title: Depression in heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review aims to provide a general overview of the recent advances in understanding of depression as it pertains to heart failure. The focus is to impart an up to date knowledge in this field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mortality associated with heart failure remains high despite recent pharmacologic interventions that have improved survival. The situation is complicated by recent recognition of depression being widespread in this population. Depression is a hard diagnosis, as some of the features coincide with the symptoms of heart failure. Recently the psychological sequelae of depression have been under major scrutiny, as it has been associated with increased morbidity. In addition, current data are quite compelling on prevalence of depression in heart failure patients. Therefore, it is imperative to highlight the recent challenges and to recognize areas requiring future research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the prevalence of depression in heart failure, we remain abysmal in detecting, diagnosing and treating depression, which remains an independent predictor of mortality. Therefore, more research and more awareness are required in this arena.
authors: Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Rohit
authors: R
authors: Moudgil
authors: Haissam
authors: H
authors: Haddad
mesh_terms: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic