title: NADPH oxidases regulate septin-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling during plant infection by the rice blast fungus.
abstract: The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae infects plants with a specialized cell called an appressorium, which uses turgor to drive a rigid penetration peg through the rice leaf cuticle. Here, we show that NADPH oxidases (Nox) are necessary for septin-mediated reorientation of the F-actin cytoskeleton to facilitate cuticle rupture and plant cell invasion. We report that the Nox2-NoxR complex spatially organizes a heteroligomeric septin ring at the appressorium pore, required for assembly of a toroidal F-actin network at the point of penetration peg emergence. Maintenance of the cortical F-actin network during plant infection independently requires Nox1, a second NADPH oxidase, which is necessary for penetration hypha elongation. Organization of F-actin in appressoria is disrupted by application of antioxidants, whereas latrunculin-mediated depolymerization of appressorial F-actin is competitively inhibited by reactive oxygen species, providing evidence that regulated synthesis of reactive oxygen species by fungal NADPH oxidases directly controls septin and F-actin dynamics.
authors: School of Biosciences,  University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD,  United Kingdom.
authors: Lauren S
authors: LS
authors: Ryder
authors: Yasin F
authors: YF
authors: Dagdas
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Mentlak
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Kershaw
authors: Christopher R
authors: CR
authors: Thornton
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Schuster
authors: Jisheng
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Zonghua
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Nicholas J
authors: NJ
authors: Talbot
mesh_terms: D003599:Cytoskeleton; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D058112:Septins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D058112:Septins
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