title: Biotransformation and improved enzymatic extraction of chlorogenic acid from coffee pulp by filamentous fungi.
abstract: The highest enzymatic extraction of covalent linked chlorogenic (36.1%) and caffeic (CA) (33%) acids from coffee pulp (CP) was achieved by solid-state fermentation with a mixture of three enzymatic extracts produced by Aspergillus tamarii, Rhizomucor pusillus, and Trametes sp. Enzyme extracts were produced in a practical inexpensive way. Synergistic effects on the extraction yield were observed when more than one enzyme extract was used. In addition, biotransformation of chlorogenic acid (ChA) by Aspergillus niger C23308 was studied. Equimolar transformation of ChA into CA and quinic acids (QA) was observed during the first 36 h in submerged culture. Subsequently, after 36 h, equimolar transformation of CA into protocatechuic acid was observed; this pathway is being reported for the first time for A. niger. QA was used as a carbon source by A. niger C23308. This study presents the potential of using CP to produce enzymes and compounds such as ChA with biological activities.
authors: Dept. of Biotechnology, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa Campus, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col., Vicentina, CP 09340, DF, Mexico.
authors: María Teresa
authors: MT
authors: Torres-Mancera
authors: Itzamná
authors: I
authors: Baqueiro-Peña
authors: Arturo
authors: A
authors: Figueroa-Montero
authors: Gabriela
authors: G
authors: Rodríguez-Serrano
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: González-Zamora
authors: Ernesto
authors: E
authors: Favela-Torres
authors: Gerardo
authors: G
authors: Saucedo-Castañeda
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D020103:Rhizomucor / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D055454:Trametes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007220:Industrial Waste; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid