title: Knock-down of hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrases IX and XII radiosensitizes tumor cells by increasing intracellular acidosis.
abstract: The relationship between acidosis within the tumor microenvironment and radioresistance of hypoxic tumor cells remains unclear. Previously we reported that hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrases (CA) IX and CAXII constitute a robust intracellular pH (pH(i))-regulating system that confers a survival advantage on hypoxic human colon carcinoma LS174Tr cells in acidic microenvironments. Here we investigate the role of acidosis, CAIX and CAXII knock-down in combination with ionizing radiation. Fibroblasts cells (-/+ CAIX) and LS174Tr cells (inducible knock-down for ca9/ca12) were analyzed for cell cycle phase distribution and survival after irradiation in extracellular pH(o) manipulations and hypoxia (1% O(2)) exposure. Radiotherapy was used to target ca9/ca12-silenced LS174Tr tumors grown in nude mice. We found that diminishing the pH(i)-regulating capacity of fibroblasts through inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 sensitize cells to radiation-induced cell death. Secondly, the pH(i)-regulating function of CAIX plays a key protective role in irradiated fibroblasts in an acidic environment as accompanied by a reduced number of cells in the radiosensitive phases of the cell cycle. Thirdly, we demonstrate that irradiation of LS174Tr spheroids, silenced for either ca9 or both ca9/ca12, showed a respective 50 and 75% increase in cell death as a result of a decrease in cell number in the radioresistant S phase and a disruption of CA-mediated pH(i) regulation. Finally, LS174Tr tumor progression was strongly decreased when ca9/ca12 silencing was combined with irradiation in vivo. These findings highlight the combinatory use of radiotherapy with targeting of the pH(i)-regulating CAs as an anti-cancer strategy.
authors: Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne ,  Nice, France.
authors: Jérome
authors: J
authors: Doyen
authors: Scott K
authors: SK
authors: Parks
authors: Serge
authors: S
authors: Marcié
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Pouysségur
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Chiche
keywords: carbonic anhydrases; hypoxia; intracellular pH; ionizing radiation; tumor growth