Mixed phosphine/N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic use in aqueous Suzuki-Miyaura reactions.
A series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/PR3 palladium(II) and palladium(0) complexes has been synthesized and fully characterized. X-ray crystallographic data have allowed comparison of ligand steric properties. The NHC ligand was found to vary its steric properties as a function of the phosphine co-ligand. These complexes display interesting catalytic properties in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction performed in aqueous media. The pre-catalyst [PdCl2(IPr)(XPhos)] (IPr = N,N'-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; XPhos = 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-triisopropylbiphenyl) was found to be the most efficient system, promoting the coupling of a wide range of aryl chlorides with boronic acids in aqueous media with a typical catalyst loading of 0.03 mol%.
EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
Thibault E
TE
Schmid
Dale C
DC
Jones
Olivier
O
Songis
Olivier
O
Diebolt
Marc R L
MR
Furst
Alexandra M Z
AM
Slawin
Catherine S J
CS
Cazin