title: Effects of etching and adhesive applications on the bond strength between composite resin and glass-ionomer cements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study determined the effects of various surface treatment modalities on the bond strength of composite resins to glass-ionomer cements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional (Ketac Molar Quick Applicap) or resin-modified (Photac Fil Quick Aplicap) glass-ionomer cements were prepared. Two-step etch-rinse & bond adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2) or single-step self-etching adhesive (Adper Prompt L-Pop) was applied to the set cements. In the etch-rinse & bond group, the sample surfaces were pre-treated as follows: (1) no etching, (2) 15 s of etching with 35% phosphoric acid, (3) 30 s of etching, and (4) 60 s of etching. Following the placement of the composite resin (Filtek Z250), the bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine and the data obtained were analyzed with the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey's HSD post hoc analysis (p=0.05). Then, the fractured surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bond strength of the composite resin to the conventional glass-ionomer cement was significantly lower than that to the resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (p<0.001). No significant differences were determined between the self-etching and etch-rinse & bond adhesives at any etching time (p>0.05). However, a greater bond strength was obtained with 30 s of phosphoric acid application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The resin-modified glass-ionomer cement improved the bond strength of the composite resin to the glass-ionomer cement. Both etch-rinse & bond and self-etching adhesives may be used effectively in the lamination of glass-ionomer cements. However, an etching time of at least 30 s appears to be optimal.
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. tijenpamir@gmail.com
authors: Tijen
authors: T
authors: Pamir
authors: Bilge Hakan
authors: BH
authors: Sen
authors: Ozgür
authors: O
authors: Evcin
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010756:Phosphoric Acids