title: Virtual reality in neurologic rehabilitation of spatial disorientation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Topographical disorientation (TD) is a severe and persistent impairment of spatial orientation and navigation in familiar as well as new environments and a common consequence of brain damage. Virtual reality (VR) provides a new tool for the assessment and rehabilitation of TD. In VR training programs different degrees of active motor control over navigation may be implemented (i.e. more passive spatial navigation vs. more active). Increasing demands of active motor control may overload those visuo-spatial resources necessary for learning spatial orientation and navigation. In the present study we used a VR-based verbally-guided passive navigation training program to improve general spatial abilities in neurologic patients with spatial disorientation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven neurologic patients with focal brain lesions, which showed deficits in spatial orientation, as well as 11 neurologic healthy controls performed a route finding training in a virtual environment. Participants learned and recalled different routes for navigation in a virtual city over five training sessions. Before and after VR training, general spatial abilities were assessed with standardized neuropsychological tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Route finding ability in the VR task increased over the five training sessions. Moreover, both groups improved different aspects of spatial abilities after VR training in comparison to the spatial performance before VR training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Verbally-guided passive navigation training in VR enhances general spatial cognition in neurologic patients with spatial disorientation as well as in healthy controls and can therefore be useful in the rehabilitation of spatial deficits associated with TD.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/III, 8010, Graz, Austria. silvia.kober@uni-graz.at
authors: Silvia Erika
authors: SE
authors: Kober
authors: Guilherme
authors: G
authors: Wood
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Hofer
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Kreuzig
authors: Manfred
authors: M
authors: Kiefer
authors: Christa
authors: C
authors: Neuper
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003196:Computer Graphics; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014584:User-Computer Interface
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