title: Odor-induced crawling locomotion in the newborn rat: Effects of amniotic fluid and milk.
abstract: Early locomotion in the neonatal rat previously has been reported 3 days after birth during exposure to an odor of biological relevance (nest material). The current study explores if other ecologically relevant stimuli-amniotic fluid (AF) and milk-could evoke a similar locomotor response in the newborn rat and whether the endogenous opioid system mediates the response. Newborn rats tested 24 hr after birth were presented with the odors of AF or milk while placed in a runway. Pups expressed crawling and moved along the runway in response to direct exposure to the odors of AF and milk (Exp. 1). However, there was no evidence that this crawling response was altered after pretreatment with the opioid antagonist naloxone (Exp. 2). This study provides evidence of the capacity of AF and milk to evoke coordinated motor behavior, suggesting that they may play a role in the development of fundamental motor patterns.
authors: Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, Avda. de Tolosa 70, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain. valerie.mendez@ehu.es.
authors: Valerie
authors: V
authors: Mendez-Gallardo
authors: Scott R
authors: SR
authors: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005260:Female; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009812:Odorants; D051381:Rats; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone
keywords: amniotic fluid; crawling; locomotion; milk; neonatal rat; opioid
references: J Comp Psychol. 1987 Jun;101(2):190-6
references: 3608424
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1992 Jan;25(1):33-49
references: 1740228
references: Acta Paediatr. 2001 Apr;90(4):372-5
references: 11332925
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1982 Sep;15(5):409-21
references: 7128942
references: Behav Neurosci. 1997 Aug;111(4):825-33
references: 9267660
references: Child Dev. 2005 Jan-Feb;76(1):155-68
references: 15693764
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;97(3):404-9
references: 2541460
references: Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1998 Jun 15;108(1-2):111-23
references: 9693789
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1998 Jan;32(1):57-66
references: 9452909
references: J Nutr. 2005 Jan;135(1):1-4
references: 15623823
references: Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1990 Dec 15;57(2):175-80
references: 2073718
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1977 Jul;10(4):315-21
references: 873062
references: Biol Neonate. 1995;67(6):397-406
references: 7578623
references: Behav Neurosci. 1992 Apr;106(2):396-407
references: 1317189
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1982 Jul;15(4):349-55
references: 7106394
references: J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1981 Apr;95(2):240-51
references: 7229159
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1983 Sep;16(5):347-75
references: 6618012
references: Behav Neural Biol. 1981 Jun;32(2):261-4
references: 7283916
references: Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1992 May-Jun;14(3):221-8
references: 1635542
references: Pain. 2004 Jun;109(3):507-513
references: 15157713
references: Pediatrics. 1997 Jun;99(6):825-9
references: 9164777
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1998 Nov;33(3):235-48
references: 9810474
references: Dev Psychobiol. 2013 Dec;55(8):888-901
references: 23037148
references: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000 Jan;24(1):39-47
references: 10656191
references: Chem Senses. 2000 Dec;25(6):729-37
references: 11114151
references: Chem Senses. 2006 Mar;31(3):207-12
references: 16371572
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1982 Jul;15(4):379-97
references: 7106397
references: Neuroscience. 1999;90(4):1543-54
references: 10338319
references: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1998 Jul;22(4):547-53
references: 9595568
references: Am J Dis Child (1911). 1949 Oct;78(4):589-603
references: 18141078
references: Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1991 Feb 22;58(2):251-5
references: 2029768
references: Behav Neural Biol. 1980 May;29(1):132-6
references: 7387583
references: J Matern Fetal Med. 2001 Feb;10(1):2-19
references: 11332413
references: Infant Behav Dev. 2006 Jul;29(3):308-21
references: 17138287
references: Early Hum Dev. 1997 Oct 29;49 Suppl:S7-28
references: 9363415
references: Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Sep 21;186(2-3):223-30
references: 1981185
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1993 Apr;44(4):843-50
references: 8097042
references: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1999 May;71(3):272-88
references: 10196106
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1993 Feb;44(2):403-9
references: 8446672
references: Physiol Behav. 1993 Apr;53(4):751-6
references: 8390058
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1988 Jan;29(1):9-13
references: 2832857
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Apr;987:199-206
references: 12727640
references: Somatosens Mot Res. 2003;20(2):157-62
references: 12850825
references: Behav Neural Biol. 1982 Sep;36(1):61-8
references: 7168731
references: Science. 1979 Jul 27;205(4404):419-21
references: 451612
references: Behav Neurosci. 2005 Jun;119(3):821-33
references: 15998204
references: Science. 1979 Jul 13;205(4402):206-9
references: 451591
references: Behav Neurosci. 1989 Apr;103(2):246-53
references: 2706071
references: Early Hum Dev. 1993 Sep;34(1-2):89-100
references: 8275886
references: Behav Neurosci. 1994 Dec;108(6):1139-49
references: 7893406
references: Physiol Behav. 1993 Jan;53(1):191-7
references: 8381974
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1998 Dec;33(4):317-26
references: 9846235
references: Dev Psychobiol. 2010 Dec;52(8):740-54
references: 21117244
references: Anim Behav. 1975 Nov;23(4):896-920
references: 1200422
references: Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):15-22
references: 6997992
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jun;77(6):1537S-1543S
references: 12812151
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1973 Jul;6(4):329-35
references: 4793362
references: Dev Psychobiol. 2007 Sep;49(6):576-88
references: 17680606
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1993 Jan;26(1):37-50
references: 8382637
references: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1982 Oct;8(4):329-41
references: 7175445
references: Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):506-8
references: 7192882
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1982 Mar;16(3):481-6
references: 6123119
references: Physiol Behav. 1999 Aug 1;67(1):49-56
references: 10463628
references: Behav Neurosci. 1998 Oct;112(5):1218-28
references: 9829799
references: Physiol Behav. 2010 Apr 19;99(5):579-86
references: 20138069
references: J Perinatol. 2005 May;25(5):341-8
references: 15861199
references: Behav Neurosci. 1993 Dec;107(6):963-9
references: 8136071
references: Dev Psychobiol. 1987 May;20(3):313-31
references: 3596058
references: Behav Neurosci. 1991 Oct;105(5):677-86
references: 1667730
references: Behav Neurosci. 1992 Oct;106(5):866-73
references: 1445662
references: Chem Senses. 2009 Nov;34(9):775-87
references: 19815631
references: Physiol Behav. 1995 Jan;57(1):15-9
references: 7878109
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1992;106(2):161-8
references: 1347951
references: Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1993;53(4):517-23
references: 8109261
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1994 Jul;48(3):781-6
references: 7938135
references: Behav Neurosci. 2002 Dec;116(6):1014-21
references: 12492300