title: The melanocortin receptors and their accessory proteins.
abstract: The five melanocortin receptors (MCRs) named MC1R-MC5R have diverse physiological roles encompassing pigmentation, steroidogenesis, energy homeostasis and feeding behavior as well as exocrine function. Since their identification almost 20 years ago much has been learnt about these receptors. As well as interacting with their endogenous ligands the melanocortin peptides, there is now a growing list of important peptides that can modulate the way these receptors signal, acting as agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists. The discovery of melanocortin 2 receptor accessory proteins as a novel accessory factor to the MCRs provides further insight into the regulation of these important G protein-coupled receptor.
authors: Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry London, UK.
authors: Shwetha
authors: S
authors: Ramachandrappa
authors: Rebecca J
authors: RJ
authors: Gorrigan
authors: Adrian J L
authors: AJ
authors: Clark
authors: Li F
authors: LF
authors: Chan
keywords: accessory proteins; adrenal cortex; familial glucocorticoid deficiency; melanocortin receptors; obesity
references: Mol Endocrinol. 1994 Oct;8(10):1298-308
references: 7854347
references: N Engl J Med. 2003 Mar 20;348(12):1085-95
references: 12646665
references: Endocrinology. 2011 Feb;152(2):495-502
references: 21177829
references: Cell. 1997 Jan 10;88(1):131-41
references: 9019399
references: FASEB J. 2010 Mar;24(3):862-72
references: 19837866
references: Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Jan;15(1):164-71
references: 11145747
references: J Clin Invest. 1993 Nov;92(5):2458-61
references: 8227361
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 14;106(15):6146-51
references: 19329486
references: Behav Genet. 2006 Mar;36(2):291-300
references: 16408249
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 18;104(51):20244-9
references: 18077336
references: J Clin Invest. 2012 Mar;122(3):814-20
references: 22354170
references: J Mol Endocrinol. 2010 Apr;44(4):225-36
references: 20089716
references: Nat Genet. 2000 Sep;26(1):97-102
references: 10973258
references: Nat Genet. 2012 May 27;44(7):740-2
references: 22634753
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jul;95(7):3497-501
references: 20427498
references: Endocrinology. 2000 Sep;141(9):3518-21
references: 10965927
references: J Biol Chem. 2009 Aug 21;284(34):22641-8
references: 19535343
references: Nat Genet. 1997 Mar;15(3):311-5
references: 9054949
references: Cell. 2005 Nov 4;123(3):493-505
references: 16269339
references: Regul Pept. 2007 Aug 16;142(3):111-22
references: 17376547
references: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010 May;72(5):589-94
references: 19558534
references: Diabetes. 1997 Dec;46(12):2119-23
references: 9392508
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 May;97(5):E771-4
references: 22337906
references: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007 Jan;15(1):40-9
references: 17228030
references: Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2012 May;25(3):370-4
references: 22364200
references: Nat Genet. 1998 Oct;20(2):113-4
references: 9771699
references: Endocrinology. 2008 Apr;149(4):1935-41
references: 18162519
references: Sci Signal. 2010 Apr 06;3(116):ra28
references: 20371771
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 May 17;293(4):1161-7
references: 12054497
references: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009 May 6;303(1-2):74-81
references: 19428994
references: Regul Pept. 2004 Aug 15;120(1-3):113-8
references: 15177928
references: Nat Genet. 2009 Jan;41(1):25-34
references: 19079261
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jul;93(7):2896-9
references: 18430777
references: J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2008;28(5):485-504
references: 18946769
references: Cell. 1997 Dec 12;91(6):789-98
references: 9413988
references: J Neurosci. 2008 Nov 26;28(48):12946-55
references: 19036988
references: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 May 14;320(1-2):145-52
references: 20138960
references: Endocrinology. 1997 Oct;138(10):4489-92
references: 9322969
references: Endocr Rev. 1980 Winter;1(1):1-27
references: 6262069
references: J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 2;284(1):610-618
references: 18981183
references: Endocrinology. 2005 Sep;146(9):3739-47
references: 15961554
references: J Invest Dermatol. 2012 Sep;132(9):2255-62
references: 22572817
references: Endocr Rev. 2006 Dec;27(7):736-49
references: 17077189
references: Nat Genet. 1995 Nov;11(3):328-30
references: 7581459
references: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Feb;66(2):205-10
references: 17223989
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 1;90(19):8856-60
references: 8415620
references: Nature. 1994 Oct 27;371(6500):799-802
references: 7935841
references: J Mol Endocrinol. 2011 Jun 09;46(3):227-32
references: 21367968
references: Nat Genet. 2005 Feb;37(2):166-70
references: 15654338
references: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 Jul 20;341(1-2):9-17
references: 21616121
references: J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 8;281(49):37447-56
references: 17041250
references: Endocrinology. 2009 Feb;150(2):720-6
references: 18818285
references: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 Aug;71(2):171-5
references: 19170705
references: Eur J Endocrinol. 2007 Oct;157(4):539-42
references: 17893271
references: Nat Genet. 1998 Oct;20(2):111-2
references: 9771698
references: Lancet. 1993 Feb 20;341(8843):461-2
references: 8094489
references: Diabetes. 2007 Oct;56(10):2622-30
references: 17639020
references: J Clin Invest. 2012 Mar;122(3):821-32
references: 22354167
references: Hum Mol Genet. 2011 Jan 15;20(2):392-9
references: 21047972
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Oct;94(10):3865-71
references: 19773404
references: Horm Behav. 2004 Jan;45(1):58-63
references: 14733892