title: Regulation of peripheral metabolism by substrate partitioning in the brain.
abstract: All organisms must adapt to changing nutrient availability, with nutrient surplus promoting glucose metabolism and nutrient deficit promoting alternative fuels (in mammals, mainly free fatty acids). A major function of glucose-sensing neurons in the hypothalamus is to regulate blood glucose. When these neurons sense glucose levels are too low, they activate robust counterregulatory responses to enhance glucose production, primarily from liver, and reduce peripheral metabolism. Some hypothalamic neurons can metabolize free fatty acids via β-oxidation, and β-oxidation generally opposes effects of glucose on hypothalamic neurons. Thus hypothalamic β-oxidation promotes obese phenotypes, including enhanced hepatic glucose output.
authors: Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors: Cesar
authors: C
authors: Moreno
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: Penny
authors: P
authors: Dacks
authors: Fumiko
authors: F
authors: Isoda
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Poplawski
authors: Charles V
authors: CV
authors: Mobbs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005947:Glucose
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