title: Ectopic fat deposition in prediabetic overweight and obese minority adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optimizing effective prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in youth is limited by incomplete understanding of its pathophysiology and how this varies across ethnicities with high risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), hepatic fat fraction (HFF), and pancreatic fat fraction (PFF) to prediabetes in overweight/obese African American (AA) and Latino youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study in an academic pediatric care facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 148 healthy, overweight/obese adolescents (56 AA, 92 Latino; 72 males, 76 females; age, 15.5 ± 1.2 y; BMI z-score, 2.1 ± 0.5) participated in the study. They were normal glucose tolerant (n = 106) and prediabetic (n = 42), based on fasting glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and/or 2-hour glucose of 140-199 mg/dL, and/or hemoglobin A1C 6.0-6.4%.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured sc abdominal adipose tissue, VAT, HFF, and PFF by 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and measured total body fat by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents with prediabetes had 30% higher HFF (P = .001) and 31% higher PFF (P = .042), compared to those with normal glucose tolerance after controlling for age, sex, pubertal stage, ethnicity, total percentage body fat, and VAT. Logistic regression showed that PFF predicted prediabetes in AAs and HFF predicted prediabetes in Latinos, with the odds of having prediabetes increased by 66% for every 1% increase in PFF in African Americans, and increased by 22% for every 1% increase in HFF in Latinos.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that ectopic fat phenotypes associated with prediabetes are established by adolescence. Ethnic differences in the deposition of ectopic fat in adolescents with prediabetes may differ, with pancreatic fat in AAs, vs hepatic fat in Latino adolescents, being associated with diabetes risk.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 200, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors: Claudia M
authors: CM
authors: Toledo-Corral
authors: Tanya L
authors: TL
authors: Alderete
authors: Houchun H
authors: HH
authors: Hu
authors: Krishna
authors: K
authors: Nayak
authors: Sherryl
authors: S
authors: Esplana
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Liu
authors: Michael I
authors: MI
authors: Goran
authors: Marc J
authors: MJ
authors: Weigensberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors
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