title: Burkholderia vaccines: are we moving forward?
abstract: The genus Burkholderia consists of diverse species which includes both "friends" and "foes." Some of the "friendly" Burkholderia spp. are extensively used in the biotechnological and agricultural industry for bioremediation and biocontrol. However, several members of the genus including B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. cepacia, are known to cause fatal disease in both humans and animals. B. pseudomallei and B. mallei are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, while B. cepacia infection is lethal to cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Due to the high rate of infectivity and intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, together with high mortality rate, B. mallei and B. pseudomallei are considered to be potential biological warfare agents. Treatments of the infections caused by these bacteria are often unsuccessful with frequent relapse of the infection. Thus, we are at a crucial stage of the need for Burkholderia vaccines. Although the search for a prophylactic therapy candidate continues, to date development of vaccines has not advanced beyond research to human clinical trials. In this article, we review the current research on development of safe vaccines with high efficacy against B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. cepacia. It can be concluded that further research will enable elucidation of the potential benefits and risks of Burkholderia vaccines.
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Leang-Chung
authors: LC
authors: Choh
authors: Guang-Han
authors: GH
authors: Ong
authors: Kumutha M
authors: KM
authors: Vellasamy
authors: Kaveena
authors: K
authors: Kalaiselvam
authors: Wen-Tyng
authors: WT
authors: Kang
authors: Anis R
authors: AR
authors: Al-Maleki
authors: Vanitha
authors: V
authors: Mariappan
authors: Jamuna
authors: J
authors: Vadivelu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D019121:Burkholderia Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016956:Burkholderia cepacia / Q000276:immunology*; D042726:Burkholderia mallei / Q000276:immunology*; D016957:Burkholderia pseudomallei / Q000276:immunology*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications*; D005896:Glanders / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008554:Melioidosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D023421:Models, Animal; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: Burkholderia cepacia; Burkholderia mallei; Burkholderia pseudomallei; cystic fibrosis; glanders; melioidosis; vaccine
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