title: Salusin-β in paraventricular nucleus increases blood pressure and sympathetic outflow via vasopressin in hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Salusin-β is a bioactive peptide with peripheral hypotensive, mitogenic and pro-atherosclerotic effects. The present study was designed to determine the roles of salusin-β in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and its relationship with arginine vasopressin (AVP) in hypertension and sympathetic activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renovascular hypertension was induced by two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute experiments were carried out 4 weeks after 2K1C or sham-operation under urethane and alpha-chloralose anaesthesia. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Microinjection of salusin-β into the PVN increased the RSNA, MAP, and HR in a dose-related manner, whereas anti-salusin-β IgG in the PVN decreased the RSNA and MAP, and abolished the effects of salusin-β in 2K1C rats. However, either salusin-β or anti-salusin-β IgG in the PVN failed to cause any significant effects in sham-operated rats. The number of salusin-β-like immunopositive neurons in the PVN was significantly increased in 2K1C rats. Salusin-β in the PVN increased the plasma AVP and norepinephrine levels in 2K1C rats, but not in sham-operated rats. Iv injection of dTyr(CH2)5(Me)AVP (an AVP V1-receptor antagonist, AAVP) decreased RSNA and MAP, and abolished the effects of salusin-β in the PVN in 2K1C rats. Microinjection of AAVP into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), but not into the PVN, abolished the effects of salusin-β on RSNA and HR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salusin-β in the PVN increases blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic outflow via both circulating AVP and AVP in the RVLM in hypertensive rats.
authors: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors: Wei-Wei
authors: WW
authors: Chen
authors: Hai-Jian
authors: HJ
authors: Sun
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Zhang
authors: Ye-bo
authors: YB
authors: Zhou
authors: Xiao-Qing
authors: XQ
authors: Xiong
authors: Jue-Jin
authors: JJ
authors: Wang
authors: Guo-Qing
authors: GQ
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000008:administration & dosage; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006339:Heart Rate; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008845:Microinjections; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; C528274:salusin-beta, rat; D000804:Angiotensin II; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin
keywords: Hypertension; Paraventricular nucleus; Salusin; Sympathetic activity; Vasopressin