title: Variation in the composition and in vitro proinflammatory effect of urban particulate matter from different sites.
abstract: Spatial variation in particulate matter-related health and toxicological outcomes is partly due to its composition. We studied spatial variability in particle composition and induced cellular responses in Mexico City to complement an ongoing epidemiologic study. We measured elements, endotoxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two particle size fractions collected in five sites. We compared the in vitro proinflammatory response of J774A.1 and THP-1 cells after exposure to particles, measuring subsequent TNFα and IL-6 secretion. Particle composition varied by site and size. Particle constituents were subjected to principal component analysis, identifying three components: C(1) (Si, Sr, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Mn, endotoxin), C(2) (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and C(3) (Zn, S, Sb, Ni, Cu, Pb). Induced TNFα levels were higher and more heterogeneous than IL-6 levels. Cytokines produced by both cell lines only correlated with C(1) , suggesting that constituents associated with soil induced the inflammatory response and explain observed spatial differences.
authors: Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando 22, Col. Sección XVI, C.P. 14080, México, D.F., México.
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Manzano-León
authors: Raúl
authors: R
authors: Quintana
authors: Brisa
authors: B
authors: Sánchez
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Serrano
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Vega
authors: Inés
authors: I
authors: Vázquez-López
authors: Leonora
authors: L
authors: Rojas-Bracho
authors: Tania
authors: T
authors: López-Villegas
authors: Marie S
authors: MS
authors: O'Neill
authors: Felipe
authors: F
authors: Vadillo-Ortega
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: De Vizcaya-Ruiz
authors: Irma
authors: I
authors: Rosas
authors: Alvaro R
authors: AR
authors: Osornio-Vargas
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002947:Cities; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008800:Mexico; D051379:Mice; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004731:Endotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha