title: The validity of the Type D construct and its assessment in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type D (distressed) personality, defined by negative affectivity and social inhibition, is related to cardiovascular outcomes. Little is known about Type D in non-Western cultures. We examined the validity of this construct and its assessment in Taiwanese patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and adults from the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  CAD patients (N = 87) and adults from the general population (N = 421) completed the 14-item Type D Scale- Taiwanese version (DS14-T), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Chinese Hostility Inventory Short-Form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the psychometric examination, item #3 of the original DS14, "I often talk to strangers" was replaced by "I don't like to have a lot of people around me" which comes from the "Withdrawal" facet of social inhibition of DS-24. The reliability of Type D assessment in Taiwan was good, with Cronbach's α for negative affectivity and social inhibition of .86 and .79. Factor analyses confirmed the two-factor model of the Type D construct. The prevalence rate of Type D personality in Taiwan was 20% in CAD patients and 16% in the general population. Negative affectivity was positively associated with anxiety, depression and hostility, and social inhibition was positively associated with suppressive hostility and negatively associated with expressive hostility after controlling for the total hostility. Furthermore, Taiwanese individuals with a Type D personality displayed elevated levels of anxiety, depression and hostility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Type D construct and its assessment with the DS14-T is generalizable to an Asian setting, Taiwan. The DS14-T showed good psychometric properties, and the prevalence of Type D personality in Taiwan was similar to the prevalence rates in Western countries and Mainland China, and Type D was associated with anxiety, depression and hostility.
authors: Department of Psychology, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan. psycyw@gmail.com
authors: Chia-Ying
authors: CY
authors: Weng
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Denollet
authors: Chin-Lon
authors: CL
authors: Lin
authors: Tin-Kwang
authors: TK
authors: Lin
authors: Wen-Chung
authors: WC
authors: Wang
authors: Jyun-Ji
authors: JJ
authors: Lin
authors: Shu-Shu
authors: SS
authors: Wong
authors: Floortje
authors: F
authors: Mols
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
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