title: Accelerated and enhanced bone formation on novel simvastatin-loaded porous titanium oxide surfaces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With increasing application of dental implants in poor-quality bones, the need for implant surfaces ensuring accelerated osseointegration and enhanced peri-implant bone regeneration is increased.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A study was performed to evaluate the osseointegration and bone formation on novel simvastatin-loaded porous titanium oxide surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  Titanium screws were treated by micro-arc oxidation to form porous oxide surface and 25 or 50 μg of simvastatin was loaded. The nontreated control, micro-arc oxidized, and simvastatin-loaded titanium screws were surgically implanted into the proximal tibia of 16-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 36). Peri-implant bone volume, bone-implant contact, and mineral apposition rates were measured at 2 and 4 weeks. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New bone was formed directly on the implant surface in the bone marrow cavity in simvastatin-loaded groups since 2 weeks. Bone-implant contact values were significantly higher in simvastatin-loaded groups than control and micro-arc oxidized groups at both time points (p < .05). Peri-implant bone volume and mineral apposition rate of simvastatin-loaded groups were significantly higher than control and micro-arc oxidized groups at 2 weeks (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggested that simvastatin-loaded porous titanium oxide surface provides faster osseointegration and peri-implant bone formation and it would be potentially applicable in poor-quality bones.
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, University of Dental Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar; Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Global Center of Excellence Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Myat
authors: M
authors: Nyan
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Hao
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Miyahara
authors: Kanako
authors: K
authors: Noritake
authors: Reena
authors: R
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Shohei
authors: S
authors: Kasugai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development; D015921:Dental Implants; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; C009495:titanium dioxide; D019821:Simvastatin; D014025:Titanium
keywords: bone regeneration; micro-arc oxidation; osseointegration; simvastatin; titanium oxide