title: Update on use of enhanced imaging to optimize lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for urothelial cancer of the bladder.
abstract: The most commonly used imaging modalities for diagnostic investigation of bladder carcinoma are contrast-enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. More recently, radioisotope and fluorescence staining are being used before, or even during, open or laparoscopic surgery. We report recent results obtained with these imaging modalities and their limitations.
authors: Department of Urology and Andrology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria. l_lusuardi@hotmail.com
authors: Lukas
authors: L
authors: Lusuardi
authors: Günter
authors: G
authors: Janetschek
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D061305:Lymphoscintigraphy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D010388:Pelvis; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery