title: Genome of Acanthamoeba castellanii highlights extensive lateral gene transfer and early evolution of tyrosine kinase signaling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Amoebozoa constitute one of the primary divisions of eukaryotes, encompassing taxa of both biomedical and evolutionary importance, yet its genomic diversity remains largely unsampled. Here we present an analysis of a whole genome assembly of Acanthamoeba castellanii (Ac) the first representative from a solitary free-living amoebozoan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ac encodes 15,455 compact intron-rich genes, a significant number of which are predicted to have arisen through inter-kingdom lateral gene transfer (LGT). A majority of the LGT candidates have undergone a substantial degree of intronization and Ac appears to have incorporated them into established transcriptional programs. Ac manifests a complex signaling and cell communication repertoire, including a complete tyrosine kinase signaling toolkit and a comparable diversity of predicted extracellular receptors to that found in the facultatively multicellular dictyostelids. An important environmental host of a diverse range of bacteria and viruses, Ac utilizes a diverse repertoire of predicted pattern recognition receptors, many with predicted orthologous functions in the innate immune systems of higher organisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis highlights the important role of LGT in the biology of Ac and in the diversification of microbial eukaryotes. The early evolution of a key signaling facility implicated in the evolution of metazoan multicellularity strongly argues for its emergence early in the Unikont lineage. Overall, the availability of an Ac genome should aid in deciphering the biology of the Amoebozoa and facilitate functional genomic studies in this important model organism and environmental host.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Clarke
authors: Amanda J
authors: AJ
authors: Lohan
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Liu
authors: Ilias
authors: I
authors: Lagkouvardos
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Roy
authors: Nikhat
authors: N
authors: Zafar
authors: Claire
authors: C
authors: Bertelli
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Schilde
authors: Arash
authors: A
authors: Kianianmomeni
authors: Thomas R
authors: TR
authors: Bürglin
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Frech
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Turcotte
authors: Klaus O
authors: KO
authors: Kopec
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Synnott
authors: Caleb
authors: C
authors: Choo
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Paponov
authors: Aliza
authors: A
authors: Finkler
authors: Chris Soon
authors: CS
authors: Heng Tan
authors: Andrew P
authors: AP
authors: Hutchins
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Weinmeier
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Rattei
authors: Jeffery S C
authors: JS
authors: Chu
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: Gimenez
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Irimia
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Rigden
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Fitzpatrick
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Lorenzo-Morales
authors: Alex
authors: A
authors: Bateman
authors: Cheng-Hsun
authors: CH
authors: Chiu
authors: Petrus
authors: P
authors: Tang
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Hegemann
authors: Hillel
authors: H
authors: Fromm
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Raoult
authors: Gilbert
authors: G
authors: Greub
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Miranda-Saavedra
authors: Nansheng
authors: N
authors: Chen
authors: Piers
authors: P
authors: Nash
authors: Michael L
authors: ML
authors: Ginger
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Horn
authors: Pauline
authors: P
authors: Schaap
authors: Lis
authors: L
authors: Caler
authors: Brendan J
authors: BJ
authors: Loftus
mesh_terms: D048248:Acanthamoeba castellanii / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D018503:Genome, Protozoan; D007438:Introns; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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