title: Implementing biosecurity measures on dairy farms in Ireland.
abstract: Dairy farms in Ireland are expanding in preparation for a new era of unrestricted milk production with the elimination of the European Union (EU) production quotas in 2015. Countries experiencing a changing agricultural demographic, including farm expansion, can benefit from documenting the implementation of on-farm biosecurity. The objectives of this study were to document and describe influences on biosecurity practices and related opinions on dairy farms. A representative response rate of 64% was achieved to a nationwide telesurvey of farmers. A 20% discrepancy was found between self-declared and truly 'closed' herds indicating a lack of understanding of the closed herd concept. Although >72% of farmers surveyed considered biosecurity to be important, 53% stated that a lack of information might prevent them from improving their biosecurity. Logistic regression highlighted regional, age, and farm-size related differences in biosecurity practices and opinions towards its implementation. Farmers in the most dairy cattle dense region were three times more likely to quarantine purchased stock than were their equivalents in regions where dairy production was less intense (P=0.012). Younger farmers in general were over twice as likely as middle-aged farmers to implement biosecurity guidelines (P=0.026). The owners of large enterprises were almost five times more likely to join a voluntary animal health scheme (P=0.003), and were over three times more likely to pay a premium price for health accredited animals (P=0.02) than were those farming small holdings. The baseline data recorded in this survey will form the basis for more detailed sociological and demographic research which will facilitate the targeting of future training of the farming community in biosecurity.
authors.affiliation: Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland. riona.sayers@teagasc.ie
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sayers
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Sayers
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bermingham
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Dillon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Biosecurity; Dairy herds; Herd expansion; Ireland; Survey