title: Effects of dual antibacterial agents MDPB and nano-silver in primer on microcosm biofilm, cytotoxicity and dentine bond properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dentine primer containing dual antibacterial agents, namely, 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) and nanoparticles of silver (NAg), on dentine bond strength, dental plaque microcosm biofilm response, and fibroblast cytotoxicity for the first time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) was used as the parent bonding agent. Four primers were tested: SBMP primer control (referred to as "P"), P+5% MDPB, P+0.05% NAg, and P+5% MDPB+0.05% NAg. Dentine shear bond strengths were measured using extracted human teeth. Biofilms from the mixed saliva of 10 donors were cultured to investigate metabolic activity, colony-forming units (CFU), and lactic acid production. Human fibroblast cytotoxicity of the four primers was tested in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incorporating MDPB and NAg into primer did not reduce dentine bond strength compared to control (p>0.1). SEM revealed well-bonded adhesive-dentine interfaces with numerous resin tags. MDPB or NAg each greatly reduced biofilm viability and acid production, compared to control. Dual agents MDPB+NAg had a much stronger effect than either agent alone (p<0.05), increasing inhibition zone size and reducing metabolic activity, CFU and lactic acid by an order of magnitude, compared to control. There was no difference in cytotoxicity between commercial control and antibacterial primers (p>0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method of using dual agents MDPB+NAg in the primer yielded potent antibacterial properties. Hence, this method may be promising to combat residual bacteria in tooth cavity and invading bacteria at the margins. The dual agents MDPB+NAg may have wide applicability to other adhesives, composites, sealants and cements to inhibit biofilms and caries.
authors: Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Zhang
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Cheng
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Imazato
authors: Joseph M
authors: JM
authors: Antonucci
authors: Nancy J
authors: NJ
authors: Lin
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Lin-Gibson
authors: Yuxing
authors: Y
authors: Bai
authors: Hockin H K
authors: HH
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008422:Materials Testing; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D033081:Shear Strength; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C089392:methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012834:Silver
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