title: Effectiveness of three antimicrobial mouthrinses on the disinfection of toothbrushes stored in closed containers: a randomized clinical investigation by DNA Checkerboard and Culture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the efficacy of three antimicrobial solutions on the disinfection of toothbrushes after storage in closed containers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy subjects were enrolled in this randomized cross-over clinical investigation. The study was conducted in four phases, in which mouthrinses (chlorhexidine gluconate-based or cetilpiridinium-based) and sterile tap water (control group) were used to individually store used toothbrushes in closed containers during 7 days of toothbrushing. Five toothbrushes were used as negative control for bacterial colonisation before contact with oral cavity. Conventional culture and DNA Checkerboard hybridization were used to detect bacterial contamination on the toothbrushes. Subsequently, the number of bacterial species on the bristles was estimated by the DNA Checkerboard method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One toothbrush presented bacterial contamination in the negative control test. Both culture and DNA Checkerboard showed positive signals of bacterial contamination in the toothbrushes with no differences in the frequency of detection. The control group showed higher total bacterial counts when compared with the mouthrinse groups. Porphyromonas gingivalis had the highest bacterial count followed by Parvimonas micra.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culture and DNA Checkerboard showed positive signals of bacterial contamination. Mouthrinses that contains 0.12% of chlorhexidine gluconate were more effective in reducing bacterial colonisation on the toothbrushes.
authors: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: Cássio
authors: C
authors: do Nascimento
authors: Maíra Balero
authors: MB
authors: Sorgini
authors: Murillo Sucena
authors: MS
authors: Pita
authors: Flávio Henrique Carriço Nogueira
authors: FH
authors: Fernandes
authors: Paulo Linares
authors: PL
authors: Calefi
authors: Evandro
authors: E
authors: Watanabe
authors: Vinícius
authors: V
authors: Pedrazzi
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D019551:Dental Disinfectants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005673:Fusobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010462:Peptostreptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011897:Random Allocation; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D019551:Dental Disinfectants; D009067:Mouthwashes; D002594:Cetylpyridinium; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: bacteria; clinical trial; oral microbiology; toothbrush