title: Novel genetic association of TNF-α-238 and PDCD1-7209 polymorphisms with long-term non-progressive HIV-1 infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  About 2-5% of HIV-1-infected subjects, defined as long-term non-progressors (LTNPs), remain immunologically stable for a long time without treatment. The factors governing this condition are known only in part, and include genetic factors. Thus, we studied 20 polymorphisms of 15 genes encoding proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, genes involved in apoptosis, and the gene HCP5.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 47 Caucasian LTNPs infected for >9 years, compared with 131 HIV-1-infected Caucasian patients defined as 'usual progressors'. The genotypes were determined by methods based upon PCR, and the statistical analysis was performed by univariate logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The well-known CCR5Δ32 del32 allele, the cell death-related TNF-α-238 A and PDCD1-7209 T alleles, and HCP5 rs2395029 G, a non-coding protein associated with the HLA-B*5701, were found positively associated with the LTNP condition. No association was observed for other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SDF-1-801, IL-10-592, MCP-1-2518, CX3CR1 V249I, CCR2V64I, RANTES-403, IL-2-330, IL-1β-511, IL-4-590, FASL IVS3nt-169, FAS-670, FAS-1377, FASL IVS2nt-124, PDCD1-7146, MMP-7-181, and MMP7-153).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel genetic associations between allelic variants of genes TNF-α-238 and PDCD1-7209 with the LTNP condition underline the importance of host genetic factors in the progression of HIV-1 infection and in immunological preservation.
authors: Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy. Electronic address: milena.nasi@unimore.it.
authors: Milena
authors: M
authors: Nasi
authors: Agostino
authors: A
authors: Riva
authors: Vanni
authors: V
authors: Borghi
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: D'Amico
authors: Cinzia
authors: C
authors: Del Giovane
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Casoli
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Galli
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Vicenzi
authors: Lara
authors: L
authors: Gibellini
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: De Biasi
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Clerici
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Mussini
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Cossarizza
authors: Marcello
authors: M
authors: Pinti
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000235:genetics*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C080521:HCP5 long noncoding RNA, human; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Disease progression; HIV; Host genetics; Long-term non-progressors; Polymorphism