title: Electroglottographic analysis of actresses and nonactresses' voices in different levels of intensity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies with long-term average spectrum (LTAS) showed the importance of the glottal source for understanding the projected voices of actresses. In this study, electroglottographic (EGG) analysis was used to investigate the contribution of the glottal source to the projected voice, comparing actresses and nonactresses' voices, in different levels of intensity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty actresses and 30 nonactresses sustained vowels in habitual, moderate, and loud intensity levels. The EGG variables were contact quotient (CQ), closing quotient (QCQ), and opening quotient (QOQ). Other variables were sound pressure level (SPL) and fundamental frequency (F0). A KayPENTAX EGG was used. Variables were inputted in a general linear model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Actresses showed significantly higher values for SPL, in all levels, and both groups increased SPL significantly while changing from habitual to moderate and further to loud. There were no significant differences between groups for EGG quotients. There were significant differences between the levels only for F0 and CQ for both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPL was significantly higher among actresses in all intensity levels, but in the EGG analysis, no differences were found. This apparently weak contribution of the glottal source in the supposedly projected voices of actresses, contrary to previous LTAS studies, might be because of a higher subglottal pressure or perhaps greater vocal tract contribution in SPL. Results from the present study suggest that trained subjects did not produce a significant higher SPL than untrained individuals by increasing the cost in terms of higher vocal fold collision and hence more impact stress. Future researches should explore the difference between trained and nontrained voices by aerodynamic measurements to evaluate the relationship between physiologic findings and the acoustic and EGG data. Moreover, further studies should consider both types of vocal tasks, sustained vowel and running speech, for both EGG and LTAS analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Performing Arts, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. suely.master@gmail.com
authors.forename: Suely
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Master
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Helder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carlos de Miranda
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004568:Electrodiagnosis; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D010699:Phonation; D011312:Pressure; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult