title: Increased multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli from hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli) has become a major public health concern in Sudan and many countries, causing failure in treatment with consequent huge health burden.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and susceptibility of MDR E. coli isolated from patients in hospitals at Khartoum State.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May to August 2011, E. coli (n = 232) isolated from clinical specimens, identified, tested their antimicrobials susceptibility and screened for extend spectrum â-lactamase production as per standard methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 232 E. coli isolates, the majority were from urine (65.1%). MDR E. coli were present in 214 (92.2%). Of these, the resistance rates were recorded to: amoxicillin 97.7%, cefuroxime 92.5%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 88.3%, tetracycline 77.1%, nalidixic acid 72%, ceftriaxone 64%, ciprofloxacin 58.4%, ofloxacin 55.1%, amoxicillin-clavulanate 50.4%, ceftazidime, gentamicin 35% each, nitrofurantoin 22.4%, chloramphenicol, tobramicin 18.2% each and amikacin 1.9%. Overall MDR E. coli, 53.3% were resistant to > 7 antimicrobial agents and ESBL was detected in 32.7%. Isolates from males were more resistant than those from females (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug-resistance surveillance and epidemiological analysis of patient data is need periodically and can be informative for appropriate management of antimicrobial resistance.
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khartoum University, Sudan. mutasimhadi87@hotmail.com
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Ibrahim
authors: N E
authors: NE
authors: Bilal
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Hamid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: E. coli; Multi-drug resistance; Sudan
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