Antipsychotic drugs in cocaine dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs in subjects with cocaine dependence is presented. Twelve randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials involving 681 patients were included. Five outcome measures were evaluated: number of dropouts, cocaine use assessed by means of urine benzoylecgonine tests, self-reported cocaine use, craving and Addiction Severity Index. On average, 48% of the enrolled participants were lost to follow-up. In comparison to placebo, antipsychotics did not significantly reduce cocaine use (WMD=0.01, 95%CI=-0.12 to 0.13) or improve retention in treatment (RR 0.91, 95%CI=0.82-1.02). Risperidone reduced slightly dropouts in comparison to placebo (RR=0.87; 95%CI=0.79-0.97). To date there is insufficient evidence to justify the use of antipsychotic drugs for cocaine dependence.
Human Pharmacology Unit, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-IMIM, UCICEC-CAIBER, Parc de Salut MAR, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Yolanda
Y
Alvarez
Clara
C
Pérez-Mañá
Marta
M
Torrens
Magí
M
Farré
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D003042:Cocaine; D018967:Risperidone