title: Primary biliary cirrhosis does not increase the risk of UTIs following diagnosis compared to other chronic liver diseases?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) occur more frequently in patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC). Previous studies have compared UTI occurrence in PBC and general population controls, however, it remains unclear if UTI is a feature of all chronic liver diseases (CLD)s, or is specific to PBC, or if this is a cause or consequence of PBC.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to determine if UTIs are more common after a diagnosis of PBC compared to general population and CLD controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study was conducted using the General Practice Research Database. We selected all cases of PBC plus 10 age- and sex-matched general population controls, and an unmatched group with other CLDs. We formed a Cox-proportional hazard model of time to first UTI following diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and forty-eight (24.6%) of PBC cases had a UTI event compared with 2127 (21.1%) of matched and 2131 (11.7%) of the unmatched CLD controls. Comparing PBC with matched controls showed an approximately 30% increased risk of UTI [hazard ratio (HR) 1.33 confidence interval (CI) 1.17-1.52]. Adjusting for diabetes, smoking and previous UTI reduced this (HR 1.25 CI 1.09-1.42). The Hazard Ratio comparing PBC with unmatched CLD controls was 2.00 (CI 1.76-2.28), but this became non-significant when adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, smoking and previous UTI 0.98 (0.86-1.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is increased risk of UTI in PBC patients compared to general population controls, but not compared to CLD controls suggesting that this association is not specific to PBC after diagnosis.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln, UK.
authors: Fumi K
authors: FK
authors: Varyani
authors: Joe
authors: J
authors: West
authors: Timothy R
authors: TR
authors: Card
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*