title: Novel aspects of brown adipose tissue biology.
abstract: During the last decades, obesity research has focused on food intake regulation, whereas energy expenditure has been mainly measured based on whole-body oxygen consumption. With the renaissance of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis as a potential drug target in humans, more thought is put into alternative heat-producing mechanisms. Also, the interaction of peripheral and central components to regulate thermogenesis requires further studies. Certainly, several of the novel molecular genetic tools available now, compared with 40 years ago, will be helpful to gain new insights in BAT-controlled energy homeostasis and promises new approaches to pharmacologically control body weight.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany. heeren@uke.de
authors: Joerg
authors: J
authors: Heeren
authors: Heike
authors: H
authors: Münzberg
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology
references: Nat Med. 2011 Feb;17(2):200-5
references: 21258337
references: N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1509-17
references: 19357406
references: J Neurosci. 1999 Sep 15;19(18):RC26
references: 10479719
references: Sci Signal. 2009 Dec 01;2(99):ra78
references: 19952371
references: Cell Metab. 2011 May 4;13(5):573-83
references: 21531339
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002 Mar;71(3):469-80
references: 11830181
references: Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2011 Jan 01;16:1233-60
references: 21196229
references: Cell. 1997 May 30;89(5):747-54
references: 9182762
references: Int J Cardiol. 2013 Sep 1;167(5):2264-70
references: 22727960
references: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Apr;100(4):1347-54
references: 16540713
references: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2012 Jun;23(3):190-195
references: 22449813
references: J Physiol. 1995 Oct 15;488 ( Pt 2):407-18
references: 8568679
references: Genes Dev. 2009 Apr 1;23(7):788-97
references: 19339685
references: Nature. 2012 Jan 11;481(7382):463-8
references: 22237023
references: Atherosclerosis. 2011 Nov;219(1):15-21
references: 21831376
references: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Aug;287(2):R472-8
references: 15072966
references: EMBO J. 1985 Sep;4(9):2369-76
references: 3000775
references: Int J Obes. 1985;9 Suppl 2:17-24
references: 4066136
references: Am J Physiol. 1989 Jul;257(1 Pt 2):R65-73
references: 2750969
references: Am J Physiol. 1982 Jan;242(1):R77-84
references: 7058933
references: Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):675-6
references: 22582248
references: Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2010 Jan 01;2:495-503
references: 20036896
references: Exp Physiol. 2008 Jul;93(7):773-97
references: 18469069
references: Cell Metab. 2010 Apr 7;11(4):263-7
references: 20374958
references: Cell Metab. 2011 Mar 2;13(3):238-40
references: 21356513
references: Genes Nutr. 2012 Jul;7(3):369-86
references: 22139637
references: Cell Metab. 2012 Mar 7;15(3):279-91
references: 22405066
references: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005 Apr;16(2):233-47
references: 15863038
references: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012 Nov;15(6):547-52
references: 23037904
references: Brain Res Bull. 1986 Feb;16(2):231-48
references: 3697791
references: Cell Metab. 2009 Feb;9(2):203-9
references: 19187776
references: Nature. 1981 Jan 29;289(5796):401-2
references: 7464907
references: J Neurosci. 2011 Aug 24;31(34):12189-97
references: 21865462
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jan 4;108(1):143-8
references: 21173238
references: J Neurosci. 2011 Nov 2;31(44):15944-55
references: 22049437
references: J Mol Med (Berl). 2012 Aug;90(8):887-93
references: 22231746
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jun 19;109(25):10001-5
references: 22665804
references: J Biol Chem. 2011 Dec 16;286(50):43112-22
references: 22033933
references: Metabolism. 1974 May;23(5):425-36
references: 4133003
references: Brain Res. 2009 Oct 27;1295:135-41
references: 19643094
references: Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Aug;30(8):387-96
references: 19595466
references: Cell. 2012 Jul 20;150(2):366-76
references: 22796012
references: FASEB J. 2000 Jul;14(10):1345-51
references: 10877827
references: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011 Jun;74(6):661-70
references: 21521287
references: J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1999 Oct;31(5):399-406
references: 10653469
references: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Feb;280(2):E372-7
references: 11158943
references: Nature. 1979 Sep 6;281(5726):31-5
references: 551265
references: Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):1000-4
references: 18719589
references: J Physiol. 1996 Apr 1;492 ( Pt 1):231-42
references: 8730598
references: Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1113-4
references: 20448151
references: Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Oct;34 Suppl 1:S36-42
references: 20935665
references: Dis Model Mech. 2012 Sep;5(5):588-94
references: 22915020
references: Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):569-74
references: 15058305
references: Endocrinology. 2008 Apr;149(4):1773-85
references: 18162515
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Nov;1212:E20-36
references: 21375707
references: Nature. 2002 Jan 17;415(6869):339-43
references: 11797013
references: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003 Nov;285(5):R1030-6
references: 12842868
references: J Comp Neurol. 2003 Jun 2;460(3):303-26
references: 12692852
references: Nat Neurosci. 2007 Sep;10(9):1131-3
references: 17676060
references: Endocrinology. 2009 Apr;150(4):1705-11
references: 19056818
references: Thyroid. 2008 Feb;18(2):167-74
references: 18279017
references: J Mol Med (Berl). 2002 Sep;80(9):576-84
references: 12226739
references: Brain Res. 2011 Apr 18;1385:47-55
references: 21334313
references: Neuron. 2004 Jun 24;42(6):983-91
