title: Craniofacial bone infarcts in sickle cell disease:  clinical and radiological manifestations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinicoradiological manifestations of craniofacial bone infarcts in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  After institutional review board approval, we identified 85 SCD patients who underwent head and neck magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during a period of 5 years (January 1, 2004-December 31, 2008) and reviewed their clinical presentations and radiological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 40 subjects with headache or facial pain, 6 (5 males, 1 female; age range, 2-22 years; 5 Hb SS, 1 Hb SC) were diagnosed with acute bone infarct by MRI. Of these 6, 4 demonstrated infarcts in the mandible. Magnetic resonance images showed bone marrow edema, subperiosteal fluid collections with susceptibility effects suggesting associated hemorrhage, and heterogeneous enhancement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute craniofacial bone infarcts were found in 7% of SCD patients who underwent MRI and in 15% of SCD patients who presented with pain. The MRI showed characteristic imaging findings including marrow edema, subperiosteal hematoma, and heterogeneous enhancement.
authors: Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. memimd@hotmail.com
authors: Memi
authors: M
authors: Watanabe
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Saito
authors: Rohini N
authors: RN
authors: Nadgir
authors: Joseph H
authors: JH
authors: Liao
authors: Elisa N
authors: EN
authors: Flower
authors: Martin H
authors: MH
authors: Steinberg
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007238:Infarction / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology*; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C054871:ioversol