title: Over-expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in residual tumor cells of hepatocellular carcinoma after embolization with lipidol.
abstract: The expression and implication of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in residual hepatic tumor cells after lipiodol embolization were investigated. Two weeks after transplantation of VX2 tumor cells into the livers of rabbits, a xenograft model of the human hepatic neoplasm was successfully established. Forty rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n=20) and lipiodol group (n=20). For the control group, 1 mL normal saline was injected through the gastroduodenal artery, whereas 0.3 mL/kg lipiodol was applied for the lipiodol group. One week after embolization, the expression level of VEGF in the plasma was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A three-step immunohistochemical technique (ABC) was employed to detect the protein levels of VEGF and MMP-9 and the quantitative PCR for their mRNA levels was performed in the residual tumor cells. The VEGF in the plasma was significantly higher in the lipiodol group (1.42±0.29 ng/mL) than in the control group (1.12±0.21 ng/mL) (P<0.01). Moreover, the positive rate of VEGF protein in the residual tumor cells was significantly higher in the lipiodol group (62.13%±7.69%) than in the control group (53.16%±9.17%) (P<0.05). Similarly, the MMP-9 expression in the residual tumor cells was higher in the lipiodol group. The mRNA levels of VEGF (2.9313±2.4231) and MMP-9 (3.5721±1.6107) in the lipiodol group were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.5728±0.9453 and 1.7573±1.0641, respectively, P<0.05). Therefore, it was reasonable to speculate that the increased expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in residual hepatic tumor cells and tumor angiogenesis post-embolization would be responsible for the increased metastatic potentiality and invasiveness of these cells.
authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
authors: Yu-Long
authors: YL
authors: Shi
authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China. xt516@hotmail.com.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
authors: Le-Ping
authors: LP
authors: Li
authors: Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. chenxp@medmail.com.cn.
authors: Xiao-Ping
authors: XP
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D004998:Ethiodized Oil; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
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