references: 15207242
references: Endocrinology. 1998 Nov;139(11):4634-41
references: 9794475
references: J Clin Invest. 2012 Mar;122(3):1022-36
references: 22307324
references: Neuroreport. 1991 Jan;2(1):41-4
references: 1768848
references: Cell Metab. 2007 Jan;5(1):21-33
references: 17189204
references: Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Sep;131(3):295-308
references: 21514319
references: Endocrinology. 1998 Apr;139(4):1645-52
references: 9528945
references: Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8(2):272-88
references: 22298955
references: Physiol Rev. 2004 Jan;84(1):277-359
references: 14715917
references: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2002 Oct;29(10):1393-8
references: 12271425
references: J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 20;281(42):31894-908
references: 16914547
references: Eur J Neurosci. 2007 Oct;26(8):2228-38
references: 17927775
references: Mol Endocrinol. 1997 May;11(5):630-7
references: 9139806
references: Nature. 2000 Apr 6;404(6778):661-71
references: 10766253
references: Cell Metab. 2011 Feb 2;13(2):195-204
references: 21284986
references: J Chem Neuroanat. 1997 Jun;13(1):1-21
references: 9271192
references: Nature. 2000 Apr 6;404(6778):652-60
references: 10766252
references: Neuroscience. 2004;126(1):229-40
references: 15145088
references: Nat Neurosci. 2001 Jun;4(6):605-11
references: 11369941
references: N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1500-8
references: 19357405
references: Nat Med. 2011 Feb;17(2):157-9
references: 21297605
references: J Neurosci. 2011 Feb 2;31(5):1873-84
references: 21289197
references: J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 5;285(10):7153-64
references: 20028987
references: Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2011 Sep;12(3):153-62
references: 21336842
references: J Clin Invest. 2005 Dec;115(12):3579-86
references: 16322796
references: Neurosci Lett. 2003 Apr 3;340(1):1-4
references: 12648744
references: J Clin Invest. 2012 Feb;122(2):545-52
references: 22269323
references: Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Dec;22(12):3137-46
references: 16367780
references: J Neurosci. 2009 Sep 23;29(38):11954-64
references: 19776281
references: Nature. 1977 Mar 3;266(5597):60-2
references: 840297
references: Brain Res. 2008 Mar 20;1200:39-50
references: 18282559
references: J Exp Biol. 2011 Jan 15;214(Pt 2):242-53
references: 21177944
references: Eur J Biochem. 1968 Oct 17;6(1):15-22
references: 5725810
references: Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1998 Aug 31;59(2):273-9
references: 9729427
references: J Clin Invest. 2011 Jan;121(1):96-105
references: 21123942
references: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Aug;293(2):E444-52
references: 17473055
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 Mar 15;813:133-8
references: 9100874
references: Neuroreport. 1998 Oct 26;9(15):3415-9
references: 9855291
references: Am J Physiol. 1994 Apr;266(4 Pt 2):R1371-82
references: 7910436
references: Nat Med. 2011 Aug 21;17(9):1076-85
references: 21857651
references: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000 Mar;278(3):R790-5
references: 10712302
references: Brain Res. 2006 Oct 30;1117(1):118-24
references: 16956588
references: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Jan;292(1):R47-63
references: 16959861
references: Am J Physiol. 1982 Nov;243(5):R480-90
references: 7137377
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Feb 21;109(8):3143-8
references: 22315431
references: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2012 Feb;23(1):35-42
references: 22123668
references: Am J Physiol. 1954 May;177(2):222-6
references: 13158551
references: Hypertension. 2009 Feb;53(2):375-80
references: 19103999
references: Endocrinology. 2007 Apr;148(4):1550-60
references: 17194736
references: Cell Metab. 2011 Aug 3;14(2):272-9
references: 21803297
references: Am J Physiol. 1984 Apr;246(4 Pt 2):R558-65
references: 6720929
references: Obes Rev. 2009 May;10(3):265-8
references: 19175509
references: Cell Metab. 2010 Apr 7;11(4):248-52
references: 20374955
references: J Neurosci. 2002 Jun 1;22(11):4600-10
references: 12040067
references: Nat Med. 2010 Sep;16(9):1001-8
references: 20802499
references: J Clin Invest. 1997 Jul 15;100(2):270-8
references: 9218503
references: Eur J Biochem. 1978 Jan 16;82(2):515-21
references: 624284
references: Endocrinology. 1999 Jan;140(1):292-300
references: 9886838
references: Nature. 1997 May 1;387(6628):90-4
references: 9139827
references: Physiol Rev. 2006 Apr;86(2):435-64
references: 16601266
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;95(5):2451-7
references: 20228166
references: Cell Metab. 2006 Mar;3(3):223-9
references: 16517409
references: Proc Nutr Soc. 1976 Dec;35(3):133A
references: 1036201
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2007 May;27(9):3417-28
references: 17339340
references: Braz J Med Biol Res. 1988;21(2):171-6
references: 3060204
references: Neuropharmacology. 2006 Sep;51(3):426-37
references: 16733059
references: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Jan;298(1):R130-40
references: 19923355
references: J Biol Chem. 2011 Mar 18;286(11):8798-809
references: 21209093
references: Nature. 2012 May 17;485(7398):391-4
references: 22522926
references: PLoS One. 2010 Jun 30;5(6):e11391
references: 20613988
references: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2012 Jan 24;3(5):
references: 22389645
references: Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):961-7
references: 18719582
references: Cell. 2012 May 11;149(4):871-85
references: 22579288
references: Cell. 2012 Feb 3;148(3):556-67
references: 22304921
references: Trends Neurosci. 1997 Dec;20(12):565-70
references: 9416669
references: Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1158-61
references: 20448152
references: Genes Dev. 2012 Feb 1;26(3):271-81
references: 22302939
references: N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1518-25
references: 19357407