title: The distal left Malone antegrade continence enema--is it better?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Malone antegrade continence enema is used for refractory fecal dysfunction in the pediatric neuropathic population. While various locations along the colon have been described, the optimal site for achieving efficient enemas remains unknown. We reviewed our experience with the Malone antegrade continence enema procedure and investigated functional outcomes and complications associated with proximal and distal locations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an institutional review board approved, retrospective chart review of 109 consecutive MACE procedures done by a single surgeon from 2000 to 2012. Preoperative patient characteristics, intraoperative techniques and postoperative outcomes were reviewed and statistical analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Included in analysis were 90 patients treated with a total of 109 MACE procedures. Average age at operation was 13.8 years. Myelomeningocele was the most common diagnosis. Most patients underwent simultaneous urinary reconstruction. Stomal complications were most common (49% of patients). We compared the outcomes of proximal (cecal) MACE in 48 cases and distal (sigmoid colon) MACE in 55. Location did not affect the overall efficiency of fecal continence. Flush time was shorter for distal than for proximal MACE stomas (37.2 vs 61.2 minutes, p <0.001). Of the patients 15 underwent a total of 20 complete MACE revisions, including 12 proximal and 6 distal MACEs. As a channel, appendix was associated with a higher but not statistically significant stomal complication rate compared to colon (42% vs 25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A cecal, transverse or colonic location for MACE results in acceptable outcomes. Distal MACE is associated with significantly shorter flush time and possibly fewer stomal complications. Stomal complications remain a frustrating reality of the MACE procedure.
authors: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors: Jonathan S
authors: JS
authors: Ellison
authors: A Neil
authors: AN
authors: Haraway
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D012809:Colon, Sigmoid / Q000601:surgery*; D003125:Colostomy / Q000379:methods*; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: BMI; MACE; Malone antegrade continence enema; body mass index; colon; enema; fecal incontinence; reconstructive surgical procedures; sigmoid; surgical stomas