title: B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator/herpes virus entry mediator as early indicators for acute rejection following kidney transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the roles of B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) in acute and chronic transplant rejection and immune tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression patterns of BTLA/HVEM, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, and interferon (IFN)-γ were analyzed among patients presenting with acute rejection episodes versus those maintaining stable renal function during therapy with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), cyclosporine, or tacrolimus (FK506) plus prednisolone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expressions of BTLA/HVEM in the rejection group were obviously increased compared with the stable group (P < .05), followed by the elevation of serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression levels of BTLA/HVEM can be considered to be early indicators of an acute rejection episode following kidney transplantation.
authors: Department of Kidney Transplantation, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ch
authors: Ch
authors: Tian
authors: Y-G
authors: YG
authors: Liu
authors: J-K
authors: JK
authors: Yan
authors: S-D
authors: SD
authors: Liu
authors: S-T
authors: ST
authors: Zhao
authors: H-W
authors: HW
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D053240:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C482586:BTLA protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D053240:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D016559:Tacrolimus