title: Aerobic to anaerobic transition in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) infected with different miracidial doses of Echinostoma paraensei (Lie and Basch, 1967) by high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: The glucose content in the hemolymph and glycogen content in the digestive gland-gonad complex (DGG) and cephalopedal mass of Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to different parasite doses (5 and 50 miracidia) of Echinostoma paraensei as well as the activity of lactate dehydrogenase were evaluated. HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) analyses were also performed to determine the concentrations of four organic acids (oxalic, succinic, pyruvic and lactic) present in the hemolymph of infected and uninfected snails, to better understand the effect of infection on the host's energetic/oxidative metabolism. The snails were dissected 1-4 weeks after infection to collect the hemolymph and separate the tissues. There was alteration in the glycemia of the snails at both parasite doses, with a significant increase of glycemia from of the third week after infection in comparison to the control group. Changes were also observed in the lactate dehydrogenase activity, with increased activity as the infection progressed. In parallel, there was a decrease in the glycogen content in the storage tissues, with a markedly greater reduction in the digestive gland-gonad complex (larval development site) in comparison with the cephalopedal mass. Additionally, the infection by both miracidial doses resulted in an increase of oxalic and lactic acid levels, as well as in a decline of piruvic and succinic acid levels in B. glabrata, thus explaining the reduction of the oxidative decarboxylation rate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and acceleration of the anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates in the snails, through lactic fermentation, which is essential to ensure energy supply and success of the infection.
authors: Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km7, BR 465, Antiga estrada Rio-São Paulo, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. victortunholi@yahoo.com.br
authors: Victor Menezes
authors: VM
authors: Tunholi
authors: Vinícius Menezes
authors: VM
authors: Tunholi-Alves
authors: Danilo
authors: D
authors: Lustrino
authors: Rosane N
authors: RN
authors: Castro
authors: Luiza D'Oliveira
authors: LD
authors: Sant'Ana
authors: Juberlan Silva
authors: JS
authors: Garcia
authors: Arnaldo
authors: A
authors: Maldonado
authors: Marcos Antônio José
authors: MA
authors: dos Santos
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: de Lurdes de Azevedo Rodrigues
authors: Jairo
authors: J
authors: Pinheiro
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006224:Cricetinae; D004199:Disease Vectors; D004449:Echinostoma / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006003:Glycogen / Q000032:analysis; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000737:chemistry; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008647:Mesocricetus; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D006003:Glycogen; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D019802:Succinic Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005947:Glucose