title: Malaria biology and disease pathogenesis: insights for new treatments.
abstract: Plasmodium falciparum malaria, an infectious disease caused by a parasitic protozoan, claims the lives of nearly a million children each year in Africa alone and is a top public health concern. Evidence is accumulating that resistance to artemisinin derivatives, the frontline therapy for the asexual blood stage of the infection, is developing in southeast Asia. Renewed initiatives to eliminate malaria will benefit from an expanded repertoire of antimalarials, including new drugs that kill circulating P. falciparum gametocytes, thereby preventing transmission. Our current understanding of the biology of asexual blood-stage parasites and gametocytes and the ability to culture them in vitro lends optimism that high-throughput screenings of large chemical libraries will produce a new generation of antimalarial drugs. There is also a need for new therapies to reduce the high mortality of severe malaria. An understanding of the pathophysiology of severe disease may identify rational targets for drugs that improve survival.
authors: Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, USA. lmiller@niaid.nih.gov
authors: Louis H
authors: LH
authors: Miller
authors: Hans C
authors: HC
authors: Ackerman
authors: Xin-zhuan
authors: XZ
authors: Su
authors: Thomas E
authors: TE
authors: Wellems
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D052940:Merozoites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010545:Peroxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011494:Protein Kinases; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D010545:Peroxides; C416369:PfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparum; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011494:Protein Kinases; C531238:calcium-dependent protein kinase-1, Plasmodium falciparum; D000218:Adamantane; C558165:artefenomel
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