title: Cytokines, cytokine antagonists, and soluble adhesion molecules in pediatric OMS and other neuroinflammatory disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test for hypothesized disease- and treatment-induced changes in cytokines and adhesion molecules in children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiplex bead assay technology was used for simultaneous measurement of 34 soluble cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured by ELISA. In total, there were 388 children (239 OMS, 114 controls, and 35 other inflammatory neurological disorders (OIND)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In untreated OMS, mean CSF IL-6 was elevated 2.3-fold, but 67-fold in OIND, without significant differences in other CSF cytokines. Mean serum concentrations of sIL-2Ra (+50%) and CXCL1 (+70%) (p<0.0001) were also raised. CSF CCL5 was more often detected in untreated OMS than controls (p=0.005), as was serum CCL11 and IL-13 in treated OMS. Mean CSF CCL4 and IL-1Ra were selectively higher in IVIg-treated OMS (p≤0.0001). CSF sICAM-1 was elevated only in OIND (3.3-fold); serum sICAM-1 was higher in untreated OMS (+21%); and sVCAM-1 was not affected. No correlations with OMS severity or duration were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novel cytokine, cytokine antagonist, and soluble adhesion molecule abnormalities due to OMS or treatment were found. However, the normality of much of the data strengthens previous findings implicating B cell mechanisms.
authors: National Pediatric Myoclonus Center and Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, USA. mpranzatelli@siumed.edu
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Pranzatelli
authors: Elizabeth D
authors: ED
authors: Tate
authors: Nathan R
authors: NR
authors: McGee
authors: Jerry A
authors: JA
authors: Colliver
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007223:Infant; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D053578:Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D018836:Inflammation Mediators