The antioxidant and non-antioxidant contributions of vitamin E in vitamin E blended ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene for total knee replacement.
Vitamin E (VE) blended ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been developed in Japan as a material for use in total knee replacement (TKR). Various results have demonstrated that VE blended UHMWPE reduces the incidence of delamination failure and lowers the amount of wear produced during knee simulator testing. It was also found that wear particles from VE blended UHMWPE elicited a reduced biological response compared to conventional UHMWPE. A great deal of research concerning vitamin E (VE) stabilized ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has focused on VE's effects as an antioxidant and its ability to prevent the oxidative degradation of UHMWPE chains. However, other chemical and mechanical changes have been observed in VE blended UHMWPE that are unrelated to the oxidative protection that VE provides. This paper provides a general review of VE blended UHMWPE, with a particular focus on the non-antioxidant effects of VE. The potential application of VE blended UHMWPE in total hip replacement (THR), along with the differences in loading conditions between the knee and the hip are also discussed.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
Alex
A
Turner
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
Yasushi
Y
Okubo
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
Satoshi
S
Teramura
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
Yasuhito
Y
Niwa
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
Kento
K
Ibaraki
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
Toru
T
Kawasaki
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
Daisuke
D
Hamada
R&D Center, Nakashima Medical Co. Ltd., 5322 Haga, Kita-ku Okayama 701-1221, Japan.
Keita
K
Uetsuki
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan. Electronic address: tomita.naohide.5c@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
Naohide
N
Tomita
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D006801:Humans; D007720:Knee Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008422:Materials Testing; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology
D000975:Antioxidants; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004343:Drug Implants; D016877:Oxidants; D011095:Polyethylenes; C111601:ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene; D014810:Vitamin E
Alpha-tocopherol; Biological response; Delamination; Oxidation; Total joint replacement; Tribological performance; UHMWPE; Vitamin E blended ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene