Correlated percolation and tricriticality.
The recent proliferation of correlated percolation models--models where the addition of edges and/or vertices is no longer independent of other edges and/or vertices--has been motivated by the quest to find discontinuous percolation transitions. The leader in this proliferation is what is known as explosive percolation. A recent proof demonstrates that a large class of explosive percolation-type models does not, in fact, exhibit a discontinuous transition [Riordan and Warnke, Science, 333, 322 (2011)]. Here, we discuss two lesser known correlated percolation models--the k ≥ 3-core model on random graphs and the counter-balance model in two-dimensions--both exhibiting discontinuous transitions. To search for tricriticality, we construct mixtures of these models with other percolation models exhibiting the more typical continuous transition. Using a powerful rate equation approach, we demonstrate that a mixture of k = 2-core and k = 3-core vertices on the random graph exhibits a tricritical point. However, for a mixture of k-core and counter-balance vertices in two dimensions, as the fraction of counter-balance vertices is increased, numerics and heuristic arguments suggest that there is a line of continuous transitions with the line ending at a discontinuous transition, i.e., when all vertices are counter-balanced. Interestingly, these heuristic arguments may help identify the ingredients needed for a discontinuous transition in low dimensions. In addition, our results may have potential implications for glassy and jamming systems.
Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA. lcao01@syr.edu
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