title: Optical and spectroscopic properties of human whole blood and plasma with and without Y₂O₃ and Nd³⁺:Y₂O₃ nanoparticles.
abstract: The optical properties of human whole blood and blood plasma with and without Y₂O₃ and Nd³⁺:Y₂O₃ nanoparticles are characterized in the near infrared region at 808 nm using a double integrating sphere technique. Using experimentally measured quantities of diffuse reflectance and diffuse transmittance, a computational analysis was conducted utilizing the Kubelka-Munk, the Inverse Adding Doubling, and Magic Light Kubelka-Munk and Monte Carlo Methods to determine optical properties of the absorption and scattering coefficients. Room temperature absorption and emission spectra were also acquired of Nd³⁺:Y₂O₃ nanoparticles elucidating their utility as biological markers. The emission spectra of Nd³⁺:Y₂O₃ were taken by exciting the nanoparticles before and after entering the whole blood sample. The emission from the ⁴F(3/2) → ⁴I(11/2) manifold transition of Nd³⁺:Y₂O₃ nanoparticles readily propagates through the blood sample at excitation of 808 nm and exhibits a shift in relative intensities of the peaks due to differences in scattering. At 808 nm, in both whole blood and plasma samples, a direct relationship was found with absorption coefficient and Y₂O₃ nanoparticle concentration. Results for the whole blood indicate a small inverse relationship with Y₂O₃ nanoparticle concentration and scattering coefficient and in contrast a direct relation for the plasma.
authors: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249-0697, USA.
authors: Frederick J
authors: FJ
authors: Barrera
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Yust
authors: Lawrence C
authors: LC
authors: Mimun
authors: Kelly L
authors: KL
authors: Nash
authors: Andrew T
authors: AT
authors: Tsin
authors: Dhiraj K
authors: DK
authors: Sardar
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009354:Neodymium / Q000737:chemistry; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D009354:Neodymium; D015019:Yttrium; C091417:yttria
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