title: Metallofullerene nanoparticles promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells through BMP signaling pathway.
abstract: Although endohedral metallofullerenol [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles have anti-tumor efficiency and mostly deposit in the bones of mice, how these nanoparticles act in bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) remains largely unknown. Herein, we observed that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles facilitated the differentiation of MSCs toward osteoblasts, as evidenced by the enhancement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation upon [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticle treatment. Mechanistically, the effect of [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles on ALP activity was inhibited by the addition of noggin as an inhibitor of the BMP signaling pathway. Moreover, the in vivo results of the ovariectomized rats further indicated that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles effectively improved bone density and prevented osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Division of Nanomedicine and Nanobiology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.
authors.forename: Kangning
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Weipeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Baoyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jinchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xing-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D037741:Fullerenes; C108127:fullerenol; D005682:Gadolinium