title: The comparison of intraincisional injection tramadol, pethidine and bupivacaine on postcesarean section pain relief under spinal anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bupivacaine, tramadol, and pethidine has local anesthetic effect. The aim of this study was to compare effect of subcutaneous (SC) infiltration of tramadol, pethidine, and bupivacaine on postoperative pain relief after cesarean delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  120 patient, scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, were randomly allocated to 1 of the 4 groups according to the drugs used for postoperative analgesia: Group P (Pethidine) 50 mg ,Group T (Tramadol) 40 mg, Group B (Bupivacaine 0.25%) 0.7 mg/kg, and Group C (control) 20CC normal saline injection in incision site of surgery. Pain intensity (VAS = visual analogous scale) at rest and on coughing and opioid consumption were assessed on arrival in the recovery room, and then 15, 30, 60 minutes and 2, 6, 12, 24 hours after that.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VAS scores were significantly lower in groups T and P compared with groups B and C except for 24 hours (VAS rest) and 6 hours (VAS on coughing) postoperatively (P < 0.05). The number of patients requiring morphine were significantly different between the groups (105 doses vs. 87, 56, 46, doses for group C, B, T and P, respectively, P < 0.05) in all the times, except for 2 and 6 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of subcutaneous pethidine or tramadol after cesarean section improves analgesia and has a significant morphine-sparing effect compared with bupivacaine and control groups.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Mitra
authors: M
authors: Jabalameli
authors: Mohammadreza
authors: M
authors: Safavi
authors: Azim
authors: A
authors: Honarmand
authors: Hamid
authors: H
authors: Saryazdi
authors: Darioush
authors: D
authors: Moradi
authors: Parviz
authors: P
authors: Kashefi
keywords: bupivacaine; pethidine; post-cesarean section pain; spinal anesthesia; tramadol