title: Protective mechanisms against oxidative stress and angiopathy in young patients with diabetes type 1 (DM1).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) via their receptor, RAGE, are involved in diabetic angiopathy. Soluble RAGE, an inhibitor of this axis, is formed by enzymatic catalysis (sRAGE) or alternative splicing (esRAGE). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an oxidative stress marker, and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) is an anti-oxidant capacity marker.
  
  
  METHODS
  In isolated mononuclear blood cells from 110 DM1-patients (P) and 124 controls (C) (4-29 years) RAGE mRNA (g) and protein expression (pe) were measured by RT-PCR and Western immunoblotting, respectively. Plasma levels of CML (AGEs) and sRAGE were measured by ELISA, MDA by flurometry and FRAP according to 'Benzie and Strain'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  P showed: (i) higher g of RAGE, especially in p>13 years of age and >5 years DM1, (ii) increased pe of esRAGE in DM1>5 years and (iii) increased FRAP and MDA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased esRAGE and FRAP with increased levels of CML and MDA possibly reflects a protective response against the formation of diabetic complications in these young diabetic patients.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Achaia, Greece.
authors: Nikolitsa
authors: N
authors: Koutroumani
authors: Ioanna
authors: I
authors: Partsalaki
authors: Fotini
authors: F
authors: Lamari
authors: Athina
authors: A
authors: Dettoraki
authors: Andrea Paola Rojas
authors: AP
authors: Gil
authors: Alexia
authors: A
authors: Karvela
authors: Eirini
authors: E
authors: Kostopoulou
authors: Bessie E
authors: BE
authors: Spiliotis
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D012995:Solubility; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human