title: Tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 and mortality in a multi-ethnic cohort: the Northern Manhattan Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to study the association between soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) levels and mortality in the population-based Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  NOMAS is a multi-ethnic, community-based cohort study with mean 8.4 years of follow-up. sTNFR1 was measured using ELISA. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HR, 95% CI) for the association of sTNFR1 with risk of all-cause mortality after adjusting for relevant confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sTNFR1 measurements were available in 1,862 participants (mean age 69.2 ± 10.2 years) with 512 all-cause deaths. Median sTNFR1 was 2.28 ng/ml. Those with sTNFR1 levels in the highest quartile (Q4), compared with those with sTNFR1 in the lowest quartile (Q1), were at an increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4-2.4) and non-vascular mortality (adjusted HR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.5-3.6), but not vascular mortality (adjusted HR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9-1.9). There were interactions between sTNFR1 quartiles and medical insurance-status [likelihood ratio test (LRT) with 3 degrees of freedom, Pinteraction = 0.02] and alcohol consumption (LRT with 3 degrees of freedom, Pinteraction < 0.01) for all-cause mortality. In participants with no insurance or Medicaid, those with sTNFR1 in the top quartile had nearly a threefold increased risk of total mortality than the lowest quartile (adjusted HR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.9-4.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  in this multi-ethnic cohort, sTNFR1 was associated with all-cause and non-vascular mortality, particularly among those of a lower socioeconomic status.
authors: Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. jl2708@columbia.edu
authors: Jorge M
authors: JM
authors: Luna
authors: Yeseon
authors: Y
authors: Moon
authors: Khin
authors: K
authors: Liu
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Spitalnik
authors: Myunghee
authors: M
authors: Paik
authors: Ralph
authors: R
authors: Sacco
authors: Mitchell S V
authors: MS
authors: Elkind
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000208:ethnology; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; C506235:TNFRSF1A protein, human