title: A randomized evaluation of intravenous dexamethasone versus oral acetaminophen codeine in pediatric adenotonsillectomy: emergence agitation and analgesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenotonsillectomy is the most frequently performed ambulatory surgical procedure in children. Post operative agitation and inadequate pain control, for children undergoing adenotonsillectomy, can be a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intravenous dexamethasone and oral acetaminophen codeine on emergence agitation and pain after adenotonsillectomy in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and five pediatric patients (3-7 years old), scheduled to undergo adenotonsillectomy under general anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. Thirty minutes before induction, patients were randomized to three groups. Group 1 received 0.2 mg/kg of intravenous dexamethasone and 0.25 ml/kg of oral placebo syrup. Group 2 received 20 mg/kg of oral acetaminophen codeine syrup and 0.05 ml/kg of intravenous saline. Group 3 received 0.25 ml/kg of oral placebo syrup and 0.05 ml/kg of intravenous saline. Emergence agitation and postoperative pain were assessed, recorded and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agitation was less frequent in dexamethasone and acetaminophen codeine groups in comparison with placebo group, but there were not significant differences between the two groups. The pain frequencies in the three groups were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that the administration of intravenous dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg) and oral acetaminophen codeine (20 mg/kg) thirty minutes before anesthesia can significantly decrease the incidence and severity of agitation but does not have an effect on postoperative pain.
authors: Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Gholamreza
authors: G
authors: Khalili
authors: Parvin
authors: P
authors: Sajedi
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Shafa
authors: Behnam
authors: B
authors: Hosseini
authors: Houman
authors: H
authors: Seyyedyousefi
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003061:Codeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D004338:Drug Combinations; C526278:acetaminophen, codeine drug combination; D000082:Acetaminophen; D003907:Dexamethasone; D003061:Codeine