title: Neuroprotective effect of physical exercise in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease induced by β-amyloid₁₋₄₀ peptide.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of exercise in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of beta-amyloid₁₋₄₀ (Aβ₁₋₄₀) peptide. For this aim, male Swiss Albino mice were submitted to swimming training (ST) with progressive increase in intensity and duration for 8 weeks before Aβ₁₋₄₀ administration (400 pmol/animal; 3 μl/site, i.c.v. route). The cognitive behavioral, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory markers in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice were assessed 7 days after Aβ₁₋₄₀ administration. Our results demonstrated that ST was effective in preventing impairment in short- and long-term memories in the object recognition test. ST attenuated the increased levels of reactive species and decreased non-protein thiol levels in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex induced by Aβ₁₋₄₀. Also, Aβ₁₋₄₀ inhibited superoxide dismutase activity and increased glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase activities in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex-alterations that were mitigated by ST. In addition, ST was effective against the increase of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta levels and the decrease of interleukin-10 levels in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. This study confirmed the hypothesis that exercise is able to protect against some mechanisms of Aβ₁₋₄₀-induced neurotoxicity. In conclusion, we suggest that exercise can prevent the cognitive decline, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation induced by Aβ₁₋₄₀ in mice supporting the hypothesis that exercise can be used as a non-pharmacological tool to reduce the symptoms of AD.
authors: Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas-LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil.
authors: Leandro C
authors: LC
authors: Souza
authors: Carlos B
authors: CB
authors: Filho
authors: André T R
authors: AT
authors: Goes
authors: Lucian Del
authors: LD
authors: Fabbro
authors: Marcelo G
authors: MG
authors: de Gomes
authors: Lucielli
authors: L
authors: Savegnago
authors: Mauro Schneider
authors: MS
authors: Oliveira
authors: Cristiano R
authors: CR
authors: Jesse
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000633:toxicity*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods / Q000502:physiology*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40)