Health-related quality of life in prostate cancer.
BACKGROUND
With new treatment options, the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) has improved in recent decades, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important outcome of treatment. HRQoL scores are also essential for health economic analyses concerning treatment options for the disease. This study assesses HRQoL scores in different health states of PCa, compares the results obtained by different HRQoL instruments, compares the HRQoL of PCa patients with that of the general population, and explores factors associated with the resultant HRQoL scores.


METHODS
An observational cross-sectional study among PCa patients in the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District between September 2009 and December 2010. A total of 630 PCa patients (aged 43-92) assessed their HRQoL with the generic 15D and EQ-5D, as well as the cancer-specific EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaires. Patients were divided into five mutually exclusive groups based on disease state: Loc1 (local disease, first six months after diagnosis; n = 47), Loc2 (local disease, 0.5-1.5 years after diagnosis or recurrence; n = 158), Loc3 (local disease, more than 1.5 years after diagnosis; n = 317), Metastatic (after detection of metastases; n = 89) and Palliative care (n = 19). Multivariate analysis served to evaluate the factors associated with the HRQoL scores.


RESULTS
The utility scores were highest at baseline. Markedly impaired HRQoL was seen first at the more advanced states of the disease. All HRQoL instruments studied were consistent in all states of the disease, yet the HRQoL scores obtained varied widely. Symptoms of fatigue and pain, and background variables of financial difficulties and age were the most important factors associated with poor HRQoL.


CONCLUSIONS
All instruments provided valuable insight into PCa patients' overall HRQoL. Management of cancer-related symptoms is important in maintaining patients' HRQoL, but more attention should also focus on financial difficulties.
University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute/Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland. saku.torvinen@gmail.com
Saku
S
Torvinen
Niilo
N
Färkkilä
Harri
H
Sintonen
Tiina
T
Saarto
Risto P
RP
Roine
Kimmo
K
Taari
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires