title: Clinical review: neuromonitoring - an update.
abstract: Critically ill patients are frequently at risk of neurological dysfunction as a result of primary neurological conditions or secondary insults. Determining which aspects of brain function are affected and how best to manage the neurological dysfunction can often be difficult and is complicated by the limited information that can be gained from clinical examination in such patients and the effects of therapies, notably sedation, on neurological function. Methods to measure and monitor brain function have evolved considerably in recent years and now play an important role in the evaluation and management of patients with brain injury. Importantly, no single technique is ideal for all patients and different variables will need to be monitored in different patients; in many patients, a combination of monitoring techniques will be needed. Although clinical studies support the physiologic feasibility and biologic plausibility of management based on information from various monitors, data supporting this concept from randomized trials are still required.
authors: Nino
authors: N
authors: Stocchetti
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Le Roux
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Vespa
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: Oddo
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Citerio
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Andrews
authors: Robert D
authors: RD
authors: Stevens
authors: Tarek
authors: T
authors: Sharshar
authors: Fabio S
authors: FS
authors: Taccone
authors: Jean-Louis
authors: JL
authors: Vincent
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D016638:Critical Illness; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D017551:Microdialysis; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D013049:Spectrin / Q000378:metabolism; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human; D016875:tau Proteins; D013049:Spectrin; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; D010100:Oxygen