title: Effect of text type on near work-induced contrast adaptation in myopic and emmetropic young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Contrast adaptation has been speculated to be an error signal for emmetropization. Myopic children exhibit higher contrast adaptation than emmetropic children. This study aimed to determine whether contrast adaptation varies with the type of text viewed by emmetropic and myopic young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline contrast sensitivity was determined in 25 emmetropic and 25 spectacle-corrected myopic young adults for 0.5, 1.2, 2.7, 4.4, and 6.2 cycles per degree (cpd) horizontal sine wave gratings. The adults spent periods looking at a 6.2 cpd high-contrast horizontal grating and reading lines of English and Chinese text (these texts comprised 1.2 cpd row and 6 cpd stroke frequencies). The effects of these near tasks on contrast sensitivity were determined, with decreases in sensitivity indicating contrast adaptation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast adaptation was affected by the near task (F2,672 = 43.0; P < 0.001). Adaptation was greater for the grating task (0.13 ± 0.17 log unit, averaged across all frequencies) than reading tasks, but there was no significant difference between the two reading tasks (English 0.05 ± 0.13 log unit versus Chinese 0.04 ± 0.13 log unit). The myopic group showed significantly greater adaptation (by 0.04, 0.04, and 0.05 log units for English, Chinese, and grating tasks, respectively) than the emmetropic group (F1,48 = 5.0; P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In young adults, reading Chinese text induced similar contrast adaptation as reading English text. Myopes exhibited greater contrast adaptation than emmetropes. Contrast adaptation, independent of text type, might be associated with myopia development.
authors: Applied and Health Sciences Cluster, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore.
authors: Anna C H
authors: AC
authors: Yeo
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Atchison
authors: Katrina L
authors: KL
authors: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D058453:Emmetropia / Q000502:physiology*; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011932:Reading; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D014937:Work; D055815:Young Adult