title: Current strategies of tissue engineering in talus chondral defects.
abstract: Due to the nature of articular cartilage of being poorly vascularized the capabilities of self repair are limited. Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation is a modern technique which has been developed after the high success rates obtained by microfracturing and drilling techniques which promote the release of growth factors and the infiltration of bone marrow derived cells in the lesion. In order to increase the concentration of bone marrow derived cells appropriate devices, the scaffolds, are necessary. These three dimensional constructs mimic the physiological ambient of chondrogenesis.The race for new scaffold materials, which will show high biocompatibility to prevent inflammatory response, high cellular adhesion properties with three dimensional architecture, high bioactivity to deliver growth factor appropriately and possibly high biodegrability has just begun. New studies will concentrate on the role, on the interaction and on the temporal sequence of growth factors to improve ostheocondral differentiation, but the necessity to increase the number of clinical studies with more patients and longer follow ups seems mandatory. The aim of this review is to update and summarise the evidence-based knowledge of treatment of talus chondral defect with new tissue engineering techniques.
authors: Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Galeazzi Hospital, via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.
authors: Niccolo
authors: N
authors: Martinelli
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Bonifacini
authors: Umile Giuseppe
authors: UG
authors: Longo
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Marinozzi
authors: Pino
authors: P
authors: Florio
authors: Wasim S
authors: WS
authors: Khan
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Denaro
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D013628:Talus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins