title: Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for acute activation of intestinal sensory neurons.
abstract: Symbionts or probiotics are known to affect the nervous system. To understand the mechanisms involved, it is important to measure sensory neuron responses and identify molecules responsible for this interaction. Here we test the effects of adding Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) and Bacteroides fragilis to the epithelium while making voltage recordings from intestinal primary afferent neurons. Sensory responses are recorded within 8 s of applying JB-1 and excitability facilitated within 15 min. Bacteroides fragilis produces similar results, as does its isolated, capsular exopolysaccharide, polysaccharide A. Lipopolysaccharide-free polysaccharide A completely mimics the neuronal effects of the parent organism. Experiments with a mutant Bacteroides fragilis devoid of polysaccharide A shows that polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for the neuronal effects. Complex carbohydrates have not been reported before as candidates for such signalling between symbionts and the host. These observations indicate new neuronal targets and invite further study of bacterial carbohydrates as inter-kingdom signalling molecules between beneficial bacteria and sensory neurons.
authors: McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 4A6.
authors: Yu-Kang
authors: YK
authors: Mao
authors: Dennis L
authors: DL
authors: Kasper
authors: Bingxian
authors: B
authors: Wang
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Forsythe
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Bienenstock
authors: Wolfgang A
authors: WA
authors: Kunze
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001441:Bacteroides fragilis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004210:Dissection; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051660:Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D007422:Intestines / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051660:Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D011720:Pyrazoles; C411671:TRAM 34
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