title: Oral candidiasis in patients with psoriasis: correlation of oral examination and cytopathological evaluation with psoriasis disease severity and treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infections are known to trigger and exacerbate psoriasis. Although oral candidiasis is often clinically diagnosed, it is not always confirmed by laboratory tests such as oral cytopathology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of oral candidiasis in patients with psoriasis through clinical and cytopathological diagnosis and to investigate the association between oral candidiasis and psoriasis with regards to the severity of the clinical presentation and the type of treatment for psoriasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 140 patients with psoriasis and 140 healthy control subjects received an oral examination. Scrapings of the tongue were also obtained for a cytopathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oral examination and the results of the cytopathological smear revealed 37 (26%) cases of candidiasis in the patients with psoriasis and no cases of candidiasis in the healthy control subjects. There was no correlation between the type of psoriasis treatment and the presence of oral candidiasis (P = .616). There was a statistically significant association (P = .033) between the clinical severity of psoriasis and the presence of Candida.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was limited by the small number of subjects and the lack of follow-up to determine the development of psoriasis after treatment for oral candidiasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of oral candidiasis is higher in patients with psoriasis and it is associated with disease severity. This increased presence of oral candidiasis was apparent despite any type of treatment for the psoriasis. Cytopathology to rule out oral candidiasis should be used in the routine medical workup of patients with psoriasis.
authors: Department of Pathology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. brunapicciani@yahoo.com.br
authors: Bruna Lavinas Sayed
authors: BL
authors: Picciani
authors: Bruna
authors: B
authors: Michalski-Santos
authors: Sueli
authors: S
authors: Carneiro
authors: Ana Luisa
authors: AL
authors: Sampaio
authors: Joao Carlos Regazzi
authors: JC
authors: Avelleira
authors: David Rubem
authors: DR
authors: Azulay
authors: Jane Marcy Neffa
authors: JM
authors: Pinto
authors: Eliane Pedra
authors: EP
authors: Dias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index