title: The cocaine trail: levamisole-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a cocaine user.
abstract: Two million Americans use cocaine on a regular basis. Sixty-nine percent of cocaine in the United States is adulterated with levamisole, a veterinary antihelminthic drug. In 2008, the first cases of levamisole-induced agranulocytosis and vasculopathy associated with adulterated cocaine were reported in the southwestern United States. Since then, reports of levamisole-associated toxicity have become increasingly common. The authors present the case of a 47-year-old woman from Michigan with purpuric lesions likely secondary to levamisole-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 3301 Taubman Center (SPC 5382), 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. metwally@med.umich.edu
authors: Omar
authors: O
authors: Metwally
authors: Massihullah
authors: M
authors: Hamidi
authors: Leilani
authors: L
authors: Townsend
authors: Hasan
authors: H
authors: Abualula
authors: Anwar
authors: A
authors: Zaitoun
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Lall
mesh_terms: D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D004340:Drug Contamination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007978:Levamisole / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018366:Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D007978:Levamisole