title: [Skin irritation and sensitization of swine acellular dermal matrix treated with hyaluronic acid].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the skin irritation and sensitization potential of the swine acellular dermal matrix treated with hyaluronic acid (SADM-HA).
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Skin irritation test. Twelve New Zealand rabbits were divided into SADM-HA group, allogeneic skin group, and (human) xeno-skin group according to the random number table, with 4 rabbits in each group. Four test sites were designed on the back of each rabbit. Two test sites of each rabbit in the three groups were covered with SADM-HA, allogeneic skin, and xeno-skin, respectively. Another test site was covered with gauze containing 200 g/L sodium dodecyl sulfate solution as positive control. The last test site was covered with gauze containing normal saline as negative control. The primary irritation index and cumulative irritation index of each material were calculated. (2) Skin closed-patch test. Sixty guinea pigs were used. Fifty-four guinea pigs were divided into SADM-HA group, allogeneic skin group, and (human) xeno-skin group according to the random number table, with 18 guinea pigs in each group. Twelve guinea pigs in each of the three groups were correspondingly induced and stimulated by SADM-HA, allogeneic skin, and xeno-skin, with 6 guinea pigs in each group treated with ethanol-soaked gauze to serve as negative control. The remaining 6 guinea pigs were treated with gauze containing 25% α-hexylcinnamaldehyde ethanol solution as positive control. The rating scales of Magnusson and Kligman were used to grade the condition of skin after being treated with above-mentioned materials to evaluate skin sensitivity to them at post stimulation hour 24 and 48. Data were processed with the non-parametric test of independent samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) In the skin irritation test, the primary irritation indexes of the three dressings in SADM-HA group, allogeneic skin group, and xeno-skin group were respectively -0.04, 0.13, and 0.08. The cumulative irritation indexes of the three dressings in SADM-HA group, allogeneic skin group, and xeno-skin group were respectively 0.27, 0.10, and 0.25, which were close to those of negative control within the three groups. The skin irritation of each of the three materials was negligible. (2) In the skin closed-patch test, all scores of the three dressings in SADM-HA group, allogeneic skin group, and xeno-skin group were between 0 and 1. The scores of SADM-HA group and allogeneic skin group were close to those of negative control within the two groups (with U values respectively 188.00 and 90.00, P values both above 0.05). The differences were statistically significant between each material of the three groups and positive control (with U values respectively 19.00, 59.00, 21.50, P values all below 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SADM-HA is safe and reliable without skin irritation and sensitization, and it has encouraging prospect in clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China.
authors.forename: Shao-nan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Xiao-zhuo
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hui-ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guo-an
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D062088:Acellular Dermis / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D012867:Skin; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid