title: Sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and wastewater influencing biofilm formation and gene expression of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa wastewater isolates.
abstract: Sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, which are found in environmental water systems and sewage plants due to an increased use in therapeutical and preventive fields, influence bacterial behavior in biofilms. The application of sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and roxithromycin induced changes in biofilm dynamics regarding biomass formation, spatial structure and specific gene expression in different Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Exposing multi-resistant environmental isolated strains for 17 h to environmental concentrations of antibiotics or wastewater, directly, an increase in biofilm biomass and thickness could be observed for each strain. Additionally, multi-resistant strains responded to the applied growth conditions with changes in transcriptional activity. Here, sub-inhibitory concentrations of macrolides specifically upregulated expression of quorum sensing genes (rhlR, lasI), whereas sulfonamides and municipal wastewater, instead upregulated expression of specific resistant genes (sul1) and efflux pumps (mexD). Antibiotic sensitive isolates demonstrated an overall higher transcriptionally activity, but did not show a specific gene response to the applied exogenous stimuli. Furthermore, the presence of low concentrated antibiotics induced also phenotypical change in the biofilm architecture observed by 3D-imaging.
authors: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus North, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Microbiology of Natural and Technical Interfaces Department, Herman-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Bruchmann
authors: Silke
authors: S
authors: Kirchen
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010641:Phenotype; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D053038:Quorum Sensing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D015575:Roxithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004917:Erythromycin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015575:Roxithromycin; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D062065:Wastewater; C081237:LasI protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; C121980:MexD protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; C086515:RhlR protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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