title: Failure mode and effects analysis in designing a virtual reality-based training simulator for bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Virtual reality-based simulators offer a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional medical training and planning. Developing a simulator that enables the training of medical skills and also supports recognition of errors made by the trainee is a challenge. The first step in developing such a system consists of error identification in the real procedure, in order to ensure that the training environment covers the most significant errors that can occur. This paper focuses on identifying the main system requirements for an interactive simulator for training bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO).
  
  
  METHODS
  An approach is proposed based on failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), a risk analysis method that is well structured and already an approved technique in other domains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the FMEA results, a BSSO training simulator is currently being developed, which centres upon the main critical steps of the procedure (sawing and splitting) and their main errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FMEA seems to be a suitable tool in the design phase of developing medical simulators. Herein, it serves as a communication medium for knowledge transfer between the medical experts and the system developers. The method encourages a reflective process and allows identification of the most important elements and scenarios that need to be trained.
authors: Department of Mechatronics, 'Politehnica' University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania. raluca.sofronia@mec.upt.ro
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Sofronia
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Knott
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Davidescu
authors: G G
authors: GG
authors: Savii
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kuhlen
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gerressen
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000145:classification / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008954:Models, Biological; D059229:Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014584:User-Computer Interface