title: Meteorological influences on swarm emergence in honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as detected by crowdsourcing.
abstract: A crowdsourced dataset of 1,335 honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) swarm events in Germany in 2011 was created by beekeepers, public institutions, and members of the public and analyzed with respect to prevailing weather. The emergence of swarms appeared to be influenced by temperature  and rainfall. On successive warm days in May the number of swarming events increased noticeably, but during a mid-month frost event the number of swarming events dropped markedly. Swarming events also occurred only rarely on rainy days. This study showed how crowdsourcing can be used to generate  large, useful, phenological datasets.
authors: Ecoclimatology, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carlvon-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany. henneken@tum.de
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Henneken
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Helm
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Menzel
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000502:physiology*; D005843:Geography; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011891:Rain; D012621:Seasons; D012919:Social Behavior; D013696:Temperature; D014887:Weather