title: Islet amyloid: from fundamental biophysics to mechanisms of cytotoxicity.
abstract: Pancreatic islet amyloid is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes. The major protein component of islet amyloid is the polypeptide hormone known as islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, or amylin). IAPP is stored with insulin in the β-cell secretory granules and is released in response to the stimuli that lead to insulin secretion. IAPP is normally soluble and is natively unfolded in its monomeric state, but forms islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes. Islet amyloid is not the cause of type 2 diabetes, but it leads to β-cell dysfunction and cell death, and contributes to the failure of islet cell transplantation. The mechanism of IAPP amyloid formation is not understood and the mechanisms of cytotoxicity are not fully defined.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Cao
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Marek
authors: Harris
authors: H
authors: Noor
authors: Vadim
authors: V
authors: Patsalo
authors: Ling-Hsien
authors: LH
authors: Tu
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Andisheh
authors: A
authors: Abedini
authors: Daniel P
authors: DP
authors: Raleigh
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000682:Amyloid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D002470:Cell Survival; D006801:Humans; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide
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