title: Interleukin-31: its role in canine pruritus and naturally occurring canine atopic dermatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a member of the gp130/interleukin-6 cytokine family that is produced by cell types such as T helper 2 lymphocytes and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen positive skin homing T cells. When overexpressed in transgenic mice, IL-31 induces severe pruritus, alopecia and skin lesions. In humans, IL-31 serum levels correlate with the severity of atopic dermatitis in adults and children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of IL-31 in canine pruritus and naturally occurring canine atopic dermatitis (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Purpose-bred beagle dogs were used for laboratory studies. Serum samples were obtained from laboratory animals, nondiseased client-owned dogs and client-owned dogs diagnosed with naturally occurring AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purpose-bred beagle dogs were administered canine interleukin-31 (cIL-31) via several routes (intravenous, subcutaneous or intradermal), and pruritic behaviour was observed/quantified via video monitoring. Quantitative immunoassay techniques were employed to measure serum levels of cIL-31 in dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injection of cIL-31 into laboratory beagle dogs caused transient episodes of pruritic behaviour regardless of the route of administration. When evaluated over a 2 h period, dogs receiving cIL-31 exhibited a significant increase in pruritic behaviour compared with dogs that received placebo. In addition, cIL-31 levels were detectable in 57% of dogs with naturally occurring AD (≥ 13 pg/mL) but were below limits of quantification (<13 pg/mL) in normal, nondiseased laboratory or client-owned animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Canine IL-31 induced pruritic behaviours in dogs. Canine IL-31 was detected in the majority of dogs with naturally occurring AD, suggesting that this cytokine may play an important role in pruritic allergic skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, in this species.
authors: Global Therapeutics Research, Pfizer Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA. andrea.gonzales@pfizer.com
authors: Andrea J
authors: AJ
authors: Gonzales
authors: William R
authors: WR
authors: Humphrey
authors: James E
authors: JE
authors: Messamore
authors: Timothy J
authors: TJ
authors: Fleck
authors: Gregory J
authors: GJ
authors: Fici
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Shelly
authors: Janet F
authors: JF
authors: Teel
authors: Gary F
authors: GF
authors: Bammert
authors: Steven A
authors: SA
authors: Dunham
authors: Troy E
authors: TE
authors: Fuller
authors: Robert B
authors: RB
authors: McCall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins