title: In vitro cytokine release profile: predictive value for metastatic potential in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have devastating morbidity rates with mortality mainly because of metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assay a variety of cytokine levels secreted by a panel of stage-specific and anatomic site-specific primary, and recurrent and metastatic University of Michigan-HNSCC cell lines over a 72-hour time course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conditioned medium from metastatic or recurrent HNSCC showed significantly higher amounts of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-6 receptor, tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) than nonmetastatic cells or normal oral keratinocytes. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was only secreted by stage IV, metastatic, or recurrence-derived cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cytokine profile of cultured HNSCC cells suggests that high levels of IL-6 and IL-6R, TGF-β, and VEGF are significantly related with their metastatogenic potential and provide rationale for determining if serum testing for a combination of these 4 soluble factors could be of predictive value for the HNSCC tumor progression and clinical outcome.
authors: Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors: Omar
authors: O
authors: Shkeir
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Athanassiou-Papaefthymiou
authors: Martian
authors: M
authors: Lapadatescu
authors: Petros
authors: P
authors: Papagerakis
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Czerwinski
authors: Carol R
authors: CR
authors: Bradford
authors: Thomas E
authors: TE
authors: Carey
authors: Mark E P
authors: ME
authors: Prince
authors: Gregory T
authors: GT
authors: Wolf
authors: Silvana
authors: S
authors: Papagerakis
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000556:secondary*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: cell lines; clinical outcome; cytokines profiling; head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC); metastasis; multiplex analysis