title: The atypical antipsychotic risperidone reverses the recognition memory deficits induced by post-weaning social isolation in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rearing rats in isolation from weaning is an established preclinical neurodevelopmental model which induces behavioural deficits with apparent translational relevance to some core symptoms of schizophrenia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the ability of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone to reverse behavioural deficits induced by post-weaning social isolation of rat pups and to further characterise the predictive validity of this model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five male Lister hooded rats were housed in groups of 3-4 (n = 16) or singly (n = 29) for 4 weeks immediately after weaning on postnatal day (PND) 22-24. On PND 51, novel cage-induced locomotor activity (LMA) was assessed to subdivide rats into groups balanced for behavioural response. On PNDs 58, 59, 65 and 72, rats received either vehicle (1 ml/kg; i.p.) or risperidone (0.2 or 0.5 mg/kg; i.p.) 30 min prior to testing in LMA, novel object discrimination (NOD), prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle and conditioned emotional response (CER) learning paradigms, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isolation rearing had no effect on PPI, but produced LMA hyperactivity and impaired NOD and CER compared to group-housed controls. Risperidone caused a dose-dependent reduction in LMA, irrespective of rearing condition, but selectively reversed the NOD deficit in isolation-reared rats. Risperidone did not reverse the isolation rearing-induced CER deficit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar to its clinical profile, risperidone only partially reverses the schizophrenic symptomology; since it reversed some, but not all, of the learning and memory deficits induced by post-weaning isolation, the isolation rearing model may be useful to predict antipsychotic activity of novel therapeutic agents.
authors: School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
authors: Allison L
authors: AL
authors: McIntosh
authors: Theresa M
authors: TM
authors: Ballard
authors: Lucinda J
authors: LJ
authors: Steward
authors: Paula M
authors: PM
authors: Moran
authors: Kevin C F
authors: KC
authors: Fone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018967:Risperidone
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