title: Brain processing of visual information during fast eye movements maintains motor performance.
abstract: Movement accuracy depends crucially on the ability to detect errors while actions are being performed. When inaccuracies occur repeatedly, both an immediate motor correction and a progressive adaptation of the motor command can unfold. Of all the movements in the motor repertoire of humans, saccadic eye movements are the fastest. Due to the high speed of saccades, and to the impairment of visual perception during saccades, a phenomenon called "saccadic suppression", it is widely believed that the adaptive mechanisms maintaining saccadic performance depend critically on visual error signals acquired after saccade completion. Here, we demonstrate that, contrary to this widespread view, saccadic adaptation can be based entirely on visual information presented during saccades. Our results show that visual error signals introduced during saccade execution--by shifting a visual target at saccade onset and blanking it at saccade offset--induce the same level of adaptation as error signals, presented for the same duration, but after saccade completion. In addition, they reveal that this processing of intra-saccadic visual information for adaptation depends critically on visual information presented during the deceleration phase, but not the acceleration phase, of the saccade. These findings demonstrate that the human central nervous system can use short intra-saccadic glimpses of visual information for motor adaptation, and they call for a reappraisal of current models of saccadic adaptation.
authors: Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon, France. muriel.panouilleres@inserm.fr
authors: Muriel
authors: M
authors: Panouillères
authors: Valérie
authors: V
authors: Gaveau
authors: Camille
authors: C
authors: Socasau
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Urquizar
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: Pélisson
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult
references: Curr Opin Neurol. 2008 Dec;21(6):628-33
references: 18989103
references: Hum Neurobiol. 1986;5(4):245-53
references: 3818374
references: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2001 Oct;12(2):301-5
references: 11587898
references: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2011 Feb 27;366(1564):554-71
references: 21242143
references: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2002 Feb;13(1):41-52
references: 11867249
references: Vision Res. 2000;40(20):2779-96
references: 10960651
references: Vis Neurosci. 1992 Sep-Oct;9(3-4):261-9
references: 1390386
references: J Neurophysiol. 2011 Mar;105(3):1130-40
references: 21123665
references: J Neurosci. 2004 Aug 25;24(34):7531-9
references: 15329400
references: Vision Res. 1995 Dec;35(23-24):3451-8
references: 8560811
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 May 20;105(20):7309-14
references: 18477700
references: Eur J Neurosci. 2008 Jan;27(1):132-44
references: 18184318
references: Neuroreport. 2003 May 6;14(6):875-8
references: 12858051
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1989 May;15(2):249-58
references: 2525598
references: Eur J Neurosci. 2011 Jun;33(11):2114-28
references: 21645105
references: Curr Biol. 2010 Mar 9;20(5):R228-9
references: 20219169
references: J Neurosci. 2010 Nov 24;30(47):15834-42
references: 21106822
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1981 Apr;7(2):356-66
references: 6453929
references: PLoS One. 2011 Feb 23;6(2):e17329
references: 21383849
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2012 Jul;33(7):1512-25
references: 21692144
references: Vision Res. 1991;31(11):1915-21
references: 1771775
references: J Neurophysiol. 2009 Mar;101(3):1550-9
references: 19091922
references: J Vis. 2010 Jun 01;10(6):2
references: 20884551
references: J Vis. 2008 Jun 02;8(8):3.1-16
references: 18831626
references: Vision Res. 1976 Jan;16(1):99-106
references: 1258395
references: J Neurophysiol. 1997 Feb;77(2):874-95
references: 9065856
references: Invest Ophthalmol. 1976 Aug;15(8):657-60
references: 955831
references: Vision Res. 1969 Oct;9(10):1247-58
references: 5360604
references: J Neurosci. 2009 Oct 14;29(41):12930-9
references: 19828807
references: Exp Brain Res. 2009 May;195(3):445-54
references: 19404623
references: J Neurophysiol. 2012 Jun;107(11):3062-70
references: 22442565
references: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Jan;45(1):123-30
references: 14691163
references: Exp Brain Res. 2010 Jul;204(2):145-62
references: 20544185
references: Ann Neurol. 1978 Oct;4(4):313-8
references: 727736
references: Exp Brain Res. 1999 Nov;129(1):161-6
references: 10550514
references: J Neurophysiol. 2012 Jun;107(12):3342-8
references: 22442574
references: Exp Brain Res. 2002 Feb;142(3):335-41
references: 11819041
references: J Neurophysiol. 1999 Jun;81(6):2798-813
references: 10368398
references: J Neurophysiol. 1998 Nov;80(5):2405-16
references: 9819252
references: J Neurosci. 2008 Dec 17;28(51):13929-37
references: 19091981
references: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Jul;34(8):1103-20
references: 20026351
references: Vision Res. 1978;18(5):557-60
references: 664338
references: J Neurophysiol. 2011 Sep;106(3):1399-410
references: 21676933
references: J Neurophysiol. 1980 Dec;44(6):1058-76
references: 7452323
references: Brain Res. 2002 Nov 29;956(2):374-9
references: 12445708
references: J Neurophysiol. 2003 Aug;90(2):1235-44
references: 12711711
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 May;1164:166-72
references: 19645895
references: Percept Psychophys. 1989 Feb;45(2):162-74
references: 2928078
references: Prog Neurobiol. 2004 Jan;72(1):27-53
references: 15019175