title: The roles of whole-genome and small-scale duplications in the functional specialization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes.
abstract: Researchers have long been enthralled with the idea that gene duplication can generate novel functions, crediting this process with great evolutionary importance. Empirical data shows that whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are more likely to be retained than small-scale duplications (SSDs), though their relative contribution to the functional fate of duplicates remains unexplored. Using the map of genetic interactions and the re-sequencing of 27 Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes evolving for 2,200 generations we show that SSD-duplicates lead to neo-functionalization while WGD-duplicates partition ancestral functions. This conclusion is supported by: (a) SSD-duplicates establish more genetic interactions than singletons and WGD-duplicates; (b) SSD-duplicates copies share more interaction-partners than WGD-duplicates copies; (c) WGD-duplicates interaction partners are more functionally related than SSD-duplicates partners; (d) SSD-duplicates gene copies are more functionally divergent from one another, while keeping more overlapping functions, and diverge in their sub-cellular locations more than WGD-duplicates copies; and (e) SSD-duplicates complement their functions to a greater extent than WGD-duplicates. We propose a novel model that uncovers the complexity of evolution after gene duplication.
authors.affiliation: Integrative and Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. mfares@ibmcp.upv.es
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fares
authors.forename: Orla M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carretero-Paulet
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D010802:Phylogeny; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*