title: The role of oxidative stress in renal injury induced in rats by losartan exposure during lactation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rats exposed to angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonists during lactation present progressive disturbances in renal development that lead to progressive alterations in renal function and structure. This study evaluates the role of oxidative stress in the renal changes induced by exposure to losartan, a type 1 AII receptor antagonist, in rats during lactation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar pups were divided into: Control, pups of dams that received 2% sucrose solution; Control-tempol, pups of dams that received tempol (0.34 g/l), a superoxide dismutase mimetic compound; Losartan, pups of dams that received losartan (100 mg/kg/day), and Losartan-tempol, pups of dams that received losartan and tempol. Losartan and/or tempol were administered during lactation. Blood and urine samples were collected at 21 or 60 days, and the kidneys were removed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Losartan-treated pups exhibited disturbances in renal function and structure that persisted into adulthood. Tempol treatment reduced oxidative stress and attenuated the changes induced by losartan in the glomerular filtration rate, desmin expression at the glomerular edge, vimentin in tubular cells, as well as apoptosis and inflammatory infiltration in the renal cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress contributes at least in part to the renal injury observed in pups exposed to losartan during lactation.
authors: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors: Evelyn Cristina Santana
authors: EC
authors: Marin
authors: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors: Heloísa Della Coletta
authors: HD
authors: Francescato
authors: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors: Roberto Silva
authors: RS
authors: Costa
authors: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors: Cleonice Giovanini Alves
authors: CG
authors: da Silva
authors: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil tmcoimbr@fmrp.usp.br.
authors: Terezila Machado
authors: TM
authors: Coimbra
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D019808:Losartan / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012709:Serum Albumin; D003404:Creatinine; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019808:Losartan
keywords: Angiotensin II receptor; lactation; losartan; oxidative stress; renal development; tempol