title: Evidence of a strong association between frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels in T1D exchange clinic registry participants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite substantial evidence of the benefit of frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 1 diabetes, certain insurers limit the number of test strips that they will provide. The large database of the T1D Exchange clinic registry provided an opportunity to evaluate the relationship between the number of SMBG measurements per day and HbA1c levels across a wide age range of children and adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis included 20,555 participants in the T1D Exchange clinic registry with type 1 diabetes ≥1 year and not using a continuous glucose monitor (11,641 younger than age 18 years and 8,914 18 years old or older). General linear models were used to assess the association between the number of SMBG measurements and HbA1c levels after adjusting for potential confounding variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher number of SMBG measurements per day were associated with non-Hispanic white race, insurance coverage, higher household income, and use of an insulin pump for insulin delivery (P < 0.001 for each factor). After adjusting for these factors, a higher number of SMBG measurements per day was strongly associated with a lower HbA1c level (adjusted P < 0.001), with the association being present in all age-groups and in both insulin pump and injection users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong association between higher SMBG frequency and lower HbA1c levels. It is important for insurers to consider that reducing restrictions on the number of test strips provided per month may lead to improved glycemic control for some patients with type 1 diabetes.
authors: Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA. T1dstats@jaeb.org
authors: Kellee M
authors: KM
authors: Miller
authors: Roy W
authors: RW
authors: Beck
authors: Richard M
authors: RM
authors: Bergenstal
authors: Robin S
authors: RS
authors: Goland
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Haller
authors: Janet B
authors: JB
authors: McGill
authors: Henry
authors: H
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Jill H
authors: JH
authors: Simmons
authors: Irl B
authors: IB
authors: Hirsch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
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