title: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer in the military: a case-control study utilizing pre-diagnostic serum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to ascertain whether a relationship exists between pre-diagnostic serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and risk of breast cancer in young women.
  
  
  METHODS
  About 600 incident cases of breast cancer were matched to 600 controls as part of a nested case-control study that utilized pre-diagnostic sera. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and breast cancer risk, controlling for race and age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the conditional logistic regression for all subjects, odds ratios for breast cancer by quintile of serum 25(OH)D from lowest to highest were 1.2, 1.0, 0.9, 1.1, and 1.0 (reference) (p trend = 0.72). After multivariate regression for subjects whose blood had been collected within 90 days preceding diagnosis, odds ratios for breast cancer by quintile of serum 25(OH)D from lowest to highest were 3.3, 1.9, 1.7, 2.6, and 1.0 (reference) (p trend = 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An inverse association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and risk of breast cancer was not present in the principal analysis, although an inverse association was present in a small subgroup analysis of subjects whose blood had been collected within 90 days preceding diagnosis. Further prospective studies of 25(OH)D and breast cancer risk are needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0620, La Jolla, CA 92093-0620, USA. sbmohr75@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sharif B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Gorham
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Macera
authors.forename: J Kellogg
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wingard
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horst
authors.forename: Cedric F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Garland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D