title: Usefulness of controlled release of growth factors in investigating the early events of dentin-pulp regeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information is yet available on the signals involved in progenitor cell migration that precede reparative dentin synthesis. Our aim was to investigate the effect of the controlled release of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on permanent teeth pulp cell proliferation and progenitor cell migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  FGF-2 and TGF-β1 were encapsulated into a biodegradable polymer matrix of lactide and glycolide. Human pulp cells were prepared from third molars, and progenitor cells were sorted by STRO-1. The synthesized microsphere toxicity was checked with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test. The growth factor release kinetics were checked by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while maintaining their biological activity and were evaluated by investigating their effects on pulp cell proliferation. Their chemotactic potential was investigated on STRO-1-sorted cells in a migration chamber on Matrigel (Cambrex Bio Science, Walkersville, MD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cell viability was unaffected by the presence of microspheres. The released amount of FGF-2 and TGF-β1 from the microspheres was maintained after 21 days. Increasing the FGF-2-loaded microsphere concentration or the release period significantly increased dental pulp cell proliferation. TGF-β1 acted as a potent chemotactic factor of STRO-1-sorted cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Encapsulating TGF-β1 and FGF-2 in a biodegradable polymer of lactide and glycolide microsphere allowed a sustained release of growth factors and provided a protection to their biological activities. Our results clearly show the usefulness of growth factor controlled release in investigating the early events of pulp/dentin regeneration. It provides additional data on the signals required for vital pulp therapy and future tissue engineering.
authors: Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Oncopharmacologie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Mathieu
authors: Charlotte
authors: C
authors: Jeanneau
authors: Nida
authors: N
authors: Sheibat-Othman
authors: Nader
authors: N
authors: Kalaji
authors: Hatem
authors: H
authors: Fessi
authors: Imad
authors: I
authors: About
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D054443:Cell Migration Assays; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects*; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008863:Microspheres; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; C525591:STRO-1 antigen, human; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C022616:thiazolyl blue