title: Changes of systemic microinflammation after weight loss and regain - a five-year follow up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of body mass changes on plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in obese women after the initially obtained weight reduction in a five-year follow-up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty out of 42 women with simple obesity (age 41.8 ± 11.9 years; BMI 36.5 ± 4.6 kg/m2) who achieved a greater than 5% weight loss at the end of a three-month weight loss programme were re-examined after five years. In addition to anthropometric and body composition measurements, plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha, sTNFRs and IL-6 were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean weight loss after the three-month weight loss programme was 7.9 ± 4.4 kg. After five years, body mass was still lower than initially in 14 women, while in 16 it was higher (the so-called 'yo-yo effect'). A significant decrease of plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 and increase of sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 levels obtained after weight loss therapy were maintained after five years, including in the subgroup with the yo-yo effect. During the follow-up period, the increase of body fat mass was similar in the subgroup that maintained reduced weight (+4.4 ± 10.7 kg) and in the subgroup with the yo-yo effect (+4.1 ± 7.1 kg), while a significant difference was found in changes of body free fat mass (-7.1 ± 7.1 v. -0.7 ± 4.5 kg, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The yo-yo effect has a modest influence on systemic microinflammation and seems not to abolish the benefit achieved via a weight loss programme. This may suggest that the persistence of changes in lifestyle implemented during the programme such as regular physical activity and diet composition may have a significant impact on the level of systemic microinflammation in the obese. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (6): 432-438).
authors: Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland. magols@esculap.pl
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
authors: Jerzy
authors: J
authors: Chudek
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Szromek
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Zahorska-Markiewicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004035:Diet Therapy; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines