A mathematical model for microRNA in lung cancer.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Lack of early detection and limited options for targeted therapies are both contributing factors to the dismal statistics observed in lung cancer. Thus, advances in both of these areas are likely to lead to improved outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) represent a class of non-coding RNAs that have the capacity for gene regulation and may serve as both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer. Abnormal expression patterns for several miRNAs have been identified in lung cancers. Specifically, let-7 and miR-9 are deregulated in both lung cancers and other solid malignancies. In this paper, we construct a mathematical model that integrates let-7 and miR-9 expression into a signaling pathway to generate an in silico model for the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Simulations of the model demonstrate that EGFR and Ras mutations in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), which lead to the process of EMT, result in miR-9 upregulation and let-7 suppression, and this process is somewhat robust against random input into miR-9 and more strongly robust against random input into let-7. We elected to validate our model in vitro by testing the effects of EGFR inhibition on downstream MYC, miR-9 and let-7a expression. Interestingly, in an EGFR mutated lung cancer cell line, treatment with an EGFR inhibitor (Gefitinib) resulted in a concentration specific reduction in c-MYC and miR-9 expression while not changing let-7a expression. Our mathematical model explains the signaling link among EGFR, MYC, and miR-9, but not let-7. However, very little is presently known about factors that regulate let-7. It is quite possible that when such regulating factors become known and integrated into our model, they will further support our mathematical model.
Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
Hye-Won
HW
Kang
Melissa
M
Crawford
Muller
M
Fabbri
Gerard
G
Nuovo
Michela
M
Garofalo
S Patrick
SP
Nana-Sinkam
Avner
A
Friedman
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003198:Computer Simulation; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077156:Gefitinib; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C541874:MIRN92 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D011799:Quinazolines; C487931:mirnlet7 microRNA, human; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras); D000077156:Gefitinib