title: Impact of global normalization in FMRI acupuncture studies.
abstract: Global normalization is often used as a preprocessing step for dispelling the "nuisance effects." However, it has been shown in cognitive and emotion tasks that this preprocessing step might greatly distort statistical results when the orthogonality assumption of global normalization is violated. The present study examines this issue in fMRI acupuncture studies. Thirty healthy subjects were recruited to evaluate the impacts of the global normalization on the BOLD responses evoked by acupuncture stimulation during De-qi sensation and tactile stimulation during nonpainful sensations. To this end, we compared results by conducting global normalization (PSGS) and not conducting global normalization (NO PSGS) based on a proportional scaling model. The orthogonality assumption of global normalization was violated, and significant changes between BOLD responses for NO PSGS and PSGS were shown in most subjects. Extensive deactivations of acupuncture in fMRI were the non-specifically pernicious consequences of global normalization. The central responses of acupuncture during De-qi are non-specifically activation-dominant at the somatosensory-related brain network, whose statistical power is specifically enhanced by PSGS. In conclusion, PSGS should be unjustified for acupuncture studies in fMRI. The differences including the global normalization or not may partly contribute to conflicting results and interpretations in previous fMRI acupuncture studies.
authors: Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.
authors: Jinbo
authors: J
authors: Sun
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Qin
authors: Lingmin
authors: L
authors: Jin
authors: Minghao
authors: M
authors: Dong
authors: Xuejuan
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: Yuanqiang
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Karen M
authors: KM
authors: von Deneen
authors: Qiyong
authors: Q
authors: Gong
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Tian