title: Mesotoga infera sp. nov., a mesophilic member of the order Thermotogales, isolated from an underground gas storage aquifer.
abstract: Strain VNs100(T), a novel mesophilic, anaerobic, rod-coccoid-shaped bacterium, having a sheath-like outer structure (toga), was isolated from a water sample collected in the area of an underground gas storage aquifer. It was non-motile with cells appearing singly (2-4 µm long × 1-2 µm wide), in pairs or as long chains and stained Gram-negative. Strain VNs100(T) was heterotrophic, able to use arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, lactate, mannose, maltose, raffinose, ribose, sucrose and xylose as energy sources only in the presence of elemental sulfur as terminal electron acceptor. Acetate, CO2 and sulfide were the end products of sugar metabolism. Hydrogen was not detected. Elemental sulfur, but not thiosulfate, sulfate or sulfite, were reduced to sulfide. Strain VNs100(T) grew at temperatures between 30 and 50 °C (optimum 45 °C), at pH values between 6.2 and 7.9 (optimum 7.3-7.5) and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 15 g l(-1) (optimum 2 g l(-1)). The DNA G+C content was 47.5 mol%. The main cellular fatty acid was C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain VNs100(T) had as its closest relatives 'Mesotoga sulfurireducens' (97.1 % similarity) and Mesotoga prima (similarity of 97.1 % and 97.7 % with each of its two genes, respectively) within the order Thermotogales. Hybridization between strain VNS100(T) and 'M. sulfurireducens' and between strain VNS100(T) and M. prima showed 12.9 % and 20.6 % relatedness, respectively. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and taxonomic characteristics, strain VNs100(T) is proposed as a representative of a novel species of the genus Mesotoga in the family Thermotogaceae, order Thermotogales. The name Mesotoga infera sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is VNs100(T) (= DSM 25546(T) = JCM 18154(T)).
authors: Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Centre Urbain Nord, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Faculté des Sciences de Carthage, Tunisia.|Laboratoire de Microbiologie, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors: Wajdi
authors: W
authors: Ben Hania
authors: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Postec
authors: Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour IPREM UMR 5254, Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, IBEAS, BP1155, F-64013 Pau, France.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Aüllo
authors: Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour IPREM UMR 5254, Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, IBEAS, BP1155, F-64013 Pau, France.
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Ranchou-Peyruse
authors: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors: Gaël
authors: G
authors: Erauso
authors: Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
authors: Céline
authors: C
authors: Brochier-Armanet
authors: Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Centre Urbain Nord, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Faculté des Sciences de Carthage, Tunisia.
authors: Moktar
authors: M
authors: Hamdi
authors: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Ollivier
authors: Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour IPREM UMR 5254, Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, IBEAS, BP1155, F-64013 Pau, France.
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Saint-Laurent
authors: Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour IPREM UMR 5254, Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, IBEAS, BP1155, F-64013 Pau, France.
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Magot
authors: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, IRD, Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors: Marie-Laure
authors: ML
authors: Fardeau
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005602:France; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016965:Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060587:Groundwater / Q000382:microbiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S