title: Genistein administered as a once-daily oral supplement had no beneficial effect on the tibia in rat models for postmenopausal bone loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estrogen deficiency after menopause results in rapid bone loss, predisposing women to osteoporotic fractures. Genistein, a phytoestrogen present in high concentrations in soy, is an ingredient in dietary supplements aggressively marketed for bone health. However, in a recent long-duration clinical trial in postmenopausal women, the efficacy of soy extracts in reducing bone loss was disappointing. To better understand the failure of soy extracts to consistently induce a robust skeletal response in women, we investigated the long-term (5 mo) efficacy of genistein, administered as a daily oral supplement, (1) in preventing cancellous bone loss in skeletally mature virgin Long-Evans rats ovariectomized at 7 months of age and (2) in improving cancellous bone mass and architecture in aged retired-breeder rats ovariectomized at 16 or 22 months of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats within each age group were randomly assigned into one of three treatment groups (n = 7-12 rats/group): (1) vehicle control, (2) genistein 485 μg/day, or (3) genistein 970 μg/day, resulting in mean (SE) serum genistein levels of 0.18 (0.10), 0.76 (0.15), and 1.48 (0.31) μM, respectively. Total tibia bone mass and density were evaluated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, whereas cancellous bone mass and architecture in the tibial metaphysis, as well as cortical bone mass and architecture in the tibial diaphysis, were evaluated by micro-CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral genistein administered as a dietary supplement did not influence the cumulative effects of ovariectomy, aging, and/or reproductive history on cancellous and cortical bone mass and architecture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum levels of genistein similar to those in women consuming a high-soy diet are ineffective in preventing or treating bone loss in rat models for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
authors: Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. Russell.Turner@oregonstate.edu
authors: Russell T
authors: RT
authors: Turner
authors: Urszula T
authors: UT
authors: Iwaniec
authors: Juan E
authors: JE
authors: Andrade
authors: Adam J
authors: AJ
authors: Branscum
authors: Steven L
authors: SL
authors: Neese
authors: Dawn A
authors: DA
authors: Olson
authors: Lindsay
authors: L
authors: Wagner
authors: Victor C
authors: VC
authors: Wang
authors: Susan L
authors: SL
authors: Schantz
authors: William G
authors: WG
authors: Helferich
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012098:Reproduction; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D048789:Phytoestrogens; D019833:Genistein
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