title: Sulphur limitation provokes physiological and leaf proteome changes in oilseed rape that lead to perturbation of sulphur, carbon and oxidative metabolisms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The decline in industrial emissions of sulphur (S) has led to a sulphate depletion in soil resulting in an alteration of crop performance. In oilseed rape, an S deficiency dramatically reduced the seed yield and/or quality. Paradoxically, little is known about the impact of sulphate limitation on oilseed rape leaf metabolism, despite it being a key determinant of growth. In order to identify the metabolic processes involved in the oilseed rape response to S restriction, an analysis of the young leaf proteome combined with a physiological study was carried out at the vegetative stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S limitation does not significantly reduce the total shoot biomass but inhibits growth and photosynthesis of young leaves. This photosynthesis decline is not due to a decrease in chlorophyll content, which remains similar to Control. The increase in anthocyanins and H(2)O(2) content in young leaves of S-limited plants suggests that S restriction leads to an oxidative stress. Proteomic analysis at 35 d of S limitation also revealed the induction of 12-oxophitodienoate reductase and ACC synthase, respectively involved in jasmonate and ethylene biosynthesis, two phytohormones that could be implicated in oxidative stress. Proteins involved in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism were also modulated by S restriction. In particular, the decrease in plastocyanin and ferredoxin-NADP reductase suggests that H(2)O(2) accumulation is associated with perturbation of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The accumulation of chloroplastic Cu-Zn SOD reinforces the idea that an oxidative stress probably occurs in the chloroplast. Proteomic results suggest that the maintenance of chlorophyll in S-limited conditions is related to an accumulation of Water Soluble Chlorophyll binding Proteins, involved in the protection of chlorophyll against ROS. The accumulation of the catalytic α-subunit of chloroplastic ATP synthase suggests that energy production is maintained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S limitation leads to photosynthesis and carbon metabolism disturbances that could be responsible for the oxidative stress observed in the young leaves of oilseed rape. Despite this, induction of proteins involved in oxidative stress resistance and energy production shows that the leaf capacity to capture and use photosynthetic active radiations for ATP production remains efficient for as long as possible.
authors: UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Écophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Institut de Biologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, Caen Cedex F-14032, France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: D'Hooghe
authors: Sacha
authors: S
authors: Escamez
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Trouverie
authors: Jean-Christophe
authors: JC
authors: Avice
mesh_terms: D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D013455:Sulfur; D002244:Carbon
references: Plant Physiol. 1998 Oct;118(2):637-50
references: 9765550
references: New Phytol. 2010 Apr;186(1):216-27
references: 20100210
references: Plant J. 2006 Nov;48(4):557-71
references: 17059406
references: Tree Physiol. 2010 Jan;30(1):68-77
references: 19933494
references: Plant Cell Environ. 2006 Mar;29(3):382-95
references: 17080593
references: Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2007 Sep;9(5):647-53
references: 17853364
references: Plant Physiol. 1989 Sep;91(1):1-4
references: 16666977
references: Plant Physiol. 1999 Jul;120(3):637-44
references: 10398698
references: Plant J. 2003 Feb;33(4):651-63
references: 12609039
references: J Exp Bot. 2009;60(11):3239-53
references: 19553370
references: J Exp Bot. 2010 Jun;61(10):2635-46
references: 20403880
references: Planta. 1998 Feb;204(2):177-82
references: 9487724
references: Plant Physiol. 2004 Sep;136(1):2483-99
references: 15375205
references: Plant Physiol. 2010 Nov;154(3):1143-57
references: 20876337
references: Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Jun;31(3):585-93
references: 8790291
references: Plant Cell. 2004 Oct;16(10):2693-704
references: 15367713
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 6;101(27):10205-10
references: 15199185
references: Gen Physiol Biophys. 2002 Sep;21(3):257-65
references: 12537350
references: Plant Cell. 2006 Nov;18(11):3235-51
references: 17114350
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 16;107(7):3251-6
references: 20133698
references: Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54
references: 942051
references: Plant Physiol. 1998 Dec;118(4):1337-44
references: 9847107
references: J Plant Physiol. 2011 Aug 15;168(12):1444-51
references: 21481489
references: J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 8;280(27):25590-5
references: 15866872
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 1998 Oct;1(5):404-11
references: 10066616
references: J Exp Bot. 2005 Jul;56(417):1887-96
references: 15911562
references: Mol Cells. 2010 Jul;30(1):37-49
references: 20652494
references: Plant Physiol. 2003 Jun;132(2):597-605
references: 12805590
references: Electrophoresis. 2003 Jul;24(14):2369-75
references: 12874872
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Aug;147(4):1830-44
references: 18552235
references: Photosynth Res. 2005 Dec;86(3):491-508
references: 16307302
references: J Exp Bot. 2010 Oct;61(15):4313-24
references: 20693411
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11640-5
references: 12185253
references: Funct Plant Biol. 2007 Oct;34(10):895-906
references: 32689418
references: Mol Plant. 2010 Mar;3(2):314-25
references: 20139159
references: Plant Cell Physiol. 2012 May;53(5):879-91
references: 22419824
references: Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2007 Sep;9(5):654-61
references: 17853365
references: Phytochemistry. 2009 Sep;70(13-14):1532-8
references: 19703696
references: Plant J. 2003 Feb;33(4):633-50
references: 12609038
references: J Plant Physiol. 2009 Jan 30;166(2):168-79
references: 18556087
references: J Exp Bot. 2004 Aug;55(404):1831-42
references: 15286142
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Jun;147(2):897-911
references: 18400935
references: Proteomics. 2003 Jul;3(7):1299-302
references: 12872230
references: Amino Acids. 2006 Mar;30(2):173-83
references: 16552493
references: Plant Physiol. 2005 May;138(1):304-18
references: 15834012
references: J Exp Bot. 2004 Aug;55(404):1861-70
references: 15208339
references: J Exp Bot. 2004 Aug;55(404):1871-9
references: 15208337