title: A simulation model to estimate 10-year risk of coronary heart disease events in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with second-generation antipsychotic drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk for cardiovascular (CV) events has been shown to be considerably higher among schizophrenia patients than the general population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe a general stochastic simulation model for the treatment of schizophrenia related to CV-associated risks of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A model to simulate the expected 10-year incidence of all types of coronary heart disease (CHD) events in patients treated with SGAs was developed from the Cardiovascular, Lipid and Metabolic Outcomes Research in Schizophrenia (CLAMORS) study to reproduce baseline conditions. The CHD event risk was estimated through a locally adjusted Framingham risk function using the expected mean change in the CV risk factors from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials in Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 10-year CHD event rate after treatment with SGAs was 0.181, 0.179, 0.176, and 0.172 for olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone, respectively. Relative risk was calculated relative to no treatment, and values were as follows: olanzapine, 1.03 ± 1.05 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.42), quetiapine, 1.02 ± 1.05 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.41), risperidone, 1.00 ± 0.99 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.36), and ziprasidone, 0.97 ± 0.95 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.31). There were approximately 25,269 CHD events over a 10-year period in schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine, 25,157 events with quetiapine, 24,883 with risperidone, and 24,514 events with ziprasidone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The estimated outcomes suggest that each SGA shows a different level of CV event risk, with ziprasidone showing the lowest rate without any association for increased risk of CHD.
authors: Department of Economics, University of Barcelona, Spain. darba@ub.edu
authors: Josep
authors: J
authors: Darbà
authors: Lisette
authors: L
authors: Kaskens
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Aranda
authors: Celso
authors: C
authors: Arango
authors: Julio
authors: J
authors: Bobes
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Carmena
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Rejas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008660:Metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009026:Mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents