title: IgE production to α-gal is accompanied by elevated levels of specific IgG1 antibodies and low amounts of IgE to blood group B.
abstract: IgE antibodies to gal-α-1,3-gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc (α-gal) can mediate a novel form of delayed anaphylaxis to red meat. Although IgG antibodies to α-gal (anti-α-gal or anti-Gal) are widely expressed in humans, IgE anti-α-gal is not. We explored the relationship between the IgG and IgE responses to both α-gal and the related blood group B antigen. Contradicting previous reports, antibodies to α-gal were found to be significantly less abundant in individuals with blood group B or AB. Importantly, we established a connection between IgE and IgG responses to α-gal: elevated titers of IgG anti-α-gal were found in IgE-positive subjects. In particular, proportionally more IgG1 anti-α-gal was found in IgE-positive subjects against a background of IgG2 production specific for α-gal. Thus, two types of immune response to α-gal epitopes can be distinguished: a 'typical' IgG2 response, presumably in response to gut bacteria, and an 'atypical', Th2-like response leading to IgG1 and IgE in addition to IgG2. These results suggest that IgE to a carbohydrate antigen can be formed (probably as part of a glycoprotein or glycolipid) even against a background of bacterial immune stimulation with essentially the same antigen.
authors: Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. t.rispens@sanquin.nl
authors: Theo
authors: T
authors: Rispens
authors: Ninotska I L
authors: NI
authors: Derksen
authors: Scott P
authors: SP
authors: Commins
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Platts-Mills
authors: Rob C
authors: RC
authors: Aalberse
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002417:Cattle; D000939:Epitopes / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D008461:Meat Products; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000939:Epitopes; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014312:Trisaccharides; C076569:alpha-galactosyl epitope; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
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