title: Investigation of phthalate release from tracheal tubes.
abstract: Phthalates are chemicals used extensively in the manufacture of plastics for their desirable physical characteristics. In addition to enhancing the performance of plastics, phthalates have a number of undesirable effects, principally endocrine disruptor effects, that may have adverse effects on reproductive development and functioning. As a result, they have been banned from the manufacture of children's toys. Despite this, they continue to be used in the manufacture of medical devices, including anaesthetic equipment. This study aimed to assess phthalate release from five brands of tracheal tube. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analysed phthalate concentrations from samples of ultra pure water in which tracheal tubes had been submerged. Phthalate concentration increased from 6.7 to 149 μg.l(-1) over a period of 4.8 days. Phthalate release from anaesthetic equipment has not previously been documented over short time periods and raises the possibility of iatrogenic endocrine disruption with routine anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. william.morton@rch.org.au
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wilkes
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000032:analysis; D004867:Equipment Design; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000032:analysis*; D010969:Plastics; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010968:Plasticizers; D010969:Plastics; D014867:Water; C032279:phthalic acid; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate