title: Substantial risk affects the stage-dependent outcomes of cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy for completely resected non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effective adjuvant chemotherapy (Adj.C) for completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was recently established. However, there may be some unresolved adverse effects, as have been observed in early stage populations or long-term survivors after other types of Adj.C. The substantial risk in such patients was examined by a mathematical method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Variables X and Y were defined by two outcomes of Adj.C: X = the ability to eliminate micro-metastasis and Y = the development of effects that threaten life. Then, the following formula was generated: Survival benefit = (death rate) X - (death rate) X Y - (survival rate) Y. We then solved for X and Y and verified our findings using reported data from clinical trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By solving two simultaneous equations for the formula applied to the data for stage (1) IA and (2) IIIA in the LACE study (J Clin Oncol 26:5043-5051, 2008), X and Y were 2.6 and 1.9, respectively. When these values were applied in the formula for stage IB patients in the same study, the theoretical (-2.3 %) and reported values (2.5 %) were close. When these were applied for stage IB-IIIA patients in the IALT study (N Engl J Med 350:351-360, 2004), the theoretical (5.0 %) and reported values (4.1 %) were also similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assuming a substantial risk provides an explanation for the stage-dependent outcomes of Adj.C for completely resected NSCLC.
authors: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan, iyoshino@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors: Ichiro
authors: I
authors: Yoshino
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008433:Mathematics / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D012306:Risk; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin
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