title: The characterization of the Phlebotomus papatasi transcriptome.
abstract: As important vectors of human disease, phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance to human health, transmitting several emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. The most devastating of the sand fly transmitted infections are the leishmaniases, causing significant mortality and morbidity in both the Old and New World. Here we present the first global transcriptome analysis of the Old World vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) and compare this transcriptome to that of the New World vector of visceral leishmaniasis, Lutzomyia longipalpis. A normalized cDNA library was constructed using pooled mRNA from Phlebotomus papatasi larvae, pupae, adult males and females fed sugar, blood, or blood infected with Leishmania major. A total of 47 615 generated sequences was cleaned and assembled into 17 120 unique transcripts. Of the assembled sequences, 50% (8837 sequences) were classified using Gene Ontology (GO) terms. This collection of transcripts is comprehensive, as demonstrated by the high number of different GO categories. An in-depth analysis revealed 245 sequences with putative homology to proteins involved in blood and sugar digestion, immune response and peritrophic matrix formation. Twelve of the novel genes, including one trypsin, two peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRP) and nine chymotrypsins, have a higher expression level during larval stages. Two novel chymotrypsins and one novel PGRP are abundantly expressed upon blood feeding. This study will greatly improve the available genomic resources for P. papatasi and will provide essential information for annotation of the full genome.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Abrudan
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ramalho-Ortigão
authors: S
authors: S
authors: O'Neil
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Stayback
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wadsworth
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bernard
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Shoue
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Emrich
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Lawyer
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kamhawi
authors: E D
authors: ED
authors: Rowton
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Lehane
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Bates
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Valenzeula
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tomlinson
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Appelbaum
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Moeller
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Thiesing
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Dillon
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Clifton
authors: N F
authors: NF
authors: Lobo
authors: R K
authors: RK
authors: Wilson
authors: F H
authors: FH
authors: Collins
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: McDowell
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood / Q000469:parasitology; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015723:Gene Library; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D018320:Leishmania major; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014357:Trypsin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D002918:Chymotrypsin; D014357:Trypsin
references: J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 18;275(7):4995-5002
references: 10671539
references: Bioinformatics. 2001 Dec;17(12):1093-104
references: 11751217
references: J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 5;278(49):48928-34
references: 14519762
references: Open Parasitol J. 2010 Jan 1;4:195-204
references: 24159365
references: Immunol Rev. 2004 Apr;198:116-26
references: 15199959
references: Insect Mol Biol. 2006 Aug;15(4):411-24
references: 16907828
references: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Jun;33(6):579-94
references: 12770576
references: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001 May-Jun;95(3):239-43
references: 11490989
references: BMC Genomics. 2008 Jun 30;9:312
references: 18590545
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Aug 6;99(16):10581-6
references: 12136129
references: PLoS One. 2010 May 18;5(5):e10697
references: 20502532
references: BMC Genomics. 2010 May 17;11:310
references: 20478048
references: Clin Dermatol. 1999 May-Jun;17(3):279-89
references: 10384867
references: FEBS J. 2005 Dec;272(24):6179-217
references: 16336259
references: Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1718-23
references: 17510324
references: Annu Rev Immunol. 2007;25:697-743
references: 17201680
references: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Apr;36(4):282-90
references: 16551542
references: Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):86-8
references: 20929810
references: BMC Genomics. 2007 Nov 13;8:416
references: 17997864
references: Mech Dev. 2010 May-Jun;127(5-6):301-7
references: 20117206
references: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Feb;33(2):163-71
references: 12535675
references: Mol Genet Genomics. 2009 Sep;282(3):307-17
references: 19565270
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Dec 5;97(25):13772-7
references: 11106397
references: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1999 Feb;29(2):87-101
references: 10196732
references: Genomics. 2006 Dec;88(6):831-840
references: 16887324
references: Eur J Biochem. 2001 Jul;268(14):4027-35
references: 11453997
references: J Biol Chem. 1996 May 31;271(22):12708-15
references: 8662683
references: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1997 Aug-Sep;27(8-9):757-67
references: 9443376
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Oct 14;94(21):11508-13
references: 9326640
