title: Analysis of microflora profile in Korean traditional nuruk.
abstract: A variety of nuruk were collected from various provinces in Korea, and their microflora profiles were analyzed at the species level. A total of 42 nuruk samples were collected and when the viable cell numbers in these nuruk were enumerated, the average cell numbers of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria from all nuruk were 7.21, 7.91, 3.49, and 4.88 log CFU/10 g, respectively. There were no significant differences in viable cell numbers of bacteria or fungi according to regions collected. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis were the predominant bacterial strains in most samples. A significant portion, 13 out of 42 nuruk, contained foodborne pathogens such as B. cereus or Cronobacter sakazakii. There were various species of lactic acid bacteria such as Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus pentosaceus in nuruk. It was unexpectedly found that only 13 among the 42 nuruk samples contained Aspergillus oryzae, the representative saccharifying fungi in makgeolli, whereas a fungi Lichtheimia corymbifera was widely distributed in nuruk. It was also found that Pichia jadinii was the predominant yeast strain in most nuruk, but the representative alcohol fermentation strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was isolated from only 18 out of the 42 nuruk. These results suggested that a variety of species of fungi and yeast were distributed in nuruk and involved in the fermentation of makgeolli. In this study, a total of 64 bacterial species, 39 fugal species, and 15 yeast species were identified from nuruk. Among these strains, 37 bacterial species, 20 fungal species, and 8 yeast species were distributed less than 0.1%.
authors: CJ Foods R&D, CJ Cheiljedang, Seoul 152-051, Korea.
authors: Sang Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Song
authors: Chunghee
authors: C
authors: Lee
authors: Sulhee
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Jung Min
authors: JM
authors: Park
authors: Hyong-Joo
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
authors: Dong-Hoon
authors: DH
authors: Bai
authors: Sung-Sik
authors: SS
authors: Yoon
authors: Jun Bong
authors: JB
authors: Choi
authors: Young Seo
authors: YS
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D058448:Biota; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D007723:Korea; D010802:Phylogeny; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012331:RNA, Fungal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S