title: Photoresponsive ion extraction/release systems: dynamic ion optodes for calcium and sodium based on photochromic spiropyran.
abstract: Photoresponsive ion extraction/release systems (PRIONERS) represent a highly interesting tool for the localized and time-controlled chemical perturbation of biological materials. We report here on our first results on phototriggered calcium and sodium exchanging materials. Such materials exist in two distinct states ("on" and "off"), depending on the wavelength of illumination. We used a combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods to obtain a better understanding of the dynamic processes involved in the triggered ion-exchange reaction upon activation of the photoactive compound. The driving force for the ion exchange is the light-induced acidity change of the chromoionophore. Activation with UV light generates a species in the membrane with an increased pKa. Protons are pulled into the membrane, and at the same time, ions are expelled. The selectivity of the system is determined by the employed ionophore. In contrast to photoresponsive ionophore-based systems, the concept presented here is applicable for virtually any ion of interest for which an ionophore exists.
authors: Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland. g.mistlberger@gmail.com
authors: Günter
authors: G
authors: Mistlberger
authors: Xiaojiang
authors: X
authors: Xie
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Pawlak
authors: Gastón A
authors: GA
authors: Crespo
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Bakker
references: Org Lett. 2011 Apr 15;13(8):2018-21
references: 21417245
references: Chem Rev. 2008 May;108(5):1603-13
references: 18447376
references: J Org Chem. 2008 Jan 4;73(1):227-33
references: 18072788
references: Chem Rev. 1998 Jun 18;98(4):1593-1688
references: 11848943
references: Chimia (Aarau). 2011;65(3):141-9
references: 21528649
references: Chem Rev. 2004 May;104(5):2751-76
references: 15137806
references: Chem Rev. 2000 May 10;100(5):1741-1754
references: 11777418
references: Chem Soc Rev. 2012 May 21;41(10):4010-29
references: 22426200
references: J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Oct 17;134(41):16929-32
references: 23036043
references: Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Apr 14;13(14):6493-9
references: 21384014
references: Talanta. 1994 Jun;41(6):1041-9
references: 18966034
references: Org Lett. 2008 Sep 4;10(17):3761-4
references: 18646769
references: Nature. 2009 May 7;459(7243):68-72
references: 19424152
references: Chem Commun (Camb). 2012 Jun 7;48(45):5662-4
references: 22549109
references: Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1047-58
references: 18083096
references: Chemistry. 2010 Aug 2;16(29):8822-31
references: 20583053
references: Nat Mater. 2006 Jun;5(6):421-4
references: 16738672
references: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):11-21
references: 11413485
references: Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Nov 7;12(41):13737-45
references: 20877830
references: Anal Chem. 1999 Dec 1;71(23):5322-7
references: 21662730
references: J Am Chem Soc. 2006 Jun 7;128(22):7138-9
references: 16734448
references: Chem Rev. 1997 Dec 18;97(8):3083-3132
references: 11851486