title: Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the scale of oral health outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most of the instruments available to measure the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in paediatric populations focus on older children, whereas parental reports are used for very young children. The scale of oral health outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5) assesses the OHRQoL of very young children through self-reports and parental proxy reports. We aimed to cross-culturally adapt the SOHO-5 to the Brazilian Portuguese language and to assess its reliability and validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We tested the quality of the cross-cultural adaptation in 2 pilot studies with 40 children aged 5-6 years and their parents. The measurement was tested for reliability and validity on 193 children that attended the paediatric dental screening program at the University of São Paulo. The children were also clinically examined for dental caries. The internal consistency was demonstrated by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.90 for the children's self-reports and 0.77 for the parental proxy reports. The test-retest reliability results, which were based on repeated administrations on 159 children, were excellent; the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.98 for parental and 0.92 for child reports. In general, the construct validity was satisfactory and demonstrated consistent and strong associations between the SOHO-5 and different subjective global ratings of oral health, perceived dental treatment need and overall well-being in both the parental and children's versions (p<0.001). The SOHO-5 was also able to clearly discriminate between children with and without a history of dental caries (mean scores: 5.8 and 1.1, respectively; p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that the SOHO-5 exhibits satisfactory psychometric properties and is applicable to 5- to 6-year-old children in Brazil.
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av, Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. jennyaa@usp.br
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Abanto
authors: Georgios
authors: G
authors: Tsakos
authors: Saul Martins
authors: SM
authors: Paiva
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Goursand
authors: Daniela Prócida
authors: DP
authors: Raggio
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Bönecker
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009909:Oral Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D014175:Translating
references: Qual Life Res. 2004 Sep;13(7):1297-307
references: 15473508
references: Med Care. 2001 Aug;39(8):800-12
references: 11468499
references: Community Dent Health. 2004 Jun;21(2):161-9
references: 15228206
references: Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Jan 19;4:4
references: 16423298
references: J Public Health Dent. 2011 Summer;71(3):185-93
references: 21972458
references: Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007 Jan 30;5:6
references: 17263880
references: Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012 Jun 07;10:62
references: 22676710
references: Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012 Jul 23;10:85
references: 22824550
references: Pediatr Dent. 2004 Nov-Dec;26(6):512-8
references: 15646914
references: J Clin Epidemiol. 1993 Dec;46(12):1417-32
references: 8263569
references: Pharmacoeconomics. 1999 Dec;16(6):605-25
references: 10724790
references: Int J Dent Hyg. 2008 May;6(2):108-13
references: 18412722
references: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Apr;93(4):641-6
references: 22464090
references: Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Jul 01;4:38
references: 16813660
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007 Aug;35 Suppl 1:20-31
references: 17615047
references: Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2005 Jun;8(2):135-47
references: 15981582
references: J Public Health Dent. 2003 Spring;63(2):67-72
references: 12816135
references: Qual Life Res. 1998 May;7(4):323-35
references: 9610216
references: J Dent Res. 2002 Jul;81(7):459-63
references: 12161456
references: Pediatr Dent. 2003 Sep-Oct;25(5):431-40
references: 14649606