title: Molecular pathology of prostate cancer revealed by next-generation sequencing: opportunities for genome-based personalized therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article reviews recently identified genomic mutations in prostate cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Advanced sequencing technologies have made it possible to obtain large amounts of data on genomes and transcriptomes of cancers. Such technologies have been used to sequence prostate cancer of different stages, from treatment-naive cancers, to advanced, castration-resistant cancers to the aggressive small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. For each category of prostate cancer, distinct and overlapping DNA sequence alterations were discovered, including point mutations, small insertions or deletions, copy number changes and chromosomal rearrangements. There appears to be a stepwise increase in genomic alterations from low risk to high risk to advanced cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These novel findings have significantly increased our knowledge of the genetic basis of human prostate cancer and the molecular mechanisms responsible for disease progression and treatment resistance. Some of the lesions are potential therapeutic targets. Studies along this direction will eventually make it possible to design personalized management plans for individual patients.
authors: Departments of Pathology and Urology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA. Huang@mednet.ucla.edu
authors: Jiaoti
authors: J
authors: Huang
authors: Jason K
authors: JK
authors: Wang
authors: Yin
authors: Y
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
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