title: SLIT2 inhibits cell migration in colorectal cancer through the AKT-GSK3β signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy and one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Similar to other human cancers, tumor metastasis is the biggest obstacle in the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. In this study, we explored the functional role of SLIT2 in colon tumor metastasis and the relevant molecular mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to measure SLIT2 expression in colorectal tumor tissues in the presence or absence of metastasis. Wound-healing assays, Transwell assays, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays were used to examine the effects of SLIT2 on SW480 and NCM460 cell migration and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). An AKT inhibitor was introduced to examine the mechanism underlying SLIT2-mediated suppression of NCM460 cell migration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher SLIT2 expression was detected in metastasis-positive tumor tissues, and this upregulation was beneficial for the overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Either the addition of purified SLIT2 or overexpression of SLIT2 inhibited SW480 cell migration, whereas the depletion of SLIT2 with shRNA enhanced the migratory ability of NCM460 cells. Meanwhile, SLIT2 depletion also induced β-catenin accumulation and altered the expression levels of several molecules related to EMT in NCM460 cells. AKT inhibition abrogated the effects of SLIT2 depletion on EMT and migration in NCM460 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLIT2 suppresses colon tumor metastasis, and it exerts its suppressive activity against colorectal cancer metastasis by restraining AKT signaling and EMT, thus making it a potential clinical prognosis marker in colorectal cancer.
authors: Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 FengLin Road, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Wei-Feng
authors: WF
authors: Chen
authors: Wei-Dong
authors: WD
authors: Gao
authors: Quan-Lin
authors: QL
authors: Li
authors: Ping-Hong
authors: PH
authors: Zhou
authors: Mei-Dong
authors: MD
authors: Xu
authors: Li-Qing
authors: LQ
authors: Yao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D005260:Female; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism; D000097905:Roundabout Proteins; D000098552:Slit Homolog 2 Protein
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051176:beta Catenin; D000097905:Roundabout Proteins; D000098552:Slit Homolog 2 Protein; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human