title: Child dopamine active transporter 1 genotype and parenting: evidence for evocative gene-environment correlations.
abstract: The dopamine active transporter 1 (DAT1) gene is implicated in psychopathology risk. Although the processes by which this gene exerts its effects on risk are poorly understood, a small body of research suggests that the DAT1 gene influences early emerging negative emotionality, a marker of children's psychopathology risk. As child negative emotionality evokes negative parenting practices, the DAT1 gene may also play a role in gene-environment correlations. To test this model, children (N = 365) were genotyped for the DAT1 gene and participated in standardized parent-child interaction tasks with their primary caregiver. The DAT1 gene 9-repeat variant was associated with child negative affect expressed toward the parent during parent-child interactions, and parents of children with a 9-repeat allele exhibited more hostility and lower guidance/engagement than parents of children without a 9-repeat allele. These gene-environment associations were partially mediated by child negative affect toward the parent. The findings implicate a specific polymorphism in eliciting negative parenting, suggesting that evocative associations play a role in elevating children's risk for emotional trajectories toward psychopathology risk.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. ehayden@uwo.ca
authors: Elizabeth P
authors: EP
authors: Hayden
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Hanna
authors: Haroon I
authors: HI
authors: Sheikh
authors: Rebecca S
authors: RS
authors: Laptook
authors: Jiyon
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: Shiva M
authors: SM
authors: Singh
authors: Daniel N
authors: DN
authors: Klein
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000483:Alleles; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D012306:Risk; D012931:Social Environment
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human
references: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;47(1):61-67
references: 18174826
references: Psychol Rev. 2002 Jan;109(1):26-34
references: 11863039
references: Genes Brain Behav. 2011 Jul;10(5):513-22
references: 21166770
references: Child Dev. 1997 Oct;68(5):908-923
references: 29106716
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989 Nov;46(11):971-82; discussion 983
references: 2684085
references: Genet Epidemiol. 2007 May;31(4):358-62
references: 17352422
references: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2008 Apr;36(3):359-71
references: 17899358
references: Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Jan;15(1):18-22
references: 20029411
references: Behav Res Methods. 2008 Aug;40(3):879-91
references: 18697684
references: J Med Invest. 2003 Feb;50(1-2):25-31
references: 12630565
references: Am J Med Genet. 2002 Jul 8;114(5):558-65
references: 12116194
references: Behav Neurosci. 2008 Aug;122(4):901-9
references: 18729643
references: J Nucl Med. 2005 May;46(5):745-51
references: 15872345
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2003 Oct;44(7):934-44
references: 14531576
references: Trends Neurosci. 2005 Sep;28(9):456-63
references: 16054244
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;62(4):409-16
references: 15809408
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;42(6):777-83
references: 11583250
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2010 May;167(5):509-27
references: 20231323
references: Dev Psychol. 2006 Jan;42(1):27-37
references: 16420116
references: Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2005;(427):14-21
references: 15877719
references: Dev Psychopathol. 2007 Fall;19(4):1073-87
references: 17931435
references: J Stud Alcohol. 2006 Mar;67(2):185-94
references: 16562401
references: Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Apr;56(4):993-8
references: 7717410
references: J Nucl Med. 2009 Jan;50(1):45-52
references: 19091889
references: Mol Psychiatry. 2002;7(1):44-55
references: 11803445
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1976 Apr;17(2):89-100
references: 932126
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2008 May 1;63(9):852-7
references: 17949693
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 2004 Aug;113(3):471-6
references: 15311992
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 2005 Nov;114(4):505-21
references: 16351374
references: Neuroreport. 2002 May 7;13(6):881-4
references: 11997706
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Mar-Apr;47(3-4):226-61
references: 16492258
references: Neuroimage. 2009 Oct 1;47(4):2041-5
references: 19524047
references: Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2009 Feb 1;18(1):16
references: 20157637
references: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1998 Dec;28(3):309-69
references: 9858756
references: Mol Psychiatry. 2002;7(8):903-7
references: 12232785
references: Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 2004 Nov;36(4):717-31
references: 15641418
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Mar;64(3):327-37
references: 17339521
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Jul;162(7):1243-52
references: 15994704
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2007 Apr 5;144B(3):310-7
references: 17192955
references: J Psychiatr Res. 2005 Mar;39(2):145-50
references: 15589562
references: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2008 Jul;36(5):679-92
references: 18286366
references: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2006 Feb;35(1):34-45
references: 16390301
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Oct 15;66(8):717-21
references: 19368898
references: Nat Rev Genet. 2004 Aug;5(8):618-25
references: 15266344
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 1994 Feb;103(1):103-16
references: 8040472
references: Behav Genet. 1998 May;28(3):215-25
references: 9670597
references: Child Dev. 1996 Oct;67(5):2217-26
references: 9022239
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2009 Jan;50(1-2):44-52
references: 19220588
references: Psychol Bull. 2004 Jan;130(1):66-79
references: 14717650
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2011 Oct;168(10):1041-9
references: 21890791
references: J Clin Child Psychol. 2000 Mar;29(1):17-29
references: 10693029
references: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Jun;11(6):513-20
references: 12050091
references: Psychol Med. 2010 Nov;40(11):1767-78
references: 20380781
references: Mol Psychiatry. 2009 Jan;14(1):60-70
references: 17893706
references: Dev Psychol. 2009 Jul;45(4):988-1008
references: 19586175
references: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010 Jul;38(5):633-43
references: 20146095
references: Dev Psychobiol. 2006 Jul;48(5):406-9
references: 16770765
references: Front Psychiatry. 2011 May 09;2:17
references: 21629842
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 2011 Feb;120(1):33-45
references: 21171728
references: Psychol Bull. 1977 Mar;84(2):309-22
references: 557211
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Oct;188(2):228-35
references: 16915385
references: PLoS Genet. 2008 Feb 29;4(2):e1000008
references: 18454194
references: Behav Brain Sci. 2005 Jun;28(3):313-50; discussion 350-95
references: 16209725
references: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000 Feb;22(2):133-9
references: 10649826
references: Mol Psychiatry. 2010 May;15(5):548-58
references: 18779819
references: Psychol Bull. 1994 Jul;116(1):55-74
references: 8078975
references: Psychol Bull. 2002 May;128(3):490-529
references: 12002699
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;51(7):772-9
references: 20202040
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e21636
references: 21765900
references: Psychiatr Genet. 2010 Dec;20(6):304-10
references: 20526230
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2006 Mar 5;141B(2):167-72
references: 16402352
references: Hum Hered. 2003;56(1-3):73-82
references: 14614241
references: Dev Psychol. 1997 Nov;33(6):891-905
references: 9383612
references: Child Dev. 2012 Nov;83(6):1932-44
references: 22862680
references: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005;29(4-5):843-65
references: 15893378
references: Clin Psychol Rev. 2007 Dec;27(8):986-1003
references: 17449154
references: Child Dev. 2000 Mar-Apr;71(2):468-84
references: 10834478
references: Dev Psychopathol. 2011 Feb;23(1):39-52
references: 21262038
references: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004 Oct;29(10):1765-81
references: 15213704
references: Dev Sci. 2007 Jan;10(1):12-8
references: 17181693
references: Dev Psychopathol. 2007 Fall;19(4):1039-46
references: 17931433
references: Trends Neurosci. 1999 Nov;22(11):521-7
references: 10529820
references: Mol Psychiatry. 2007 May;12(5):432-42
references: 17453060
references: Am J Med Genet. 2002 Mar 8;114(2):144-9
references: 11857574