title: Are we running out of thoracic or cardiac surgeons? Demography of thoracic and cardiac surgeons in France in 2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to accurately evaluate the inflow and outflow of thoracic and cardiac surgeons in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  The French Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (SFCTCV) built a database of the surgeons involved in thoracic and/or cardiac surgery in France. It included all surgeons who perform cardiac or thoracic surgery regardless of the number of operations performed per year, whether or not they are members of the SFCTCV and all trainees once they have expressed an interest in thoracic and/or cardiac surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The database included 552 senior surgeons (professors, attending surgeons in public practice and attending surgeons in private practice) practicing cardiac and/or thoracic surgery. Of these, 206 practiced cardiac, 278 thoracic and 68 both. The 'inflow' includes 128 residents and 83 senior residents. Global analysis of age distribution showed a mean predictable outflow of 17.6 senior surgeons per year between 2013 and 2022. The 'inflow' of finishing senior residents for the next 5 years was 18 per year. The number of residents was 25 per year of residency. Cardiac surgeon 'outflow' was 7.7 per year and the inflow of finishing senior residents 10-11 per year. The difficult period will be 2015-19 with an excess of 5 finishing senior residents per year. Thoracic surgeon 'outflow' was 11.7 and inflow 10 per year. Gender distribution indicated an increasing feminization. The female proportion was 5, 23 and 31% among senior surgeons, senior residents and residents, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  France will not run out of cardiothoracic surgeons. The inflow compensates for the outflow of surgeons liable to stop their activity in the next 10 years.
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France. marc.laskar@unilim.fr
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Laskar
authors: Anne Marie
authors: AM
authors: Spinosi
authors: Yamina
authors: Y
authors: Bendjebla
authors: Jeanne
authors: J
authors: Moreau
authors: Marcel
authors: M
authors: Dahan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002309:Cardiology; D002321:Career Choice; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006280:Health Workforce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012179:Retirement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D013903:Thoracic Surgery / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors