Emergent surface tension in vibrated, noncohesive granular media.
We describe experiments and simulations carried out to investigate spinodal decomposition in a vibrated, dry granular system. The dynamics is found to be similar to that of systems evolving under curvature-driven diffusion, which suggests the presence of an effective surface tension. By studying quasi-2D droplets in the steady state, we find behavior consistent with Laplace's equation, demonstrating the existence of an actual surface tension. Detailed measurements of the pressure tensor in the interfacial region show that the surface tension results predominantly from an anisotropy in the kinetic energy part of the pressure tensor, in contrast to thermodynamic systems where it arises from either the attractive interaction between particles or entropic considerations.
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
James P D
JP
Clewett
Klaus
K
Roeller
R M
RM
Bowley
Stephan
S
Herminghaus
Michael R
MR
Swift