title: Human milk glycosaminoglycans: the state of the art and future perspectives.
abstract: Recently, a complete characterization and detailed evaluation of the glycosaminoglycans of human milk were performed. The total glycosaminoglycans content in milk from healthy mothers having delivered term or preterm newborns showed a constant pattern which was essentially composed of two main polysaccharides: chondroitin sulfate (60-70%) and heparin (30-40%). Moreover, considerable variations of glycosaminoglycans concentration were found during the first month of lactation, the highest values being present in colostrum compared to mature milk. Metabolism and potential biological functions of human milk glycosaminoglycans are hypothesized and future studies are encouraged.
authors: Pediatric Division, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Presidio Salesi, Via Toti 4, Ancona, 60121, Italy. g.v.coppa@univpm.it
authors: Giovanni Valentino
authors: GV
authors: Coppa
authors: Orazio
authors: O
authors: Gabrielli
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Bertino
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Zampini
authors: Tiziana
authors: T
authors: Galeazzi
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Padella
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Santoro
authors: Rita Lucia
authors: RL
authors: Marchesiello
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Galeotti
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Maccari
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Volpi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006493:Heparin; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates