Caffeine increases liking and consumption of novel-flavored yogurt.
BACKGROUND
Caffeine has been shown to increase preference for beverages with which it is paired; however, it is not known if caffeine alters liking for foods with which it is paired indirectly.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the current experiment was to test the hypothesis that a caffeinated beverage paired with a novel-flavored yogurt will increase preference for that yogurt compared to one paired with placebo. We also tested the hypothesis that liking would increase more when caffeine was paired with high energy density yogurt.


METHODS
Men and women (n = 62) were randomized to receive a beverage containing placebo (PLA) or caffeine (CAF) and to consume a low (LED) or high energy density (HED), novel-flavored yogurt. Participants rated, ranked, and consumed seven novel-flavored yogurts and then had a target yogurt paired with either PLA or CAF over four consecutive days.


RESULTS
In general, yogurt liking increased over time, the HED yogurt was liked more than the LED yogurt, and yogurt paired with caffeine was liked more than yogurt paired with placebo. Participants showed a significant increase in liking of LED yogurt paired with caffeine compared to those with LED yogurt paired with placebo.


CONCLUSIONS
Caffeine administration may increase liking and consumption of novel-flavored foods, particularly if the food is not highly liked at baseline. This suggests that caffeine pairing may be a way to increase liking of LED foods, such as vegetables and fruit.
Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, 1 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
Leah M
LM
Panek
Christine
C
Swoboda
Ashley
A
Bendlin
Jennifer L
JL
Temple
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects*; D015014:Yogurt / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
D002110:Caffeine