title: The effects of adding epinephrine or xylazine to lidocaine solution for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in fat-tailed sheep.
abstract: This blinded, randomised experimental study was designed to compare the analgesic effects  of lumbosacral epidural administration of lidocaine-epinephrine or lidocaine-xylazine  combinations in fat-tailed sheep. Nine healthy fat-tailed male lambs (mean ± s.d. age,  4.6 ± 0.4 months; weight, 24.6 kg ± 2.5 kg) were randomly allocated into four groups of six  sheep: lidocaine 2% (LID), lidocaine-epinephrine 5 µg/mL (LIDEP), lidocaine-xylazine  0.05 mg/kg (LIDXY) or bupivacaine 0.5% (BUP). The onset and duration of flank, perineum  and hindlimb anaesthesia and the onset and duration of hindlimb paralysis were recorded.  Epidural administration of LID, LIDEP, LIDXY or BUP produced anaesthesia within  6.6 min, 7.6 min, 3.4 min and 8.4 min, respectively. The mean onset of anaesthesia in the  LIDXY group was significantly shorter compared with the BUP group (p = 0.02). The mean  duration of anaesthesia was 107.9 min, 190.4 min, 147.6 min and 169.7 min for LID, LIDEP,  LIDXY and BUP, respectively. The onset of hindlimb paralysis was faster in the LIDXY group  than in the BUP group; however, the duration of hindlimb paralysis was shorter in LIDXY  compared with LIDEP. Epidural administration of LIDEP or LIDXY provides a comparable  duration of local anaesthesia without any adverse effects in fat-tailed sheep. Epidural LIDXY  did not appear to be advantageous over epidural LIDEP.
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Shiraz University, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Rostami
authors: Nasser
authors: N
authors: Vesal
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000662:veterinary; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D014991:Xylazine; D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine