title: Generating insulin-producing cells for diabetic therapy: existing strategies and new development.
abstract: Type 1 and 2 diabetes are characterized by a deficiency in β-cell mass, which cannot be reversed with existing therapeutic strategies. Therefore, restoration of the endogenous insulin-producing cell mass holds great promise for curing diabetes in the future. Since the initial induction of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from embryonic stem (ES) cells in 1999, several strategies and alternative cell sources have been developed to generate β-like cells, including direct differentiation from ES cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, proliferation of existing adult β-cells, and reprogramming of non-pancreatic adult stem/mature cells or pancreatic non-β-cells to β-like-cells. However, several barriers persist in the translation of the aforementioned strategies into clinically applicable methods for IPC induction. We briefly review the most relevant studies for each strategy, and discuss the comparative merits and drawbacks. We propose that ex vivo patient-specific IPCs generated from iPS cells may be practical for cell transplantation in the near future, and in situ regeneration of IPCs from cells within the pancreas may be preferable for diabetes therapy.
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Shen
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Cheng
authors: Qingwang
authors: Q
authors: Han
authors: Yiming
authors: Y
authors: Mu
authors: Weidong
authors: W
authors: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D012038:Regeneration
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin