title: Do patients with osteoporosis have an increased prevalence of periodontal disease? A cross-sectional study.
abstract: The study examined if women with osteoporosis were at increased risk of periodontal disease. Three hundred eighty females aged 45-65 years with recent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the spine and proximal femur agreed to a dental examination. No association was established between the presence of severe periodontal disease and osteoporosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to determine whether patients with osteoporosis have an increased severity and extent of periodontal disease, taking full account of confounding factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer dentate women (45-65 years), who had undergone recent DXA of the femur and lumbar spine, received a clinical examination of their periodontal tissues by a single trained operator who was blind to the subject's osteoporosis status. Clinical examinations were performed within 6 months of the DXA. Basic Periodontal Examination score, gingival bleeding score, periodontal pocket depth, recession and calculus were the periodontal outcome measures. Potential confounding factors were recorded. Logistic regression was performed for the dichotomous outcome measure of severe periodontal disease (present or absent) with osteoporotic status, adjusting for confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 380 dentate participants for whom DXA data were available. Of these, 98 had osteoporosis. When compared with osteoporotic subjects, those with normal bone mineral density were significantly younger (p = 0.01), had a higher body mass index (p = 0.03) and had more teeth (p = 0.01). The prevalence of severe periodontal disease in the sample was 39 %. The unadjusted odds ratio for the association between osteoporosis and severe periodontal disease was 1.21 (0.76 to 1.93). The adjusted odds ratio analysis including other covariates (age, smoking, hormone replacement therapy, alcohol) was 0.99 (0.61 to 1.61).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No association was established between the presence of severe periodontal disease and osteoporosis.
authors: Arthritis Research UK EpidemiologyUnit, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. elizabeth.marjanovic@manchester.ac.uk
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Marjanovic
authors: H N
authors: HN
authors: Southern
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Coates
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Adams
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Walsh
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Horner
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Devlin
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence