title: Human applications of submucosal endoscopy under conscious sedation for pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The submucosal endoscopy provide not only a reliable methods of access and closure for peritoneoscopy, but also an endoscopic working space for full-thickness resection. The aim of this study was to report the clinical outcome of submucosal endoscopy for pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 10 patients who received submucosal endoscopies. The indications of submucosal endoscopy were transgastric peritoneoscopy (TGP) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) of a gastric subepithelial tumor. All procedures were performed with a standard gastroscope under conscious sedation with the balanced propofol method in the endoscopic unit. After a 40 mm submucosal tunnel was created using an endoscopic submucosal dissection technique, (1) in TGP, balloon dilation of a serosal puncture and intraperitoneal exploration was performed; (2) in EFTR, a full-thickness incision and snaring resection was performed. Closure of the mucosal incision was performed by endoclips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cases were technically feasible. The mean times for creating the submucosal tunnel, main procedure (peritoneal exploration or resection), and closure were acceptable (10.44 ± 2.42 minutes, 18.80 ± 9.41 minutes, and 5.63 ± 2.17 minutes, respectively). The mean hospital stay was 3.8 ± 1.48 days. All TGPs were diagnostic (4 peritoneal carcinomatosis and 1 tuberculosis). En bloc and complete resections were possible in all EFTRs (3 gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 2 schwannomas; mean tumor size, 20.8 ± 3.27 mm). There were no procedure-related complications, such as significant bleeding or peritonitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human applications of submucosal endoscopy under conscious sedation for pure NOTES were feasible and safe.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 23-20 Bongmyung-dong, Choongnam, Cheonan 330-721, Korea. ygun99@hanmail.net
authors: Suck-Ho
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Sun-Joo
authors: SJ
authors: Kim
authors: Tae Hoon
authors: TH
authors: Lee
authors: Il-Kwun
authors: IK
authors: Chung
authors: Sang-Heum
authors: SH
authors: Park
authors: Eun Ok
authors: EO
authors: Kim
authors: Hyo Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
authors: Hyun Deuk
authors: HD
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000601:surgery*; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013270:Stomach; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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