title: Effects of Lepidium sativum, Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graceum on phenytoin pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs.
abstract: The present work was designed to evaluate the effect of some commonly used herbs viz. garden cress (Lepidium sativum), black seed (Nigella sativa) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum) on the disposition of phenytoin after oral administration in a dog model. Phenytoin was given orally at a dose of 50 mg, and blood samples were obtained for the determination of drug's pharmacokinetic parameters. After a suitable washout period, animals were commenced on a specific herb treatment for one week. Garden cress treatment caused a modest increase in maximum observed concentration (Cmax ) and terminal half-life (T1/2λ ) of phenytoin with a reduction in clearance by 33%. The effect of black seed therapy was more drastic on drug elimination and to a lesser extent on its volume of distribution at steady state (Vss ) with a consequent reduction in systemic exposure measured by area under the curve (AUC0-∞ ) by about 87%. The effect of fenugreek therapy resembled, albeit to a lesser extent, that of black seed with a significant reduction in AUC0-∞ by ~72%. In addition, there was a 73% increase in Vss . Our findings suggest that the phenytoin disposition can be significantly altered by the concurrent consumption of tested herbal products.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Khalid M
authors: KM
authors: Alkharfy
authors: Fahad I
authors: FI
authors: Al-Jenoobi
authors: Abdullah M
authors: AM
authors: Al-Mohizea
authors: Saleh A
authors: SA
authors: Al-Suwayeh
authors: Rao M A
authors: RM
authors: Khan
authors: Ajaz
authors: A
authors: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D006207:Half-Life; D041743:Herb-Drug Interactions; D031220:Lepidium sativum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D031881:Nigella sativa / Q000737:chemistry*; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D029910:Trigonella / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010672:Phenytoin
keywords: Lepidium sativum; Nigella sativa; Trigonella foenum-graceum; herbal interaction; pharmacokinetics; phenytoin