title: Contributions of work stressors, alcohol, and normative beliefs to partner violence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A body of research has established that lower socioeconomic populations, including blue-collar workers, are at higher risk for problem drinking and intimate partner violence. This study of married/cohabiting construction workers and their spouses/partners describes how work stressors, hazardous drinking, and couple characteristics interact to influence normative beliefs around partner violence and, thereafter, its occurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our survey respondents from a sample of 502 dual-earner couples were asked about drinking patterns, past-year partner violence, normative beliefs about partner violence, work-related stressors, impulsivity, and childhood exposure to violence and other adverse events. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 81 workers on context of work stress, partner violence, and drinking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses of data revealed that men's and women's normative beliefs about partner violence were positively related to maleto- female partner violence; female partner violence normative beliefs were associated with female-to-male partner violence. Both partners' levels of impulsivity were directly associated with male-to-female and female-to-male partner violence, and male partner's frequency of intoxication mediated the association between level of impulsivity and male-to-female partner violence. Female partner's adverse childhood experience was directly associated with male-to-female partner violence. Both survey and qualitative interviews identified individual and workrelated factors that influence the occurrence of violence between men and women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide guidelines for prevention of partner violence that can be implemented in the workplace with attention to hazardous drinking, job stress, treatment, education, and work culture.
authors: Prevention Research Center of Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California 94704, USA. ames@prev.org
authors: Genevieve M
authors: GM
authors: Ames
authors: Carol B
authors: CB
authors: Cunradi
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Duke
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Todd
authors: Meng-Jinn
authors: MJ
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D060389:Construction Industry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017132:Workplace
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