title: A sweet TET-à-tête-synergy of TET proteins and O-GlcNAc transferase in transcription.
abstract: 5-hydroxy methyl cytosine (5hmC) is a modification identified in vertebrates several decades ago. More recently, a possible role of 5hmC as an epigenetic modifier and/or transcriptional regulator has started to emerge, with altered levels in early embryonic development, embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation and tumours (Tahiliani et al, 2009; Yang et al, 2012). The balance between 5hmC and 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) at gene promoters and CpG islands in the genome appears to be linked to pluripotency and lineage commitment of a cell (Ito et al, 2010). However, proteins with 5hmC binding capability have not yet been identified, and it has been proposed that 5hmC may only be a reaction intermediate in the process of demethylation (He et al, 2011; Ito et al, 2011). Over the last few years, ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family proteins have been shown to be responsible for the conversion of 5mC to 5hmC (Iyer et al, 2009; Loenarz and Schofield, 2009; Tahiliani et al, 2009). However, how Tet family proteins and 5hmC are linked to transcriptional regulation is currently not clear.
authors: MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Mariappa
authors: Shalini
authors: S
authors: Pathak
authors: Daan M F
authors: DM
authors: van Aalten
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000818:Animals; D018899:CpG Islands; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C540839:TET1 protein, mouse; C011865:5-hydroxymethylcytosine; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D003596:Cytosine; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C462539:TET1 protein, human; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; C449880:O-GlcNAc transferase
references: Cell Cycle. 2009 Jun 1;8(11):1698-710
references: 19411852
references: Nature. 2013 Jan 24;493(7433):561-4
references: 23222540
references: Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1129-33
references: 20639862
references: Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):930-5
references: 19372391
references: Nature. 2007 Apr 26;446(7139):1017-22
references: 17460662
references: EMBO J. 2013 Mar 6;32(5):645-55
references: 23353889
references: Nature. 2011 Nov 27;480(7378):557-60
references: 22121020
references: Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1300-3
references: 21778364
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 May 23;97(11):5735-9
references: 10801981
references: Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1303-7
references: 21817016
references: Chem Biol. 2009 Jun 26;16(6):580-3
references: 19549596
references: Mol Cell. 2013 Feb 21;49(4):645-56
references: 23352454
references: Oncogene. 2013 Jan 31;32(5):663-9
references: 22391558