title: Sleep to implement an intention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep supports the consolidation of new memories. However, this effect has mainly been shown for memories of past events. Here we investigated the role of sleep for the implementation of intentions for the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were instructed on a plan that had to be executed after a delay of 2 days. After plan instruction, subjects were either allowed to sleep or stayed awake for one night (Exp. 1) or had a 3-h sleep period either during the early night (SWS-rich sleep) or late night (REM-rich sleep; Exp. 2). In both experiments, retesting took place 2 days later after one recovery night.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 56 healthy young adults participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the subjects who were allowed to sleep after plan instruction executed the intention 2 days later, whereas only 61% of wake subjects did so (P = 0.004; Exp. 1). Also after early SWS-rich sleep all of the subjects remembered to execute the intention, but only 55% did so after late REM-rich sleep (P = 0.015; Exp. 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep, especially SWS, plays an important role for the successful implementation of delayed intentions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. susanne.diekelmann@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diekelmann
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: Ullrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Born
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult