title: Systemic immune system alterations in early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Immune activation and inflammation play significant roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To test whether AD patients showed systemic manifestations of inflammation, blood from 41 patients with early stages of AD and 31 aged-match elderly controls were evaluated. Cellular markers for monocyte/macrophage (MO) activation and CD8 T lymphocyte were increased in early AD patients. Expression of monocyte CCR2, the receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), was decreased; however, plasma MCP-1 levels were significantly increased and were related to the degree of MO activation in AD. These findings suggest that AD pathogenesis may be influenced by systemic immunologic dysfunction and provides potential immunologic targets for therapeutic intervention.
authors: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
authors: Rongzhen
authors: R
authors: Zhang
authors: Robert G
authors: RG
authors: Miller
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Madison
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Jin
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Honrada
authors: Will
authors: W
authors: Harris
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Katz
authors: Dallas A
authors: DA
authors: Forshew
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: McGrath
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000378:metabolism*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
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