title: Cellobiose dehydrogenase modified electrodes: advances by materials science and biochemical engineering.
abstract: The flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a versatile biorecognition element capable of detecting carbohydrates as well as quinones and catecholamines. In addition, it can be used as an anode biocatalyst for enzymatic biofuel cells to power miniaturised sensor-transmitter systems. Various electrode materials and designs have been tested in the past decade to utilize and enhance the direct electron transfer (DET) from the enzyme to the electrode. Additionally, mediated electron transfer (MET) approaches via soluble redox mediators and redox polymers have been pursued. Biosensors for cellobiose, lactose and glucose determination are based on CDH from different fungal producers, which show differences with respect to substrate specificity, pH optima, DET efficiency and surface binding affinity. Biosensors for the detection of quinones and catecholamines can use carbohydrates for analyte regeneration and signal amplification. This review discusses different approaches to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of CDH-based biosensors, which focus on (1) more efficient DET on chemically modified or nanostructured electrodes, (2) the synthesis of custom-made redox polymers for higher MET currents and (3) the engineering of enzymes and reaction pathways. Combination of these strategies will enable the design of sensitive and selective CDH-based biosensors with reduced electrode size for the detection of analytes in continuous on-site and point-of-care applications.
authors: Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Ludwig
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Ortiz
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Schulz
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Harreither
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Sygmund
authors: Lo
authors: L
authors: Gorton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases; C019859:cellobiose-quinone oxidoreductase