title: The effect on teenage risky driving of feedback from a safety monitoring system: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Teenage risky driving may be due to teenagers not knowing what is risky, preferring risk, or the lack of consequences. Elevated gravitational-force (g-force) events, caused mainly by hard braking and sharp turns, provide a valid measure of risky driving and are the target of interventions using in-vehicle data recording and feedback devices. The effect of two forms of feedback about risky driving events to teenagers only or to teenagers and their parents was tested in a randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety parent-teen dyads were randomized to one of two groups: (1) immediate feedback to teens (Lights Only); or (2) immediate feedback to teens plus family access to event videos and ranking of the teen relative to other teenage drivers (Lights Plus). Participants' vehicles were instrumented with data recording devices and events exceeding .5 g were assessed for 2 weeks of baseline and 13 weeks of feedback.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growth curve analysis with random slopes yielded a significant decrease in event rates for the Lights Plus group (slope = -.11, p < .01), but no change for the Lights Only group (slope = .05, p = .67) across the 15 weeks. A large effect size of 1.67 favored the Lights Plus group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Provision of feedback with possible consequences associated with parents being informed reduced risky driving, whereas immediate feedback only to teenagers did not.
authors: Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7510, USA. Mortonb@mail.nih.gov
authors: Bruce G
authors: BG
authors: Simons-Morton
authors: C Raymond
authors: CR
authors: Bingham
authors: Marie Claude
authors: MC
authors: Ouimet
authors: Anuj K
authors: AK
authors: Pradhan
authors: Rusan
authors: R
authors: Chen
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Barretto
authors: Jean T
authors: JT
authors: Shope
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control; D000293:Adolescent; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012449:Safety / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
references: Am J Public Health. 2011 Dec;101(12):2362-7
references: 22021319
references: Accid Anal Prev. 2011 Jul;43(4):1359-63
references: 21545866
references: J Adolesc. 1999 Dec;22(6):737-52
references: 10579887
references: J Safety Res. 2010 Feb;41(1):39-45
references: 20226949
references: Traffic Inj Prev. 2009 Jun;10(3):209-19
references: 19452361
references: Accid Anal Prev. 2006 Nov;38(6):1119-26
references: 16787631
references: Accid Anal Prev. 2010 Mar;42(2):480-6
references: 20159070
references: J Safety Res. 2007;38(6):697-706
references: 18054602
references: Accid Anal Prev. 2005 Nov;37(6):973-82
references: 15921652
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2012 May 15;175(10):1075-9
references: 22271924
references: Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Mar;40(2):776-86
references: 18329433
references: J Safety Res. 2007;38(2):245-57
references: 17478195
references: J Adolesc Health. 2011 Dec;49(6):587-93
references: 22098768
references: J Appl Behav Anal. 1983 Fall;16(3):253-81
references: 16795666
references: J Safety Res. 2007;38(2):215-27
references: 17478192
references: J Safety Res. 2003 Jan;34(1):5-15
references: 12535901
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1978 Feb;46(1):139-49
references: 627648
references: Am J Public Health. 2010 Jun;100(6):1101-6
references: 20395588
references: Accid Anal Prev. 2011 Sep;43(5):1696-702
references: 21658496
references: Dev Psychol. 2000 May;36(3):366-80
references: 10830980
references: J Safety Res. 2012 Feb;43(1):49-58
references: 22385740