title: [External quality assessment of semen analysis in Poland].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Semen analysis is an important part of male infertility diagnosis and should be performed according to international recommendations. The reliability of the results depends mainly on the qualifications of the laboratory analysts. External Quality Assessment Programmes (EQAP) are performed in laboratories worldwide in order to standardize the results. The aim of this study was to perform the first in Poland comparison of the results of sperm analysis from different laboratories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty two Polish laboratories were invited to participate in the EQAP and eight laboratories agreed to take part in the analysis. They were sent uniform semen samples, prepared in accordance with the WHO standards: one sample for the assessment of concentration, two for motility (on DVD) and two for the morphology of the sperm (Papanicolau staining). The reference group was comprised of three employees of the Andrologic Laboratory of Poznań University of Medical Sciences, who regularly take part in EQAP organized by ESHRE. The reference group analyzed the samples from the participating laboratories. Statistic features such as mean, median, standard deviation, minimal and maximal value, first and third quartile were assessed for every examined parameter Z-score index was used to compare the differences between assessed laboratories and the reference laboratory. The acceptable Z-score range was +/-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average concentration in the reference group was 43 mln/ml, while in the assessed laboratories (L) it was between 31 (L4) and 72.5 mln/ml (L1). Z-score for concentration analysis in three laboratories exceeded +/- 1 (2.51 for L1, 1.42 for L2 and -1.02 for L4). In the analysis of the first sample for progressive motility the reference group received 59%, while the values of participating laboratories varied from 42,5% (L1) to 80% (L4). Most of the centers achieved Z-score within the normal range, except for L1 and L4 (-1.48 and 1.88 respectively). The reference value for the second sample for motility was 33%. The received results ranged between 22% (L6) and 48% (L7). Z-score was -1.27 for L6 and 1.73 for L7, while the results of other laboratories were close to the reference group. Reference morphology for the first sample was 3%. The results sent by the participating laboratories varied from 2% (L2 and L3) to 72.7% (L8). Assessment of the first sample of sperm morphology resulted in significant differences in 4 laboratories: Z-score of 12.41 for L8, 2.54 for L5, 2.19 for L4 and 1.12 for L1. The reference morphology for the second sample was 1%, while the sent results ranged from 0% (L3) to 45.8% (L8). Z-score for the second sample was 5.69 for L8, and 3.07 for L4 and 1.18 for L5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) Significant differences between the laboratories in the obtained results of the analysis of sperm parameters, especially the morphology were found during the external quality assessment of the semen analysis. 2) Taking part in EQAP provides laboratories with information which procedures and stages ought to be improved in order to increase the reliability of semen results.
authors: Klinika Niepłodności i Endokrynologii Rozrodu, Katedra Ginekologii, Połoznictwa i Onkologii Ginekologicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Polska. piotrjedrzejczak@gmail.com
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Jedrzejczak
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Talarczyk
authors: Grazyna
authors: G
authors: Taszarek-Hauke
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Berger
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Hauke
authors: Leszek
authors: L
authors: Pawelczyk
mesh_terms: D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D012015:Reference Standards; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000592:standards*