title: Genome-wide quantitative enhancer activity maps identified by STARR-seq.
abstract: Genomic enhancers are important regulators of gene expression, but their identification is a challenge, and methods depend on indirect measures of activity. We developed a method termed STARR-seq to directly and quantitatively assess enhancer activity for millions of candidates from arbitrary sources of DNA, which enables screens across entire genomes. When applied to the Drosophila genome, STARR-seq identifies thousands of cell type-specific enhancers across a broad continuum of strengths, links differential gene expression to differences in enhancer activity, and creates a genome-wide quantitative enhancer map. This map reveals the highly complex regulation of transcription, with several independent enhancers for both developmental regulators and ubiquitously expressed genes. STARR-seq can be used to identify and quantify enhancer activity in other eukaryotes, including humans.
authors: Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria.
authors: Cosmas D
authors: CD
authors: Arnold
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Gerlach
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Stelzer
authors: Łukasz M
authors: ŁM
authors: Boryń
authors: Martina
authors: M
authors: Rath
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Stark
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014158:Transcription, Genetic