title: [Moebius syndrome with facial-dental impairments - rare or rather seldom diagnosed syndrome?].
abstract: As publications on craniofacial anomalies, malocclusions and dental complications recognised in patients suffering from Moebius syndrome are scarce, the authors of this paper decided to discuss the above aspects in broader terms along with the possibilities offered by orthodontic treatment. The etiology of Moebius syndrome has not hitherto been discovered, however the opinion prevails that it is brought on by multiple factors and conditions. In the analysed case, Moebius syndrome was diagnosed  only when the patient was 6 years old. Based on the clinical examination, typical characteristics of the syndrome were observed: craniofacial dysmorphism as well as foot development disorder in the form of talipes equinovarus (club foot). Moreover, Type II Angle's classification of malocclusion was detected - crowded teeth in the mandible and maxilla and hypoplastic enamel. Cephalometric analysis identified retruded position of the mandible against the cranial base, protruded position of the maxilla, shortening of posterior face height, protrusion of incisors in the maxilla. The orthopantomogram showed the presence of all permanent teeth. At the beginning of the orthodontic treatment removable appliances were used, but despite good cooperation on the part of the patient, only a slight improvement was observed. Further orthodontic treatment envisaged extraction of permanent teeth and use of fixed appliances while waiting for the improvement of occlusion.
authors: Instytut Matki i Dziecka, ul. Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warszawa. dcudzilo@gmail.com
authors: Dorota
authors: D
authors: Cudziło
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Obłoj
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Obersztyn
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Bocian
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Matthews-Brzozowska
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D020331:Mobius Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods