title: Legal liability in iatrogenic orbital injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we detailed factors governing legal outcomes in iatrogenic orbital injury, with the purpose of discussing strategies to minimize liability and enhance patient safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Jury verdict and settlement reports were searched from publically available federal and state court records using the Westlaw database (Thomson Reuters, New York, NY). After exclusion of nonrelevant cases, 20 cases of iatrogenic orbital injuries were examined for factors such as legal outcome, damages awarded, defendant specialty, alleged causes of malpractice, and patient demographic information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority (60.0%) of cases were resolved in the defendant's favor. Payment was considerable for the cases decided in support of the plaintiff, averaging $1.13 million. Out-of-court settlements averaged $1.78 million (range, $487,500-$3.9 million), whereas jury-awarded damages averaged $472,661 (range, $75,000-$763,214). Complications stemming from endoscopic sinus surgery were most common (50.0%). Diplopia was the most common medical complaint (50.0%), whereas permanent deficits and having to undergo additional surgery were each present in 65.0% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential for permanent sequelae of iatrogenic orbital injury makes this complication susceptible to malpractice litigation. Otolaryngologists were the most common defendants. Although cases were resolved in the defendant's favor 60% of the time, payments made were considerable, averaging $1.13 million. Steps to minimize liability and improve patient safety include an informed consent process explicitly listing risks, including diplopia and blindness, and obtaining timely ophthalmology consultation when a complication is recognized.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
authors: Peter F
authors: PF
authors: Svider
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Kovalerchik
authors: Andrew C
authors: AC
authors: Mauro
authors: Soly
authors: S
authors: Baredes
authors: Jean Anderson
authors: JA
authors: Eloy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D016365:Liability, Legal; D008297:Male; D008318:Malpractice / Q000191:economics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000293:injuries*; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Liability; iatrogenic orbital injury; malpractice; malpractice trial; negligence