title: Topical effect of a medically prescribed pediatric antibiotic on dental biofilm: a cross-over, in situ study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the possible topical effect of a broad-spectrum antibiotic on dental biofilm formed in situ in the absence or presence of sucrose.
  
  
  METHODS
  A crossover study was conducted in three phases of 14 days each, during which 11 volunteers wore palatal devices containing 6 enamel blocks covered with meshes to allow biofilm formation. Dental blocks were extraorally submitted to a 20% sucrose solution at three different frequencies of exposure (0, 3 and 8 times/day), and to a suspension of amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (A/CP) or a placebo (P) suspension at an 8-hour time interval application regimen. On the 14(th) day of each phase, biofilms were collected for microbiological (conventional culture) and molecular (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis--DGGE) analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of sucrose exposure (SE) and at the 3-time daily frequency, dental biofilms treated with A/CP showed lower total biofilm weight and lower counts of total microbiota than the ones treated with P (p>0.05). A/CP presented higher counts of Candida spp. when compared with P in the presence of SE, especially at the 8-time daily frequency (p<0.05). Considering the DGGE analysis, the mean number of bands was higher for P (p>0.05), regardless of SE. However, DGGE profiles demonstrated large interindividual variability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both conventional culture and DGGE have demonstrated some differences on total microbiota of dental biofilms when exposed to the A/CP or P suspensions, mainly in the absence of sucrose, which suggests a possible topical effect of the sugar-free A/CP suspension on dental biofilm.
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. vivipierro@gmail.com
authors: Viviane Santos da Silva
authors: VS
authors: Pierro
authors: Dennis de Carvalho
authors: Dde C
authors: Ferreira
authors: Hugo Emiliano
authors: HE
authors: de Jesus
authors: Alexandre Soares
authors: AS
authors: Rosado
authors: Ronir Raggio
authors: RR
authors: Luiz
authors: Kátia Regina Netto
authors: KR
authors: dos Santos
authors: Lucianne Cople
authors: LC
authors: Maia
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054892:Metagenome / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D013395:Sucrose
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