title: Effect of occupational lead exposure on α- and γ-tocopherol concentration in plasma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Changes in enzymatic antioxidant activity are frequently observed in workers occupationally exposed to lead. Few studies have investigated the influence of lead on the non-enzymatic antioxidant system. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of occupational exposure to lead on the plasma concentration of two hydrophobic forms of vitamin E: α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 401 healthy men, aged 19-62, participated in the study. In total, 340 of these subjects were employed at the Mine and Metallurgical Plant in southern Poland. The workers who were occupationally exposed to lead were divided into quartiles (groups of 85 subjects). The lead concentrations in the blood of the subjects in the control group and in the lead exposure quartiles correspond to the following ranges: 10-72 μg/l (control group); 82-206 μg/l (Q1); 209-308 μg/l (Q2); 308-394 μg/l (Q3) and 395-644 μg/l (Q4), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were observed only for the plasma concentration of γ-tocopherol, which differed between the control group and Q1 (by 24.1%, p=0.0368), between Q1 and Q3 (by -18.8%, p=0.0115) and between Q1 and Q4 (by -25.7%, p=0.0002). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the statistically significant, predictive properties of the γ-tocopherol plasma concentration were as follows: triglycerides (β=0.440)> age (β=0.131)> whole cholesterol (β=0.117)> blood lead concentration (β=-0.108). For α-tocopherol, significant prognostic properties were triglycerides and total cholesterol (β=0.485 and β=0.399, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational exposure to lead is strongly correlated with the concentration of γ-tocopherol but not α-tocopherol.
authors: Department of Chemical Hazards and Genetic Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Prokopowicz
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Sobczak
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Szuła
authors: Edmund
authors: E
authors: Anczyk
authors: Jolanta
authors: J
authors: Kurek
authors: Zofia
authors: Z
authors: Olszowy
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Radek
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Pawlas
authors: Patryk
authors: P
authors: Ochota
authors: Izabela
authors: I
authors: Szołtysek-Bołdys
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D011044:Poland; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood*; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014280:Triglycerides; D007854:Lead; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol; D002784:Cholesterol; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol