title: The effects of lignan-riched extract of Shisandra chinensis on amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in the cortex and hippocampus of mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Trucz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae) which have been used as a tonic especially for kidney yin deficiency in Chinese traditional medicine are recently receiving attention for its preventive activity on age-related neurodegenerative diseases. A variety of studies demonstrated the cognitive-enhancing effects of Schisandra chinensis through animal tests and also in clinical trials.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we attempted to investigate the effects of the lignan-riched extract of Schisandra chinensis fruits (ESP-806) on neurotoxicity and memory impairment induced by Aβ1-42 injection in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The fruits of Schisandra chinensis were extracted with the mixture of n-hexane:ethanol (9:1), which is riched with bioactive dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, schizandrin, gomisin N, wuweigisu C. After oral treatment of ESP-806 (100 mg/kg body weight) followed by injection of Aβ1-42 (2 μg/mouse, i.c.v.), novel object recognition and passive avoidance tests were evaluated. To verify the cognition enhancing effects of ESP-806, we examined the effects of ESP-806 on the activities of β-secretase and acetylcholinesterase, and the contents of Aβ and the reduced glutathione within the cortex and hippocampus of Aβ-injected mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral treatment of ESP-806 (100 mg/kg body weight) significantly attenuated Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment evaluated by behavioral tests. Furthermore, the treatment of ESP-806 attenuated the elevation of β-secretase activity accompanying the reduced level of Aβ1-42 in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. ESP-806 also significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and increased the content of the reduced glutathione in the cortex and hippocampus of mouse brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggested that the extract of Schisandra chinensis fruits riched with dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans may be useful in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
authors: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Eun Ju
authors: EJ
authors: Jeong
authors: Hee Kyoung
authors: HK
authors: Lee
authors: Ki Yong
authors: KY
authors: Lee
authors: Byung Ju
authors: BJ
authors: Jeon
authors: Dae Hyun
authors: DH
authors: Kim
authors: Jin-Ho
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: Joo-Ho
authors: JH
authors: Song
authors: Jungmoo
authors: J
authors: Huh
authors: Jong-Hwan
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Sang Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Sung
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005638:Fruit; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D032141:Schisandra
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D017705:Lignans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010936:Plant Extracts; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D005978:Glutathione