Gitelman or Bartter type 3 syndrome? A case of distal convoluted tubulopathy caused by CLCNKB gene mutation.
A 32-year-old woman with no significant medical history was sent to our consultation due to hypokalaemia (<3.0 mmol/l). Her main complaints were longstanding polyuria and nocturia. Physical examination was normal. Basic investigations showed normal renal function, low serum potassium (2.7 mmol/l) and magnesium (0.79 mmol/l), metabolic alkalosis (pH 7.54; bicarbonate 32.5 mmol/l), elevated urinary potassium (185 mmol/24 h) and normal urinary calcium (246 mg/24 h). Thiazide test revealed blunted response. Chronic vomiting and the abuse of diuretics were excluded. Genetic tests for SLC12A3 gene mutation described in Gitelman syndrome (GS) came negative. CLCNKB gene mutation analysis present in both GS and Bartter (BS) type 3 syndromes was positive. The patient is now being treated with potassium and magnesium oral supplements, ramipril and spironolactone with stable near-normal potassium and magnesium levels. This article presents the case of a patient with hypokalaemia caused by CLCNKB gene mutation hard to categorise as GS or BS type 3.
Serviço de Medicina Interna, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga-Hospital de São Sebastião, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal. ajcruzborges@gmail.com
António José
AJ
Cruz
Alexandra
A
Castro
D000328:Adult; D001477:Bartter Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D053579:Gitelman Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007686:Kidney Tubules, Distal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*
C412733:CLCNKB protein, human; D018118:Chloride Channels; D004247:DNA; D011188:Potassium