title: Efficacy of permanent gastric electrical stimulation for the treatment of gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Permanent gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has been performed in adults as a treatment for gastroparesis and refractory nausea and vomiting in patients who have failed medical therapy. We assessed the feasibility and clinical outcomes of permanent GES in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Permanent GES was performed in 16 children (10 females/6 males), median age 15 years (range 4-19 years). All patients had chronic nausea and vomiting refractory to medical therapy and met ROME III criteria for functional dyspepsia. Symptoms, route for nutrition, and satisfaction with procedure were recorded before and after permanent GES. Statistical analysis was performed using paired Student's t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After permanent GES, there was significant improvement in severity of vomiting (p=0.0001), frequency of vomiting (p=0.0003), frequency of nausea (p<0.0001), and severity of nausea (p<0.0001). At the time of follow-up, 13/16 were on oral feeds exclusively, two patients on oral plus G-tube feedings, and one patient on oral plus G-tube plus intermittent TPN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1). Permanent GES improved health in children with functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis who fail medical therapy. 2). No serious adverse effects of permanent GES were noted. 3). Long-term efficacy and safety of GES therapy in children need to be established.
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA. Steven.Teich@nationwidechildrens.org
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Teich
authors: Hayat M
authors: HM
authors: Mousa
authors: Jaya
authors: J
authors: Punati
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Di Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult