title: The effects of relaxation breathing on procedural pain and anxiety during burn care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Burn patients experience high levels of pain and anxiety during dressing changes. Relaxation breathing is a simple behavioral intervention to manage pain and anxiety. However, the information about the effects of relaxation breathing on pain and anxiety levels for burn patients during dressing changes is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study followed a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest comparison group design without random assignment to groups. A total of 64 burn patients from Daejeon, South Korea were recruited by a convenience sequential sampling approach. With institutional approval and written consent, the experimental group practiced relaxation breathing during dressing change procedures. Data were collected from June to September 2011 using a VAS for pain and a VAS-A for anxiety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The homogeneity test was used to detect any significant group differences in the demographic data and pretest measures. The pain scores significantly differed between the 2 groups after intervention (RB group vs. control group, P=.01) and over time (pretest vs. posttest, P=.001). The anxiety scores significantly differed between the 2 groups (P=.01) and over time (P=.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relaxation breathing is a simple and inexpensive technique nurses can use to help burn patients manage pain and anxiety during dressing changes.
authors: Bestian Burn Center, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors: Eunok
authors: E
authors: Park
authors: Hyunjin
authors: H
authors: Oh
authors: Taeim
authors: T
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D002056:Burns / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012064:Relaxation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Burn care; Pain; Relaxation breathing