title: Self-reported psychopathology and health-related quality of life in heroin users treated with methadone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains poor among heroin users, even after being treated with methadone. Evidence regarding self-reported psychopathology and HRQoL in heroin users is also limited. The present study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported psychopathology and HRQoL in Asian heroin users treated with methadone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine heroin users treated with methadone and 39 healthy controls were recruited. Both groups self-reported on demographic data, the Brief Symptom Rating Scale, EuroQoL-5D, and World Health Organization Questionnaire on Quality of Life: Short Form. We compared clinical characteristics, psychopathology, and HRQoL between the two study groups. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between psychopathology and HRQoL in the heroin user group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heroin users had more psychopathology and worse HRQoL than healthy controls. The HRQoL of heroin users had significant correlations with Brief Symptom Rating Scale scores. HRQoL could be predicted by depression, anxiety, paranoia, and additional symptoms (ie, poor appetite and sleep difficulties) independently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-reported psychopathology, depression, anxiety, paranoia, poor appetite, and sleep difficulties had a negative impact on each domain of HRQoL among heroin users treated with methadone. The importance of the environmental domain of HRQoL is discussed. Clinicians should recognize comorbid psychiatric symptoms early on to improve HRQoL in heroin users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Taipei.
authors.forename: Ying-Zai
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-Lieh
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jia-Chi
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Yu-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hung-Chieh Wu
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Li-Ren
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Chang
keywords: Brief Symptom Rating Scale; World Health Organization questionnaire on quality of life; heroin abuse