title: A case of cryptogenic stroke associated with patent foramen ovale coexisting with pulmonary embolisms, deep vein thromboses, and renal artery infarctions.
abstract: A paradoxical embolism is defined as a systemic arterial embolism requiring the passage of a venous thrombus into the arterial circulatory system through a right-to-left shunt, and is commonly related to patent foramen ovale (PFO). However, coexisting pulmonary embolisms, deep vein thromboses (DVT), and multipe systemic arterial embolisms, associated with PFO, are rare. Here, we report a patient who had a cryptogenic ischemic stroke, associated with PFO, which is complicated with a massive pulmonary thromboembolism, DVT, and renal infarctions, and subsequently, the patient was treated using a thrombolytic therapy.
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea.
authors: Moon-Sik
authors: MS
authors: Park
authors: Jong-Pil
authors: JP
authors: Park
authors: So-Hee
authors: SH
authors: Yun
authors: Jae-Un
authors: JU
authors: Lee
authors: Joong-Keun
authors: JK
authors: Kim
authors: Na-Eun
authors: NE
authors: Lee
authors: Ji-Eun
authors: JE
authors: Song
authors: Shin-Eun
authors: SE
authors: Lee
authors: Sung-Hee
authors: SH
authors: John
authors: Ji-Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Lim
authors: Jay-Young
authors: JY
authors: Rhew
keywords: Kidney disease; Paradoxical embolism; Patent foramen ovale; Pulmonary thromboembolism; Stroke