Retroperitoneal approach to the intervertebral disc for the annular puncture model of intervertebral disc degeneration in the rabbit.
BACKGROUND
The rabbit annular puncture model of degeneration is among the most widely used models of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. There are no published reports of the specific surgical technique used to produce this model.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the model in detail in an effort to reduce center-to-center variability and hopefully improve the reproducibility of future experimental results.


METHODS
Technical report of surgical approach and experience.


METHODS
New Zealand White Rabbits.


METHODS
A detailed report of the annular puncture technique in rabbits is provided including preparation of the animals, instrumentation, a description of retroperitoneal approach to the lumbar area, and the technique for IVD injury. Common pitfalls and complications of the procedure are described.


CONCLUSIONS
The methods described can serve to standardize the implementation of this important preclinical model of disc degeneration.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA. imoss@uchc.edu
Isaac L
IL
Moss
Yejia
Y
Zhang
Peng
P
Shi
Ana
A
Chee
Marge J
MJ
Piel
Howard S
HS
An
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000601:surgery*; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000601:surgery*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*