title: Rhamnogalacturonan II is a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist that inhibits tumor growth by activating dendritic cell-mediated CD8+ T cells.
abstract: We evaluated the effectiveness of rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) vaccination on the induction of antitumor immunity in a mouse lymphoma model using EG7-lymphoma cells expressing ovalbumin (OVA). BMDCs treated with RG-II had an activated phenotype. RG-II induced interleukin (IL)-12, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production during dendritic cell (DC) maturation. BMDCs stimulated with RG-II facilitate the proliferation of CD8+ T cells. Using BMDCs from the mice deficient in Toll-like receptors (TLRs), we revealed that RG-II activity is dependent on TLR4. RG-II showed a preventive effect of immunization with OVA-pulsed BMDCs against EG7 lymphoma. These results suggested that RG-II expedites the DC-based immune response through the TLR4 signaling pathway.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, and Research Center for Hepatic and Biliary Cancer Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.
authors: Sung Nam
authors: SN
authors: Park
authors: Kyung Tae
authors: KT
authors: Noh
authors: Young-Il
authors: YI
authors: Jeong
authors: In Duk
authors: ID
authors: Jung
authors: Hyun Kyu
authors: HK
authors: Kang
authors: Gil Sun
authors: GS
authors: Cha
authors: Su Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Jong Keun
authors: JK
authors: Seo
authors: Dae Hwan
authors: DH
authors: Kang
authors: Tae-Ho
authors: TH
authors: Hwang
authors: Eun Kyung
authors: EK
authors: Lee
authors: Byungsuk
authors: B
authors: Kwon
authors: Yeong-Min
authors: YM
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D010368:Pectins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010641:Phenotype; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010368:Pectins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein; C476286:Ticam1 protein, mouse; C042492:rhamnogalacturonan II
references: Eur J Immunol. 2005 Dec;35(12):3631-42
references: 16259005
references: Int Immunopharmacol. 2007 Sep;7(9):1221-31
references: 17630201
references: J Biol Chem. 2009 Feb 6;284(6):3700-8
references: 19075017
references: Planta Med. 1989 Feb;55(1):9-12
references: 17262250
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Dec 15;16(24):5942-8
references: 21045084
references: J Immunol. 2009 May 1;182(9):5217-24
references: 19380767
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Oct 9;98(21):12162-7
references: 11593031
references: J Immunol. 2003 Apr 15;170(8):4102-10
references: 12682240
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Aug 4;95(16):9482-7
references: 9689106
references: J Immunol. 2007 Feb 1;178(3):1564-72
references: 17237405
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 14;103(7):2274-9
references: 16461893
references: J Exp Med. 2002 Aug 19;196(4):417-30
references: 12186835
references: J Leukoc Biol. 2000 May;67(5):607-14
references: 10810999
references: Int J Cancer. 2001 Nov;94(4):459-73
references: 11745430
references: Cancer Res. 2001 Oct 15;61(20):7563-7
references: 11606395
references: Nat Immunol. 2005 Aug;6(8):769-76
references: 15995707
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2002 Feb;2(2):116-26
references: 11910893
references: Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Aug;3(8):1187-93
references: 12860174
references: Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Dec 1;58(11):1685-93
references: 10571242
references: J Immunol. 2000 Jun 15;164(12):6633-9
references: 10843723
references: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2004;55:109-39
references: 15377216
references: Carbohydr Res. 1997 May 16;300(3):239-49
references: 9202408
references: Curr Opin Immunol. 2003 Apr;15(2):138-47
references: 12633662
references: J Clin Invest. 2007 May;117(5):1195-203
references: 17476349
references: Curr Opin Immunol. 2003 Feb;15(1):5-11
references: 12495726
references: J Exp Med. 2000 Jun 5;191(11):2011-20
references: 10839815
references: J Dermatol Sci. 2006 Apr;42(1):1-11
references: 16352421
references: Cancer Gene Ther. 2007 Apr;14(4):409-20
references: 17235354
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2007 Aug;42(8):1396-402
references: 17706503
references: Mol Immunol. 2008 Mar;45(6):1557-66
references: 18006062
references: Eur J Immunol. 1996 Mar;26(3):659-68
references: 8605935
references: BMB Rep. 2012 Feb;45(2):79-84
references: 22360884
references: Blood. 2003 Jun 15;101(12):4923-9
references: 12609829
references: J Clin Oncol. 2004 Sep 15;22(18):3834-5; author reply 3835
references: 15365084
references: Nat Med. 1999 May;5(5):548-53
references: 10229232
references: J Biol Chem. 2012 Apr 20;287(17):14226-33
references: 22393041
references: Immunity. 2005 Apr;22(4):493-505
references: 15845453
references: Cancer Res. 1997 Feb 15;57(4):784-90
references: 9044861
references: Nat Med. 2000 Jun;6(6):673-9
references: 10835684
references: Plant Physiol. 1978 Sep;62(3):418-22
references: 16660529
references: Exp Mol Med. 2012 May 31;44(5):340-9
references: 22322306
references: Nature. 1998 Jun 4;393(6684):480-3
references: 9624005
references: Immunology. 2004 Jul;112(3):345-51
references: 15196201
references: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2003 Mar;52(3):133-44
references: 12649742