title: Eukaryotic virulence determinants utilize phosphoinositides at the ER and host cell surface.
abstract: Similar to bacteria, eukaryotic pathogens may utilize common strategies of pathogenic secretion, because effector proteins from the oomycete Phytophthora infestans and virulence determinants from the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum share a functionally equivalent host-cell-targeting motif (RxLR-dEER in P. infestans and RxLxE/D/Q in P. falciparum). Here we summarize recent studies that reveal that the malarial motif may function differently than previously envisioned. Binding of the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] is a critical step in accessing the host for both pathogens, but occurs in different locations. Nanomolar affinity for PI(3)P by these short amino acid motifs suggests that a newly identified mechanism of phosphoinositide binding that unexpectedly occurs in secretory locations has been exploited for virulence by diverse eukaryotic pathogens.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Rays H Y
authors: RH
authors: Jiang
authors: Robert V
authors: RV
authors: Stahelin
authors: Souvik
authors: S
authors: Bhattacharjee
authors: Kasturi
authors: K
authors: Haldar
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D055750:Phytophthora infestans / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010944:Plants; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011485:Protein Binding; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D037521:Virulence Factors
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