title: Immunotherapy of invasive fungal infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
abstract: Despite the availability of new antifungal compounds, invasive fungal infection remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adults undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Allogeneic HSCT recipients suffer from a long lasting defect of different arms of the immune system, which increases the risk for and deteriorates the prognosis of invasive fungal infections. In turn, advances in understanding these immune deficits have resulted in promising strategies to enhance or restore critical immune functions in allogeneic HSCT recipients. Potential approaches include the administration of granulocytes, since neutropenia is the single most important risk factor for invasive fungal infection, and preliminary clinical results suggest a benefit of adoptively transferred donor-derived antifungal T cells. In vitro data and animal studies demonstrate an antifungal effect of natural killer cells, but clinical data are lacking to date. This review summarizes and critically discusses the available data of immunotherapeutic strategies in allogeneic HSCT recipients suffering from invasive fungal infection.
authors: Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Lehrnbecher
authors: Stanislaw
authors: S
authors: Schmidt
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Tramsen
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Klingebiel
keywords: T cell; allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; granulocyte; immunotherapy; invasive fungal infection; natural killer cell
references: Br J Haematol. 2001 Aug;114(2):422-32
references: 11529867
references: Cancer. 2004 Dec 15;101(12):2859-65
references: 15529309
references: Blood. 2011 Jul 28;118(4):1121-31
references: 21642594
references: Infect Immun. 2004 Dec;72(12):6817-25
references: 15557602
references: Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Feb 1;48(3):265-73
references: 19115967
references: Blood. 2005 Dec 15;106(13):4397-406
references: 16123217
references: Biochem Soc Trans. 1997 May;25(2):687-90
references: 9191183
references: J Immunol Methods. 2008 Jun 1;335(1-2):41-5
references: 18395221
references: J Clin Invest. 2003 Dec;112(12):1862-70
references: 14679181
references: J Clin Oncol. 2004 May 1;22(9):1696-705
references: 15117992
references: Br J Haematol. 2004 Feb;124(4):488-98
references: 14984500
references: J Immunol. 2008 Apr 15;180(8):5558-68
references: 18390740
references: Blood. 2006 Mar 15;107(6):2562-9
references: 16322466
references: Cytotherapy. 2013 Mar;15(3):344-51
references: 23579059
references: Bone Marrow Transplant. 2008 Nov;42(10):679-84
references: 18695660
references: Mycopathologia. 2009 Dec;168(6):283-97
references: 19343534
references: Int J Immunopharmacol. 1990;12(6):639-45
references: 2177039
references: Ann Hematol. 2005 Oct;84(11):734-41
references: 15951986
references: Br J Haematol. 2004 Feb;124(4):407-20
references: 14984491
references: Blood. 2012 Feb 9;119(6):1353-5
references: 22110248
references: J Immunol. 2009 Apr 1;182(7):4306-12
references: 19299730
references: Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2006;19(4):811-24
references: 16997185
references: Blood. 2009 Aug 27;114(9):1958-67
references: 19443656
references: Blood. 2002 Dec 15;100(13):4521-8
references: 12393638
references: Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 1;45(9):1161-70
references: 17918077
references: J Immunol. 2011 Aug 1;187(3):1369-76
references: 21697457
references: Med Mycol. 2005 May;43 Suppl 1:S49-58
references: 16110792
references: J Infect Dis. 2000 Jun;181(6):2003-10
references: 10837182
references: Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Apr;26(4):781-803; quiz 804-5
references: 9564455
references: Blood. 2011 Jun 2;117(22):5881-91
references: 21441461
references: Bone Marrow Transplant. 2009 Jan;43(1):13-9
references: 18762764
references: Transpl Infect Dis. 2013 Aug;15(4):430-4
references: 23647945
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Aug;45(8):2383-5
references: 11451704
references: Bone Marrow Transplant. 2009 Sep;44(6):361-70
references: 19308042
references: Immunobiology. 2013 Jul;218(7):939-44
references: 23201314
references: Cytotherapy. 2012 Oct;14(9):1119-30
references: 22866666
references: J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011 Aug;33(6):e220-5
references: 21792027
references: Support Care Cancer. 2006 Sep;14(9):910-6
references: 16622651
references: J Infect Dis. 2011 Feb 1;203(3):430-5
references: 21208932
references: Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999 Apr;12(2):310-50
references: 10194462
references: Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 Oct;15 Suppl 5:37-40
references: 19754755
references: Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Apr 15;50(8):1091-100
references: 20218877
references: Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005 Oct;36(7):621-9
references: 16044133
references: J Immunol. 2009 Aug 15;183(4):2407-14
references: 19625642