title: [Pathogens and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonates].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the pathogens, drug sensitivity and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 401 neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and received mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or longer from January 2008 to February 2012. Eighty-five of the 401 neonates suffered VAP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main pathogens for VAP were Gram-negative bacteria (97%), including Klebsiella pneumoniae (51%), Acinetobacter baumannii (17%) and Escherichia coli (12%) as the three most frequent ones. The drug sensitivity test showed that these pathogens developed resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefazolin, and cefotaxime, with a susceptibility rate of below 15%, and demonstrated decreased sensitivity to imipenem and meropenem, with a susceptibility rate of below 75%. The independent risk factors for neonatal VAP included birth weight (OR=1.399, P<0.05), duration of mechanical ventilation (OR=1.966, P<0.01), length of hospital stay (OR=1.812, P<0.01), times of tracheal intubation (OR=2.056, P<0.01), and 1 min Apgar score (OR=2.146, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of neonatal VAP is influenced by many factors. The main pathogens for neonatal VAP are Gram-negative bacteria and antibacterial agents should be properly used according to drug sensitivity test results. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of VAP.
authors: Department of Neonatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: De-Shuang
authors: DS
authors: Zhang
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhou
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: De-Zhi
authors: DZ
authors: Mu
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012307:Risk Factors