title: Anti-inflammatory effects of isopropyl 3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate, a novel metabolite from danshen, on activated microglia.
abstract: Down-regulation of microglial activation represents a practical strategy for combating diverse brain disorders such as stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.  In the present study, we showed evidence that isopropyl 3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate (IDHP), a new bioactive metabolite of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced microglia.  Our data showed that IDHP significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-induced BV-2 cells and rat primary microglia in a dose-dependent manner.  IDHP also suppressed mRNA expression of LPSinduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α and IL-1β.  Moreover, IDHP significantly suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) translocation and DNA binding activity induced by LPS treatment in BV-2 cells.  These findings indicated that IDHP might be of value in the treatment of various microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shaoxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Haoran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Shixiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liyuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017628:Microglia; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide