title: Mechanisms of islet amyloidosis toxicity in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Amyloid formation by the neuropancreatic hormone, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin), one of the most amyloidogenic sequences known, leads to islet amyloidosis in type 2 diabetes and to islet transplant failure. Under normal conditions, IAPP plays a role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis by regulating several metabolic parameters, such as satiety, blood glucose levels, adiposity and body weight. The mechanisms of IAPP amyloid formation, the nature of IAPP toxic species and the cellular pathways that lead to pancreatic β-cell toxicity are not well characterized. Several mechanisms of toxicity, including receptor and non-receptor-mediated events, have been proposed. Analogs of IAPP have been approved for the treatment of diabetes and are under investigation for the treatment of obesity.
authors: Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 906, New York, NY 10016, USA. Andisheh.Abedini@nyumc.org
authors: Andisheh
authors: A
authors: Abedini
authors: Ann Marie
authors: AM
authors: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D058287:Receptors, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D058287:Receptors, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide