title: Ambivalence and innovative moments in grief psychotherapy: the cases of Emily and Rose.
abstract: Several studies have suggested that the process of narrative change in psychotherapy occurs through the emergence and expansion of moments of novelty, known as innovative moments (IMs), that allow changes in the problematic self-narrative responsible for the client's suffering. However, as these IMs challenge typical (and problematic) ways of acting, feeling, and thinking, they may also generate discrepancy or uncertainty. Clients may reduce uncertainty by returning to the problematic self-narrative immediately after the emergence of an IM, thus ensuring the homeostasis of the previous meaning system. This cyclical movement is a form of ambivalence, which can maintain problematic stability across therapy and lead to therapeutic failure. In this study, we identified return to the problem markers (RPMs), which are empirical indicators of the ambivalence process, for all IMs in two cases of constructivist grief psychotherapy. Both cases evidenced a high percentage of IMs with RPMs, and the evolution of IMs and RPMs along treatment was significantly correlated. We suggest that stability of the ambivalence process in grief psychotherapy may represent a form of self-protection from the anxiety or guilt of releasing pain as a disconnection from the deceased.
authors: School of Psychology.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Alves
authors: School of Psychology.
authors: Pablo
authors: P
authors: Fernández-Navarro
authors: School of Psychology.
authors: António P
authors: AP
authors: Ribeiro
authors: School of Psychology.
authors: Eugénia
authors: E
authors: Ribeiro
authors: School of Psychology.
authors: Miguel M
authors: MM
authors: Gonçalves
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome