title: Circumstances of initiation into new-type drug use among adults in Shanghai: are there differences by types of first new-type drug used?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated circumstances of initiating new-type drug use among adult new-type drug users and differences among those who first used methamphetamine, ecstasy and ketamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 276 participants were recruited, using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) from nine seeds recruited through NGOs, social workers and outreach workers in Shanghai, China.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methamphetamine was the most frequently reported first new-type drug used (37.1%), followed by ecstasy (35.6%) and ketamine (20.0%). 38.7% of participants initiated new-type drug use before the age of 21 years. 47.8% knew at initiation that club drugs can be harmful. Most were introduced to new-type drug use by friends, spouses or boy/girlfriends. The three most common reasons for initiation were curiosity, peer influence, and wishing to dull one's emotions. Those first using methamphetamine were more likely to be female, have a monthly individual income less than 3000 Yuan (approx. $476), initiate use at 21 years or older and at private setting than those first using ecstasy and ketamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an urgent need for drug education efforts in China to raise awareness of the harms of new-type drugs, as well as to increase knowledge about the paradox of new-type drug effects. Drug prevention and intervention programs should be tailore to target populations and their social context.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yingying
authors: Y
authors: Ding
authors: Na
authors: N
authors: He
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Detels
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000145:classification; D007649:Ketamine / Q000145:classification; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000145:classification; D008875:Middle Aged; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000145:classification; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine; D007649:Ketamine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
keywords: China; Ecstasy; Initiation; Ketamine; Methamphetamine; New-type drugs