Effects of synchronous versus asynchronous mode of propulsion on wheelchair basketball sprinting.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to first investigate synchronous (SYN) versus asynchronous (ASY) mode of propulsion and, second, investigate the wheel camber effects on sprinting performance as well as temporal parameters.


METHODS
Seven wheelchair basketball players performed four maximal eight-second sprints on a wheelchair ergometer. They repeated the test according to two modes of propulsion (SYN and ASY) and two wheel cambers (9° and 15°).


RESULTS
The mean maximal velocity and push power output was greater in the synchronous mode compared to the asynchronous mode for both camber angles. However, the fluctuation in the velocity profile is inferior for ASY versus SYN mode for both camber angles. Greater push time/cycle time (Pt/Ct) and arm frequency (AF) for synchronous mode versus asynchronous mode and inversely, lesser Ct and rest time (Rt) values for the synchronous mode, for which greater velocity were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
SYN mode leads to better performance than ASY mode in terms of maximal propulsion velocity. However, ASY propulsion allows greater continuity of the hand-rim force application, reducing fluctuations in the velocity profile. The camber angle had no effect on ASY and SYN mean maximal velocity and push power output.


CONCLUSIONS
The study of wheelchair propulsion strategies is important for better understanding physiological and biomechanical impacts of wheelchair propulsion for individuals with disabilities. From a kinematical point of view, this study highlights synchronous mode of propulsion to be more efficient, with regards to mean maximal velocity reaching during maximal sprinting exercises. Even if this study focuses on well-trained wheelchair athletes, results from this study could complement the knowledge on the physiological and biomechanical adaptations to wheelchair propulsion and therefore, might be interesting for wheelchair modifications for purposes of rehabilitation.
Laboratoire HANDIBIO "Laboratoire de Modélisation et Ingéniérie des Handicaps" , EA 4322, Université du Sud Toulon Var, Batiment Z, La Garde Cedex , France .
Arnaud
A
Faupin
Benoit
B
Borel
Christophe
C
Meyer
Philippe
P
Gorce
Eric
E
Watelain
D000328:Adult; D001490:Basketball / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D016552:Ergometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D014910:Wheelchairs / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult