title: Caffeine consumption and risk of dyskinesia in CALM-PD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists reduce or prevent the development of dyskinesia in animal models of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the association between self-reported intake of the A2A receptor antagonist caffeine and time to dyskinesia in the Comparison of the Agonist Pramipexole with Levodopa on Motor Complications of Parkinson's Disease (CALM-PD) and CALM Cohort extension studies, using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, baseline Parkinson's severity, site, and initial treatment with pramipexole or levodopa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For subjects who consumed >12 ounces of coffee/day, the adjusted hazard ratio for the development of dyskinesia was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.37-1.01) compared with subjects who consumed <4 ounces/day. For subjects who consumed between 4 and 12 ounces/day, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.46-1.15; test for trend, P = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the possibility that caffeine may reduce the likelihood of developing dyskinesia.
authors: Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Anne-Marie A
authors: AM
authors: Wills
authors: Shirley
authors: S
authors: Eberly
authors: Marsha
authors: M
authors: Tennis
authors: Anthony E
authors: AE
authors: Lang
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Messing
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Togasaki
authors: Caroline M
authors: CM
authors: Tanner
authors: Cornelia
authors: C
authors: Kamp
authors: Jiang-Fan
authors: JF
authors: Chen
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Oakes
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: McDermott
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Schwarzschild
mesh_terms: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D000077487:Pramipexole; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002110:Caffeine; D007980:Levodopa; D000077487:Pramipexole