title: Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes detected in Tanzania from 2003 to 2010: conjectured status and future prospects.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the presence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)  in different geographic locations of Tanzania. Epithelial tissues and fluids (n = 364) were collected from cattle exhibiting oral and foot vesicular lesions suggestive of FMD and submitted for routine FMD diagnosis. The analysis of these samples collected during the period of 2002 and  2010 was performed by serotype-specific antigen capture ELISA to determine the presence of  FMDV. The results of this study indicated that 167 out of 364 (46.1%) of the samples contained  FMDV antigen. Of the 167 positive samples, 37 (28.4%) were type O, 7 (4.1%) type A, 45 (21.9%)  SAT 1 and 79 (45.6%) SAT 2. Two FMDV serotypes (O and SAT 2) were widely distributed throughout Tanzania whilst  SAT 1 and A types were only found in the Eastern zone. Our findings suggest that serotypes A, O, SAT 1 and SAT 2 prevail in Tanzania and are associated with the recent FMD outbreaks. The lack of comprehensive animal movement records and inconsistent vaccination programmes make it difficult to determine the exact source of FMD outbreaks or to trace the transmission of the disease over time. Therefore, further collection and analysis of samples from domestic and wild animals are being undertaken to investigate the genetic and antigenic characteristics of the circulating strains, so that a rational method to control FMD in Tanzania and the neighbouring countries can be recommended.
authors: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture. christopher.kasanga@sacids.org.
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Kasanga
authors: Raphael
authors: R
authors: Sallu
authors: Fredrick
authors: F
authors: Kivaria
authors: Mathias
authors: M
authors: Mkama
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Masambu
authors: Mmeta
authors: M
authors: Yongolo
authors: Sachindra
authors: S
authors: Das
authors: Chanasa
authors: C
authors: Mpelumbe-Ngeleja
authors: Philemon N
authors: PN
authors: Wambura
authors: Donald P
authors: DP
authors: King
authors: Mark M
authors: MM
authors: Rweyemamu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D010802:Phylogeny; D065288:Serogroup; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral