Postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or cardiac valve surgery: intraoperative use of landiolol.
BACKGROUND
Landiolol hydrochloride is a new β-adrenergic blocker with a pharmacological profile that suggests it can be administered safely to patients who have sinus tachycardia or tachyarrhythmia and who require heart rate reduction. This study aimed to investigate whether intraoperative administration of landiolol could reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery.


METHODS
Of the 200 consecutive patients whose records could be retrieved between October 2006 and September 2007, we retrospectively reviewed a total of 105 patients who met the inclusion criteria: no previous permanent/persistent AF, no permanent pacemaker, no renal insufficiency requiring dialysis, and no reactive airway disease, etc. Landiolol infusion was started after surgery had commenced, at an infusion rate of 1 μg/kg/min, titrated upward in 3-5 μg/kg/min increments. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those who received intraoperative β-blocker therapy with landiolol (landiolol group) and those who did not receive any β-blockers during surgery (control group). An unpaired t test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare between-group differences in mean values and categorical data, respectively.


RESULTS
Seventeen of the 105 patients (16.2%) developed postoperative atrial fibrillation: 5/57 (8.8%) in the landiolol group and 12/48 (25%) in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.03). The incidence of AF after valve surgery and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting was lower in the landiolol group, although the difference between the groups was not statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
Our retrospective review demonstrated a marked reduction of postoperative AF in those who received landiolol intraoperatively. A prospective study of intraoperative landiolol for preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation is warranted.
Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan. n-kazu@nms.ac.jp
Kazuhiro
K
Nakanishi
Shinhiro
S
Takeda
Chol
C
Kim
Shusuke
S
Kohda
Atsuhiro
A
Sakamoto
D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009025:Morpholines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D009025:Morpholines; C077049:landiolol; D014508:Urea