title: Shine a light on immobilized enzymes: real-time sensing in solid supported biocatalysts.
abstract: Enzyme immobilization on solid supports has been key to biotransformation development. Although technologies for immobilization have largely reached maturity, the resulting biocatalysts are not well understood mechanistically. One limitation is that their internal environment is usually inferred from external data. Therefore, biological consequences of the immobilization remain masked by physical effects of mass transfer, obstructing further development. Work reviewed herein shows that opto-chemical sensing performed directly within the solid support enables the biocatalyst's internal environment to be uncovered quantitatively and in real time. Non-invasive methods of intraparticle pH and O2 determination are presented, and their use as process analytical tools for development of heterogeneous biocatalysts is described. Method diversification to other analytes remains a challenging task for the future.
authors: Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors: Juan M
authors: JM
authors: Bolivar
authors: Tanja
authors: T
authors: Consolati
authors: Torsten
authors: T
authors: Mayr
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Nidetzky
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D010100:Oxygen