title: Greater prevalence of Y chromosome Q1a3a haplogroup in Y-microdeleted Chilean men: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of South Amerindian Y chromosome in Chilean patients with spermatogenic failure and their association with classical and/or AZFc-partial Y chromosome deletions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 400 men, 218 with secretory azo/oligozoospermia (cases) and 182 controls (116 fertile and/or normozoospermic, and 66 azoospermic with normal spermatogenesis). After a complete testicular characterization (physical evaluation, hormonal and/or biopsy) peripheral blood was drawn to obtain DNA for Y chromosome microdeletions, AZFc-partial deletions and biallelic analysis by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the M3 (rs3894) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Classical AZF microdeletions were found in 23 cases (Y-microdeleted). AZFc-partial deletions were observed in 10 cases (6 "gr/gr", 3 "b2/b3" and 1 "b1/b3") and 4 controls (4 "gr/gr"). The AZFc-partial deletions were mainly associated with the absence of DAZ1/DAZ2 (64 %). No significant differences in the prevalence of AZFc-partial deletions were observed between cases and controls. We observed a significant higher proportion of the Q1a3a haplogroup in Y-microdeleted men compared to patients with spermatogenic failure without deletions and control men (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively by Bonferroni test). Among them, patients with AZFb deletions had an increased prevalence of the Q1a3a haplogroup compared to controls, cases without deletions and to those with complete or partial-AZFc deletions (P<0.01, Bonferroni test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Q1a3a South Amerindian lineage seems to increase the susceptibility to non AZFc microdeletions. On the other hand, in Chilean population the AZFc-partial deletions ("gr/gr", "b1/b3" and/or "b2/b3") does not seem to predispose to severe spermatogenic impairment.
authors: Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 1234, Santiago, Chile.
authors: María C
authors: MC
authors: Lardone
authors: Altinay
authors: A
authors: Marengo
authors: Alexis
authors: A
authors: Parada-Bustamante
authors: Lucía
authors: L
authors: Cifuentes
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Piottante
authors: Mauricio
authors: M
authors: Ebensperger
authors: Raúl
authors: R
authors: Valdevenito
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Castro
mesh_terms: D053713:Azoospermia / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002677:Chile; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations; D058533:Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development / Q000235:genetics*
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