title: The SUD1 gene encodes a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase and is a positive regulator of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase activity in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) enzyme catalyzes the major rate-limiting step of the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway from which sterols and other isoprenoids are synthesized. In contrast with our extensive knowledge of the regulation of HMGR in yeast and animals, little is known about this process in plants. To identify regulatory components of the MVA pathway in plants, we performed a genetic screen for second-site suppressor mutations of the Arabidopsis thaliana highly drought-sensitive drought hypersensitive2 (dry2) mutant that shows decreased squalene epoxidase activity. We show that mutations in SUPPRESSOR OF DRY2 DEFECTS1 (SUD1) gene recover most developmental defects in dry2 through changes in HMGR activity. SUD1 encodes a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase that shows sequence and structural similarity to yeast Degradation of α factor (Doα10) and human TEB4, components of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation C (ERAD-C) pathway. While in yeast and animals, the alternative ERAD-L/ERAD-M pathway regulates HMGR activity by controlling protein stability, SUD1 regulates HMGR activity without apparent changes in protein content. These results highlight similarities, as well as important mechanistic differences, among the components involved in HMGR regulation in plants, yeast, and animals.
authors: Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
authors: Verónica G
authors: VG
authors: Doblas
authors: Vítor
authors: V
authors: Amorim-Silva
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Posé
authors: Abel
authors: A
authors: Rosado
authors: Alicia
authors: A
authors: Esteban
authors: Montserrat
authors: M
authors: Arró
authors: Herlander
authors: H
authors: Azevedo
authors: Aureliano
authors: A
authors: Bombarely
authors: Omar
authors: O
authors: Borsani
authors: Victoriano
authors: V
authors: Valpuesta
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Ferrer
authors: Rui M
authors: RM
authors: Tavares
authors: Miguel A
authors: MA
authors: Botella
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008798:Mevalonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013261:Sterols / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013261:Sterols; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; C575855:CER9 protein, Arabidopsis; C504816:MARCHF6 protein, human; C091362:SSM4 protein, S cerevisiae; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D008798:Mevalonic Acid
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