[The cardiopulmonary exercise test in the management of patients with pulmonary hypertension].
The main symptom of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) is exercise intolerance. The gold standard for evaluation of exercise capacity is the incremental cardio-pulmonary exercise test (ICPET) on a bicycle ergometer. Exercise tolerance in patients with PH is mainly determined by the capacity to increase cardiac output to meet metabolic demands, which depends on right ventricular function. Therefore, right ventricular dysfunction is the main factor limiting exercise tolerance in PH. Patients with PH also show hypoxemia during exercise and hyperventilation is also common, both at rest and during exercise, which can be attributed to greater chemosensitivity. The present review analyzes the physiological mechanisms determining exercise tolerance, exercise response in patients with PH, the variables of greatest interest in the study of this disorder, the similarities and differences between ICPET and other, simpler tests such as the 6-minute walk test, and the prognostic value of exercise testing in these patients. Evaluation of exercise tolerance is an essential element in the clinical assessment of patients with PH. Consequently, detailed knowledge of the information provided by exercise testing and its limitation is of undoubted interest in the clinical management of this complex disease.
Department of Pathophysiology, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Bruselas, Bélgica.
Robert
R
Naeije
Isabel
I
Blanco
Joan Albert
JA
Barberà
D019468:Disease Management; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000209:etiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011311:Pressoreceptors / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D013147:Spirometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016138:Walking