title: Exosomes-associated neurodegeneration and progression of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Growing evidence indicates the role of exosomes in a variety of physiological pathways as conveyors of biological materials from cell-to-cell. However the molecular mechanism(s) of secretion and their interaction with receiving cells are yet unclear. Recently, it is emerging that exosomes are involved in pathological processes as potential carriers in the progression of neurodegenerative pathologies associated with misfolded proteins. In the current review we will discuss some recent findings on the key role of exosomes in the spreading of the aggregated products of α-synuclein from neuron-to-neuron and of inflammatory response propagation from immune cell-to-cell; we will highlight the implication of exosomes in the neurodegeneration and progression of the disease and the their potential interplay with genes related to Parkinson's disease. Increasing our knowledge on the cell-to-cell transmissions might provide new insights into mechanism of disease onset and progression and identify novel strategies for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in Parkinson and other neurodegenerative diseases.
authors: Department of Biology, University of Padova Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
authors: Isabella
authors: I
authors: Russo
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Bubacco
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Greggio
keywords: Exosomes; LRRK2; Parkinson’s disease; neuronal degeneration; α-synuclein
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 4;106(31):13010-5
references: 19651612
references: J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):9262-72
references: 20071342
references: Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Nov 1;18(21):4022-34
references: 19640926
references: Mol Cell Neurosci. 2006 Apr;31(4):642-8
references: 16446100
references: Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1346-9
references: 11701929
references: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2009 Aug;21(4):575-81
references: 19442504
references: Neuron. 2011 Oct 6;72(1):57-71
references: 21982369
references: J Biol Chem. 2012 May 4;287(19):15345-64
references: 22315227
references: J Biol Chem. 2007 May 25;282(21):15597-605
references: 17395592
references: J Neurosci. 2011 Oct 12;31(41):14508-20
references: 21994367
references: Neurobiol Dis. 2011 Aug;43(2):338-45
references: 21515373
references: Immunol Lett. 2006 Nov 15;107(2):102-8
references: 17067686
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2002 Aug;2(8):569-79
references: 12154376
references: Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Apr 15;18(R1):R48-59
references: 19297401
references: Neurobiol Dis. 2011 Jun;42(3):360-7
references: 21303699
references: Cell Tissue Res. 2004 Oct;318(1):121-34
references: 15338272
references: Lancet. 2011 Feb 19;377(9766):641-9
references: 21292315
references: Cell Death Dis. 2012 Jul 19;3:e350
references: 22825468
references: Age Ageing. 2010 Mar;39(2):156-61
references: 20051606
references: Mov Disord. 2011 Jan;26(1):6-17
references: 21322014
references: J Leukoc Biol. 2006 Sep;80(3):471-8
references: 16809645
references: J Biochem. 2006 Jul;140(1):13-21
references: 16877764
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Dec;1793(12):1901-16
references: 19781582
references: Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Jul;11(7):909-13
references: 19503072
references: Brain. 1999 Aug;122 ( Pt 8):1437-48
references: 10430830
references: J Neurosci. 2011 Feb 9;31(6):2225-37
references: 21307259
references: Biol Chem. 2002 Jan;383(1):69-83
references: 11928824
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 26;95(11):6469-73
references: 9600990
references: Nat Med. 1998 May;4(5):594-600
references: 9585234
references: Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Dec;8(12):4702-13
references: 22408597
references: Blood. 2007 Nov 1;110(9):3234-44
references: 17666571
references: Neurobiol Aging. 2003 Mar-Apr;24(2):197-211
references: 12498954
references: Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(2):200-8
references: 22229581
references: Mol Neurodegener. 2011 Jan 18;6(1):6
references: 21244648
references: Neuroscience. 1990;39(1):151-70
references: 2089275
references: Prog Neurobiol. 2010 Nov;92(3):316-29
references: 20541584
references: Curr Protoc Cell Biol. 2006 Apr;Chapter 3:Unit 3.22
references: 18228490
references: Lancet Neurol. 2011 Nov;10(11):1015-25
references: 22014436
references: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2010 Jul-Aug;3(4):283-7
references: 20972375
references: J Neurol. 2002 Oct;249 Suppl 3:III/15-20
references: 12522566
references: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1996 Mar;55(3):259-72
references: 8786384
references: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(9):1835-49
references: 18291704
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Oct;9(10):741-5
references: 18769444
references: J Neural Transm Suppl. 1997;50:79-88
references: 9120427
references: J Cell Sci. 2005 Jul 1;118(Pt 13):2849-58
references: 15976444
references: Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 May 10;319(1):142-8
references: 7771778
references: Nat Genet. 2009 Dec;41(12):1303-7
references: 19915576
references: Brain. 1991 Oct;114 ( Pt 5):2283-301
references: 1933245
references: Nat Med. 2008 May;14(5):501-3
references: 18391963
references: Acta Neuropathol. 2012 Sep;124(3):325-38
references: 22806825
references: Proteomics Clin Appl. 2007 Nov;1(11):1446-61
references: 21136642
references: Trends Neurosci. 2010 Jul;33(7):317-25
references: 20493564
references: J Immunol. 2005 Aug 15;175(4):2237-43
references: 16081791
references: Cell Tissue Res. 2013 Apr;352(1):33-47
references: 22610588
references: Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):636-40
references: 12714745
references: Ann Hum Genet. 2010 Mar;74(2):97-109
references: 20070850
references: J Neurosci. 2010 May 19;30(20):6838-51
references: 20484626
references: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 May;37(5):942-6
references: 15743669
references: J Clin Invest. 2011 Feb;121(2):715-25
references: 21245577
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Aug;9(8):581-93
references: 19498381
references: Nat Med. 2008 May;14(5):504-6
references: 18391962
references: Semin Immunopathol. 2011 Sep;33(5):455-67
references: 21318413
references: Nature. 2011 Aug 14;477(7362):107-10
references: 21841800
references: J Neurochem. 2008 Oct;107(2):303-16
references: 18691382
references: Neuron. 2006 Oct 5;52(1):33-8
references: 17015225
references: Trends Immunol. 2008 Aug;29(8):357-65
references: 18599350
references: Neurosci Res. 2011 Apr;69(4):337-42
references: 21255620
references: PLoS Genet. 2010 Apr 08;6(4):e1000902
references: 20386743
references: Front Physiol. 2012 May 03;3:124
references: 22563321
references: Mol Cell Neurosci. 2011 Feb;46(2):409-18
references: 21111824
references: J Exp Med. 1996 Mar 1;183(3):1161-72
references: 8642258
references: Dev Neurobiol. 2007 Nov;67(13):1815-29
references: 17701989
references: Exp Cell Res. 2008 Jun 10;314(10):2055-65
references: 18445495
references: Lancet. 2009 Jun 13;373(9680):2055-66
references: 19524782
references: Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2009 Jun;19(3):254-65
references: 19419854
references: Neuron. 2009 Dec 24;64(6):783-90
references: 20064386
references: J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 26;276(4):2380-6
references: 11060312
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Oct 25;108(43):17797-802
references: 22006323
references: Cell Death Differ. 2011 Sep;18(9):1425-33
references: 21566660
references: J Immunol. 2001 Jun 15;166(12):7309-18
references: 11390481
references: Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1989;126:47-54
references: 2618593
references: Traffic. 2011 Dec;12(12):1659-68
references: 21645191