title: Intermedin/adrenomedullin 2 is associated with implantation and placentation via trophoblast invasion in human pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intermedin (IMD) is a novel peptide expressed in trophoblast cells in human placenta and enhances the invasion, migration, and human leukocyte antigen class I, G (HLA-G) expression in first-trimester HTR-8SV/neo cells. We recently reported that infusion of IMD antagonist in pregnant rats is detrimental to pregnancy outcome, resulting in impaired fetoplacental growth and deformed placental vasculature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to assess expression of IMD and its involvement in human implantation and early placentation and assess whether its expression is altered in spontaneous abortion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate for the first time that IMD is present in day 5 embryonic secretome; villous and decidual expression of IMD is higher at 6-8 weeks after a decline as gestation advances toward the second trimester; first-trimester spontaneous abortion is associated with a lower expression of IMD in serum, villi, and decidua; IMD stimulates the invasive capacity of first-trimester primary Extravillous cytotrophoblast cells; and IMD decreases elevated levels of tumor suppressor Kangia-1 in decidual explants from first-trimester spontaneous abortion. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate a potential involvement of IMD in human embryo implantation and placental development via regulation of trophoblast invasion at the maternal-fetal interface and suggests a physiological role for this novel peptide in establishment of human pregnancy.
authors: Department of Obstetrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-1062, USA.
authors: Dara
authors: D
authors: Havemann
authors: Meena
authors: M
authors: Balakrishnan
authors: Mostafa
authors: M
authors: Borahay
authors: Regan
authors: R
authors: Theiler
authors: Kristofer
authors: K
authors: Jennings
authors: Janice
authors: J
authors: Endsley
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Phelps
authors: Gary D V
authors: GD
authors: Hankins
authors: Chandra
authors: C
authors: Yallampalli
authors: Madhu
authors: M
authors: Chauhan
mesh_terms: D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000502:physiology*; D010929:Placentation / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C484330:ADM2 protein, human; D036361:Peptide Hormones