title: Reduction in the earthworm metabolomic response after phenanthrene exposure in soils with high soil organic carbon content.
abstract: We evaluated the correlation between soil organic carbon (OC) content and metabolic responses of Eisenia fetida earthworms after exposure to phenanthrene (58 ± 3 mg/kg) spiked into seven artificial soils with OC contents ranging from 1 to 27% OC. Principal component analysis of (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of aqueous extracts identified statistically significant differences in the metabolic profiles of control and phenanthrene-exposed E. fetida in the 1% OC soil only. Partial least squares analysis identified a metabolic response in the four soils with OC values ≤11% which was well correlated to estimated phenanthrene porewater concentrations. The results suggest that the higher sorption capability of high OC soils decreased the bioavailability of phenanthrene and the subsequent metabolic response of E. fetida.
authors: Environmental NMR Centre, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.
authors: Jennifer R
authors: JR
authors: McKelvie
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Whitfield Åslund
authors: Magda A
authors: MA
authors: Celejewski
authors: André J
authors: AJ
authors: Simpson
authors: Myrna J
authors: MJ
authors: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D055442:Metabolome; D009835:Oligochaeta; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C031181:phenanthrene; D002244:Carbon