Quantitative determination of clopidogrel and its metabolites in biological samples: a mini-review.
Clopidogrel has been applied in antiplatelet therapy since 1998 and is the thienopyridine with the largest clinical experience. By 2011, clopidogrel (Plavix(®)) was the second top-selling drug in the world. Following complete patent expiry in 2012/2013 its use is expected to grow even further from generics entering the market. Prefaced by a brief description of clopidogrel metabolism, this review analyzes analytical methods addressing the quantification of clopidogrel and its metabolites in biological samples. Techniques that have been applied to analyze human plasma or serum are predominantly LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. The lowest level of clopidogrel quantification that has been achieved is 5pg/mL, the shortest runtime is 1.5min and almost 100% recovery has been reported using solid-phase extraction for sample preparation.
University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. paul.elsinghorst@uni-bonn.de
Paul W
PW
Elsinghorst
D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D006801:Humans; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry
C528640:clopidogrel carboxylic acid; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine