title: Association of diabetes mellitus with the risk of developing adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a longitudinal population-based followup study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although it has been suggested that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for developing adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACS), data on the temporal association between these 2 conditions are sparse. The purpose of this population-based age- and sex-matched cohort study was to investigate the risk of developing ACS in patients with newly diagnosed DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 78,827 subjects with at least 2 ambulatory care visits with a principal diagnosis of DM in 2001 were recruited for the DM group. The non-DM group comprised 236,481 age- and sex-matched randomly sampled subjects without DM. The 3-year cumulative risk of ACS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the crude and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of developing ACS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 3-year followup period, 946 subjects (1.20%) in the DM group and 2,254 subjects (0.95%) in the non-DM group developed ACS. The crude HR of developing ACS for the DM group compared to the non-DM group was 1.333 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.236-1.439, P < 0.0001), whereas the adjusted HR was 1.321 (95% CI 1.224-1.425, P < 0.0001) after adjustment for age, sex, and dyslipidemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This longitudinal population-based followup study showed that there is a significantly increased risk of developing ACS after developing DM.
authors.affiliation: National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ching-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Fann
authors.forename: Yueh-Hsia
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Ming-Fang
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Li-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsiu-Hsi
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shin-Liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002062:Bursitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012785:Shoulder Joint; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors