title: Diagnostic and therapeutic progress of multi-drug resistance with anti-HBV nucleos(t)ide analogues.
abstract: Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) are a breakthrough in the treatment and management of chronic hepatitis B. NA could suppress the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and control the progression of the disease. However, drug resistance caused by their long-term use becomes a practical problem, which influences the long-term outcomes in patients. Liver transplantation is the only choice for patients with HBV-related end-stage liver disease. But, the recurrence of HBV after transplantation often caused by the development of drug resistance leads to unfavorable outcomes for the recipients. Recently, the multi-drug resistance (MDR) has become a common issue raised due to the development and clinical application of a variety of NA. This may complicate the antiviral therapy and bring poorly prognostic outcomes. Although clinical evidence has suggested that combination therapy with different NA could effectively reduce the viral load in patients with MDR, the advent of new antiviral agents with high potency and high genetic barrier to resistance brings hope to antiviral therapy. The future of HBV researches relies on how to prevent the MDR occurrence and develop reasonable and effective treatment strategies. This review focuses on the diagnostic and therapeutic progress in MDR caused by the anti-HBV NA and describes some new research progress in this field.
authors: Organ Transplant Center, The First Center Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China.
authors: Zhuo-Lun
authors: ZL
authors: Song
authors: Yu-Jun
authors: YJ
authors: Cui
authors: Wei-Ping
authors: WP
authors: Zheng
authors: Da-Hong
authors: DH
authors: Teng
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000276:immunology*; D006147:Guanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D009154:Mutation; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D000068698:Tenofovir; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D009705:Nucleosides; D009711:Nucleotides; D063065:Organophosphonates; D019259:Lamivudine; C413685:entecavir; D006147:Guanine; C053001:adefovir; D007372:Interferons; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine
keywords: Gene mutation; Hepatitis B virus; Liver transplantation; Multi-drug resistance; Nucleos(t)ide analogues