title: Metabolic syndrome and antipsychotic monotherapy treatment among schizophrenia patients in Malaysia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among schizophrenia patients receiving antipsychotic monotherapy in Malaysia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted at multiple centres between June 2008 and September 2011. Two hundred and five patients who fulfilled the DSM IV-TR diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and who had been on antipsychotic medication for at least one year, were screened for metabolic syndrome. Patients receiving a mood stabilizer were excluded from the study. Metabolic syndrome was defined by using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults Treatment Panel III (ATP III) modified for Asian waist circumference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) group, the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome was among patients treated with trifluoperazine and flupenthixol decanoate (66.7% each). For the second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) group, the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome was among patients treated with clozapine (66.7%). The component with the highest prevalence in metabolic syndrome was waist circumference in both FGA and SGA groups except for aripiprazole in SGA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients receiving antipsychotic monotherapy in Malaysia was very high. Intervention measures are urgently needed to combat these problems.
authors: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. mas_ayu@um.edu.my
authors: Mas Ayu
authors: MA
authors: Said
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hatim
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Habil
authors: Wan
authors: W
authors: Zafidah
authors: M Y
authors: MY
authors: Haslina
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Badiah
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Ramli
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ananjit
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Sapini
authors: Mohd
authors: M
authors: Shah
authors: Badli
authors: B
authors: Mahmud
authors: Awang
authors: A
authors: Bulgiba
authors: Noran N
authors: NN
authors: Hairi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005475:Flupenthixol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015363:Quinolones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014268:Trifluoperazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D014268:Trifluoperazine; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D005475:Flupenthixol; D003024:Clozapine
keywords: Antipsychotics; Metabolic syndrome; Monotherapy; Prevalence; Schizophrenia