title: Glycemic index, insulinemic index, and satiety index of kefir.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine glycemic, insulinemic, and satiety indices of 3 types of kefir.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was divided into 3 phases. In phase 1, 50 g of available carbohydrate from low-fat strawberry kefir or orange kefir was tested, and in phase 2, low-fat plain kefir containing 25 g of available carbohydrates was tested for glycemic index (GI), in both cases compared with an equivalent amount of glucose. In phase 3, 1000-kJ portions of all 3 types of kefirs were compared with white bread with the same energy content to determine the insulinemic index (II) and satiety index (SI) of all 3 kefirs. In all phases, a single-meal, randomized crossover design was performed in which the test meals were given to healthy adults, 5 men and 5 women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total incremental plasma glucose area under the curve (iAUC) for strawberry, orange, and plain kefirs was significantly lower compared with the respective high-GI control food, which was glucose solution. However, the IIs and SIs of kefir did not differ significantly from the white bread.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kefir is a low- to moderate-GI food; however, its II was high. Although kefir had higher water content, the SI of kefir was not significantly different from white bread.
authors: Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors: Kai Ling
authors: KL
authors: Kong
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Hendrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D043302:Cultured Milk Products / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012527:Satiation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin