title: Influence of vestibular disease on psychological distress: a multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some patients with dizziness show high comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. However, the association of vestibular deficit with psychological symptoms remains controversial. Thus, we investigated psychological distress (depression and anxiety) in patients with vestibular disease and examined factors modifying the development of psychological distress in these patients, including age, sex, severity of dizziness symptoms, and type of vestibular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled 407 patients with dizziness. Dizziness and the psychological symptoms of all patients were measured using the Korean versions of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We evaluated the influence of vestibular disease type, DHI score, and other factors such as sex and age on the psychological scales (BDI, STAI) through multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only DHI score and vestibular neuritis were related significantly to BDI scores in patients with vestibular disease, and only DHI scores were associated with STAI scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores and psychological distress were closely associated. Psychological distress might be a consequence of high DHI score rather than of a specific type of vestibular disease, although depressive symptoms were related to vestibular neuritis.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea. ecell@medimail.co.kr
authors: Seok Min
authors: SM
authors: Hong
authors: Hyo-Jeong
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
authors: Byungho
authors: B
authors: Lee
authors: Su-Kyoung
authors: SK
authors: Park
authors: Sung Kwang
authors: SK
authors: Hong
authors: Il-Seok
authors: IS
authors: Park
authors: Yong Bok
authors: YB
authors: Kim
authors: Hyung-Jong
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D004244:Dizziness / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*