title: Cerebrospinal fluid high-mobility group box protein 1 in neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are two autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases in the central nervous system. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of these diseases. High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) can activate the nuclear factor light chain enhancer of activated B cells and release cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-17. However, whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HMGB1 levels were altered in NMO and MS patients is still unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It was our aim to measure the CSF HMGB1 concentration in NMO patients and explore their relationship with IL-6, IL-17 and disease activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF HMGB1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in NMO (n = 22) and MS (n = 18) patients as well as in controls (n = 14).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF HMGB1 was notably higher in the NMO group compared with controls (p = 0.007). CSF HMGB1 positively correlated with IL-6 and IL-17 in NMO patients (IL-6, p = 0.034; IL-17, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our study suggests that CSF levels of HMGB1 are increased in patients with NMO and reflect the neuroinflammatory process.
authors: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors: Honghao
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Wang
authors: Conghui
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Fangcheng
authors: F
authors: Xu
authors: Xiaonan
authors: X
authors: Zhong
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Qiu
authors: Xueqiang
authors: X
authors: Hu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6