title: Healthy behaviors, risk factor control and awareness of chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) awareness and healthy behaviors is unknown. We examined whether CKD self-recognition is associated with healthy behaviors and achieving risk-reduction targets known to decrease risk of cardiovascular morbidity and CKD progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  CKD awareness, defined as a 'yes' response to 'Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you had kidney disease?', was examined among adults with CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) who participated in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Odds of participation in healthy behaviors (tobacco avoidance, avoidance of regular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and physical activity) and achievement of risk-reduction targets (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use, systolic blood pressure control and glycemic control among those with diabetes) among those aware versus unaware of their CKD were determined by logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographics, access to care and comorbid conditions. Systolic blood pressure control was defined as <130 mm Hg (primary definition) or <140 mm Hg (secondary definition).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2,615 participants, only 6% (n = 166) were aware of having CKD. Those who were aware had 82% higher odds of tobacco avoidance compared to those unaware (adjusted OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.02-3.24). CKD awareness was not associated with other healthy behaviors or achievement of risk-reduction targets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Awareness of CKD was only associated with participation in one healthy behavior and was not associated with achievement of risk-reduction targets. To encourage adoption of healthy behaviors, a better understanding of barriers to participation in CKD-healthy behaviors is needed.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Delphine.tuot@ucsf.edu
authors: Delphine S
authors: DS
authors: Tuot
authors: Laura C
authors: LC
authors: Plantinga
authors: Suzanne E
authors: SE
authors: Judd
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Muntner
authors: Chi-Yuan
authors: CY
authors: Hsu
authors: David G
authors: DG
authors: Warnock
authors: Orlando M
authors: OM
authors: Gutiérrez
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Safford
authors: Neil R
authors: NR
authors: Powe
authors: William M
authors: WM
authors: McClellan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D016017:Odds Ratio; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000523:psychology*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001786:Blood Glucose
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