title: Association between posttraumatic stress disorder and inflammation: a twin study.
abstract: The association of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with cardiovascular disease risk may be mediated by inflammation. Our objective was to examine the association between PTSD and measures of inflammation and to determine whether these associations are due to shared familial or genetic factors. We measured lifetime history of PTSD using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV in 238 male middle-aged military veteran twin pairs (476 individuals), selected from the Vietnam Era Twins Registry, who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. We assessed inflammation using levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, white blood cells, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Geometric mean levels and percent differences by PTSD were obtained from mixed-model linear regression analyses with adjustment for potential confounders. Within-pair analysis was conducted to adjust for shared family environment and genetics (monozygotic pairs). Overall, 12.4% of participants had a lifetime history of PTSD. Adjusted mean levels of hsCRP and ICAM-1 were significantly higher among those with vs. without PTSD [hsCRP: 1.75 vs. 1.31mg/l (33% difference); ICAM-1: 319 vs. 293ng/ml (9% difference)]. Adjustment for depression rendered the association of PTSD with hsCRP non-statistically significant. For IL-6, no consistent association was seen. Within-pair analysis produced associations that were similar in direction for all three markers but lesser in magnitude for hsCRP and IL-6. There was no evidence of interaction by zygosity. Elevated hsCRP and ICAM-1 are associated with PTSD, and these associations may be confounded by shared non-genetic, antecedent familial and environmental factors.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 , United States.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Plantinga
authors: J Douglas
authors: JD
authors: Bremner
authors: Andrew H
authors: AH
authors: Miller
authors: Dean P
authors: DP
authors: Jones
authors: Emir
authors: E
authors: Veledar
authors: Jack
authors: J
authors: Goldberg
authors: Viola
authors: V
authors: Vaccarino
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D014728:Veterans
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
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