title: Hypoxia differentially regulates human nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cell extracellular matrix production in 3D scaffolds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesize that intervertebral disc (IVD) cells from distinct region respond differently to oxygen environment, and that IVD cells from patients with disc degeneration can benefit from hypoxia condition. Therefore, we aimed to determine the transcriptional response and extracellular matrix (ECM) production of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells to different oxygen tension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human NP and AF from degenerated IVD were seeded in 3D scaffolds and subjected to varying oxygen tension (2% and 20%) for 3 weeks. Changes in ECM were evaluated using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, histological and immunohistological analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypoxia significantly enhances NP cells phenotype, which resulted in greater production of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II within the constructs and the cells expressed higher levels of genes encoding NP ECM. A significantly stronger fluorescent signal for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) as also found in the NP cells under the hypoxic than normoxic condition. However, there was little effect of hypoxia on the AF cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NP and AF cells respond differently to hypoxia condition on the 3D scaffold, and hypoxia could enhance NP phenotype. When used in concert with appropriate scaffold material, human NP cells from degenerated disc could be regenerated for tissue engineering application.
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Feng
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Song
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Huang
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tu
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Shen
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Gong
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Zeng
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Kong
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Yi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gupte
authors: P X
authors: PX
authors: Ma
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Pei
mesh_terms: D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057139:Nanofibers; D010641:Phenotype; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D024043:Collagen Type II; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans