title: Anion-conductive membranes with ultralow vanadium permeability and excellent performance in vanadium flow batteries.
abstract: Anion exchange membranes prepared from quaternized poly(tetramethyl diphenyl ether sulfone) (QAPES) were first investigated in the context of vanadium flow battery (VFB) applications. The membranes showed an impressive suppression effect on vanadium ions. The recorded vanadium permeability was 0.02×10(-7)-0.09×10(-7) cm(2) min(-1), which was two orders of magnitude lower than that of Nafion 115. The self-discharge duration of a VFB single cell with a QAPES membrane is four times longer than that of Nafion 115. The morphological difference in hydrophilic domains between QAPES and Nafion was confirmed by TEM. After soaking the membranes in VO(2)(+) solution, adsorbed vanadium ions can barely be found in QAPES, whereas the hydrophilic domains of Nafion were stained. In the ex situ chemical stability test, QAPES showed a high tolerance to VO(2)(+) and remained intact after immersion in VO(2)(+) solution for over 250 h. The performance of a VFB single cell assembled with QAPES membranes is equal to or even better than that of Nafion 115 and remains stable in a long-term cycle test. These results indicate that QAPES membranes can be an ideal option in the fabrication of high-performance VFBs with low electric capacity loss.
authors: Division of Energy Storage, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China.
authors: Zhensheng
authors: Z
authors: Mai
authors: Huamin
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Hongzhang
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Wanxing
authors: W
authors: Xu
authors: Wenping
authors: W
authors: Wei
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Na
authors: Xianfeng
authors: X
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D001966:Bromine / Q000737:chemistry; D004355:Drug Stability; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007474:Ion Exchange; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010539:Permeability; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry; D014639:Vanadium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones; D014639:Vanadium; C022840:polyether sulfone; C040402:perfluorosulfonic acid; D001966:Bromine