title: Evaluation of atrial electromechanic delay and left atrial mechanical functions in the patients with secundum type atrial septal defect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to evaluate atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) and left atrial mechanical functions (LAMF) in the patients with secundum-type atrial septal defect (ASD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 72 patients with secundum type ASD in the study group and 35 gender and age-matched healthy volunteers for the control group. Maximal, minimal, and presystolic LA volumes were measured by modified Simpson method and indexed to the body surface area (BSA). Inter-AEMD, right and left intra-AEMD were measured from the lateral and septal mitral annulus and tricuspid annulus using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age, gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate (HR), BSA, and body mass index (BMI) parameters were not significantly different between the groups. Left atrial active and total emptying fractions and conduit volumes were significantly lower in the patients with ASD compared with the control group (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, and P = 0.032, respectively). Total emptying volume was increased in patients with ASD (P = 0.021). Passive emptying volume and fraction and active emptying volumes were not different significantly between the groups (P > 0.05). The left intraatrial, right intraatrial, and inter-AEMDs were significantly longer in the ASD group (P = 0.032, P = 0.013, and P = 0.003, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The left atrial reservoir and contractile pump functions are reduced; the left intraatrial, right intraatrial, and inter-AEMDs are increased in the patients with ASD.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thorasic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. drerturk@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erturk
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Hale Unal
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Aksu
authors.forename: Ibrahim Faruk
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Akturk
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Surgit
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ari
authors.forename: Nevzat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uslu
authors.forename: Mustafa Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Erol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D056966:Excitation Contraction Coupling; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: atrial septal defect; atrium; electromechanical delay