title: Oral delivery of glucagon-like peptide-1 and analogs: alternatives for diabetes control?
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. Current treatments are often associated with off-target effects and do not significantly impact disease progression. New therapies are therefore urgently needed to overcome this social burden. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone, has been used to control T2DM symptomatology. However, the administration of peptide or proteins drugs is still a huge challenge in the pharmaceutical field, requiring administration by parenteral routes. This article reviews the main hurdles in oral administration of GLP-1 and focuses on the strategies utilized to overcome them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Health Sciences Research Center,Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fonte
authors.forename: Hélder A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarmento
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1