title: Engineered andrographolide nanoparticles mitigate paracetamol hepatotoxicity in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) overdose is often fatal due to progressive and irreversible hepatic necrosis. The aim of this work was to design Andrographolide (AG) loaded nanoparticles to prevent similar hepatic necrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functionalized AG-loaded PLGA nanoparticles carrying different densities of heparin were prepared following a facile emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Nanoparticle morphology, loading and release kinetics were studied. Hepatic localization of the nanoparticles was investigated in both normal and APAP damaged conditions using FITC fluorescent probe. Different serum parameters and liver histopathology were further examined as indicators of hepatic condition before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A collection of heparin functionalized AG-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were designed. Low amount of heparin on the particle surface could rapidly localize the nanoparticles up to the liver. The new functionalized AG nanoparticles affect efficient hepatoprotection in experimental mouse APAP overdose conditions. AG nanoparticle hepatoprotection was due to the rapid regeneration of antioxidant capacity and hepatic GSH store.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Engineered nanoparticles loaded with AG provided a fast protection in APAP induced acute liver failure.
authors: Division of Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemicals Technology Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
authors: Partha
authors: P
authors: Roy
authors: Suvadra
authors: S
authors: Das
authors: Runa Ghosh
authors: RG
authors: Auddy
authors: Achintya
authors: A
authors: Saha
authors: Arup
authors: A
authors: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000633:toxicity*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006493:Heparin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000082:Acetaminophen; C030419:andrographolide; D006493:Heparin