title: Effect of fluoride on tooth erosion around orthodontic brackets.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride in prevention of tooth erosion around orthodontic brackets under erosive challenge. Edgewise brackets were bonded with Transbond™ XT composite on vestibular surface of 40 bovine incisors. The teeth were assigned to 4 groups (n=10): G1: Remineralizing saliva; G2: Erosive challenge; G3: Experimental group submitted to topical application of neutral fluoride gel (2% NaF) before erosive challenge; G4: Experimental group submitted to three daily applications of fluoride dentifrice (PFM 1500 ppmF) during erosive challenge. After 14 days of erosive challenge, direct visual and tactile examination were performed by two calibrated and trained examiners (Kappa = 0.867). The following scores were used: 0 = Intact enamel, 1 = Demineralized enamel without cavity, 2 = Demineralized enamel with cavity, 3 = Remineralized enamel without cavity, 4 = Remineralized enamel with cavity. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were applied to determine erosion levels, establishing a confidence interval of 95% (p<0.05). G2 and G3 presented 100% of score 2, with large cavities, presenting rough and opaque surface. G4 showed 50% of score 3 and 50% of score 4. Considering the studied conditions, it was found a significant difference between G2 and G4 and between G3 and G4 (p<0.01). By contrast to single application of neutral fluoride gel, the high frequency of use of fluoride at low concentration had a great influence during the dynamics of erosion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika Machado
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Caldeira
authors.forename: Tatiana Kelly da Silva
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Fidalgo
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Passalini
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marquezan
authors.forename: Lucianne Cople
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves
authors.initials: Mda C
authors.lastname: Nojima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D012464:Saliva, Artificial