title: Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 induced by immunization.
abstract: Most neutralizing antibodies act at the earliest steps of viral infection and block interaction of the virus with cellular receptors to prevent entry into host cells. The inability to induce neutralizing antibodies to HIV has been a major obstacle to HIV vaccine research since the early days of the epidemic. However, in the past three years, the definition of a neutralizing antibody against HIV has been revolutionized by the isolation of extremely broad and potent neutralizing antibodies from HIV-infected individuals. Considerable hurdles remain for inducing neutralizing antibodies to a protective level after immunization. Meanwhile, novel technologies to bypass the induction of antibodies are being explored to provide prophylactic antibody-based interventions. This review addresses the challenge of inducing HIV neutralizing antibodies upon immunization and considers notable recent advances in the field. A greater understanding of the successes and failures for inducing a neutralizing response upon immunization is required to accelerate the development of an effective HIV vaccine.
authors: Wohl Virion Centre, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK.
authors: Laura E
authors: LE
authors: McCoy
authors: Robin A
authors: RA
authors: Weiss
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D018448:Models, Immunological; D008958:Models, Molecular
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41
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