title: Synthesis of (cinnamate-zinc layered hydroxide) intercalation compound for sunscreen application.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) intercalated with cinnamate, an anionic form of cinnamic acid (CA), an efficient UVA and UVB absorber, have been synthesized by direct method using zinc oxide (ZnO) and cinnamic acid as the precursor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resulting obtained intercalation compound, ZCA, showed a basal spacing of 23.9 Å as a result of cinnamate intercalated in a bilayer arrangement between the interlayer spaces of ZLH with estimated percentage loading of cinnamate of about 40.4 % w/w. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of the intercalation compound showed excellent UVA and UVB absorption ability. Retention of cinnamate in ZLH interlayers was tested against media usually came across with sunscreen usage to show low release over an extended period of time. MTT assay of the intercalation compound on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells showed cytotoxicity of ZCA to be concentration dependent and is overall less toxic than its precursor, ZnO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (Cinnamate-zinc layered hydroxide) intercalation compound is suitable to be used as a safe and effective sunscreen with long UV protection effect.
authors: Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. mzobir@putra.upm.edu.my.
authors: Sumaiyah Megat Nabil
authors: SM
authors: Mohsin
authors: Mohd Zobir
authors: MZ
authors: Hussein
authors: Siti Halimah
authors: SH
authors: Sarijo
authors: Sharida
authors: S
authors: Fakurazi
authors: Palanisamy
authors: P
authors: Arulselvan
authors: Taufiq-Yap Yun
authors: TY
authors: Hin
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