title: Anatomical analysis of nasal obstruction: nasal cavity of patients complaining of stuffy nose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between subjective symptoms of nasal obstruction and the corresponding nasal anatomical parameters using paranasal computed tomography (PNS CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review at a tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 277 patients who underwent evaluation by the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale and a visual analogue scale of nasal obstruction for preoperative evaluation; 197 patients with nasal obstruction who underwent septoplasty were enrolled in the study group, and 80 patients without nasal septal deviation and without nasal obstruction who underwent a trans-sphenoidal pituitary tumor operation were enrolled in the control group. A preoperative coronal CT image was used to calculate both nasal cavity cross-sectional areas and the septal deviation angle at the three levels (internal nasal valve, ostiomeatal unit [OMU], and choana).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences between the study group and the control group were found in all nasal anatomical parameters at the internal nasal valve, OMU, and choana. In the study group, subjective nasal obstruction symptoms were correlated with the septal deviation angle and the nasal cavity cross-sectional area at the OMU and the choana levels. However, there was no correlation between subjective symptoms of nasal obstruction and anatomical factors at the nasal valve level (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coronal PNS CT revealed a relationship between subjective nasal obstructive symptoms and anatomical factors at the middle and posterior nasal levels, especially in patients complaining of stuffy nose. When septoplasty is performed, we must pay attention to correction of middle and posterior nasal septal deviation.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Dong Chang
authors: DC
authors: Lee
authors: Ji-Hyeon
authors: JH
authors: Shin
authors: Sung Won
authors: SW
authors: Kim
authors: Soo Whan
authors: SW
authors: Kim
authors: Byung Guk
authors: BG
authors: Kim
authors: Jun Myung
authors: JM
authors: Kang
authors: Jin Hee
authors: JH
authors: Cho
authors: Yong Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*