title: Intrauterine grade IV intraventricular hemorrhage in a full-term infant leading to hydrocephalus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peri/intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is more often seen in premature neonates and can lead to posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, characterized by high mortality rate and neurodevelopmental delay.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of in utero PIVH in a full-term neonate, which led to hydrocephalus. The infant developed at 8 months of gestational age intracerebral/intraventricular hemorrhage at the regions of the left basal ganglia and thalamus with significant intraventricular extension and ventriculomegaly, which was diagnosed with fetal MR scan, and progressed post partum to active multiloculated hydrocephalus. At the age of 3 months, the infant was operated on with endoscopic fenestration of the ventricular septations at the left side and ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion at the right side. A follow-up MR scan after 4 months showed improvement of the ventriculomegaly and the multiloculated hydrocephalus. Up to a period of 6 months follow up, there have been no shunt-related problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complications of a grade IV intraventricular hemorrhage are well documented in premature infants. It is difficult to know to what extent these apply equally to full-term infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. Ventricular hemorrhage is very rarely reported in full-term neonates, and even more rarely in the intrauterine period.
authors: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Mitera Children's Hospital, Erythrou Stavrou 6, Marousi, Athens, Greece.
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Chamilos
authors: Spyros
authors: S
authors: Sgouros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000379:methods*