title: Molecular detection and genotyping of Japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes during a 2010 outbreak in the Republic of Korea.
abstract: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen, is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis. To reduce the impact of Japanese encephalitis among children in the Republic of Korea (ROK), the government established a mandatory vaccination program in 1967. Through the efforts of this program only 0-7 (mean 2.1) cases of Japanese encephalitis were reported annually in the ROK during the period of 1984-2009. However, in 2010 there was an outbreak of 26 confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis, including 7 deaths. This represented a >12-fold increase in the number of confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis in the ROK as compared to the mean number reported over the last 26 years and a 3.7-fold increase over the highest annual number of cases during this same period (7 cases). Surveillance of adult mosquitoes was conducted during the 2010 outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in the ROK. A total of 6,328 culicine mosquitoes belonging to 12 species from 5 genera were collected at 6 survey sites from June through October 2010 and assayed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of JEV. A total of 34/371 pooled samples tested positive for JEV (29/121 Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 4/64 Cx. pipiens, and 1/26 Cx. bitaeniorhynchus) as confirmed by sequencing of the pre-membrane and envelope protein coding genes. The maximum likelihood estimates of JEV positive individuals per 1,000 culicine vectors for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens, and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus were 11.8, 5.6, and 2.8, respectively. Sequences of the JEV pre-membrane and envelope protein coding genes amplified from the culicine mosquitoes by RT-PCR were compared with those of JEV genotypes I-V. Phylogenetic analyses support the detection of a single genotype (I) among samples collected from the ROK in 2010.
authors: Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal, Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspection Agency, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyun-Ji
authors: HJ
authors: Seo
authors: Heung Chul
authors: HC
authors: Kim
authors: Terry A
authors: TA
authors: Klein
authors: Andrew M
authors: AM
authors: Ramey
authors: Ji-Hye
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Soon-Goo
authors: SG
authors: Kyung
authors: Jee-Yong
authors: JY
authors: Park
authors: Yun Sang
authors: YS
authors: Cho
authors: In-Soo
authors: IS
authors: Cho
authors: Jung-Yong
authors: JY
authors: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012621:Seasons; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins
references: J Med Entomol. 2003 Jul;40(4):580-4
references: 14680130
references: J Gen Virol. 2009 Apr;90(Pt 4):827-832
references: 19264633
references: J Med Entomol. 2006 Sep;43(5):1076-81
references: 17017248
references: Med J Aust. 1996 Sep 2;165(5):256-60
references: 8816682
references: Virol J. 2010 Nov 26;7:345
references: 21108846
references: Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1989 Dec;20(4):611-21
references: 2576966
references: Bull World Health Organ. 1964;30:161-72
references: 14153405
references: J Gen Virol. 2004 Jun;85(Pt 6):1625-1631
references: 15166447
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Nov;14(11):1762-5
references: 18976565
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 May;17(5):934-6
references: 21529419
references: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Oct;77(4):737-46
references: 17978081
references: Virol J. 2011 Sep 23;8:449
references: 21943222
references: J Gen Virol. 1990 Dec;71 ( Pt 12):2915-22
references: 2273391
references: N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 31;355(9):869-71
references: 16943399
references: J Vet Sci. 2004 Sep;5(3):197-205
references: 15365233
references: Indian J Med Res. 1978 Jun;67:889-93
references: 214400
references: Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1947 Apr;57(4):430-63
references: 20297184
references: Microbiol Immunol. 1994;38(10):827-30
references: 7869964
references: Virol J. 2011 Oct 14;8:472
references: 21999532
references: J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1995 Mar;11(1):94-8
references: 7616198
references: Vaccine. 2000 May 26;18 Suppl 2:1-25
references: 10821969
references: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Oct;65(4):379-87
references: 11693888
references: Vaccine. 2005 Sep 15;23(39):4785-92
references: 15939510
references: J Med Entomol. 2000 Sep;37(5):780-3
references: 11004796
references: J Gen Virol. 2007 Mar;88(Pt 3):885-894
references: 17325361
references: Rev Med Virol. 2012 Sep;22(5):301-22
references: 22407526
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Jul;13(7):1123-5
references: 18214202
references: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Jul;47(1):61-9
references: 1322071
references: J Med Entomol. 2011 Nov;48(6):1250-6
references: 22238887
references: Vaccine. 2003 Nov 7;21(31):4514-8
references: 14575761
references: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 Dec;67(6):656-61
references: 12518858
references: Virol J. 2012 Mar 27;9:73
references: 22452813
references: Virol J. 2010 Jun 14;7:127
references: 20546562
references: Annu Rev Microbiol. 1986;40:395-414
references: 2877613
references: Trop Geogr Med. 1986 Mar;38(1):46-50
references: 3008391
references: J Med Entomol. 2006 Mar;43(2):296-300
references: 16619614
references: PLoS One. 2011 Jan 25;6(1):e16418
references: 21283590
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2000 Jan-Feb;6(1):17-24
references: 10653564