title: Endoscopic endonasal approach for the treatment of a large clival giant cell tumor complicated by an intraoperative internal carotid artery rupture.
abstract: Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are primary bone neoplasms that rarely involve the skull base. These lesions are usually locally aggressive and require complete removal, including the surrounding apparently healthy bone, to provide the best chance of cure. GCTs, as well as other lesions located in the clivus, can nowadays be treated by a minimally invasive fully endoscopic extended endonasal approach. This approach ensures a more direct route to the craniovertebral junction than other possible approaches (transfacial, extended lateral, and posterolateral approaches). The case reported is a clival GCT operated on by an extended endonasal approach that provides another contribution on how to address one of the most feared complications attributed to this approach: a massive bleed due to an internal carotid artery injury.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Umberto I General Hospital, Ancona, Italy.
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Iacoangeli
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Di Rienzo
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Re
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Alvaro
authors: Niccolò
authors: N
authors: Nocchi
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Gladi
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: De Nicola
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Scerrati
keywords: clival giant cell tumor; endoscopic endonasal approach; internal carotid artery injury; minimally invasive surgery
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