Blood glucose may be an alternative to cholesterol in CVD risk prediction charts.
BACKGROUND
Established risk models for the prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) include blood pressure, smoking and cholesterol parameters. The use of total cholesterol for CVD risk prediction has been questioned, particularly for primary prevention. We evaluated whether glucose could be used instead of total cholesterol for prediction of fatal CVD using data with long follow-up.


METHODS
We followed-up 6,095 men and women aged ≥16 years who participated 1977-79 in a community based health study and were anonymously linked with the Swiss National Cohort until the end of 2008. During follow-up, 727 participants died of CVD. Based on the ESC SCORE methodology (Weibull regression), we used age, sex, blood pressure, smoking, and fasting glucose or total cholesterol. The mean Brier score (BS), area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used for model comparison. We validated our models internally using cross-validation and externally using another data set.


RESULTS
In our models, the p-value of total cholesterol was 0.046, that of glucose was p < 0.001. The model with glucose had a slightly better predictive capacity (BS: 2216x10-5 vs. 2232x10-5; AUC: 0.9181 vs. 0.9169, IDI: 0.009 with p-value 0.026) and could well discriminate the overall risk of persons with high and low concentrations. The external validation confirmed these findings.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that instead of total cholesterol glucose can be used in models predicting overall CVD mortality risk.
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, Zurich, Switzerland.
Julia
J
Braun
Matthias
M
Bopp
David
D
Faeh
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology
D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol