title: Experimental techniques for imaging and measuring transient vapor nanobubbles.
abstract: Imaging and measuring transient vapor bubbles at nanoscale pose certain experimental challenges due to their reduced dimensions and lifetimes, especially in a single event experiment. Here, we analyze three techniques that employ optical scattering and acoustic detection in identifying and quantifying individual photothermally induced vapor nanobubbles (NBs) at a wide range of excitation energies. In optically transparent media, the best quantitative detection can be achieved by measuring the duration of the optical scattering time-response, while in an opaque media, the amplitude of the acoustic time-response well describes NBs in the absence of stress waves.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
authors: E Y
authors: EY
authors: Lukianova-Hleb
authors: D O
authors: DO
authors: Lapotko