CA decreased serum levels of FBG and insulin as well as body weight in db/db mice; 2) CA increased serum HDL-C levels; 3) CA significantly decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha in adipose tissue and upregulated mRNA expression of GLUT-4 in skeletal muscle; 4) protein expression of p-Akt was increased in CA-treated mice, but Akt, AMPKalpha and p-AMPKalpha showed no change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CA has antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic actions in db/db mice and could be useful in the treatment of type-2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi710068, China.
authors.forename: Juane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tonghua
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Tunhai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000171:Acrolein; C012843:cinnamaldehyde