title: Review of the status of physical activity research for individuals with traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current status of physical activity research for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by using the behavioral epidemiologic framework to categorize the research into 5 unique phases.
  
  
  METHODS
  All articles were published from 2000 to 2012 and retrieved through the electronic databases EBSCOHOST, PubMed, and Google Scholar using keywords "exercise," "physical activity," "health promotion," and "traumatic brain injury."
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies selected for review were peer reviewed and included physical activity research for individuals with TBI. Of the initial 79 articles retrieved, 63 met the criteria for this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the appropriate phase for each study, researchers determined the main themes of the study and then categorized them into 1 of the 5 phases. Reliability between coders was established at 94%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 63 articles, 44% were categorized as phase 1 (establishing connections between behavior and health), 23% as phase 2 (developing methods for measuring behaviors), 22% as phase 3 (examining factors that influence behavior), 6% as phase 4 (evaluation of behavior change interventions), and 5% as phase 5 (dissemination of health promotion programs).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The emphasis on phase 1 shows that the field is still in the early stages of maturation, and future research should focus on expansion of research into the higher phases.
authors: College of Public Health and Human Sciences, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. pawlowsj@onid.orst.edu
authors: Jill
authors: J
authors: Pawlowski
authors: Alicia
authors: A
authors: Dixon-Ibarra
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Driver
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity