title: Post-traumatic stress symptoms after elective lumbar arthrodesis are associated with reduced clinical benefit.
abstract: METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of postoperative post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on clinical outcomes after lumbar arthrodesis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Postoperative PTSD symptoms occur among many patients who underwent elective lumbar fusion. Although adverse impact of preoperative depression and psychiatric distress has been described, no reports have assessed the impact of postoperative PTSD symptoms on clinical outcomes after lumbar arthrodesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three patients undergoing elective lumbar spinal arthrodesis completed the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Short-Form 36 and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were completed preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. Impact of postoperative PTSD symptoms, preoperative psychiatric diagnoses, and mental composite scores on clinical outcome scores and likelihood of reaching minimal clinically important difference for ODI and physical composite score (PCS) was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTSD symptoms were reported in 22% of the cohort, with significantly reduced surgical benefit as measured by final (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.003) and total change (P = 0.013 and P = 0.032) in ODI and PCS scores, respectively. Likelihood of reaching minimal clinically important difference for both ODI and PCS was also reduced for patients reporting PTSD symptoms (P = 0.009 and P = 0.001, respectively). A preoperative psychiatric diagnosis correlated only with final ODI score (P = 0.008). Preoperative mental composite scores were significantly correlated with final ODI and PCS scores, as well as final change from preoperative and likelihood of reaching minimal clinically important difference for PCS, but not for ODI scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative psychological distress was strongly correlated with reduced clinical benefit among patients who underwent elective lumbar arthrodesis, and seemed to be a stronger predictor of reduced clinical benefit than either major psychiatric diagnosis or preoperative mental composite scores. Efforts to reduce postoperative psychological distress may offer an opportunity to enhance patient reported clinical outcomes from elective spine surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  2.
authors: Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. hartro@ohsu.edu
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Hart
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Perry
authors: Shannon
authors: S
authors: Hiratzka
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Kane
authors: Kate
authors: K
authors: Deisseroth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult