Angular momentum during unexpected multidirectional perturbations delivered while walking.
This study investigated the hypothesis that the coupled contribution of all body segments to the whole-body response during both walking and managing unexpected perturbations is characterized by similar features which do not depend on the laterality (i.e., right versus left sides), but can be influenced by the direction (e.g., north, east, south, etc.) of the perturbation. The whole-body angular momentum was estimated as summation of segmental angular momenta, while 15 young adults managed ten unexpected unilateral perturbations during walking. Then, the Principal component analysis was used to extract primitive features describing intersegment coordination. Results showed that intersegment coupling was similar even though the reactive response to the perturbations elicited more consistent motor schemes across body segments than during walking, especially in the frontal plane. The direction of the perturbation significantly affected angular momentum regulation documenting the attitude of the central nervous system to interpret multiple sensory inputs in order to produce context-dependent reactive responses. With respect to the side, results highlighted anisotropic features of the elicited motor schemes that seemed to depend on subjects' dominance. Finally, results confirm that the coordination of upper and lower body segments is synergistically achieved strengthening the hypothesis that it may result from common neural pathways.
The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56026-Pontedera (PI), Italy. d.martelli@sssup.it
Dario
D
Martelli
Vito
V
Monaco
Lorenzo
L
Bassi Luciani
Silvestro
S
Micera
D000054:Acceleration; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004735:Energy Transfer / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D012399:Rotation; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods*