title: [Management of fungal pyelonephritis with percutaneous pyelostomy in infants].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the management of fungal pyelonephritis in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 5 cases with fungal pyelonephritis, including the clinical situation, laboratory examination, feature of imaging, and treatment were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the 5 cases were preterm and low birth weight infants. In 3 cases the disease was unilateral, in 2 cases were bilateral, and acute renal failure occurred. Fungus balls presented on imaging. Urine culture was positive of Candida albicans. Treatment with percutaneous nephrostomy, irrigation and antifungal agent were associated with good prognosis. Only 1 case died. The surviving patients were followed up for 10 - 20 months and the results showed normal growth and development. B-mode ultrasound examination did not show any malformation of the urinary system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fungal pyelonephritis was commom in preterm infants. Candida albicans was the major pathogenic microorganism. Percutaneous nephrostomy and drainage were effective in patients with urinary obstruction in relief of obstruction, early diagnosis and control of infection.
authors: Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Shen
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Xu
authors: Li-ping
authors: LP
authors: Shi
authors: Jian-hua
authors: JH
authors: Mao
authors: Jing-jing
authors: JJ
authors: Ye
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D002918:Chymotrypsin