title: Effects of consumption of sucromalt, a slowly digestible carbohydrate, on mental and physical energy questionnaire responses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether consumption of the low-glycemic index (GI) carbohydrate sucromalt improves healthy adults' perceptions of mental and physical energy and fatigue compared to dextrose (glucose), a high GI control.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind, randomized, cross-over study, subjects (n = 44 healthy adults) consumed a standardized dinner, and following an overnight fast, ingested 75 g of either sucromalt or glucose in solution at 7:30 AM the next day. Subjects completed validated questionnaires that assessed mental and physical energy, and fatigue, hunger, and sleepiness at baseline and hourly until 12:30 PM for a total of five post-consumption time points. Within-subject differences adjusted for baseline for individual questions and composite scores (Mental Energy State, Mental Fatigue State, Physical Energy State, and Physical Fatigue State) were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mental Energy State, Physical Energy State, and Physical Fatigue State results favored sucromalt compared to glucose, with significant differences emerging particularly after 4-5 hours (P < 0.050). A trend toward a delay in Mental Fatigue State was also observed with sucromalt compared to glucose (P < 0.100). Minimal differences in ratings of hunger and sleepiness were observed between the beverages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sucromalt may help attenuate the perceived decline in mental and physical energy and rise in mental and physical fatigue that can occur 4-5 hours after ingestion of a high GI beverage. Trials examining effects of sucromalt on cognitive and physical performance are of future interest.
authors: Nutrition, Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Food Ingredients and Systems North America, Cargill, Incorporated, Wayzata, MN 55391, USA. kristen_dammann@cargill.com
authors: Kristen W
authors: KW
authors: Dammann
authors: Margie
authors: M
authors: Bell
authors: Mitch
authors: M
authors: Kanter
authors: Alvin
authors: A
authors: Berger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004063:Digestion; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005221:Fatigue / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000187:drug effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D005222:Mental Fatigue / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004187:Disaccharides; D007328:Insulin; C524563:sucromalt; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose