title: Bioenergetic measurements in children with bipolar disorder: a pilot 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research exploring Bipolar Disorder (BD) phenotypes and mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly in younger subjects, has been insufficient to date. Previous studies have found abnormal cerebral pH levels in adults with BD, which may be directly linked to abnormal mitochondrial activity. To date no such studies have been reported in children with BD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ((31)P MRS) was used to determine pH, phopshocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels in 8 subjects with BD and 8 healthy comparison subjects (HCS) ages 11 to 20 years old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in pH between the patients and HCS. However, frontal pH values for patients with BD increased with age, contrary to studies of HCS and the pH values in the frontal lobe correlated negatively with the YMRS values. Global Pi was significantly lower in subjects with BD compared with HCS. There were no significant differences in PCr between the groups. Global PCr-to-Pi ratio (PCr/Pi) was significantly higher in subjects with BD compared with HCS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The change in Pi levels for the patients with BD coupled with the no difference in PCr levels, suggest an altered mitochondrial phosphorylation. However, our findings require further investigation of the underlying mechanisms with the notion that a mitochondrial dysfunction may manifest itself differently in children than that in adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further investigations with larger patient populations are necessary to draw further conclusions.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Elif M
authors: EM
authors: Sikoglu
authors: J Eric
authors: JE
authors: Jensen
authors: Gordana
authors: G
authors: Vitaliano
authors: Ana A
authors: AA
authors: Liso Navarro
authors: Perry F
authors: PF
authors: Renshaw
authors: Jean A
authors: JA
authors: Frazier
authors: Constance M
authors: CM
authors: Moore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine
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