title: Bracing is an effective therapy for pectus carinatum: interim results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pectus Carinatum is a common congenital chest wall malformation. Until recently the mainstay of treatment was surgical remodeling of the deformed chest wall. Initial results suggest that non-operative bracing may be an effective therapy, but the optimal strategy for correction is not known. Herein we report the results of a self-adjustable low profile bracing system worn continuously until the defect is corrected (correction phase), then worn at night (8 h/day) until completion of axial growth (maintenance phase)-the Calgary Protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients referred to a pediatric surgery chest wall clinic were prospectively asked to join an IRB approved outcomes monitoring study. 124 patients were evaluated from 2007 to 2011, and 98 were prescribed a brace and counseled to follow the protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  98 patients consented to follow-up at starting bracing age: 14.4 ± 1.9 years, Tanner stage: 3.6 ± 0.5, protrusion: 2.1 ± 1.0 cm, self-rating of appearance: 2.9 ± 1.1, and exercise tolerance: 4.4 ± 1.1 (1-5 with 5 = normal). 10 patients are in correction phase, and 44 patients have completed correction after 7.0 ± 7.3 months: Tanner stage: 3.8 ± 0.1, protrusion: 0.5 ± 0.6 cm*, appearance: 4.3 ± 0.3* and exercise tolerance 4.6 ± 1.0. Correction occurred more quickly in patients prior to achieving Tanner stage IV (4.2 ± 0.9 months) vs. Tanner stage IV (8.0 ± 7.1 months) at the beginning of bracing. 21 patients completed maintenance bracing after 17.9 ± 19.0 months: Tanner stage: 3.9 ± 0.2, protrusion 0.5 ± 0.7 cm*, appearance: 4.3 ± 0.9*, and exercise tolerance: 4.8 ± 1.4. Average follow-up after bracing is 13.9 ± 16.0 months (mean ± S.D., *P < .05). There was one recurrence, likely due to early discontinuation of maintenance. This responded to an additional 6 months of bracing. 42 patients failed therapy secondary to non-compliance or were lost in follow up, while 2 patients did not respond to bracing and required open operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If patients are compliant, a self- adjusting brace system can give rapid correction of the pectus carinatum protrusion with excellent patient satisfaction. These interim results suggest that continued bracing until skeletal maturity gives long term durability to the correction. Further studies will be required to further refine this promising therapy.
authors: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. richy.lee@albertahealthservices.ca
authors: Richy T
authors: RT
authors: Lee
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Moorman
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Schneider
authors: David L
authors: DL
authors: Sigalet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001915:Braces; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009139:Musculoskeletal Abnormalities / Q000628:therapy*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011627:Puberty; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome