title: Sexually transmitted infections among HIV-infected adults in HIV care programs in Kenya: a national sample of HIV clinics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying sexually transmitted infections (STI) in HIV-infected individuals has potential to benefit individual and public health. There are few guidelines regarding routine STI screening in sub-Saharan African HIV programs. We determined sexual risk behavior and prevalence and correlates of STI in a national survey of large HIV treatment programs in Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mobile screening team visited 39 (95%) of the 42 largest HIV care programs in Kenya and enrolled participants using population-proportionate systematic sampling. Participants provided behavioral and clinical data. Genital and blood specimens were tested for trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and CD4 T-lymphocyte counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1661 adults, 41% reported no sexual partners in the past 3 months. Among those who reported sex in the past 3 months, 63% of women reported condom use during this encounter compared with 77% of men (P < 0.001). Trichomoniasis was the most common STI in women (10.9%) and men (2.8%); prevalences of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis were low (<1%-2%). Among women, younger age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.96 per year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-0.98) and primary school education or lower level (adjusted OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.37-3.40) were independently associated with trichomoniasis, whereas CD4 count, cotrimoxazole use, and reported condom use were not. Reported condom use at last sex was associated with reporting that the clinic provided condoms among both women (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.17-2.35) and men (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.18-4.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women attending Kenyan HIV care programs had a 10.9% prevalence of trichomoniasis, suggesting that screening for this infection may be useful. Condom provision at clinics may enhance secondary HIV prevention efforts.
authors: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors: Benson
authors: B
authors: Singa
authors: Sara Nelson
authors: SN
authors: Glick
authors: Naomi
authors: N
authors: Bock
authors: Judd
authors: J
authors: Walson
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Chaba
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Odek
authors: R Scott
authors: RS
authors: McClelland
authors: Gaston
authors: G
authors: Djomand
authors: Hongjiang
authors: H
authors: Gao
authors: Grace
authors: G
authors: John-Stewart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012747:Sexual Partners; D013587:Syphilis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*