title: [6]-shogaol attenuates neuronal apoptosis in hydrogen peroxide-treated astrocytes through the up-regulation of neurotrophic factors.
abstract: Neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is a prominent feature of neurodegenerative disorders. [6]-shogaol, a bio-active compound in ginger, possesses potent anti-inflammatory actions and has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders. However, the effects of [6]-shogaol on astroglial apoptosis following exogenously induced oxidative stress has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that the anti-apoptotic activity of [6]-shogaol in astrocytes following exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) involves a marked up-regulation of neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Astrocytes co-treated with [6]-shogaol and H2 O2 for 1 h showed decrease in reactive oxygen species production compared with those only treated with H2 O2 . Moreover, [6]-shogaol counteracted the reduced expression of ERK1/2 in H2 O2 -treated astrocytes and protected these cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis by attenuating the impairment of mitochondrial function proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Additionally, [6]-shogaol inhibits the expression of the apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 in H2 O2 -treated astrocytes. This data suggest that following oxidative stress, [6]-shogaol protects astrocytes from oxidative damage through the up-regulating levels of neurotrophic factors. These findings provide further support for the use of [6]-shogaol as a therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative disorders.
authors: Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University of Jeonju, Korea.
authors: Sokho
authors: S
authors: Kim
authors: Jungkee
authors: J
authors: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494828:Bax protein, rat; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D002396:Catechols; C495041:Gdnf protein, rat; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C040115:shogaol; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: [6]-shogaol; apoptosis; astrocytes; neuronal growth factors; oxidative stress