title: Malocclusion and TMJ disorders in teenagers from  private and public schools in Mexico City.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify, among Mexican teenagers from public and private schools, the frequency, severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs, and their possible association with temporomandibular joint disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen-year-old students were recruited from public and private schools. Clinical findings were registered as follows: oral hygiene status with the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified, malocclusion using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), and TMJ disorders following WHO criteria. Negative binomial and logistic regression models were constructed for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 249 fifteen-year old students were included in the study (118 female 47.4%). 68% had a DAI score ≤ 25 (minor or no occlusal anomalies), 18% scored 26-30 (mild anomalies), 7% scored 31-35 (evident anomalies), and 6% scored ≥ 36 (major malocclusion). The most frequent anomalies were dental crowding in 50%, maxillary dental irregularity in 44.6%, mandible irregularity in 41.2% and excessive maxillary overjet in 37.8%. Among the students, 26.1% had clicking/muscle or TMJ pain, of these 12.3% showed pain during palpation. OHI-S > 1 was found in 34% of the participants. The negative binomial model showed an association between DAI score and TMJ disorders (P=0.041). Also the logistic regression model showed an association between malocclusion (DAI>25) and TMJ disorders (OR=2.58, p=0.002). Malocclusion was associated also with poor oral hygiene (OR=1.65, p=0.007), and with attendance to public schools (OR=1.97, p=0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMJ disorders and DAI scores were significantly associated. Screening/Diagnostic programs for orthodontic and TMJ-disorders are needed, to identify and offer treatment to teenagers with major malocclusion and TMJ/muscle pain.
authors: Health Attention Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico. leonor.sanchezperez@gmail.com
authors: Leonor
authors: L
authors: Sánchez-Pérez
authors: María-Esther
authors: ME
authors: Irigoyen-Camacho
authors: Nelly
authors: N
authors: Molina-Frechero
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Mendoza-Roaf
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Medina-Solís
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Acosta-Gío
authors: Gerardo
authors: G
authors: Maupomé
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008800:Mexico; D017149:Private Sector; D017150:Public Sector; D012574:Schools; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D014504:Urban Health
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