title: High serum retinol and lung function in young patients with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to explore the relation between lung function and serum retinol (SR) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a group of 98 young patients with CF (6.8-22.3 years), after the exclusion of those with pulmonary exacerbation, vitamin A deficiency, or other risks, from an initial group of 124 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) were widely scattered (87.7% ± 16.9%). These were similar in the 78 pancreatic insufficient and 11 pancreatic sufficient patients. SR (56.6 ± 18.4 μg/dL) was >2.5th percentile of healthy people in the whole group, although 31 patients were situated above the 97.5th percentile (higher value: 110 μg/dL). The FEV₁ was noticeably higher in these than in those within the normal range (93.6 ± 14.0 vs 85.0 ± 17.6 μg/dL; P < 0.05). The z score of SR correlated positively with FEV₁ (r = 0.364; P = 0.000), after adjusting data for sex, age, body mass index, and pancreatic function. The odds ratio for a FEV₁ >80% is 3.78 in patients with SR above the 97.5th percentile, versus only 0.26 in those within the normal range. There were no cases with retinol toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FEV₁ of young patients with CF correlates positively with SR, regardless of age, pancreatic function, or nutritional condition. Those with a moderately high retinol (up to 110 μg/dL) maintain the best respiratory function (FEV₁ ≥80% in >90% of them) without any signs of toxicity.
authors: Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition and Endocrinology Units, University of Oviedo, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. frivas@uniovi.es
authors: M Francisco
authors: MF
authors: Rivas-Crespo
authors: David
authors: D
authors: González Jiménez
authors: Maria D
authors: MD
authors: Acuña Quirós
authors: Amaia
authors: A
authors: Sojo Aguirre
authors: Soledad
authors: S
authors: Heredia González
authors: Juan J
authors: JJ
authors: Díaz Martín
authors: Jesús M
authors: JM
authors: Garagorri Otero
authors: Aurora
authors: A
authors: Lázaro Almarza
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Bousoño-García
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D010188:Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013851:Thinness / Q000209:etiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014801:Vitamin A