title: Drought and cadmium may be as effective as salinity in conferring subsequent salt stress tolerance in Cakile maritima.
abstract: Plants are often exposed to a combination of stresses, which can occur simultaneously or at different times throughout their life. In this study, the effects of salinity, drought and cadmium pre-treatments were evaluated on the subsequent response of Cakile maritima, a halophytic species, to various levels of salinity (from 100 to 800 mM NaCl) after a recovery time of 2 weeks. Studies were performed in two sets of experiments in a glasshouse under short and long photoperiod (November and July, respectively). In both experiments and in contrast to control plants (not exposed to any previous stress), plants previously exposed to drought, salt or cadmium stress showed lower levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, upon salt treatment, particularly at high NaCl concentrations. Oxidative stress alleviation was not only observed at 800 mM NaCl under short photoperiod, but also at 600 and 800 mM NaCl under long photoperiod in terms of reduced salt-induced increases in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in plants previously exposed to drought, salt or cadmium stress. Previous exposure of plants to all stresses additionally caused decreased levels of jasmonic acid, which might be associated with a lower oxidative stress, differences being observed again at 800 mM NaCl only under short photoperiod and at 600 and 800 mM NaCl under long photoperiod. In conclusion, a relatively long-term stress memory was found in C. maritima pre-exposed to salinity, drought or cadmium, which resulted in a lower oxidative stress when subsequently exposed to salinity. The positive effects of drought and cadmium were of similar magnitude to those provided by salt pre-exposure, which indicated an effective cross-tolerance response in this species.
authors: Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Hasna
authors: H
authors: Ellouzi
authors: Karim
authors: K
authors: Ben Hamed
authors: Maria Amparo
authors: MA
authors: Asensi-Fabado
authors: Maren
authors: M
authors: Müller
authors: Chedly
authors: C
authors: Abdelly
authors: Sergi
authors: S
authors: Munné-Bosch
mesh_terms: D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D055864:Droughts; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D054712:Salinity; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
references: Photosynth Res. 1988 Nov;18(3):287-98
references: 24425239
references: Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):818-22
references: 20150489
references: Plant Physiol. 2013 Jan;161(1):5-19
references: 23151347
references: Plant Physiol. 2006 Apr;140(4):1297-305
references: 16500991
references: Planta. 2017 Jun;245(6):1067
references: 28456836
references: Plant Cell Environ. 2009 Jun;32(6):617-27
references: 18657055
references: J Exp Bot. 2004 Jan;55(395):225-36
references: 14673035
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2000 Jun;5(6):241-6
references: 10838614
references: Plant Cell. 2002 Dec;14(12):3009-28
references: 12468724
references: Plant J. 1998 Dec;16(6):681-7
references: 10069075
references: Nat Commun. 2012 Mar 13;3:740
references: 22415831
references: Plant Methods. 2011 Nov 18;7:37
references: 22098763
references: Biochimie. 2006 Nov;88(11):1707-19
references: 16914250
references: Plant Physiol. 1984 Nov;76(3):595-8
references: 16663889
references: Plant Mol Biol. 1994 Oct;26(1):339-52
references: 7948880
references: Plant J. 2003 Oct;36(2):240-55
references: 14535888
references: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2008;59:651-81
references: 18444910
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2009 Sep;14(9):488-96
references: 19716744
references: Plant Physiol. 1983 Jan;71(1):182-6
references: 16662782
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2006 Jan;11(1):15-9
references: 16359910
references: Plant Physiol. 2002 Jun;129(2):460-8
references: 12068093
references: Physiol Plant. 2011 Jun;142(2):128-43
references: 21288246
references: EMBO Rep. 2011 Jan;12(1):50-5
references: 21132017