title: Opsin1-2, G(q)α and arrestin levels at Limulus rhabdoms are controlled by diurnal light and a circadian clock.
abstract: Dark and light adaptation in photoreceptors involve multiple processes including those that change protein concentrations at photosensitive membranes. Light- and dark-adaptive changes in protein levels at rhabdoms have been described in detail in white-eyed Drosophila maintained under artificial light. Here we tested whether protein levels at rhabdoms change significantly in the highly pigmented lateral eyes of wild-caught Limulus polyphemus maintained in natural diurnal illumination and whether these changes are under circadian control. We found that rhabdomeral levels of opsins (Ops1-2), the G protein activated by rhodopsin (G(q)α) and arrestin change significantly from day to night and that nighttime levels of each protein at rhabdoms are significantly influenced by signals from the animal's central circadian clock. Clock input at night increases Ops1-2 and G(q)α and decreases arrestin levels at rhabdoms. Clock input is also required for a rapid decrease in rhabdomeral Ops1-2 beginning at sunrise. We found further that dark adaptation during the day and the night are not equivalent. During daytime dark adaptation, when clock input is silent, the increase of Ops1-2 at rhabdoms is small and G(q)α levels do not increase. However, increases in Ops1-2 and G(q)α at rhabdoms are enhanced during daytime dark adaptation by treatments that elevate cAMP in photoreceptors, suggesting that the clock influences dark-adaptive increases in Ops1-2 and G(q)α at Limulus rhabdoms by activating cAMP-dependent processes. The circadian regulation of Ops1-2 and G(q)α levels at rhabdoms probably has a dual role: to increase retinal sensitivity at night and to protect photoreceptors from light damage during the day.
authors: The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd, St Augustine, FL 32080-8610, USA. Battelle@whitney.ufl.edu
authors: Barbara-Anne
authors: BA
authors: Battelle
authors: Karen E
authors: KE
authors: Kempler
authors: Alexander K
authors: AK
authors: Parker
authors: Cristina D
authors: CD
authors: Gaddie
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019393:Arrestin / Q000378:metabolism*; D057906:Circadian Clocks; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D054910:Compound Eye, Arthropod / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003624:Darkness; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006737:Horseshoe Crabs / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008027:Light; D009655:Octopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D055355:Opsins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D019393:Arrestin; D055355:Opsins; D009655:Octopamine; D005576:Colforsin; D012243:Rhodopsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11
keywords: Gqα translocation; Limulus; arrestin translocation; circadian rhythm; dark adaptation; light adaptation; opsin expression; photoreceptors
references: Microsc Res Tech. 2002 Aug 15;58(4):345-55
references: 12214301
references: J Comp Neurol. 2001 Jun 25;435(2):211-25
references: 11391642
references: J Neurosci. 1987 Sep;7(9):2811-20
references: 3040927
references: Science. 1982 Jun 11;216(4551):1250-2
references: 6123151
references: Vis Neurosci. 1996 May-Jun;13(3):539-47
references: 8782381
references: J Comp Neurol. 2002 Jul 15;449(1):26-42
references: 12115691
references: J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2003 Aug;189(8):643-53
references: 12827424
references: Nature. 1982 Mar 4;296(5852):65-6
references: 7063008
references: Vis Neurosci. 2004 Sep-Oct;21(5):749-63
references: 15688551
references: J Neurosci. 2007 May 23;27(21):5571-83
references: 17522302
references: Trends Neurosci. 2012 Jun;35(6):356-63
references: 22498302
references: J Neurosci. 2012 Oct 3;32(40):13661-7
references: 23035078
references: Science. 1976 Dec 3;194(4269):1071-4
references: 982063
references: Microsc Res Tech. 2002 Aug 15;58(4):356-64
references: 12214302
references: J Comp Neurol. 1983 Oct 1;219(4):369-83
references: 6417196
references: J Biol Rhythms. 2011 Aug;26(4):335-44
references: 21775292
references: Vis Neurosci. 2000 Mar-Apr;17(2):217-27
references: 10824676
references: Vis Neurosci. 1991 Sep;7(3):179-89
references: 1751413
references: Science. 1977 Jul 1;197(4298):86-9
references: 867057
references: J Comp Physiol A. 1988 Nov;164(1):95-105
references: 2466993
references: Biochemistry. 2007 Dec 4;46(48):13907-19
references: 17990896
references: Nature. 1989 Feb 2;337(6206):454-7
references: 2521689
references: Mol Pharmacol. 1970 Nov;6(6):597-603
references: 4322367
references: Neuron. 2004 Jul 8;43(1):95-103
references: 15233920
references: Invert Neurosci. 1996 Dec;2(3):175-82
references: 9372162
references: J Cell Sci. 2004 Sep 15;117(Pt 20):4797-806
references: 15340015
references: Neuron. 1993 Apr;10(4):579-84
references: 8476610
references: J Exp Biol. 2005 Feb;208(Pt 3):497-504
references: 15671338
references: J Gen Physiol. 1987 Mar;89(3):353-78
references: 3559515
references: Science. 1979 Oct 19;206(4416):361-3
references: 482946
references: J Gen Physiol. 1990 Sep;96(3):665-85
references: 2230712
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jun;78(6):3363-7
references: 6267587
references: J Neurochem. 2007 Oct;103(2):784-92
references: 17683482
references: Vis Neurosci. 1990 Mar;4(3):237-55
references: 2078504
references: J Exp Biol. 2010 Aug 1;213(Pt 15):2589-601
references: 20639420
references: Vision Res. 1982;22(12):1503-6
references: 6190312
references: Nature. 1980 Jul 24;286(5771):393-5
references: 7402321
references: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1981 Mar;20(3):294-303
references: 7203876
references: Nature. 1997 Oct 2;389(6650):505-9
references: 9333241
references: J Biol Chem. 2012 Jan 13;287(3):1620-6
references: 22074925
references: Vis Neurosci. 2003 Sep-Oct;20(5):523-34
references: 14977331
references: Biochemistry. 2007 Apr 10;46(14):4280-93
references: 17367164
references: Curr Biol. 2005 Oct 11;15(19):1722-33
references: 16213818
references: Vis Neurosci. 1992 Nov;9(5):493-504
references: 1450102
references: Cell Tissue Res. 1981;216(3):655-9
references: 7237523
references: J Physiol Paris. 2006 Mar-May;99(2-3):133-9
references: 16458490
references: Int Rev Cytol. 1975;41:285-349
references: 1093990
references: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 1999 Jul;123(3):319-27
references: 10481260
references: EMBO J. 2003 Feb 3;22(3):459-68
references: 12554647
references: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2002;514:507-38
references: 12596942
references: Vis Neurosci. 2000 Sep-Oct;17(5):813-22
references: 11153660
references: J Neurosci. 1983 Apr;3(4):856-70
references: 6834108
references: Neuron. 2001 Jan;29(1):255-66
references: 11182096
references: J Neurosci. 1984 Nov;4(11):2792-810
references: 6502204
references: Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):1037-9
references: 7434015
references: J Neurosci. 1998 Jun 15;18(12):4548-59
references: 9614231
references: Vis Neurosci. 1991 May;6(5):481-95
references: 2069900
references: J Neurosci. 1987 Jul;7(7):2135-44
references: 3612232
references: J Neurochem. 1984 Jan;42(1):71-9
references: 6417278