Mild improvement in symptoms and pulmonary function in a long-term follow-up of patients with toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma.
BACKGROUND
Long-term follow-up of diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma has been occasionally reported.


METHODS
We studied the outcome of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma in 46 patients at diagnosis and after a follow-up of 11 ± 3.6 years. Symptoms, anti-asthma therapy, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine were assessed.


RESULTS
A significant improvement in FEV1 (% predicted) and PD20FEV1 methacholine was observed at follow-up in comparison with diagnosis. Anti-asthma treatment was performed by 42% of patients at diagnosis and by 70% at follow-up. At the time of follow-up, 32 subjects had been removed from exposure for 6.0 ± 6.9 years, whereas 14 subjects continued to work with reduced exposure to TDI. There was a significant reduction in the prevalence of attacks of shortness of breath and dyspnoea at follow-up, but only in unexposed patients. PD20FEV1 was significantly improved only in patients with a lower FEV1 at diagnosis and in those who have ceased work. Logistic regression analysis, using different models with some independent variables, showed that there were no significant determinants of improvement in FEV1 at follow-up, while a shorter duration of symptoms before diagnosis was a significant predictor of improvement in PD20FEV1 at follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Asthma-like symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway obstruction improved, but did not normalize, after a long-term follow-up with cessation or reduction in TDI exposure, mainly in subjects with an early diagnosis of occupational asthma and in patients with a lower baseline FEV1 no longer exposed to TDI.
Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy.
D
D
Talini
F
F
Novelli
E
E
Bacci
F
F
Costa
F L
FL
Dente
A
A
Di Franco
L
L
Malagrinò
B
B
Vagaggini
P
P
Paggiaro
D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059366:Asthma, Occupational / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014051:Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate / Q000276:immunology / Q000506:poisoning*
D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D014051:Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate