title: Prevalence of pain in a university veterinary intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of pain in veterinary ICU patients, to determine if there are predictors for patients to be painful, and to relate 3 commonly used pain scoring systems with each other.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in the small animal ICU at the University of Georgia Veterinary teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  All dogs admitted during June 1, 2010-August 5, 2010 were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included patients receiving supplemental oxygen, comatose animals, aggressive animals, and animals with a zoonotic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twice daily, at randomly generated times, an independent observer assessed every eligible dog for pain using three different methods: the Glasgow composite pain scale (Glasgow), a visual analogue scale (VAS), and a simple descriptive scale (SDS). Six hundred twenty-nine observations were made on 230 individual dogs over a 63-day time period. Dogs who were receiving hydromorphone or were on the orthopedic or neurosurgical service were more likely to be described as painful. Overall, 22% of dogs were described as painful, and this was not different depending on time of day or day of the week. There was no difference in slope between VAS and Glasgow scores depending on order. The kappa statistic was 0.58 between Glasgow and SDS, 0.70 between VAS and SDS, and 0.47 between Glasgow and VAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study population, dogs undergoing surgery needed a more intense analgesic approach to ensure that they were nonpainful. The SDS identified the highest number of painful observations of the scoring systems, at the given levels for defining pain.
authors: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors: Clara E
authors: CE
authors: Moran
authors: Erik H
authors: EH
authors: Hofmeister
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006762:Hospitals, Animal; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*