title: A heterotetrameric alpha-amylase inhibitor from emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) seeds.
abstract: Plants have developed a constitutive defense system against pest attacks, which involves the expression of a set of inhibitors acting on heterologous amylases of different origins. Investigating the soluble protein complement of the hulled wheat emmer we have isolated and characterized a heterotetrameric α-amylase inhibitor (ETI). Based on mass spectrometry data, it is an assembly of proteins highly similar to the CM2/CM3/CM16 found in durum wheat. Our data indicate that these proteins can also inhibit exogenous α-amylases in binary assemblies. The calculated dissociation constants (K(i)) for the pancreatic porcine amylase- and human salivary amylase-ETI complexes are similar to those found in durum and soft wheat. Homology modeling of the CM subunits indicate structural similarities with other proteins belonging to the cereal family of trypsin/α-amylase inhibitors; a possible homology modeled structure for a tetrameric assembly of the subunits is proposed.
authors: Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via L. Ghini 5, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Capocchi
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Muccilli
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Cunsolo
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Saletti
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Foti
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Fontanini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D017385:Sequence Homology; D013552:Swine; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000516:alpha-Amylases