title: Does the transtheoretical model of behavior change provide a useful basis for interventions to promote fruit and vegetable consumption?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether Transtheoretical Model (TTM) constructs differ between individuals making successful versus unsuccessful stage transitions for consumption of five or more servings of fruit and vegetables each day and thus provide a useful basis for designing health promotion interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal, observational study. A randomly selected, multiethnic cohort of adults assessed at 6-month intervals over 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community, Hawaii.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 700 participants (62.6% female; mean = 47 ± 17.1 years; 31.1% Asian, 22.1% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 35.0% Caucasian; 25.1% participation rate).
  
  
  METHODS
  Stage of readiness, experiential and behavioral processes of change, pros, cons, self-efficacy, and self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used t-tests to determine which TTM variable scores differed consistently between those making "successful" versus "unsuccessful " stage transitions from precontemplation, preparation, and maintenance. Sample sizes for contemplation and action prohibited similar analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to those remaining in precontemplation, individuals successfully progressing from precontemplation showed significantly greater use of behavioral processes (collectively and self-liberation) and consciousness raising (p < .001). However, only self-liberation demonstrated significant differences consistently over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This longitudinal investigation reveals that TTM behavioral processes, particularly self-liberation, predict successful transition out of precontemplation for adult fruit and vegetable consumption, suggesting that public health messages tailored according to these TTM variables may be effective for this group. However, for adults prepared to adopt or maintain fruit and vegetable consumption, tailoring based on variables from other theories is needed.
authors: University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. caroline.horwath@otago.ac.nz
authors: Caroline C
authors: CC
authors: Horwath
authors: Susan M
authors: SM
authors: Schembre
authors: Robert W
authors: RW
authors: Motl
authors: Rod K
authors: RK
authors: Dishman
authors: Claudio R
authors: CR
authors: Nigg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006254:Hawaii; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
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