title: Electrical stimulation of left anterior thalamic nucleus with high-frequency and low-intensity currents reduces the rate of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bilateral electrical stimulation of anterior nuclei of thalamus (ANT) has shown promising effects on epileptic seizures. However, bilateral implantation increases the risk of surgical complications and side effects. This study was undertaken to access the effectiveness of a stimulation paradigm involving high frequency and low intensity currents to stimulate the left ANT in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes, and an additional concentric bipolar stimulation electrode into either the left or right ANT. The stimulus was a train of pulses (90 μs duration each) delivered with a frequency of 200 Hz and a current intensity of 50 μA. Thalamic stimuli were started 1 h before the first intraperitoneal pilocarpine injection (i.p., 300 mg/kg), and were applied for 5 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EEG documented seizure activity and status epilepticus (SE) developed in 87.5% of rats treated with no ANT stimulation after a single dose of pilocarpine. Left ANT stimulation significantly increased the tolerance threshold for pilocarpine-induced EEG seizure activity; 20% of rats developed their EEG documented seizure activity after receiving the first dose, whereas 50%, 10% and 20% of rats did not develop seizure activity until they had received the 2nd, 3rd and 4th pilocarpine injection at 1-h intervals. Moreover, left thalamic stimulation reduced the occurrences of both EEG documented seizure activity and SE induced by single-dose pilocarpine to 25%. However, our result demonstrated that little effect on the occurrence rate of seizures and SE was found when rats received right ANT stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that continuously 5-h left ANT stimulation with high frequency and low intensity currents, beginning from 1h before the pilocarpine administration, may successfully reduce the occurrence rate of EEG documented seizure activity and SE development in rats.
authors: Department of Neurology, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Shuo-Bin
authors: SB
authors: Jou
authors: I-Feng
authors: IF
authors: Kao
authors: Pei-Lu
authors: PL
authors: Yi
authors: Fang-Chia
authors: FC
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020643:Anterior Thalamic Nuclei / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010862:Pilocarpine; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010862:Pilocarpine