title: Inculcating the ergonomic culture in developing countries: national healthy schoolbag initiative in Sri Lanka.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article is to describe a survey on ergonomic factors of classroom environments of school children, their influence on health, and use of research outcomes to launch a healthy schoolbag initiative.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Ergonomics have not yet well penetrated relevant fields in industrially developing countries, such as Sri Lanka. One of the crucial parameters of the school environment is ergonomics. Available evidence suggests ergonomic mismatches in classroom settings. Good practice examples in child ergonomic interventions are few in resource-poor contexts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a district in Sri Lanka with a sample of 1,607 children in Grades 6 to 8 with the use of a stratified multistage cluster sampling method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many children did experience discomfort related to substandard seating arrangements in the classroom. A significant proportion had to turn their necks to see the blackboard. For many children, seating locations were not changed. There were widespread incompatibilities of classroom furniture with anthropometric dimensions of children. A majority of children perceived discomfort contributed by mismatched classroom furniture. Carriage of school materials was not healthy. Deficiencies were noted in weight, model, ergonomic features, and carrying behavior of bags. Children experienced several negative effects, in part attributable to mismatched ergonomic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The schoolbag was considered a priority issue. Findings were disseminated to stakeholders and to media. Solutions were contemplated on bag weight reduction, healthy schoolbag introduction, and behavior change in a collaborative initiative with the Education Ministry. Political, administrative, and business stakeholders were successfully engaged to inculcate an ergonomic culture in an industrially developing country.
authors: Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, 613/1 Nihathamani, Embaraluwa (South), Weliveriya 11710, Sri Lanka. kapjay613@gmail.com
authors: Kapila
authors: K
authors: Jayaratne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001416:Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D003906:Developing Countries; D006804:Ergonomics; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013188:Sri Lanka; D013334:Students