title: Complete genome sequences of new xenotropic murine leukemia viruses from the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM): molecular and phylogenetic analyses.
abstract: Approximately 10% of the mouse genome is constituted by endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), and a number of mouse ERVs remain active. Many copies of endogenous murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) are detected in the genomes of inbred mouse strains. Some of these MuLVs are transcriptionally active or produce infectious virus particles. Previously, we identified partial env sequences of new xenotropic MuLVs (X-MuLVs) from a senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) strain. In the present study, we investigated and characterized the complete sequences of the X-MuLVs. The complete genomes and open reading frames (ORFs) of two X-MuLVs, designated xmlv15 and xmlv18 (accession nos. HQ154630 and HQ154631, respectively), were molecularly cloned from the genome of the SAM mice. We confirmed that the xmlv15 and xmlv18 sequences are distinct from all known MuLV genomes and are most similar to DG-75 MuLV. Moreover, we found that common strains of laboratory mice carry our newly identified xmlvs. Additionally, the expression levels of xmlv15-related sequences were much higher in C57BL and ICR mice than in the SAM strains without any stimulators. Our findings suggest that a specific group of endogenous MuLVs is constitutively expressed in the brain and that they may participate in normal functions and/or pathogenic conditions.
authors: Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yun-Jung
authors: YJ
authors: Lee
authors: Byung-Hoon
authors: BH
authors: Jeong
authors: Eun-Kyoung
authors: EK
authors: Choi
authors: Richard I
authors: RI
authors: Carp
authors: Yong-Sun
authors: YS
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D009052:Leukemia Virus, Murine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
references: J Virol. 2010 Dec;84(24):12841-9
references: 20943975
references: Science. 1971 Oct 8;174(4005):155-6
references: 4330367
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Feb 16;96(4):1385-90
references: 9990033
references: Mol Biol Evol. 1987 Jul;4(4):406-25
references: 3447015
references: J Virol. 1991 Aug;65(8):4026-32
references: 2072445
references: J Virol. 1988 Oct;62(10):3545-50
references: 2843657
references: Science. 1970 Oct 16;170(3955):326-7
references: 4318971
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 30;104(5):1655-60
references: 17234809
references: J Virol. 1989 Apr;63(4):1763-74
references: 2564439
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Feb 2;96(3):927-32
references: 9927670
references: Virology. 1986 Oct 30;154(2):420-4
references: 3020789
references: Evolution. 1985 Jul;39(4):783-791
references: 28561359
references: Annu Rev Genet. 1983;17:85-121
references: 6320713
references: Curr Biol. 2001 Nov 13;11(22):R914-6
references: 11719237
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80
references: 7984417
references: J Virol. 1982 Jul;43(1):1-7
references: 6286989
references: J Mol Evol. 1980 Dec;16(2):111-20
references: 7463489
references: Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1951 Jan;76(1):27-32
references: 14816382
references: Virology. 1977 Dec;83(2):449-52
references: 929987
references: Nat Genet. 1999 Feb;21(2):216-9
references: 9988277
references: Cell. 1989 May 19;57(4):659-66
references: 2541919
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Oct 13;349(1):122-30
references: 16930537
references: J Gen Virol. 2012 May;93(Pt 5):915-924
references: 22357751
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Sep 22;106(38):16351-6
references: 19805305
references: Retrovirology. 2010 Nov 30;7:101
references: 21118532
references: J Virol. 1986 May;58(2):359-66
references: 3009853
references: PLoS Pathog. 2006 Mar;2(3):e25
references: 16609730
references: J Virol. 1992 Mar;66(3):1468-75
references: 1310758
references: Science. 1971 Oct 8;174(4005):157-9
references: 5119627
references: J Virol. 1987 Sep;61(9):2659-69
references: 3039159
references: J Immunol. 1975 Jul;115(1):317-20
references: 168257
references: PLoS Genet. 2007 Oct;3(10):2014-22
references: 17967065
references: J Virol. 1987 Apr;61(4):1037-44
references: 3029398
references: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2002 Nov;61(11):1001-12
references: 12430717
references: J Virol. 2009 Jul;83(14):7353-6
references: 19403664
references: Comput Appl Biosci. 1996 Aug;12(4):357-8
references: 8902363
references: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Nov;65(21):3383-98
references: 18818872
references: Nature. 2002 Dec 5;420(6915):520-62
references: 12466850