title: Orofacial antinociceptive effect and antioxidant properties of the hydroethanol extract of Hyptis fruticosa salmz ex Benth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyptis fruticosa is a plant native to Brazil with antinociceptive and antiinflamatory properties. This study evaluated the antinociceptive activity of the hydroethanol extract of the plant leaves (CHEE) against orofacial pain as well as its in vitro effect against lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antinociceptive activity was investigated in mice orally treated with different doses of the CHEE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and morphine (5 mg/kg) using formalin, glutamate, and capsaicin orofacial pain models using. Lipoperoxidation was induced in egg yolk by AAPH and FeSO4 in the absence and presence of the CHEE (5, 50, 100, and 150 μg/mL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CHEE (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced (ρ<0.001) the pain response in the first (69.6%) and second (81.8%) phases of the formalin test, while the nociception caused by capsaicin was significantly (ρ<0.001) reduced by up to 62% at 200 mg/kg of extract. When glutamate was used as algogen, a significant (ρ<0.001) nociception reduction of up to 85% at 200 mg/kg extract was observed. CHEE showed a higher protection against lipoperoxidation caused by FeSO4 (82.3% TBARS inhibition) than AAPH (35.7% TBARS inhibition) at 150 μg/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyptis fruticosa leaf CHEE is of pharmacological interest because it was able to inhibit the peripheral and central transmission of orofacial pain, while reducing the spreading of the inflammatory processes by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, which are by-products in the biosynthesis of pain mediators.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus Universitário, 49100-000, São Cristóvão-SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda C B
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Monica S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Paixão
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Marilia T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de Santana
authors.forename: Nicole P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Damascena
authors.forename: Antonio S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Yasmin C B S
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Ximene A
authors.initials: XA
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Clisiane C S
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Clésio A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Lucindo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Quintans Júnior
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: dos S Estevam
authors.forename: Brancilene S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Araújo
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002211:Capsaicin; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005557:Formaldehyde; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D031331:Hyptis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D013729:Terpenes; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D005557:Formaldehyde; D000431:Ethanol; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002211:Capsaicin