title: The influence of low-intensity laser therapy on bone healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) is defined to supply direct biostimulative light energy to the cells. While several studies have demonstrated that LILT has stimulating effects on bone cells and can accelerate the repair process of the bone, others reported delayed fracture healing or no effects after LILT. The aim of this article was to review the studies evaluating the biomodulation effects of LILT on bone-derived stem cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  To access relevant articles, searching in three electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct was conducted until April 2012. The key words used were low-level laser, low-intensity laser, low-power laser therapy, stem cell, bone marrow stem cell, bone and osteoblast. The articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review of literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five relevant articles (13 in vitro and 12 animal studies) were included. Eleven in vitro studies showed positive results with regard to acceleration of cell proliferation and differentiation. All animal studies showed improved bone healing in sites irradiated with low-intensity laser.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results of the reviewed articles, low intensity laser therapy can accelerate bone healing in extraction sites, bone fracture defects and distraction osteogenesis, provided proper parameters were applied.
authors: Dentist, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ebrahimi
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Moslemi
authors: Ar
authors: A
authors: Rokn
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Heidari
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Nokhbatolfoghahaie
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Fekrazad
keywords: Bone Marrow Cell; Laser Biostimulation; Laser Phototherapy; Low-Level Laser Therapy; Osteoblast; Stem Cells; stem cells