title: Protective efficacy of an H5N1 DNA vaccine against challenge with a lethal H5N1 virus in quail.
abstract: Some H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are lethal to quail; however, the use of inactivated vaccines in these birds is largely restricted because of side effects caused by oil adjuvants. Here we evaluated the protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine against lethal challenge with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in quail. Groups of ten 3-wk-old quail were intramuscularly inoculated three times at 3-wk intervals with 10, 15, 30, or 60 microg, respectively, of plasmid pCAGGoptiHA, which expresses a codon-optimized hemagglutinin gene of the H5N1 virus A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (GS/GD/96). The control group was inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline. Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies were monitored every week after the primary vaccination. The quail were challenged intranasally with 10(5) EID50 of heterologous HPAIV A/duck/Fujian/31/2007 (DK/ FJ/31) (H5N1) 2 wk after the third inoculation. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swab specimens were collected 3, 5, and 7 days after inoculation, and quail were observed daily for disease signs and death for 2 wk. The quail showed no side effects after the plasmid inoculation, and HI antibodies were detectable 1 wk after the second vaccination in all groups and increased sharply after the third inoculation. All quail in the PBS-inoculated group and 20% of the birds in the 10 microg plasmid-inoculated group died after the lethal H5N1 virus challenge; however, birds in the 15, 30, and 60 jg plasmid-inoculated groups were completely protected. These results indicate that this DNA vaccine holds promise for use in quail to protect against H5N1 AIV.
authors: Animal Influenza Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors: Junping
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Yongping
authors: Y
authors: Jiang
authors: Shuangcheng
authors: S
authors: Zhao
authors: Xiaofei
authors: X
authors: Chang
authors: Jinxiong
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Xianying
authors: X
authors: Zeng
authors: Yanbing
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Hualan
authors: H
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D011784:Quail; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA