title: Fungicides and the effects of mycotoxins on milling fractions of irrigated rice.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fungicides on rice cultivation, regarding the occurrence and the distribution of mycotoxins in fractions of the processed grain, by a validated chromatographic method. A method based on extraction with acetonitrile:water, determination by HPLC-DAD, and confirmation by LC-MS was validated before the mycotoxin evaluation. Control samples and samples to which triazole fungicides had been applied were collected from experimental fields for four years. Results showed that 87% of the samples were contaminated with deoxynivalenol or zearalenone, and that all samples treated with fungicide were contaminated with some of these mycotoxins. Aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A were found in 37% of the samples; half of them had been treated with fungicide. Therefore, fungicides tend to be stressors for toxigenic fungi found in the fields.
authors: Laboratório de Ciências de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. dorsgi@yahoo.com.br
authors: Giniani Carla
authors: GC
authors: Dors
authors: Sergiane Souza
authors: SS
authors: Caldas
authors: Helen Cristina dos Santos
authors: HC
authors: Hackbart
authors: Ednei Gilberto
authors: EG
authors: Primel
authors: Carlos Alberto Alves
authors: CA
authors: Fagundes
authors: Eliana
authors: E
authors: Badiale-Furlong
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009183:Mycotoxins