title: A neurocognitive approach to understanding the neurobiology of addiction.
abstract: Recent concepts of addiction to drugs (e.g. cocaine) and non-drugs (e.g. gambling) have proposed that these behaviors are the product of an imbalance between three separate, but interacting, neural systems: an impulsive, largely amygdala-striatum dependent, neural system that promotes automatic, habitual and salient behaviors; a reflective, mainly prefrontal cortex dependent, neural system for decision-making, forecasting the future consequences of a behavior, and inhibitory control; and the insula that integrates interoception states into conscious feelings and into decision-making processes that are involved in uncertain risk and reward. These systems account for poor decision-making (i.e. prioritizing short-term consequences of a decisional option) leading to more elevated addiction risk and relapse. This article provides neural evidence for this three-systems neural model of addiction.
authors: Psychological Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brugmann-campus, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 4, Place van Gehuchten, 1002 Brussels, Belgium. xnoel@ulb.ac.be
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Noël
authors: Damien
authors: D
authors: Brevers
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Bechara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003657:Decision Making; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000209:etiology; D009446:Neurobiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*
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