title: Elevated levels of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in patients with severe or uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
abstract: Severe malaria is characterized by a massive release of proinflammatory cytokines in the context of sequestration of parasitized and normal red cells (RBCs). High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA- and heparin-binding protein that also acts as a cytokine when released from cells in the extracellular milieu after a proinflammatory stimulus. In this study, we have measured the circulating levels of HMGB1 in 76 children with severe or uncomplicated malaria. Sera from both severe (P = 0.0022) and uncomplicated (P = 0.0049) patients had significantly higher circulating HMGB1 levels compared with healthy controls. Elevated HMGB1 in patients with ongoing Plasmodium falciparum infections might prolong inflammation and the febrile state of malaria and could offer a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Davide.angeletti@ki.se
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Angeletti
authors: Mpungu Steven
authors: MS
authors: Kiwuwa
authors: Justus
authors: J
authors: Byarugaba
authors: Fred
authors: F
authors: Kironde
authors: Mats
authors: M
authors: Wahlgren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007249:Inflammation / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D016779:Malaria, Cerebral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014454:Uganda
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D024243:HMGB1 Protein
references: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2005 Mar;99(3):171-4
references: 15653118
references: J Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 15;194(6):837-45
references: 16941352
references: J Intern Med. 2003 Oct;254(4):375-85
references: 12974876
references: Int Immunopharmacol. 2011 Feb;11(2):187-93
references: 21095260
references: Lancet. 1990 Nov 17;336(8725):1201-4
references: 1978068
references: Trop Med Int Health. 1997 Feb;2(2):165-78
references: 9472302
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Jan-Feb;1799(1-2):114-8
references: 20123073
references: Transfus Clin Biol. 2008 Feb-Mar;15(1-2):62-71
references: 18514562
references: Acta Trop. 2004 Apr;90(2):131-40
references: 15177139
references: Crit Care Med. 2007 Apr;35(4):1061-7
references: 17334246
references: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Jul;299(1):C97-110
references: 20375277
references: PLoS Pathog. 2006 Sep;2(9):e100
references: 17009869
references: Infect Immun. 1981 Jun;32(3):1058-66
references: 6166564
references: Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):248-51
references: 10398600
references: Intensive Care Med. 2008 Jun;34(6):1046-53
references: 18297269
references: Crit Care Med. 2005 Mar;33(3):564-73
references: 15753748
references: Crit Care. 2007;11(2):R32
references: 17346334
references: Lancet. 1990 Dec 15;336(8729):1457-60
references: 1979090
references: J Immunol. 2008 Jul 15;181(2):1454-9
references: 18606700
references: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Mar;84(3):390-6
references: 21363975
references: Cytokine. 2011 Nov;56(2):180-7
references: 21862344
references: Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012 Jan 31;8(4):195-202
references: 22293756
references: Intensive Care Med. 2007 Aug;33(8):1347-53
references: 17525840
references: Blood. 2003 Mar 15;101(6):2405-11
references: 12433689