title: Effects of wind application on thermal perception and self-paced performance.
abstract: Physiological and perceptual effects of wind cooling are often intertwined and have scarcely been studied in self-paced exercise. Therefore, we aimed to investigate (1) the independent perceptual effect of wind cooling and its impact on performance and (2) the responses to temporary wind cooling during self-paced exercise. Ten male subjects completed four trials involving 15 min standardized incremental intensity cycling, followed by a 15-km self-paced cycling time trial. Three trials were performed in different climates inducing equivalent thermal strain: hot humid with wind (WIND) and warm humid (HUMID) and hot dry (DRY) without wind. The fourth trial (W3-12) was equal to HUMID, except that wind cooling was unexpectedly provided during kilometers 3-12. Physiological, perceptual and performance parameters were measured. Subjects felt generally cooler during the WIND than the HUMID and DRY trials, despite similar heart rate, rectal and skin temperatures and a WBGT of ~4 °C higher. The cooler thermal sensation was not reflected in differences in thermal comfort or performance. Comparing W3-12 to HUMID, skin temperature was 1.47 ± 0.43 °C lower during the wind interval, leading to more favorable ratings of perceived exertion, thermal sensation and thermal comfort. Overall, power output was higher in the W3-12 than the HUMID-trial (256 ± 29 vs. 246 ± 22 W), leading to a 67 ± 48 s faster finish time. In conclusion, during self-paced exercise in the heat, wind provides immediate and constant benefits in physiological strain, thermal perception and performance. Independent of physiological changes, wind still provides a greater sensation of coolness, but does not impact thermal comfort or performance.
authors: MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. lennart.teunissen@gmail.com
authors: L P J
authors: LP
authors: Teunissen
authors: A
authors: A
authors: de Haan
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: de Koning
authors: H A M
authors: HA
authors: Daanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013696:Temperature; D013697:Thermosensing; D014919:Wind
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