title: Associations between dietary patterns and gene expression profiles of healthy men and women: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diet regulates gene expression profiles by several mechanisms. The objective of this study was to examine gene expression in relation with dietary patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fifty four participants from the greater Quebec City metropolitan area were recruited. Two hundred and ten participants completed the study protocol. Dietary patterns were derived from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by factor analysis. For 30 participants (in fasting state), RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and expression levels of 47,231 mRNA transcripts were assessed using the Illumina Human-6 v3 Expression BeadChips®. Microarray data was pre-processed with Flexarray software and analysed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two dietary patterns were identified. The Prudent dietary pattern was characterised by high intakes of vegetables, fruits, whole grain products and low intakes of refined grain products and the Western dietary pattern, by high intakes of refined grain products, desserts, sweets and processed meats. When individuals with high scores for the Prudent dietary pattern where compared to individuals with low scores, 2,083 transcripts were differentially expressed in men, 1,136 transcripts in women and 59 transcripts were overlapping in men and women. For the Western dietary pattern, 1,021 transcripts were differentially expressed in men with high versus low scores, 1,163 transcripts in women and 23 transcripts were overlapping in men and women. IPA reveals that genes differentially expressed for both patterns were present in networks related to the immune and/or inflammatory response, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gene expression profiles were different according to dietary patterns, which probably modulate the risk of chronic diseases.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT: NCT01343342.
authors: Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods-INAF, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors: Annie
authors: A
authors: Bouchard-Mercier
authors: Ann-Marie
authors: AM
authors: Paradis
authors: Iwona
authors: I
authors: Rudkowska
authors: Simone
authors: S
authors: Lemieux
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Couture
authors: Marie-Claude
authors: MC
authors: Vohl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D002523:Edible Grain; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008461:Meat Products; D008875:Middle Aged; D054647:Nutrigenomics / Q000379:methods; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011792:Quebec; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000502:physiology*; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger
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