title: Diet impacts mortality from cancer: results from the multiethnic cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States and mortality varies by ethnicity. The objective of this study was to examine the association between cancer mortality and dietary intake among a large multiethnic population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort design was used to examine cancer mortality among 146,389 participants. Multiethnic cohort study participants represent five ethnic groups: African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, Latino, and Caucasian. Hazard ratios for cancer mortality by intake levels of five food groups and discretionary fat were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models stratified by sex and ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were a total of 2,028 male and 1,464 female fatal cancer cases at the end of follow-up. Among Japanese American men only, there was a significant protective effect seen in those reporting a high grain intake (HR = 0.49, 95 % CI 0.35-0.69); there was no effect of grain consumption in any other ethnic-sex group. There was no evidence that ethnicity modified associations between fruit, vegetable, meat, dairy, or discretionary fat intake and cancer mortality among men. Associations between food group consumption and risk for cancer mortality among women were similar across ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The considerable reduction in cancer risk associated with high grain consumption among a specific ethnic-sex group, Japanese American men, warrants further investigation. Additional research is needed to validate this observation and determine whether this was a chance finding, or possibly due to differential intake of specific grain subtypes, and/or related to a sex-specific cancer type.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 5-10 University Terrace, 8303 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T4, Canada. gita.sharma@ualberta.ca
authors: Sangita
authors: S
authors: Sharma
authors: Shelly
authors: S
authors: Vik
authors: Mohammadreza
authors: M
authors: Pakseresht
authors: Lucy
authors: L
authors: Shen
authors: Laurence N
authors: LN
authors: Kolonel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004032:Diet; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data