title: Analysis of starch distribution in the paper cross-section by Raman microscopy.
abstract: A new Raman microscopy approach was developed to analyze the starch distribution of paper cross-sections in a faster and more specific way than is possible with the currently used iodine-staining method. Raman images were recorded and analyzed from cross-sections of cellulose hand  sheets surface-sized with 1% or 2% starch solutions and with different film thicknesses. In addition, Raman imaging analysis of the starch distribution was performed on two industrial papers, an abrasive base paper and a surface-sized recycling paper. The visualization and the quantitative  analysis of the starch distribution were performed by using the intensity changes of the Raman starch band at 855 cm(-1) and by principal component analysis. Distribution curves were calculated from the intensity data and compared for the samples with different starch concentrations  and with results obtained from iodine-stained cross-sections of the same samples. The results of this study demonstrate the great potential and the new possibilities of Raman microscopy for studying the z-distribution of chemical components and additives in paper.
authors: PTS Papiertechnische Stiftung, Pirnaer Strasse 37, D-01809 Heidenau, Germany. enrico.pigorsch@ptspaper.de
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Pigorsch
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Finger
authors: Steffen
authors: S
authors: Thiele
authors: Eike
authors: E
authors: Brunner
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010209:Paper; D059027:Recycling; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D013213:Starch / Q000032:analysis* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose; D013213:Starch