title: Correlating perceived arrhythmia symptoms and quality of life in an older population with heart failure: a prospective, single centre, urban clinic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between quality of life and perceived self-reported symptoms in an older, ambulatory, urban population living with heart failure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  While arrhythmias in older individuals with heart failure are well documented, the association between perceived arrhythmia symptoms and quality of life is not well-defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, cross-sectional single-centre study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-centre, prospective study was conducted with heart failure patients recruited from an urban outpatient cardiology clinic in the United States. Fifty-seven patients completed a baseline quality of life survey with 42 of these completing the six-month follow-up survey. Quality of life was evaluated with the SF-36v2(™)  and frequency of symptoms with the Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale. Subjects wore an auto triggered cardiac loop monitor (LifeStar AF Express(®) ) for two weeks to document arrhythmias. Data analysis utilised Spearman's rank correlation and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline and six-month quality of life measures did not correlate with recorded arrhythmias. However, perceptions of diminished general health correlated significantly with symptoms of exercise intolerance, lightheadedness/dizziness, palpitations and chest pain/pressure. By multivariable logistic regression, more severe perceived episodes, symptoms of exercise intolerance and lightheadedness/dizziness were independently associated with diminished quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quality of life was significantly worse in patients with perceptions of severe arrhythmic episodes and in those with symptoms of dizziness and exercise intolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study indicate that symptomatic heart failure patients suffer from poor quality of life and that interventions are needed to improve quality of life and decrease symptom severity. Nurses who care for heart failure patients play an essential role in symptom evaluation and management and could significantly improve overall quality of life in these patients by carefully evaluating symptomatology and testing interventions and educational programmes aimed at improving quality of life.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. kth6@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reiffel
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sciacca
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Whang
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biviano
authors.forename: Maurita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baumeister
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Jyothi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Talathothi
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D019037:Urban Health Services