title: A novel biomechanical model assessing continuous orthodontic archwire activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The biomechanics of a continuous archwire inserted into multiple orthodontic brackets is poorly understood. The purpose of this research was to apply the birth-death technique to simulate the insertion of an orthodontic wire and the consequent transfer of forces to the dentition in an anatomically accurate model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A digital model containing the maxillary dentition, periodontal ligament, and surrounding bone was constructed from computerized tomography data. Virtual brackets were placed on 4 teeth (central and lateral incisors, canine, and first premolar), and a steel archwire (0.019 × 0.025 in) with a 0.5-mm step bend to intrude the lateral incisor was virtually inserted into the bracket slots. Forces applied to the dentition and surrounding structures were simulated by using the birth-death technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The goal of simulating a complete bracket-wire system on accurate anatomy including multiple teeth was achieved. Orthodontic forces delivered by the wire-bracket interaction were 19.1 N on the central incisor, 21.9 N on the lateral incisor, and 19.9 N on the canine. Loading the model with equivalent point forces showed a different stress distribution in the periodontal ligament.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The birth-death technique proved to be a useful biomechanical simulation method for placement of a continuous archwire in orthodontic brackets. The ability to view the stress distribution with proper anatomy and appliances advances our understanding of orthodontic biomechanics.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Canales
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Larson
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Grauer
authors: Rose
authors: R
authors: Sheats
authors: Clarke
authors: C
authors: Stevens
authors: Ching-Chang
authors: CC
authors: Ko
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*
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