title: Necessity of normative data on the Japanese version of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory subtest for old-old people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Episodic memory is vulnerable to deterioration in people suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Currently, the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) is used internationally as an operational definition to identify people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the Japanese version of the LM has not been adequately normalized for old-old people. Therefore, norms of the LM for people aged 75 years and over are required, and the effects of sex, age and education on performance were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 (27 female and 23 male) participants without a history of dementia and symptomatic stroke events recruited from the community and hospital populations were investigated using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the LM and some interference tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean scores (standard deviations) of the sample were 15.5 (5.4) on LM-I and 9.9 (6.6) on LM-II. The distributions of the LM-I and -II scores satisfied the normality assumption. The LM-I and LM-II scores correlated with age and the LM-I score correlated with educational background.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the Japanese version of the LM, the means, standard deviations and distribution features of the old-old sample are presented. Although the normal sample was chosen to closely match the demographic profile of the Japanese population, the present sample might have had a higher educational background than the age-matched population, especially the males. Further study is required to standardize the Japanese version of the LM subtest for each 5-year interval for latter-stage elderly people.
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan. n-kawano@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awata
authors.forename: Mutsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ijuin
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008603:Mental Health; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014888:Wechsler Scales / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Logical Memory; episodic memory; mild cognitive impairment; normative data; old-old people