title: Time-of-day effects on biochemical responses to soccer-specific endurance in elite Tunisian football players.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate footballers' diurnal variation of performance during the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test and the associated biochemical responses. Fifteen male footballers (17.3 ± 0.3 years, 69.1 ± 4.2 kg, 179.7 ± 3.6 cm) performed two randomised Yo-Yo tests at 07:00 h and 17:00 h. Blood samples were collected before and 3 min after each test for the assessment of metabolic responses. Resting oral temperature and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after and peak heart rate during the Yo-Yo test were recorded at both times-of-day. Core temperature and performances during the Yo-Yo test increased from the morning to the evening (P < 0.0005 and P = 0.01, respectively) without significant time-of-day effects on peak heart rate and RPE. Moreover, pre- and post-Yo-Yo test biochemical parameters (high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, creatine-kinase) were higher at 17:00 h than 07:00 h (160.45 ± 18.68 vs. 173.73 ± 14.48 before and 191.18 ± 21.13 vs. 219.27 ± 27.74 IU · L(-1) after the Yo-Yo test at 07:00 h and 17:00 h, P = 0.032 and P < 0.0005, respectively for creatine-kinase). Only post-exercise lactate levels were higher in the evening (9.82 ± 0.65 vs. 10.86 ± 0.33 mmol · L(-1), P < 0.0005) with all biochemical variables being increased after the exercise (P < 0.0005). These findings suggest a possible link between the diurnal fluctuation of metabolic responses and the related pattern of specific-endurance performances in footballers. Therefore, the higher biochemical responses observed in the evening could explain, partially, the greater performance and metabolic solicitation at this time-of-day.
authors: Research Laboratory 'Sport Performance Optimisation', National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport, Sfax, Tunisia. omarham007@yahoo.fr
authors: Omar
authors: O
authors: Hammouda
authors: Hamdi
authors: H
authors: Chtourou
authors: Anis
authors: A
authors: Chaouachi
authors: Henda
authors: H
authors: Chahed
authors: Hlima
authors: H
authors: Bellimem
authors: Karim
authors: K
authors: Chamari
authors: Nizar
authors: N
authors: Souissi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001831:Body Temperature; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014416:Tunisia
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003402:Creatine Kinase