Severe lower respiratory tract infection in early infancy and pneumonia hospitalizations among children, Kenya.
Severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been associated with later pneumonia hospitalization among children. To determine risk for pneumonia after RSV hospitalization in infancy, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 2,813 infants admitted to a hospital in Kenya and identified readmissions for pneumonia among this group during early childhood (<60 months of age). Incidence of readmission for pneumonia was higher for children whose first admission as infants was for LRTI and who were <3 months of age than for children who were first admitted as infants for non-LRTI, irrespective of RSV status. Incidence of readmission for pneumonia with wheeze was higher for children whose first admission involved RSV compared with those who had non-RSV LRTI. Excess pneumonia risk persisted for 2 years after the initial hospitalization. Close postdischarge follow-up of infants with LRTI, with or without RSV, could help prevent severe pneumonia later in childhood.
KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Centre for Geographic Medicine Research–Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. pmunywoki@kilifi.kemri-wellcome.org
Patrick Kiio
PK
Munywoki
Eric O
EO
Ohuma
Mwanajuma
M
Ngama
Evasius
E
Bauni
J Anthony G
JA
Scott
D James
DJ
Nokes
D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010359:Patient Readmission; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000401:mortality* / Q000821:virology; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000401:mortality* / Q000821:virology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors