title: Individual- and area-level disparities in access to the road network, subway system and a public bicycle share program on the Island of Montreal, Canada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined potential disparities in access to transportation infrastructures, an important determinant of population health.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine individual- and area-level disparities in access to the road network, public transportation system, and a public bicycle share program in Montreal, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Examining associations between sociodemographic variables and access to the road network, public transportation system, and a public bicycle share program, 6,495 adult respondents (mean age, 48.7 years; 59.0 % female) nested in 33 areas were included in a multilevel analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with lower incomes lived significantly closer to public transportation and the bicycle share program. At the area level, the interaction between low-education and low-income neighborhoods showed that these areas were significantly closer to public transportation and the bicycle share program controlling for individual and urbanicity variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More deprived areas of the Island of Montreal have better access to transportation infrastructure than less-deprived areas.
authors: Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Science Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. fuller.daniel@gmail.com
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Fuller
authors: Lise
authors: L
authors: Gauvin
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Kestens
mesh_terms: D001334:Automobile Driving; D001642:Bicycling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011792:Quebec; D011890:Railroads; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D014186:Transportation; D014505:Urban Population