title: [Renal and ureteral stones in V.A.C.T.E.R.L. association: endourological management].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endourological technique is a safe and effective approach in the treatment of large stones in the pediatric population with congenital malformations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The VACTERL association is a group of congenital malformations that include vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula with atresia, renal defects, and radial upper limb dysplasia. Renal anomalies are found in approximately 90% of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case of a 7-year-old girl with VACTERL association and cloacal malformations, undergoing multiple surgeries with subsequent Mitrofanoff continent appendico-vesicostomy. She presented at our attention for centimetric left ureteral and inferior pyelo-calyceal stones. She underwent flexible ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy of both stones. A ureteral catheter and a nephrostomy tube have been left at the end of the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ureteral catheter was removed in the 2nd post-operative day, the tubes were removed after a nephrostogram in the 8th post-operative day. The patient is stone-free. No complications were observed in the post-operative time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopy is the method of choice for the management of pediatric urolithiasis with complex renal calculi, due to its low incidence of major complications and a high stone-free rate.
authors: Dipartimento di Chirurgia Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Granelli
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Campobasso
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Salsi
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Cretì
authors: Matteo
authors: M
authors: Moretti
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Cisternino
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Frattini
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Ferretti
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Cortellini
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D004947:Esophagus / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014132:Trachea / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy