Opiate agonists and antagonists modulate taste perception in opiate-maintained and recently detoxified subjects.
Heroin addicts consume large quantities of refined sugars. This study investigated the effect of opiate use and antagonism on sweet taste in opiate-maintained drug users and detoxified former chronic opiate users, using a within-subject design. Seven opiate users received methadone and seven buprenorphine maintenance. Six detoxified subjects received naltrexone. Sucrose recognition thresholds and measurements of pleasantness and intensity were determined before and four hours after 1) a single dose of methadone or buprenorphine or 2) naltrexone. Control data were taken from a cohort of healthy volunteers including smokers. All measures of sweet and salt taste perception were significantly greater in opiate users and recently detoxified subjects compared to control subjects, with the exception of sweet pleasantness, which returned to control level after detoxification. Acute methadone administration reduced salt thresholds and unpleasantness to control levels. Increased sweet thresholds and salt unpleasantness in detoxified subjects were reversed by acute opioid antagonism, returning to control levels. These results suggest that opiate use and antagonism alters taste perception. Some of the alterations reverse on detoxification (sweet pleasantness), and others can be reversed by opioid antagonism (sweet threshold, salt unpleasantness). Changes in taste perception may underlie altered consumption of refined sugars in opiate users.
Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Amy
A
Green
Arun
A
Kaul
Jacinta
J
O'Shea
Ekta
E
Sharma
Lisa
L
Bennett
Emma L
EL
Mullings
Marcus R
MR
Munafò
David J
DJ
Nutt
Jan K
JK
Melichar
Lucy F
LF
Donaldson
D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055697:Taste Perception / Q000187:drug effects*; D013652:Taste Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D002047:Buprenorphine; D009271:Naltrexone; D008691:Methadone