title: Two decades of occupational (meth)acrylate patch test results and focus on isobornyl acrylate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acrylates constitute an important cause of occupational contact dermatitis. Isobornyl acrylate sensitization has been reported in only 2 cases. We encountered an industrial process operator with occupational contact dermatitis caused by isobornyl acrylate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (i) To investigate whether it is relevant to add isobornyl acrylate to the (meth)acrylate test series. (ii) To report patients with (meth)acrylate contact allergy at an occupational dermatology clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our patch test database was screened for positive reactions to (meth)acrylates between 1993 and 2012. A selected group of 14 patients was tested with an isobornyl acrylate dilution series: 0.3%, 0.1%, 0.033%, and 0.01%. Readings were performed on D2, D3, and D7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and fifty-one patients were tested with our (meth)acrylate series; 24 had positive reactions. Most positive reactions were to 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and diethyleneglycol diacrylate. Hypothetical screening with 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate identified 91.7% of the 24 patients. No positive reactions were observed in 14 acrylate-positive patients tested with the isobornyl acrylate dilution series. The 0.3% isobornyl acrylate concentration induced irritant reactions in 3 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a rare case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by isobornyl acrylate. However, this study provides insufficient support for isobornyl acrylate to be added to a (meth)acrylate series.
authors: Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Wietske A
authors: WA
authors: Christoffers
authors: Pieter-Jan
authors: PJ
authors: Coenraads
authors: Marie-Louise A
authors: ML
authors: Schuttelaar
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001892:Camphanes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000485:Allergens; D001892:Camphanes; D008689:Methacrylates; C587045:isobornyl acrylate
keywords: acrylate; allergic contact dermatitis; isobornyl acrylate; occupational