title: Effects of resolvin D1 on cell survival and cytokine expression of human gingival fibroblasts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue breakdown in periodontitis is initiated by bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, and is caused largely by host responses. Resolvins protect the host against acute inflammation by blocking the migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to initiate resolution. The effects of resolvins on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are unknown. This study examines the effects of resolvin D1 on HGF survival and cytokine expression when treated with or without P. gingivalis supernatant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxicity of resolvin D1 on HGFs with or without a toxic level of P. gingivalis supernatant was measured with lactate dehydrogenase assays. Cytokine arrays were performed on HGF-conditioned media treated with or without resolvin D1 and with or without P. gingivalis supernatant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resolvin D1 had no cytotoxic effects on HGFs at concentrations between 1 and 1,000 nM (all P > 0.05). Resolvin D1 (1,000 nM) significantly inhibited the toxic effects of 13.5% (v/v) P. gingivalis supernatant on HGFs (P = 0.002). Resolvin D1 significantly reduced the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.010) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (P = 0.04) in untreated fibroblasts. P. gingivalis (10%) supernatant significantly increased the expression levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF), granulocyte CSF, growth-regulated oncogene (GRO), IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, and monokine induced by γ-interferon. Resolvin D1 significantly reduced the expression of GRO (P = 0.04), marginally reduced the levels of MCP-1 (P = 0.10), and marginally increased the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (P = 0.07) from HGFs treated with P. gingivalis supernatant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resolvin D1 altered the cytotoxicity of P. gingivalis supernatant on HGFs. Resolvin D1 significantly reduced GRO, marginally reduced MCP-1, and marginally increased TGF-β1 from P. gingivalis-treated HGFs, which could alter the ability of P. gingivalis to induce inflammation.
authors: Department of Periodontics and Allied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Khaled
authors: Nouf-Al
authors: NA
authors: Shibani
authors: Nawaf
authors: N
authors: Labban
authors: Ghada
authors: G
authors: Batarseh
authors: Fengyu
authors: F
authors: Song
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Ruby
authors: L Jack
authors: LJ
authors: Windsor
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D054410:Chemokine CCL7 / Q000032:analysis; D054412:Chemokine CCL8 / Q000032:analysis; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000032:analysis; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000032:analysis; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000032:analysis; D015851:Interleukin-7 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000276:immunology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000032:analysis; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054410:Chemokine CCL7; D054412:Chemokine CCL8; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015848:Interleukin-5; D015851:Interleukin-7; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C515453:CCL8 protein, human; C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508599:IL5 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; C508605:IL7 protein, human; C518399:resolvin D1