title: Case management and self-management support for frequent users with chronic disease in primary care: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic diseases represent a major challenge for health care and social services. A number of people with chronic diseases require more services due to characteristics that increase their vulnerability. Given the burden of increasingly vulnerable patients on primary care, a pragmatic intervention in four Family Medicine Groups (primary care practices in Quebec, Canada) has been proposed for individuals with chronic diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal diseases and/or chronic pain) who are frequent users of hospital services. The intervention combines case management by a nurse with group support meetings encouraging self-management based on the Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Management Program. The goals of this study are to: (1) analyze the implementation of the intervention in the participating practices in order to determine how the various contexts have influenced the implementation and the observed effects; (2) evaluate the proximal (self-efficacy, self-management, health habits, activation and psychological distress) and intermediate (empowerment, quality of life and health care use) effects of the intervention on patients; (3) conduct an economic analysis of the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis of the implementation will be conducted using realistic evaluation and participatory approaches within four categories of stakeholders (Family Medicine Group and health centre management, Family Medicine Group practitioners, patients and their families, health centre or community partners). The data will be obtained through individual and group interviews, project documentation reviews and by documenting the intervention. Evaluation of the effects on patients will be based on a pragmatic randomized before-after experimental design with a delayed intervention control group (six months). Economic analysis will include cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The integration of a case management intervention delivered by nurses and self-management group support into primary care practices has the potential to positively impact patient empowerment and quality of life and hopefully reduce the burden on health care. Decision-makers, managers and health care professionals will be aware of the factors to consider in promoting the implementation of this intervention into other primary care practices in the region and elsewhere.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT01719991.
authors: Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; 555, boul, de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada. mcchouin@uqac.ca
authors: Maud-Christine
authors: MC
authors: Chouinard
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Hudon
authors: Marie-France
authors: MF
authors: Dubois
authors: Pasquale
authors: P
authors: Roberge
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Loignon
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Tchouaket
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Fortin
authors: Eva-Marjorie
authors: EM
authors: Couture
authors: Maxime
authors: M
authors: Sasseville
mesh_terms: D019090:Case Management / Q000191:economics; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011320:Primary Health Care; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011792:Quebec; D012648:Self Care; D012944:Social Support
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