title: Urinary macrophage migration inhibitory factor serves as a potential biomarker for acute kidney injury in patients with acute pyelonephritis.
abstract: Conventional markers of kidney function that are familiar to clinicians, including the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, are unable to reveal genuine injury to the kidney, and their use may delay treatment. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine, and the predictive role and pathogenic mechanism of MIF deregulation during kidney infections involving acute kidney injury (AKI) are not currently known. In this study, we showed that elevated urinary MIF levels accompanied the development of AKI during kidney infection in patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN). In addition to the MIF level, the urinary levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 were also upregulated and were positively correlated with the levels of urinary MIF. An elevated urinary MIF level, along with elevated IL-1β and KIM-1 levels, is speculated to be a potential biomarker for the presence of AKI in APN patients.
authors: Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors: Ming-Yuan
authors: MY
authors: Hong
authors: Chin-Chung
authors: CC
authors: Tseng
authors: Chia-Chang
authors: CC
authors: Chuang
authors: Chia-Ling
authors: CL
authors: Chen
authors: Sheng-Hsiang
authors: SH
authors: Lin
authors: Chiou-Feng
authors: CF
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000652:urine; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000652:urine*; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4