title: Manufacturing and banking of mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-like cells hold great promise and offer many advantages for developing effective cellular therapeutics. Current trends indicate that the clinical application of MSC will continue to increase markedly. For clinical applications, large numbers of MSC are usually required, ideally in an off-the-shelf format, thus requiring extensive MSC expansion ex vivo and subsequent cryopreservation and banking.
  
  
  METHODS
  To exploit the full potential of MSC for cell-based therapies requires overcoming significant cell-manufacturing, banking and regulatory challenges. The current review will focus on the identification of optimal cell source for MSC, the techniques for production scale-up, cryopreservation and banking and the regulatory challenges involved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There has been considerable success manufacturing and cryopreserving MSC at laboratory scale. Surprisingly little attention, however, has been given to translate these technologies to an industrial scale. The development of cost-effective advanced technologies for producing and cryopreserving commercial-scale MSC is important for successful clinical cell therapy.
authors: Cook General Biotechnology LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Sreedhar
authors: S
authors: Thirumala
authors: W Scott
authors: WS
authors: Goebel
authors: Erik J
authors: EJ
authors: Woods
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004345:Drug Industry; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007883:Legislation, Medical; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D014015:Tissue Banks / Q000458:organization & administration*