title: Visualization and quantitative profiling of mixing and segregation of granules using synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography and three dimensional reconstruction.
abstract: Tomographic imaging techniques have great potential for improving understanding of the dynamics of granular materials during manufacturing, handling, and storage. In this study, the synchrotron radiation X-ray computed microtomography (SR-μCT) was used non-invasively to monitor blend homogeneity of binary mixtures. Granular samples of microcrystalline cellulose and starch were characterized using the SR-μCT individually. Simultaneously, particle distribution was investigated by calculating the frequency distribution of a statistic for testing sphericity. Then, the microcrystalline cellulose and starch granules were blended in a cylindrical container. Influences of the time of rotations TR and the time of vibration TV on the mixture homogeneity were studied with the SR-μCT and statistical evaluation. The mixing index is also adopted to evaluate the mixture homogeneity of the particle system. The results showed that mixture homogeneity is improved with increasing TR. Furthermore, segregation increased with longer TV when particles are different in size and shape. The larger starch granules of non-spherical shape have a tendency to rise to the top, while the smaller microcrystalline cellulose granules which are spherical tend to migrate to the bottom of the mixture. Therefore, we demonstrate that SR-μCT can investigate the mixing and segregation of granular materials in three-dimensions combined with statistic method.
authors: Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors: Ruihao
authors: R
authors: Liu
authors: Xianzhen
authors: X
authors: Yin
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Qun
authors: Q
authors: Shao
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: York
authors: You
authors: Y
authors: He
authors: Tiqiao
authors: T
authors: Xiao
authors: Jiwen
authors: J
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry; D017356:Synchrotrons; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002482:Cellulose; D013213:Starch; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose