title: Freeze-drying as a preserving preparation technique for in vitro testing of human skin.
abstract: In vitro testing of drugs with excised human skin is a valuable prerequisite for clinical studies. However, the analysis of excised human skin presents several obstacles. Ongoing drug diffusion, microbial growth and changes in hydration state influence the results of drug penetration studies. In this work, we evaluate freeze-drying as a preserving preparation method for skin samples to overcome these obstacles. We analyse excised human skin before and after freeze-drying and compare these results with human skin in vivo. Based on comprehensive thermal and spectroscopic analysis, we demonstrate comparability to in vivo conditions and exclude significant changes within the skin samples due to freeze-drying. Furthermore, we show that freeze-drying after skin incubation with drugs prevents growth of drug crystals on the skin surface due to drying effects. In conclusion, we introduce freeze-drying as a preserving preparation technique for in vitro testing of human skin.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vidlářová
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kostka
authors.forename: Ulrich F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Maike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Windbergs
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D002110:Caffeine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine