title: Continuous intestinal infusion of levodopa/carbidopa in advanced Parkinson's disease: efﬁcacy, safety and patient selection.
abstract: Long-term oral therapy with levodopa is associated with the development of motor ﬂuctuations and dyskinesia in a large percentage of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Motor complications are associated with a number of non-motor symptoms and have a negative impact on disability and quality of life. There are three therapeutic options available for the management of patients at this advanced stage: high frequency deep brain stimulation, continuous subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine, and continuous intestinal infusion of levodopa/carbidopa. On the basis of published data and in consideration of the risk-beneﬁt proﬁle of current therapeutic strategies, we here propose an algorithm to help clinicians select the most suitable treatment option for patients with advanced PD.
authors: Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Italy.
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Abbruzzese
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Barone
authors: Ubaldo
authors: U
authors: Bonuccelli
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Lopiano
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Antonini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002230:Carbidopa / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007980:Levodopa / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018579:Patient Selection
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa; D002230:Carbidopa
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