title: International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB).
abstract: Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature on the use of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) as a nutritional supplement. The ISSN has concluded the following. 1. HMB can be used to enhance recovery by attenuating exercise induced skeletal muscle damage in trained and untrained populations. 2. If consuming HMB, an athlete will benefit from consuming the supplement in close proximity to their workout. 3. HMB appears to be most effective when consumed for 2 weeks prior to an exercise bout. 4. Thirty-eight mg·kg·BM-1 daily of HMB has been demonstrated to enhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy, strength, and power in untrained and trained populations when the appropriate exercise prescription is utilized. 5. Currently, two forms of HMB have been used: Calcium HMB (HMB-Ca) and a free acid form of HMB (HMB-FA). HMB-FA may increase plasma absorption and retention of HMB to a greater extent than HMB-CA. However, research with HMB-FA is in its infancy, and there is not enough research to support whether one form is superior. 6. HMB has been demonstrated to increase LBM and functionality in elderly, sedentary populations. 7. HMB ingestion in conjunction with a structured exercise program may result in greater declines in fat mass (FM). 8. HMB's mechanisms of action include an inhibition and increase of proteolysis and protein synthesis, respectively. 9. Chronic consumption of HMB is safe in both young and old populations.
authors: Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors: Jacob M
authors: JM
authors: Wilson
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Fitschen
authors: Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Dept. of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, PED 214, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
authors: Bill
authors: B
authors: Campbell
authors: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors: Gabriel J
authors: GJ
authors: Wilson
authors: Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, Physical Education and School of Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Nelo
authors: N
authors: Zanchi
authors: Human Performance Laboratory, Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA.
authors: Lem
authors: L
authors: Taylor
authors: Human Performance Laboratory, Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA.
authors: Colin
authors: C
authors: Wilborn
authors: Miami Research Associates, Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, 6141 Sunset Drive - Suite 301, Miami, FL, 33143, USA.
authors: Douglas S
authors: DS
authors: Kalman
authors: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
authors: Jeffrey R
authors: JR
authors: Stout
authors: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
authors: Jay R
authors: JR
authors: Hoffman
authors: The Center for Applied Health Sciences, Stow, OH, 44224, USA.
authors: Tim N
authors: TN
authors: Ziegenfuss
authors: The Center for Applied Health Sciences, Stow, OH, 44224, USA.|Supplement Safety Solutions, Bedford, MA, USA.
authors: Hector L
authors: HL
authors: Lopez
authors: Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
authors: Richard B
authors: RB
authors: Kreider
authors: Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-8605, USA.
authors: Abbie E
authors: AE
authors: Smith-Ryan
authors: Exercise and Sports Science, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, 33314, USA.
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Antonio
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