title: [Research progress of cellular senescence and senescent secretary phenotype in intervertebral disc degeneration].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the role of cellular senescence and senescent secretary phenotype in the intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant articles that discussed the roles of cellular senescence in the IVD degeneration were extensively reviewed, and retrospective and comprehensive analysis was performed. The senescent phenomenon during IVD degeneration, senescent secretary phenotype of the disc cells, senescent pathways within the IVD microenvironment, as well as the anti-senescent approaches for IVD regeneration were systematically reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During aging and degeneration, IVD cells gradually and/or prematurely undergo senescence by activating p53-p21-retinoblastoma (RB) or p161NK4A-RB senescent pathways. The accumulation of senescent cells not only decreases the self-renewal ability of IVD, but also deteriorates the disc microenvironment by producing more inflammatory cytokines and matrix degrading enzymes. More specific senescent biomarkers are required to fully understand the phenotype change of senescent disc cells during IVD degeneration. Molecular analysis of the senescent disc cells and their intracellular signaling pathways are needed to get a safer and more efficient anti-senescence strategy for IVD regeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cellular senescence is an important mechanism by which IVD cells decrease viability and degenerate biological behaviors, which provide a new thinking to understand the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210009, P.R.China.
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Chenjingmei
authors: C
authors: Zheng
authors: Xiaotao
authors: X
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases