title: Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the development and function of Th17 cells.
abstract: IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells comprise a distinct Th subset involved in epithelial cell- and neutrophil-mediated immune responses against extracellular microbes. At the same time, Th17 cells play significant roles in the development of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Since the identification of Th17 cells approximately a decade ago, the molecular mechanisms of their differentiation have been intensively studied and a number of signaling cascades and transcription factors have been shown to be involved. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the function of Th17 cells in vivo as well as several key concepts for the molecular mechanisms of Th17 differentiation. We also discuss the emerging roles of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in the differentiation of Th17 cells.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Kurebayashi
authors: Shigenori
authors: S
authors: Nagai
authors: Ai
authors: A
authors: Ikejiri
authors: Shigeo
authors: S
authors: Koyasu
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014157:Transcription Factors
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