The role of innate immune cells in obese adipose tissue inflammation and development of insulin resistance.
Obesity is characterised by a chronic state of low-grade inflammation in different tissues including the vasculature. There is a causal link between adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and obesity-related metabolic complications, such as the development of insulin resistance and subsequently of type 2 diabetes. Intense efforts in the recent years have aimed at dissecting the pathophysiology of AT inflammation. The role of both innate and adaptive immune cells, such as macrophages or cytotoxic T cells in AT inflammation has been demonstrated. Besides these cells, more leukocyte subpopulations have been recently implicated in obesity, including neutrophils and eosinophils, mast cells, natural killer cells or dendritic cells. The involvement of multiple leukocyte subpopulations underlines the complexity of obesity-associated AT inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of innate immune cells in AT inflammation, obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Division on Vascular Inflammation, Diabetes and Kidney, Department of Medicine, University Clinic Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany. jindrich.chmelar@uniklinikum-dresden.de
Jindrich
J
Chmelar
Kyoung-Jin
KJ
Chung
Triantafyllos
T
Chavakis
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*
D058847:Inflammasomes