title: Developing functional workspace for the movement of trunk circumduction in healthy young subjects: a reliability study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The lumbar range of motion has traditionally been used to assess disability in patients with low back disorders. Controversy exists about how movement ranges in static positions or in a single straight plane is related to the functional status of the patients. The trunk circumduction, as the result of neuromuscular coordination, is the integrated movements from three dimensions. The functional workspace stands for the volume of movement configuration from the trunk circumduction and represents all possible positions in three dimensions. By using single quantitative value, the functional workspace substitutes the complicated joint linear or angular motions. The aim of this study is to develop the functional workspace of the trunk circumduction (FWTC) considering possible functional positions in three dimensional planes. The reliability of the trunk circumduction is examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test-retest reliability was performed with 18 healthy young subjects. A three-dimensional (3-D) Motion Analysis System was used to record the trunk circumduction. The FWTC was defined and calculated based on the volume of the cone that was formed as the resultant scanned area of markers, multiplied by the length of the body segment. The statistical analysis of correlation was performed to describe the relation of maximal displacements of trunk circumduction and straight planes: sagittal and coronal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study indicate that the movement of trunk circumduction measured by motion analysis instruments is a reliable tool. The ICC value is 0.90-0.96, and the means and standard deviations of the normalized workspace are: C7 0.425 (0.1162); L1 0.843 (0.2965); and knee 0.014 (0.0106). Little correlations between the maximal displacement of trunk circumduction and that of straight planes are shown and therefore suggest different movement patterns exist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates high statistical reliability for the FWTC, which is important for the potential development as the functional assessment technique. The FWTC provides a single integrated value to represent angular and linear measurements of different joints and planes. Future study is expected to carry out the FWTC to evaluate the amount of workspace for the functional status of patients with low back injuries or patients with spinal surgery.
authors: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No,1, Daxue Rd,, East Dist,, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan. fcsu@mail.ncku.edu.tw
authors: Su-Chun
authors: SC
authors: Cheng
authors: Chieh-Hsiang
authors: CH
authors: Hsu
authors: Yi-Ting
authors: YT
authors: Ting
authors: Li-Chieh
authors: LC
authors: Kuo
authors: Ruey-Mo
authors: RM
authors: Lin
authors: Fong-Chin
authors: FC
authors: Su
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult