title: ISWI remodelers slide nucleosomes with coordinated multi-base-pair entry steps and single-base-pair exit steps.
abstract: ISWI-family enzymes remodel chromatin by sliding nucleosomes along DNA, but the nucleosome translocation mechanism remains unclear. Here we use single-molecule FRET to probe nucleosome translocation by ISWI-family remodelers. Distinct ISWI-family members translocate nucleosomes with a similar stepping pattern maintained by the catalytic subunit of the enzyme. Nucleosome remodeling begins with a 7 bp step of DNA translocation followed by 3 bp subsequent steps toward the exit side of nucleosomes. These multi-bp, compound steps are comprised of 1 bp substeps. DNA movement on the entry side of the nucleosome occurs only after 7 bp of exit-side translocation, and each entry-side step draws in a 3 bp equivalent of DNA that allows three additional base pairs to be moved to the exit side. Our results suggest a remodeling mechanism with well-defined coordination at different nucleosomal sites featuring DNA translocation toward the exit side in 1 bp steps preceding multi-bp steps of DNA movement on the entry side.
authors: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Deindl
authors: William L
authors: WL
authors: Hwang
authors: Swetansu K
authors: SK
authors: Hota
authors: Timothy R
authors: TR
authors: Blosser
authors: Punit
authors: P
authors: Prasad
authors: Blaine
authors: B
authors: Bartholomew
authors: Xiaowei
authors: X
authors: Zhuang
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D020029:Base Pairing; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009707:Nucleosomes; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C086468:ISWI protein; D009707:Nucleosomes; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004247:DNA; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C470546:ISW1 protein, S cerevisiae
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