title: Diclofenac causes more leakage than naproxen in anastomoses in the small intestine of the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs such as the cyclooxygenase isoenzyme inhibitors diclofenac and naproxen are increasingly used for perioperative pain relief, while their potential effects on wound healing are scarcely investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 104 male Wistar rats, an anastomosis was constructed in both colon and ileum. The rats were divided into groups who received diclofenac (4 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) or naproxen (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) daily from the day of surgery or from day 3 after surgery. Animals were killed on day 3 or 7 and analysed for signs of anastomotic dehiscence and wound strength of anastomoses and abdominal fascia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anastomotic leakage in the ileum (p < 0.0001) and mortality rates (p = 0.001) were significantly increased in the diclofenac group. On day 7, the anastomotic bursting pressure in the ileum remained below that of the controls in the diclofenac- and naproxen-treated rats. When administration of diclofenac was postponed to day 3 after surgery, anastomotic dehiscence was almost absent. The colonic anastomosis and abdominal wall always remained unaffected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study implies that immediate postoperative administration of diclofenac and, to a far lesser extent, naproxen can affect healing in the ileal anastomosis in the rat. This negative effect can be prevented by a short postoperative delay in administration. On steroid anti-inflammatory drugs such as the cyclooxygenase isoenzyme inhibitors diclofenac and naproxen are increasingly used for perioperative pain relief, while their potential effects on wound healing are scarcely investigated.
authors: Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. r.vandervijver@chir.umcn.nl
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: van der Vijver
authors: C J H M
authors: CJ
authors: van Laarhoven
authors: R M L M
authors: RM
authors: Lomme
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hendriks
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D057868:Anastomotic Leak / Q000209:etiology*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009288:Naproxen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004008:Diclofenac; D009288:Naproxen; D006909:Hydroxyproline
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