title: Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.
abstract: Hepatic encephalopathy can be a serious complication of acute liver failure and chronic liver diseases, predominantly liver cirrhosis. Hyperammonemia plays the most important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. The brain-blood barrier disturbances, changes in neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, GABA-ergic or benzodiazepine pathway abnormalities, manganese neurotoxicity, brain energetic disturbances, and brain blood flow abnormalities are considered to be involved in the development of hepatic encephalopathy. The influence of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) on the induction of minimal hepatic encephalopathy is recently emphasized. The aim of this paper is to present the current views on the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Sniadeckich Street 5, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
authors: Irena
authors: I
authors: Ciećko-Michalska
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Szczepanek
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Słowik
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Mach