title: Y-chromosome and mtDNA genetics reveal significant contrasts in affinities of modern Middle Eastern populations with European and African populations.
abstract: The Middle East was a funnel of human expansion out of Africa, a staging area for the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution, and the home to some of the earliest world empires. Post LGM expansions into the region and subsequent population movements created a striking genetic mosaic with distinct sex-based genetic differentiation. While prior studies have examined the mtDNA and Y-chromosome contrast in focal populations in the Middle East, none have undertaken a broad-spectrum survey including North and sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and Middle Eastern populations. In this study 5,174 mtDNA and 4,658 Y-chromosome samples were investigated using PCA, MDS, mean-linkage clustering, AMOVA, and Fisher exact tests of F(ST)'s, R(ST)'s, and haplogroup frequencies. Geographic differentiation in affinities of Middle Eastern populations with Africa and Europe showed distinct contrasts between mtDNA and Y-chromosome data. Specifically, Lebanon's mtDNA shows a very strong association to Europe, while Yemen shows very strong affinity with Egypt and North and East Africa. Previous Y-chromosome results showed a Levantine coastal-inland contrast marked by J1 and J2, and a very strong North African component was evident throughout the Middle East. Neither of these patterns were observed in the mtDNA. While J2 has penetrated into Europe, the pattern of Y-chromosome diversity in Lebanon does not show the widespread affinities with Europe indicated by the mtDNA data. Lastly, while each population shows evidence of connections with expansions that now define the Middle East, Africa, and Europe, many of the populations in the Middle East show distinctive mtDNA and Y-haplogroup characteristics that indicate long standing settlement with relatively little impact from and movement into other populations.
authors: The Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors: Danielle A
authors: DA
authors: Badro
authors: Bouchra
authors: B
authors: Douaihy
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Haber
authors: Sonia C
authors: SC
authors: Youhanna
authors: Angélique
authors: A
authors: Salloum
authors: Michella
authors: M
authors: Ghassibe-Sabbagh
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Johnsrud
authors: Georges
authors: G
authors: Khazen
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Matisoo-Smith
authors: David F
authors: DF
authors: Soria-Hernanz
authors: R Spencer
authors: RS
authors: Wells
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Tyler-Smith
authors: Daniel E
authors: DE
authors: Platt
authors: Pierre A
authors: PA
authors: Zalloua
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008877:Middle East; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
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