title: The effects of natural compounds-containing mouthrinses on patients with fixed orthodontic appliance treatment: clinical and microbiological outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of two natural compounds-containing mouthrinses (NCCMs) (a fructus mume (FM) extract-containing mouthrinse and an essential oil (EO)-containing mouthrinse) on gingival health and microbial profiles in young orthodontic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 6-month randomized, single-blinded, parallel-controlled clinical trial consists of 90 patients with fixed appliance treatment. The subjects were allocated to (1) negative control group: oral hygiene instruction (OHI) alone; (2) test group 1: OHI plus EO mouthrinse; and (3) test group 2: OHI plus FM mouthrinse. Clinical examinations included plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI) and modified gingival index (MGI). Salivary microbial quantifications included total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Streptococci and Lactobacilli counts. Clinical and microbiological examinations were conducted at baseline, 3rd and 6th months (T1, T2, and T3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  BI was significantly reduced in both the FM mouthrinse and EO mouthrinse groups compared with the negative control group at T3 (P < 0.05). There were no significant intergroup differences in salivary bacteria counts in all groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both NCCMs effectively reduced gingival bleeding without causing significant alterations of microbial profile in young orthodontic patients.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ricky W K
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Chaminda Jayampath
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Seneviratne
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hagg
authors.forename: Colman
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: Lakshman P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Samaranayake
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile