title: Safflor yellow A protects neonatal rat cardiomyocytes against anoxia/reoxygenation injury in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of safflor yellow A (SYA), a flavonoid extracted from Carthamus tinctorius L, on cultured rat cardiomyocytes exposed to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R).
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to anoxia for 3 h followed by reoxygenation for 6 h. The cell viability was measured using MTT assay. The releases of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were analyzed. Hoechst 33258 staining and changes in Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase 3 activity were used to examine A/R-induced apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The A/R exposure markedly decreased the viability of cardiomyocytes, suppressed the activities of SOD, GSH, CAT and GSH-Px, and Bcl-2 protein expression. Meanwhile, the A/R exposure markedly increased the release of LDH and CK, and MDA production in the cardiomyocytes, and increased the rate of apoptosis, caspase 3 activity, Bax protein expression. Pretreatment with SYA (40, 60 and 80 nmol/L) concentration-dependently blocked the A/R-induced changes in the cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment of the cardiomyocytes with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 200 μmol/L) produced protective effects that were comparable to those caused by SYA (80 nmol/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SYA protects cultured rat cardiomyocytes against A/R injury, maybe via inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi-an 710032, China.
authors: Jia-lin
authors: JL
authors: Duan
authors: Jing-wen
authors: JW
authors: Wang
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Guan
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Yin
authors: Guo
authors: G
authors: Wei
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Cui
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Zhou
authors: Yan-rong
authors: YR
authors: Zhu
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Quan
authors: Miao-miao
authors: MM
authors: Xi
authors: Ai-dong
authors: AD
authors: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D031187:Carthamus tinctorius / Q000737:chemistry; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002599:Chalcone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C076422:safflower yellow; D002599:Chalcone; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione
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