title: Influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutinin polymorphism and associated disease in southern Germany during the 2010/11 influenza season.
abstract: A novel influenza A virus emerged in early 2009 to cause the first influenza pandemic of the 21(st) century. Understanding the evolution of influenza virus is crucial to determine pathogenesis, vaccine efficacy, and resistance to antiviral drugs. In this study, we investigated the molecular evolution of influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 in the 2010/11 influenza season in southern Germany by sequence analysis of the influenza virus hemagglutinin gene from 25 patients with mild, moderate, and severe disease. Phylogenetic analysis revealed co-circulation of different genetic groups. The D222G mutation, which had previously been observed in severe cases, was not detected. Immunocompromised patients were not affected more severely than non-immunocompromised patients (p>0.05), although longer shedding was observed in some of them. Interestingly, additional mutations and potential glycosylation sites were detected in samples from the lower respiratory tract in two patients, but not in the corresponding upper respiratory tract specimens. The H275Y mutation in the influenza virus neuraminidase gene, known to confer resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir, was detected in one patient.
authors: Department of Virology, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center, Hermann-Herder Str. 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Falcone
authors: Sibylle
authors: S
authors: Bierbaum
authors: Winfried
authors: W
authors: Kern
authors: Udo
authors: U
authors: Kontny
authors: Hartmut
authors: H
authors: Bertz
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Huzly
authors: Marcus
authors: M
authors: Panning
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D010802:Phylogeny; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C543345:H1N1 virus hemagglutinin; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
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