title: Regulation of visfatin by microbial and biomechanical signals in PDL cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study was established to examine whether visfatin thought to be a link between periodontitis and obesity is produced by periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and, if so, whether its synthesis is modulated by microbial and/or biomechanical signals.
  
  
  METHODS
  PDL cells seeded on BioFlex® plates were exposed to the oral pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 and/or subjected to biomechanical strain for up to 3 days. Gene expression of visfatin and toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 was analyzed by RT-PCR, visfatin protein synthesis by ELISA and immunocytochemistry, and NFκB nuclear translocation by immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  F. nucleatum upregulated the visfatin expression in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Preincubation with neutralizing antibodies against TLR2 and TLR4 caused a significant inhibition of the F. nucleatum-upregulated visfatin expression at 1 day. F. nucleatum stimulated the NFκB nuclear translocation. Biomechanical loading reduced the stimulatory effects of F. nucleatum on visfatin expression at 1 and 3 days and also abrogated the F. nucleatum-induced NFκB nuclear translocation at 60 min. Biomechanical loading inhibited significantly the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 at 3 days. The regulatory effects of F. nucleatum and/or biomechanical loading on visfatin expression were also observed at protein level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDL cells produce visfatin, and this production is enhanced by F. nucleatum. Biomechanical loading seems to be protective against the effects of F. nucleatum on visfatin expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visfatin produced by periodontal tissues could play a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the interactions with obesity and other systemic diseases.
authors: Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista -- UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors: Andressa Vilas Boas
authors: AV
authors: Nogueira
authors: Marjan
authors: M
authors: Nokhbehsaim
authors: Sigrun
authors: S
authors: Eick
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Bourauel
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Jäger
authors: Søren
authors: S
authors: Jepsen
authors: Joni Augusto
authors: JA
authors: Cirelli
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Deschner
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase
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