title: Declining prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral treatment-exposed individuals in Western Europe.
abstract: HIV-1 drug resistance represents a major obstacle to infection and disease control. This retrospective study analyzes trends and determinants of resistance in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-exposed individuals across 7 countries in Europe. Of 20 323 cases, 80% carried at least one resistance mutation: these declined from 81% in 1997 to 71% in 2008. Predicted extensive 3-class resistance was rare (3.2% considering the cumulative genotype) and peaked at 4.5% in 2005, decreasing thereafter. The proportion of cases exhausting available drug options dropped from 32% in 2000 to 1% in 2008. Reduced risk of resistance over calendar years was confirmed by multivariable analysis.
authors: Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. deluca.andrea@fastwebnet.it
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: De Luca
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Dunn
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Zazzi
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Camacho
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Torti
authors: Iuri
authors: I
authors: Fanti
authors: Rolf
authors: R
authors: Kaiser
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Sönnerborg
authors: Francisco M
authors: FM
authors: Codoñer
authors: Kristel
authors: K
authors: Van Laethem
authors: Anne-Mieke
authors: AM
authors: Vandamme
authors: Loveleen
authors: L
authors: Bansi
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Ghisetti
authors: David A M C
authors: DA
authors: van de Vijver
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Asboe
authors: Mattia C F
authors: MC
authors: Prosperi
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Di Giambenedetto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016208:Databases, Factual; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009154:Mutation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus