title: Genetic analysis of the VP4/VP2 coding region in human rhinovirus species C in patients with acute respiratory infection in Japan.
abstract: Detailed genetic analysis was carried out of the VP4/VP2 coding region in human rhinovirus species C (HRV-C) strains detected in patients with acute respiratory infection in Japan. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbour-joining (NJ) and maximum-likelihood (ML) methods. The NJ phylogenetic tree assigned 11 genotypes to the present strains, whilst the ML tree showed that the strains diversified sometime in the early 1870 s. Moreover, the pairwise distance among the present strains was relatively long, and the rate of molecular evolution of the coding region was rapid (3.07 × 10(-3) substitutions per site per year). The results suggest that the present HRV-C strains have a wide genetic divergence and a unique evolutionary timescale.
authors: Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Uto-shi, Kumamoto 869-0425, Japan.
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Kiyota
authors: Tochigi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi 329-1196, Japan.
authors: Izumi
authors: I
authors: Kushibuchi
authors: Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan.
authors: Miho
authors: M
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Tsukagoshi
authors: Department of Molecular Biodefence Research, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
authors: Akihide
authors: A
authors: Ryo
authors: Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Uto-shi, Kumamoto 869-0425, Japan.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Nishimura
authors: Tochigi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi 329-1196, Japan.
authors: Asumi
authors: A
authors: Hirata-Saito
authors: Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Uto-shi, Kumamoto 869-0425, Japan.
authors: Seiya
authors: S
authors: Harada
authors: Tochigi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi 329-1196, Japan.
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Arakawa
authors: Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan.
authors: Kunihisa
authors: K
authors: Kozawa
authors: Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Noda
authors: Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000821:virology*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins