title: Comparison of dixon and T1-weighted MR methods to assess the degree of fat infiltration in duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare different lipid multipeak spectral models to the single-peak model in Dixon-based fat-water separation and to evaluate differences between visually scored magnetic resonance (MR) images and quantitatively assessed fat fractions in muscle of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  T1-weighted and 3-point Dixon imaging of the upper and lower leg was performed in 13 Duchenne patients and six healthy controls. Three-, four-, and five-peak lipid spectrum models were compared to a single-peak model and to each other. T1-weighted images were visually scored by two radiologists and quantitative fat fractions were obtained from Dixon images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences between the multipeak spectral models were minimal. The three-peak model was used for subsequent comparisons. Although there was high correlation between quantitative and visual scores, visual scores were consistently higher than quantitative values of the same muscles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are minor differences between the various lipid spectral models in terms of quantifying fat fraction in a large number of skeletal muscles in the legs of Duchenne patients and healthy controls. Quantitative 3-point Dixon MRI is more precise and reliable than visual radiological methods for evaluation of fat fractions for potential longitudinal follow-up or therapy evaluation of Duchenne patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. b.h.a.wokke@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Beatrijs H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Wokke
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reijnierse
authors.forename: Carla S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: van Rijswijk
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eggers
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Verschuuren
authors.forename: Hermien E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Kan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Duchenne muscular dystrophy; fatty infiltration; quantitative MRI