title: Early malnutrition attenuates the impairing action of naloxone on spreading depression in young rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malnutrition early in life can disrupt neurotransmitter systems in the brain, affecting its electrophysiological function. The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone can affect the electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavior in animals and humans, and patients under drug-abuse treatment use it as a therapy. The goal of this work in the rat is to determine whether malnutrition early in life modulates the action of naloxone on the excitability-related phenomenon known as cortical spreading depression (CSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Malnutrition was induced by feeding the dams during the gestation and lactation with a low-protein diet (8% protein). Their male pups received a single daily subcutaneous injection of naloxone (10 mg/kg/day) from the 7th to the 28th postnatal day, and were subsequently (30-40 days of life) submitted to a 4-hours CSD recording session, with electrodes at two points at a fixed distance apart on the parietal cortical surface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to well-nourished rats receiving a 23% protein diet, malnourished animals displayed lower body weights and higher CSD velocities of propagation, confirming the facilitating effect of malnutrition on CSD. Naloxone treatment reduced in well-nourished rats the CSD propagation velocity, as compared to saline-injected controls. In contrast, the naloxone effect was less intense in the malnourished condition, and the CSD velocity difference between malnourished-naloxone and malnourished-saline groups did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data strongly support the involvement of opioid-based mechanisms in excitability-related neural processes, which probably influence CSD propagation, and indicate that early malnutrition attenuates the impairing action of naloxone on CSD.
authors: Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. rguedes@ufpe.br
authors: Rubem Carlos Araújo
authors: RC
authors: Guedes
authors: Ana Paula
authors: AP
authors: Rocha-de-Melo
authors: Kalina Rimena
authors: KR
authors: de Lima
authors: Juliana da Mota Silveira
authors: Jda M
authors: de Albuquerque
authors: Elian da Silva
authors: Eda S
authors: Francisco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D013181:Cortical Spreading Depression / Q000187:drug effects*; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004569:Electroencephalography; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone