title: Bacterial adhesion on the titanium and zirconia abutment surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microorganisms harboring the oral cavity, mainly those related to periodontal diseases, are the most potential etiologic factor of failure in long-term implant treatment. The material used for abutment components may influence the adhesion and colonization of microbial species. The aim of this in vivo investigation was to evaluate the biofilm formation on machined (MPT) or cast titanium (CPT) and zirconia abutments (Zc).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy subjects were enrolled in this randomized crossover clinical investigation. The study was conducted in three phases according to abutment surface evaluated. Each subject used an individual oral splint containing four disks of the same tested substrate, two located in the anterior and two in the posterior region, totalizing 12 specimens for subject. Participants were asked to use the removable intraoral splint during 24 h. DNA checkerboard hybridization method was used to identify and quantify 38 bacterial species colonizing formed biofilm on the abutment substrates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pathogens and non-pathogens species were found colonizing the three substrates surfaces. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Neisseria mucosa, Porphyromonas aeruginosa, Peptostreptococcus anaerobios, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Tanerella forsythia were the only species with no significant differences over the tested materials (P > 0.05). All the other target species presented significant differences sought by Friedman test (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant difference in the total bacterial count between the three groups. CPT presented the higher mean counts, followed by MPT and Zc. CPT group also showed a higher mean incidence of species than MPT and Zc. The anterior or posterior region of disks placement did not show significant differences in relation to bacterial adhesion.
authors: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Cássio do
authors: CD
authors: Nascimento
authors: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Murillo Sucena
authors: MS
authors: Pita
authors: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Flávio Henrique Nogueira Carriço
authors: FHNC
authors: Fernandes
authors: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Vinícius
authors: V
authors: Pedrazzi
authors: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Rubens Ferreira
authors: RF
authors: de Albuquerque Junior
authors: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Ricardo Faria
authors: RF
authors: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D000044:Dental Abutments; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: biomaterials; clinical assessment; clinical research; diagnosis; microbiology; prosthodontics