title: Transplant programs, centers, and institutes: what does it all mean?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are more than 250 transplant centers in the USA, but variation continues to exist in organizational structure for transplant multidisciplinary services. We reviewed the literature to explore the definitions for transplant organizational structures and address existing rationale for the development of the integrated transplant service line.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No standard definitions exist to differentiate the use of program, center, institute, or service line. A survey of 20 multiorgan transplant centers in the USA showed that most were named centers or institutes, but some were organized as departments and service lines. The prevailing themes were the perceived need for autonomy of the transplant entity, alignment among services and finances, and the alignment of authority with responsibility. In addition, perceived benefits included growth, alignment, efficiency, and resource allocation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multidisciplinary nature of transplantation generally has been fit into the matrix organizational model, although many hospitals today have departments, centers, institutes, and service lines structures. Integration has been viewed as beneficial by most transplant entities reviewed, with a sense that it is better adapted for the evolving healthcare climate.
authors: Transplant Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA. maboulj5@hfhs.org
authors: Marwan
authors: M
authors: Abouljoud
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Whitehouse
mesh_terms: D006782:Hospitals, Special / Q000145:classification* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D017146:Models, Organizational; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D040841:Resource Allocation; D014481:United States