title: An insight into a combination of ELISA strategies to diagnose small ruminant lentivirus infections.
abstract: A single broadly reactive standard ELISA is commonly applied to control small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) spread, but type specific ELISA strategies are gaining interest in areas with highly prevalent and heterogeneous SRLV infections. Short (15-residue) synthetic peptides (n=60) were designed in this study using deduced amino acid sequence profiles of SRLV circulating in sheep from North Central Spain and SRLV described previously. The corresponding ELISAs and two standard ELISAs were employed to analyze sera from sheep flocks either controlled or infected with different SRLV genotypes. Two outbreaks, showing SRLV-induced arthritis (genotype B2) and encephalitis (genotype A), were represented among the infected flocks. The ELISA results revealed that none of the assays detected all the infected animals in the global population analyzed, the assay performance varying according to the genetic type of the strain circulating in the area and the test antigen. Five of the six highly reactive (57-62%) single peptide ELISAs were further assessed, revealing that the ELISA based on peptide 98M (type A ENV-SU5, consensus from the neurological outbreak) detected positives in the majority of the type-A specific sera tested (Se: 86%; Sp: 98%) and not in the arthritic type B outbreak. ENV-TM ELISAs based on peptides 126M1 (Se: 82%; Sp: 95%) and 126M2 0,65 0.77 (Se: 68%; Sp: 88%) detected preferentially caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAEV, type B) and visna/maedi (VMV, type A) virus infections respectively, which may help to perform a preliminary CAEV vs. VMV-like typing of the flock. The use of particular peptide ELISAs and standard tests individually or combined may be useful in the different areas under study, to determine disease progression, diagnose/type infection and prevent its spread.
authors: Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra), Navarre, Spain.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: de Andrés
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ramírez
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Bertolotti
authors: B
authors: B
authors: San Román
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Glaria
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Crespo
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Jáuregui
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Minguijón
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Juste
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Leginagoikoa
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pérez
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Luján
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Badiola
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Polledo
authors: J F
authors: JF
authors: García-Marín
authors: J I
authors: JI
authors: Riezu
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Borrás-Cuesta
authors: D
authors: D
authors: de Andrés
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rosati
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Reina
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Amorena
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016088:Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000662:veterinary*; D015750:Genes, gag; D006041:Goats; D016180:Lentivirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011021:Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016182:Visna / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D014790:Visna-maedi virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins