title: Circulating microRNA expression profiles associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the specificity of expression patterns of cell-free circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Total RNA was purified from plasma, and 45 different specific, mature miRNAs were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. A total of 409 plasma samples were obtained from 364 different patients with SLE, healthy control subjects, and control subjects with other autoimmune diseases. The results in the primary cohort of 62 patients with SLE and 29 healthy control subjects were validated in 2 independent cohorts: a validation cohort comprising 68 patients with SLE and 68 healthy control subjects, and a disease control cohort comprising 20 patients with SLE (19 of whom were from the other validation cohort), 46 healthy control subjects, 38 patients with vasculitis, 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 20 immunosuppressed patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven miRNAs were statistically significantly differentially expressed in plasma from patients with SLE. The expression of miRNA-142-3p (miR-142-3p) and miR-181a was increased, and the expression of miR-106a, miR-17, miR-20a, miR-203, and miR-92a was decreased. In addition, the expression of miR-342-3p, miR-223, and miR-20a was significantly decreased in SLE patients with active nephritis. A predictive model for SLE based on 2 or 4 miRNAs differentiated patients with SLE from control subjects (76% accuracy) when validated independently (P < 2 × 10(-9) ). Use of the 4-miRNA model provided highly significant differentiation between the SLE group and disease controls, except for those with vasculitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating miRNAs are systematically altered in SLE. A 4-miRNA signature was diagnostic of SLE, and a specific subset of miRNA profiles was associated with nephritis. All of the signature miRNAs target genes in the transforming growth factor β signaling pathways. Other targets include regulation of apoptosis, cytokine-cytokine receptors, T cell development, and cytoskeletal organization. These findings highlight possible dysregulated pathways in SLE and suggest that circulating miRNA patterns distinguish SLE from other immunoinflammatory phenotypes.
authors: Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Anting Liu
authors: AL
authors: Carlsen
authors: Aaron J
authors: AJ
authors: Schetter
authors: Christoffer T
authors: CT
authors: Nielsen
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Lood
authors: Steen
authors: S
authors: Knudsen
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Voss
authors: Curtis C
authors: CC
authors: Harris
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Hellmark
authors: Mårten
authors: M
authors: Segelmark
authors: Søren
authors: S
authors: Jacobsen
authors: Anders A
authors: AA
authors: Bengtsson
authors: Niels H H
authors: NH
authors: Heegaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification; D008875:Middle Aged; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
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