title: Cell wall, cell membrane, and volatile metabolism are altered by antioxidant treatment, temperature shifts, and peel necrosis during apple fruit storage.
abstract: The transition from cold storage to ambient temperature alters apple quality through accelerated softening, flavor and color changes, and development of physiological peel disorders, such as superficial scald, in susceptible cultivars. To reveal global metabolism associated with this transition, the 'Granny Smith' peel metabolome was evaluated during storage of 6 months and shelf life periods. Treatment with the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) reduced scald, creating a metabolic contrast with untreated fruit, which developed superficial scald. Superficial scald symptoms developed on control fruit after 120 days of storage, and symptoms progressed following transition to ambient-temperature shelf life. The metabolic profile of control and DPA-treated fruit was divergent after 30 days of cold storage due to differing levels of α-farnesene oxidation products, methyl esters, phytosterols, and other compounds potentially associated with chloroplast integrity and oxidative stress response. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed coregulation within the volatile synthesis pathway including control of the availability of methyl, propyl, ethyl, acetyl, and butyl alcohol and/or acid moieties for ester biosynthesis. Overall, the application of metabolomics techniques lends new insight into physiological processes leading to cell death and ripening processes that affect fruit flavor, appearance, and overall quality.
authors: Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1104 North Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA.
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Leisso
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Buchanan
authors: Jinwook
authors: J
authors: Lee
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Mattheis
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Rudell
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D061353:Food Storage; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds