title: Health inequalities among rural and urban inhabitants of Łódź Province, Poland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare the state of health of the inhabitants of the countryside and city dwellers in the Łódź province, measured with the real and standardized death rate and years of life lost, as well as the analysis of causes of deaths distinguishing these two populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study material included a database containing information gathered from 313,144 death certificates of the inhabitants of Łódź province who died between 1999-2008. Real and standardized death rates were determined. The standardization was carried out by a direct method. The Standard Expected Years of Life Lost (SEYLL method) was used to compute years of life lost. Analysis of time trends of death rates and life span in the Łódź province was conducted with jointpoint models. The intensity of mortality computed with standardized death rates in the province was higher in the countryside than in the city.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2008, the standardized death rate in the countryside was 904.5 per 100,000 inhabitants, and in the city - 903.4 per 100,000 inhabitants. Inhabitants of the countryside more often died of cardiovascular diseases (SDR=418.7 vs. 367.9) and from external causes (SDR=90.2 vs. 63); those from the city and towns died from malignant neoplasms (SDR=204.5 vs. 195.6) and diseases of the alimentary tract (SDR=55.6 vs. 34.6). In 2008, SEYLL calculation for 1,000 people was 204 years for the inhabitants of the city and towns and 190 years for the inhabitants of the countryside.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is necessary to introduce more effective prophylactic and health promoting activities in order to lessen the differences in the state of health state in the Łódź province and the rest of the country.
authors: Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Chair of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University, Łódź, Poland. irena.maniecka-bryla@umed.lodz.pl
authors: Irena
authors: I
authors: Maniecka-Bryła
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Pikala
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Bryła
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002423:Cause of Death; D003644:Death Certificates; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population