title: Evidence for masculinization of adipokine gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sex hormones, particularly androgens, may influence not only adipose tissue distribution but also its functions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We explored the possibility of sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle function.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The setting was an academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were severely obese men (n = 7), control women (n = 7), and hyperandrogenic women presenting with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (n = 7) submitting to bariatric surgery and an independent series of 40 patients with PCOS and 40 control women matched for age and body mass index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle were obtained during bariatric surgery in severely obese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression of chemerin, lipocalin-2, and omentin-1 in tissue samples was measured. We analyzed the effects of PCOS and obesity on serum concentrations of these adipokines in the larger series of women with PCOS and in control women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of chemerin and lipocalin-2 was higher in VAT than in SAT in men and women with PCOS; the opposite was observed in control women. Omentin-1 expression was higher in VAT than in SAT in the three groups. No differences were observed in the skeletal muscle expression of these adipokines. Obesity increased serum chemerin and lipocalin-2 levels and tended to decrease omentin-1, irrespective of PCOS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that there is sexual dimorphism in some adipose tissue functions and that this dimorphism may be related to differences in androgen concentrations because women with PCOS show a masculinized pattern of expression of some adipokines.
authors: Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Universidad de Alcala, Madrid, Spain.
authors: M Ángeles
authors: MÁ
authors: Martínez-García
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Montes-Nieto
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Fernández-Durán
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Insenser
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Luque-Ramírez
authors: Héctor F
authors: HF
authors: Escobar-Morreale
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D037102:Lectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D014770:Virilism / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C432397:ITLN1 protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D037102:Lectins; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C478630:RARRES2 protein, human