title: Patient understanding of benefits, risks, and alternatives to screening colonoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While several tests and strategies are recommended for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, studies suggest that primary care providers often recommend colonoscopy without providing information about its risks or alternatives. These observations raise concerns about the quality of informed consent for screening colonoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a telephone survey (August 2008 to September 2009) of a convenience sample of 98 patients scheduled for a screening colonoscopy to assess their understanding of the procedure's benefits, risks, and alternatives and their sources of information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fully 90.8% of subjects described the purpose of screening colonoscopy in at least general terms. Just 48.0% described at least one risk of the procedure. Only 24.5% named at least one approved alternative test. Just 3.1% described the minimal required elements for informed consent: the benefit of colonoscopy, both of the major risks, and at least one approved alternative test. Compared to subjects with higher levels of education or income, fewer subjects with lower levels of education or income could name at least one risk of colonoscopy or one approved alternative test to colonoscopy. For benefits, risks, and alternatives, a smaller percentage of subjects responding reported obtaining information from their doctors than from other sources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients scheduled for screening colonoscopy have limited knowledge of its risks and alternatives; subjects with lower education levels and lower income have even less understanding. For patients who do not receive additional information until they have begun the preparation for the test, the quality of informed consent may be low.
authors: Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46220, USA. phschwar@iupui.edu
authors: Peter H
authors: PH
authors: Schwartz
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Edenberg
authors: Patrick R
authors: PR
authors: Barrett
authors: Susan M
authors: SM
authors: Perkins
authors: Eric M
authors: EM
authors: Meslin
authors: Thomas F
authors: TF
authors: Imperiale
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003625:Data Collection; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009780:Occult Blood; D010358:Patient Participation