title: Neuroprotection against iron-induced cell death by perineuronal nets - an in vivo analysis of oxidative stress.
abstract: Perineuronal nets (PNs) are a specialized form of extracellular matrix, surrounding different types of neurons and mainly consist of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans connected to hyaluronan, stabilized by link protein and cross-linked via tenascin-R. Due to their polyanionic character, caused by the highly charged chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan and hyaluronan components, PNs might be involved in local ion homeostasis. They are able to scavenge and bind redox-active ions and thus reduce the local oxidative potential. We investigated whether netenwrapped neurons are less vulnerable against iron-induced oxidative processes. Oxidative stress is a key factor in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Iron is believed to contribute to oxidative stress in Alzheimer brains by catalyzing the generation of free radicals. For examining potential neuroprotective effects of PNs, mice were microinjected with 0.2μl of a 20mM solution of FeCl3 into the barrel field while the control group received an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl. Brains were analyzed after time intervals of 24h and 72h. Neuronal degeneration was visualized using Fluoro-Jade B staining. The presence of PNs was assessed by Wisteria floribunda agglutinin histochemistry or aggrecan immunocytochemistry. The analysis showed a significant lower degeneration rate of net-ensheathed neurons in comparison to neurons without PNs. The results suggest a neuroprotective mechanism associated with the presence of PNs against iron-induced cell death.
authors: University of Leipzig, Department for Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research Jahnallee 59, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Suttkus
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Rohn
authors: Carsten
authors: C
authors: Jäger
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Arendt
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Morawski
keywords: Perineuronal nets; iron; neuroprotection; oxidative stress
references: Neuroscience. 1999;92(3):791-805
references: 10426522
references: Glia. 1993 Jul;8(3):183-200
references: 7693589
references: Neuroscience. 2010 Nov 10;170(4):1314-27
references: 20732394
references: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1994 Jan;19(1):128-45
references: 8167657
references: Exp Neurol. 2004 Aug;188(2):309-15
references: 15246831
references: Brain Res. 2007 May 30;1150:200-6
references: 17397805
references: J Comp Neurol. 2000 Dec 25;428(4):616-29
references: 11077416
references: Brain Res. 1994 Feb 21;637(1-2):57-67
references: 7910106
references: J Physiol. 2009 Aug 15;587(Pt 16):4029-49
references: 19546165
references: Neurosci Lett. 1994 May 19;172(1-2):51-4
references: 7521953
references: Nat Med. 2012 Jan 29;18(2):291-5
references: 22286308
references: Anat Embryol (Berl). 1998 Apr;197(4):249-62
references: 9565318
references: Neuroscience. 2008 Jan 24;151(2):489-504
references: 18055126
references: J Neurocytol. 1996 May;25(5):333-46
references: 8818977
references: Antioxid Redox Signal. 2000 Fall;2(3):413-20
references: 11229355
references: Histochem Cell Biol. 2008 Oct;130(4):635-53
references: 18696101
references: Brain Pathol. 2012 Jul;22(4):547-61
references: 22126211
references: Science. 2002 Nov 8;298(5596):1248-51
references: 12424383
references: Dan Med Bull. 2002 Nov;49(4):279-301
references: 12553165
references: J Anat. 2004 Jan;204(1):33-48
references: 14690476
references: Brain Res. 1996 May 13;720(1-2):84-92
references: 8782900
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 2;94(18):9866-8
references: 9275217
references: Cell. 2010 Sep 17;142(6):857-67
references: 20817278
references: Brain Res. 2001 Apr 27;899(1-2):123-33
references: 11311873
references: Neuroscience. 2010 Sep 1;169(3):1347-63
references: 20497908
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Mar;1012:179-82
references: 15105265
references: Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Jul;31(7):1254-6
references: 18829133
references: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012 May;44(5):690-3
references: 22297263