title: Relationship of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis to bone mineral density in women.
abstract: The relationship between spinal curvature and bone mineral density (BMD) in women was examined. Significant relationships were observed between spinal curvature and BMD in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Excessive spinal curvature may be associated with low bone mass in premenopausal women.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between spinal measurements of thoracic and lumbar curvatures and bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data for this study were obtained from the Texas Woman's University Pioneer Project. Female participants (n = 242; premenopausal n = 104, postmenopausal n = 138) between the ages of 18 and 60 years were evaluated on multiple health measures. Thoracic and lumbar curvatures were measured with a 24-in. (60 cm) flexicurve. Bone mineral density was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar DPX IQ, version 4.6e). Pearson correlations and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the associations between the obtained spinal curvature measurements and bone mineral density. Significance was set at p < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant correlations were observed for the femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density with thoracic and lumbar curve in premenopausal women (r = -.344 to - .525; p < .001). Slightly weaker, but significant, correlations were observed for femoral neck and lumbar spine in relation to thoracic and lumbar curve in postmenopausal women (r = -.288 to -.397; p < .01). Premenopausal women with thoracic curvature greater than 4 cm had a greater risk of having low bone mass compared to premenopausal women with less than 4 cm of curvature (odds ratio = 3.982, 95 % CI = 1.206, 13.144).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed negative relationship suggests that as either thoracic or lumbar curvature increases, the regional bone mineral density decreases in both pre- and postmenopausal women.
authors: Department of Kinesiology and Institute for Women's Health, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA. apavlovic@twu.edu
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Pavlovic
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: Nichols
authors: C F
authors: CF
authors: Sanborn
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: Dimarco
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008141:Lordosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
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