title: In-line calibration of Raman systems for analysis of gas mixtures of hydrogen isotopologues with sub-percent accuracy.
abstract: Highly accurate, in-line, and real-time composition measurements of gases are mandatory in many processing applications. The quantitative analysis of mixtures of hydrogen isotopologues (H2, D2, T2, HD, HT, and DT) is of high importance in such fields as DT fusion, neutrino mass measurements using tritium β-decay or photonuclear experiments where HD targets are used. Raman spectroscopy is a favorable method for these tasks. In this publication we present a method for the in-line calibration of Raman systems for the nonradioactive hydrogen isotopologues. It is based on precise volumetric gas mixing of the homonuclear species H2/D2 and a controlled catalytic production of the heteronuclear species HD. Systematic effects like spurious exchange reactions with wall materials and others are considered with care during the procedure. A detailed discussion of statistical and systematic uncertainties is presented which finally yields a calibration accuracy of better than 0.4%.
authors: Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. magnus.schloesser@googlemail.com
authors: Magnus
authors: M
authors: Schlösser
authors: Hendrik
authors: H
authors: Seitz
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Rupp
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Herwig
authors: Catalin Gabriel
authors: CG
authors: Alecu
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Sturm
authors: Beate
authors: B
authors: Bornschein