title: A case of radiation bronchitis induced massive hemoptysis after high-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy.
abstract: High-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HDREB) have been used as the treatment of early endobronchial cancer, as well as for palliation of advanced cancer. However, fatal hemoptysis can occur after HDREB at the rate of 7~32%. We report a case of massive hemoptysis due to radiation bronchitis developed after HDREB. A 67-year-old man was treated with HDREB for early endobronchial cancer on the left upper lobe bronchus. He complained of persistent cough from 4 weeks after completion of HDREB. Radiation bronchitis was observed on the bronchoscopy at 34 weeks, and it was progressed from mucosal swelling and exudate formation to necrosis and ulceration without local relapse. In addition, he died of massive hemoptysis after 15 months. The patient had no sign or radiologic evidences to predict the hemoptysis. This case implies that HDREB directly contributes to an occurrence of a fatal hemoptysis, and follow-up bronchoscopy is important to predict a progression of radiation bronchitis and fatal hemoptysis.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors: Seok Jeong
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Jong-Young
authors: JY
authors: Lee
authors: Soon Hee
authors: SH
authors: Jung
authors: Shun Nyung
authors: SN
authors: Lee
authors: Ji-Ho
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Chong Whan
authors: CW
authors: Kim
authors: Saehyun
authors: S
authors: Jung
authors: Ye-Ryung
authors: YR
authors: Jung
authors: Won-Yeon
authors: WY
authors: Lee
keywords: Brachytherapy; Bronchitis; Hemoptysis; Radiation