title: [Prefrontal symptoms and personality disorders in substance abusers].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroimaging findings associate personality traits and their disorders with an altered functioning of certain areas of the brain, especially in the frontal lobe. There is a need for instruments that can be applied in clinical practice to explore these relations based on their behavioural manifestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was composed of 371 subjects with substance abuse/dependence. The Prefrontal Symptoms Inventory (PSI) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II (MCMI-II) were administered and diagnostic interviews were carried out to determine the existence of disorders affecting axis II (personality disorders).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Criteria satisfying a diagnosis of some personality disorder were present in 43.9% of the sample. The results show a broad correlational pattern between the prefrontal symptoms scales and those of personality disorders. The variance in up to eight of the 13 scales of the MCMI-II is predicted in over 20%, based on the combination of scales from the PSI. The personality disorders diagnosed by means of a clinical interview present differential prefrontal symptomatological profiles that were consistent with what was expected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the hypothesis of a relationship between the diagnosis of personality disorders and frontal malfunctioning, thus suggesting new lines for studying and approaching them in clinical practice. Such new paths could involve the use of cognitive rehabilitation to improve day-to-day functioning and modify the neurological substrates underlying personality disorders.
authors: Madrid Salud. Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Centro de Atencion a Drogodependientes (CAD 4-San Blas), Madrid, Espana. ejpedrero@yahoo.es
authors: Eduardo J
authors: EJ
authors: Pedrero-Pérez
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Ruiz-Sanchez de Léon
authors: Paz
authors: P
authors: Lozoya-Delgado
authors: Gloria
authors: G
authors: Rojo-Mota
authors: Marcos
authors: M
authors: Llanero-Luque
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Puerta-Garcia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058010:Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult