title: Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of 7-hydroxy-calamenene-rich essential oils from Croton cajucara Benth.
abstract: Croton cajucara is a shrub native to the Amazon region locally known as "sacaca". Two morphotypes are known: white and red "sacaca". The essential oils (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation from leaves of the red morphotype were, in general, rich in 7-hydroxycalamenene (28.4%-37.5%). The effectiveness of these EO regarding the antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms was initially investigated by the drop test method, showing significant inhibition zones. Among the microorganisms tested, the essential oils rich in 7-hydroxycalamenene were more effective against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. smegmatis, Mucor circinelloides and Rhizopus oryzae. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the oils were determined using the broth dilution assay. It was possible to observe that 7-hydroxycalamenene-rich oils presented high antimicrobial activity, with MIC of 4.76 × 10⁻³ μg/mL for MRSA, 4.88 μg/mL for M. tuberculosis, 39.06 μg/mL for M. smegmatis, and 0.152 μg/mL for R. oryzae and 3.63 × 10⁻⁸ μg/mL for M. circinelloides. The antioxidant activity of this EO suggests that 7-hydroxycalamenene provides more antioxidant activity according with EC(50) less than 63.59 μg/mL. Considering the bioactive potential of EOs and 7-hydroxycalamenene could be of great interest for development of antimicrobials for therapeutic use in treatment of bacterial and fungal infections in humans and/or veterinary practice.
authors: Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CT, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil. marimbarros@gmail.com
authors: Mariana M B
authors: MM
authors: Azevedo
authors: Francisco C M
authors: FC
authors: Chaves
authors: Catia A
authors: CA
authors: Almeida
authors: Humberto R
authors: HR
authors: Bizzo
authors: Rafael S
authors: RS
authors: Duarte
authors: Galba M
authors: GM
authors: Campos-Takaki
authors: Celuta S
authors: CS
authors: Alviano
authors: Daniela S
authors: DS
authors: Alviano
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D029802:Croton / Q000737:chemistry*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C520676:7-hydroxycalamenene; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010851:Picrates; D010938:Plant Oils; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl