title: Transverse dental changes after tooth-borne and bone-borne maxillary expansion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the differences in skeletal and dental maxillary expansion as evidenced by the degree of dental tipping and if this is symmetrical or not.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two patients who were diagnosed as requiring maxillary expansion treatment were recruited over an 18-month period. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups where a total of three to four cone-beam computerized tomographies (CBCT) were obtained throughout a one-year period depending on the group allocated. Landmarks used were from the first and second molars and premolars of the maxilla. For each of the eight teeth, three landmarks were identified: the root apex, alveolar bone and pulp chamber. Statistical analysis consisted in the use of MANOVA and after significant overall effects were detected, the univariate repeated measures results were analyzed along with separate ANOVA for each variable at each of the four time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was strong overall significance for time, group, and time*group. The first and second molars saw both bone- and tooth-anchored treatment groups with significantly different dental inclination than the control group. For the second premolars, only the tooth-anchored group was significantly different from control. The tooth-anchored group was also significantly different than the control group in the first premolar measurements. For the analysis of asymmetry in dental inclination, no significant time, group, or time*group effects were seen overall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis provided evidence that dental tipping does occur in the molars for both RME treatments, while the premolars showed increased tipping in the tooth-anchored, but not the bone-anchored group.
authors: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 11405-87, avenue NW, Edmonton ABT6G1C9, Canada.
authors: Manuel O
authors: MO
authors: Lagravère
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Gamble
authors: Paul W
authors: PW
authors: Major
authors: Giseon
authors: G
authors: Heo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000209:etiology*; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D009811:Odontometry; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging