title: An optomechanical model eye for ophthalmological refractive studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To create an accurate, low-cost optomechanical model eye for investigation of refractive errors in clinical and basic research studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  An optomechanical fluid-filled eye model with dimensions consistent with the human eye was designed and fabricated. Optical simulations were performed on the optomechanical eye model, and the quantified resolution and refractive errors were compared with the widely used Navarro eye model using the ray-tracing software ZEMAX (Radiant Zemax, Redmond, WA). The resolution of the physical optomechanical eye model was then quantified with a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor imager using the image resolution software SFR Plus (Imatest, Boulder, CO). Refractive, manufacturing, and assembling errors were also assessed. A refractive intraocular lens (IOL) and a diffractive IOL were added to the optomechanical eye model for tests and analyses of a 1951 U.S. Air Force target chart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resolution and aberrations of the optomechanical eye model and the Navarro eye model were qualitatively similar in ZEMAX simulations. Experimental testing found that the optomechanical eye model reproduced properties pertinent to human eyes, including resolution better than 20/20 visual acuity and a decrease in resolution as the field of view increased in size. The IOLs were also integrated into the optomechanical eye model to image objects at distances of 15, 10, and 3 feet, and they indicated a resolution of 22.8 cycles per degree at 15 feet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A life-sized optomechanical eye model with the flexibility to be patient-specific was designed and constructed. The model had the resolution of a healthy human eye and recreated normal refractive errors. This model may be useful in the evaluation of IOLs for cataract surgery.
authors: Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. ash.arianpour@gmail.com
authors: Ashkan
authors: A
authors: Arianpour
authors: Eric J
authors: EJ
authors: Tremblay
authors: Igor
authors: I
authors: Stamenov
authors: Joseph E
authors: JE
authors: Ford
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Schanzlin
authors: Yuhwa
authors: Y
authors: Lo
mesh_terms: D002387:Cataract Extraction; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005123:Eye; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis*