title: Defective counterregulation and hypoglycemia unawareness in diabetes: mechanisms and emerging treatments.
abstract: For people with diabetes, hypoglycemia remains the limiting factor in achieving glycemic control. This article reviews recent advances in how the brain senses and responds to hypoglycemia. Novel mechanisms by which individuals with insulin-treated diabetes develop hypoglycemia unawareness and impaired counterregulatory responses are outlined. Prevention strategies for reducing the incidence of hypoglycemia are discussed.
authors: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors: Candace M
authors: CM
authors: Reno
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Litvin
authors: Amy L
authors: AL
authors: Clark
authors: Simon J
authors: SJ
authors: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D005934:Glucagon
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