title: Depression, anxiety, and moods of hospitalized patients under contact precautions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between contact precautions and depression or anxiety as well as feelings of anger, sadness, worry, happiness, or confusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective frequency-matched cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The University of Maryland Medical Center, a 662-bed tertiary care hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,876 medical and surgical patients over the age of 18 years were approached; 528 patients were enrolled from January through November 2010, and 296 patients, frequency matched by hospital unit, completed follow-up on hospital day 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcome was Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores on hospital day 3, controlling for baseline HADS scores. Secondary moods were measured with visual analog mood scale diaries. Patients under contact precautions had baseline symptoms of depression 1.3 points higher (P<.01) and anxiety 0.8 points higher (P=.08) at hospital admission using HADS. Exposure to contact precautions was not associated with increased depression (P=.42) or anxiety (P=.25) on hospital day 3. On hospital day 3, patients under contact precautions were no more likely than unexposed patients to be angry (20% vs 20%; P=.99), sad (33% vs 38%; P=.45), worried (51% vs 46%; P=.41), happy (58% vs 67%; P=.14), or confused (23% vs 24%; P=.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients under contact precautions have more symptoms of depression and anxiety at hospital admission but do not appear to be more likely to develop depression, anxiety, or negative moods while under contact precautions. The use of contact precautions should not be restricted by the belief that contact precautions will produce more depression or anxiety.
authors: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. hdaycpi@gmail.com
authors: Hannah R
authors: HR
authors: Day
authors: Eli N
authors: EN
authors: Perencevich
authors: Anthony D
authors: AD
authors: Harris
authors: Ann L
authors: AL
authors: Gruber-Baldini
authors: Seth S
authors: SS
authors: Himelhoch
authors: Clayton H
authors: CH
authors: Brown
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010356:Patient Isolation / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
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