title: Collapsin response mediator protein 2 is involved in regulating breast cancer progression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Altered expression of collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) has been reported in several malignant tumors, including downregulation of CRMP1 in lung cancer and upregulation of CRMP2 in colorectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CRMP expression and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two breast cancer and four normal breast tissues were used to assess CRMP mRNA expression. The average expression level of each CRMP (CRMP1-5) mRNA was analyzed in a subset of breast cancer specimens and compared with that in normal breast tissue by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, 173 breast cancer specimens and matching normal breast controls were used for immunohistochemistry based on the tissue microarray technique. Levels of CRMP2 and phosphorylated CRMP2 protein were assessed, and possible correlations between the clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of CRMP2 mRNA was significantly decreased in breast cancer tissues, while that of the other CRMPs was similar between normal and breast cancer tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CRMP2 protein expression was also decreased in breast cancer tissues (P < 0.001). Phosphorylated CRMP2 was observed in the nuclei of breast cancer cells but not in normal mammary cells (P < 0.001). Furthermore, nuclear phosphorylated CRMP2 expression was increased in proportion to the histological grade and triple-negative subtype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced CRMP2 expression and elevated expression of nuclear phosphorylated CRMP2 may be associated with breast cancer progression.
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan, kazu90052003@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Kazuhiro
authors: K
authors: Shimada
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Ishikawa
authors: Fumio
authors: F
authors: Nakamura
authors: Daisuke
authors: D
authors: Shimizu
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Chishima
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Ichikawa
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Sasaki
authors: Itaru
authors: I
authors: Endo
authors: Yoji
authors: Y
authors: Nagashima
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Goshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C095114:collapsin response mediator protein-2