The functional anatomy of suggested limb paralysis.
Suggestions of limb paralysis in highly hypnotically suggestible subjects have been employed to successfully model conversion disorders, revealing similar patterns of brain activation associated with attempted movement of the affected limb. However, previous studies differ with regard to the executive regions involved during involuntary inhibition of the affected limb. This difference may have arisen as previous studies did not control for differences in hypnosis depth between conditions and/or include subjective measures to explore the experience of suggested paralysis. In the current study we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the functional anatomy of left and right upper limb movements in eight healthy subjects selected for high hypnotic suggestibility during (i) hypnosis (NORMAL) and (ii) attempted movement following additional left upper limb paralysis suggestions (PARALYSIS). Contrast of left upper limb motor function during NORMAL relative to PARALYSIS conditions revealed greater activation of contralateral M1/S1 and ipsilateral cerebellum, consistent with the engagement of these regions in the completion of movements. By contrast, two significant observations were noted in PARALYSIS relative to NORMAL conditions. In conjunction with reports of attempts to move the paralysed limb, greater supplementary motor area (SMA) activation was observed, a finding consistent with the role of SMA in motor intention and planning. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC, BA 24) was also significantly more active in PARALYSIS relative to NORMAL conditions - suggesting that ACC (BA 24) may be implicated in involuntary, as well as voluntary inhibition of prepotent motor responses.
Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK. q.deeley@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Quinton
Q
Deeley
David A
DA
Oakley
Brian
B
Toone
Vaughan
V
Bell
Eamonn
E
Walsh
Andre F
AF
Marquand
Vincent
V
Giampietro
Michael J
MJ
Brammer
Steven C R
SC
Williams
Mitul A
MA
Mehta
Peter W
PW
Halligan
D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D005121:Extremities / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010243:Paralysis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D013404:Suggestion; D055815:Young Adult