title: Antibody orientation on biosensor surfaces: a minireview.
abstract: Detection elements play a key role in analyte recognition in biosensors. Therefore, detection elements with high analyte specificity and binding strength are required. While antibodies (Abs) have been increasingly used as detection elements in biosensors, a key challenge remains - the immobilization on the biosensor surface. This minireview highlights recent approaches to immobilize and study Abs on surfaces. We first introduce Ab species used as detection elements, and discuss techniques recently used to elucidate Ab orientation by determination of layer thickness or surface topology. Then, several immobilization methods will be presented: non-covalent and covalent surface attachment, yielding oriented or random coupled Abs. Finally, protein modification methods applicable for oriented Ab immobilization are reviewed with an eye to future application.
authors: Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Anke K
authors: AK
authors: Trilling
authors: Jules
authors: J
authors: Beekwilder
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Zuilhof
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007368:Interferometry; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D033363:Neutron Diffraction; D011487:Protein Conformation; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized