title: Childhood acute leukemia, maternal beverage intake during pregnancy, and metabolic polymorphisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to analyze the associations between childhood acute leukemia (AL) and maternal caffeinated beverage consumption during pregnancy, and to explore interactions between caffeinated and alcoholic beverage consumption and polymorphisms of enzymes involved in caffeine and ethanol metabolisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were generated by the French ESCALE study, which included 764 AL cases and 1,681 controls in 2003-2004. The case and control mothers were interviewed on their consumption habits during pregnancy using a standardized questionnaire. Genotypes of the candidate alleles (NAT2*5 rs1801280, ADH1C*2 rs698 and rs1693482, CYP2E1*5 rs2031920 and rs3813867) were obtained using high-throughput genotyping and imputation data for 493 AL cases and 549 controls with at least two grandparents born in Europe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal regular coffee consumption during pregnancy was associated with childhood AL (OR = 1.2 [1.0-1.5], p = 0.02); the odds ratios increased linearly with daily intake (p for trend <0.001; >2 cups per day vs. no or less than 1 cup per week: AL: OR = 1.6 [1.2-2.1], lymphoblastic AL: OR = 1.5 [1.1-2.0], myeloblastic AL: OR = 2.4 [1.3-4.3]). The association was slightly more marked for children born to non-smoking mothers. Lymphoblastic AL was also associated with cola soda drinking (OR = 1.3 [1.0-1.5], p = 0.02). No significant gene-environment interactions with coffee, tea, cola soda, or alcohol drinking were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides additional evidence that maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy may be associated with childhood AL. Coffee consumption is a prevalent habit and its potential involvement in childhood AL needs to be considered further.
authors: Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Environmental epidemiology of Cancer Group, 16, Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, Bâtiment 15/16, 94807, Villejuif, France.
authors: Audrey
authors: A
authors: Bonaventure
authors: Jérémie
authors: J
authors: Rudant
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Goujon-Bellec
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Orsi
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Leverger
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Baruchel
authors: Yves
authors: Y
authors: Bertrand
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Nelken
authors: Marlène
authors: M
authors: Pasquet
authors: Gérard
authors: G
authors: Michel
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Sirvent
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Bordigoni
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Ducassou
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Rialland
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Zelenika
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: Hémon
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Clavel
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007938:Leukemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; C420272:ADH1C protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human