title: Topoisomerase 1-mediated removal of ribonucleotides from nascent leading-strand DNA.
abstract: RNase H2-dependent ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) removes ribonucleotides incorporated during DNA replication. When RER is defective, ribonucleotides in the nascent leading strand of the yeast genome are associated with replication stress and genome instability. Here, we provide evidence that topoisomerase 1 (Top1) initiates an independent form of repair to remove ribonucleotides from genomic DNA. This Top1-dependent process activates the S phase checkpoint. Deleting TOP1 reverses this checkpoint activation and also relieves replication stress and genome instability in RER-defective cells. The results reveal an additional removal pathway for a very common lesion in DNA, and they imply that the "dirty" DNA ends created when Top1 incises ribonucleotides in DNA are responsible for the adverse consequences of ribonucleotides in RNase H2-defective cells.
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors: Jessica S
authors: JS
authors: Williams
authors: Dana J
authors: DJ
authors: Smith
authors: Lisette
authors: L
authors: Marjavaara
authors: Scott A
authors: SA
authors: Lujan
authors: Andrei
authors: A
authors: Chabes
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Kunkel
mesh_terms: D004260:DNA Repair; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism*; D042822:Genomic Instability; D016914:Ribonuclease H / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D016914:Ribonuclease H; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I
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