[Dosimetric system for assessing doses received by people occupationally exposed to external sources of ionizing radiation].
The current system of dosimetric quantities has been defined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU). Complexity of the system implies the physical nature of ionizing radiation, resulting from the presence of different types of radiation of different ionization capabilities, as well as the individual radiation sensitivity of biological material exposed. According to the latest recommendations, there are three types of dosimeter quantities relevant to radiation protection and radiological assessment of occupational exposure. These are the basic quantities, safety quantities and operational quantities. Dose limits for occupational exposure relate directly to the protection quantities, i.e. the equivalent dose and effective dose, while these quantities are practically unmeasurable in real measurement conditions. For this reason, in the system of dosimetric quantities directly measurable operating volumes were defined. They represent equivalents of the protection quantities that allow for a reliable assessment of equivalent and effective dose by conducting routine monitoring of occupational exposure. This paper presents the characteristics of these quantities, their relationships and importance in assessing individual effects of radiation. Also the methods for their implementation in personal and environmental dosimetry were showcased. The material contained in the article is a compendium of essential information about dosimetric quantities with reference to the contemporary requirements of the law, including the changed annual occupational exposure limit for the lens of the eye. The material is especially addressed to those responsible for dosimetry monitoring in the workplace, radiation protection inspectors and occupational health physicians.
Zakład Ochrony Radiologicznej, Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera, Łódź, Poland. marbrod@imp.lodz.pl
Marcin
M
Brodecki
Joanna U
JU
Domienik
Marek
M
Zmyślony
D002138:Calibration; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011044:Poland; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods