title: Prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease among HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients in mainland China: a multicenter cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients in Mainland China.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicenter cross-sectional study, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. CKD was defined as GFRMDRD  < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) and/or isolated proteinuria (≥1 + on urine dipstick) that persisted at month 3 after the baseline assessment. Risk factors associated with CKD were examined using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 538 HIV-infected ART-naïve patients were included in this study. There were 399 male and 139 female patients. The mean age was 36.5 ± 10.0 years. The prevalence of hypertension, glycometabolism abnormities, and CKD were 3.2%, 3.0%, and 16.1%, respectively. Thirteen (2.4%) patients had estimated GFR (eGFR) < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), while 73 (13.7%) patients had proteinuria. Using univariate analysis, CKD was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with age, hypertension, HCV co-infection, and plasma HIV-1 viral load ≥ 100 000 copies/mL. In the multivariate logistic regression model, older age (increased by an interval of 10 years; P = 0.002), HCV co-infection (P = 0.039), and plasma HIV-1 viral load ≥ 100 000 copies/mL (P = 0.011) were significantly associated with CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of CKD is high in Chinese HIV-infected ART-naïve patients. Traditional risk factors for renal disease, such as advancing age, HCV co-infection, and higher plasma viral load were correlated with CKD in the present patient samples.
authors: Department of Infectious Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Cao
authors: Mengchun
authors: M
authors: Gong
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Han
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Xie
authors: Xuemei
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Lixia
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Yanling
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Xiaojing
authors: X
authors: Song
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Zhu
authors: Taisheng
authors: T
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011934:Reagent Strips; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D011934:Reagent Strips