title: Modulation of ER stress and apoptosis by endoplasmic reticulum calcium leak via translocon during unfolded protein response: involvement of GRP78.
abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in many cellular functions, including protein folding and Ca(2+) homeostasis. The ability of cells to respond to the ER stress is critical for cell survival, and disruption in such regulation can lead to apoptosis. ER stress is accompanied by alterations in Ca(2+) homeostasis, and the ER Ca(2+) store depletion by itself can induce ER stress and apoptosis. Despite that, the ER Ca(2+) leak channels activated in response to the ER stress remain poorly characterized. Here we demonstrate that ER Ca(2+) depletion during the ER stress occurs via translocon, the ER protein complex involved in translation. Numerous ER stress inducers stimulate the ER Ca(2+) leak that can be prevented by translocon inhibitor, anisomycin. Expression of GRP78, an ER stress marker, increased following treatment with puromycin (a translocon opener) and was suppressed by anisomycin, confirming a primary role of translocon in ER stress induction. Inhibition of ER store depletion by anisomycin significantly reduces apoptosis stimulated by the ER stress inducers. We suggest that translocon opening is physiologically modulated by GRP78, particularly during the ER stress. The ability to modulate the ER Ca(2+) permeability and subsequent ER stress can lead to development of a novel therapeutic approach.
authors: Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire (Cellular Physiology Laboratory), Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1003, Université Lille I, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Hammadi
authors: Agathe
authors: A
authors: Oulidi
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Gackière
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Katsogiannou
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Slomianny
authors: Morad
authors: M
authors: Roudbaraki
authors: Etienne
authors: E
authors: Dewailly
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Delcourt
authors: Gilbert
authors: G
authors: Lepage
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Lotteau
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Ducreux
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Prevarskaya
authors: Fabien
authors: F
authors: Van Coppenolle
mesh_terms: D000841:Anisomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011691:Puromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D011691:Puromycin; D000841:Anisomycin; D002118:Calcium