title: A longitudinal investigation of nutrition and dietary patterns in children of mothers with eating disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate dietary patterns and nutritional intake in children of mothers with eating disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers (N = 9423) from a longitudinal general population birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, completed Food Frequency Questionnaires on their children at 3, 4, 7, and 9 years of age. Macronutrient intake was estimated, and dietary patterns were obtained using principal components analysis. Linear regression and mixed-effects models were used to assess dietary patterns and nutritional intake among children of women with lifetime anorexia nervosa (AN, n = 140), bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 170), or AN+BN (n = 71), compared with children of women without eating disorders (unexposed women, n = 9037).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children in the maternal AN and BN groups had higher scores on the "health conscious/vegetarian" dietary pattern compared with unexposed children. Less adherence to the "traditional" dietary pattern was observed in children of exposed mothers, with more pronounced differences in early childhood. Children of women with AN and BN had higher intake of energy and children of women with BN had higher intake of carbohydrates and starch and lower intake of fat, compared with children in the unexposed group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal eating disorders are associated with altered offspring dietary patterns and macronutrient intake. Longitudinal changes in patterns of diet in children of women with eating disorders may increase the risk of weight gain or disordered eating later in life.
authors: Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom. a.easter@ucl.ac.uk
authors: Abigail
authors: A
authors: Easter
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Naumann
authors: Kate
authors: K
authors: Northstone
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Schmidt
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Treasure
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Micali
mesh_terms: D000856:Anorexia Nervosa; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers