title: Concentrations and source contributions of particulate organic matter before and after implementation of a low emission zone in Munich, Germany.
abstract: Within the Munich low emission zone (LEZ), samples of PM(2.5) were collected before (2006/2007) and after (2009/2010) the implementation of the LEZ. The samples were analyzed for carbon fraction (EC/OC) and particulate organic compounds (POC). Significant lower concentrations were noticed for elemental carbon (EC) and some of the POC like vanillic acid, acetosyringone, syringylacetone and syringic acid after the implementation of the LEZ. Higher concentrations of levoglucosan, retene and O-PAH were detected in the second sampling period. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify the main sources of POC. Emissions from traffic, solid fuels combustion, cooking and mixed source were separated. The contribution of traffic source factor was decreased about 60% after the implementation of the LEZ. Thus the average concentration of EC from traffic factor decreased from 1.1 to 0.5 μg/m(3) after the implementation of the LEZ.
authors: Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. raeed.qadir@helmholtz-muenchen.de
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Qadir
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Abbaszade
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Schnelle-Kreis
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Chow
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D058735:Environmental Policy; D005858:Germany; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions