title: Evaluation of cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer MTA Fillapex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, radiopacity, pH, and flow of a calcium silicate-based and an epoxy resin-based endodontic sealer, MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and AH Plus (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany), respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxicity, radiopacity, and flow evaluation were performed following ISO requirements. The pH level was measured at periods of 3, 24, 72, and 168 hours. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to check the Balb/c 3T3 cells viability at 1- to 4-week periods. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and the Tukey test with a significance level of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all tested periods, MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than AH Plus (P < .05). Although AH Plus presented higher radiopacity than MTA Fillapex (P < .05), both sealers showed minimum required values. MTA Fillapex presented alkaline pH in all experimental times, whereas AH Plus cement showed a slightly neutral pH and a flow significantly lower than that of MTA Fillapex (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than AH Plus, it showed suitable physicochemical properties for an endodontic sealer.
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. nogueiraemmanuel@hotmail.com
authors: Emmanuel J N L
authors: EJ
authors: Silva
authors: Tiago P
authors: TP
authors: Rosa
authors: Daniel R
authors: DR
authors: Herrera
authors: Rogério C
authors: RC
authors: Jacinto
authors: Brenda P F A
authors: BP
authors: Gomes
authors: Alexandre A
authors: AA
authors: Zaia
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012212:Rheology; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C022616:thiazolyl blue