title: Post-stroke depression and expressed emotion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the role of expressed emotion (EE) in post-stroke depression (PSD) and the extent to which partner/spouse EE interacted with lesion laterality in PSD. The relationship between (i) lesion location and levels of PSD and (ii) levels of EE and levels of PSD were investigated. The role of perceived EE in PSD was also explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, between-subjects design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures applied to stroke survivors included Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale (EADL), Post-Stroke Depression Rating Scale (PSDRS) and Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (LEE); spouses/partners completed the LEE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interaction between lesion laterality and levels of partner/spouse EE on PSD was not statistically significant (p = 0.63, F = 0.24, df = 1,56). However, a clear relationship was found between lesion laterality and PSD (p = 0.028). As levels of spouse/partner LEE scores increased, levels of PSD also increased (p = 0.039). Perceived EE scores illustrated a significant interaction between lesion laterality and levels of EE on PSD (p = 0.005, F = 8.591, df = 1,56).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst spouse/partner EE scores showed no interaction with lesion laterality to determine levels of PSD, a significant interaction was found when compared with stroke survivor perceived EE scores. Furthermore, left hemisphere (LHS) stroke survivors reported higher levels of depression than right hemisphere (RHS) stroke survivors. As levels of EE increased, PSD also increased, with LHS being greater than RHS.
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, The University of Hull, Hull, UK. rashidna@yahoo.co.uk
authors: Naheed
authors: N
authors: Rashid
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Clarke
authors: Miles
authors: M
authors: Rogish
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology