title: Urine IL-18, NGAL, IL-8 and serum IL-8 are biomarkers of acute kidney injury following liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  AKI is common following liver transplantation and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers of AKI have not been well established in this setting but are needed to help guide patient care and facilitate development of novel therapeutics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum creatinine, cystatin C, IL-6, and IL-8 and urine IL-18, NGAL, IL-6, and IL-8 were measured before and within 24 hours after liver transplantation in 40 patients. AKI was defined as a ≥50% sustained increase in creatinine above pre-operative values occurring within 24 hours of transplantation and persisting for at least 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients met criteria for AKI (17.5%), with mean creatinines of 0.81 mg/dL pre-operatively and 1.75 mg/dL post-operatively. While pre-operative biomarker levels in patients with AKI were similar to those in patients without AKI, differences were seen between the groups with regard to median post-operative serum IL-8 (pg/mL) (242.48 vs. 82.37, p = 0.0463) and urine NGAL (ng/mL) (386.86 vs. 24.31, p = 0.0039), IL-6 (pg/mL) (52 vs. 7.29, p=0.0532), IL-8 (pg/mL) (14.3 vs. 0, p = 0.0224), and IL-18 (pg/mL) (883.09 vs. 0, p = 0.0449). The areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.749 for urine IL-18, 0.833 for urine NGAL, 0.745 for urine IL-6, 0.682 for serum IL-6, 0.773 for urine IL-8, and 0.742 for serum IL-8. Post-operative cystatin C was not significantly different between AKI and no AKI groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum IL-8 and urine IL-18, NGAL, IL-6, and IL-8 are elevated in AKI within the first 24 hours following liver transplantation.
authors: Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Box C281, 12700 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80262, USA.
authors: Jeffrey C
authors: JC
authors: Sirota
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Walcher
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Faubel
authors: Alkesh
authors: A
authors: Jani
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: McFann
authors: Prasad
authors: P
authors: Devarajan
authors: Connie L
authors: CL
authors: Davis
authors: Charles L
authors: CL
authors: Edelstein
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003120:Colorado / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000652:urine*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000652:urine*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D020382:Interleukin-18; D016209:Interleukin-8; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins