title: Expression profile of macrophage migration-inhibitory factor in human gingiva and reconstituted human gingival epithelia stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) plays crucial roles in the recruitment and activation of macrophages as well as in helping to kill bacteria. This study investigated the expression profile of MIF in human gingiva under different periodontal conditions and its expression patterns induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in gingival epithelia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival tissue samples were collected from deep pockets and clinically healthy sites of 22 nonsmoking subjects with chronic periodontitis. The expression of MIF mRNA and protein was evaluated using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The in vitro study analyzed the effects of P. gingivalis LPS on the expression of MIF in a reconstituted human gingival epithelia (RHGE) model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In gingival epithelia, MIF protein was diffusely expressed from the basal layer to the granular and spinous layers; whereas, in the underlying connective tissues, MIF was observed around the dilated blood vessels in the deep-pocket tissues. A significantly lower level of expression of MIF mRNA and an increased level of expression of MIF protein were found in deep-pocket tissues compared with clinically healthy tissues. Expression of MIF mRNA in the RHGE model was significantly down-regulated by P. gingivalis LPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that MIF expression may be related to periodontal conditions and that its expression profile could be modulated by P. gingivalis LPS. MIF may play a role in periodontal pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: X R
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000473:pathology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000378:metabolism*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human