title: Oral human papillomavirus detection in older adults who have human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate reproducibility of oral rinse self-collection for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and investigate associations between oral HPV, oral lesions, immune and sociodemographic factors, we performed a cross-sectional study of older adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected oral rinse samples from 52 subjects at 2 different times of day, followed by an oral examination and interview. We identified HPV with the use of polymerase chain reaction platforms optimized for detection of mucosal and cutaneous types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-seven percent of individuals had oral HPV, of which 23% had oncogenic alpha, 40% had nononcogenic alpha, and 46% had beta or gamma HPV. Paired oral specimens were concordant in all parameters tested. Significant associations observed for oral HPV with increased HIV viral load, hepatitis C seropositivity, history of sexually transmitted diseases, and lifetime number of sexual partners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral cavity may be a reservoir of subclinical HPV in older adults who have HIV infection. Understanding natural history, transmission, and potential implications of oral HPV warrants further investigations.
authors: Department of Diagnostic Sciences, New Jersey Dental School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA. fatahza@umdnj.edu
authors: Mahnaz
authors: M
authors: Fatahzadeh
authors: Nicolas F
authors: NF
authors: Schlecht
authors: Zigui
authors: Z
authors: Chen
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Bottalico
authors: Sharod
authors: S
authors: McKinney
authors: Janae
authors: J
authors: Ostoloza
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Dunne
authors: Robert D
authors: RD
authors: Burk
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D052686:Betapapillomavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002353:Carrier State / Q000821:virology; D003075:Coitus; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D052689:Gammapapillomavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006678:HIV / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000821:virology*; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000821:virology; D009858:Oncogenic Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
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