title: Medical hypnosis as a tool to acclimatize children to noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient cooperation is crucial for the success of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). This study evaluated the efficacy of medical hypnosis to reduce anticipatory anxiety and acclimatization time in children who are candidates for long-term NPPV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical hypnosis was performed by a trained nurse. The acclimatization time and long-term compliance with NPPV were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypnosis was performed in nine children aged 2 to 15 years. Seven children had a high level of anticipatory anxiety because of a tracheotomy since birth (n=2), a history of maxillofacial surgery (n=2), severe dyspnea because of lung disease (n=2), and morbid obesity and depression (n=1), and two children with obstructive sleep apnea failed standard NPPV initiation. The hypnosis techniques were based on distraction in the youngest patient and indirect or direct hypnotic suggestions in the older children to obtain a progressive psychocorporal relaxation. All patients accepted the interface and the NPPV after the first hypnosis session. A median of three sessions was needed for overnight (>6 h) NPPV acceptance. The 6-month compliance with NPPV was excellent, with a median use of 7.5 h per night.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical hypnosis is an effective, safe, noninvasive, and inexpensive tool for reducing the anticipatory distress and acclimatization time for NPPV. This therapy is particularly useful in children with traumatic experiences, such as a tracheotomy or facial surgical procedures.
authors: Pediatric Pulmonary Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris.
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Delord
authors: Pediatric Pulmonary Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; S2A Santé, Ivry sur Seine.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Khirani
authors: Pediatric Pulmonary Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; ADEP ASSISTANCE, Suresnes.
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Ramirez
authors: Pediatric Pulmonary Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris.
authors: Erick Louis
authors: EL
authors: Joseph
authors: Pediatric Pulmonary Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris.
authors: Clotilde
authors: C
authors: Gambier
authors: Pediatric Pulmonary Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris.
authors: Maryse
authors: M
authors: Belson
authors: Pain and Otorhinolaryngology Department, CHU Rouen, Rouen.
authors: Francis
authors: F
authors: Gajan
authors: Pediatric Pulmonary Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris; IMSERM U 955, Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6 University, Paris, France. Electronic address: brigitte.fauroux@trs.aphp.fr.
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Fauroux
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000523:psychology; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000523:psychology*; D012138:Respiratory Therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000523:psychology; D014140:Tracheotomy / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome