IDO⁺ DCs and signalling pathways.
Dendritic cells (DCs) have traditionally been viewed as constituting an 'information management' system that functions solely to integrate a diverse array of incoming signals, in order to induce immune reactivity. In recent years, however, there has been a shift towards viewing these cells as key regulators in the orchestration of immunological tolerance, with increasing recognition that they are capable of suppressing T-cell responses depending on signalling processes and localised biochemical conditions. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) competent (IDO⁺) DCs are a subset of human DCs which are programmed to a tolerogenic state and play a vital role in establishing and maintaining a tumour-suppressing milieu. The expression of IDO in these DCs represents a key mechanism responsible for inducing the tolerogenic state. However, the mechanisms by which IDO becomes dysregulated in this subset of DCs have not yet been described. In this review, the function of IDO⁺ DCs within the cancer-tolerogenic milieu, as well as the signals responsible for expression of IDO in this subset, will be discussed.
Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University cancer institute and hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China.
Yue
Y
Wang
Bao-Hong
BH
Yang
Hui
H
Li
Shui
S
Cao
Xiu-Bao
XB
Ren
Jin-Pu
JP
Yu
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance / Q000187:drug effects; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta