Monitoring and ordering practices for human papillomavirus in cervical cytology: findings from the College of American Pathologists Gynecologic Cytopathology Quality Consensus Conference working group 5.
BACKGROUND
The association of certain types of human papillomavirus with cervical carcinoma is well established. Human papillomavirus testing is now routinely used to screen for cervical carcinoma and precursor lesions of the cervix (cotesting and reflex testing) and these results are considered in patient triage and management.


OBJECTIVE
To provide information about current laboratory practices in human papillomavirus testing and consensus best practice statements based on results from the College of American Pathologists' laboratory-based survey funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


METHODS
The College of American Pathologists submitted a paper-based survey to 1245 laboratories in the United States. After review of the initial results, follow-up Web-based survey results, and a literature review by an expert working group, consensus best practice statements were constructed by working group members for presentation at a national consensus conference. These best practice statements were discussed and then voted upon by conference participants.


RESULTS
A total of 525 laboratories responded to survey questions about human papillomavirus ordering and monitoring practices, whereas 546 responded to the overall survey. In most laboratories (87.6%), the high-risk human papillomavirus test is ordered as a reflex test by providers. A minority of laboratories (11.9%) routinely bundle low- and high-risk human papillomavirus tests. Most laboratories (84.4%) do not limit testing in patients with atypical squamous cells to women older than 20 years. More than half of laboratories (53.3%) monitor human papillomavirus positive rates in Papanicolaou tests with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance.


CONCLUSIONS
It is not appropriate for laboratories to offer low-risk human papillomavirus testing for any clinical circumstance in gynecologic cytology. Laboratories should not order human papillomavirus testing to resolve diagnostic discrepancies. It is a valuable broad measure of laboratory quality to monitor the human papillomavirus-positive rates in Papanicolaou tests with atypical squamous cells.
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. boothc1@ccf.org
Christine N
CN
Booth
Christine
C
Bashleben
Carol A
CA
Filomena
Marilee M
MM
Means
Patricia G
PG
Wasserman
Rhona J
RJ
Souers
Michael R
MR
Henry
D003585:Cell Biology / Q000592:standards; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006176:Gynecology / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories / Q000592:standards; D059021:Laboratory Proficiency Testing / Q000592:standards; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014481:United States; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000592:standards*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis