title: Hypoxia in murine atherosclerotic plaques and its adverse effects on macrophages.
abstract: Hypoxia has been found in the atherosclerotic plaques of larger mammals, including humans. Whether hypoxia occurs in the plaques of standard mouse models with atherosclerosis has been controversial, given their small size. In this review, we summarize the findings of a recent report demonstrating that direct evidence of hypoxia can indeed be found in the plaques of mice deficient in apolipoprotein E (apoE-/-mice). Furthermore, studies in vitro showed that hypoxia promoted lipid synthesis and reduced cholesterol efflux through the ABCA1 pathway, and that the transcription factor HIF-1α mediated many, but not all, of the effects. These results are discussed in the context of the literature and clinical practice.
authors: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, Smilow 7, 522 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors: Saj
authors: S
authors: Parathath
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Mick
authors: Edward A
authors: EA
authors: Fisher
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic
chemical_list: C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D002784:Cholesterol
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