title: Assessment of the coronary venous system by using cardiac CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the coronary venous system and its variations by using dual source computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective assessment was carried out on 339 patients who underwent coronary CT angiography using 128-slice dual source CT for suspected coronary artery disease. The examinations were performed according to routine imaging protocols used to evaluate coronary arteries. The coronary venous system was evaluated in each case using maximum intensity projection and volume rendering technique multiplanar reformation reconstructions. In each patient, the presence and calibration of normal anatomy, as well as the variations of the coronary sinus, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, posterior cardiac vein, great cardiac vein, anterior interventricular vein, posterolateral vein, left marginal vein, and anterolateral vein were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coronary sinus, middle cardiac vein, great cardiac vein, and anterior interventricular vein were visualized in all of the patients. In all cases, one of the lateral or posterolateral veins of appropriate localization and diameter for cardiac resynchronization therapy was detected. The posterior cardiac vein was visualized in 87% of the cases, the left marginal vein in 87.9%, and the small cardiac vein in 20%. There was no significant difference in the diameters or visibilities of the coronary veins in terms of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The coronary venous system and its tributaries may be examined in detail using CT angiography examination performed according to the routine coronary CT angiography protocol used for dual source CT. Dual source CT may be a valuable tool for evaluation of the coronary veins prior to invasive procedures that are directed at the coronary venous system.
authors: Department of Radiology, Şifa Hospital, İzmir, Turkey. be.genc@hotmail.com
authors: Berhan
authors: B
authors: Genc
authors: Aynur
authors: A
authors: Solak
authors: Neslin
authors: N
authors: Sahin
authors: Serkan
authors: S
authors: Gur
authors: Sena
authors: S
authors: Kalaycioglu
authors: Volkan
authors: V
authors: Ozturk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*