title: The alteration of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and its target genes in mood disorder patients.
abstract: Recent studies suggest that the dysfunction of neural plasticity is associated with mood disorders. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a transcriptional activator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), activates the cellular response to hypoxia. HIF-1 is ubiquitously expressed in all cells, including peripheral leukocytes. However, little is known about the role of HIF-1 in mood disorder. In the present study, we investigated the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1 (α and β) and its target genes (VEGF, GLUT1, PGK1, PFKFB3, and LDHA) in the peripheral white blood cells of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). We found increased expression of HIF- 1α and HIF-1β mRNA, as well as the target genes, VEGF, and PFKFB3 in both MDD and BPD patients in a depressive state compared to healthy control subjects. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of GLUT1, PGK1, and LDHA were increased in MDD patients in a depressive state compared to healthy control subjects. We also found increased expression of HIF-1α and LDHA mRNA in MDD patients in a remissive state, whereas the mRNA expression levels of other genes in a remissive state were comparable to those in healthy control subjects. There was no significant difference in mRNA expression levels of the genes examined among patients receiving any type of antidepressant or mood stabilizer. Our data suggest that altered expression of HIF-1 and its target genes mRNA in peripheral blood cells are associated-mainly in a state-dependent manner-with mood disorders (especially with MDD). In addition, altered expression of HIF-1 and its target genes may be associated with the pathophysiology of depression.
authors: Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors: Tomohiko
authors: T
authors: Shibata
authors: Hirotaka
authors: H
authors: Yamagata
authors: Shusaku
authors: S
authors: Uchida
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Otsuki
authors: Teruyuki
authors: T
authors: Hobara
authors: Fumihiro
authors: F
authors: Higuchi
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Abe
authors: Yoshifumi
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator