title: Relative validity of the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire-food frequency section among young European children: the IDEFICS Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare, specifically by age group, proxy-reported food group estimates obtained from the food frequency section of the Children's Eating Habits questionnaire (CEHQ-FFQ) against the estimates of two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls (24-HDR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Estimates of food group intakes assessed via the forty-three-food-group CEHQ-FFQ were compared with those obtained by a computerized 24-HDR. Agreement on frequencies of intakes (equal to the number of portions per recall period) between the two instruments was examined using crude and de-attenuated Pearson's correlation coefficients, cross-classification analyses, weighted kappa statistics (κ w) and Bland-Altman analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kindergartens/schools from eight European countries participating in the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) Study cross-sectional survey (2007-2008).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 2-9 years (n 2508, 50·4% boys).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CEHQ-FFQ provided higher intake estimates for most of the food groups than the 24-HDR. De-attenuated Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0·01 (sweetened fruit) to 0·48 (sweetened milk) in children aged 2-<6 years (mean = 0·25) and from 0·01 (milled cereal) to 0·44 (water) in children aged 6-9 years (mean = 0·23). An average of 32% and 31% of food group intakes were assigned to the same quartile in younger and older children, respectively, and classification into extreme opposite quartiles was ≤12% for all food groups in both age groups. Mean κ w was 0·20 for 2-<6-year-olds and 0·17 for 6-9-year-olds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strength of association estimates assessed by the CEHQ-FFQ and the 24-HDR varied by food group and by age group. Observed level of agreement and CEHQ-FFQ ability to rank children according to intakes of food groups were considered to be low.
authors.affiliation: 1 Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Corona de Aragón 42, 2nd floor, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bel-Serrat
authors.affiliation: 1 Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Corona de Aragón 42, 2nd floor, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mouratidou
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Huybrechts
authors.affiliation: 4 BIPS - Institute for Epidemiology and Prevention Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Börnhorst
authors.affiliation: 1 Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Corona de Aragón 42, 2nd floor, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Alvira
authors.affiliation: 5 Research and Education Institute for Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Charalampos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hadjigeorgiou
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eiben
authors.affiliation: 4 BIPS - Institute for Epidemiology and Prevention Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hebestreit
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lissner
authors.affiliation: 7 Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Dénes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.affiliation: 8 Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siani
authors.affiliation: 9 National Institute for Health Development, Center of Health and Behavioral Science, Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: Toomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Veidebaum
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krogh
authors.affiliation: 1 Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Corona de Aragón 42, 2nd floor, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D005060:Europe; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People