title: Altered orbitofrontal sulcogyral patterns in adult males with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders.
abstract: Functions of the orbitofrontal cortex include diverse social, cognitive and affective processes, many of which are abnormal in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Recently, altered orbitofrontal sulcogyral patterns have been revealed in several psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, indicating a possibility that altered orbitofrontal sulcogyral morphology reflects abnormal neurodevelopment. However, the presence of sulcal alterations in ASD remains unexplored. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging, subtypes of the 'H-shaped' sulcus (Type I, II and III, in order of frequency), posterior orbital sulcus (POS) and intermediate orbital sulcus were identified in each hemisphere of adult males with ASD (n = 51) and matched normal controls (n = 55) based on the study by Chiavaras and Petrides. ASD showed a significantly altered distribution of H-shaped sulcal subtypes in both hemispheres, with a significant increase of Type III. A significant alteration in the distribution of sulcal subtypes was also identified in the right hemisphere POS of ASD. Categorical regression analysis revealed that Type I and II expressions predicted a reduced total Autism-Spectrum Quotient score. Furthermore, Type I expression was associated with a reduced 'attention to detail' subscale score. The results demonstrate that altered sulcogyral morphology can be a marker for abnormal neurodevelopment leading to the increased risk of developing autism.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, 6-11-11, Kita-karasuyaSetagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan. dbridges50@gmail.com.
authors: Hiromi
authors: H
authors: Watanabe
authors: Motoaki
authors: M
authors: Nakamura
authors: Taisei
authors: T
authors: Ohno
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Itahashi
authors: Eizaburo
authors: E
authors: Tanaka
authors: Haruhisa
authors: H
authors: Ohta
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Yamada
authors: Chieko
authors: C
authors: Kanai
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Iwanami
authors: Nobumasa
authors: N
authors: Kato
authors: Ryuichiro
authors: R
authors: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: autism spectrum disorder; autistic trait; brain sulcus; magnetic resonance imaging; orbitofrontal cortex
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