title: Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages specific to hydrogen-sulfide-producing bacteria.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize bacteriophages specific to hydrogen-sulfide-producing bacteria (SPB) from raw animal materials, and to develop a SPB-specific bacteriophage cocktail for rendering application. Meat, chicken offal, and feather samples collected from local supermarkets and rendering processing plants were used to isolate SPB (n = 142). Bacteriophages (n = 52) specific to SPB were isolated and purified from the above samples using 18 of those isolated SPB strains as hosts. The host ranges of bacteriophages against 5 selected SPB strains (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Hafnia alvei) were determined. Electron microscopy observation of 9 phages selected for the phage cocktail revealed that 6 phages belonged to the family of Siphoviridae and 3 belonged to the Myoviridae family. Restriction enzyme digestion analysis with endonuclease DraI detected 6 distinguished patterns among the 9 phages. Phage treatment prevented the growth of SPB for up to 10 h with multiplicity of infection ratios of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 in tryptic soy broth at 30 °C, and extended the lag phase of SPB growth for 2 h at 22 °C with multiplicities of infection of 10, 100, and 1000. These results suggest that the selected bacteriophage cocktail has a high potential for phage application to control SPB in raw animal materials destined for the rendering process.
authors: Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, D239 P&A Building, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Gong
authors: Spencer
authors: S
authors: Heringa
authors: Randhir
authors: R
authors: Singh
authors: Jinkyung
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: Xiuping
authors: X
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016946:Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci / Q000821:virology*; D058507:Host Specificity; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D017900:Myoviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D017906:Siphoviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure