title: The relationship between urban sprawl and coronary heart disease in women.
abstract: Studies have reported relationships between urban sprawl, physical activity, and obesity, but - to date - no studies have considered the relationship between sprawl and coronary heart disease (CHD) endpoints. In this analysis, we use longitudinal data on post-menopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trial to analyze the relationship between metropolitan statistical area (MSA)-level urban compactness (the opposite of sprawl) and CHD endpoints including death, any CHD event, and myocardial infarction. Models control for individual and neighborhood socio-demographic characteristics. Women who lived in more compact communities at baseline had a lower probability of experiencing a CHD event and CHD death or MI during the study follow-up period. One component of compactness, high residential density, had a particularly noteworthy effect on outcomes. Finally, exploratory analyses showed evidence that the effects of compactness were moderated by race and region.
authors: RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. bethg@rand.org
authors: Beth Ann
authors: BA
authors: Griffin
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Eibner
authors: Chloe E
authors: CE
authors: Bird
authors: Adria
authors: A
authors: Jewell
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Margolis
authors: Regina
authors: R
authors: Shih
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Ellen Slaughter
authors: Eric A
authors: EA
authors: Whitsel
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Allison
authors: Jose J
authors: JJ
authors: Escarce
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D011156:Population Density; D017698:Postmenopause; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population; D016387:Women's Health
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