Magnetic nanoparticles for tumor imaging and therapy: a so-called theranostic system.
In this review, we discussed the establishment of a so-called "theranostic" system by instituting the basic principles including the use of: [1] magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MION)-based drug carrier; [2] intra-arterial (I.A.) magnetic targeting; [3] macromolecular drugs with unmatched therapeutic potency and a repetitive reaction mechanism; [4] cell-penetrating peptide-mediated cellular drug uptake; and [5] heparin/protamine-regulated prodrug protection and tumor-specific drug re-activation into one single drug delivery system to overcome all possible obstacles, thereby achieving a potentially non-invasive, magnetic resonance imaging-guided, clinically enabled yet minimally toxic brain tumor drug therapy. By applying a topography-optimized I.A. magnetic targeting to dodge rapid organ clearance of the carrier during its first passage into the circulation, tumor capture of MION was enriched by >350 folds over that by conventional passive enhanced permeability and retention targeting. By adopting the prodrug strategy, we observed by far the first experimental success in a rat model of delivering micro-gram quantity of the large β-galactosidase model protein selectively into a brain tumor but not to the ipsi- or contra-lateral normal brain regions. With the therapeutic regimens of most toxin/siRNA drugs to fully (>99.9%) eradicate a tumor being in the nano-molar range, the prospects of reaching this threshold become practically accomplishable.
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
Huining
H
He
Allan
A
David
Beata
B
Chertok
Adam
A
Cole
Kyuri
K
Lee
Jian
J
Zhang
Jianxin
J
Wang
Yongzhuo
Y
Huang
Victor C
VC
Yang
D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
D004337:Drug Carriers; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles