title: Trace metals, anions and polybromodiphenyl ethers in settled indoor dust and their association.
abstract: Contaminants in settled indoor dust are potentially health hazardous to human. Thus, identification and quantification of toxic chemicals in settled indoor dust is of great concern. In this study, the levels of major anions ([Formula: see text]), trace metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, As and Pb) and polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in settled office and home dust were determined and correlations between the contaminants investigated. Depending on the available materials in both microenvironments, the most possible sources were identified. The results showed that the settled office dusts (n = 6 pooled samples from 85 offices) were more contaminated than home dusts (n = 8 homes). For anions, [Formula: see text] and Cl(-) accounted for 87 and 97% of the total office and home dust contaminants, respectively. For trace metals, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn, accounted for 98% of the contaminants in both office and home dust samples. Fe exhibited the highest percentage of 76.7 and 87.3% in office and home dust samples, respectively. For PBDEs, the mean concentrations detected in office and home dust ranged between 5.8-86.3 and 1.5-20.6 ng g(-1), respectively. The log-transformed correlation between the total concentrations of trace metals and major anions detected in offices and homes was positive for offices and negative for homes with a statistically significant values (r = 0.73, p < 0.01; r = -0.22, p < 0.01, respectively). The daily exposure rates determined for the most hazardous such as As, Cd, Pb and PBDEs congeners, relative to the individual concentrations reported in the literature in settled indoor dust, were found very lower. Therefore, maybe it is possible to expect less potential health risk. Investigation of formation of coordination compounds between trace metals and PBDEs congeners is possible; however, this requires further study.
authors: Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Environmental, Water & Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa. kefenikk@tut.ac.za
authors: Kebede K
authors: KK
authors: Kefeni
authors: Jonathan O
authors: JO
authors: Okonkwo
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D000838:Anions / Q000032:analysis; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D004391:Dust; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D008670:Metals; C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether