title: Sepsis-surviving mice are more susceptible to a secondary kidney insult.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well known that sepsis causes damage in different organs, including kidneys. However, few studies have been conducted on the magnitude of the long-term effects of sepsis on the surviving population, in particular, in relation to kidney disease. In this study, we examined the impact of long-term effects of sepsis on a second kidney insult.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wild-type mice were subjected to the cecal ligation and puncture sepsis model. Control animals underwent identical laparotomy but without ligation and cecum puncture. On days 0, 7, and 14 after surgery, the ratio between urinary protein and creatinine was measured. Fifteen days after surgery, surviving mice were subjected to a second kidney insult through intraperitoneal injections of bovine serum albumin for 7 days. On day 22 after surgery, urinary protein and creatinine, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, histologic parameters, macrophage infiltration, apoptotic cell, renal and plasmatic cytokines were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On days 7 and 14 after surgery, the urinary protein and creatinine observed in the septic animal group were higher than those observed in the control group. On day 22 after surgery, sepsis-surviving animals that were subjected to a second kidney insult showed more severe tubular injury compared with controls. This process seems to involve an immunosuppressive state because the concentrations of some renal cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, interferon-γ and chemokine ligand 2, were decreased and leukocyte numbers were increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that sepsis induces long-term effects in kidney structure aggravating tubule damage in a second kidney insult.
authors: Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Viviane G
authors: VG
authors: Portella
authors: João L
authors: JL
authors: Silva-Filho
authors: Sharon S
authors: SS
authors: Landgraf
authors: Thais Baldez
authors: TB
authors: de Rico
authors: Maria Aparecida R
authors: MA
authors: Vieira
authors: Christina Maeda
authors: CM
authors: Takiya
authors: Mariana C
authors: MC
authors: Souza
authors: Maria G
authors: MG
authors: Henriques
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Canetti
authors: Ana Acacia S
authors: AA
authors: Pinheiro
authors: Claudia F
authors: CF
authors: Benjamim
authors: Celso
authors: C
authors: Caruso-Neves
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002432:Cecum; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051379:Mice; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011677:Punctures; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers