title: The relationships between self-transcendence and spiritual well-being in cognitively intact nursing home patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-transcendence is considered a developmental process of personal maturity and a vital resource of well-being in later adulthood. Measurement of the associations between self-transcendence and spiritual well-being in cognitively intact nursing home patients has not been previously published.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between self-transcendence and spiritual well-being in cognitively intact nursing home patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design using the self-transcendence scale and the FACIT-Sp spiritual well-being questionnaire was adopted. A sample of 202 cognitively intact nursing home patients in mid-Norway was selected to respond to the questionnaires in 2008 and 2009. Statistical analyses were conducted using lisrel 8.8 (Scientific Software International, Chicago, IL, USA) and structural equation modelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A hypothesised structural equation model comprising a two-factor construct of self-transcendence and a three-factor construct of spiritual well-being demonstrated significant direct relationships between self-transcendence and spiritual well-being and total effects of self-transcendence on spiritual well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Facilitating patients' self-transcendence, both interpersonally and intrapersonally, might increase spiritual well-being among cognitively intact nursing home patients, which is seen to be of great importance to nursing home patients' overall satisfaction and satisfaction with staff. The two-factor construct of self-transcendence and the three-factor construct of FACIT-Sp allow a more complex examination of the associations between the constructs and prove more specific guidelines for nursing interventions promoting well-being in nursing home patients.
authors: Faculty of Nursing, Sør-Trøndelag University College, Trondheim, Norway; Research Centre for Health Promotion and Resources, HIST/NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Gørill
authors: G
authors: Haugan
authors: Toril
authors: T
authors: Rannestad
authors: Randi
authors: R
authors: Hammervold
authors: Helge
authors: H
authors: Garåsen
authors: Geir A
authors: GA
authors: Espnes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005851:Geriatric Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D018939:Holistic Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009735:Nursing Homes; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D029181:Spirituality
keywords: FACIT-Sp; SEM analysis; nursing home; self-transcendence; spiritual well-being