title: Oomycete pathogens encode RNA silencing suppressors.
abstract: Effectors are essential virulence proteins produced by a broad range of parasites, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, protozoa, insects and nematodes. Upon entry into host cells, pathogen effectors manipulate specific physiological processes or signaling pathways to subvert host immunity. Most effectors, especially those of eukaryotic pathogens, remain functionally uncharacterized. Here, we show that two effectors from the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora sojae suppress RNA silencing in plants by inhibiting the biogenesis of small RNAs. Ectopic expression of these Phytophthora suppressors of RNA silencing enhances plant susceptibility to both a virus and Phytophthora, showing that some eukaryotic pathogens have evolved virulence proteins that target host RNA silencing processes to promote infection. These findings identify RNA silencing suppression as a common strategy used by pathogens across kingdoms to cause disease and are consistent with RNA silencing having key roles in host defense.
authors: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.
authors: Yongli
authors: Y
authors: Qiao
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Liu
authors: Qin
authors: Q
authors: Xiong
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Flores
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Wong
authors: Jinxia
authors: J
authors: Shi
authors: Xianbing
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Xigang
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Qijun
authors: Q
authors: Xiang
authors: Shushu
authors: S
authors: Jiang
authors: Fuchun
authors: F
authors: Zhang
authors: Yuanchao
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Howard S
authors: HS
authors: Judelson
authors: Xuemei
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Wenbo
authors: W
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007239:Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D034622:RNA Interference; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins
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