title: Risk factors for a prolonged third stage of labor and postpartum hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of a third stage of labor ≥15 minutes on bleeding after delivery and other risk factors for a postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study of women undergoing vaginal delivery with placental delivery ≥15 minutes matched by gestational age to the next delivery with placental delivery <15 minutes. Multiple risk factors were evaluated for association with delayed placenta and with PPH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 226 pregnancies ≥15 minutes (cases) versus 226 whose placental time was <15 minutes (controls). The best-fit model identified placental delivery ≥15 minutes, history of retained placenta, nulliparity, and increased length of first stage of labor as significant factors for PPH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The best risk model for PPH includes placental delivery ≥15 minutes, history of retained placenta, nulliparity, and longer first stage of labor.
authors: Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Biostatistics, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
authors: Everett F
authors: EF
authors: Magann
authors: Monica A
authors: MA
authors: Lutgendorf
authors: Sharon D
authors: SD
authors: Keiser
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Porter
authors: Eric R
authors: ER
authors: Siegel
authors: Samantha A
authors: SA
authors: McKelvey
authors: John C
authors: JC
authors: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007747:Labor Stage, First; D007749:Labor Stage, Third; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications; D010298:Parity; D018457:Placenta, Retained; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins