title: p38α senses environmental stress to control innate immune responses via mechanistic target of rapamycin.
abstract: The MAPK p38α senses environmental stressors and orchestrates inflammatory and immunomodulatory reactions. However, the molecular mechanism how p38α controls immunomodulatory responses in myeloid cells remains elusive. We found that in monocytes and macrophages, p38α activated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in vitro and in vivo. p38α signaling in myeloid immune cells promoted IL-10 but inhibited IL-12 expression via mTOR and blocked the differentiation of proinflammatory CD4(+) Th1 cells. Cellular stress induced p38α-mediated mTOR activation that was independent of PI3K but dependent on the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 and on the inhibition of tuberous sclerosis 1 and 2, a negative regulatory complex of mTOR signaling. Remarkably, p38α and PI3K concurrently modulated mTOR to balance IL-12 and IL-10 expression. Our data link p38α to mTOR signaling in myeloid immune cells that is decisive for tuning the immune response in dependence on the environmental milieu.
authors: Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Katholnig
authors: Christopher C
authors: CC
authors: Kaltenecker
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Hayakawa
authors: Margit
authors: M
authors: Rosner
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Lassnig
authors: Gerhard J
authors: GJ
authors: Zlabinger
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Gaestel
authors: Mathias
authors: M
authors: Müller
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Hengstschläger
authors: Walter H
authors: WH
authors: Hörl
authors: Jin Mo
authors: JM
authors: Park
authors: Marcus D
authors: MD
authors: Säemann
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Weichhart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D048308:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D016753:Interleukin-10; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048308:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14