title: Evidence that estrogen receptors play a limited role in mediating enhanced recovery of bile flow in female rats in the acute phase of liver ischemia reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Female patients exhibit better survival and less hepatic damage from ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury following surgery. However, the effects of sex and estrogens on liver function in the acute phase of IR are not well understood. Objective. The aim was to investigate this question.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rat model of segmental hepatic ischemia was employed. Rats were pre-treated with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182,780 and/or the estrogen receptor agonist 17β-estradiol. Bile flow, blood concentrations of bilirubin and liver enzymes were measured, and liver histology was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bile flow recovery immediately after the initiation of reperfusion was faster in females than in males. ICI182,780 reduced the rate of bile flow recovery in females but this reduction was not reversed by co-administration of 17 β-estradiol. In males, 17 β-estradiol alone did not enhance bile flow recovery. The changes in bile flow recovery observed under a given condition were correlated with small changes in blood liver enzymes and liver histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sex has a significant influence on the early recovery of liver function in the acute phase of IR injury. However, in female rats estrogen receptors play only a limited role in mediating enhanced recovery of liver function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
authors.forename: Heleen A H
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Fraukje A M
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ponds
authors.forename: Vincent B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuijs
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morphett
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Padbury
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Barritt
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001646:Bile / Q000502:physiology*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000503:physiopathology; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D004958:Estradiol; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001663:Bilirubin