title: Advances in pharmacologic therapies for type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a multi-causal, heterogeneous and progressive cardiometabolic condition, with an increasing prevalence worldwide. T2DM is associated with multiple comorbidities that may impact patients' quality of life. Treatment is multifactorial, but pharmacologic treatment of hyperglycemia is still regarded as the mainstay of diabetes management. Current established therapies include metformin, sulfonylurea agents and insulin, the long-term use of which was associated with reduced micro- and macrovascular events in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study. Despite major recent advances in diabetes care, a large proportion of patients remain in poor glycemic control, necessitating the development of new therapeutic options. The recently published position statement of the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes for the management of hyperglycemia in T2DM has accommodated this wider range of therapy choices, as it is less prescriptive and advocates an individualized treatment approach, taking into account many relevant patient- and disease-related factors. This review summarizes the updates on various established agents as well as the recent developments with regard to incretin-based therapies, inhibitors of the renal tubular sodium-glucose-linked-transporter-2 and ultra-long acting basal insulin formulations.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), De Boelelaan 1117 (room 4A58), PO BOX 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Linde M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Morsink
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diamant
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D015995:Prevalence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents