title: Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506): stromal and oncogenic multikinase inhibitor with potential activity in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: The introduction of targeted therapies, specifically those that target the VEGF receptor (VEGFR), PDGF receptor (PDGFR) and the mTOR pathways, has significantly changed the approach to patients with unresectable renal cell cancer (RCC). However, drug resistance develops through bypassing of targeted pathways. Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) is a novel bi-aryl urea compound that has potential anti-tumour activity in RCC, as along with targeting VEGF and PDGF receptors, it targets additional kinases associated with alternative pathways of angiogenesis and resistance to VEGF-targeted drugs. Based on a phase II clinical trial, the efficacy outcome of regorafenib in the first-line setting of unresectable RCC appears comparable that of other targeted first-line drugs. However, testing regorafenib in standard phase III trials seems inappropriate in view of its toxic effects. Further assessment of regorafenib should exploit the drug's ability to inhibit mechanisms of escape from anti-angiogenic treatment through biomarker-driven clinical trials.
authors: Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK. Kamarul.Zaki@addenbrookes.nhs.uk
authors: Kamarul
authors: K
authors: Zaki
authors: Shahzeena
authors: S
authors: Aslam
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Eisen
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C559147:regorafenib