title: The effects of exercise modalities on adiposity in obese rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of both swimming and resistance training on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 expression, adipocyte area and lipid profiles in rats fed a high-fat diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted over an eight-week period on Wistar adult rats, who were divided into six groups as follows (n = 10 per group): sedentary chow diet, sedentary high-fat diet, swimming plus chow diet, swimming plus high-fat diet, resistance training plus chow diet, and resistance training plus high-fat diet. Rats in the resistance training groups climbed a vertical ladder with weights on their tails once every three days. The swimming groups swam for 60 minutes/day, five days/week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high-fat diet groups had higher body weights, a greater amount of adipose tissue, and higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in the visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, the high-fat diet promoted a negative change in the lipid profile. In the resistance training high-fat group, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was lower than that in the swimming high-fat and sedentary high-fat groups. Moreover, smaller visceral and retroperitoneal adipocyte areas were found in the resistance training high-fat group than in the sedentary high-fat group. In the swimming high-fat group, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was lower and the epididymal and retroperitoneal adipocyte areas were smaller compared with the sedentary high-fat group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that both exercise modalities improved the lipid profile, adiposity and obesity-associated inflammation in rats, suggesting their use as an alternative to control the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet in humans.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Physical Education, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Exercise, São Carlos/SP, Brazil. gsperetta@gmail.com
authors.forename: Guilherme Fleury Fina
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Speretta
authors.forename: Marisa Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rosante
authors.forename: Fernanda Oliveira
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Richard Diego
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Anderson Diogo de Souza
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lino
authors.forename: Rafael Arquias
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Andre
authors.forename: João Guilherme de Oliveira
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Silvestre
authors.forename: Heloisa Sobreiro Selistre de
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Ana Claudia Garcia de Oliveira
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10