title: Three-dimensional sonohysterography for examination of the uterine cavity in women with abnormal uterine bleeding: Preliminary findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare the diagnostic values of three-dimensional sonohysterography (3DSH), transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), and 2-dimensional sonohysterography (2DSH) in the work-up of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), in particular the ability of each method to identify intracavitary lesions arising from the endometrium or uterine wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 patients referred for AUB underwent TVUS followed by 2-D and 3-D HS in the same session. Three-dimensional data were acquired with a free-hand technique during maximal distention of the uterus. Within 10 days of the sonographic session, each patient underwent hysteroscopy, which was considered the reference standard. For each of the 3 imaging methods, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hysteroscopy demonstrated the presence of an intrauterine lesion in 21/24 patients (87.5%). In 3/24 patients hysteroscopy was negative. For TVUS, 2DSH, and 3DSH, sensitivity was 76% (16/21), 90% (19/21), 100% (21/21), respectively; specificity was 100% (3/3), 100% (19/19), 100% (21/21); PPV was 100%, 100%, 100%; NPV was 37%, 60%, 100%; accuracy was 76%, 90%, 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3DSH is more sensitive that 2DSH or TVUS in the detection of intrauterine lesions. If these preliminary results are confirmed in larger studies, 3DSH could be proposed as a valuable alternative to diagnostic hysteroscopy.
authors: Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan School of Medicine, San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy.
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Sconfienza
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Lacelli
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Caldiera
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Perrone
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Piscopo
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Gandolfo
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Serafini
keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding; Hysteroscopy; Sonohysterography; Three-dimensional sonohysterography
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