title: Spot urine tests in predicting 24-hour urine sodium excretion in Asian patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The control of hypertension is often suboptimal, and it is frequently due to excessive sodium intake. Monitoring sodium intake is cumbersome and involves 24-hour collection of urine. We hypothesize that a spot urine test can accurately predict 24-hour urine sodium excretion in an Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, observational study. We used stored urine specimens (n = 333) from the Asian Kidney Disease Study and Singapore Kidney Function Study Phase I. We measured spot urine tests and correlated these variables to the previously measured 24-hour urine sodium measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, gender, ethnicity, diastolic blood pressure, height, weight, body mass index, serum creatinine, spot urine sodium, spot urine chloride, and spot urine osmolality were associated with 24-hour urine sodium excretion. The final model for predicting 24-hour urine sodium less than 100 mmol included age, gender, ethnicity, weight, and spot urine sodium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spot urine sodium can help monitor a patient's sodium intake when used in the derived 5-variable equation.
authors: Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore. Electronic address: srinivas_subrama@hotmail.com.
authors: Srinivas
authors: S
authors: Subramanian
authors: Boon Wee
authors: BW
authors: Teo
authors: Qi Chun
authors: QC
authors: Toh
authors: Yun Yin
authors: YY
authors: Koh
authors: Jialiang
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Sunil
authors: S
authors: Sethi
authors: Evan J C
authors: EJ
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002712:Chlorides / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009318:Natriuresis; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000652:urine*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine