title: Bio-conversion of apple pomace into ethanol and acetic acid: Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation.
abstract: Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose present in apple pomace was investigated using process variables such as enzyme activity of commercial cellulase, pectinase and β-glucosidase, temperature, pH, time, pre-treatments and end product separation. The interaction of enzyme activity, temperature, pH and time had a significant effect (P<0.05) on release of glucose. Optimal conditions of enzymatic saccharification were: enzyme activity of cellulase, 43units; pectinase, 183units; β-glucosidase, 41units/g dry matter (DM); temperature, 40°C; pH 4.0 and time, 24h. The sugars were fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisae yielding 19.0g ethanol/100g DM. Further bio-conversion using Acetobacter aceti resulted in the production of acetic acid at a concentration of 61.4g/100g DM. The present study demonstrates an improved process of enzymatic hydrolysis of apple pomace to yield sugars and concomitant bioconversion to produce ethanol and acetic acid.
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3.
authors: Indu
authors: I
authors: Parmar
authors: H P Vasantha
authors: HP
authors: Rupasinghe
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D044602:Cellulases / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D027845:Malus / Q000378:metabolism*; D010368:Pectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols; D000431:Ethanol; D010368:Pectins; D002482:Cellulose; D044602:Cellulases; D019342:Acetic Acid