title: Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences.
abstract: In the last two decades, the widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity and diversity. This review examines how a growing knowledge of the vast range of animal-bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of animal biology. Specifically, we highlight recent technological and intellectual advances that have changed our thinking about five questions: how have bacteria facilitated the origin and evolution of animals; how do animals and bacteria affect each other's genomes; how does normal animal development depend on bacterial partners; how is homeostasis maintained between animals and their symbionts; and how can ecological approaches deepen our understanding of the multiple levels of animal-bacterial interaction. As answers to these fundamental questions emerge, all biologists will be challenged to broaden their appreciation of these interactions and to include investigations of the relationships between and among bacteria and their animal partners as we seek a better understanding of the natural world.
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. mjmcfallngai@wisc.edu
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: McFall-Ngai
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Hadfield
authors: Thomas C G
authors: TC
authors: Bosch
authors: Hannah V
authors: HV
authors: Carey
authors: Tomislav
authors: T
authors: Domazet-Lošo
authors: Angela E
authors: AE
authors: Douglas
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Dubilier
authors: Gerard
authors: G
authors: Eberl
authors: Tadashi
authors: T
authors: Fukami
authors: Scott F
authors: SF
authors: Gilbert
authors: Ute
authors: U
authors: Hentschel
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: King
authors: Staffan
authors: S
authors: Kjelleberg
authors: Andrew H
authors: AH
authors: Knoll
authors: Natacha
authors: N
authors: Kremer
authors: Sarkis K
authors: SK
authors: Mazmanian
authors: Jessica L
authors: JL
authors: Metcalf
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Nealson
authors: Naomi E
authors: NE
authors: Pierce
authors: John F
authors: JF
authors: Rawls
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Reid
authors: Edward G
authors: EG
authors: Ruby
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Rumpho
authors: Jon G
authors: JG
authors: Sanders
authors: Diethard
authors: D
authors: Tautz
authors: Jennifer J
authors: JJ
authors: Wernegreen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001690:Biological Science Disciplines; D017753:Ecosystem; D016678:Genome; D048788:Growth and Development
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