Determination of underlying causes in asymptomatic, early-stage renal diseases by dipstick test.
OBJECTIVE
To prevent possible chronic kidney diseases in healthy school- age children by screening for hematuria and proteinuria using a urine strip.


METHODS
The incidence of hematuria and proteinuria was determined in 1848 healthy school-age children aged 7 to 14 years by urine screening in the eastern region of Turkey in 2008. Cases with persistent hematuria and/or proteinuria were referred to a pediatric nephrologist, and further examinations were carried out.


RESULTS
Isolated hematuria, isolated proteinuria, and combined hematuria-proteinuria were found in 92 (4.9%), 16 (0.8%) and 10 (0.5%) patients, respectively. In addition, 11.9% (11/92) of cases of isolated hematuria and 40% (4/10) of cases of combined hematuria- proteinuria were observed to have persisted. Persistent hematuria and persistent hematuria-proteinuria were found in 11 (0.5%) and 4 (0.2%) patients, respectively. In these cases, underlying causes were found: renal stone disease, hypercalciuria, urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux, atrophic kidney, and IgA nephropathy.


CONCLUSIONS
According to this study, cases with persistent hematuria should be examined especially in terms of renal stones, hypercalciuria, and urinary tract infection.
1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce,  2Department of Pediatric Nephrology, 3Department of Pediat- rics; School of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van;  Turkey.
Mesut
M
Okur
Sukru
S
Arslan
Ahmet
A
Sami Guven
Hayrettin
H
Temel
Mehmet
M
Selcuk Bektas
Lokman
L
Ustyol
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D011934:Reagent Strips; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
D011934:Reagent Strips