title: Self-organization processes in field-invasion team sports : implications for leadership.
abstract: In nature, the interactions between agents in a complex system (fish schools; colonies of ants) are governed by information that is locally created. Each agent self-organizes (adjusts) its behaviour, not through a central command centre, but based on variables that emerge from the interactions with other system agents in the neighbourhood. Self-organization has been proposed as a mechanism to explain the tendencies for individual performers to interact with each other in field-invasion sports teams, displaying functional co-adaptive behaviours, without the need for central control. The relevance of self-organization as a mechanism that explains pattern-forming dynamics within attacker-defender interactions in field-invasion sports has been sustained in the literature. Nonetheless, other levels of interpersonal coordination, such as intra-team interactions, still raise important questions, particularly with reference to the role of leadership or match strategies that have been prescribed in advance by a coach. The existence of key properties of complex systems, such as system degeneracy, nonlinearity or contextual dependency, suggests that self-organization is a functional mechanism to explain the emergence of interpersonal coordination tendencies within intra-team interactions. In this opinion article we propose how leadership may act as a key constraint on the emergent, self-organizational tendencies of performers in field-invasion sports.
authors: Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. ppassos@fmh.utl.pt
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Passos
authors: Duarte
authors: D
authors: Araújo
authors: Keith
authors: K
authors: Davids
mesh_terms: D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000523:psychology*; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007857:Leadership; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*