Echocardiographic integrated backscatter for detecting progression and regression of aortic valve calcifications in rats.
BACKGROUND
Calcification is an independent predictor of mortality in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of non-invasive, non-ionizing echocardiographic calibrated integrated backscatter (cIB) for monitoring progression and subsequent regression of aortic valvular calcifications in a rat model of reversible renal failure with CAVD, compared to histology.


METHODS
28 male Wistar rats were prospectively followed during 21 weeks. Group 1 (N=14) was fed with a 0.5% adenine diet for 9 weeks to induce renal failure and CAVD. Group 2 (N=14) received a standard diet. At week 9, six animals of each group were killed. The remaining animals of group 1 (N=8) and group 2 (N=8) were kept on a standard diet for an additional 12 weeks. cIB of the aortic valve was calculated at baseline, 9 and 21 weeks, followed by measurement of the calcified area (Ca Area) on histology.


RESULTS
At week 9, cIB values and Ca Area of the aortic valve were significantly increased in the adenine-fed rats compared to baseline and controls. After 12 weeks of adenine diet cessation, cIB values and Ca Area of group 1 decreased compared to week 9, while there was no longer a significant difference compared to age-matched controls of group 2.


CONCLUSIONS
cIB is a non-invasive tool allowing quantitative monitoring of CAVD progression and regression in a rat model of reversible renal failure, as validated by comparison with histology. This technique might become useful for assessing CAVD during targeted therapy.
Department of Cardiology, Centrum Voor Hart- en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium. broosens@gmail.com
Bram
B
Roosens
Gezim
G
Bala
Kris
K
Gillis
Isabel
I
Remory
Steven
S
Droogmans
Joan
J
Somja
Eléonore
E
Delvenne
Joeri
J
De Nayer
Johan
J
Schiettecatte
Philippe
P
Delvenne
Patrizio
P
Lancellotti
Guy
G
Van Camp
Bernard
B
Cosyns
D000818:Animals; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar