title: The safety and efficacy of minimal-flow desflurane anesthesia during prolonged laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimal-flow anesthesia can meet the demands of a modern society that is more sensitive to environmental protection and economic burdens. This study compared the safety and efficacy of minimal-flow desflurane anesthesia with conventional high-flow desflurane anesthesia for prolonged laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six male patients (ASA physical status II or III) undergoing laparoscopic urologic surgery for more than 6 hours were randomly divided into two groups: the high-flow (HF) group and the minimal-flow (MF) group. The HF group was continuously administered a fresh gas flow of 4 L/min. In the MF group, a fresh gas flow of 4 L/min was administered for the first 20 minutes and was thereafter lowered to 0.5 L/min. Inspiratory and expiratory desflurane concentrations, respiratory variables, and hemodynamic variables were continuously monitored during administration of anesthesia. Measurements of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentration and arterial blood gas analysis were performed every 2 hours during anesthesia. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were measured on the first and second day after the surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic data and duration of anesthesia were not different between the two groups. Significant differences were not observed between the two groups in terms of hemodynamic variables, respiratory variables, and inspiratory and expiratory desflurane concentrations. Inspiratory O(2) concentration was maintained lower in the MF group than in the HF group (43-53% vs. 53-59%; P < 0.05). Compared with the HF group, COHb concentrations was higher (P < 0.05), but not increased from the baseline value in the MF group. Serum AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine were not significantly different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In prolonged laparoscopic surgery, no significant differences were found in safety and efficacy between minimal-flow and high-flow desflurane anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yoong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chan Jong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jung Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: So Ron
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Choi
keywords: Desflurane; Laparoscopic surgery; Minimal-flow anesthesia