title: Lower physical activity is a risk factor for a clustering of metabolic risk factors in non-obese and obese Japanese subjects: the Takahata study.
abstract: In several countries including Japan, people without obesity but with a clustering of metabolic risk factors (MetRFs) were not considered to have the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Here, we examined whether lifestyle characteristics differed between non-obese and obese subjects with or without a clustering of MetRFs. From a population-based cross-sectional study of Japanese subjects aged ≥ 40 years, 1,601 subjects (age: 61.9 ± 10.3 years; 710/891 men/women) were recruited. Physical activity status and daily nutritional intake were estimated using questionnaires. A clustering of MetRFs was defined based on the presence of at least two non-essential risk factors for the diagnosis of the MetS in Japan. Energy intake was not higher in subjects with a clustering of MetRFs compared with those without. Among men, energy expenditure at work was significantly lower in non-obese (9.0 ± 8.2 vs. 11.3 ± 9.3 metabolic equivalents (METs), P = 0.025) and obese (9.0 ± 7.9 vs. 11.6 ± 9.4 METs, P = 0.017) subjects with a clustering of MetRFs than in those without. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that energy expenditure at work was significantly associated with a clustering of MetRFs after adjusting for possible confounding factors including total energy intake. The ORs (per 1 METs) were 0.970 (95% CI, 0.944-0.997; P = 0.032) in non-obese men and 0.962 (0.926- 0.999; P = 0.043) in obese men. Similar associations were not observed in women. In Japanese males, lower physical activity, but not excessive energy intake, is a risk factor for a clustering of MetRFs independent of their obesity status.
authors: The Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors: Wataru
authors: W
authors: Kaino
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Daimon
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Sasaki
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Karasawa
authors: Kaoru
authors: K
authors: Takase
authors: Kyouko
authors: K
authors: Tada
authors: Kiriko
authors: K
authors: Wada
authors: Wataru
authors: W
authors: Kameda
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Susa
authors: Toshihide
authors: T
authors: Oizumi
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Fukao
authors: Isao
authors: I
authors: Kubota
authors: Takamasa
authors: T
authors: Kayama
authors: Takeo
authors: T
authors: Kato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D012737:Sex Factors