title: A graphics processing unit accelerated motion correction algorithm and modular system for real-time fMRI.
abstract: Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) has recently gained interest as a possible means to facilitate the learning of certain behaviors. However, rt-fMRI is limited by processing speed and available software, and continued development is needed for rt-fMRI to progress further and become feasible for clinical use. In this work, we present an open-source rt-fMRI system for biofeedback powered by a novel Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) accelerated motion correction strategy as part of the BioImage Suite project ( www.bioimagesuite.org ). Our system contributes to the development of rt-fMRI by presenting a motion correction algorithm that provides an estimate of motion with essentially no processing delay as well as a modular rt-fMRI system design. Using empirical data from rt-fMRI scans, we assessed the quality of motion correction in this new system. The present algorithm performed comparably to standard (non real-time) offline methods and outperformed other real-time methods based on zero order interpolation of motion parameters. The modular approach to the rt-fMRI system allows the system to be flexible to the experiment and feedback design, a valuable feature for many applications. We illustrate the flexibility of the system by describing several of our ongoing studies. Our hope is that continuing development of open-source rt-fMRI algorithms and software will make this new technology more accessible and adaptable, and will thereby accelerate its application in the clinical and cognitive neurosciences.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. dustin.scheinost@yale.edu
authors: Dustin
authors: D
authors: Scheinost
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Hampson
authors: Maolin
authors: M
authors: Qiu
authors: Jitendra
authors: J
authors: Bhawnani
authors: R Todd
authors: RT
authors: Constable
authors: Xenophon
authors: X
authors: Papademetris
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003196:Computer Graphics; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009038:Motion; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen