Health status and preventative behaviors of immigrants by gender and origin: a Portuguese cross-sectional study.
Migration has been associated with a greater vulnerability in health. Migrants, especially women, go through several experiences during the migration process and in the host countries that ultimately put their health at risk. This study examines self-reported health status and preventive behaviors among female and male immigrants in Portugal, and identifies sociodemographic and behavioral factors underlying gender differences. A sample of 1375 immigrants (51.1% women) was studied. Data were analyzed through logistic regression. Good health status was reported by 66.7% of men and by 56.6% of women (P < 0.001). Gender differences were also found across preventative behaviors. Among women and men, reported good health was associated with younger age, African and Brazilian origin (compared to Eastern European), secondary/higher education, no chronic disease, and concern about eating habits. Among women, good health was also associated with perceived sufficient income, no experience of mental illness, and regular physical exercise. When developing health programs to improve immigrants' health, special attention must be given to existing gender inequalities, and socioeconomic and cultural context, in accordance with their experience of living in the host country over time.
Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine/Center for Malaria and Other Tropical Diseases, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Sónia
S
Dias
Ana
A
Gama
Maria O
MO
Martins
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011174:Portugal; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
Portugal; gender; health status; immigrants; preventive behaviors