title: Occupational radiation dose to eyes from endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures in light of the revised eye lens dose limit from the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a common procedure that combines the use of X-ray fluoroscopy and endoscopy for examination of the bile duct. Published data on ERCP doses are limited, including staff eye dose from ERCP. Occupational eye doses are of particular interest now as the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recommended a reduction in the dose limit to the lens of the eye. The aim of this study was to measure occupational eye doses obtained from ERCP procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new eye lens dosemeter (EYE-D(™), Radcard, Krakow, Poland) was used to measure the ERCP eye dose, H(p)(3), at two endoscopy departments in Ireland. A review of radiation protection practice at the two facilities was also carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean equivalent dose to the lens of the eye of a gastroenterologist is 0.01 mSv per ERCP procedure with an undercouch X-ray tube and 0.09 mSv per ERCP procedure with an overcouch X-ray tube. Staff eye dose normalised to patient kerma area product is also presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Staff eye doses in ERCP have the potential to exceed the revised ICRP limit of 20 mSv per annum when an overcouch X-ray tube is used. The EYE-D dosemeter was found to be a convenient method for measuring lens dose. Eye doses in areas outside of radiology departments should be kept under review, particularly in light of the new ICRP eye dose limit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational eye lens doses from ERCP procedures have been established using a new commercially available dedicated H(p)(3) dosemeter.
authors: Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland. uoconnor@stjames.ie
authors: U
authors: U
authors: O'Connor
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Gallagher
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Malone
authors: G
authors: G
authors: O'Reilly
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards; D012015:Reference Standards
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