title: Pediatric anophthalmic sockets and orbital implants: outcomes with polymer-coated implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare wrapped and polymer-coated hydroxyapatite implants in children undergoing primary enucleation with no adjuvant therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, interventional cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children undergoing primary enucleation without adjuvant therapies between 1999 and 2009 at a tertiary pediatric cancer hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review and analysis of patient records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Implant exposure, extrusion and migration, socket contracture, and formation of pyogenic granuloma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty consecutive patients undergoing primary enucleation with no adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation with follow-up of at least 12 months were included. Retinoblastoma was the diagnosis in 59 eyes (98.3%). Median follow-up was 3.6 years (range, 1.0-9.3 years). Two implant sizes were used: 20 mm in 47 patients (78.3%) and 18 mm in 13 patients (21.7%). Overall, 52 patients (86.7%) had an event-free recovery. Polymer-coated hydroxyapatite implants (43/60, 71.7%), when compared with wrapped ones (17/60, 28.3%), had a trend toward greater event-free recovery (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-7.7) and lower exposure rate (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.4-10.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of polymer-coated hydroxyapatite implants is associated with favorable outcomes in the pediatric population. Despite observed complications, long-term implant retention is possible in most children.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Kirzhner
authors: Yevgeniy
authors: Y
authors: Shildkrot
authors: Barrett G
authors: BG
authors: Haik
authors: Ibrahim
authors: I
authors: Qaddoumi
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Rodriguez-Galindo
authors: Matthew W
authors: MW
authors: Wilson
mesh_terms: D062088:Acellular Dermis; D000853:Anophthalmos / Q000601:surgery*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017886:Durapatite; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D020273:Orbital Implants; D011098:Polyglactin 910; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011098:Polyglactin 910; D017886:Durapatite