title: Stability and physicochemical characterization of novel milk-based oral formulations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to assess the colloidal stability of novel milk-based formulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Milk-based formulations were prepared in situ by adding into milk alkaline- or ethanolic-drug solutions containing an array of drugs namely; ketoprofen, tolfenamic acid, meloxicam, tenoxicam and nimesulide, mefenamic acid, cyclosporine A, danazol and clopidogrel besylate. The produced formulations were characterized by means of dynamic lightscattering, ζ-potential studies, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy complemented with ab initio calculations and stability studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of the drugs did not induce significant changes in most cases to the particle size and ζ-potential values of the emulsions pointing to the colloidal stability of these formulations. Raman spectroscopy studies revealed interactions of the drugs and the milk at the intermolecular level. Complementary analysis with ab initio calculations confirmed the experimental observations obtained by Raman spectroscopy. Finally the produced drug containing alkaline/ethanolic solutions exhibited stability over a period of up to 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current data demonstrate that milk is a promising drug carrier.
authors: Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, GR-15771, Athens, Greece.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kytariolos
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Charkoftaki
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Smith
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Voyiatzis
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Chrissanthopoulos
authors: S N
authors: SN
authors: Yannopoulos
authors: D G
authors: DG
authors: Fatouros
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Macheras
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D000431:Ethanol