Psychological trauma symptom improvement in veterans using emotional freedom techniques: a randomized controlled trial.
This study examined the effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), a brief exposure therapy combining cognitive and somatic elements, on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological distress symptoms in veterans receiving mental health services. Veterans meeting the clinical criteria for PTSD were randomized to EFT (n = 30) or standard of care wait list (SOC/WL; n = 29). The EFT intervention consisted of 6-hour-long EFT coaching sessions concurrent with standard care. The SOC/WL and EFT groups were compared before and after the intervention (at 1 month for the SOC/WL group and after six sessions for the EFT group). The EFT subjects had significantly reduced psychological distress (p < 0.0012) and PTSD symptom levels (p < 0.0001) after the test. In addition, 90% of the EFT group no longer met PTSD clinical criteria, compared with 4% in the SOC/WL group. After the wait period, the SOC/WL subjects received EFT. In a within-subjects longitudinal analysis, 60% no longer met the PTSD clinical criteria after three sessions. This increased to 86% after six sessions for the 49 subjects who ultimately received EFT and remained at 86% at 3 months and at 80% at 6 months. The results are consistent with that of other published reports showing EFT's efficacy in treating PTSD and comorbid symptoms and its long-term effects.
Foundation for Epigenetic Medicine, Santa Rosa, CA, USA.
Dawson
D
Church
Crystal
C
Hawk
Audrey J
AJ
Brooks
Olli
O
Toukolehto
Maria
M
Wren
Ingrid
I
Dinter
Phyllis
P
Stein
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015897:Comorbidity; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005610:Freedom; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D012107:Research Design; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D012907:Smoking; D012944:Social Support; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*