title: Aneurysm embolization with biologically active coils: an animal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cellular adhesion on the surface of Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC) promotes accelerated occlusion of aneurysms. We hypothesized that coils coated with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) will promote clot organization  and endothelial or cellular proliferation to facilitate closure of large experimental aneurysms relative to uncoated GDC coils.
  
  
  METHODS
  GDC were inserted either uncoated, coated with albumin, coated with TGF-beta (500 μg/ml) or with VEGF (500 μg/ml) into the ligated common  carotid artery of adult male wistar rats for 14 days. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (280-300 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group). Subjects were killed 2 weeks after implantation and common carotid artery (CCA) segments were harvested and coils were  removed. Arterial tissue was evaluated histopathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in the proportion of aneurysm luminal area (mm(2)) was shown among Group i (0·22±0·14 SD) and Group ii (0·16±0·8 SD) compared to Group iii  (0·04±0·03 SD; P<0·05), and Group iv (0·02±0·02 SD; P<0·05) analyzed 2 weeks postoperatively. Light microscopy showed well organized fibrous tissue formation of epithelial cells and intimal hyperplasia around the coils  when using the coated GDC's (Group iii and Group iv).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result of this study suggests that the coated GDC with TGF-beta or VEGF appears beneficial in promoting endothelization, clot organization, and cellular tissue integration of the coils.
authors: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. agrawals@unmc.edu
authors: Sandeep K
authors: SK
authors: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000473:pathology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A