title: Ethanol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma reduces acute lung inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and activating Nrf2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The tuber of Alisma orientale Juzepzuk, a medicinal herb that has been used for the treatment of various disorders in Korea, has an anti-inflammatory effect. Here, we investigated a possible underlying mechanism and a protective effect on acute lung injury (ALI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Alisma orientale tuber was extracted in 80% ethanol and dried. The powder of the ethanol extract of Alisma orientale tuber (EEAO) was dissolved in PBS. The effect of EEAO on NF-κB and Nrf2 activities was analyzed with RAW 264.7 cells. The effect of EEAO on lung inflammation was determined by histologic and molecular biological analyses of the lung tissue of C57BL/6 mice that were gavaged once a day with 0.3 or 1.2 g/kg of EEAO for 14 days, prior to an intranasal administration of LPS (0.01 g/kg) for inducing ALI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EEAO pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 cells suppressed NF-κB activity and the expression of its dependent genes including COX-2, IL-1β and iNOS. Similar treatment enhanced Nrf2 activity and the expression of Nrf2-regulated genes including NQO-1, HO-1 and GCLC. LPS instillation induced acute neutrophilic lung inflammation, which was significantly suppressed by pre-treatment with EEAO. Analysis of the lungs revealed that EEAO pre-treatment induced the expression of Nrf2-regulated genes, with concomitant down-regulation of inflammatory gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EEAO attenuated lung inflammation in LPS-induced ALI mice, which was associated with differential regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 activities. We suggest that EEAO can be developed as a potential therapeutics for the treatment of ALI.
authors: School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan 626-789, Republic of Korea.
authors: Chang Woo
authors: CW
authors: Han
authors: Min Jung
authors: MJ
authors: Kwun
authors: Kyun Ha
authors: KH
authors: Kim
authors: Jun-Yong
authors: JY
authors: Choi
authors: Sei-Ryang
authors: SR
authors: Oh
authors: Kyung-Seop
authors: KS
authors: Ahn
authors: Jang Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Myungsoo
authors: M
authors: Joo
mesh_terms: D034901:Alismataceae; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D035281:Plant Tubers; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol