title: Use of anesthesia on the rise in gastrointestinal endoscopy.
abstract: Conscious sedation has been the standard of care for many years for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. As procedures have become more complex and lengthy, additional medications became essential for adequate sedation. Often time's deep sedation is required for procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiography which necessitates higher doses of narcotics and benzodiazepines or even use of other medications such as ketamine. Given its pharmacologic properties, propofol was rapidly adopted worldwide to gastrointestinal endoscopy for complex procedures and more recently to routine upper and lower endoscopy. Many studies have shown superiority for both the physician and patient compared to standard sedation. Nevertheless, its use remains highly controversial. A number of studies worldwide show that propofol can be given safely by endoscopists or nurses when well trained. Despite this wealth of data, at many centers its use has been prohibited unless administered by anesthesiology. In this commentary, we review the use of anesthesia support for endoscopy in the United States based on recent data and its implications for gastroenterologists worldwide.
authors: Basil Al-Awabdy, C Mel Wilcox, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
authors: Basil
authors: B
authors: Al-Awabdy
authors: C Mel
authors: CM
authors: Wilcox
keywords: Anesthesiology; Conscious sedation; Deep sedation; Gastrointestinal endoscopy; Ketamine; Propofol