title: Diversity of legionellae strains from Tunisian hot spring water.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of Legionella pneumophila in three hot spring water recreation areas by conventional culture on GVPC and by Real Time-PCR. No legionellae were isolated from the spring water upstream the distribution system suggesting strongly that the thermal area was the probable source of these pathogens. L. pneumophila was present at high level in some samples, reaching values of 8.2 × 10(3) CFU/l at the site C. We observed a low diversity among the 18 isolated Legionella strains according to 16S DNA analysis, since only L. pneumophila and Legionella londiniensis were identified. All of the L. pneumophila strains belong to five serogroups (1, 4, 5, 6 and 8). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis identified various genotypes among these serogroups and showed that these strains had pulsotypes distinct from L. pneumophila present in the CNRL Legionella-database. These environmental strains showed higher tolerance to heat shock stress at 48 °C than L. pneumophila clinical strain, which may explain their presence in warm waters. Our data suggested that potential pathogen legionellae are present in Tunisian medicalized thermal spas and emphasized the importance of adopting control measures to prevent infection.
authors: UR08-45, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia. taoufik_ghrairi@yahoo.fr
authors: Taoufik
authors: T
authors: Ghrairi
authors: Nawel
authors: N
authors: Chaftar
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Jarraud
authors: Jean Marc
authors: JM
authors: Berjeaud
authors: Khaled
authors: K
authors: Hani
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Frere
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D044822:Biodiversity; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D045482:Hot Springs / Q000382:microbiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007875:Legionella / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D014416:Tunisia
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S