Stress in nurses: stress-related affect and its determinants examined over the nursing day.
BACKGROUND
Nurses are a stressed group and this may affect their health and work performance. The determinants of occupational stress in nurses and other occupational groups have almost invariably been examined in between subject studies.


OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine if the main determinants of occupation stress, i.e. demand, control, effort and reward, operate within nurses.


METHODS
A real time study using personal digital-assistant-based ecological momentary assessment to measure affect and its hypothesised determinants every 90 min in 254 nurses over three nursing shifts. The measures were negative affect, positive affect, demand/effort, control and reward.


RESULTS
While the effects varied in magnitude between people, in general increased negative affect was predicted by high demand/effort, low control and low reward. Control and reward moderated the effects of demand/effort. High positive affect was predicted by high demand/effort, control and reward.


CONCLUSIONS
The same factors are associated with variations in stress-related affect within nurses as between.
School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. d.johnston@abdn.ac.uk
Derek W
DW
Johnston
Martyn C
MC
Jones
Kathryn
K
Charles
Sharon K
SK
McCann
Lorna
L
McKee
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D016272:Occupational Health; D012201:Reward; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*