title: Increased prefrontal oxygenation related to distractor-resistant working memory in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
abstract: This study aimed at investigating the effect of distraction on working memory and its underlying neural mechanisms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To this end, we studied hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex using near-infrared spectroscopy while 16 children with ADHD and 10 typically developing (TD) children performed a working memory task. This task had two conditions: one involved a distraction during the memory delay interval, whereas the other had no systematic distraction. The ADHD patients showed significantly poorer behavioral performance compared with the TD group, particularly under the distraction. The ADHD group exhibited significantly higher level of prefrontal activation than did TD children. The activity level was positively correlated with the severity of ADHD symptoms. These results suggest that the impairment in the inhibition of distraction is responsible for the working memory deficits observed in ADHD children. Inefficient processing in the prefrontal cortex appears to underlie such deficits.
authors: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan. tsujimoto@ruby.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Tsujimoto
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Yasumura
authors: Yushiro
authors: Y
authors: Yamashita
authors: Miyuki
authors: M
authors: Torii
authors: Makiko
authors: M
authors: Kaga
authors: Masumi
authors: M
authors: Inagaki
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
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