title: Bone morphogenetic protein‑2 enhances the expression of cardiac transcription             factors by increasing histone H3 acetylation in H9c2 cells.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‑2 induces the expression of cardiac transcription             factors during early heart development, however, the underlying mechanisms for             this are not clear. Our previous studies indicated that histone acetylation is             critical in the regulation of cardiac gene expression. In the present study, the             hypothesis that BMP2 enhances the expression of cardiac transcription factors             by increasing histone H3 acetylation was tested. Cultured H9c2 rat embryonic cardiac             myocytes were transfected with adenoviruses expressing human BMP2 (AdBMP2). Real‑time             RT‑PCR, western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and colorimetric             assays were employed to determine gene expression, histone H3 acetylation levels             and histone acetylase (HAT) activities. The mRNA expression levels of BMP2, GATA4,             MEF2C and p300, but not of Tbx5 and GCN5, were significantly upregulated following             transfection with AdBMP2. Similarly, the histone H3 acetylation levels were enhanced             in the whole chromatin and in the promoter regions of GATA4 and MEF2C, but not             Tbx5, in the transfected cells. The HAT activities were also enhanced. These results             indicate that BMP2 is able to upregulate the expression of the cardiac transcription             factors GATA4 and MEF2C, in part by increasing histone H3 acetylation in the promoter             regions of these genes.
authors: Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yu Zhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China.
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Zheng
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhu
authors: Tiewei
authors: T
authors: Lv
authors: Lingjuan
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: Huichao
authors: H
authors: Sun
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Tian
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; C084365:Gata4 protein, rat; D006657:Histones; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; C578042:MEF2C protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C103172:T-box transcription factor 5; D014157:Transcription Factors