title: Adenovirus 36, adiposity, and bone strength in late-adolescent females.
abstract: Adenovirus 36 (Ad36) is the only adenovirus to date that has been linked with obesity in humans. Our previous studies in late-adolescent females suggest that excess weight in the form of fat mass is associated with lower cortical bone strength. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between Ad36-specific antibodies, adiposity, and bone strength in our sample of late-adolescent females. A cross-sectional study of 115 females aged 18 to 19 years was performed. Participants were classified according to adiposity by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (body fat percentage as normal-fat [ < 32% body fat; n = 93] or high-fat [ ≥ 32% body fat; n = 22]), and according to the presence of Ad36-specific neutralizing antibodies. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography measured bone parameters at the 4% (trabecular bone) and 20% (cortical bone) site, and muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) at the 66% site, from the distal metaphyses of the radius and the tibia. Bone strength was determined from volumetric bone mineral density and bone geometry to calculate bone strength index (BSI; trabecular site) and polar strength-strain index (SSI; cortical site). After adjustment for MCSA and limb length, radial SSI was lower in Ad36+  versus Ad36- subjects from the high-fat group (p < 0.03), but not the normal-fat group. No significant differences were observed between groups in tibial SSI or BSI. These data support an association of adiposity and cortical bone strength at the radius with the presence of neutralizing antibodies to Ad36 in late-adolescent females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Emma M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Laing
authors.forename: Ralph A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Tripp
authors.forename: Norman K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Clifton A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Baile
authors.forename: Mary Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Della-Fera
authors.forename: Srujana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rayalam
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tompkins
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Keys
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult