title: A novel canine model for prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No existing animal model fully recapitulates all features of human prostate cancer. The dog is the only large mammal, besides humans, that commonly develops spontaneous prostate cancer. Canine prostate cancer features many similarities with its human counterpart. We sought to develop a canine model of prostate cancer that would more fully represent the features of human prostate cancer than existing models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Ace-1 canine prostate cancer cell line was injected transabdominally under transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance into the prostates of immunosuppressed, intact, adult male dogs. Tumor progression was monitored by TRUS imaging. Some dogs were subjected to positron emission tomography (PET) for tumor detection. Time of euthanasia was determined based on tumor size, impingement on urethra, and general well-being. Euthanasia was followed by necropsy and histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ace-1 tumor cells grew robustly in every dog injected. Tumors grew in subcapsular and parenchymal regions of the prostate. Tumor tissue could be identified using PET. Histological findings were similar to those observed in human prostate cancer. Metastases to lungs and lymph nodes were detected, predominantly in dogs with intraprostatic tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have established a minimally invasive dog model of prostate cancer. This model may be valuable for studying prostate cancer progression and distant metastasis.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5940, USA.
authors: Jill M
authors: JM
authors: Keller
authors: George R
authors: GR
authors: Schade
authors: Kimberly
authors: K
authors: Ives
authors: Xu
authors: X
authors: Cheng
authors: Thomas J
authors: TJ
authors: Rosol
authors: Morand
authors: M
authors: Piert
authors: Javed
authors: J
authors: Siddiqui
authors: William W
authors: WW
authors: Roberts
authors: Evan T
authors: ET
authors: Keller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*