title: Caregiver status: a simple marker to identify cardiac surgery patients at risk for longer postoperative length of stay, rehospitalization, or death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients who have undergone cardiac surgery, especially those with greater comorbidities, may be cared for by family members or paid aides.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between having a caregiver among patients who underwent cardiac surgery and clinical outcomes at 1 year. We hypothesized that patients with a caregiver would have longer lengths of stay and higher rehospitalization or death rates 1 year after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 665 patients consecutively admitted for cardiac surgery as part of the Family Cardiac Caregiver Investigation To Evaluate Outcomes sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The participants (mean age, 65 years; women, 35%; racial/ethnic minorities, 21%) completed an interviewer-assisted questionnaire to determine caregiver status. Outcomes were documented by a hospital-based information system; demographics/comorbidities, by electronic records. Associations between having a caregiver and outcomes were evaluated by logistic regression, adjusted for demographic and comorbid conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 28% of the patients (n = 183) had a caregiver (8%, paid; 20%, informal only). Having a caregiver was associated with longer (>7 days) postoperative length of stay in univariate analysis among the patients with paid (odds ratio [OR], 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57-5.74) or informal (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.04-2.31) caregivers versus none; the association remained significant for the patients with paid (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.00-4.55) but not with informal (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.70-1.80) caregivers after adjustment. Having a paid caregiver was significantly associated with rehospitalization/death at 1 year in univariate analysis (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.18-3.69); having an informal caregiver was not (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.94-2.06). Increased odds of rehospitalization/death associated with having a paid caregiver attenuated after adjustment (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.74-2.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients who underwent cardiac surgery who had a paid caregiver had a significantly longer length of stay independent of comorbidity. The increased risk of rehospitalization/death associated with having a paid caregiver was explained by demographics and comorbidity. These data suggest that caregiver status assessment may be a simple method to identify cardiac surgery patients at increased risk for adverse clinical outcomes.
authors: Heidi Mochari-Greenberger, PhD, MPH Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York. Matthew Mosca, BA Student, Cardiovascular Science Program, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona. Brooke Aggarwal, EdD, MS Associate Research Scientist, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York. Tianna M. Umann, PA-C, MA Director of Clinical Informatics, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York. Lori Mosca, MD, MPH, PhD Professor, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York.
authors: Heidi
authors: H
authors: Mochari-Greenberger
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Mosca
authors: Brooke
authors: B
authors: Aggarwal
authors: Tianna M
authors: TM
authors: Umann
authors: Lori
authors: L
authors: Mosca
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies