title: Ridge preservation comparing socket allograft alone to socket allograft plus facial overlay xenograft: a clinical and histologic study in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies of ridge preservation showed a loss of ≈18% or 1.5 mm of crestal ridge width in spite of treatment. The primary aim of this randomized, controlled, masked clinical trial is to compare a socket graft to the same treatment plus a buccal overlay graft, both with a polylactide membrane, to determine if loss of ridge width can be prevented by use of an overlay graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients who served as positive controls received an intrasocket mineralized cancellous allograft (socket group), and 12 patients received the same socket graft procedure plus buccal overlay cancellous xenograft (overlay group). Horizontal ridge dimensions were measured with a digital caliper, and vertical ridge changes were measured from a stent. Before implant placement, at 4 months, a trephine core was obtained for histologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean horizontal ridge width at the crest for the socket group decreased from 8.7 ± 1.0 to 7.1 ± 1.5 mm for a mean loss of 1.6 ± 0.8 mm (P <0.05), whereas the same measurement for the overlay group decreased from 8.4 ± 1.4 to 8.1 ± 1.4 mm for a mean loss of 0.3 ± 0.9 mm (P >0.05). The overlay group was significantly different from the socket group (P <0.05). Histologic analysis revealed that the socket group had 35% ± 16% vital bone, and the overlay group had 40% ± 16% (P >0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overlay treatment significantly prevented loss of ridge width and preserved or augmented the buccal contour. The socket and overlay groups healed with a high percentage of vital bone.
authors: Private Practice, Athens, Greece.
authors: Evmenios
authors: E
authors: Poulias
authors: Henry
authors: H
authors: Greenwell
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Hill
authors: Dean
authors: D
authors: Morton
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Vidal
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Shumway
authors: Thomas L
authors: TL
authors: Peterson
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D064591:Allografts / Q000637:transplantation*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002417:Cattle; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods; D064593:Heterografts / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D015607:Stents; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000601:surgery; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011091:Polyesters; C033616:poly(lactide)