Liquid meal composition, postprandial satiety hormones, and perceived appetite and satiety in obese women during acute caloric restriction.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare postprandial satiety regulating hormone responses (pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)) and visual analog scale- (VAS) assessed perceived appetite and satiety between liquid high-protein (HP) and high-carbohydrate (HC) meals in obese women during acute (24-h) caloric restriction.


METHODS
Eleven obese premenopausal women completed two conditions in random order in which they consumed 1500 calories as six 250-calorie HP meals or six 250-calorie HC meals over a 12-h period. Blood samples were taken at baseline and every 20 min thereafter and analyzed for PP and PYY concentrations. At these same points, perceived hunger and fullness were assessed with a VAS. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was used to compare postprandial responses.


RESULTS
The 12-h PP and PYY iAUC were greater (P≤0.05) during the HP condition (PP: 4727±1306 pg/ml×12 h, PYY: 1373±357 pg/ml×12 h) compared with the HC condition (PP: 2300±528 pg/ml×12 h, PYY: 754±246 pg/ml×12 h). Perceived hunger and fullness were not different between conditions (P>0.05). The greatest changes in PYY and perceived fullness occurred after the morning meals during both conditions.


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that in obese women during acute caloric restriction before weight loss, i) liquid HP meals, compared with HC meals, result in greater postprandial PP and PYY concentrations, an effect not associated with differential appetite or satiety responses, and ii) meal-induced changes in PYY and satiety are greatest during the morning period, regardless of dietary macronutrient composition.
Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
Timothy D
TD
Heden
Ying
Y
Liu
Lauren
L
Sims
Monica L
ML
Kearney
Adam T
AT
Whaley-Connell
Anand
A
Chockalingam
Kevin C
KC
Dellsperger
Timothy J
TJ
Fairchild
Jill A
JA
Kanaley
D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D012527:Satiation / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004151:Dipeptides; C042696:tyrosyltyrosine; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide