title: Comparative toxicity of eight metals on freshwater fish.
abstract: Two freshwater fish, Rasbora sumatrana (Cyprinidae) and Poecilia reticulata (guppy; Poeciliidae), were exposed to a range of eight heavy metals (copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn)) at varied concentrations for 96 h in the laboratory. Mortality was assessed and median lethal concentrations (LC50) were calculated. It was observed that the LC50 values increased with a decrease in mean exposure times, for all metals and for both fish types. The 96-h LC50 values for Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Al, and Mn were 0.006, 0.10, 0.46, 0.63, 0.83, 1.71, 1.53, and 5.71 mg/L for R. sumatrana and 0.038, 0.17, 1.06, 1.99, 15.62, 1.46, 6.76, and 23.91 mg/L for P. reticulata, respectively. The metal toxicity trend for R. sumatrana and P. reticulata from most to least toxic was Cu > Cd > Zn > Pb > Ni > Al > Fe > Mn and Cu > Cd > Zn > Fe > Pb > Al > Ni > Mn, respectively. Results indicated that Cu was the most toxic metal on both fish, and R. sumatrana was more sensitive than P. reticulata to all the eight metals.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia shuhaimi@ukm.my.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shuhaimi-Othman
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nadzifah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yakub
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nur-Amalina
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ramle
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D000075322:Heavy Metal Poisoning; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D008296:Malaysia; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011036:Poecilia; D011041:Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D008345:Manganese; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc
keywords: LC50; Toxicity; fish; heavy metals; sensitivity