title: Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation markers in metabolic syndrome -- a randomized study (SYSDIET).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Different healthy food patterns may modify cardiometabolic risk. We investigated the effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers in people with metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized dietary study lasting for 18-24 weeks in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome (mean age 55 years, BMI 31.6 kg m(-2) , 67% women). Altogether 309 individuals were screened, 200 started the intervention after 4-week run-in period, and 96 (proportion of dropouts 7.9%) and 70 individuals (dropouts 27%) completed the study, in the Healthy diet and Control diet groups, respectively. Healthy diet included whole-grain products, berries, fruits and vegetables, rapeseed oil, three fish meals per week and low-fat dairy products. An average Nordic diet served as a Control diet. Compliance was monitored by repeated 4-day food diaries and fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body weight remained stable, and no significant changes were observed in insulin sensitivity or blood pressure. Significant changes between the groups were found in non-HDL cholesterol (-0.18, mmol L(-1) 95% CI -0.35; -0.01, P = 0.04), LDL to HDL cholesterol (-0.15, -0.28; -0.00, P = 0.046) and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 ratios (-0.04, -0.07; -0.00, P = 0.025) favouring the Healthy diet. IL-1 Ra increased during the Control diet (difference -84, -133; -37 ng L(-1) , P = 0.00053). Intakes of saturated fats (E%, beta estimate 4.28, 0.02; 8.53, P = 0.049) and magnesium (mg, -0.23, -0.41; -0.05, P = 0.012) were associated with IL-1 Ra.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy Nordic diet improved lipid profile and had a beneficial effect on low-grade inflammation.
authors: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. matti.uusitupa@uef.fi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Uusitupa
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hermansen
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Savolainen
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Schwab
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kolehmainen
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Brader
authors: L S
authors: LS
authors: Mortensen
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Cloetens
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Johansson-Persson
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Onning
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Landin-Olsson
authors: K-H
authors: KH
authors: Herzig
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hukkanen
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Rosqvist
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Iggman
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Paananen
authors: K J
authors: KJ
authors: Pulkki
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Siloaho
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Dragsted
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Barri
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Overvad
authors: K E
authors: KE
authors: Bach Knudsen
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Hedemann
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Arner
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Dahlman
authors: G I A
authors: GI
authors: Borge
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Baardseth
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Ulven
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Gunnarsdottir
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Jónsdóttir
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Thorsdottir
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Orešič
authors: K S
authors: KS
authors: Poutanen
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Risérus
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Akesson
mesh_terms: D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003718:Denmark; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005387:Finland; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D013548:Sweden; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005227:Fatty Acids; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D008055:Lipids
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