title: Lifetime abuse victimization and risk of uterine leiomyomata in black women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are a major contributor to gynecologic morbidity and medical costs, and black women are disproportionately affected by the condition. Previous studies have linked UL to psychosocial stress, including child abuse. We assessed the association between lifetime abuse victimization and UL among 9910 premenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study. In 2005, participants reported their experiences of physical and sexual abuse within each life stage (childhood, adolescence, adulthood). Biennial follow-up questionnaires from 2005 through 2011 ascertained new UL diagnoses. Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1506 incident UL cases diagnosed by ultrasound or surgery. UL incidence was higher among women who reported child abuse, particularly sexual abuse. Relative to no abuse across the life span, RRs were 1.16 (95% CI, 1.02-1.33) for physical abuse only, 1.34 (95% CI, 1.09-1.66) for sexual abuse only, and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.99-1.39) for both physical and sexual abuse in childhood. RRs for 1-3 and 4 or more incidents of child sexual abuse were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.04-1.61) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.07-1.85), respectively, whereas the RRs for low, intermediate, and high frequencies of child physical abuse were 1.19, 1.04, and 1.23, respectively. The association was strongest for the highest category of child abuse severity (RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.19-2.07). No associations were found for teen or adult abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, child sexual abuse was an independent risk factor for UL, supporting the hypothesis that childhood adversity increases UL risk.
authors.affiliation: Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. lwise@bu.edu
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*