title: Version-vergence interactions during memory-guided binocular gaze shifts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visual orientation toward remembered or visible visual targets requires binocular gaze shifts that are accurate in direction (version) and ocular distance (vergence). We determined the accuracy of combined version and vergence movements and the contribution of the abducting and adducting eye during gaze shifts toward memorized and visual targets in three-dimensional space.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects fixated either a "far" (94 cm) or "near" (31 cm) fixation light-emitting diode (LED) placed in front of the left eye. Next, in the memory-guided experiment, a target LED was lit for 80 ms (13 cm to the left or right and at 45 cm viewing distance). Subjects were instructed to make a saccade to the (remembered) target LED location. In the visually guided experiment, the target LED remained illuminated during the task. In both conditions, gaze shifts consisted of version and vergence movements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visually guided gaze shifts had both a fast intrasaccadic and a slow postsaccadic vergence component and were most accurate. During memory-guided gaze shifts, the abducting eye was more accurate than the adducting eye. Distance correction was achieved by slow postsaccadic vergence of the adducting eye. Memory-guided gaze shifts that required convergence lacked an intrasaccadic vergence component and were less accurate compared to memory-guided gaze shifts that required divergence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visually guided binocular gaze shifts are faster and more accurate than memory-guided binocular gaze shifts. During memory-guided gaze shifts, the abducting eye has a leading role, and an intrasaccadic vergence enhancement during convergence is reduced.
authors: Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Joyce
authors: J
authors: Dits
authors: Johan J M
authors: JJ
authors: Pel
authors: Angelique
authors: A
authors: Remmers
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: van der Steen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology