title: Factors associated with added sugars intake among adolescents living in São Paulo, Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure added sugars intake among adolescents and describe its demographic, socioeconomic, and nutritional status determinants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted based on a household survey carried out between March and December 2003. Food intake was assessed through 24-hour food recalls, and an adjustment approach was applied using external variance estimates derived from 195 adolescents of the same age in 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cross-sectional study, city of São Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred and ninety-three male (n = 410) and female (n = 383) adolescents aged 10-19 years. MEASURE OF OUTCOME: Foods with greater contributions toward the added sugars intake were identified. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed, with calories from added sugars as the dependent continuous variable and the remaining factors (socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, household condition, and food intake) as independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average contribution of added sugars to total energy value was 12.28% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.87-12.70) with no statistically significant sex difference (p > 0.05). Soft drinks were a major source of added sugars among the adolescents (34.2% among males and 32.0% among females), followed by sugars (sucrose and honey) and chocolate powder (around 11%). In the multiple linear regression analysis, the head of household's education level and calories from protein, fats, and carbohydrates other than sugars had an independent effect on added sugars intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the percentage contribution of added sugars to energy intake among adolescents in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, was above the current recommended levels. Socioeconomic condition (represented by the head of the household's education level) and macronutrient intake were shown to be determinants of sugars intake.
authors: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil. colucci@usp.br
authors: Ana Carolina A
authors: AC
authors: Colucci
authors: Chester L G
authors: CL
authors: Cesar
authors: Dirce M L
authors: DM
authors: Marchioni
authors: Regina M
authors: RM
authors: Fisberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D019422:Dietary Sucrose