title: Genetic variation in the 3' untranslated region of dengue virus serotype 3 strains isolated from mosquitoes and humans in Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by one of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes (DENV-1 to 4), replicate alternately on the mosquito vector and human host and are responsible for infections throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Brazil, the disease has become a major public health problem and the introduction of DENV-3 in 2000 in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) was associated with severe dengue epidemics. The potential emergence of strains associated with severe disease highlights the need for the surveillance of DENV in human host and vectors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aiming to contribute for DENV phylogenetic and vector-virus-human host studies, we sequenced the entire genome of one DENV-3 isolated from naturally infected Aedes aegypti from RJ in 2001 and characterized the 3' UTR from strains isolated from mosquitoes and humans. Mosquitoes were pooled and submitted to virus isolation in Ae. albopictus C6/36 cells and the infecting serotype was identified by immunofluorescence using type-specific monoclonal antibody. Sequence analysis was performed using BioEdit software, the multiple alignments were performed using CLUSTAL W and the phylogenetic analysis by MEGA 5, using the Neighbor-joining method. Secondary structure prediction was performed by using the MFOLD program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exclusive substitutions and a substitution leading to a stop codon on the NS5 gene were observed in the DENV-3 isolated from a naturally infected Ae. aegypti and fully sequenced. As an 8- nucleotides deletion was observed within the 11- nucleotides (nts) insertion on the variable region (VR) from the 3'UTR in this isolate, we further sequenced other DENV-3 from both mosquitoes and humans. The majority of DENV-3 from RJ analyzed were characterized by the 11-nts insertion in the VR of the 3'UTR, despite the observation of strains carrying the 8-nts deletion. The latter presented similar secondary structures, however not all strains presenting the 11-nts insertion were similar in the predicted secondary structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phylogeny based on the analysis of the complete genome and 3'UTR characterized the DENV-3 isolated from both vector and human host as belonging to Genotype III (GIII), despite the differences observed on the 3' UTR. Further studies are needed to address the role of those mutations in the transmission of the different viral populations and vector competence.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Trasmissores de Hematozoários, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brasil.
authors.forename: Márcia Gonçalves
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: Fernanda Bruycker
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: de Nogueira
authors.forename: Rita Maria Ribeiro
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lourenço-de-Oliveira
authors.forename: Flávia Barreto
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: dos Santos
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D018388:Codon, Terminator / Q000235:genetics; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D018388:Codon, Terminator; C096041:NS5 protein, flavivirus; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins