title: Enteral nutrition in critical care.
abstract: There is a consensus that nutritional support, which must be provided to patients in intensive care, influences their clinical outcome. Malnutrition is associated in critically ill patients with impaired immune function and impaired ventilator drive, leading to prolonged ventilator dependence and increased infectious morbidity and mortality. Enteral nutrition is an active therapy that attenuates the metabolic response of the organism to stress and favorably modulates the immune system. It is less expensive than parenteral nutrition and is preferred in most cases because of less severe complications and better patient outcomes, including infections, and hospital cost and length of stay. The aim of this work was to perform a review of the use of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients.
authors: Intensive Care Unit, San Jorge Hospital, Avda. Martinez de Velasco 35. 22004 Huesca, Spain.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Seron-Arbeloa
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Zamora-Elson
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Labarta-Monzon
authors: Tomas
authors: T
authors: Mallor-Bonet
keywords: Critical care; Critical ill; Enteral feeding; Enteral nutrition; Intensive care; Nutritional support
references: Anaesth Intensive Care. 2001 Dec;29(6):619-22
references: 11771607
references: Med Intensiva. 2011 Nov;35 Suppl 1:7-11
references: 22309745
references: Curr Opin Crit Care. 2003 Aug;9(4):279-85
references: 12883282
references: Clin Nutr. 2003 Apr;22(2):187-92
references: 12706137
references: Crit Care Med. 2005 Jan;33(1):213-20; discussion 260-1
references: 15644672
references: Med Intensiva. 2011 Nov;35 Suppl 1:17-21
references: 22309747
references: Med Intensiva. 2011 Nov;35 Suppl 1:42-7
references: 22309752
references: Nutr Hosp. 2011 Nov;26 Suppl 2:37-40
references: 22411517
references: Clin Nutr. 2006 Apr;25(2):295-310
references: 16697495
references: Crit Care Med. 1999 Aug;27(8):1447-53
references: 10470748
references: Med Intensiva. 2011 Nov;35 Suppl 1:28-32
references: 22309749
references: Crit Care Med. 2006 Apr;34(4):972-9
references: 16484909
references: Crit Care Med. 1999 Jul;27(7):1252-6
references: 10446815
references: Am J Crit Care. 2008 Jan;17(1):53-61
references: 18158390
references: Ann Surg. 1988 Aug;208(2):209-14
references: 3401064
references: Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):712-9
references: 19801929
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;74(4):534-42
references: 11566654
references: Lancet. 2008 Jan 12;371(9607):143-52
references: 18191686
references: Clin Nutr. 2006 Apr;25(2):210-23
references: 16697087
references: Nutr Hosp. 2005 Jun;20 Suppl 2:13-7
references: 15981842
references: Curr Opin Crit Care. 2007 Apr;13(2):180-6
references: 17327740
references: Crit Care Med. 2004 Feb;32(2):350-7
references: 14758147
references: Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug;28(4):387-400
references: 19505748
references: Med Intensiva. 2011 Nov;35 Suppl 1:22-7
references: 22309748
references: Crit Care Med. 2008 Jun;36(6):1762-7
references: 18496367
references: Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;53(3-4):268-75
references: 19136822
references: Med Intensiva. 2011 Nov;35 Suppl 1:33-7
references: 22309750
references: Nutr Hosp. 2011 Nov-Dec;26(6):1469-77
references: 22411398
references: Crit Care. 2009;13(3):305
references: 19589180
references: Nutr Clin Pract. 2004 Oct;19(5):477-80
references: 16215142
references: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2003 Jan-Feb;27(1):74-83
references: 12549603
references: Med Intensiva. 2011 Nov;35 Suppl 1:68-71
references: 22309757
references: Nutrition. 2005 Jul-Aug;21(7-8):786-92
references: 15975485
references: Curr Opin Crit Care. 2008 Aug;14(4):408-14
references: 18614904
references: Intensive Care Med. 2005 Jan;31(1):12-23
references: 15592814
references: Nutr J. 2003 Oct 07;2:10
references: 14613508
references: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002 Nov;5(6):679-83
references: 12394644
references: Intensive Care Med. 2008 Nov;34(11):1980-90
references: 18626628
references: Intensive Care Med. 2010 Aug;36(8):1386-93
references: 20232036
references: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2004 Jul-Aug;28(4):259-64
references: 15291408
references: Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug;28(4):401-14
references: 19535181
references: Curr Opin Crit Care. 2009 Dec;15(6):474-80
references: 19812486
references: Crit Care Med. 2001 Dec;29(12):2264-70
references: 11801821
references: Nutr Hosp. 2005 Jul-Aug;20(4):278-85
references: 16045130
references: Transplantation. 2005 Feb 15;79(3):359-62
references: 15699770
references: Surg Clin North Am. 2011 Aug;91(4):945-64, x
references: 21787977
references: Artif Organs. 1997 May;21(5):359-63
references: 9129766
references: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2003 Sep-Oct;27(5):355-73
references: 12971736
references: Crit Care Med. 2001 Jan;29(1):8-12
references: 11176150
references: Clin Nutr. 2005 Aug;24(4):502-9
references: 15899538
references: BMJ. 2004 Jun 19;328(7454):1490
references: 15205295
references: Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;25(1):37-44
references: 16321459
references: Nutrition. 2004 Oct;20(10):843-8
references: 15474870
references: Ann Intensive Care. 2011 Jul 18;1(1):25
references: 21906372
references: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1999 Jan;2(1):61-7
references: 10453332
references: Clin Nutr. 2011 Jun;30(3):346-50
references: 21131108
references: Chest. 2003 Jul;124(1):297-305
references: 12853537
references: Med Intensiva. 2011 Nov;35 Suppl 1:72-6
references: 22309758
references: Surgery. 1988 Nov;104(5):917-23
references: 3055397
references: Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;25(1):51-9
references: 16216393
references: Nutrition. 2001 Jan;17(1):1-12
references: 11165880
references: Nutr Hosp. 2005 Jun;20 Suppl 2:9-12
references: 15981841