title: Epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe and its prevention by available vaccines.
abstract: Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE), which is caused by a Flavivirus, is the most common tick-transmitted disease in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. Today, TBE is endemic in 27 European countries, and has become an international public health problem. The epidemiology of TBE is changing owing to various factors, such as improvements in diagnosis and case reporting, increased recreational activities in areas populated by ticks, and changes in climatic conditions affecting tick habitats. Vaccination remains the most effective protective measure against TBE for people living in risk zones, occupationally exposed subjects and travelers to endemic areas. The vaccines currently in use are FSME-Immun(®), Encepur(®), EnceVir(®) and TBE vaccine Moscow(®). The numerous studies performed on the efficacy and safety of these vaccines have shown a high level of immunogenicity and an excellent safety profile. Several studies have also shown a high level of cross-protection among strains belonging to different subtypes.   In the present paper we attempted to describe the continuously changing epidemiology of TBE in European States and to overview clinical development of available vaccines paying particular attention on cross-protection elicited by the vaccines.
authors: Department of Health Sciences; University of Genoa; Genoa, Italy.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Amicizia
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Domnich
authors: Donatella
authors: D
authors: Panatto
authors: Piero Luigi
authors: PL
authors: Lai
authors: Maria Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Cristina
authors: Ulderico
authors: U
authors: Avio
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Gasparini
mesh_terms: D004675:Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: TBE vaccines; epidemiology; prevention; tick-borne encephalitis; vaccine cross-protection
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