title: Anxiety symptoms in HIV-infected individuals.
abstract: Anxiety is one of the most frequent symptoms recognized by providers who care for persons living with HIV disease (PLWH). This evidence-based review of anxiety and HIV disease includes an overview of anxiety symptoms, their prevalence in PLWH, and co-existing mood and behavioral disorders. Harmful physiologic effects are also highlighted. Valid and reliable clinical measurement tools used for assessing anxiety include the Clinical Diagnostic Questionnaire, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, the Profile of Mood States, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioral therapy as a recommended intervention for the treatment of anxiety symptoms and/or anxiety disorders in PLWH. Medications for use with more severe and disabling anxiety are discussed, as well as evidence based on expert opinion for anxiety self-management.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanne K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kemppainen
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacKain
authors.forename: Darcel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reyes
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000451:nursing; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence