title: Study on analysis of waste edible oil with deterioration and removal of acid value, carbonyl value, and free fatty acid by a food additive (calcium silicate).
abstract: This study investigated the regeneration of waste edible oil using a food additive (calcium silicate, CAS). Waste edible oil was prepared by combined heat and aeration treatment. Moreover, the deterioration of edible oil by combined heat and aeration treatment was greater than that by heat treatment alone. The acid value (AV) and carbonyl value (CV) increased with increasing deterioration; conversely, the tocopherol concentration decreased with increasing deterioration. The specific surface area, pore volume, and mean pore diameter of the 3 CAS formulations used (CAS30, CAS60, and CAS90) were evaluated, and scanning electron microscopic images were taken. The specific surface area increased in the order of CAS30 (115.54 m(2)/g) < CAS60 (163.93 m(2)/g) < CAS90 (187.47 m(2)/g). The mean pore diameter increased in the order of CAS90 (170.59 Å) < CAS60 (211.60 Å) < CAS30 (249.70 Å). The regeneration of waste edible oil was possible with CAS treatment. The AV reduced by 15.2%, 10.8%, and 23.1% by CAS30, CAS60, and CAS90 treatment, respectively, and the CV was reduced by 35.6%, 29.8%, and 31.3% by these 3 treatments, respectively. Moreover, the concentrations of tocopherol and free fatty acids did not change with CAS treatment. The characteristics of CAS were not related to the degree of change of AV and CV. However, the adsorption mechanism of polar and non-polar compounds generated in waste edible oil by CAS was related with the presence of silica gel molecules in CAS. The findings indicated that CAS was useful for the regeneration of waste edible oil.
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
authors: Fumihiko
authors: F
authors: Ogata
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Tanaka
authors: Hisato
authors: H
authors: Tominaga
authors: Moe
authors: M
authors: Kangawa
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Inoue
authors: Ayaka
authors: A
authors: Ueda
authors: Yuka
authors: Y
authors: Iwata
authors: Naohito
authors: N
authors: Kawasaki
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis*; D005503:Food Additives; D005511:Food Handling; D006358:Hot Temperature; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D017640:Silicates; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005503:Food Additives; D009821:Oils; D017640:Silicates; D013229:Stearic Acids; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D019301:Oleic Acid; D019308:Palmitic Acid; C031183:stearic acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D024505:Tocopherols; C031293:calcium silicate