Dental primer and adhesive containing a new antibacterial quaternary ammonium monomer dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate.
OBJECTIVE
The main reason for restoration failure is secondary caries caused by biofilm acids. Replacing the failed restorations accounts for 50-70% of all operative work. The objectives of this study were to incorporate a new quaternary ammonium monomer (dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate, DMADDM) and nanoparticles of silver (NAg) into a primer and an adhesive, and to investigate their effects on antibacterial and dentin bonding properties.


METHODS
Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) served as control. DMADDM was synthesized and incorporated with NAg into primer/adhesive. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model with human saliva was used to investigate metabolic activity, colony-forming units (CFU), and lactic acid. Dentin shear bond strengths were measured.


RESULTS
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the new DMADDM were orders of magnitude lower than those of a previous quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM). Uncured primer with DMADDM had much larger inhibition zones than QADM (p<0.05). Cured primer/adhesive with DMADDM-NAg greatly reduced biofilm metabolic activity (p<0.05). Combining DMADDM with NAg in primer/adhesive resulted in less CFU than DMADDM alone (p<0.05). Lactic acid production by biofilms was reduced by 20-fold via DMADDM-NAg, compared to control. Incorporation of DMADDM and NAg into primer/adhesive did not adversely affect dentin bond strength.


CONCLUSIONS
A new antibacterial monomer DMADDM was synthesized and incorporated into primer/adhesive for the first time. The bonding agents are promising to combat residual bacteria in tooth cavity and invading bacteria at tooth-restoration margins to inhibit caries. DMADDM and NAg are promising for use into a wide range of dental adhesive systems and restoratives.
Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Lei
L
Cheng
Michael D
MD
Weir
Ke
K
Zhang
Dwayne D
DD
Arola
Xuedong
X
Zhou
Hockin H K
HH
Xu
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D012834:Silver; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019246:Tooth Preparation
D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C586974:dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012834:Silver