title: Murine subcutaneous immunotherapy models with beneficial immunological and physiological effects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunotherapy was introduced 100 years ago and has a unique role in the treatment of allergic diseases in that only immunotherapy can induce long-term immunological tolerance. However, only a few mouse models of immunotherapy have been developed so far.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tried to establish murine immunotherapy models that have similar findings in human using subcutaneous rush immunotherapy-like schedule.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the maximal safe or maximal tolerable dose, injection dose was doubled twice a day from the dose of sensitization. Mice with established asthma using ovalbumin (OVA) were repeatedly injected with OVA from the dose of sensitization subcutaneously twice a day: after reaching to the maximal safe or maximal tolerable dose, mice were injected with each dose either 10 times or 24 times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Short term immunotherapy (10 times) with the maximal safe and tolerable dose of OVA showed decreased IL-5 production, decreased IL-5/INF-γ ratio, and increased IgG2a/IgG1 but there was no significant difference in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) or airway inflammation. Prolonged immunotherapy (24 times) with the maximal tolerable dose not only decreased cytokine productions of IL-5 and even INF-γ, but also decreased IgE, IgG1 and even IgG2a production. Remarkably, the prolonged immunotherapy provided a protective effect on AHR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested immunotherapy models with some beneficial immunological and physiological effects in murine asthma.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-744, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-802, Korea.
authors: Yoon-Seok
authors: YS
authors: Chang
authors: Yoon-Keun
authors: YK
authors: Kim
authors: Sae-Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Heung-Woo
authors: HW
authors: Park
authors: Kyung-Up
authors: KU
authors: Min
authors: You-Young
authors: YY
authors: Kim
authors: Sang-Heon
authors: SH
authors: Cho
keywords: Allergy; Animal models; Asthma; Immunotherapy
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