title: Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A in an urban minority birth cohort in New York City, prenatal through age 7 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite growing concern over potential health effects associated with exposures to the endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (BPA), insufficient information is available on determinants of BPA concentrations among minority populations in the US.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe concentrations and predictors of BPA in an inner-city longitudinal birth cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed spot urines for total BPA collected during pregnancy and child ages 3, 5, and 7 years from African Americans and Dominicans (n=568) enrolled in the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health birth cohort and residing in Northern Manhattan and the South Bronx. Adjusting for specific gravity, generalized estimating equations were used to compare BPA concentrations across paired samples and linear regression analyses were used to determine relationships between BPA, season of sample collection, socio-demographic variables and urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BPA was detected in ≥ 94% of samples. Prenatal concentrations were significantly lower than postnatal concentrations. Geometric means were higher among African Americans compared to Dominicans in prenatal (p=0.008), 5 year (p<0.001) and 7 year (p=0.017) samples. Geometric means at 5 and 7 years were higher (p=0.021, p=0.041 respectively) for children of mothers never married compared to mothers ever married at enrollment. BPA concentrations were correlated with phthalate metabolite concentrations at prenatal, 3, 5 and 7 years (p-values <0.05). Postnatal BPA concentrations were higher in samples collected during the summer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows widespread BPA exposure in an inner-city minority population. BPA concentration variations were associated with socio-demographic characteristics and other xenobiotics.
authors: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA. lah45@columbia.edu
authors: Lori A
authors: LA
authors: Hoepner
authors: Robin M
authors: RM
authors: Whyatt
authors: Allan C
authors: AC
authors: Just
authors: Antonia M
authors: AM
authors: Calafat
authors: Frederica P
authors: FP
authors: Perera
authors: Andrew G
authors: AG
authors: Rundle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004293:Dominican Republic / Q000208:ethnology; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds