title: The pathobiology of two Indonesian H5N1 avian influenza viruses representing different clade 2.1 sublineages in chickens and ducks.
abstract: To determine the pathobiology of Indonesian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza, two viruses representing clades 2.1.1 and 2.1.3 were inoculated into broiler chickens and Pekin ducks via the eyes, nostrils and oropharynx. In chickens, both viruses produced fulminant disease; tissue tropism was broad but predominantly endothelial and viral loads in tissues were high. Except for one case of meningoencephalitis, the infection in ducks was sub-clinical, leading only to seroconversion. In these ducks, virus and viral antigen occurred in lower amounts, mainly in the respiratory tract (airsac and sinuses), prior to day 7 after inoculation. During clinical disease, chickens shed high virus titres orally and cloacally. Ducks intermittently shed low virus titres from the oral route for up to 8 days post-inoculation. We discuss the significance of the data for understanding the pathogenesis and pathobiology of Indonesian H5N1 in chickens and ducks.
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)-Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Hendra
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wibawa
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: Harimurti
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nuradji
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lowther
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lunt
authors.forename: Akhmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Junaidi
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meers
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D002645:Chickens; D004372:Ducks; D014644:Genetic Variation; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D056189:Viral Tropism; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D014764:Viral Proteins; C487630:NA protein, influenza A virus; D009439:Neuraminidase