title: [Effect of ginsenoside on fine particulate matter induced oxidative injury in human endothelial cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the mechanism of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) induced endothelial injury and the efficacy and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 on the inhibition of endothelium injuries in human endothelial cells exposure to PM(2.5).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with various concentrations PM(2.5) (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg/ml) and PM(2.5) at concentration 0.8 mg/ml induced significant endothelial injury and was chosen for the main study in the presence or absence of Rg1 (0.04 mg/ml). After 24 h treatment, cell growth A value was detected through MTT, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level through fluorescence labeling probe method and HO-1, Nrf2 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cell A value was significantly lower while the ROS fluorescence gray value and the average optical density ratio of HO-1 were significantly higher in PM(2.5) group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). The average optical density ratio of Nrf2 was similar between PM(2.5) group and control group (P > 0.05). The A value and the average optical density ratio of HO-1 were significantly higher while the ROS fluorescence gray value was significantly lower in co-treated PM(2.5) (0.8 mg/ml) + Rg1 (0.04 mg/ml) group than in the PM(2.5) (0.8 mg/ml) group (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PM(2.5) could induce human endothelial cells injury by increasing oxidative stress which could be attenuated by ginsenoside Rg1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
authors.forename: Gui-jin
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ji-yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Ming-sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cai-ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D052638:Particulate Matter; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1