title: Proton MR spectroscopy correlates diffuse axonal abnormalities with post-concussive symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury.
abstract: There are no established biomarkers for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), in part because post-concussive symptoms (PCS) are subjective and conventional imaging is typically unremarkable. To test whether diffuse axonal abnormalities quantified with three-dimensional (3D) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (¹H-MRSI) correlated with patients' PCS, we retrospectively studied 26 mTBI patients (mean Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score of 14.7), 18- to 56-year-olds and 13 controls three to 55 days post-injury. All were scanned at 3 Tesla with T1- and T2-weighted MRI and 3D ¹H-MRSI (480 voxels over 360 cm³, ∼30% of the brain). On scan day, patients completed a symptom questionnaire, and those who indicated at least one of the most common subacute mTBI symptoms (headache, dizziness, sleep disturbance, memory deficits, blurred vision) were grouped as PCS-positive. Global gray matter and white matter (GM/WM) absolute concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) and myo-inositol (mI) in PCS-positive and PCS-negative patients were compared to age- and gender-matched controls using two-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the PCS-negative group (n=11) and controls (n=8) did not differ in any GM or WM metabolite level. The PCS-positive patients (n=15) had lower WM NAA than the controls (n=12; 7.0 ± 0.6 versus 7.9 ± 0.5mM; p=0.0007). Global WM NAA, therefore, showed sensitivity to the TBI sequelae associated with common PCS in patients with mostly normal neuroimaging, as well as GCS scores. This suggests a potential biomarker role in a patient population in which objective measures of injury and symptomatology are currently lacking.
authors: Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors: Ivan I
authors: II
authors: Kirov
authors: Assaf
authors: A
authors: Tal
authors: James S
authors: JS
authors: Babb
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Reaume
authors: Tamara
authors: T
authors: Bushnik
authors: Teresa A
authors: TA
authors: Ashman
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Flanagan
authors: Robert I
authors: RI
authors: Grossman
authors: Oded
authors: O
authors: Gonen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020833:Diffuse Axonal Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011522:Protons; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011522:Protons