title: Neutrophil proteinase 3 and dipeptidyl peptidase I (cathepsin C) as pharmacological targets in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis).
abstract: Neutrophils are among the first cells implicated in acute inflammation. Leaving the blood circulation, they quickly migrate through the interstitial space of tissues and liberate oxidants and other antimicrobial proteins together with serine proteinases. Neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, proteinase 3 (PR3), and neutrophil serine protease 4 are four hematopoietic serine proteases activated by dipeptidyl peptidase I during neutrophil maturation and are mainly stored in cytoplasmic azurophilic granules. They regulate inflammatory and immune responses after their release from activated neutrophils at inflammatory sites. Membrane-bound PR3 (mbPR3) at the neutrophil surface is the prime antigenic target of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), a vasculitis of small blood vessels and granulomatous inflammation of the upper and/or lower respiratory tracts. The interaction of ANCA with mbPR3 results in excessive activation of neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species and liberation of granular proteinases to the pericellular environment. In this review, we focus on PR3 and dipeptidyl peptidase I as attractive pharmacological targets whose inhibition is expected to attenuate autoimmune activation of neutrophils in GPA.
authors: Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM U-1100/EA-6305, 37032 Tours, France. brice.korkmaz@inserm.fr
authors: Brice
authors: B
authors: Korkmaz
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Lesner
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Letast
authors: Yassir K
authors: YK
authors: Mahdi
authors: Marie-Lise
authors: ML
authors: Jourdan
authors: Sandrine
authors: S
authors: Dallet-Choisy
authors: Sylvain
authors: S
authors: Marchand-Adam
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Kellenberger
authors: Marie-Claude
authors: MC
authors: Viaud-Massuard
authors: Dieter E
authors: DE
authors: Jenne
authors: Francis
authors: F
authors: Gauthier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D020789:Cathepsin C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D053146:Myeloblastin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020789:Cathepsin C; D053146:Myeloblastin
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