title: Intensity-level assessment of lower body plyometric exercises based on mechanical output of lower limb joints.
abstract: The present study aimed to quantify the intensity of lower extremity plyometric exercises by determining joint mechanical output. Ten men (age, 27.3 ± 4.1 years; height, 173.6 ± 5.4 cm; weight, 69.4 ± 6.0 kg; 1-repetition maximum [1RM] load in back squat 118.5 ± 12.0 kg) performed the following seven plyometric exercises: two-foot ankle hop, repeated squat jump, double-leg hop, depth jumps from 30 and 60 cm, and single-leg and double-leg tuck jumps. Mechanical output variables (torque, angular impulse, power, and work) at the lower limb joints were determined using inverse-dynamics analysis. For all measured variables, ANOVA revealed significant main effects of exercise type for all joints (P < 0.05) along with significant interactions between joint and exercise (P < 0.01), indicating that the influence of exercise type on mechanical output varied among joints. Paired comparisons revealed that there were marked differences in mechanical output at the ankle and hip joints; most of the variables at the ankle joint were greatest for two-foot ankle hop and tuck jumps, while most hip joint variables were greatest for repeated squat jump or double-leg hop. The present results indicate the necessity for determining mechanical output for each joint when evaluating the intensity of plyometric exercises.
authors: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan. sugisaki@aoni.waseda.jp
authors: Norihide
authors: N
authors: Sugisaki
authors: Junichi
authors: J
authors: Okada
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Kanehisa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000842:Ankle; D000843:Ankle Joint; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006615:Hip; D006621:Hip Joint; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D005082:Physical Exertion; D010809:Physical Fitness; D059385:Plyometric Exercise / Q000379:methods; D019415:Torque; D055815:Young Adult