title: Interdependent network reciprocity in evolutionary games.
abstract: Besides the structure of interactions within networks, also the interactions between networks are of the outmost importance. We therefore study the outcome of the public goods game on two interdependent networks that are connected by means of a utility function, which determines how payoffs on both networks jointly influence the success of players in each individual network. We show that an unbiased coupling allows the spontaneous emergence of interdependent network reciprocity, which is capable to maintain healthy levels of public cooperation even in extremely adverse conditions. The mechanism, however, requires simultaneous formation of correlated cooperator clusters on both networks. If this does not emerge or if the coordination process is disturbed, network reciprocity fails, resulting in the total collapse of cooperation. Network interdependence can thus be exploited effectively to promote cooperation past the limits imposed by isolated networks, but only if the coordination between the interdependent networks is not disturbed.
authors: Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Attila
authors: A
authors: Szolnoki
authors: Matjaž
authors: M
authors: Perc
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2012 Jun;85(6 Pt 2):066134
references: 23005189
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2012 Dec;86(6 Pt 2):066107
references: 23368004
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2012 Nov;86(5 Pt 2):056113
references: 23214849
references: Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):213-6
references: 18615084
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2009 Nov;80(5 Pt 2):056109
references: 20365045
references: J Evol Biol. 2006 May;19(3):726-33
references: 16674569
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2007 Apr;75(4 Pt 2):045101
references: 17500945
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2002 Aug;66(2 Pt 1):021907
references: 12241214
references: Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Jan 14;106(2):028702
references: 21405257
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011 Mar;83(3 Pt 2):036101
references: 21517552
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2012 Dec;86(6 Pt 2):066103
references: 23368000
references: Chaos. 2011 Mar;21(1):016113
references: 21456855
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2008 Jan;77(1 Pt 1):011904
references: 18351873
references: Sci Rep. 2012;2:576
references: 22893854
references: Phys Life Rev. 2009 Dec;6(4):208-49
references: 20416850
references: Proc Biol Sci. 2007 Aug 7;274(1620):1815-21
references: 17504741
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2001 Mar;63(3 Pt 1):030901
references: 11308622
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 28;103(9):3490-4
references: 16484371
references: PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Apr 29;6(4):e1000758
references: 20454464
references: Phys Rev Lett. 2005 Aug 26;95(9):098104
references: 16197256
references: Phys Rev Lett. 2010 Jul 23;105(4):048701
references: 20867893
references: Physica A. 2010 Sep 15;389(18):3922-3931
references: 32288080
references: J Theor Biol. 2011 Jun 7;278(1):1-10
references: 21371480
references: Phys Rev Lett. 2012 Aug 17;109(7):078701
references: 23006406
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2015 Jul;92(1):012819
references: 26274237
references: Sci Rep. 2012;2:620
references: 22943006
references: Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):1025-8
references: 20393559
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2004 Jun;69(6 Pt 2):065102
references: 15244650
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2002 Nov;66(5 Pt 2):056118
references: 12513567
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011 Jun;83(6 Pt 2):065101
references: 21797429
references: Phys Rev Lett. 2006 Dec 22;97(25):258103
references: 17280398
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2007 Nov;76(5 Pt 2):056101
references: 18233712
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Aug 7;109(32):12922-6
references: 22773811
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2009 Aug;80(2 Pt 2):026121
references: 19792214
references: J Theor Biol. 2012 Apr 21;299:88-96
references: 21930134
references: Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2008 Jul;78(1 Pt 2):016104
references: 18764017
references: Biosystems. 2010 Feb;99(2):109-25
references: 19837129
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e32114
references: 22363804