title: Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in persons born from 1930 to 1979 and its relation to latitude in Norway.
abstract: A remarkable increase in female to male ratio of multiple sclerosis (MS) is recognised in high incidence areas. Norway is a high-risk area for MS, spanning latitudes 58-71 °N. We studied whether the sex ratio has changed over time and whether it differs by clinical phenotype or by latitude. Population-based epidemiological data and data from the Norwegian MS Registry on patients born from 1930 to 1979 were combined in this study. Place of birth was retrieved from the Norwegian Population Registry and information on clinical subtypes was obtained from the Norwegian MS Registry. The female to male ratio ranged from 1.7 to 2.7 (median 2.0) in 5,469 patients born in Norway, and increased slightly by 5-year blocks of year of birth (p = 0.043). The sex ratio was 2.6:1 in 825 patients born 1970-1979, which is significantly higher than in those born 1930-1969 (p < 0.001). In patients with relapsing remitting onset, the sex ratio was 2.4:1, while it was 1.1:1 in those with primary progressive disease. The sex ratio did not differ between the south, the middle and the north of the country. The overall sex ratio of MS is strongly determined by cases with relapsing remitting onset. We did not observe the remarkable increase in sex ratios of MS reported from other high-risk areas. The high sex ratio in the youngest birth cohorts may change as an increasing proportion of cases in this age group is being diagnosed. Sex ratio was not associated with latitude.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway. margitta.kampman@unn.no
authors.forename: Margitta T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kampman
authors.forename: Jan Harald
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Aarseth
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grytten
authors.forename: Espen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benjaminsen
authors.forename: Elisabeth Gulowsen
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Celius
authors.forename: Ole Petter
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: Trygve
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holmøy
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Løken-Amsrud
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Midgard
authors.forename: Kjell-Morten
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Myhr
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Risberg
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vatne
authors.forename: Oivind
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Torkildsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D017678:Sex Distribution