title: Endophytic fungi from Vitis  labrusca L.  ('Niagara Rosada') and its potential for the  biological control of Fusarium oxysporum.
abstract: We investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi found on grape (Vitis labrusca cv. Niagara Rosada) leaves collected from Salesópolis, SP, Brazil. The fungi were isolated and characterized by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, followed by sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA. In addition, the ability of these endophytic fungi to inhibit the grapevine pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp herbemontis was determined in vitro. We also observed that the climatic factors, such as temperature and rainfall, have no effect on the frequency of infection by endophytic fungi. The endophytic fungal community that was identified included Aporospora terricola, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bjerkandera adusta, Colletotrichum boninense, C. gloeosporioides, Diaporthe helianthi, D. phaseolorum, Epicoccum nigrum, Flavodon flavus, Fusarium subglutinans, F. sacchari, Guignardia mangiferae, Lenzites elegans, Paraphaeosphaeria pilleata, Phanerochaete sordida, Phyllosticta sp, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Preussia africana, Tinctoporellus epiniltinus, and Xylaria berteri. Among these isolates, two, C. gloeosporioides and F. flavus, showed potential antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp herbemontis. We suggest the involvement of the fungal endophyte community of V. labrusca in protecting the host plant against pathogenic Fusarium species. Possibly, some endophytic isolates could be selected for the development of biological control agents for grape fungal disease; alternatively, management strategies could be tailored to increase these beneficial fungi.
authors: Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Ecologia Microbiana, Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brasil.
authors: M C P
authors: MC
authors: Brum
authors: W L
authors: WL
authors: Araújo
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Maki
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Azevedo
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000235:genetics*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000235:genetics*; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D060026:Endophytes / Q000235:genetics*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000502:physiology*; D006239:Haplotypes; D058889:Molecular Typing; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology*; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012331:RNA, Fungal; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal