title: Patient and family engagement: a framework for understanding the elements and developing interventions and policies.
abstract: Patient and family engagement offers a promising pathway toward better-quality health care, more-efficient care, and improved population health. Since definitions of patient engagement and conceptions of how it works vary, we propose a framework. We first present the forms engagement can take, ranging from consultation to partnership. We discuss the levels at which patient engagement can occur across the health care system, from the direct care setting to incorporating patient engagement into organizational design, governance, and policy making. We also discuss the factors that influence whether and to what extent engagement occurs. We explore the implications of our multidimensional framework for the development of interventions and policies that support patient and family engagement, and we offer a research agenda to investigate how such engagement leads to improved outcomes.
authors: Health Program, American Institutes for Research, Washington, D.C., USA. kcarman@air.org
authors: Kristin L
authors: KL
authors: Carman
authors: Pam
authors: P
authors: Dardess
authors: Maureen
authors: M
authors: Maurer
authors: Shoshanna
authors: S
authors: Sofaer
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Adams
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Bechtel
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Sweeney
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D005190:Family; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D017146:Models, Organizational; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D011050:Policy Making; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration