title: Using selected scenes from Brazilian films to teach about substance use disorders, within medical education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Themes like alcohol and drug abuse, relationship difficulties, psychoses, autism and personality dissociation disorders have been widely used in films. Psychiatry and psychiatric conditions in various cultural settings are increasingly taught using films. Many articles on cinema and psychiatry have been published but none have presented any methodology on how to select material. Here, the authors look at the portrayal of abusive use of alcohol and drugs during the Brazilian cinema revival period (1994 to 2008).
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative study at two universities in the state of São Paulo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scenes were selected from films available at rental stores and were analyzed using a specifically designed protocol. We assessed how realistic these scenes were and their applicability for teaching. One author selected 70 scenes from 50 films (graded for realism and teaching applicability > 8). These were then rated by another two judges. Rating differences among the three judges were assessed using nonparametric tests (P < 0.001). Scenes with high scores (> 8) were defined as "quality scenes".
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine scenes from 27 films were identified as "quality scenes". Alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens and inhalants were included in these. Signs and symptoms of intoxication, abusive/harmful use and dependence were shown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have produced rich teaching material for discussing psychopathology relating to alcohol and drug use that can be used both at undergraduate and at postgraduate level. Moreover, it could be seen that certain drug use behavioral patterns are deeply rooted in some Brazilian films and groups.
authors: Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil. jmcmaia2@gmail.com
authors: João Mauricio
authors: JM
authors: Castaldelli-Maia
authors: Hercílio Pereira
authors: HP
authors: Oliveira
authors: Arthur Guerra
authors: AG
authors: Andrade
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Lotufo-Neto
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Bhugra
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D001938:Brazil; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009040:Motion Pictures; D015588:Observer Variation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*