title: The response of European Daphnia magna Straus and Australian Daphnia carinata King to changes in geomagnetic field.
abstract: This study investigates the effects of lifelong exposure to reversed geomagnetic and zero geomagnetic fields (the latter means absence of geomagnetic field) on the life history of Daphnia carinata King from Australia and Daphnia magna Straus from Europe. Considerable deviation in the geomagnetic field from the usual strength, leads to a decrease in daphnia size and life span. Reduced brood sizes and increased body length of neonates are observed in D. magna exposed to unusual magnetic background. The most apparent effects are induced by zero geomagnetic field in both species of Daphnia. A delay in the first reproduction in zero geomagnetic field is observed only in D. magna. No adaptive maternal effects to reversed geomagnetic field are found in a line of D. magna maintained in these magnetic conditions for eight generations. Integrally, the responses of D. magna to unusual geomagnetic conditions are more extensive than that in D. carinata. We suggest that the mechanism of the effects of geomagnetic field reversal on Daphnia may be related to differences in the pattern of distribution of the particles that have a magnetic moment, or to moving charged organic molecules owing to a change in combined outcome and orientation of the geomagnetic field and Earth's gravitational field. The possibility of modulation of self-oscillating processes with changes in geomagnetic field is also discussed.
authors: I. D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia. kryloff@ibiw.yaroslavl.ru
authors: Viacheslav V
authors: VV
authors: Krylov
authors: Irina V
authors: IV
authors: Bolotovskaya
authors: Elena A
authors: EA
authors: Osipova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D049628:Body Size; D003621:Daphnia / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D018534:Earth, Planet; D005260:Female; D008136:Longevity; D060526:Magnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012098:Reproduction