title: Impact of six transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis rice lines on four nontarget thrips species attacking rice panicles in the paddy field.
abstract: As a key component of ecological risk assessments, nontarget effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice have been tested under laboratory and field conditions for various organisms. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted to observe the nontarget effects of six transgenic  rice lines (expressing the Cry1Ab or fused protein of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac) on four nontarget thrips species including Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), F. tenuicornis (Uzel), Haplothrips aculeatus (F.), and H. tritici (Kurd), as compared with their rice parental control  lines. Two sampling methods including the beat plate and plastic bag method were used to monitor the population densities of the four thrips species for 2 yr. The results showed that the seasonal average densities of four tested thrips species in Bt rice plots were significantly lower  than or very similar to those in the non-Bt rice plots depending on rice genotypes, sampling methods, and years. Among all six tested Bt rice lines, transgenic B1 and KMD2 lines suppressed the population of these tested thrips species the most. Our results indicate that the tested  Bt rice lines are unlikely to result in high population pressure of thrips species in comparison with non-Bt rice. In some cases, Bt rice lines could significantly suppress thrips populations in the rice ecosystem. In addition, compatibility of Bt rice, with rice  host plant resistance to nontarget sucking pests is also discussed within an overall integrated pest management program for rice.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors: Z R
authors: ZR
authors: Akhtar
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Tian
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Fang
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Hu
authors: Y F
authors: YF
authors: Peng
authors: G Y
authors: GY
authors: Ye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics; D060434:Herbivory; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011156:Population Density; D012621:Seasons; D061149:Thysanoptera
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis