title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulates emitted by motorcycles.
abstract: We determined eleven PAHs and four NPAHs in particulates and regulated pollutants (CO, CO2, HC, NOx, PM) exhausted from motorcycles to figure out the characteristics of motorcycle exhausts. Fluoranthene and pyrene accounted for more than 50% of the total detected PAHs. Among four detected NPAHs, 6-nitrochrysene and 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene were the predominant NPAHs and were highly correlated relationship with their parent PAHs (R = 0.93 and 0.97, respectively). The PM and HC emissions tended to be close to the PAH emissions. NOx and NPAHs were negatively correlated. Despite their small engine size, motorcycles emitted much more PM and PAHs, showed stronger PAH-related carcinogenicity and indirect-acting mutagenicity, but weaker NPAH-related direct-acting mutagenic potency than automobiles. This is the first study to analyze both PAHs and NPAHs emitted by motorcycles, which could provide useful information to design the emission regulations and standards for motorcycles such as PM.
authors: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan. Electronic address: chauthuy@stu.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.
authors: Chau Thuy
authors: CT
authors: Pham
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Kameda
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Toriba
authors: Kazuichi
authors: K
authors: Hayakawa
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009049:Motorcycles; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Direct-acting mutagenicity; Motorcycles; Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Regulated pollutants