title: Association between metabolic syndrome and bone loss at various skeletal sites in postmenopausal women: a 3-year retrospective longitudinal study.
abstract: Although the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and increasing numbers of MetS components were associated with attenuated bone loss at various skeletal sites in postmenopausal women, this beneficial effect of MetS on bone mass can be mainly explained by higher mechanical loading in the affected subjects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous cross-sectional epidemiological studies reported the inconsistent results regarding the combined effects of MetS on bone mass. In our present report, we performed a large, longitudinal study to evaluate MetS in relation to annualized bone mineral density (BMD) changes in postmenopausal Korean women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort consisted of 1,218 postmenopausal women who had undergone comprehensive routine health examinations with an average follow-up interval of 3 years. The BMD at the lumbar spine and proximal femur sites was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using the same equipment at baseline and at follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following adjustment for age, baseline BMD, and lifestyle factors, the women with MetS had 21.7, 17.0, 26.7, and 31.1 % less bone loss at the total femur, femur neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine, respectively, compared with MetS-free women (P = 0.004 to 0.041). Consistently, the rates of bone loss at all skeletal sites were linearly attenuated with increasing numbers of MetS components (P = 0.004 to <0.001). Importantly, when weight and height were added as confounding factors, the differences and trends of annualized BMD changes according to the MetS status disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our current results indicate that the beneficial effects of MetS on bone mass can be mainly explained by higher mechanical loading in the affected subjects. Consequently, MetS per se may not be a meaningful concept for predicting future bone loss and for explaining associations between osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases.
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap2-Dong, Songpa-Gu 138-736, Seoul, Korea.
authors: B-J
authors: BJ
authors: Kim
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Ahn
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Bae
authors: E H
authors: EH
authors: Kim
authors: T-H
authors: TH
authors: Kim
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: H-K
authors: HK
authors: Kim
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Choe
authors: S-Y
authors: SY
authors: Kim
authors: J-M
authors: JM
authors: Koh
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
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