title: Short communication: radio frequency dielectric heating of nonfat dry milk affects solubility and whey protein nitrogen index.
abstract: The US infant formula market is estimated at over $3.5 billion, of which 75% are dairy-based formulas. Dried dairy powders pose a significant food safety risk, with Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella spp. being pathogens of particular concern. Radio frequency dielectric heating (RFDH) can provide rapid, uniform heat treatment of dry powders; thus, it potentially may be used as a postprocess lethality treatment for nonfat dry milk (NDM) or powdered infant formula. Because RFDH is a heat treatment, the functionality of the NDM may be altered and should be evaluated. High heat- and low heat-NDM were RFDH processed at temperatures ranging from 75 to 90°C for 5 to 125 min. Products were then assessed for whey protein nitrogen index (WPNI), solubility, and color. In low heat-NDM, RFDH decreased WPNI and solubility if the process was done at ≥ 80°C; however, in high heat-NDM, RFDH had a greater effect on solubility than WPNI and some color properties were altered. Further investigation of RFDH is merited to validate its application as a pathogen control process for NDM across processing parameters that result in acceptable functional properties for infant formula and other food products containing NDM.
authors: Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS 66506, USA.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Michael
authors: R K
authors: RK
authors: Phebus
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Thippareddi
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Subbiah
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Birla
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006358:Hot Temperature; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011846:Radio Waves; D012995:Solubility; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen