title: Critical US visibility with tissue harmonic imaging of subcutaneous nodules().
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessment of US ability to identify subcutaneous nodular lesions using conventional B mode imaging (CBMI) and tissue second harmonic imaging (THI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different types of equipment were used (Philips Envisor HDC, Philips HD 11 XE and GE Logic E) with 12-13 MHz probes and THI probes with variable frequency. One experienced operator studied 31 patients (24 women, 7 men, mean age 49 ± 15) with 52 subcutaneous nodular lesions of which 43 were palpable and 9 were nonpalpable. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  19/52 subcutaneous nodular lesions were hyperechoic, 10/52 were isoechoic and 23/52 were hypoechoic. Of the hyperechoic nodules, 8/19 (42%) (p < 0.005) were not detected using THI, as they "disappeared" when THI was activated. Of the isoechoic nodules only 1/10 was not detected using THI, and of the hypoechoic nodules only 2/23 were not detected. Of the nodular lesions detected using CBMI and also using THI (41/52), 16/41 were shown more clearly using THI than using BMCI. No nodule was detected with the exclusive use of THI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The statistical significance of the "disappearing" lesions (p < 0.005), mainly hyperechoic (42%), at the activation of THI must lead to a reconsideration of routine activation of THI during the entire US examination in the evaluation of subcutaneous lesions in order to avoid the risk of missing important lesions. The present results suggest that both BMCI and THI should be used in the study of subcutaneous lesions.
authors: Misericordia di Navacchio Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Stella
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Ciampi
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Melchiorre
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Benedetti
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Orsitto
authors: P V
authors: PV
authors: Lippolis
keywords: Contrast resolution; Harmonic imaging; Subcutaneous tumors; Ultrasound
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