title: In vitro fertilization alters growth and expression of Igf2/H19 and their epigenetic mechanisms in the liver and skeletal muscle of newborn and elder mice.
abstract: Epidemiological studies have reported a higher incidence of growth disorders among newborns conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF), suggesting that IVF may be disruptive to the process of embryonic and fetal growth. However, the long-term effects of IVF on the growth and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the body weight of IVF mice from birth to the age of 1.5 yr. In addition, we analyzed gene expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2), H19, Igf2 receptor (Igf2r), and miR-483 and their DNA methylation status using real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, and pyrosequencing. The results showed that when compared with the in vivo group, the body weight of IVF mice was significantly higher at birth, but lower at 3 wk; in addition, gene expression of Igf2 was significantly up-regulated, with down-regulated expression of H19 and miR-483 in both liver and skeletal muscle. At the same time, there were significant differences in the DNA methylation rates of Igf2/H19 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and the IGF2 protein expression between the two groups. In the IVF treatment group, the differences in growth and expression disappeared at 10 wk. However, at 1.5 yr of age, aberrant expressions of Igf2/H19, Igf2r, and miR-483 and changes in DNA methylation rates in the liver or skeletal muscle were again observed in IVF mice. Our results indicate that IVF causes alterations in mouse growth during the postnatal periods that may be associated with alterations in Igf2/H19 expression and likely involve the regulation of miR-483 and the methylation status of Igf2/H19 DMRs.
authors: Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Le
authors: Li Ya
authors: LY
authors: Wang
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Wang
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Le Jun
authors: le J
authors: Li
authors: Ying Ming
authors: YM
authors: Zheng
authors: Hang Ying
authors: HY
authors: Lou
authors: Xiao Zhen
authors: XZ
authors: Liu
authors: Xiang Rong
authors: XR
authors: Xu
authors: Jian Zhong
authors: JZ
authors: Sheng
authors: He Feng
authors: HF
authors: Huang
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development*; D009929:Organ Size; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000378:metabolism; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; C513121:IGF2 protein, mouse; D035683:MicroRNAs; C548913:Mirn483 microRNA, mouse; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II