Volume-dependent effect of perihaematomal oedema on outcome for spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhages.
BACKGROUND
It is still unknown whether subsequent perihaematomal oedema (PHE) formation further increases the odds of an unfavourable outcome.


METHODS
Demographic, clinical, radiographic and outcome data were prospectively collected in a single large academic centre. A multiple logistic regression model was then developed to determine the effect of admission oedema volume on outcome.


RESULTS
133 patients were analysed in this study. While there was no significant association between relative PHE volume and discharge outcome (p=0.713), a strong relationship was observed between absolute PHE volume and discharge outcome (p=0.009). In a multivariate model incorporating known predictors of outcome, as well as other factors found to be significant in our univariate analysis, absolute PHE volume remained a significant predictor of poor outcome only in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) volumes ≤30 cm(3) (OR 1.123, 95% CI 1.021 to 1.273, p=0.034). An increase in absolute PHE volume of 10 cm(3) in these patients was found to increase the odds of poor outcome on discharge by a factor of 3.19.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the effect of absolute PHE volume on functional outcome following ICH is dependent on haematoma size, with only patients with smaller haemorrhages exhibiting poorer outcome with worse PHE. Further studies are needed to define the precise role of PHE in driving outcome following ICH.
Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neurological Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. gappelbo@gmail.com
Geoffrey
G
Appelboom
Samuel S
SS
Bruce
Zachary L
ZL
Hickman
Brad E
BE
Zacharia
Amanda M
AM
Carpenter
Kerry A
KA
Vaughan
Andrew
A
Duren
Richard Yeup
RY
Hwang
Matthew
M
Piazza
Kiwon
K
Lee
Jan
J
Claassen
Stephan
S
Mayer
Neeraj
N
Badjatia
E Sander
ES
Connolly
D000368:Aged; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000502:physiology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D016896:Treatment Outcome