title: Preliminary evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity of Xanthium strumarium in transplantable tumors in mice.
abstract: In the present study, active fractions of the methanolic extract of Xanthium strumarium (XS) showing potent cytotoxicity were determined using microculture tetrazolium (MTT) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays in selected cancer cell lines. The active fractions viz., chloroform soluble fraction of root (CEXSR), hexane soluble fraction of leaf (HEXSL), hexane soluble fraction of fruits (HEXSF) and chloroform soluble fraction of fruits (CEXSF) of XS were tested in transplantable animal tumor models for their antitumor potential. Dalton's ascitic lymphoma (DLA) cells were used to induce solid and liquid (ascites) tumor in mice. The tumor bearing animals were treated with active fractions at two dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg). The antitumor activities of the active fractions in tumor bearing animals were monitored with parameters such as body weight and increase in life-span as well as biochemical and hematological modalities (in the case of liquid tumor). Tumor incidence and tumor volume were the parameters monitored in the case of the solid tumor model. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The extracts were found to increase the life-span of tumor bearing animals and restore the altered hematological and biochemical parameters significantly.
authors: Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS), Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka,  India.
authors: Jesil Mathew
authors: JM
authors: Aranjani
authors: Atulya
authors: A
authors: Manuel
authors: Chamallamudi
authors: C
authors: Mallikarjuna Rao
authors: Nayanabhirama
authors: N
authors: Udupa
authors: Josyula Venkata
authors: JV
authors: Rao
authors: Ann Mary
authors: AM
authors: Joy
authors: Prajay
authors: P
authors: Gandhi
authors: Ethiraj Kannat
authors: EK
authors: Radhakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D031210:Xanthium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts