title: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells markers in the human bone marrow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from human bone marrow (BM), expanded ex vivo and identified via numerous surface antigens. Despite the importance of these cells in regenerative therapy programs, it is unclear whether the cell membrane signature defining MSC preparations ex vivo is determined during culture or may reflect an in vivo counterpart. BM-MSC phenotype in vivo requires further investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  To characterize cells in their natural BM environment, we performed multi-parametric immunohistochemistry on trabecular bone biopsy specimens from multiple donors and described cells by different morphology and micro-anatomic localization in relationship to a precise pattern of MSC antigen expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microscopically examined high-power field marrow sections revealed an overlapping in vivo expression of antigens characterizing ex vivo expanded BM-MSCs, including CD10, CD73, CD140b, CD146, GD2 and CD271. Expanding this panel to proteins associated with pluripotency, such as Oct4, Nanog and SSEA-4, we were able to identify different cellular populations in the human trabecular bone and BM expressing different progenitor cell markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeting several multipotency and pluripotency markers, we found that the BM contains identifiable and distinct progenitor cells further justifying their introduction for a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine.
authors: Department of Oncology, Hematology and Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Rasini
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Dominici
authors: Torsten
authors: T
authors: Kluba
authors: Georg
authors: G
authors: Siegel
authors: Giulia
authors: G
authors: Lusenti
authors: Hinnak
authors: H
authors: Northoff
authors: Edwin M
authors: EM
authors: Horwitz
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Schäfer
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015870:Gene Expression; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens; C066584:stage-specific embryonic antigen-4