title: Dosimetric comparison between bone marrow sparing intensity-modulated radiation therapy and conventional techniques in the treatment of cervical cancer: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate enlargement of prostate volume by edema during brachytherapy seed implantation and develop a nomogram model to calculate air-kerma strength (AKS) required for implantation of the enlarged transient prostatic volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prostate volume was measured prior and after seed implantation using trans-rectal ultrasound imaging in the operating room to obtain volume enlargement. A nomogram model was developed that calculates AKS required for implantation of the enlarged transient prostate volume with optimal dose coverage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The measured prostate enlargement in this study was up to 60% of the initial volume. The effective prostatic volume enlargement was calculated for three isotopes: 125I, 103Pd and 131Cs. The effective volume enlargement for 125I implants was relatively small (< 10%) because of its long half-life. For 103Pd and 131Cs with short half-lives, additional AKS up to 20% and 30%, respectively, might be required to provide appropriate dose coverage of possible enlarged prostatic volumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostate volume enlargement should be considered to obtain optimal dose coverage particularly for short half-life isotopes such as 131Cs and 103Pd. The nomogram model developed in this work provides the AKS required for implants with a wide range of prostatic volume enlargements (5-100%) for three isotopes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  prostate brachytherapy, nomogram, airkerma strength, edema, volume enlargement.
authors: Chief Physicist, V.N.Cancer Centre, G.Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore, India. Tel Nos. +91 4224305250, +91 9486588590; Email: sundaram_thangavel@rediffmail.com.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Sundaram
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Nagarajan
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nagarajan
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Jayakumar
authors: K N
authors: KN
authors: Govindarajan
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Supe
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Balasubramaniam
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Joshi
authors: T P
authors: TP
authors: Chellapandian
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow; D001918:Brachytherapy; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010165:Palladium; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010165:Palladium