title: The Glasgow Prognostic Score, an inflammation based prognostic score, predicts survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) has been related to poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing surgical resection or receiving sorafenib. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of GPS in patients with various stages of the disease and with different liver functional status.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty patients with newly diagnosed HCC were prospectively evaluated. Patients were divided according to their GPS scores. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify clinicopathological variables associated with overall survival; the identified variables were then compared with those of other validated staging systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated GPS were associated with increased asparate aminotransferase (P<0.0001), total bilirubin (P<0.0001), decreased albumin (P<0.0001), α-fetoprotein (P=0.008), larger tumor diameter (P=0.003), tumor number (P=0.041), vascular invasion (P=0.0002), extra hepatic metastasis (P=0.02), higher Child-Pugh scores (P<0.0001), and higher Cancer Liver Italian Program scores (P<0.0001). On multivariate analysis, the elevated GPS was independently associated with worse overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that the GPS can serve as an independent marker of poor prognosis in patients with HCC in various stages of disease and different liver functional status.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Daisan Hospital, 4-11-1 Izumihon-cho, Komae- shi, Tokyo, 201-8601, Japan. aki.kino@jikei.ac.jp
authors: Akiyoshi
authors: A
authors: Kinoshita
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Onoda
authors: Nami
authors: N
authors: Imai
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Iwaku
authors: Mutumi
authors: M
authors: Oishi
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Tanaka
authors: Nao
authors: N
authors: Fushiya
authors: Kazuhiko
authors: K
authors: Koike
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Nishino
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Matsushima
authors: Chisato
authors: C
authors: Saeki
authors: Hisao
authors: H
authors: Tajiri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016014:Linear Models; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
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