title: Recent advances in occupational dermatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review examined recent advances in occupational contact dermatitis (OCD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to OCD. There is continuing growth in our understanding of the genetic factors, particularly related to filaggrin mutations. In spite of increased understanding of irritant exposures, the prevalence of hand eczema in workers with wet work exposures remains high at approximately 20%. Patch test database surveillance systems have documented reductions in the occurrence of sensitivity to some allergens such as chromium wherein regulatory efforts have reduced workplace exposures. These surveillance data have also documented increases in sensitivity to several allergens in particular trades, serving as an effective system to identify new exposure situations or new allergens. The impact of OCD on quality of life and mental health conditions, employment and financial aspects is increasingly documented. Progress in understanding the underreporting of OCD and the underlying reasons continues. Several groups have developed robust multidisciplinary secondary and tertiary prevention programmes and the evaluations demonstrate promise. Although several recent systematic reviews have documented the evidence for various prevention strategies, there is increasing understanding of the gaps in prevention practices in actual workplaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding of the underlying genetic and environmental agents contributing to OCD is increasing. In spite of progress with reducing exposure to some allergens, the prevalence of OCD continues to be high, particularly related to wet work. New prevention programmes are being developed and evaluated and hold promise for improved outcomes.
authors: Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. holnessl@smh.ca
authors: Dorothy Linn
authors: DL
authors: Holness
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D002857:Chromium / Q000276:immunology; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; C000717249:FLG protein, human; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D002857:Chromium