references: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 1997 Jan;116(1):35-40
references: 9162544
references: Curr Opin Immunol. 2002 Feb;14(1):123-8
references: 11790542
references: Curr Opin Immunol. 2000 Feb;12(1):13-9
references: 10679407
references: BMC Genomics. 2010 Mar 30;11:213
references: 20353571
references: J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 14;276(37):34686-94
references: 11461926
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21560
references: 21720557
references: EMBO J. 1993 Jul;12(7):2891-900
references: 8335004
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jul 28;106(30):12442-7
references: 19590012
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Aug 18;95(17):10078-82
references: 9707603
references: Cell. 2004 Oct 29;119(3):329-41
references: 15543683
references: Mol Immunol. 2004 Feb;40(12):903-8
references: 14698229
references: Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2001 Jun;47(2):119-25
references: 11376458
references: EMBO J. 1997 Oct 15;16(20):6114-9
references: 9321391
references: J Insect Physiol. 1999 Jul;45(7):613-620
references: 12770346
references: Immunol Rev. 1998 Jun;163:19-34
references: 9700499
references: Insect Mol Biol. 2005 Dec;14(6):703-12
references: 16313571
references: Microbes Infect. 2004 Apr;6(5):448-59
references: 15109959
references: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 Dec;38(12):1087-110
references: 18835443
references: Insect Mol Biol. 2000 Feb;9(1):33-8
references: 10672069
references: Bioinformatics. 2004 Jan 22;20(2):161-9
references: 14734306
references: Immunol Rev. 2007 Oct;219:8-16
references: 17850478
references: Parasit Vectors. 2009 Dec 09;2(1):62
references: 20003192
references: Clin Biochem. 1986 Dec;19(6):317-22
references: 3555886
references: Nature. 2001 Dec 13;414(6865):756-9
references: 11742401
references: J Med Entomol. 2005 Nov;42(6):928-38
references: 16465730
references: Immunol Rev. 2004 Apr;198:72-82
references: 15199955
references: Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):129-49
references: 12364791
references: Annu Rev Entomol. 1997;42:525-50
references: 15012322
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2011 Oct;28(10):2731-9
references: 21546353
references: Immunity. 2001 Dec;15(6):1027-38
references: 11754822
references: Dev Biol. 2002 Jan 1;241(1):145-56
references: 11784101
references: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 Apr;38(4):452-66
references: 18342250
references: BMC Genomics. 2009 Jun 25;10:282
references: 19555500
references: J Insect Physiol. 1971 Jan;17(1):117-31
references: 4101347
references: Genome Res. 1998 Mar;8(3):186-94
references: 9521922
references: J Biochem. 2002 Mar;131(3):445-52
references: 11872174
references: Clin Dermatol. 1996 Sep-Oct;14(5):417-23
references: 8889319
references: Curr Opin Immunol. 1998 Feb;10(1):23-8
references: 9523106
references: J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 23;274(17):11854-8
references: 10207004
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e29127
references: 22195006
references: Bioinformatics. 2005 Sep 15;21(18):3674-6
references: 16081474
references: EMBO J. 2002 Dec 16;21(24):6673-80
references: 12485988
references: Bioinformatics. 2009 May 1;25(9):1189-91
references: 19151095
references: Appl Bioinformatics. 2003;2(3):123-9
references: 15130797
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 May 29;246(3):788-91
references: 9618290
references: Appl Bioinformatics. 2002;1(2):107-8
references: 15130850
references: Parasitol Res. 1993;79(6):492-6
references: 8415565
references: Insect Mol Biol. 1998 Aug;7(3):233-9
references: 9662472
references: BMC Bioinformatics. 2004 Nov 30;5:187
references: 15571632
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33311
references: 22428017
references: BMC Genomics. 2010 Jun 24;11:400
references: 20573269
references: Insect Mol Biol. 2000 Jun;9(3):223-9
references: 10886405
references: Genome Res. 1999 Sep;9(9):868-77
references: 10508846
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Dec 30;141(3):1177-84
references: 3028389
references: Dev Comp Immunol. 2007;31(10):991-1001
references: 17343912
references: Exp Mol Pathol. 2002 Apr;72(2):132-41
references: 11890722
references: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2005 Jan;139(1):65-73
references: 15610820
references: Insect Mol Biol. 2005 Jan;14(1):89-94
references: 15663778
references: Cell Microbiol. 2006 Aug;8(8):1361-70
references: 16882038
references: BMC Genomics. 2012 May 30;13:207
references: 22646700
references: BMC Genomics. 2007 Jan 04;8:5
references: 17204152
references: Genome Res. 1998 Mar;8(3):175-85
references: 9521921
references: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Mar;33(3):279-87
references: 12609513
references: Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):159-65
references: 12364793
references: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Jul 26;31(9):839-47
references: 11439243
references: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 Nov;151(3):349-54
references: 18762262
references: Dev Comp Immunol. 2010 Apr;34(4):387-95
references: 20026176
references: BMC Genomics. 2008 Jan 14;9:15
references: 18194529
references: Brief Bioinform. 2004 Sep;5(3):237-48
references: 15383210
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Mar 19;32(5):1792-7
references: 15034147
references: J Exp Med. 1997 May 19;185(10):1851-8
references: 9151710
references: BMC Genomics. 2007 Aug 30;8:300
references: 17760985
references: J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10
references: 2231712
references: Mol Ecol. 2008 Apr;17(7):1636-47
references: 18266620
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2010 Feb;27(2):221-4
references: 19854763
references: Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):258-61
references: 19264986
references: Methods Mol Biol. 2009;533:109-22
references: 19277560