title: Modern lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: implications for the tuberculosis control programe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is important to have unique insights into the dissemination dynamics and evolutionary genetics of this pathogen and for TB control as it allows the detection of suspected outbreaks and the tracing of transmission chains.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize M. tuberculois isolates collected from newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients in Addis Ababa
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety two sputum samples were cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) slants and isolates were heat killed for molecular genotyping. The isolates were characterized using spoligotyping and were compared with the International SpoIDB4 database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T genotype constitutes the most predominant in our study (95, 49.5%) followed by the CAS genotype (42, 21.9%). Other genotypes found were Haarlem (H) (24, 12.5%), the LAM (3, 1.5%), the Beijing genotype (1, 0.5%); four (2.1%) isolates were designated as Unknown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All the isolates belong to the modern lineage and there is high clustering in the genotype of isolates which indicated the presence of recent TB transmission. Therefore, the Tuberculosis Control Programme needs to do more in advocating and strengthening the health system for early detection and treatment of active TB cases as delay in treatment is the key factor in disease transmission.
authors: Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. adane_mihret@yahoo.com
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mihret
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Bekele
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Aytenew
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Assefa
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Abebe
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Wassie
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Loxton
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Yamuah
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Aseffa
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Walzl
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Howe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Mycobacterium; genotype; recent transmission; spoligotyping
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