title: The PP6 phosphatase regulates ABI5 phosphorylation and abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The basic Leucine zipper transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) is a key regulator of abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated seed germination and postgermination seedling growth. While a family of SUCROSE NONFERMENTING1-related protein kinase2s (SnRK2s) is responsible for ABA-induced phosphorylation and stabilization of ABI5, the phosphatase(s) responsible for dephosphorylating ABI5 is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mutations in FyPP1 (for Phytochrome-associated serine/threonine protein phosphatase1) and FyPP3, two homologous genes encoding the catalytic subunits of Ser/Thr PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE6 (PP6), cause an ABA hypersensitive phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana, including ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth. Conversely, overexpression of FyPP causes reduced sensitivity to ABA. The ABA hypersensitive phenotype of FyPP loss-of-function mutants is ABI5 dependent, and the amount of phosphorylated and total ABI5 proteins inversely correlates with the levels of FyPP proteins. Moreover, FyPP proteins physically interact with ABI5 in vitro and in vivo, and the strength of the interaction depends on the ABI5 phosphorylation status. In vitro phosphorylation assays show that FyPP proteins directly dephosphorylate ABI5. Furthermore, genetic and biochemical assays show that FyPP proteins act antagonistically with SnRK2 kinases to regulate ABI5 phosphorylation and ABA responses. Thus, Arabidopsis PP6 phosphatase regulates ABA signaling through dephosphorylation and destabilization of ABI5.
authors: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8104, USA.
authors: Mingqiu
authors: M
authors: Dai
authors: Qin
authors: Q
authors: Xue
authors: Tyra
authors: T
authors: Mccray
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Margavage
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Chen
authors: Jae-Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Cynthia D
authors: CD
authors: Nezames
authors: Liquan
authors: L
authors: Guo
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Terzaghi
authors: Jianmin
authors: J
authors: Wan
authors: Xing Wang
authors: XW
authors: Deng
authors: Haiyang
authors: H
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018525:Germination / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055550:Protein Stability; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C409743:ABI5 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; C492978:SnRK2 protein, Arabidopsis; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C472137:AtFyPP3 protein, Arabidopsis; C472136:FyPP1 protein, Arabidopsis; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2
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