title: To enhance the efficiency of nefopam transdermal iontophoresis by using a novel method based on ion-exchange fiber.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the system of the iontophoresis, the external electric field made the ions in the system moving directly, then, the current was generated. Because the current was contributed by all ions in the system, and the small ions with large amount often had higher conductibility than the drug ions, the fraction of the total current contributed by the drug ions was often low. It was the main reason for the generally low efficiency of the transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to find a novel method to increase the fraction of the total current contributed by the drug ions so as to enhance the drug's iontophoretic delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Iontophoretic transport of nefopam hydrochloride solution and iontophoretic transport of nefopam assisted by ion-exchange materials, including ion-exchange resin, ion-exchange membrane and ion-exchange fiber, across the rat skin were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both in vitro and in vivo iontophoretic transport experiments showed that the efficiency of the nefopam-fiber iontophoretic system for nefopam permeating across rat skin was the highest among four iontophoretic systems (nefopam solution, nefopam-resin, nefopam-membrane and nefopam-fiber).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggested that there was an enhancement of nefopam across rat skin by ion-exchange fibers in ion-exchange fibers assisted iontophoresis. The present study has demonstrated the potential of a new approach of using ion-exchange fibers to improve the efficiency of the transdermal iontophoresis for cationizable drugs.
authors: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China.
authors: Che
authors: C
authors: Xin
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Lihong
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Fei
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Yan
authors: Wang
authors: W
authors: Qifang
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Yue
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: San-ming
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D007474:Ion Exchange; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009340:Nefopam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D009340:Nefopam