title: Metabolic syndrome components in obese Egyptian children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is one of the most serious global health issues. The aim of this study was to assess the association between obesity and different components of metabolic syndrome among obese school children aged 7 to 9 years, and to identify associated clinical and biochemical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study among children attending Al-Zahraa Hospital Outpatient Clinic March 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 60 obese children (28 boys and 32 girls) and 50 non-obese controls (25 boys and 25 girls). Anthropometry, fasting glucose, insulin concentrations, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were measured. Insulin resistance was determined by Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Subcutaneous and visceral fat thicknesses were measured ultrasonographically. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined according to the Cook criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS was found in 25% of obese cases. Obese children showed significantly higher values in waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, levels of systolic and diastolic BP, insulin, HOMA-IR and LDL compared to their lean controls. HDL was significantly lower in obese children compared to controls. Obese children with MS had significantly higher values of body mass index standard deviation score (SDS), skinfold thickness, visceral fat thickness, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic BP, HOMA-IR, insulin and triglycerides compared to obese children without MS, whereas HDL was significantly lower. Obese children with MS had a high prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia compared to children without MS. Results showed positive relationships between visceral fat and waist circumference as well as with insulin level in obese children (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of the MS is considerable among obese Egyptian children. Abdominal obesity and high HOMA-IR values were the most frequent components of this syndrome among obese children. The study suggests that increased degree of insulin resistance is associated with a heightened risk of suffering MS.
authors: Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, NRC, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, cImmunogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
authors: Moushira Erfan
authors: ME
authors: Zaki
authors: Sanaa Kamal
authors: SK
authors: Mohamed
authors: Karima Abd-Elfattah
authors: KA
authors: Bahgat
authors: Shams Mohamed
authors: SM
authors: Kholoussi
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL
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