title: Effects of late gestational high-fat diet on body weight, metabolic regulation and adipokine expression in offspring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gestational exposures such as dietary changes can alter offspring phenotype through epigenetic modifications and promote increased risk for specific diseases, such as metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that high-fat diet (HFD) during late gestation would lead increased risk for insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia via associated epigenetic alterations in tissue adipocytokine genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Offspring mice of mothers fed a HFD during late gestation (HFDO) were weighed and their food intake measured weekly till age 20 weeks at which time glucose and insulin tolerance tests, plasma lipid and adipocytokine levels were assessed, as well as mRNA expression in visceral fat. Adipocytokine gene methylation levels in visceral fat, liver and muscle were also assayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HFDO mice had increased weight accrual and food intake, and exhibited insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and hyperleptinemia, as well as hypoadiponectinemia. Furthermore, increased methylation of adiponectin and leptin receptor, and decreased methylation of leptin genes with unchanged glucagon-like peptide-1 methylation patterns emerged in HFDO mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, late gestational HFD induces increased risk of metabolic syndrome in the progeny, which is coupled with hypoadiponectinemia as well as with leptin resistance, and concomitant presence of selective tissue-based epigenetic changes among adipocytokine genes.
authors: Sections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, and Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Comer Children's Hospital, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Khalyfa
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Carreras
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Hakim
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Cunningham
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Gozal
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin
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