title: Physiology and pathophysiology of the epithelial barrier of the female reproductive tract: role of ion channels.
abstract: The epithelium lining the female reproductive tract forms a selectively permeable barrier that is responsible for creating an optimal luminal fluid microenvironment essential to the success of various reproductive events. The selective permeability of the epithelial barrier to various ions is provided by the gating of epithelial ion channels, which work together with an array of other ion transporters to drive fluid movement across the epithelium. Thus, the luminal fluid is fine-tuned by the selective barrier with tight regulation of the epithelial ion channels. This chapter discusses the role of epithelial ion channels in regulating the epithelial barrier function and thus the fluid volume and ionic composition of the female reproductive tract; physiological factors regulating the ion channels and the importance of the regulation in various reproductive events such as sperm transport and capacitation, embryo development and implantation. Disturbance of the fluid microenvironment due to defects or abnormal regulation of these ion channels and dysregulated epithelial barrier function in a number of pathological conditions, such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, hydrosalpinx and infertility, are also discussed.
authors: Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. hsiaocchan@cuhk.edu.hk
authors: Hsiao Chang
authors: HC
authors: Chan
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Yechun
authors: Y
authors: Ruan
authors: Tingting
authors: T
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000378:metabolism; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013075:Sperm Capacitation; D014599:Uterus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; C505032:CFTR protein, human; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D004967:Estrogens; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D011374:Progesterone; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor