title: MCM2 expression levels predict diagnosis and prognosis in gastric cardiac cancer.
abstract: Gastric Cardiac Cancer (GCC) has high incidence and poor prognosis requiring early screening of high-risk populations. Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are used as diagnostic-biomarkers in many cancers but not validated for GCC. We evaluate MCM protein 2 (MCM2), comparing it with the validated markers Ki67 and PCNA.
  
  
  
  GCC and corresponding cardiac precancerous samples were immunostained with Ki67, MCM2 and PCNA antibodies.
  
  
  
  90% of dysplasia samples expressed MCM2, whereas Ki67 and PCNA were expressed in 67% and 80% respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive values of MCM2 were also superior at 90% and 87%, respectively. Ki67 and PCNA expression was correlated with MCM2, but their expressions seldom reached surface layers, whereas MCM2 manifested mostly in easily accessible superficial layers. Labeling indices (LI) of Ki67 and PCNA were also lower. Significant associations between LI (MCM2), LI (PCNA), and TNM-stages, lymph node metastases and GCC grade were found (P<0.05). Increased protein expressions were associated with reduced overall and disease-free survival (P<0.05). Although Ki67 and PCNA were significant prognostic factors, there was no significant improvement in multivariate statistical analyses, in contrast to LI (MCM2) findings.
  
  
  
  MCM2 is a sensitive, specific and efficient biomarker of GCC having potential use in clinic.
authors: Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Liu
authors: Jin-Song
authors: JS
authors: Li
authors: Dong-Ping
authors: DP
authors: Tian
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Huang
authors: Seema
authors: S
authors: Rosqvist
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Su
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002299:Cardia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064111:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; C084859:MCM2 protein, human; D064111:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2