Japan's hiropon panic: resident non-Japanese and the 1950s meth crisis.
BACKGROUND
This qualitative historical policy analysis explores Japan's early postwar market for hiropon (methamphetamine/meth) and the impact of its anti-hiropon campaigns. The paper traces the origins of medical methamphetamine production in prewar Japan; known at that time by its former brand-name, 'Philopon' (pronounced hiropon), and argues that the anti-meth 'shock-horror' campaigns of the 1950s were exacerbated by long-simmering animosity toward non-Japanese residents - especially Koreans and Taiwanese.


METHODS
Through an analysis of both English- and Japanese-language source materials, the paper explores the gritty, frightening themes of Japan's 1950s-era anti-meth propaganda campaigns and the parallel effort by police to arrest, prosecute, and deport members of the resident Korean and Taiwanese communities.


RESULTS
The author demonstrates that by incorporating a wider variety of contemporary Japanese-language sources such as news reports and anti-drug propaganda materials about the postwar hiropon trade, we may more fully appreciate the historic, underlying social tensions behind the swift and targeted public response.


CONCLUSIONS
The author concludes that Japan's postwar federal and municipal governments, together with police and media agencies, cultivated a sensational 'drug panic' designed both to dissuade citizens from using hiropon and to fuel a concerted police campaign against non-Japanese involved in the meth trade.
Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141-2000, USA. Jeffrey.Alexander@uwp.edu
Jeffrey W
JW
Alexander
D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000266:history / Q000517:prevention & control*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008402:Mass Media / Q000266:history; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history; D016495:Police / Q000266:history; D011406:Propaganda
D008694:Methamphetamine