title: Macrophages, inflammation, and tumor suppressors: ARF, a new player in the game.
abstract: The interaction between tumor progression and innate immune system has been well established in the last years. Indeed, several lines of clinical evidence indicate that immune cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) interact with tumor cells, favoring growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of a variety of cancers. In most tumors, TAMs show properties of an alternative polarization phenotype (M2) characterized by the expression of a series of chemokines, cytokines, and proteases that promote immunosuppression, tumor proliferation, and spreading of the cancer cells. Tumor suppressor genes have been traditionally linked to the regulation of cancer progression; however, a growing body of evidence indicates that these genes also play essential roles in the regulation of innate immunity pathways through molecular mechanisms that are still poorly understood. In this paper, we provide an overview of the immunobiology of TAMs as well as what is known about tumor suppressors in the context of immune responses. Recent advances regarding the role of the tumor suppressor ARF as a regulator of inflammation and macrophage polarization are also reviewed.
authors: Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
authors: Paqui G
authors: PG
authors: Través
authors: Alfonso
authors: A
authors: Luque
authors: Sonsoles
authors: S
authors: Hortelano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000502:physiology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C417743:Cdkn2a protein, mouse; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins