title: Development and evaluation of a teaching and learning approach in cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination in university nursing students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination are vital to ethical effective health systems. Nurses require quality educational preparation in cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination. Limited evidence-based research is available to guide teachers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop, implement and evaluate an evidence-based teaching and learning approach in cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination for undergraduate nursing students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quantitative design using pre- and post-survey measures was used to evaluate the teaching and learning approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Bachelor of Nursing program in an Australian university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academics and second year undergraduate nursing students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review and consultation with academics informed the development of the teaching and learning approach. Thirty-three students completed a survey at pre-measures and following participation in the teaching and learning approach at post-measures about their confidence to practice cross-cultural nursing (Transcultural Self-efficacy Tool) and about their discriminatory attitudes (Quick Discrimination Index).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature review found that educational approaches that solely focus on culture might not be sufficient in addressing discrimination and racism. During consultation, academics emphasised the importance of situating cross-cultural nursing and antidiscrimination as social determinants of health. Therefore, cross-cultural nursing was contextualised within primary health care and emphasised care for culturally diverse communities. Survey findings supported the effectiveness of this strategy in promoting students' confidence regarding knowledge about cross-cultural nursing. There was no reported change in discriminatory attitudes. The teaching and learning approach was modified to include stronger experiential learning and role playing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing education should emphasise cross-cultural nursing and antidiscrimination. The study describes an evaluated teaching and learning approach and demonstrates how evaluation research can be used to develop cross-cultural nursing education interventions.
authors: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125 Australia. Electronic address: jacqui.allen@deakin.edu.au.
authors: Jacqui
authors: J
authors: Allen
authors: Lucinda
authors: L
authors: Brown
authors: Carmel
authors: C
authors: Duff
authors: Pat
authors: P
authors: Nesbitt
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Hepner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D065246:Culturally Competent Care; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011287:Prejudice; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016746:Transcultural Nursing / Q000193:education*; D014495:Universities
keywords: Cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination; Evaluation; Teaching and learning; University nursing education