On the cause and control of residual voltage generated by electrical stimulation of neural tissue.
Functional electrical stimulation of neural tissue is traditionally performed with symmetric cathodic-first biphasic pulses of current through an electrode/electrolyte interface. When the interface is modeled by a series R-C circuit, as is sometimes done for stimulator circuit design, the appearance of a net residual voltage across the electrode cannot be explained. Residual voltage can cause polarization of the electrode and pose a problem for safe electrical stimulation. This paper aims to (1) theoretically explain one reason for the residual voltage, which is the inclusion of the Faradaic impedance (2) suggest a simple dynamic feedback mechanism to eliminate residual voltage.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Institute of Complex Engineered Systems (ICES), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. ashwatik@andrew.cmu.edu
Ashwati
A
Krishnan
Shawn K
SK
Kelly
D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004560:Electricity; D004566:Electrodes; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted