title: Comparison of physicochemical characteristics and anticoagulant activities of polysaccharides from  three sea cucumbers.
abstract: In order to search for sulfated polysaccharides in different invertebrate connective tissues and to examine their biological activities, we have isolated three types of polysaccharides from the body wall of the three sea cucumbers Holothuria edulis, Apostichopus japonicas and Holothuria nobilis. The physicochemical properties and anticoagulant activities of these polysaccharides were examined and compared. The chemical composition analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicate that two types of polysaccharides, sulfated fucan and fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FuCS), were found in all of the three species and in addition a neutral glycan was observed in H. edulis. The neutral α-glucan was firstly obtained from sea cucumber. The same type of polysaccharides from different species of sea cucumbers have similar physicochemical properties and anticoagulant activities, but those of different types of glycans are significantly different, possibly due to their different monosaccharide compositions, electric charges and average molecular weights. The FuCSs have stronger anticoagulant activities than the sulfated fucans, although the molecular sizes of the FuCSs are lower than those of the sulfated fucans, whereas the neutral glucan has no activity, as expected from the absence of sulfate. Thus, anticoagulant activities of the different type of polysaccharides are likely to relate to monosaccharide composition and sulfate content. Preliminary analysis suggests that the sulfation patterns of the FuCSs may result in the difference in anticoagulant activities. Our data could help elucidate the structure-activity relationship of the sea cucumber polysaccharides.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. luolan_41@163.com
authors: Lan
authors: L
authors: Luo
authors: Mingyi
authors: M
authors: Wu
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: Wu
authors: W
authors: Lian
authors: Jingying
authors: J
authors: Xiang
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Lu
authors: Na
authors: N
authors: Gao
authors: Chuang
authors: C
authors: Xiao
authors: Shengmin
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Jinhua
authors: J
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D011134:Polysaccharides
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