title: Feeding practice among 6-36 months old in Tanzania and Uganda: reliability and relationship with early childhood caries, ECC.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the reproducibility of caregivers' responses to dietary recall from birth and 24-h dietary recall with respect to infants' intake of sugared snacks and to assess whether those assessment methods provide comparable results for groups of infants. Re-test reliability and clinical covariates of time to first exposure of sugared snacks and time to termination of breastfeeding were also examined. It was hypothesized that time to first exposure/termination would vary according to socio-demographic profile and ECC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interviews and clinical oral examinations were carried out in Kampala and Manyara, including 1221 and 816 child-caregiver pairs. Reproducibility was assessed using Cohen's kappa and Intra Class Correlation Coefficient, ICC. Adjusted Cox regression was used to model time to first exposure of sugared snacks and time to termination of breastfeeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cohen's kappa for intake of sugar items ranged from 0.40-1.0, with no differences observed between average intakes at test-re-test. Mean sugar score based on 24-h recall increased significantly by increasing quartiles of the sugar score based on recall from birth. Cox regression revealed that the odds ratio, OR, for early exposure to various sugared snacks and the ORs for early termination of breastfeeding were significantly smaller in infants with than without ECC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fair-to-good reproducibility was established. Infant's sugar consumption emerge as early as 6 months of age. Survival of any breastfeeding and non-exposure to sugared snacks was most prolonged among infants with ECC. This has implications for interventions needed to improve feeding habits of infants and toddlers.
authors: Department of Clinical Dentistry, Community Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway.
authors: Ray
authors: R
authors: Masumo
authors: Asgeir
authors: A
authors: Bardsen
authors: Kijakazi
authors: K
authors: Mashoto
authors: Anne Nordrehaug
authors: AN
authors: Åstrøm
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013636:Tanzania; D014454:Uganda