title: A practical guide to quantify cell adhesion using single-cell force spectroscopy.
abstract: Quantitative analysis of cellular interactions with the extracellular environment is necessary to gain an understanding of how cells regulate adhesion in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, and how changes in cell adhesion contribute to diseases. We provide a practical guide to quantify the adhesive strength of living animal cells to various substrates using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS). We describe how to control cell state and attachment to the AFM cantilever, how to functionalize supports for SCFS measurements, how to conduct cell adhesion measurements, and how to analyze and interpret the recorded SCFS data. This guide is intended to assist newcomers in the field to perform AFM-based SCFS measurements.
authors: Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany. friedrichs@ipfdd.de
authors: Jens
authors: J
authors: Friedrichs
authors: Kyle R
authors: KR
authors: Legate
authors: Rajib
authors: R
authors: Schubert
authors: Mitasha
authors: M
authors: Bharadwaj
authors: Carsten
authors: C
authors: Werner
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Müller
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Benoit
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000737:chemistry*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004548:Elasticity; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D055767:Immobilized Proteins