title: Cost-effectiveness of screening strategies for identifying pediatric diabetes mellitus and dysglycemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of screening strategies for identifying children with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dysglycemia (prediabetes/diabetes).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost simulation study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A one-time US screening program.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2.5 million children aged 10 to 17 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Screening strategies for identifying diabetes and dysglycemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effectiveness (proportion of cases identified), total costs (direct and indirect), and efficiency (cost per case identified) of each screening strategy based on test performance data from a pediatric cohort and cost data from Medicare and the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the base-case model, 500 and 400 000 US adolescents had diabetes and dysglycemia, respectively. For diabetes, the cost per case was extremely high ($312 000-$831 000 per case identified) because of the low prevalence of disease. For dysglycemia, the cost per case was in a more reasonable range. For dysglycemia, preferred strategies were the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (100% effectiveness; $390 per case), 1-hour glucose challenge test (63% effectiveness; $571), random glucose test (55% effectiveness; $498), or a hemoglobin A1c threshold of 5.5% (45% effectiveness; $763). Hemoglobin A1c thresholds of 5.7% and 6.5% were the least effective and least efficient (ranges, 7%-32% and $938-$3370) of all strategies evaluated. Sensitivity analyses for diabetes revealed that disease prevalence was a major driver of cost-effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses for dysglycemia did not lead to appreciable changes in overall rankings among tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For diabetes, the cost per case is extremely high because of the low prevalence of the disease in the pediatric population. Screening for diabetes could become more cost-effective if dysglycemia is explicitly considered as a screening outcome.
authors: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA.
authors: En-Ling
authors: EL
authors: Wu
authors: Nayla G
authors: NG
authors: Kazzi
authors: Joyce M
authors: JM
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000191:economics; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D006278:Medicare; D018803:Models, Economic; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
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