title: Effects of the heel-to-toe rocker sole on walking in able-bodied persons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The most commonly prescribed external shoe modification is the use of rocker soles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a heel-to-toe rocker sole profile on specific temporal-spatial parameters and the kinematics of walking when added to footwear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen healthy adult volunteers participated in this study. For each subject, gait analysis was performed under two conditions that were tested in a random order: walking with either a baseline shoe with a flat sole or a modified shoe adapted with a heel-to-toe rocker sole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were observed between rocker sole conditions during initial double-limb support and second double-limb support during stance phase. In frontal plane movement, significant differences were observed between the rocker sole conditions but only during second double-limb support phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This heel-to-toe rocker sole may be useful for patients with conditions such as ankle arthrodesis or for use with ankle-foot orthoses where limited ankle motion is required.
authors: 1Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Mokhtar
authors: M
authors: Arazpour
authors: Stephen W
authors: SW
authors: Hutchins
authors: Farhad T
authors: FT
authors: Ghomshe
authors: Fahimeh
authors: F
authors: Shaky
authors: Masome V
authors: MV
authors: Karami
authors: Andrey Y
authors: AY
authors: Aksenov
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006365:Heel; D006801:Humans; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012775:Shoes; D014034:Toes; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Heel-to-toe rocker sole; kinematics; temporal–spatial parameters; walking