title: Base-calling algorithm with vocabulary (BCV) method for analyzing population sequencing chromatograms.
abstract: Sanger sequencing is a common method of reading DNA sequences. It is less expensive than high-throughput methods, and it is appropriate for numerous applications including molecular diagnostics. However, sequencing mixtures of similar DNA of pathogens with this method is challenging. This is important because most clinical samples contain such mixtures, rather than pure single strains. The traditional solution is to sequence selected clones of PCR products, a complicated, time-consuming, and expensive procedure. Here, we propose the base-calling with vocabulary (BCV) method that computationally deciphers Sanger chromatograms obtained from mixed DNA samples. The inputs to the BCV algorithm are a chromatogram and a dictionary of sequences that are similar to those we expect to obtain. We apply the base-calling function on a test dataset of chromatograms without ambiguous positions, as well as one with 3-14% sequence degeneracy. Furthermore, we use BCV to assemble a consensus sequence for an HIV genome fragment in a sample containing a mixture of viral DNA variants and to determine the positions of the indels. Finally, we detect drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains carrying frameshift mutations mixed with wild-type bacteria in the pncA gene, and roughly characterize bacterial communities in clinical samples by direct 16S rRNA sequencing.
authors: Federal State Institution of Science Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia.
authors: Yuri S
authors: YS
authors: Fantin
authors: Alexey D
authors: AD
authors: Neverov
authors: Alexander V
authors: AV
authors: Favorov
authors: Maria V
authors: MV
authors: Alvarez-Figueroa
authors: Svetlana I
authors: SI
authors: Braslavskaya
authors: Maria A
authors: MA
authors: Gordukova
authors: Inga V
authors: IV
authors: Karandashova
authors: Konstantin V
authors: KV
authors: Kuleshov
authors: Anna I
authors: AI
authors: Myznikova
authors: Maya S
authors: MS
authors: Polishchuk
authors: Denis A
authors: DA
authors: Reshetov
authors: Yana A
authors: YA
authors: Voiciehovskaya
authors: Andrei A
authors: AA
authors: Mironov
authors: Vladimir P
authors: VP
authors: Chulanov
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D005838:Genotype; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006518:Hepatitis Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
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