The Swedish version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying scale: aspects of validity and factors influencing nurses' and nursing students' attitudes.
BACKGROUND
Nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying persons need to be explored. The Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) scale has not previously been used in Swedish language.


OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study were to compare FATCOD scores among Swedish nurses and nursing students with those from other languages, to explore the existence of 2 subscales, and to evaluate influences of experiences on attitudes toward care of dying patients.


METHODS
A descriptive, cross-sectional, and predictive design was used. The FATCOD scores of Swedish nurses from hospice, oncology, surgery clinics, and palliative home care and nursing students were compared with published scores from the United States, Israel, and Japan. Descriptive statistics, t tests, and factor and regression analyses were used.


RESULTS
The sample consisted of 213 persons: 71 registered nurses, 42 enrolled nurses, and 100 nursing students. Swedish FATCOD mean scores did not differ from published means from the United States and Israel, but were significantly more positive than Japanese means. In line with Japanese studies, factor analyses yielded a 2-factor solution. Total FATCOD and subscales had low Cronbach α's. Hospice and palliative team nurses were more positive than oncology and surgery nurses to care for dying patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Although our results suggest that the Swedish FATCOD may comprise 2 distinct scales, the total scale may be the most adequate and applicable for use in Sweden. Professional experience was associated with nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Care culture might influence nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying patients; the benefits of education need to be explored.
Author Affiliations: Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg (Drs Henoch, Strang, and Danielson); Department of Neurobiology, Division of Nursing, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Dr Browall); School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde (Drs Browall, Johansson Sundler, Björk, Ek, Hammarlund, and Bergh); Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund (Drs Melin-Johansson and Danielson and Mrs Udo); and Angered Local Hospital, Gothenburg (Dr Strang), Sweden.
Ingela
I
Henoch
Maria
M
Browall
Christina
C
Melin-Johansson
Ella
E
Danielson
Camilla
C
Udo
Annelie
A
Johansson Sundler
Maria
M
Björk
Kristina
K
Ek
Kina
K
Hammarlund
Ingrid
I
Bergh
Susann
S
Strang
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001293:Attitude to Death; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D010166:Palliative Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013338:Students, Nursing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden