title: Associations of CXCL16/CXCR6 with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemokine CXC ligand 16 (CXCL16) has chemokine, adhesion molecule and scavenger receptor functions involving the immune function. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. We aimed to study the association of chemokine CXCL16/CXCR6 and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid ultrasonography was determined in 30 patients with metabolic syndrome and 30 controls. The mRNA levels of CXCL6/CXCR6 were detected by real-time RT-PCR. The activation of T cells and expression of CXCR6 in T lymphocyte cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells was detected by flow cytometry. The serum level of sol-CXCL6 was determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, patients with metabolic syndrome showed significantly increased waist circumference and levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.001), with increased abnormalities of the structure and function of the carotid artery (P < 0.05). In metabolic syndrome, the levels of sol-CXCL16 and CXCL16mRNA were increased and associated with max IMT and plaque index. Patients with metabolic syndrome showed increased number of CXCR6+ T cells and CXCR6+ NKT cells, which was associated with max IMT and plaque index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CXCL16 and CXCR6 may be associated the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in metabolic syndrome, and T cells may be the important effector cells in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerosis.
authors: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; CNPC Jichai Power Equipment Company Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors: Yongqing
authors: Y
authors: Lv
authors: Xiaoyang
authors: X
authors: Hou
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Ti
authors: Peili
authors: P
authors: Bu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012995:Solubility; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C423727:CXCL16 protein, human; C106330:CXCR6 protein, human; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D011991:Receptors, Virus
keywords: CXCL16; CXCR6; Carotid atherosclerosis; Metabolic syndrome; T lymphocyte cell