title: Efficacy of L-carnitine in reducing hyperammonaemia and improving neuropsychological test performance in patients with hepatic cirrhosis : results of a randomised trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of L-carnitine in reducing hyperammonaemia and improving neuropsychological performance in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and subclinical hepatic encephalopathy (SHE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised, parallel group, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study enrolled 31 patients with hepatic cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis C and/or hepatitis B, alcohol abuse and other causes. Patients randomised to active treatment, received oral L-carnitine 6 g/day in two divided doses for 4 weeks. Diagnosis of SHE was based on psychometric tests (subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery) carried out at beginning and end of study. Serum ammonia levels were measured before treatment and weekly thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 27 patients completed the study. Sixteen patients received L-carnitine and 11 served as controls (no treatment). L-carnitine caused rapid and significant reductions in ammonia levels, sustained over the 4-week treatment period (mean reductions 60.1 and 1.4 (μmol/L in the treated and control groups, respectively). Normal ammonia levels were attained in 14 of 16 patients receiving L-carnitine. Based on psychometric test results, seven patients (43.7%) in the L-carnitine group and five (45.5%) in the control group had SHE at baseline. L-carnitine treatment for 4 weeks caused a net overall improvement in psychometric test results compared with controls. No clinically significant adverse events were reported and all patients receiving L-carnitine reported subjective improvements in their condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RESULTS of this preliminary study indicate that L-carnitine reduces hyperammonaemia and improves the clinical symptoms of SHE in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 'F.Magrassi', II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Cecere
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Ciaramella
authors: Luciano
authors: L
authors: Tancredi
authors: Ciro
authors: C
authors: Romano
authors: Adriano
authors: A
authors: Gattoni