title: Nutritional risk among Brazilian children 2 to 6 years old: a multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the nutritional risk in children 2 to 6 y old.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 3058 children enrolled in public and private schools in nine Brazilian cities. The assessment of nutrient intake was based on 1-d data combining direct individual weighing of foods and a food diary. A second evaluation of food consumption was conducted in a subsample to estimate the usual intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was low prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamin B6 (<0.001%), riboflavin (<0.001%), niacin (<0.001%), thiamin (<0.001%), folate (<0.001%), phosphorus (<0.1%), magnesium (<0.1%), iron (<0.5%), copper (<0.001%), zinc (<0.5%), and selenium (<0.001%). However, 22% of children younger than 4 y and 5% of children older than 4 y consumed fiber quantities larger than the adequate intake. Approximately 30% of the sample consumed more saturated fat than recommended. The prevalence of inadequate vitamin E intake ranged from 15% to 29%. More than 90% of the children had an inadequate vitamin D intake. In children older than 4 y, the prevalence of inadequate calcium intake was approximately 45%. Sodium intake was higher than the upper intake level in 90% of children younger than 4 y and 73% of children older than 4 y.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of inadequate dietary intake was low for most nutrients. However, fiber, calcium, and vitamin D and E intakes were lower than recommended. Moreover, children consumed large amounts of sodium and saturated fat.
authors: Nutrition Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Milena Baptista
authors: MB
authors: Bueno
authors: Regina Mara
authors: RM
authors: Fisberg
authors: Priscila
authors: P
authors: Maximino
authors: Guilherme de Pádua
authors: Gde P
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: Fisberg
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology*; D062407:Meals; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D015995:Prevalence; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005227:Fatty Acids; D018977:Micronutrients; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E