title: Electrical properties tomography in the human brain at 1.5, 3, and 7T: a comparison study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of magnetic field strength on the validity of two assumptions (namely, the "transceive phase assumption" and the "phase-only reconstruction") for electrical properties tomography (EPT) at 1.5, 3, and 7T.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Electrical properties tomography is a method to map the conductivity and permittivity using MRI; the B1 (+) amplitude and phase is required as input. The B1 (+) phase, however, cannot be measured and is therefore deduced from the measurable transceive phase using the transceive phase assumption. Also, earlier studies showed that the B1 (+) amplitude is not always required for a reliable conductivity reconstruction; this is the so-called "phase-only conductivity reconstruction."
  
  
  METHODS
  Electromagnetic simulations and MRI measurements of phantoms and the human head.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reconstructed conductivity and permittivity maps based on B1 (+) distributions at 1.5, 3, and 7T were compared to the expected dielectric properties. The noise level of measurements was also determined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transceive phase assumption is most accurate for low-field strengths and low permittivity and in symmetric objects. The phase-only conductivity reconstruction is only applicable at 1.5 and 3T for the investigated geometries. The measurement precision was found to benefit from a higher field strength, which is related to increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and increased curvature of the B1 (+) field.
authors: Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Astrid L H M W
authors: AL
authors: van Lier
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Raaijmakers
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Voigt
authors: Jan J W
authors: JJ
authors: Lagendijk
authors: Peter R
authors: PR
authors: Luijten
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Katscher
authors: Cornelis A T
authors: CA
authors: van den Berg
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: EPT; conductivity; high-field MRI; permittivity