title: Matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression in response to double-stranded RNA in human chondrocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) expression in chondrocytes via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Differential expression of PRRs was determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of RNA from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and patients with femoral neck fracture (as normal control). Isolated human articular chondrocytes and the chondrosarcoma cell line SW-1353 were activated with poly(I-C) of different molecular weights as a dsRNA mimic, and changes in gene and protein expression were monitored by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dsRNA signaling moieties Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3), retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-1), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor X1 were all differentially expressed in OA cartilage compared to normal cartilage, as determined by gene expression screening. Depletion of the dsRNA-sensing receptors TLR-3, RIG-1, or melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA-5) suppressed the induction of MMP13 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by poly(I-C), regardless of its mode of delivery. In addition, depletion of the downstream transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 resulted in reduced induction of MMP13 mRNA expression by poly(I-C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Signaling by dsRNA in chondrocytes requires a range of PRRs, including TLR-3, RIG-1, and MDA-5, for the full-induction of MMP13, thus providing tight regulation of a gene critical for maintenance of cartilage integrity. Our data add to the understanding of MMP13 regulation, which is essential before such mechanisms can be exploited to alleviate the cartilage destruction associated with OA.
authors: Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Radwan
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Gavriilidis
authors: John H
authors: JH
authors: Robinson
authors: Rose
authors: R
authors: Davidson
authors: Ian M
authors: IM
authors: Clark
authors: Andrew D
authors: AD
authors: Rowan
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Young
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005265:Femoral Neck Fractures / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009336:Necrosis; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495344:TLR3 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; C452820:RIGI protein, human; C452815:IFIH1 protein, human; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D011070:Poly I-C