title: Cytotoxic effect of clerosterol isolated from Codium fragile on A2058 human melanoma cells.
abstract: The cytotoxic effects and mechanism of action of clerosterol, isolated from the marine alga Codium fragile, were investigated in A2058 human melanoma cells. Clerosterol inhibited the growth of A2058 cells with an IC(50) of 150 µM and induced apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation, an increase in the number of  sub-G(1) hypodiploid cells and the presence of apoptotic bodies. Clerosterol treatment caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Alterations in the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in response to clerosterol treatment included upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspases 3 and 9. The pan-caspase inhibitor treatment attenuated the expression of the active form of caspases and cell death induced by clerosterol. The present results show that clerosterol exerts its cytotoxic effect in A2058 human melanoma cells by caspases-dependent apoptosis.
authors: School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
authors: Areum Daseul
authors: AD
authors: Kim
authors: Youngki
authors: Y
authors: Lee
authors: Sang-Hyuck
authors: SH
authors: Kang
authors: Gi Young
authors: GY
authors: Kim
authors: Hye Sun
authors: HS
authors: Kim
authors: Jin Won
authors: JW
authors: Hyun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013256:Steroids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D013256:Steroids; C583592:clerosterol; D020169:Caspases
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