title: New approach to the ecotoxicological risk assessment of artificial outdoor sporting grounds.
abstract: Artificial surfaces for outdoor sporting grounds may pose environmental and health hazards that are difficult to assess due to their complex chemical composition. Ecotoxicity tests can indicate general hazardous impacts. We conducted growth inhibition (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) and acute toxicity tests (Daphnia magna) with leachates obtained from batch tests of granular infill material and column tests of complete sporting ground assemblies. Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) leachate showed the highest effect on Daphnia magna (EC(50) < 0.4% leachate) and the leachate of scrap tires made of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) had the highest effect on P. subcapitata (EC(10) = 4.2% leachate; EC(50) = 15.6% leachate). We found no correlations between ecotoxicity potential of leachates and zinc and PAH concentrations. Leachates obtained from column tests revealed lower ecotoxicological potential. Leachates of column tests of complete assemblies may be used for a reliable risk assessment of artificial sporting grounds.
authors: BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 4.4 Thermochemical Residues Treatment and Resource Recovery, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany. oliver.krueger@bam.de
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Krüger
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Kalbe
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Richter
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Egeler
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Römbke
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Berger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002070:Butadienes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D003621:Daphnia; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D020724:Elastomers / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012408:Rubber / Q000633:toxicity*; D013343:Styrenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D020724:Elastomers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D013343:Styrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C065815:styrene-butadiene rubber; D012408:Rubber; D015032:Zinc