title: It is not only the empty vials that go into the garbage can during chemotherapy drugs preparation: a cost analysis of unused chemotherapy drugs in cancer treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cancer therapy is a costly treatment. Costs of drugs used in cancer therapy are gradually increasing with the addition of new and expensive drugs. This fact imposes obligation on reasonable drug usage. Occasionally, all of the prescribed drugs are not used for various reasons, and a number of drugs can be left over. In this study, we aimed to calculate the costs of unused chemotherapeutic drugs in our oncology clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 117 patients with 17 different types of cancer were administered 32 cancer therapy protocols during 2 months. After administration of ideal doses of the prescribed drugs calculated on an individual basis, the number of unused drug doses in the packages was recorded and the costs of the unused drugs were calculated based on current prices of the drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative cost of the unused drugs calculated for all patients was US dollars (USD) 6406.93, and average cost of the drug per capita was USD 54.76. Minimal and maximal unused drug costs per drug were USD 0.29 for 5-fluorouracil, and USD 247.12 for bevacizumab, respectively. Minimal increase in drug costs per recipe was USD 0.50 for a prescription containing cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil, while the total cost of bevacizumab plus irinotecan combination increased tremendously to USD 309.12. Among chemotherapeutic protocols the cheapest one was AC (adriamycin, cyclophosphamide) with USD 4.77, while the most expensive one (USD 116.02) was FOLFIRI-B (5-fluorouracil, calcium folinate, irinotecan, and bevacizumab).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The important financial burden of unused drugs goes unrecognized among routine chemotherapeutic applications. In order to be able to avoid this extravagance, drug industry, prescribing physicians, and practice nurses must assume important roles.
authors: Mersin Public Health Hospital, Clinic of Medical Oncology, Mersin, Turkey. dralperata@yahoo.com
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ata
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Abali
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Yengel
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Arican
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents