Dietary proportions of carbohydrates, fat, and protein and risk of oesophageal cancer by histological type.
BACKGROUND
Dietary habits influence the risk of cancer of the oesophagus and oesophago-gastric junction, but the role of proportions of the main dietary macronutrients carbohydrates, fats and proteins is uncertain.


METHODS
Data was derived from a nationwide Swedish population-based case-control study conducted in 1995-1997, in which case ascertainment was rapid, and all cases were uniformly classified. Information on the subjects' history of dietary intake was collected in personal interviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression, with adjustment for potentially confounding factors.


RESULTS
Included were 189 oesophageal adenocarcinomas, 262 oesophago-gastric adenocarcinomas, 167 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and 820 control subjects. Regarding oesophageal or oesophago-gastric junctional adenocarcinoma, a high dietary proportion of carbohydrates decreased the risk (OR 0.50, CI 0.34-0.73), and a high portion of fat increased the risk (OR 1.96, CI 1.34-2.87), while a high proportion of protein did not influence the risk (OR 1. 08, 95% CI 0.75-1.56). Regarding oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the single macronutrients did not influence the risk statistically significantly.


CONCLUSIONS
A diet with a low proportion of carbohydrates and a high proportion of fat might increase the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Katarina
K
Lagergren
Anna
A
Lindam
Jesper
J
Lagergren
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004435:Eating; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013223:Statistics as Topic
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins