title: Eosinophilic cystitis in the pediatric population: a case series and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Eosinophilic cystitis is a rarely seen condition in the pediatric population with indistinct symptomatology and non-standardized treatment protocols. We review our experience of treating patients with this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of four patients from a single institution who have been diagnosed and treated for eosinophilic cystitis. In addition, the literature was reviewed for cases of pediatric eosinophilic cystitis. Our patients were added and compared to this cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our patients included 3 females and 1 male who range in age from 5 days to 18 years (5 days, 1 month, 7 years, 18 years). Both of the infants presented with a suprapubic mass and bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. The two older patients both had dysuria while the 18 yo also complained of fatigue, flank pain, and hematuria. Only 2 of the 4 patients were found to have significant peripheral eosinophilia and only one patient had eosinophiluria. All of the patients were diagnosed via cystourethroscopy with biopsy. Treatment in each case consisted of a combination of steroids, antihistamines, and antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presentation of eosinophilic cystitis is varied and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Cystourethroscopy with biopsy is essential to establish the diagnosis as there is no typical appearance of the lesions or presenting signs/symptoms. Most cases of eosinophilic cystitis are responsive to medical therapy although in some cases recurrence may be noted.
authors: Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA. Electronic address: stsparks@cnmc.org.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sparks
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kaplan
authors: M
authors: M
authors: DeCambre
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kaplan
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003556:Cystitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D013256:Steroids
keywords: Bladder; CGD; CIC; EC; Eosinophilic cystitis; Inflammation; Pediatric; VUR; WBC; chronic granulomatous disease; clean intermittent catheterization; eosinophilic cystitis; vesicoureteral reflux; white blood cells