Linkage to care and treatment for TB and HIV among people newly diagnosed with TB or HIV-associated TB at a large, inner city South African hospital.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the outcomes of linkage to TB and HIV care and identify risk factors for poor referral outcomes.


METHODS
Cohort study of TB patients diagnosed at an urban hospital.


METHODS
Linkage to care was determined by review of clinic files, national death register, and telephone contact, and classified as linked to care, delayed linkage to care (>7 days for TB treatment, >30 days for HIV care), or failed linkage to care. We performed log-binomial regression to identify patient and referral characteristics associated with poor referral outcomes.


RESULTS
Among 593 TB patients, 23% failed linkage to TB treatment and 30.3% of the 77.0% who linked to care arrived late. Among 486 (86.9%) HIV-infected TB patients, 38.3% failed linkage to HIV care, and 32% of the 61.7% who linked to care presented late. One in six HIV-infected patients failed linkage to both TB and HIV care. Only 20.2% of HIV-infected patients were referred to a single clinic for integrated care. A referral letter was present in 90.3%, but only 23.7% included HIV status and 18.8% CD4 cell count. Lack of education (RR 1.85) and low CD4 count (CD4≤50 vs. >250cells/mm(3); RR 1.66) were associated with failed linkage to TB care. Risk factors for failed linkage to HIV care were antiretroviral-naïve status (RR 1.29), and absence of referral letter with HIV or CD4 cell count (RR1.23).


CONCLUSIONS
Linkage to TB/HIV care should be strengthened by communication of HIV and CD4 results, ART initiation during hospitalization and TB/HIV integration at primary care.
Clinical HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Yara
Y
Voss De Lima
Denise
D
Evans
Liesl
L
Page-Shipp
Antonia
A
Barnard
Ian
I
Sanne
Colin N
CN
Menezes
Annelies
A
Van Rie
D000328:Adult; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D005791:Patient Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology