title: Influence of different particle processing on hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic activities of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica) in cholesterol-fed rabbit model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nanoparticle processing is implicated in enhancing bioactive or nutritional compound release from raw foods. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether different particle processing might affect the lipid-lowering activity of Dioscorea pseudojaponica (DP) and to investigate whether DP could be a potential functional food for prevention of atherogenesis. Its possible molecular mechanisms were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that 50 mesh-size DP (50 mesh DP) particles exhibited stronger effects than nanoscale DP (nano DP) particles in terms of lowering the level of serum cholesterol as well as reducing the extent of fatty liver and aortic fatty streak. Moreover, both DP particle types, particularly 50 mesh DP, significantly activated AMPK (5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) and deactivated ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase), as demonstrated by the increased levels of both enzymes in their phosphorylated form. Coincidently, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed a higher content (P < 0.01) of dioscin, a known lipid-lowering compound, in 50 mesh DP than in nano DP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that improper processing conditions will lead to the decomposition of bioactive components in yam. They also demonstrate for the first time that the lipid-lowering mechanisms of DP may occur through the AMPK-ACC pathway.
authors: School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
authors: Chun-Hsu
authors: CH
authors: Pan
authors: Chia-Hua
authors: CH
authors: Tsai
authors: Fon-Chang
authors: FC
authors: Liu
authors: Ming-Jen
authors: MJ
authors: Fan
authors: Ming-Jyh
authors: MJ
authors: Sheu
authors: Wen-Tsong
authors: WT
authors: Hsieh
authors: Chieh-Hsi
authors: CH
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D027742:Dioscorea / Q000737:chemistry*; D004144:Diosgenin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D055951:Functional Food; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D035281:Plant Tubers / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D028321:Plant Preparations; C019357:dioscin; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; D004144:Diosgenin
keywords: Dioscorea pseudojaponica; atherogenesis; dioscin; hyperlipidemia; particle processing