title: Stand variation in Pinus radiata and its relationship with allometric scaling and critical buckling height.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Allometric relationships and the determination of critical buckling heights have been examined for Pinus radiata in the past. However, how they relate to more mature Pinus radiata exhibiting a wide range of stem diameters, slenderness and modulus of elasticity (E) at operationally used stand densities is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Pinus radiata stand structure variables and allometric scaling and critical buckling height.
  
  
  METHODS
  Utilizing a Pinus radiata Nelder trial with stand density and genetic breed as variables, critical buckling height was calculated whilst reduced major axis regression was used to determine scaling exponents between critical height (Hcrit), actual height (H), ground line diameter (D), slenderness (S), density-specific stiffness (E/ρ) and modulus of elasticity (E).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Critical buckling height was highly responsive to decreasing diameter and increasing slenderness. Safety factors in this study were typically considerably lower than previously reported margins in other species. As density-specific stiffness scaled negatively with diameter, the exponent of 0·55 between critical height and diameter did not meet the assumed value of 0·67 under constant density-specific stiffness. E scaled positively with stem slenderness to the power of 0·78.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that within species density-specific stiffness variation may influence critical height and the scaling exponent between critical height and diameter, which is considered so important in assumptions regarding allometric relationships.
authors: School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. mjwaghorn@hotmail.com
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: Waghorn
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Watt
mesh_terms: D017753:Ecosystem; D009520:New Zealand; D028223:Pinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development
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