Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of tryptanthrins as antitubercular agents.
The natural product tryptanthrin (1a) represents a potential lead for new tuberculosis (TB) drugs since tryptanthrin and its synthetic analogues possess potent in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, in spite of their in vitro activity, none of these agents have been shown to be efficacious in vivo against animal models of TB. Described herein are syntheses of new tryptanthrin analogues together with a systematic investigation of their in vitro antitubercular activity and ADME properties followed by pharmacokinetic characterization in rodents for the most promising compounds. Those with the best potency and oral bioavailability were progressed to evaluations of efficacy against acute murine TB. The work aimed to prove the concept that this compound class can limit growth of Mtb during infection as well as to establish the SAR for in vitro activity against Mtb and the range of in vitro ADME parameters for this class of natural products. Novel C-11-deoxy (5b) and A-ring-saturated (6) tryptanthrin analogues were discovered that maintained activity against Mtb and showed improved solubility compared to tryptanthrin as well as evidence of oral bioavailability in rodents. However, neither 5b nor 6 demonstrated efficacy against acute murine TB following administration at doses up to 400 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. Although 5b and 6 failed to inhibit replication or kill Mtb in vivo, they illuminate a path to new structural variations of the tryptanthrin scaffold that may maximize the potential of this class of compounds against TB.
Cancer and Infectious Diseases Therapeutics Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea.
Jae-Min
JM
Hwang
Taegwon
T
Oh
Takushi
T
Kaneko
Anna M
AM
Upton
Scott G
SG
Franzblau
Zhenkun
Z
Ma
Sang-Nae
SN
Cho
Pilho
P
Kim
D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011799:Quinazolines; C046243:tryptanthrine; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System