title: [The health and epidemic prevention system of Qingdao in German occupation period].
abstract: In 1893, the German army occupied Qingdao and the 17-year-long control began. During the occupation period, the German colonial government had taken a series of health and epidemic prevention measures, including solving the drinking water problem, improving living conditions, sewer construction, and sewage and garbage disposal to promote the level of sanitation. They also established epidemic prevention and treatment institutions, including epidemic administration and reporting. A series of rules for epidemic prevention were put forward and executed by police officers. Those measures played a role in the administration, legalization and professionalization of the health and epidemic prevention system in Qingdao and initiated the preliminary modern transformation of the health prevention mechanism.
authors: History Department, Teachers College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Jin