title: [Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of respiratory fluoroquinolones. Guideline to selection of the most appropriate fluoroquinolone].
abstract: Since its approval, fluoroquinolones have become one of the most prescribed antibacterial agents. Because of its widespread use, serious concerns about the emergence of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas spp, and entrobacteriaceae, has arisen, especially because of cross-resistance between fluoroquinolones. Huge efforts has been done to identify pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters like maximum serum concentration (Cmax), area under the curve of serum concentrations (AUC) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters like the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or the mutant prevention concentration (MPC), to optimize the use of the new fluoroquinolones, especially against these difficult to treat microorganisms. The new fluoroquinolones commercially available in Spain, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, have significant differences in their PK (Cmax, half-life, volume of distribution, etc), PD (MIC, MPC,) and in their PK/PD parameters (AUC/MIC; AUC/MPC) that allow clinicians to establish clear preference for the utilization of one of them. Proper use of these new fluoroquinolones according to these PK/PD parameters will result in better management of respiratory infections with a reduction in the emergence of resistance. Based on data reviewed in this paper moxifloxacin use, with best PK/PD characteristics, should be preferred over levofloxacin. Should levofloxacin be used, alternative dosing strategies would be recommended to avoid selection of resistant variants.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain. jordi@ugr.es
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parra-Ruiz
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Quero
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV