title: Translating metastasis-related biomarkers to the clinic--progress and pitfalls.
abstract: In the context of metastatic disease, preclinical models have been used primarily to decipher different steps of the metastatic cascade. Numerous molecular processes operate in these model systems, but none of these has been successfully translated to the clinic. We discuss some of the successes and failures of preclinical models in metastasis research and suggest some of the clues for more clinically relevant research. These potential avenues of research include: the use of adequate statistical methods and well-annotated cohorts in biomarker discovery; an objective assessment of the level of evidence provided by each biomarker; the development of robust molecular or cellular surrogates of metastasis in patients; and original designs for clinical trials.
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie & Université Paris Descartes, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. fcbidard@curie.fr
authors: François-Clément
authors: FC
authors: Bidard
authors: Jean-Yves
authors: JY
authors: Pierga
authors: Jean-Charles
authors: JC
authors: Soria
authors: Jean Paul
authors: JP
authors: Thiery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic / Q000379:methods; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005544:Forecasting; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D061206:Neoplasm Micrometastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm
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