title: Wireless amplified nuclear MR detector (WAND) for high-spatial-resolution MR imaging of internal organs: preclinical demonstration in a rodent model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility of imaging deep-lying internal organs at high spatial resolution by imaging kidney glomeruli in a rodent model with use of a newly developed, wireless amplified nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) detector.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurologic Disorder and Stroke. As a preclinical demonstration of this new detection technology, five different millimeter-scale wireless amplified nuclear MR detectors configured as double frequency resonators were chronically implanted on the medial surface of the kidney in five Sprague-Dawley rats for MR imaging at 11.7 T. Among these rats, two were administered gadopentetate dimeglumine to visualize renal tubules on T1-weighted gradient-refocused echo (GRE) images, two were administered cationized ferritin to visualize glomeruli on T2*-weighted GRE images, and the remaining rat was administered both gadopentetate dimeglumine and cationized ferritin to visualize the interleaved pattern of renal tubules and glomeruli. The image intensity in each pixel was compared with the local tissue signal intensity average to identify regions of hyper- or hypointensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T1-weighted images with 70-μm in-plane resolution and 200-μm section thickness were obtained within 3.2 minutes to image renal tubules, and T2*-weighted images of the same resolution were obtained within 5.8 minutes to image the glomeruli. Hyperintensity from gadopentetate dimeglumine enabled visualization of renal tubules, and hypointensity from cationic ferritin enabled visualization of the glomeruli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-spatial-resolution images have been obtained to observe kidney microstructures in vivo with a wireless amplified nuclear MR detector.
authors: Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room 1D48, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. qianc2@ninds.nih.gov
authors: Chunqi
authors: C
authors: Qian
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Yu
authors: Der-Yow
authors: DY
authors: Chen
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Dodd
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Bouraoud
authors: Nikorn
authors: N
authors: Pothayee
authors: Yun
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Beeman
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Bennett
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Murphy-Boesch
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Koretsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005293:Ferritins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005293:Ferritins; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
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