title: Changes in smoking prevalence and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among adults in Łódź, Poland.
abstract: Comprehensive monitoring informs the stakeholders about the level of tobacco epidemic and helps to allocate tobacco control resources where they are most needed and will be most effective. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the prevalence of daily cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure among adult citizens of Łódz area in Poland between year 2001 and 2010 by selected characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the purpose of the presented analysis, data were used from 3 cross-sectional studies on randomly-selected 3,874 adults from the Łódź area, conducted in 2001, 2005 and 2010. Changes in the rates between the surveys were assessed by odds ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking prevalence remained stable but high between 2001-2010. There was an inverse relationship between smoking prevalence and educational level for both genders (p for trend ≤0.01) in each survey. For men in all surveys, the prevalence of current daily tobacco smoking decreased with increased income (p for trend ≤0.01), and also for women in the 2009-2010 survey (p for trend =0.03). The statistically significant changes for the comparison of 2001 and 2005 surveys were observed for exposure to ETS (p<0.001). Percentages of men and women who declared exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at least one hour per day decreased significantly. Furthermore, the proportion of people who declared exposure to ETS decreased with the increasing age of participants (p for trend ≤0.005), level of education for men in both surveys, and for women in the 2001 survey (p for trend ≤0.003), and income for both men and women in the 2001 survey (p for trend <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Established, long-term tobacco surveillance systems of smoking and ETS exposure, based on nationally and locally representative samples, are necessary in Poland.
authors: Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University, Łódź, Poland. adamum@op.pl
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Fronczak
authors: Kinga
authors: K
authors: Polańska
authors: Elżbieta
authors: E
authors: Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk
authors: Leokadia
authors: L
authors: Bąk-Romaniszyn
authors: Przemysław
authors: P
authors: Korytkowski
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Wojtyła
authors: Dorota
authors: D
authors: Kaleta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution