title: Effect of intraperitoneal radiotelemetry instrumentation on voluntary wheel running and surgical recovery in mice.
abstract: Radiotelemetry transmitters support tracking of physiologic variables in conscious animals, but the size of the transmitter may alter animal health and behavior. We hypothesized that the size of the device adversely affects body weight, food intake, water intake, circadian core temperature,  activity, voluntary running patterns, and the health of internal organs and that these negative effects can be minimized with smaller transmitter devices. Male C57BL/6J mice (weight, 20 to 24 g) were implanted with small (1.1 g, 0.52 mL) or large (3.5 g, 1.75 mL) radiotransmitters. Recovery  of presurgical body weight, food intake, and water intake occurred within 3 d in mice implanted with small transmitter and 9 d in those with large transmitters. Mice with small transmitters displayed robust circadian core body temperature and activity patterns within 1 d after surgery, whereas  activity was depressed in mice with large transmitters throughout experimentation. The most robust effects of the large transmitter included significantly reduced voluntary running, which never recovered to baseline, and inflammation of the diaphragm, large intestine, and duodenum. These results  demonstrate that the large transmitter delayed surgical recovery, disrupted normal growth, reduced voluntary running, and induced inflammatory reactions of the internal organs of mice. The choice of radiotelemetry transmitter can significantly affect the health and wellbeing of experimental  mice as well as data quality, such that the smallest transmitter device available and appropriate to the situation should be chosen for experimentation.
authors: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Thermal Mountain Medicine Division, Natick, Massachusetts, USA. bryan.helwig@us.army.mil
authors: Bryan G
authors: BG
authors: Helwig
authors: Jermaine A
authors: JA
authors: Ward
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Blaha
authors: Lisa R
authors: LR
authors: Leon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001835:Body Weight; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000473:pathology; D004326:Drinking; D004386:Duodenum / Q000473:pathology; D004435:Eating; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods