title: Effect of acemannan, an extracted polysaccharide from Aloe vera, on BMSCs proliferation, differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis, mineralization, and bone formation in a tooth extraction model.
abstract: Aloe vera is a traditional wound healing medicine. We hypothesized acemannan, a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera gel, could affect bone formation. Primary rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were treated with various concentrations of acemannan. New DNA synthesis, VEGF, BMP-2, alkaline phosphatase activity, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin expression, and mineralization were determined by [(3)H] thymidine incorporation assay, ELISA, biochemical assay, western blotting, and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. In an animal study, mandibular right incisors of male Sprague-Dawley rats were extracted and an acemannan treated sponge was placed in the socket. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks, the mandibles were dissected. Bone formation was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and histopathological examination. The in vitro results revealed acemannan significantly increased BMSC proliferation, VEGF, BMP-2, alkaline phosphatase activity, bone sialoprotein and osteopontin expression, and mineralization. In-vivo results showed acemannan-treated groups had higher bone mineral density and faster bone healing compared with untreated controls. A substantial ingrowth of bone trabeculae was observed in acemannan-treated groups. These data suggest acemannan could function as a bioactive molecule inducing bone formation by stimulating BMSCs proliferation, differentiation into osteoblasts, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Acemannan could be a candidate natural biomaterial for bone regeneration.
authors: Dental Biomaterials Science Program, Graduate School, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Sani
authors: S
authors: Boonyagul
authors: Wijit
authors: W
authors: Banlunara
authors: Polkit
authors: P
authors: Sangvanich
authors: Pasutha
authors: P
authors: Thunyakitpisal
mesh_terms: D000504:Aloe / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001846:Bone Development; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D008351:Mannans; D053495:Osteopontin; C058414:acemannan