title: Chickens treated with a nitric oxide inhibitor became more resistant to Plasmodium gallinaceum infection due to reduced anemia, thrombocytopenia and inflammation.
abstract: Malaria is a serious infectious disease caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus that affect different vertebrate hosts. Severe malaria leads to host death and involves different pathophysiological phenomena such as anemia, thrombocytopenia and inflammation. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important effector molecule in this disease, but little is known about its role in avian malaria models. Plasmodium gallinaceum-infected chickens were treated with aminoguanidine (AG), an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, to observe the role of NO in the pathogenesis of this avian model. AG increased the survival of chickens, but also induced higher parasitemia. Treated chickens demonstrated reduced anemia and thrombocytopenia. Moreover, erythrocytes at different stages of maturation, heterophils, monocytes and thrombocytes were infected by Plasmodium gallinaceum and animals presented a generalized leucopenia. Activated leukocytes and thrombocytes with elongated double nuclei were observed in chickens with higher parasitemia; however, eosinophils were not involved in the infection. AG reduced levels of hemozoin in the spleen and liver, indicating lower inflammation. Taken together, the results suggest that AG reduced anemia, thrombocytopenia and inflammation, explaining the greater survival rate of the treated chickens.
authors: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. renato@uenf.br.
authors: Barbarella Matos
authors: BM
authors: de Macchi
authors: Farlen José Bebber
authors: FJ
authors: Miranda
authors: Fernanda Silva
authors: FS
authors: de Souza
authors: Eulógio Carlos Queiroz
authors: EC
authors: de Carvalho
authors: Antônio Peixoto
authors: AP
authors: Albernaz
authors: José Luiz Martins
authors: JL
authors: do Nascimento
authors: Renato Augusto
authors: RA
authors: DaMatta
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002645:Chickens; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000662:veterinary; D006146:Guanidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D008289:Malaria, Avian / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010964:Plasmodium gallinaceum / Q000502:physiology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C004479:pimagedine
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