title: Improvised microinjection technique for mosquito vectors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bio-manipulation technique is of primary importance during the development of transgenic mosquitoes. The study describes the variable factors that influence the viability of medically important mosquito vectors during microinjection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three mosquito vectors belonging to the genus Aedes, Anopheles and Culex were microinjected at different developmental stages of their life cycle viz., egg, larvae, pupae and adult.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The improvisations revealed an increased survivability of biomanipulated mosquitoes during the embryonic and adult microinjection. The study of injecting larvae and pupae resulted in poor survivability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microinjection protocol was successfully tested on three important mosquito vectors. The critical period after biomanipulation which contributes heavily for the survivability factor was evaluated. The results provide a common protocol for biomanipulation of three mosquito vectors with enhanced survivability.
authors: Department of Sericulture & Division of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India.
authors: S Sampath
authors: SS
authors: Kumar
authors: H P
authors: HP
authors: Puttaraju
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D009033:Culicidae; D007303:Insect Vectors; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008845:Microinjections / Q000379:methods*; D013045:Species Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis
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