title: Is there association between uric acid and inflammation in hemodialysis patients?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated serum uric acid has been associated with a variety of cardiovascular disease and with inflammation, but these have been little explored in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Elevated uric acid levels are common in CKD patients and could be involved in inflammatory milieu; our aim was to analyze the association between uric acid and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis (HD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted from private clinic, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 50 HD patients and 21 healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 50 HD patients [62% men, 54.3 ± 12.6 years, 57.5 ± 50.1 months on dialysis, and body mass index (BMI), 24.4 ± 4.1 kg/m2] and 21 healthy individuals (45% men, 50.7 ± 15.7 years and BMI, 25.5 ± 4 kg/m2). Uric acid was measured using uricase-PAP method; inflammatory [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP)] and atherosclerosis markers [intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)] were measured by a multiplexed assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PATIENTS presented high levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 (5.5 ± 2.1 pg/mL, 4.1 ± 1.6 pg/mL, 0.32 ± 0.30 mg/mL, 48.5 ± 8.5 ng/mL, 20.5 ± 15.9 ng/mL, respectively), compared with healthy individuals (2.4 ± 1.1 pg/mL, 2.7 ± 0.4 pg/mL, 0.11 ± 0.12 mg/mL, 23.8 ± 5.5 ng/mL, 7.2 ± 1.2 ng/mL, respectively) ( p < 0.04). Uric acid levels were also higher in HD patients (5.4 ± 1.3 mg/dL) than in healthy individuals (3.9 ± 0.9 mg/dL) ( p < 0.02). There was a positive correlation between uric acid and inflammatory markers, IL-6 (r = 0.30, p = 0.01), CRP (r = 0.37, p = 0.003), TNF-α (r = 0.40, p = 0.001), ICAM-1 (r = 0.53, p = 0.0001), and VCAM-1 (r = 0.45, p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These original data suggest that uric acid may have a role in inflammation and atherosclerosis in HD patients. However, further prospective studies involving intervention trials should be conducted in order to search for actual causality relationship between these markers.
authors: Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Julie Calixto
authors: JC
authors: Lobo
authors: Milena Barcza
authors: MB
authors: Stockler-Pinto
authors: Antonio Claudio Lucas
authors: AC
authors: da Nóbrega
authors: José Carlos
authors: JC
authors: Carraro-Eduardo
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Mafra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid