title: Perpetrator, worker and workplace characteristics associated with patient and visitor perpetrated violence (Type II) on hospital workers: a review of the literature and existing occupational injury data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-fatal type II violence experienced by hospital workers (patient/visitor-on-worker violence) is not well described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital administration data (2004-2009) were examined for purposes of calculating rates of type II violent events experienced by workers. We also conducted a review of the hospital-based literature (2000-2010) and summarized findings associated with type II violence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  484 physical assaults were identified in the data, with a rate of 1.75 events/100 full-time equivalents. Only few details about events were captured, while non-physical events were not captured. The literature yielded 17 studies, with a range proportion of verbal abuse (22%-90%), physical threats (12%-64%) and assaults (2%-32%) reported. The literature lacked rigorous methods for examining incidence and circumstances surrounding events or rates of events over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For purposes of examining the impact of type II violence on worker safety, satisfaction and retention, rigorous surveillance efforts by hospital employers and researchers are warranted.
authors: The University of Texas, School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler, RAS E617, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Pompeii
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Dement
authors: Ashley
authors: A
authors: Schoenfisch
authors: Amy
authors: A
authors: Lavery
authors: Megan
authors: M
authors: Souder
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Smith
authors: Hester
authors: H
authors: Lipscomb
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D014789:Visitors to Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D064450:Workplace Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*