title: Wet deposition of mercury at Lhasa, the capital city of Tibet.
abstract: Quantifying the contribution of mercury (Hg) in wet deposition is important for understanding Hg biogeochemical cycling and anthropogenic sources, and verifying atmospheric models. Mercury in wet deposition was measured over the year 2010, in Lhasa the capital and largest city in Tibet. Precipitation samples were analyzed for total Hg (HgT), particulate-bound Hg (HgP), and reactive Hg (HgR). The volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentrations and wet deposition fluxes of HgT, HgP and HgR in precipitation were 24.8 ng L-1 and 8.2 μg m-2 yr-1, 19.9 ng L-1 and 7.1 μg m-2 yr-1, and 0.5 ng L-1 and 0.19 μg m-2 yr-1, respectively. Concentrations of HgT and HgP were statistically higher during the non-monsoon season than during the monsoon season, while HgR concentrations were statistically higher during the monsoon season than during the non-monsoon season. Most HgT, HgP and HgR wet deposition occurred during the monsoon season. Concentrations of HgP and HgR were 77% and 5% of the HgT on average (VWM), respectively. Concentrations of HgT and HgP were weakly negatively correlated with precipitation amount (r2 = 0.09 and 0.10; p < 0.05), indicating that below-cloud scavenging of Hg from the local atmosphere was an important mechanism contributing Hg to precipitation. High HgP%, as well as a significant positive correlation between HgT and HgP, confirms that Hg wet deposition at Lhasa was primarily occurring in the form of atmospheric HgP below-cloud scavenging. Moreover, the HgT concentration, rather than the precipitation amount, was found to be the governing factor affecting HgT wet deposition flux. A comparison among modeled wet and dry deposition fluxes, and measurements suggested that estimates of both wet and dry Hg deposition fluxes by the GEOS-Chem model were 2 to 3 times higher than the measured annual wet flux.
authors: Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Huang
authors: Shichang
authors: S
authors: Kang
authors: Shuxiao
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Long
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Qianggong
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Junming
authors: J
authors: Guo
authors: Kang
authors: K
authors: Wang
authors: Guoshuai
authors: G
authors: Zhang
authors: Lekhendra
authors: L
authors: Tripathee
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001272:Atmosphere; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012621:Seasons; D018609:Tibet
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008628:Mercury