title: Task-free electrocorticography frequency mapping of the motor cortex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) is the current gold standard for functional mapping of the eloquent cortex prior to epilepsy surgery. The procedure is, however, time-consuming and quite demanding for patients. Electrocorticography frequency mapping (ECoG mapping) has been suggested as an adjunct method. Here, we investigated whether it is possible to perform mapping of motor regions using ECoG data of spontaneous movements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the video registration of seven epilepsy patients who underwent electrocorticography and ESM, we selected periods of spontaneous hand and arm movements and periods of rest. Frequency analysis was performed, and electrodes showing a significant change in power (4-7, 8-14, 15-25, 26-45 or 65-95 Hz) were compared with those being identified as relevant for hand and/or arm movement by ESM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All frequency bands showed a high specificity (>0.80), and the 65-95 Hz frequency band additionally had a high sensitivity (0.82) for identifying ESM positive electrodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show a good match between ECoG mapping of spontaneous movements and ESM data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accurate match suggests that ECoG mapping of the motor cortex using spontaneous movements may be a valuable complement to ESM, especially when other options requiring patient cooperation fail.
authors: Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Section Brain Function and Plasticity, Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.j.vansteensel@umcutrecht.nl
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Vansteensel
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Bleichner
authors: L T
authors: LT
authors: Dintzner
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Aarnoutse
authors: F S S
authors: FS
authors: Leijten
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Hermes
authors: N F
authors: NF
authors: Ramsey
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012782:Shoulder / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D014953:Wrist / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult