Atypical chemokine receptors: from silence to sound.
ACRs (atypical chemokine receptors) were initially referred to as 'silent' receptors on the basis of a lack of signalling and functional activities that are typically observed with conventional chemokine receptors. Although ACRs do not directly induce cell migration, they indirectly control leucocyte recruitment by shaping chemokine gradients in tissues through degradation, transcytosis or local concentration of their cognate ligands. Recent evidence also suggests that these biological activities are supported by G-protein-independent, β-arrestin-dependent signalling events. In the present article, we review current knowledge on structural and signalling properties of ACRs that are changing our view on this entire class of receptors from silent to endogenous β-arrestin-biased signalling receptors.
Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, I-20089 Rozzano, Italy.
Cinzia
C
Cancellieri
Alessandro
A
Vacchini
Massimo
M
Locati
Raffaella
R
Bonecchi
Elena M
EM
Borroni
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019390:Arrestins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D057900:Transcytosis; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
D019390:Arrestins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D000071557:beta-Arrestins