title: Characterization of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei integrin β and its role in immunomodulation by dsRNA-mediated gene silencing.
abstract: The full sequence of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei integrin β (LV-B) is 2879bp which encodes 787 amino acids (aa) of the open reading frame (ORF). The mature protein (764 aa) contains (1) an extracellular domain (ED) of 692 aa, (2) a transmembrane domain (TD) of 23 aa, and (3) a cytoplasmic domain (CD) of 49 aa. The cloned LV-B grouped together with crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus integrin β (PL-B1), but was far away from vertebrate integrin β1, β3, β5, β6, β7, and β8, and another L. vannamei integrin β (LV). A Southern blot analysis indicated that the cloned LV-B was a single copy of genomic DNA. LV-B mRNA was expressed in all tissues, and was highly expressed in haemocytes. LV-B was downregulated in shrimp 24 and 96h after having received white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). LV-B expression by haemocytes of shrimp was higher in the postmoult (A and B) stage, and lower in the premoult (D2/D3) stage. LV-B expression was significantly higher by shrimp reared in 2.5‰ and 5‰ salinities. Shrimp injected with integrin β dsRNA showed gene silencing of integrin β after 36h. LV-B-silenced shrimp showed decreased hyaline cells (HCs), granular cells (GCs, including semi-granular cells), the total haemocyte count (THC), respiratory bursts (RBs), and lysozyme activity, but showed increased RB/HC, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity/HC, and the phenoloxidase (PO) activity/GC. LV-B-silenced shrimp showed upregulated expressions of lipopolysaccharide- and β-glucan-binding protein (LGBP), peroxinectin (PX), prophenoloxidase I (proPO I), proPO II, proPO-activating enzyme (ppA), α2-macroglobulin (α2-M), cytMnSOD, mtMnSOD, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). It was concluded that integrin β plays important roles in proPO activation, phagocytosis, and the antioxidant system for immunomodulation in shrimp.
authors: Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Yong-Chin
authors: YC
authors: Lin
authors: Jiann-Chu
authors: JC
authors: Chen
authors: Yu-Yuan
authors: YY
authors: Chen
authors: Chun-Hung
authors: CH
authors: Liu
authors: Winton
authors: W
authors: Cheng
authors: Chih-Hung
authors: CH
authors: Hsu
authors: Wen-Ching
authors: WC
authors: Tsui
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015870:Gene Expression; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D056747:Immunomodulation; D039641:Integrin beta Chains / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018978:Molting; D009928:Organ Specificity; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D034622:RNA Interference; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000235:genetics*; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D054712:Salinity; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D039641:Integrin beta Chains; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded