title: Arterial stiffness and pulse-pressure amplification in overweight/obese African-American adolescents: relation with higher systolic and pulse pressure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is associated with a higher systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse pressure (PP) in African-American youths, increasing their risk for developing hypertension. However, it is unknown whether arterial stiffness and wave reflection are associated with a higher systolic BP and PP or with smaller PP amplification in overweight/obese (OW/OB) African-American adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV), carotid-radial PWV (CR-PWV), the augmentation index (AIx) adjusted to a heart rate of 75 bpm (AI75), the augmentation pressure (AugP), PP amplification, and body composition in 227 healthy African-American adolescents (age, 16.9 ± 0.2 years; 54% male).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents who were OW/OB (n = 86, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile) demonstrated 5%-6%, 13%-16%, and 2.5% higher aortic and brachial systolic BP, brachial and aortic PP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), respectively (all P < 0.05), than adolescents of normal-weight (NW, n = 141, BMI < 85th percentile). The OW/OB adolescents had a 7% higher CF-PWV, 5% lower CR-PWV, and 3.5% lower PP amplification than the NW group (all P < 0.05), but no differences in AI75 or AugP. In the entire cohort after adjustment for age, sex, heart rate, height, and MAP, CF-PWV was positively correlated, and CR-PWV and PP amplification were negatively correlated, with total and abdominal/hip adiposity. Additionally, CF-PWV, AI75, and AugP were positively correlated with MAP and negatively correlated with PP amplification. CR-PWV, AI75, and AugP were negatively correlated with brachial and aortic PP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher aortic stiffness is associated with smaller PP amplification with increasing adiposity in African-American adolescents. Whether a reduction in PP amplification predicts increased CVD risk in obese African-American adolescents requires further study.
authors: Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA. gary-pierce@uiowa.edu
authors: Gary L
authors: GL
authors: Pierce
authors: Haidong
authors: H
authors: Zhu
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: Darracott
authors: Itoro
authors: I
authors: Edet
authors: Jigar
authors: J
authors: Bhagatwala
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Yanbin
authors: Y
authors: Dong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D013599:Systole; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D055815:Young Adult
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