title: RNA interference in the nucleus: roles for small RNAs in transcription, epigenetics and beyond.
abstract: A growing number of functions are emerging for RNA interference (RNAi) in the nucleus, in addition to well-characterized roles in post-transcriptional gene silencing in the cytoplasm. Epigenetic modifications directed by small RNAs have been shown to cause transcriptional repression in plants, fungi and animals. Additionally, increasing evidence indicates that RNAi regulates transcription through interaction with transcriptional machinery. Nuclear small RNAs include small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and are implicated in nuclear processes such as transposon regulation, heterochromatin formation, developmental gene regulation and genome stability.
authors: Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA.
authors: Stephane E
authors: SE
authors: Castel
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Martienssen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004260:DNA Repair; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering