title: Ovarian hormones and emotional eating associations across the menstrual cycle: an examination of the potential moderating effects of body mass index and dietary restraint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Associations between within-person changes in ovarian hormones and dysregulated eating (binge eating, emotional eating) have been observed across the menstrual cycle. However, studies have not examined moderators that may contribute to differential associations between individuals. We investigated body-weight regulation variables [body mass index (BMI), dietary restraint] that have theoretical relevance by virtue of their associations with both phenotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (N = 196) provided emotional eating ratings and saliva samples for 45 days. BMI and restraint were assessed at three time points and averaged.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed significant estradiol × progesterone interactions in the prediction of within-subject changes in emotional eating. Neither BMI nor restraint moderated these relationships, although a trend-level dietary restraint × estradiol interaction was observed where estradiol's effects were enhanced in high restraint scorers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings confirm a role for hormones in changes in emotional eating and suggest that restraint might enhance hormone effects in severegroups.
authors: Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA. klump@msu.edu
authors: Kelly L
authors: KL
authors: Klump
authors: Pamela K
authors: PK
authors: Keel
authors: S Alexandra
authors: SA
authors: Burt
authors: Sarah E
authors: SE
authors: Racine
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: Neale
authors: Cheryl L
authors: CL
authors: Sisk
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Boker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000523:psychology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva; D014427:Twins; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol