title: Translational research in nicotine dependence.
abstract: Nicotine addiction accounts for 4.9 million deaths each year. Furthermore, although smoking represents a significant health burden in the United States, at present there are only three FDA-approved pharmacotherapies currently on the market: (1) nicotine replacement therapy, (2) bupropion, and (3) varenicline. Despite this obvious gap in the market, the complexity of nicotine addiction in addition to the increasing cost of drug development makes targeted drug development prohibitive. Furthermore, using combinations of mouse and human studies, additional treatments could be developed from off-the-shelf, currently approved medication lists. This article reviews translational studies targeting manipulations of the cholinergic system as a viable therapeutic target for nicotine addiction.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors: Jill R
authors: JR
authors: Turner
authors: Allison
authors: A
authors: Gold
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Schnoll
authors: Julie A
authors: JA
authors: Blendy
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism; D012377:Rodentia; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control*; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D009538:Nicotine; D000109:Acetylcholine