title: Dry box training with three-dimensional vision for the assistant surgeon in robot-assisted urological surgery.
abstract: We analyzed whether three-dimensional vision, practice or previous laparoscopic experience improves the surgical performance of the bedside assistant during robot-assisted surgery. Six experienced laparoscopic surgeons and 15 novices carried out three skills drills imitating an assistant's maneuvers in robot-assisted surgery, and times for completing the tasks were recorded. Both the novice and experienced groups showed significantly shorter manipulation times for each drill with three-dimensional vision compared with two-dimensional or glassless three-dimensional vision. The experienced group showed significantly shorter manipulation times than the novice group for all types of vision. A significant improvement was observed 14 out of 18 times in the novice group, but only one out of 18 times in the experienced group. We can conclude that the use of three-dimensional visualization facilitates the performance of the assistant surgeon, especially if a novice, during robot-assisted surgery. Laparoscopic experience also improves the performance, whereas training is beneficial for novice assistant surgeons before carrying out actual operations.
authors: Department of Urology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Hinata
authors: Hideto
authors: H
authors: Iwamoto
authors: Shuichi
authors: S
authors: Morizane
authors: Katsuya
authors: K
authors: Hikita
authors: Akihisa
authors: A
authors: Yao
authors: Kuniyasu
authors: K
authors: Muraoka
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Honda
authors: Tadahiro
authors: T
authors: Isoyama
authors: Takehiro
authors: T
authors: Sejima
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Takenaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003162:Competency-Based Education / Q000379:methods; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
keywords: learning curve; radical prostatectomy; robot-assisted surgery; three-dimensional vision system; training