title: Water extract of processed Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. leaf attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by suppressing Akt-mediated NF-κB activation.
abstract: Although Hydrangea macrophylla is native to Northeast Asia and widely cultivated in many parts of the world, no studies on its anti-inflammatory effects have been reported. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of a water extract of processed H. macrophylla leaf (WH) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. WH inhibited the expression of LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as their regulatory genes inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and TNF-α without any accompanying cytotoxicity. Moreover, WH significantly suppressed the LPS-induced DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as well as the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunits, p65 and p50 by suppressing of IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. WH also increased Akt dephosphorylation, leading to the suppression of the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Our results indicate that WH downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, PGE2, and TNF-α by suppressing the Akt-mediated NF-κB activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
authors: Division of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors: Matharage Gayani
authors: MG
authors: Dilshara
authors: Rajapaksha Gendara Prasad Tharanga
authors: RG
authors: Jayasooriya
authors: Seungheon
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Joon Bum
authors: JB
authors: Jeong
authors: Yong Taek
authors: YT
authors: Seo
authors: Yung Hyun
authors: YH
authors: Choi
authors: Jin-Woo
authors: JW
authors: Jeong
authors: Young Pyo
authors: YP
authors: Jang
authors: Yong-Kee
authors: YK
authors: Jeong
authors: Gi-Young
authors: GY
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D031966:Hydrangea / Q000737:chemistry*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt