title: The TIMP-1 expression in germinal centers of hypertrophied adenoids in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main aim of this study was to evaluate TIMP-1 expression in germinal centers of hypertrophied adenoids in children on the assumption that it can be treated as a marker of adenoidal tissue function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 54 children undergoing adenoidectomy; divided into three age groups: aged up to 5 years (8 children), 5-10 years (31 children) and over 10 years (15 children). The analyzed material was adenoids removed on the ground of hypertrophy, which caused obstructive symptoms and/or otitis media with effusion onset. Immunohistochemical analyses were carried out using monoclonal mouse antibody (Ab) (Novocastra) directed against human TIMP-1 protein. The presence of TIMP-1 positive lymphocytes within germinal centers and TIMP-1 immunostaining were scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunohistochemical staining showed the TIMP-1 positive lymphocytes mainly within the mantle zone. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean age of children for TIMP-1 immunoreaction levels. We have not found statistical correlation between the TIMP-1 staining and the clinical status of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is difficult to interpret our results. Our findings did not demonstrate changes in TIMP-1 expression according to age. This may indicate that the processes of hyperplasia, hypertrophy and atrophy of adenoid are not influenced by age and support our thesis that adenoid involution is rather the effect of changes in the number of lymphoid follicles that changes in them. However there is a need for further observational studies of TIMPs and MMPs in adenoid tissue.
authors: Department of Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-273 Białystok, Poland. marcin-musiatowicz@wp.pl
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Musiatowiwcz
authors: Mariusz
authors: M
authors: Koda
authors: Stanisław
authors: S
authors: Sulkowski
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D000234:Adenoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1