title: Achalasia and thyroid disease: possible autoimmune connection?
abstract: Many cases have been published showing a co-existence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) and other autoimmune diseases. About a quarter of patients with achalasia have a concurrent thyroid disease, most commonly associated with hypothyroidism. Although relatively rare, the association of achalasia and hyperthyroidism requires attention. The physiopathology of Grave's Disease (GD) involves B- and T-mediator lymphocytes, which have an affinity for known thyroid antigens: thyroglobulin, thyroid-peroxidase, and thyrotrophin receptor. Currently, however, the real physiopathogenesis of achalasia continues to be unknown. Some important findings are suggestive of an autoimmune mechanism: significant infiltration of the myoenteric plexus by monocytes, presence of the class II-Human Histocompatibility Complex DQwl antigen and antibodies to myoenteric neurons. The present case reports a patient who, despite testing negative for Chagas' disease, had achalasia, progressed to developing significant wasting and worsening of his quality of life, was later diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. After endoscopic esophageal dilatation and radioiodine ablation of the thyroid gland, there was great improvement in the patient clinical condition.
authors: Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. arquidute@gmail.com
authors: Ana Rosa P
authors: AR
authors: Quidute
authors: Eduardo Vasconcelos de
authors: EV
authors: Freitas
authors: Tadeu Gonçalves de
authors: TG
authors: Lima
authors: Ana Márcia Lima
authors: AM
authors: Feitosa
authors: Joyce Paiva dos
authors: JP
authors: Santos
authors: José Walter
authors: JW
authors: Correia
mesh_terms: D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000209:etiology*