title: Validation of the four-dimensional structure of drinking motives among adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the motivational model of alcohol use, there are two dimensions underlying the classification of drinking motives resulting in four drinking motive categories: enhancement, social, coping, and conformity motives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using confirmatory factor analysis, the current study provides evidence on the best fitting factor structure in a large representative general population study among adults in the Netherlands (n = 2,440; two data waves separated by 3 months) using the DMQ-R (Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four-factor structure had the best fit at both time points in comparison with any other solution. Test-retest reliabilities indicate individual motive change in level over time, but not in terms of the four-factor structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results replicate and extend previous findings among adolescents, in line with the motivational model of alcohol use, and suggest the utility of using the DMQ-R in future studies on adults' drinking motives.
authors: Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University/CAPHRI, NL–6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. Rik.Crutzen@maastrichtuniversity.nl
authors: Rik
authors: R
authors: Crutzen
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Kuntsche
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D009426:Netherlands; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires