title: Bismuth nanoparticle decorating graphite felt as a high-performance electrode for an all-vanadium redox flow battery.
abstract: Employing electrolytes containing Bi(3+), bismuth nanoparticles are synchronously electrodeposited onto the surface of a graphite felt electrode during operation of an all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The influence of the Bi nanoparticles on the electrochemical performance of the VRFB is thoroughly investigated. It is confirmed that Bi is only present at the negative electrode and facilitates the redox reaction between V(II) and V(III). However, the Bi nanoparticles significantly improve the electrochemical performance of VRFB cells by enhancing the kinetics of the sluggish V(II)/V(III) redox reaction, especially under high power operation. The energy efficiency is increased by 11% at high current density (150 mA·cm(-2)) owing to faster charge transfer as compared with one without Bi. The results suggest that using Bi nanoparticles in place of noble metals offers great promise as high-performance electrodes for VRFB application.
authors: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Li
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Gu
authors: Zimin
authors: Z
authors: Nie
authors: Yuyan
authors: Y
authors: Shao
authors: Qingtao
authors: Q
authors: Luo
authors: Xiaoliang
authors: X
authors: Wei
authors: Xiaolin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Xiao
authors: Chongmin
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Sprenkle
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Wang