title: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A to induce temporary ptosis in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) to promote protective ptosis in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective interventional study, a total of 10 dogs underwent transcutaneous anterior chemodenervation of levator palpebral superioris with 15 U of BoNT/A. The systemic changes, ocular mobility, visual function, intraocular pressure (IOP), tear production, and the onset, degree, and duration of ptosis were evaluated on a daily basis during the first 7 days and on days 14, 21, and 28 after application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The onset of the clinical effect was observed between 2 and 3 days after application of the toxin; the time taken for maximum ptosis to develop varied from 4 to 7 days (mean 5 days) and the average duration of the toxin effect was 21 days. The mean percentage reduction in palpebral fissure height was 42.859% (SD±35.714%-59.821%). There was not a statistically significant difference in IOP before and after the BoNT/A application (P=0.974), or lacrimal production evaluation (P=0.276). There was no change in ocular mobility and no other adverse effect was observed in association with the administration of the study drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of BoNT/A into the levator palpebral superioris muscle in dogs was effective and safe to promote protective ptosis with a temporary covering of the cornea.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. maurakwb@yahoo.com.br
authors: Maura Krähembühl Wanderley
authors: MK
authors: Bittencourt
authors: José Paulo Cabral
authors: JP
authors: de Vasconcellos
authors: Matheus Domingues
authors: MD
authors: Bittencourt
authors: Rodolfo
authors: R
authors: Malagó
authors: Marianna
authors: M
authors: Bacellar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004285:Dogs; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013666:Tears / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C556222:prosigne