title: Vitamin D status and concomitant autoimmunity in celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether patients with celiac disease (CD) and low vitamin D levels also have a higher prevalence of other autoimmune diseases (AD) as compared with patients with normal vitamin D levels.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patients with CD carry a higher risk of other autoimmune disorders. Because of its immunoregulatory properties, vitamin D deficiency has been proposed in the pathogenesis of a variety of AD. Whether low vitamin D levels in patients with CD can predict concomitant AD is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional study of 530 adult patients with CD and a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level on record at Columbia University Medical Center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-three patients (25%) had vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of AD was similar among those with normal vitamin D levels (11%), insufficiency (9%), and deficiency (12%, P=0.66). On multivariate analysis, adjusting for age of CD diagnosis and sex, vitamin D deficiency was not associated with AD (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-2.95). The risk of psoriasis was higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency (7% vs. 3%, P=0.04). Vitamin D deficiency was more common in those who presented with anemia (39%) than in those who did not (23% P=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D deficiency in CD is common but does not predict AD. The risk of psoriasis is increased in vitamin D-deficient CD patients. Assessment of vitamin D seems to be a high-yield practice, especially in those CD patients who present with anemia.
authors: Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Tavakkoli
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: DiGiacomo
authors: Peter H
authors: PH
authors: Green
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Lebwohl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D