title: Chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps and without polyps is associated with increased expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 and 3.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is associated with expression of various cytokines. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) regulate cytokine activity in a variety of cells, modulating inflammatory responses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the expression and distribution pattern of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in CRSwNP and CRSsNP, and their cytokine-driven expression regulation in sinus mucosa. In addition, the expression levels of various cytokines were evaluated in CRSwNP and CRSsNP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression levels of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in CRSwNP and CRSsNP and in control samples were assessed by using real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Nasal epithelial cell culture was used to elucidate the effect of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 on SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression in sinus mucosa. The expression levels of these cytokines were also evaluated in normal and inflammatory sinus mucosa by using real-time PCR and Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression levels of SOCS1 and SOCS3 were increased in CRS, irrespective of the presence of nasal polyp, and they were distributed in superficial epithelium, submucosal glands, and vascular endothelium in sinus mucosa. SOCS1 was induced by IL-4, IL-13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, while SOCS3 expression was upregulated by IL-6, IL-13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. IL-4 and IL-13 levels were increased in CRSwNP, while IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 levels were increased in CRSsNP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SOCS1 and SOCS3 are increased in CRS, irrespective of nasal polyp presence. This may be a response to elevated levels of various cytokines increasingly expressed in inflammatory sinus mucosa.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Se Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Park
authors: Tae Hoon
authors: TH
authors: Kim
authors: Young Joon
authors: YJ
authors: Jun
authors: Seung Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Hyei Yul
authors: HY
authors: Ryu
authors: Kwang Jin
authors: KJ
authors: Jung
authors: Jong Yoon
authors: JY
authors: Jung
authors: Gyu Ho
authors: GH
authors: Hwang
authors: Sang Hag
authors: SH
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins