title: Implications of market integration for cardiovascular and metabolic health among an indigenous Amazonian Ecuadorian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Market integration (MI), the suite of social and cultural changes that occur with economic development, has been associated with negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease; however, key questions remain about how this transition manifests at the local level.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present paper investigates the effects of MI on health among Shuar, an indigenous lowland Ecuadorian population, with the goal of better understanding the mechanisms responsible for this health transition.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examines associations between measures of MI and several dimensions of cardiovascular and metabolic health (fasting glucose, lipids [LDL, HDL and total cholesterol; triglycerides] and blood pressure) among 348 adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, Shuar males and females have relatively favourable cardiovascular and metabolic health. Shuar who live closer to town have higher total (p < 0.001) and HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001), while Shuar in more remote regions have higher diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.007). HDL cholesterol is positively associated with consumption of market foods (r = 0.140; p = 0.045) and ownership of consumer products (r = 0.184; p = 0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that MI among Shuar is not a uniformly negative process but instead produces complex cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes.
authors: Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. liebert@uoregon.edu
authors: Melissa A
authors: MA
authors: Liebert
authors: J Josh
authors: JJ
authors: Snodgrass
authors: Felicia C
authors: FC
authors: Madimenos
authors: Tara J
authors: TJ
authors: Cepon
authors: Aaron D
authors: AD
authors: Blackwell
authors: Lawrence S
authors: LS
authors: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004484:Ecuador; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids