title: Effects of estrogen with micronized progesterone on cortical and trabecular bone mass and microstructure in recently postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In women, cortical bone mass decreases significantly at menopause. By contrast, loss of trabecular bone begins in the third decade and accelerates after menopause.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of estrogen on cortical and trabecular bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of menopausal hormone treatment (MHT) in women, enrolled within 6-36 months of their final menstrual period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were treated with placebo (n = 31), or .45 mg/d conjugated equine estrogens (n = 20), or transdermal 50 μg/d 17β-estradiol (n = 25) with pulsed micronized progesterone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cortical and trabecular microarchitecture at the distal radius was assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the distal radius, cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) decreased, and cortical porosity increased in the placebo group; MHT prevented these changes. By contrast, MHT did not prevent decreases in trabecular microarchitecture at the radius. However, MHT prevented decreases in trabecular vBMD at the thoracic spine (assessed in a subset of subjects; n = 51). These results indicate that MHT prevents deterioration in radial cortical vBMD and porosity in recently menopausal women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The maintenance of cortical bone in response to estrogen likely has important clinical implications because cortical bone morphology plays an important role in bone strength. However, effects of MHT on trabecular bone at the radius differ from those at the thoracic spine. Underlying mechanisms for these site-specific effects of MHT on cortical vs trabecular bone require further investigation.
authors: Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors: Joshua N
authors: JN
authors: Farr
authors: Sundeep
authors: S
authors: Khosla
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Miyabara
authors: Virginia M
authors: VM
authors: Miller
authors: Ann E
authors: AE
authors: Kearns
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011859:Radiography; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol