Salivary cotinine concentrations and prevalence of periodontal disease in young Japanese women: the Kyushu Okinawa maternal and child health study.
BACKGROUND
The authors investigated the relationship between objectively assessed tobacco smoke exposure and periodontal disease.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 1,103 women with a mean age of 31.5 years. Information on potential confounding factors was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Periodontal disease was defined as positive if a woman had at least one tooth with a probing depth of ≥ 3.5 mm. Exposure to tobacco smoke was determined based on salivary cotinine concentration. Adjustment was made for age, region of residence, household income, education, toothbrushing frequency, and use of an interdental brush.


RESULTS
The prevalence of periodontal disease was 11.3%. Salivary cotinine concentration was independently positively associated with the prevalence of periodontal disease: the adjusted odds ratio for every 1-unit (ng/mL) increase in salivary cotinine was 1.004 (95% confidence interval: 1.000 to 1.007).


CONCLUSIONS
Salivary cotinine concentrations were positively associated with the prevalence of periodontal disease among young women.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Keiko
K
Tanaka
Ryoichi
R
Matsuse
Yoshihiro
Y
Miyake
Takashi
T
Hanioka
Masashi
M
Arakawa
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000032:analysis; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012906:Smoke; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012906:Smoke; D003367:Cotinine