title: Serum surfactant protein D is associated with the prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulating surfactant protein D (SP-D) has been proved to be associated with cardiovascular disease and total mortality in European patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study was to determine whether serum SP-D levels are associated with 1-year prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum SP-D levels were examined by ELISA kit in 264 patients undergoing coronary angiography. An estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was used to determine the presence of CKD. Gensini scores were calculated to reflect the severity of coronary lesions. The correlations between SP-D, Gensini scores, white blood cells, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and eGFR were calculated. Patients with eGFR less than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 were followed up for an average of 14 months, and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CKD compared with patients without CKD were more often men, with a higher prevalence of hypertension, CAD, average age, levels of fasting glucose, hs-CRP and SP-D (179.73 ± 72.80 versus 131.65 ± 94.29 ng/ml; all P < 0.05). Serum SP-D levels were positively correlated with Gensini scores and eGFR, but not with white blood cells or hs-CRP. CKD patients suffering from MACEs had higher levels of serum SP-D (217.02 ± 102.34 versus 172.26 ± 70.27 ng/ml) and patients with SP-D at least 200 ng/ml had higher risk of MACEs (all P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that smoking, multivessel disease, CKD and SP-D (OR: 1.396, 95% CI: 1.058-2.718, P = 0.028) were associated with 1-year MACEs (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SP-D levels are associated with 1-year prognosis in patients with CKD.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors: Fangyi
authors: F
authors: Xie
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Ding
authors: Peiying
authors: P
authors: Fan
authors: Liuzhang
authors: L
authors: Fan
authors: Zhong
authors: Z
authors: Chen
authors: Genshan
authors: G
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000097:blood*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D