title: A complex interplay between personality domains, marital status and a variant in CHRNA5 on the risks of cocaine, nicotine dependences and cocaine-induced paranoia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Personality correlates highly with both cocaine and nicotine dependencies (CD, ND), and their co-morbid psychopathologies. However, little is known about the nature of these relationships. This study examined if environment (marriage) or genetics (a single SNP, CHRNA5*rs16969968) would moderate the correlation of personality with CD, ND and cocaine-induced paranoia (CIP) in African and European Americans (AAs, EAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  1432 EAs and 1513 AAs were examined using logistic regression. Personality was assessed by NEO-PI-R, while CD, ND and CIP were diagnosed according to DSM-IV. ND and CD were examined as binary traits and for the analysis of CIP, subjects were divided into 3 groups: (A) Controls with no CIP; (B) CD cases without CIP; and (C) CD cases with CIP. Multiple testing was Bonferroni-corrected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For CD and ND in the EA population, marital status proved to be a significant moderator in their relationship with openness only (OR = 1.90, 95%CI = 1.36-2.64, p = 1.54e-04 and OR = 2.12, 95%CI = 1.52-2.90, p = 4.65e-06 respectively). For CIP, marriage was observed to moderate its correlation with openness and neuroticism (OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.18-1.63, p = 7.64e-04 and OR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.12-1.42, p = 1.27e-03 respectively). The correlations moderated by rs16969968 were those of conscientiousness and CD (OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.23-2.12, p = 8.94e-04) as well as CIP (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11-1.32, p = 4.93e-04 when comparing group A versus group C). No significant interactions were observed in AA population. The Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold was set to be 1.67e-03.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The role of personality in CD and CIP may be interceded by both environment and genetics, while in ND by environment only.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors: Tetyana
authors: T
authors: Zayats
authors: Bao-Zhu
authors: BZ
authors: Yang
authors: Pingxing
authors: P
authors: Xie
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Poling
authors: Lindsay A
authors: LA
authors: Farrer
authors: Joel
authors: J
authors: Gelernter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D003042:Cocaine; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010259:Paranoid Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D010551:Personality; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C447158:CHRNA5 protein, human; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D003042:Cocaine