title: Interspinous spacers compared with decompression or fusion for lumbar stenosis: complications and repeat operations in the Medicare population.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective cohort analysis of Medicare claims for 2006-2009.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether interspinous distraction procedures are used selectively in patients with more advanced age or comorbidity, and whether they are associated with fewer complications, lower costs, and less revision surgery than laminectomy or fusion surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A manufacturer-sponsored randomized trial suggested an advantage of interspinous spacer surgery compared with nonsurgical care, but there are few comparisons with other surgical procedures. Furthermore, there are few population-based data evaluating patterns of use of these devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used Medicare inpatient claims data to compare age and comorbidity for patients with spinal stenosis undergoing surgery (n = 99,084) with (1) an interspinous process spacer alone; (2) laminectomy and a spacer; (3) decompression alone; or (4) lumbar fusion (1-2 level). We also compared these 4 groups for cost of surgery and rates of revision surgery, major medical complications, wound complications, mortality, and 30-day readmission rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who received spacers were older than those undergoing decompression or fusion, but had little evidence of greater comorbidity. Patients receiving a spacer alone had fewer major medical complications than those undergoing decompression or fusion surgery (1.2% vs. 1.8% and 3.3%, respectively), but had higher rates of further inpatient lumbar surgery (16.7% vs. 8.5% for decompression and 9.8% for fusion at 2 yr). Hospital payments for spacer surgery were greater than those for decompression alone but less than for fusion procedures. These associations persisted in multivariate models adjusting for patient age, sex, comorbidity score, and previous hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with decompression or fusion, interspinous distraction procedures pose a trade-off in outcomes: fewer complications for the index operation, but higher rates of revision surgery. This information should help patients make more informed choices, but further research is needed to define optimal indications for these new devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors: Department of Family Medicine, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, USA. deyor@ohsu.edu
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Deyo
authors: Brook I
authors: BI
authors: Martin
authors: Alex
authors: A
authors: Ching
authors: Anna N A
authors: AN
authors: Tosteson
authors: Jeffrey G
authors: JG
authors: Jarvik
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Kreuter
authors: Sohail K
authors: SK
authors: Mirza
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States