title: Correlation between clinical manifestations of nocturnal enuresis and attentional performance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to be more vulnerable to various forms of voiding dysfunction and nocturnal enuresis (NE). We attempt to compare the clinical manifestations and attentional performance between ADHD children with NE and those without NE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We consecutively enrolled children diagnosed with ADHD in child and adolescent psychiatric clinics. The questionnaires for evaluation of ADHD symptoms and voiding dysfunction symptoms were administered to all study participants. All participants also received the Test Battery for Attention Performance (TAP) for assessment of attentional function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 53 children were enrolled in this study, comprising 47 boys and six girls. The prevalence rate of NE was 28.3%. Children in the NE group had statistically significant higher dysfunctional voiding symptom score (5.40 ± 3.66 vs.3.16 ± 2.74; p = 0.018) and two subscales of "When I wet myself, my underwear is soaked" (p < 0.001) and "I miss having a bowel movement every day" (p = 0.047). There were no significant differences with regard to all psychiatric evaluations between the NE and non-NE groups. In the TAP test, the NE group showed a significantly shorter reaction time in the domain of inhibitory control, working memory, and auditory sustained attention than the non-NE group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with ADHD have a high prevalence of NE. ADHD children with NE had a significantly higher dysfunctional voiding symptom score and shorter reaction time in most domains of the TAP test. Further study is needed to discern the impact of NE on the neuropsychological function of ADHD children.
authors: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Yong he Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors: Teng-Kai
authors: TK
authors: Yang
authors: Kuo-How
authors: KH
authors: Huang
authors: Shyh-Chyan
authors: SC
authors: Chen
authors: Hong-Chiang
authors: HC
authors: Chang
authors: Hung-Ju
authors: HJ
authors: Yang
authors: Ya-Jun
authors: YJ
authors: Guo
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis