title: Maternal vitamin D status and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the associations between maternal vitamin D status and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched electronic databases of the human literature in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library up to October, 2012 using the following keywords: "vitamin D" and "status" or "deficiency" or "insufficiency" and "pregnancy". A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on observational studies that reported the association between maternal blood vitamin D levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth or small-for-gestational age (SGA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Women with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level less than 50 nmol/l in pregnancy experienced an increased risk of preeclampsia [odds ratio (OR) 2.09 (95% confidence intervals 1.50-2.90)], GDM [OR 1.38 (1.12-1.70)], preterm birth [OR 1.58 (1.08-2.31)] and SGA [OR 1.52 (1.08-2.15)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low maternal vitamin D levels in pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia, GDM, preterm birth and SGA.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. shu.qin.wei@umontreal.ca
authors: Shu-Qin
authors: SQ
authors: Wei
authors: Hui-Ping
authors: HP
authors: Qi
authors: Zhong-Cheng
authors: ZC
authors: Luo
authors: William D
authors: WD
authors: Fraser
mesh_terms: D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D