title: Genetics of the taste receptor T2R38 correlates with chronic rhinosinusitis necessitating surgical intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We recently demonstrated the bitter taste receptor T2R38 upregulates sinonasal mucosal innate defense in response to gram-negative quorum-sensing molecules through increased nitric oxide production and mucociliary clearance. T2R38 was initially identified in the quest to understand the variability in bitter taste perception to the compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and demonstrated to have polymorphisms generating diplotypes dividing people into PTC supertasters, heterozygotes (with variable PTC detection), and nontasters. We have further demonstrated that sinonasal epithelial cultures derived from supertasters significantly increase innate defenses in response to gram-negative quorum-sensing molecules compared with sinonasal cultures derived from heterozygotes and nontaster individuals. Based on this data, we hypothesize that supertasters are less likely to require sinus surgery compared with heterozygous or nontasters and that supertasters have improved surgical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Banked sinonasal tissue samples from patients who had undergone primary functional endoscopic sinus surgery at the University of Pennsylvania or the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center were genotyped for T2R38 and compared to the expected population distribution. Necessity for additional antibiotic therapy following the postoperative healing time frame was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 28 patients were included in the study. Only 1 supertaster was identified (expected 5.6, p < 0.043). Additionally, 14 heterozygous and 13 nontaster patients were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study investigating the genetics of the bitter taste receptor T2R38 in the context of primary sinonasal surgery demonstrates supertaster patients are less likely to need surgical intervention for chronic rhinosinusitis. Additional study is necessary to ascertain postsurgical outcomes.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors: Nithin D
authors: ND
authors: Adappa
authors: Timothy J
authors: TJ
authors: Howland
authors: James N
authors: JN
authors: Palmer
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Kennedy
authors: Laurel
authors: L
authors: Doghramji
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Lysenko
authors: Danielle R
authors: DR
authors: Reed
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Lee
authors: Noam A
authors: NA
authors: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D053038:Quorum Sensing; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D055697:Taste Perception; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2; D009569:Nitric Oxide