title: Transport of europium colloids in vadose zone lysimeters at the semiarid Hanford site.
abstract: The objective of this study was to quantify transport of Eu colloids in the vadose zone at the semiarid Hanford site. Eu-hydroxy-carbonate colloids, Eu(OH)(CO3), were applied to the surface of field lysimeters, and migration of the colloids through the sediments was monitored using wick samplers. The lysimeters were exposed to natural precipitation (145-231 mm/year) or artificial irrigation (124-348 mm/year). Wick outflow was analyzed for Eu concentrations, supplemented by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Small amounts of Eu colloids (<1%) were detected in the deepest wick sampler (2.14 m depth) 2.5 months after application and cumulative precipitation of only 20 mm. We observed rapid transport of Eu colloids under both natural precipitation and artificial irrigation; that is, the leading edge of the Eu colloids moved at a velocity of 3 cm/day within the first 2 months after application. Episodic infiltration (e.g., Chinook snowmelt events) caused peaks of Eu in the wick outflow. While a fraction of Eu moved consistent with long-term recharge estimates at the site, the main mass of Eu remained in the top 30 cm of the sediments. This study illustrates that, under field conditions, near-surface colloid mobilization and transport occurred in Hanford sediments.
authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University , Puyallup, Washington 98374, United States.
authors: Ziru
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Flury
authors: Z Fred
authors: ZF
authors: Zhang
authors: James B
authors: JB
authors: Harsh
authors: Glendon W
authors: GW
authors: Gee
authors: Chris E
authors: CE
authors: Strickland
authors: Ray E
authors: RE
authors: Clayton
mesh_terms: D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005063:Europium / Q000737:chemistry*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011891:Rain; D014861:Washington; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005063:Europium