title: Human visceral leishmaniasis in kermanshah province, Western iran, during 2011-2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is a parasitic disease caused by the species of Leishmania donovani complex. It is endemic in some parts of provinces of Iran. According to the reported cases of VL in Kermanshah Province in recent years, this study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of VL in high risk villages of the province.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally, 1622 serum samples obtained from children under 15 years old and 178 from adults in 22 villages of studied areas. Serum samples were examined by direct agglutination test (DAT) for the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies. Data were analyzed using SPSS software ver.11.5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 6 serum samples (0.33%) showed anti-Leishmania antibodies against L.infantum at titers ≥ 1/3200. Four of the seropositive cases had a history of kala-azar and Leishman bodies were seen in their bone marrows. The highest (0.5%) and lowest (0.29%) seroprevalence was seen in the age groups of 5-9 and 10-14 years old, respectively. None of the adults were seropositive. There were not any significant differences between the rate of seropositivity in males (0.36%) and females (0.31%). 66.7% of seropositive individuals showed clinical manifestations. The most important symptoms in Kala-azar patients were fever, hepato-spleenomegally and anemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kala-azar is occurred sporadically in Kermanshah Province. But presence of significant number of positive sera confirms the necessity for attention of people and clinicians to kala-azar.
authors: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Hamzavi
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Hamzeh
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mohebali
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Akhoundi
authors: Kh
authors: Kh
authors: Ajhang
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Khademi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ghadiri
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Bashiri
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pajhouhan
keywords: Iran; Kala-azar; Seroepidemiology; Seroprevalence; Visceral leishmaniasis