title: [3D in laparoscopy: state of the art].
abstract: High definition stereoscopic (3D) vision has been introduced into the operation theatre. This review exposes the optical and physiological background as well as the state of the art of 3D in laparoscopy. The distinguishing marks of 3D laparoscopes and monitors are listed and characteristics of stereoscopy, such as comfort zones and ghosting are explained. Suggestions for the practical use in the clinical routine should help to extract the best benefit possible from the new technology.
authors: Arbeitsgruppe Chirurgische Technologie und Training, Klinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universtitätsklinikum Tübingen, Deutschland.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Kunert
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Storz
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Müller
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Axt
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kirschniak
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D003867:Depth Perception; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation*
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