title: The association between urinary tract infection and idiopathic hypercalciuria in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying the risk factors is important in prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of UTI and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty-four children aged between 1 month and 16 years and diagnosed to have UTI were evaluated for urinary calcium excretion. The children were diagnosed to have IHC if their urinary calcium/creatinine ratios in at least two different spot urine samples were >0.6 between 0-1 year old and ≥0.21 over 1 year or daily calcium excretion >4 mg/kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of IHC was found to be 16.7%. Family history of urolithiasis, parental consanguinity, presentation with abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and discomfort were found to be significantly higher in the IHC group. No association was found between IHC and the recurrence of UTI, presence of vesicoureteral reflux, renal scar formation, and the prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IHC should be considered among the risk factors for UTI and should be investigated particularly in patients with family history of urinary stones and suggestive complaints of IHC.
authors: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. tekin212@gmail.com
authors: Hikmet Tekin
authors: HT
authors: Nacaroglu
authors: Gülay
authors: G
authors: Demircin
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Bülbül
authors: Ozlem
authors: O
authors: Erdogan
authors: Sare Gülfem
authors: SG
authors: Akyüz
authors: Aysun
authors: A
authors: Caltik
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053565:Hypercalciuria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology