title: Patent ductus arteriosus and indomethacin treatment as independent risk factors for plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) or indomethacin treatment are associated with plus disease or retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) requiring treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Charts were reviewed for gestational age, birth weight, birth head circumference, birth length, maternal characteristics, gender, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neurologic comorbidities, PDA and its treatments, gastrointestinal comorbidities, blood transfusions, and sepsis. Main outcome measures were increased rates of plus disease or ROP requiring treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 450 premature infants screened for ROP in a mid-sized, urban neonatal intensive care unit were included. On univariate analysis, gestational age, birth weight, birth head circumference, birth length, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neurologic comorbidities, PDA and its treatments, gastrointestinal comorbidities, and sepsis were significantly correlated to plus disease and ROP requiring treatment. PDA was significantly associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neurologic comorbidities, sepsis, and blood transfusions (P < .0001). With type 3 multivariate analysis, only gestational age and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were independent risk factors for ROP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDA and indomethacin were associated with plus disease and ROP requiring treatment on univariate analysis but this was not significant after adjusting for other risk factors. PDA was also strongly related to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and blood transfusions, which may explain its effect on ROP.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. itsui@jsei.ucla.edu
authors: Irena
authors: I
authors: Tsui
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Ebani
authors: Jamie B
authors: JB
authors: Rosenberg
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Lin
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Angert
authors: Umar
authors: U
authors: Mian
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000209:etiology*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007213:Indomethacin