title: Alcohol-related harm among university students in Hanoi, Vietnam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the prevalence of and risk factors for alcohol-related harm and types of harm among medical students from Hanoi Medical University (Vietnam). Risk factors include aspects of drinking patterns and relevant socio-demographic variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study involving 1st to 6th year students (N=1216; response rate 96.5%). Of these, 210 students from each academic year were randomly selected from a sampling frame covering all students from each academic year. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed in class by researchers. Drinkers completed 23 questions on alcohol-related harm categorized into: 1) 'negative influence on daily activities'; 2) 'social conflict'; 3) 'loss of control, acute consequences, and withdrawal'; 4) 'mental health conditions'; and 5) 'physical and medical health problems'. Logistic and Poisson regression models were used to identify the predictors of alcohol-related harm and the amount of harm, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of alcohol use associated with at least one or more of the five types of harm was higher in men (81.8%) than in women (60.4%). In female and male students, the most common harm category was 'loss of control, acute consequences, and withdrawal' (51.8 and 75.6%, respectively), followed by 'negative influence on daily activities' (29.4 and 55.8%, respectively). Age, living away from home, and average number of standard drinks per occasion among male drinkers, and age and frequency of drinking per week among female drinkers were associated with alcohol-related harm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that alcohol-related harm represents a serious public health problem among young educated individuals in Vietnam. The risk factors indicate that prevention should be aimed at aspects of drinking patterns and specific subpopulations defined by gender, age, and (for men only) type of living situation.
authors: Institute of training of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam. phambichdiep@hmu.edu.vn
authors: Pham Bich
authors: PB
authors: Diep
authors: Ronald A
authors: RA
authors: Knibbe
authors: Kim Bao
authors: KB
authors: Giang
authors: Nanne
authors: N
authors: De Vries
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014495:Universities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Vietnam; alcohol-related harm; drinking patterns; female students; male students; type of harm
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