The Modified Graeb Score: an enhanced tool for intraventricular hemorrhage measurement and prediction of functional outcome.
OBJECTIVE
Simple and rapid measures of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) volume are lacking. We developed and validated a modification of the original Graeb scale to facilitate rapid assessment of IVH over time.


METHODS
We explored the relationship between the modified Graeb scale (mGS), original Graeb scale, measured IVH volume, and outcome using data from the Clot Lysis: Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Hemorrhage with rtPA B (CLEAR B) study. We also explored its reliability. We then evaluated the relationship between mGS and outcome in a large sample of participants with IVH using data contained within the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). We defined outcome using the modified Rankin scale (>3 signifying poor outcome).


RESULTS
The CLEAR B study included 360 scans from 36 subjects. The mGS score and IVH volume were highly correlated (R = 0.80, P<0.0001, R(2) 0.65). Baseline mGS was predictive of poor outcome (area under receiving operating characteristic curve 0.74, 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.91), whereas the original Graeb scale was not. The VISTA study included 399 participants. Each unit increase in the mGS led to a 12% increase in the odds of a poor outcome (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.19). Measures of reliability (intra- and inter- reader) were good in both studies.


CONCLUSIONS
The mGS, a semiquantitative scale for IVH volume measurement, is a reliable measure with prognostic validity suitable for rapid use in clinical practice and in research.
College of Medical, Veterinary, Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Timothy C
TC
Morgan
Jesse
J
Dawson
Danielle
D
Spengler
Kennedy R
KR
Lees
Chanel
C
Aldrich
Nishant K
NK
Mishra
Karen
K
Lane
Terence J
TJ
Quinn
Marie
M
Diener-West
Christopher J
CJ
Weir
Peter
P
Higgins
Mark
M
Rafferty
Katie
K
Kinsley
Wendy
W
Ziai
Issam
I
Awad
Matthew R
MR
Walters
Daniel
D
Hanley
D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator