title: Impact of laparoscopic surgery on thoracoabdominal mechanics and inspiratory muscular activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of laparoscopic surgery on pulmonary volume distributions and inspiratory muscles activity. Respiratory consequences associated with postoperative pain were also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled 20 patients without lung disease performed spirometry and chest wall kinematic analyses (i.e., chest wall, upper and lower ribcage and abdominal volumes), and measured the activity of inspiratory muscular before and 2 days after laparoscopic surgery. Pain was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After laparoscopy, the patients demonstrated decreased volumes in all three thoracoabdominal compartments: abdomen (ABD), upper and lower rib cage (URC and LRC, respectively) compared with the pre-operative measurements: ABD=0.38±0.20L vs. 0.55±0.25L; URC=0.45±0.18L vs. 0.55±0.21L; and LRC=0.31±0.18L vs. 0.41±0.23L; p<0.05. A reduction in the inspiratory muscular activity after surgery was also observed (sternocleidomastoid: 10.6±5.1×10(-3)mV vs. 12.8±6.3×10(-3)mV; intercostals: 16.8±12.4×10(-3)mV vs. 25.1±21.3×10(-3)mV; p<0.05). In addition, lower volumes during deep breathing were observed in patients who reported significant pain than those who did not (0.51±0.17L vs. 0.79±0.29L; p<0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic surgery reduces chest wall ventilation and inspiratory muscular activity during deep breathing. The effects appear to depend on the patient's reported pain level.
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. adrianalunardi@hotmail.com
authors: Adriana Claudia
authors: AC
authors: Lunardi
authors: Denise de Moraes
authors: Dde M
authors: Paisani
authors: Clarice
authors: C
authors: Tanaka
authors: Celso Ricardo Fernandes
authors: CR
authors: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation / Q000502:physiology*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D013147:Spirometry; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000502:physiology; D013909:Thorax / Q000502:physiology