title: The associations between bullous pemphigoid and drug use: a UK case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore associations between bullous pemphigoid (BP) and previous drug use in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study comparing the drug history of consecutive patients with BP and control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care center for immunobullous diseases and skin tumor clinics at Oxford University Hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six consecutive BP patients and 134 consecutive controls from the same region and similar in age and sex who presented with other dermatological diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of BP in relation to each drug.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Loop diuretics were used significantly more frequently by the BP patients (crude odds ratio, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.2-5.0; P= .02]; adjusted odds ratio, 3.8 [1.5-9.7; P= .006]). No significant differences were found between groups for use of other diuretics, aspirin, antidepressants, antiepileptics, antihypertensives, or central nervous system agents (eg, antipsychotics). Patients with BP used calcium or vitamin D supplements, antibiotics, antihistamines, and prednisolone significantly more often on multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of our study demonstrate increased use of loop diuretics in patients with BP before the development of BP. The mechanism behind such an association clearly warrants further investigation.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, England. alloydlavery@gmail.com
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Lloyd-Lavery
authors: Ching-Chi
authors: CC
authors: Chi
authors: Fenella
authors: F
authors: Wojnarowska
authors: Kathy
authors: K
authors: Taghipour
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010391:Pemphigoid, Bullous / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors