title: Individual saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids trigger distinct transcriptional networks in differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Saturated fatty acids (SFA) are widely thought to induce inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are purported to have the opposite effect; however, it is unclear if individual SFA and MUFA behave similarly. Our goal was to examine adipocyte transcriptional networks regulated by individual SFA (palmitic acid, PA; stearic acid, SA) and MUFA (palmitoleic acid, PMA; oleic acid, OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Differentiated preadipocytes were treated with either 250 µM PA, SA, PMA, or OA for 48 h. Gene expression was analyzed using microarrays and real-time RT-PCR. Data were compared with those of a previous study reporting AT gene expression in humans following the consumption of SFA- or MUFA-enriched diets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individual fatty acid treatments had significant effects on adipocyte gene expression. Functional analyses revealed that PA induced the TLR signalling pathway, while PMA had the opposite effect. SA and OA had similar effects, with increases in key metabolic pathways including mTOR and PPAR signalling and a reduction in TLR signalling. Ccl5 was validated as a candidate gene that may mediate the differential inflammatory effects of SFA and MUFA in AT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individual SFA and MUFA trigger distinct transcriptional responses in differentiated preadipocytes, with inflammatory and metabolic pathways particularly sensitive to these fatty acids.
authors: Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Brittany
authors: B
authors: Shaw
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Lambert
authors: Monica H T
authors: MH
authors: Wong
authors: Jessica C
authors: JC
authors: Ralston
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Stryjecki
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Mutch
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids