Economic analyses to support decisions about HPV vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: a consensus report and guide for analysts.
Low- and middle-income countries need to consider economic issues such as cost-effectiveness, affordability and sustainability before introducing a program for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. However, many such countries lack the technical capacity and data to conduct their own analyses. Analysts informing policy decisions should address the following questions: 1) Is an economic analysis needed? 2) Should analyses address costs, epidemiological outcomes, or both? 3) If costs are considered, what sort of analysis is needed? 4) If outcomes are considered, what sort of model should be used? 5) How complex should the analysis be? 6) How should uncertainty be captured? 7) How should model results be communicated? Selecting the appropriate analysis is essential to ensure that all the important features of the decision problem are correctly represented, but that the analyses are not more complex than necessary. This report describes the consensus of an expert group convened by the World Health Organization, prioritizing key issues to be addressed when considering economic analyses to support HPV vaccine introduction in these countries.
Modelling and Economics Unit, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Mark
M
Jit
Carol
C
Levin
Marc
M
Brisson
Ann
A
Levin
Stephen
S
Resch
Johannes
J
Berkhof
Jane
J
Kim
Raymond
R
Hutubessy
D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000379:methods; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000191:economics*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods
D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines