S-layer protein self-assembly.
Crystalline S(urface)-layers are the most commonly observed cell surface structures in prokaryotic organisms (bacteria and archaea). S-layers are highly porous protein meshworks with unit cell sizes in the range of 3 to 30 nm, and thicknesses of  ~10 nm. One of the key features of S-layer proteins is their intrinsic capability to form  self-assembled mono- or double layers in solution, and at interfaces. Basic research on  S-layer proteins laid foundation to make use of the unique self-assembly properties of native and, in particular, genetically functionalized S-layer protein lattices, in a broad range of applications in the life and non-life sciences. This contribution briefly summarizes the knowledge about structure, genetics, chemistry, morphogenesis, and function of S-layer proteins and pays particular attention to the self-assembly in solution, and at differently functionalized solid supports.
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biophysics, University of Natural Resources and  Life Science, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, Vienna 1190, Austria. dietmar.pum@boku.ac.at.
Dietmar
D
Pum
Jose Luis
JL
Toca-Herrera
Uwe B
UB
Sleytr