title: A prospective study of symptoms and neurocognitive outcomes in youth with concussion vs orthopaedic injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined symptom reports and neurocognitive outcomes in children (8-17 years) with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or orthopaedic injury (OI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children and parents were initially assessed upon presentation in the Emergency Department of a local hospital and again at 3 months. Children completed the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing battery (ImPACT) and parents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 3rd edition (PPVT-III) was completed by the children at the 3-month assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with mTBI reported more symptoms than the OI group initially, but did not differ from the OI group at 3 months. Both groups reported a higher than expected number of symptoms at 3 months. On the ImPACT, children with mTBI performed significantly worse than the OI on a visual memory test at both assessments. The OI group had higher levels of parent-reported executive dysfunction on the BRIEF at initial and 3-month assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As expected, more post-concussion symptoms were initially reported by children and adolescents with mTBI vs orthopaedic injury, but there was no difference at 3 months. The BRIEF and ImPACT cognitive measures did not differentiate concussed subjects from controls, with the exception of concussed subjects' lower performance on a visual memory test at both initial assessment and at 3 months.
authors: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. riegerb@upstate.edu
authors: Brian P
authors: BP
authors: Rieger
authors: Lawrence J
authors: LJ
authors: Lewandowski
authors: James M
authors: JM
authors: Callahan
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Spenceley
authors: Adrea
authors: A
authors: Truckenmiller
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Gathje
authors: Laura A
authors: LA
authors: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology