title: Polysomnographic evaluation of sleep quality and quantitative variables in women as a function of mood, reproductive status, and age.
abstract: This archival cross-sectional investigation examined the impact of mood, reproductive status (RS), and age on polysomnographic (PSG) measures in women. PSG was performed on 73 normal controls (NC) and 64 depressed patients (DP), in the course of studies in menstruating, pregnant, postpartum, and peri- and postmenopausal women. A two-factor, between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test the main effects of reproductive status (RS: menstrual vs pregnant vs postpartum vs menopausal) and diagnosis (NC vs DP), and their interaction, on PSG measures. To further refine the analyses, a two-factor, between subjects MANOVA was used to test the main effects of age (19 to 27 vs 28 to 36 vs 37 to 45 vs 46+ years) and diagnosis on the PSG data. Analyses revealed that in DP women, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep percentage was significantly elevated relative to NC across both RS and age. Significant differences in sleep efficiency, Stage 1%, and REM density were associated with RS; differences in total sleep time, Stage 2 percentage, and Stage 4 percentage were associated with differences in age. Both RS and age were related to differences in sleep latency, Stage 3 percentage, and Delta percentage. Finally, wake after sleep onset time, REM percentage, and REM latency did not vary with respect to RS or age. Overall, this investigation examined three major variables (mood, RS, and age) that are known to impact sleep in women. Of the variables, age appeared to have the greatest impact on PSG sleep measures, reflecting changes occurring across the lifespan.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, California 92161, USA. horff@ucsd.edu
authors: Henry J
authors: HJ
authors: Orff
authors: Charles J
authors: CJ
authors: Meliska
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Lopez
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Martinez
authors: Diane
authors: D
authors: Sorenson
authors: Barbara L
authors: BL
authors: Parry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D017584:Reproductive History; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: aging; depression; polysomnography (PSG); reproductive status; sleep quality
references: Sleep. 1994 Oct;17(7):576-82
references: 7846455
references: Climacteric. 2010 Dec;13(6):594-603
references: 20001564
references: Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Aug;94(2):219-24
references: 10432131
references: Sleep. 1992 Oct;15(5):449-53
references: 1455129
references: Psychiatry Res. 1989 Dec;30(3):285-303
references: 2616693
references: Am J Psychiatry. 1987 Mar;144(3):288-93
references: 3826425
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Dec;165(12):1551-8
references: 18829869
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;59(2):131-6
references: 11825133
references: Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2003 Dec;5(4):353-65
references: 22033495
references: Depress Anxiety. 2001;14(1):3-6
references: 11568977
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961 Jun;4:561-71
references: 13688369
references: J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66 Suppl 9:24-30; quiz 42-3
references: 16336039
references: Sleep. 2001 Feb 1;24(1):110-7
references: 11204046
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2006 Jun;10(3):197-208
references: 16618548
references: J Intern Med. 2003 Jul;254(1):6-12
references: 12823638
references: Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011 Feb;51(1):38-46
references: 21299507
references: Menopause Int. 2008 Sep;14(3):97-104
references: 18714074
references: Psychiatry Res. 2008 Oct 30;161(1):76-86
references: 18789826
references: Biol Res Nurs. 2007 Oct;9(2):147-60
references: 17909167
references: J Clin Sleep Med. 2007 Aug 15;3(5):519-28
references: 17803017
references: J Perinatol. 1998 Nov-Dec;18(6 Pt 1):427-30
references: 9848754
references: Sleep. 2003 Mar 15;26(2):117-26
references: 12683469
references: J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2007 Apr-Jun;21(2):123-9
references: 17505232
references: J Clin Psychiatry. 1992 Dec;53 Suppl:34-9; discussion 40-2
references: 1487478
references: Sleep. 2010 May;33(5):647-56
references: 20469807
references: Sleep. 2007 Oct;30(10):1283-91
references: 17969462
references: J Sleep Res. 1997 Sep;6(3):179-88
references: 9358396
references: Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1967 Dec;6(4):278-96
references: 6080235
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Jul;65(7):805-15
references: 18606953
references: J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2006 Sep-Oct;35(5):608-15
references: 16958716
references: Sleep. 1991 Feb;14(1):18-23
references: 1811314
references: Sleep Med. 2012 Apr;13(4):327-34
references: 22305407
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2006 Apr;10(2):129-44
references: 16460973
references: Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jan;95(1):14-8
references: 10636494
references: J Sleep Res. 2008 Jun;17(2):217-20
references: 18482110
references: Compr Psychiatry. 1994 May-Jun;35(3):215-24
references: 8045112
references: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008 Sep;17(7):1189-90
references: 18710369
references: Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007 Feb;47(1):16-22
references: 17261094
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jan;93(1):54-60
references: 18042653
references: Physiol Behav. 2011 Feb 1;102(2):234-8
references: 21095200
references: Sleep Med. 2005 Jan;6(1):23-7
references: 15680291
references: Psychiatry Res. 1992 Apr;42(1):27-40
references: 1603879
references: Psychol Bull. 2009 Sep;135(5):731-48
references: 19702380
references: Br J Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;150:782-6
references: 3651732
references: Sleep. 2008 Jul;31(7):991-9
references: 18652094
references: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Oct 30;58(42):1175-9
references: 19875979
references: Sleep. 2011 Sep 01;34(9):1221-32
references: 21886360
references: Sleep. 2004 Nov 1;27(7):1255-73
references: 15586779
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Feb;81(2):728-35
references: 8636295
references: Infant Behav Dev. 2007 Feb;30(1):127-33
references: 17292785
references: Sleep. 1992 Jun;15(3):246-51
references: 1621025
references: J Clin Sleep Med. 2008 Feb 15;4(1):66-9
references: 18350967
references: Sleep. 2003 Sep;26(6):667-72
references: 14572118