title: Salivary levels of secretary IgA, C5a and alpha 1-antitrypsin in sulfur mustard exposed patients 20 years after the exposure, Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study (SICS).
abstract: Sulfur mustard (SM) is a strong toxic agent that causes acute and chronic health effects on a myriad of organs following exposure. Although the primary targets of inhaled mustard gas are the epithelia of the upper respiratory tract, the lower respiratory tract is the focus of the current study, and upper tract complications remain obscure. To our knowledge there is no study addressing the secretory IgA (S-IgA), C5a, alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT) in the saliva of SM-exposed victims. In this study, as many as 500 volunteers, including 372 SM-exposed cases and 128 control volunteers were recruited. A 3 ml sample of saliva was collected from each volunteer, and the level of secretory IgA, C5a, and alpha 1 antitrypsin in the samples were compared between the two groups. The SM-exposed group showed a significantly higher amount of salivary alpha 1 antitrypsin and secretary IgA compared to the control group (p<.006 and p<.018 respectively). The two groups showed no significant difference (p=0.192) in the level of C5a. The results also showed that the level of salivary A1AT is more than that of IgA in severely injured cases. The findings presented here provide valuable insight for both researchers and practitioners dealing with victims of the chemical warfare agent, sulfur mustard. This research indicates that certain branches of the inflammatory processes mandate serious attention in therapeutic interventions.
authors: Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Otolaryngology, Shahed University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Mohammad Ebrahim
authors: ME
authors: Yarmohammadi
authors: Zuhair Mohammad
authors: ZM
authors: Hassan
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Mostafaie
authors: Massoumeh
authors: M
authors: Ebtekar
authors: Roya
authors: R
authors: Yaraee
authors: Shahryar
authors: S
authors: Pourfarzam
authors: Mohammadreza
authors: M
authors: Jalali-Nadoushan
authors: Soghrat
authors: S
authors: Faghihzadeh
authors: Mohammad-Reza
authors: MR
authors: Vaez-Mahdavi
authors: Mohammad-Reza
authors: MR
authors: Soroush
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Khamesipour
authors: Elham
authors: E
authors: Faghihzadeh
authors: Zarin
authors: Z
authors: Sharifnia
authors: Mohammad-Mehdi
authors: MM
authors: Naghizadeh
authors: Tooba
authors: T
authors: Ghazanfari
mesh_terms: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis*; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000633:toxicity*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D015936:Complement C5a; D009151:Mustard Gas
keywords: Alpha 1 antitrypsin; C5a; IgA; Saliva; Sulfur mustard