title: In vitro and in vivo imaging of prostate cancer angiogenesis using anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 antibody-conjugated quantum dot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Authors aimed to determine the targeting ability of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-conjugated quantum dots (QDs) in vitro, and apply it for a xenograft prostate cancer mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conjugation reaction of QDs was performed by using the N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and sulfo-(N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) (Sulfo-NHS). The human umbilical vein cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with QDs, conjugated with antiVGFR2, to see a specific binding in vitro. Fluorescent cell images were taken by a confocal microscope. The human prostate cancer cells (PC3) were injected to five nude mice on hind limbs to make the xenograft tumor model. QD-antiVEGFR2 antibody complex was injected into the tumor model and fluorescence measurements were performed at 1, 4, 9, 12, 15, and 24 hours after the injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The specific interaction between HUVECs and QD-antiVEGFR2 antibody was clearly shown in vitro. The in vivo fluorescence image disclosed that there was an increased signal of tumor, 12 hours after the injection of QDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By showing endothelial cells binding with QDs-antiVEGFR2 antibodyand an experimental application of the antibody for VEGFR2 imaging in the prostate cancer xenograft mouse model, we suggests that the antibody-conjugated QDs can be a potential imaging tool for angiogenesis of the cancer.
authors: Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Institute Pasteur Korea (IP-K), Seongnam 463-400, Korea.
authors: Haejin
authors: H
authors: Kwon
authors: Jiyeon
authors: J
authors: Lee
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: Song
authors: Sung Il
authors: SI
authors: Hwang
authors: Junghan
authors: J
authors: Lee
authors: Young-Hwa
authors: YH
authors: Kim
authors: Hak Jong
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002234:Carbodiimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005453:Fluorescence; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045663:Quantum Dots; D013388:Succinimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: C518491:1-ethyl-3-(3-(diethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide; D002234:Carbodiimides; D013388:Succinimides; C035761:N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
keywords: Angiogenesis; Near infrared; Prostate cancer; Quantum dot; VEGFR2