title: Iatrogenic esophago-tracheal fistula: challenges in diagnosis and management.
abstract: Esophageo-tracheal fistula is a rare condition, and in most cases such fistulas are caused by malignant disease or emergency endotracheal intubation. A case where a wrapped tablet produced a fistula between the esophagus and trachea is described. The patient is a male born in 1938 who swallowed a tablet without unwrapping it. The patient was treated with self-expanding metal stents (SEMS), but closure of the fistula was not achieved. Different examinations and treatment options are discussed. Surgical treatment for this condition has demonstrated considerable mortality and morbidity. In some cases closure of the fistula can be achieved by use of SEMS. Although we advise treatment of such cases with SEMS, in some cases treatment with stents will prove troublesome and the risk/benefit analysis will have to be reevaluated.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2819 Gjøvik, Norway. oistein.hovde@sykehuset-innlandet.no
authors: Øistein
authors: Ø
authors: Hovde
authors: Øyvind
authors: Ø
authors: Haugen Lie
authors: Per Arthur
authors: PA
authors: Johansson
authors: Øystein
authors: Ø
authors: Stubhaug
authors: Egil
authors: E
authors: Johnson
authors: Bjørn
authors: B
authors: Hofstad
authors: Truls
authors: T
authors: Hauge
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003679:Deglutition; D004349:Drug Packaging; D004937:Esophageal Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005547:Foreign Bodies; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016156:Respiratory Tract Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Esophageo-tracheal fistula; Iatrogenic; Percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy; Stenting; Surgery
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