Antibacterial properties of the mammalian L-amino acid oxidase IL4I1.
L-amino acid oxidases (LAAO) are flavoproteins that catalyze the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids to a keto-acid along with the production of H₂O₂ and ammonia. Interleukin 4 induced gene 1 (IL4I1) is a secreted LAAO expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells stimulated by microbial derived products or interferons, which is endowed with immunoregulatory properties. It is the first LAAO described in mammalian innate immune cells. In this work, we show that this enzyme blocks the in vitro and in vivo growth of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. This antibiotic effect is primarily mediated by H₂O₂ production but is amplified by basification of the medium due to the accumulation of ammonia. The depletion of phenylalanine (the primary amino acid catabolized by IL4I1) may also participate in the in vivo inhibition of staphylococci growth. Thus, IL4I1 plays a distinct role compared to other antibacterial enzymes produced by mononuclear phagocytes.
INSERM, U955, IMRB, Equipe 09, Créteil, France.
Marie-Line
ML
Puiffe
Isabelle
I
Lachaise
Valérie
V
Molinier-Frenkel
Flavia
F
Castellano
D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050830:L-Amino Acid Oxidase / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology
D010649:Phenylalanine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C105158:IL4I1 protein, human; D050830:L-Amino Acid Oxidase