title: Effect of a long-lasting multidisciplinary program on disability and fear-avoidance behaviors in patients with chronic low back pain: results of a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: To evaluate the effect on disability, kinesiophobia, pain, and the quality of life of a long-lasting multidisciplinary program based on cognitive-behavioral therapy and targeted against fear-avoidance beliefs in patients with chronic low back pain.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  parallel-group, randomized, superiority controlled study. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to a multidisciplinary program consisting of cognitive-behavior therapy and exercise training (experimental group, 45 patients) or exercise training alone (control group, 45 patients). Before treatment (T1), 5 weeks later (instructive phase, T2), and 12 (posttreatment analysis, T3) and 24 months after the end of the instructive phase (1-year follow-up, T4), all of the patients completed a booklet containing the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire Scale (primary outcome), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, a pain numerical rating scale, and the Short-Form Health Survey. A linear mixed model for repeated measures was used to analyze each outcome measure, and the reliable change index/clinically significant change method was used to assess the clinical significance of the changes.
  
  
  
  The linear mixed model analysis showed a remarkable group, time, and interaction effect for group * time in all of the primary and secondary outcomes (P always <0.001). The majority of the patients in the experimental group achieved a reliable and clinically significant improvement, whereas the majority of those in the control group experienced no change.
  
  
  
  The long-lasting multidisciplinary program was superior to the exercise program in reducing disability, fear-avoidance beliefs and pain, and enhancing the quality of life of patients with chronic low back pain. The effects were clinically tangible and lasted for at least 1 year after the intervention ended.
authors: *Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute of Lissone (Milan), Institute of Care and Research, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS †Neuroengineering and Medical Robotics Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, Politecnico di Milano ‡Consorzio Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, Pavia University and Scientific Institute of Pavia, Institute of Care and Research, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Milan §Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Monticone
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Ferrante
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Rocca
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Baiardi
authors: Fulvio
authors: F
authors: Dal Farra
authors: Calogero
authors: C
authors: Foti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome