title: Current pathogenetic aspects of hepatic encephalopathy and noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy.
abstract: Hepatic encephalopathy is a medical phenomenon that is described as a neuropsychiatric manifestation of chronic or acute liver disease that is characterized by psychomotor, intellectual and cognitive abnormalities with emotional/affective and behavioral disturbances. This article focuses on the underlying mechanisms of the condition and the differences between hepatic encephalopathy and noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Hepatic encephalopathy is a serious condition that can cause neurological death with brain edema and intracranial hypertension. It is assumed that approximately 60%-80% of patients with liver cirrhosis develop hepatic encephalopathy. This review explores the complex mechanisms that lead to hepatic encephalopathy. However, noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy is not associated with hepatic diseases and has a completely different etiology. Noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a severe occurrence that is connected with multiple pathogeneses.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, 20094 Lublin, Poland. lach.halina@wp.pl
authors: Halina
authors: H
authors: Cichoż-Lach
authors: Agata
authors: A
authors: Michalak
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000150:complications; D009498:Neurotoxins; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Ammonia; Astrocyte; Hepatic encephalopathy; Noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy; Oxidative stress; Pathogeneses