title: Effect of vertical positioning on organ dose, image noise and contrast in pediatric chest CT--phantom study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CT optimization has a special importance in children. Smaller body size accentuates the importance of patient positioning affecting both radiation dose and image quality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of vertical positioning on organ dose, image noise and contrast in pediatric chest CT examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chest scans of a pediatric 5-year anthropomorphic phantom were performed in different vertical positions (-6 cm to +5.4 cm) with a 64-slice CT scanner. Organ doses were measured with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) dosimeters. Image noise and contrast were determined from the CT number histograms corresponding to different tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant changes in organ doses resulting from vertical positioning were observed, especially in radiosensitive anterior organs. The breast dose increased up to 16% and the thyroid dose up to 24% in lower positions. The noise was increased up to 45% relative to the centre position in the highest and lowest vertical positions, with a particular increase observed on the anterior and posterior sides, respectively. Off-centering also affected measured image contrast.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertical off-centering markedly affects organ doses and measured image-quality parameters in pediatric chest CT examination. Special attention should be given to correct patient centering when preparing patients for CT scans, especially when imaging children.
authors: HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, POB 340, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. touko.kaasalainen@hus.fi
authors: Touko
authors: T
authors: Kaasalainen
authors: Kirsi
authors: K
authors: Palmu
authors: Anniina
authors: A
authors: Lampinen
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Kortesniemi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D009928:Organ Specificity; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D016684:Prone Position; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*