title: Screening and treatment of childhood type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan.
abstract: A large number of children with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a small number with a slowly progressive form of type 1 diabetes mellitus (SPT1DM) have been detected by a urine glucose screening program conducted at Japanese schools since 1974. The incidence of T2DM in children has increased over the last 3 decades and is estimated to be approximately 3.0/100,000/year, which is twice as that of T1DM. In contrast, SPT1DM in children is more prevalent in Asians, particularly Japanese, and exhibits unique clinical features that differ from those of the rapid onset form of T1DM, usually seen in Caucasians. In the first part of this review, we summarize the urine glucose screening program conducted at Japanese schools and clinical characteristics of the 2 diabetic subtypes in Japanese children. In recent years, concerns regarding childhood diabetes in Asian countries, including Japan, have risen, and medical care for the same is exceedingly developing. Intensive insulin therapy such as basal-bolus therapy by multiple daily insulin injections and pump therapy, both using insulin analogs, has been increasing in pediatric patients with T1DM. In addition, various antidiabetic medications have been introduced for children with T2DM. In the second part of this review, we describe treatment of Japanese children with T1DM and T2DM and changes in glycemic control as a result of development of the treatment.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. urakami.tatsuhiko@nihon-u.ac.jp
authors: Tatsuhiko
authors: T
authors: Urakami
authors: Junichi
authors: J
authors: Suzuki
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Mugishima
authors: Shin
authors: S
authors: Amemiya
authors: Shigetaka
authors: S
authors: Sugihara
authors: Tomoyuki
authors: T
authors: Kawamura
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Kikuchi
authors: Nozomu
authors: N
authors: Sasaki
authors: Nobuo
authors: N
authors: Matsuura
authors: Teruo
authors: T
authors: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents