title: Episodic context binding in task switching: evidence from amnesia.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether amnesic patients show a bivalency effect. The bivalency effect refers to the performance slowing that occurs when switching tasks and bivalent stimuli appear occasionally among univalent stimuli. According to the episodic context binding account, bivalent stimuli create a conflict-loaded context that is re-activated on subsequent trials and thus it is assumed that it depends on memory binding processes. Given the profound memory deficit in amnesia, we hypothesized that the bivalency effect would be largely reduced in amnesic patients. We tested sixteen severely amnesic patients and a control group with a paradigm requiring predictable alternations between three simple cognitive tasks, with bivalent stimuli occasionally occurring on one of these tasks. The results showed the typical bivalency effect for the control group, that is, a generalized slowing for each task. In contrast, for amnesic patients, only a short-lived slowing was present on the task that followed immediately after a bivalent stimulus, indicating that the binding between tasks and context was impaired in amnesic patients.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for Cognition, Learning & Memory, University of Bern, Switzerland. beat.meier@psy.unibe.ch
authors: Beat
authors: B
authors: Meier
authors: Alodie
authors: A
authors: Rey-Mermet
authors: Todd S
authors: TS
authors: Woodward
authors: René
authors: R
authors: Müri
authors: Klemens
authors: K
authors: Gutbrod
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000647:Amnesia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception