Marriage as a risk factor for HIV: learning from the experiences of HIV-infected women in Malawi.
The gender inequalities that characterise intimate partner relationships in Malawi, a country with one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world, arguably place marriage as an important risk factor for HIV infection among women, yet few studies detail the complex interactions of marriage and risk. In order to develop HIV-prevention interventions that have lasting impacts in such communities, we need a deeper understanding of the intricacies of women's lives, how and why they are involved in marital relationships, and the implications of these relationships for HIV transmission or prevention. This article describes how women understand marriage's effects on their lives and their HIV risks. Drawing from focus group discussions with 72 women attending antiretroviral clinics in Malawi, we explore why women enter marriage, what women's experiences are within marriage and how they leave spouses for other relationships. Based on their narratives, we describe women's lives after separation, abandonment or widowhood, and report their reflections on marriage after being married two or three times. We then review women's narratives in light of published work on HIV, and provide recommendations that would minimise the risks of HIV attendant on marriage.
College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA. mkandawi@uwm.edu
Lucy
L
Mkandawire-Valhmu
Claire
C
Wendland
Patricia E
PE
Stevens
Peninnah M
PM
Kako
Anne
A
Dressel
Jennifer
J
Kibicho
D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D019513:Feminism; D017144:Focus Groups; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D008393:Marriage / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D016387:Women's Health / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D014933:Women's Rights / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D055815:Young Adult
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents