Prostate cancer cell phenotypes based on AGR2 and CD10 expression.
The combination of expression patterns of AGR2 (anterior gradient 2) and CD10 by prostate cancer provided four phenotypes that correlated with clinical outcome. Based on immunophenotyping, CD10(low)AGR2(high), CD10(high)AGR2(high), CD10(low)AGR2(low), and CD10(high)AGR2(low) were distinguished. AGR2(+) tumors were associated with longer recurrence-free survival and CD10(+) tumors with shorter recurrence-free survival. In high-stage cases, the CD10(low)AGR2(high) phenotype was associated with a ninefold higher recurrence-free survival than the CD10(high)AGR2(low) phenotype. The CD10(high)AGR2(high) and CD10(low)AGR2(low) phenotypes were intermediate. The CD10(high)AGR2(low) phenotype was most frequent in high-grade primary tumors. Conversely, bone and other soft tissue metastases, and derivative xenografts, expressed more AGR2 and less CD10. AGR2 protein was readily detected in tumor metastases. The CD10(high)AGR2(low) phenotype in primary tumors is predictive of poor outcome; however, the CD10(low)AGR2(high) phenotype is more common in metastases. It appears that AGR2 has a protective function in primary tumors but may have a role in the distal spread of tumor cells.
Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6100, USA.
Melissa E
ME
Ho
Sue-Ing
SI
Quek
Lawrence D
LD
True
Colm
C
Morrissey
Eva
E
Corey
Robert L
RL
Vessella
Ruth
R
Dumpit
Peter S
PS
Nelson
Erin L
EL
Maresh
Vei
V
Mah
Mohammed
M
Alavi
Sara R
SR
Kim
Lora
L
Bagryanova
Steve
S
Horvath
David
D
Chia
Lee
L
Goodglick
Alvin Y
AY
Liu
D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009088:Mucoproteins; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D010641:Phenotype; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
C502296:AGR2 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009088:Mucoproteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D015260:Neprilysin