title: Substance-use in Childhood and Adolescence: A Brief Overview of Developmental Processes and their Clinical Implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current paper aims to review findings from developmental research that are related to adolescent substance-use and are considered key for improving theory and developing effective prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A selective literature review of relevant developmental studies on adolescent substance-use was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies in epidemiology and developmental science focusing on developmental onset, developmental transitions, comorbidity among disorders, and endophenotypes have identified important trends, risk-factors for and consequences of adolescent substance-use, which have informed theoretical models of addiction. Furthermore, they have informed clinical practice by identifying childhood disorders and personality characteristics that can be targeted preventatively before substance-use problems have their onset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Developmental research has contributed significantly to the understanding of aetiology and treatment of substance-use disorders. By targeting early liability factors rather than substance-use problems later in adolescence, interventions could reduce the adverse impact substance-use has on the developing brain as well as other associated harms.
authors: Centre de recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec.
authors: Natalie
authors: N
authors: Castellanos-Ryan
authors: Maeve
authors: M
authors: O'Leary-Barrett
authors: Patricia J
authors: PJ
authors: Conrod
keywords: adolescence; aetiology; development; prevention; substance-use
references: Psychol Bull. 1992 Jul;112(1):64-105
references: 1529040
references: Psychol Addict Behav. 2009 Dec;23(4):715-22
references: 20025379
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Apr;88 Suppl 1:S60-70
references: 17257779
references: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999 Jun;38(6):693-9
references: 10361787
references: Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2012 Jan;7(1):81-92
references: 21828112
references: Psychol Addict Behav. 2007 Mar;21(1):13-24
references: 17385951
references: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Jan;35(1):140-55
references: 21039636
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Feb 7;73(2):175-82
references: 14725957
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010 Apr;51(4):526-32
references: 20132418
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Jan 1;61(1):87-92
references: 16945348
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2007 Feb;86(2):189-99
references: 17222895
references: JAMA Psychiatry. 2013 Mar;70(3):334-42
references: 23344135
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009 Mar 1;100(3):228-33
references: 19046833
references: Child Dev. 2011 Jan-Feb;82(1):209-25
references: 21291438
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Apr;88 Suppl 1:S14-26
references: 17292565
references: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 May 11;(5):CD009113
references: 21563171
references: Dev Rev. 2008 Mar;28(1):78-106
references: 18509515
references: J Natl Med Assoc. 2008 Mar;100(3):299-302
references: 18390023
references: Psychol Sci. 2011 Jul;22(7):968-75
references: 21685380
references: Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2008;4:325-48
references: 18370620
references: Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2011 Oct;1(4):364-76
references: 22436562
references: Alcohol Alcohol. 2008 Mar-Apr;43(2):204-14
references: 17977868
references: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 Dec;27(6):1027-35
references: 12464459
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Jun;79(3):296-306
references: 21500886
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 Dec 22;61(1):3-14
references: 11064179
references: Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2005;1:493-523
references: 17716097
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996 Nov;53(11):1033-9
references: 8911226
references: Alcohol Res Health. 2008;31(2):168-76
references: 23584818
references: J Adolesc Health. 2005 Jul;37(1):19-28
references: 15963903
references: Psychol Addict Behav. 2001 Sep;15(3):210-8
references: 11563798
references: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010 Oct;49(10):980-9
references: 20855043
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011 Oct 12;12(11):623-37
references: 21989194
references: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010 Dec;49(12):1189-201; quiz 1285
references: 21093769
references: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Nov;69(5):990-1005
references: 7473043
references: Addict Behav. 2011 Jan-Feb;36(1-2):37-46
references: 20826056
references: Dev Psychol. 2005 Jul;41(4):625-35
references: 16060809
references: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Jul;33(7):1278-85
references: 19389185
references: J Subst Abuse. 1998;10(2):163-73
references: 9854701
references: J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Nov;21(4):245-52
references: 23133458
references: Addict Behav. 2007 Oct;32(10):2226-37
references: 17408867
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Jul;64(7):830-42
references: 17606817
references: Addiction. 2004 Dec;99(12):1548-59
references: 15585046