title: Glucocorticoids and the regulation of growth hormone secretion.
abstract: Glucocorticoids modulate the secretion of growth hormone (GH) by various and competing effects on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The final effects of this modulation depend on hormone concentrations and the duration of exposure. The traditional hypothesis is that chronically raised levels of glucocorticoids suppress the secretion of GH. However, a functional impairment of the GH reserve might also be observed in patients with low levels of glucocorticoids, such as those with secondary hypoadrenalism, which is consistent with the model of biphasic dose-dependent effects of glucocorticoids on the somatotropic axis. This Review updates our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of glucocorticoids on the secretion of GH and the clinical implications of the dual action of glucocorticoids on the GH reserve in humans. This Review will also address the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications of GH for patients with a deficiency or excess of glucocorticoids.
authors: Department of Medicine, Endocrine and Bone Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Carlo Poma of Mantua, 46100 Mantua, Italy.
authors: Gherardo
authors: G
authors: Mazziotti
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Giustina
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000172:deficiency; D000818:Animals; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011506:Proteins; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D013006:Growth Hormone
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