Current standards in diagnosis and therapy of hyperlipoproteinemia.
Raised lipid parameters, especially increased LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels, are severe risk factors for atherosclerosis. Targets in the therapy of hyperlipoproteinemia are dependent on other risk factors including diabetes mellitus and manifest cardiovascular disease. Fasting levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides are measured for diagnosis of this disease. Lp(a) should be evaluated in instances of positive family history for cardiovascular disease and/or severe progress of cardiovascular disease or premature cardiovascular events. The basis of therapy includes diet measures as well as weight reduction and lifestyle modifications (raised physical activity after excluding contraindications). Numerous patients require lipid-lowering drug therapy, including most importantly statins but also bile acid sequestrants, ezetimibe, fibrates, nicotinic acid or omega-3-fatty acids. Special forms of hyperlipoproteinemia such as chylomicronemia syndrome and raised Lp(a) are described herein.
Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Dresden Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany. sabine.fischer@uniklinikum-dresden.de
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D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006951:Hyperlipoproteinemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D015415:Biomarkers; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008074:Lipoproteins