title: Newcastle disease virus Malaysian strain AF2240 induces apoptosis in             MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells at an early stage of the virus life cycle.
abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) AF2240 Malaysian strain is a very virulent             avian virus. NDV strain AF2240 was previously demonstrated to induce apoptosis             in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. However, at which stage of the NDV life             cycle apoptosis is induced and whether NDV replication and protein synthesis are             involved in apoptosis induction have yet to be determined. In the present study,             we investigated the time course of NDV strain AF2240 nucleoprotein (NP) gene expression             and the early apoptotic signs in the form of activation of caspase-8 and mitochondrial             transition pore opening. In addition, the induction of apoptosis by both ultraviolet-inactivated             and cycloheximide-treated NDV-infected MCF-7 cells were examined. Our findings             showed that NDV strain AF2240 induced apoptosis at 1 h post-infection (pi) through             activation of mitochondrial transition pore opening and at 2 h through activation             of caspase-8, while the NP gene was expressed at 6 h pi. The induced apoptosis             was independent of both virus replication and protein synthesis. In conclusion,             NDV strain AF2240 induces apoptosis at an early stage of its life cycle, possibly             during virus binding or fusion with the cell membrane. The mitochondrial-related             pathway may be the central activator in NDV strain AF2240-induced apoptosis.
authors: Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti                     Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Ghrici
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: El Zowalaty
authors: Abdul Rahman
authors: AR
authors: Omar
authors: Aini
authors: A
authors: Ideris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008928:Mitochondria; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014709:Vero Cells; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053585:Virus Attachment; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C409209:nucleoprotein, Newcastle disease virus; D003513:Cycloheximide; D053181:Caspase 8