Reduction of splenic immunosuppressive cells and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity by synergy of fish oil and selenium yeast.
Growing evidence has shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) abnormally increase in cancer cachectic patients. Suppressions of Tregs and MDSCs may enhance anti-tumor immunity for cancer patients. Fish oil and selenium have been known to have many biological activities such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Whether fish oil and/or selenium have an additional effect on population of immunosuppressive cells in tumor-bearing hosts remained elusive and controversial. To gain insights into their roles on anti-tumor immunity, we studied the fish oil- and/or selenium-mediated tumor suppression and immunity on lung carcinoma, whereof cachexia develops. Advancement of cachexia in a murine lung cancer model manifested with such indicative symptoms as weight loss, chronic inflammation and disturbed immune functionality. The elevation of Tregs and MDSCs in spleens of tumor-bearing mice was positively correlated with tumor burdens. Consumption of either fish oil or selenium had little or no effect on the levels of Tregs and MDSCs. However, consumption of both fish oil and selenium together presented a synergistic effect--the population of Tregs and MDSCs decreased as opposed to increase of anti-tumor immunity when both fish oil and selenium were supplemented simultaneously, whereby losses of body weight and muscle/fat mass were alleviated significantly.
Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
Hang
H
Wang
Yi-Lin
YL
Chan
Tsung-Lin
TL
Li
Brent A
BA
Bauer
Simon
S
Hsia
Cheng-Hsu
CH
Wang
Jen-Seng
JS
Huang
Hung-Ming
HM
Wang
Kun-Yun
KY
Yeh
Tse-Hung
TH
Huang
Gwo-Jang
GJ
Wu
Chang-Jer
CJ
Wu
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D041702:BALB 3T3 Cells; D002100:Cachexia / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D007121:Immunocompetence / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005395:Fish Oils; D012643:Selenium