title: Compartmentalization of lipid peroxidation in sepsis by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria: experimental and clinical evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence suggests a link between excess lipid peroxidation and specific organ failures in sepsis. No study has been performed in sepsis by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lethal sepsis was induced in rats by the intraperitoneal injection of one MDR isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Produced malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in tissues 5 hours after bacterial challenge with the thiobarbiturate assay followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results were compared with those from a cohort of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and sepsis by MDR Gram-negative bacteria. More precisely, serum MDA was measured on 7 consecutive days, and it was correlated with clinical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MDA of septic rats was greater in the liver, spleen, and aortic wall, and it was lower in the right kidney compared with sham operated-on animals. Findings were confirmed by the studied cohort. Circulating MDA was greater in patients with hepatic dysfunction and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared with patients without any organ failures. The opposite was found for patients with acute renal dysfunction. No differences were found between patients with ARDS without or with cardiovascular (CV) failure and patients without any organ failure. Serial measurements of MDA in serum of patients indicated that levels of MDA were greater in survivors of hepatic dysfunction and ARDS and lower in survivors of acute renal dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Animal findings and results of human sepsis are complementary, and they suggest a compartmentalization of lipid peroxidation in systemic infections by MDR gram-negative bacteria.
authors: Chryssoula
authors: C
authors: Toufekoula
authors: Vassileios
authors: V
authors: Papadakis
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Tsaganos
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Routsi
authors: Stylianos E
authors: SE
authors: Orfanos
authors: Anastasia
authors: A
authors: Kotanidou
authors: Dionyssia-Pinelopi
authors: DP
authors: Carrer
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Raftogiannis
authors: Fotini
authors: F
authors: Baziaka
authors: Evangelos J
authors: EJ
authors: Giamarellos-Bourboulis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde