title: Long non-coding RNAs: challenges for diagnosis and therapies.
abstract: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as one of the largest and more diverse classes of cellular transcripts. The growing evidence suggests that lncRNAs are key regulatory molecules present at virtually every level of cellular physiology, and their alterations are associated with multiple human diseases. Here we provide a general overview of the known roles of lncRNAs in different diseases, as well as their imminent application as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We also discuss the challenges and possible strategies for these clinical applications. It is unquestionable that our knowledge of lncRNAs not only adds a new dimension to the molecular architecture of human disease, but also opens up a whole new range of opportunities for treatment.
authors: Center for Applied Medical Research, Division of Oncology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors: Yolanda
authors: Y
authors: Sánchez
authors: Maite
authors: M
authors: Huarte
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm
references: Nat Med. 2008 Jul;14(7):723-30
references: 18587408
references: Trends Cell Biol. 2011 Jun;21(6):354-61
references: 21550244
references: Genes Dev. 2008 Mar 15;22(6):756-69
references: 18347095
references: Nature. 2012 Sep 6;489(7414):101-8
references: 22955620
references: Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Jun;12(6):519, 593-600
references: 17310238
references: Annu Rev Biochem. 2012;81:145-66
references: 22663078
references: BMC Genomics. 2007 Aug 30;8:298
references: 17727735
references: Cancer Res. 2011 Jan 1;71(1):3-7
references: 21199792
references: J Nephrol. 2013 Jul-Aug;26(4):731-8
references: 23100179
references: Sci Signal. 2010 Feb 02;3(107):ra8
references: 20124551
references: Mol Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;13(1):36-64
references: 17912248
references: J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 24;280(25):24159-67
references: 15855153
references: Genome Res. 2011 Nov;21(11):1944-54
references: 21844124
references: Mol Cell. 2011 Sep 16;43(6):904-14
references: 21925379
references: Nat Rev Urol. 2011 Mar;8(3):123-4
references: 21394175
references: Carcinogenesis. 2002 Nov;23(11):1885-95
references: 12419837
references: mBio. 2010 Oct 26;1(5):
references: 20978541
references: Cell. 2010 Aug 6;142(3):409-19
references: 20673990
references: Mol Cancer. 2011 Nov 13;10:141
references: 22078386
references: Nat Rev Genet. 2009 Mar;10(3):155-9
references: 19188922
references: J Transl Med. 2009 Aug 06;7:69
references: 19656414
references: RNA Biol. 2012 Aug;9(8):1076-87
references: 22858678
references: Cancer Res. 2011 Oct 15;71(20):6320-6
references: 21862635
references: Nature. 2012 Feb 15;482(7385):339-46
references: 22337053
references: Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Nov 18;12(12):861-74
references: 22094949
references: J Hum Genet. 2006;51(12):1087-1099
references: 17066261
references: RNA Biol. 2012 Oct;9(10):1211-7
references: 23047063
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Jan;31(2):351-64
references: 21059868
references: Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):1071-6
references: 20393566
references: Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 May;18(5):1243-50
references: 21327457
references: Oncogene. 2007 Feb 8;26(6):851-8
references: 16878148
references: Nature. 2012 Nov 15;491(7424):454-7
references: 23064229
references: Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):993-8
references: 20393554
references: Neurobiol Dis. 2012 May;46(2):245-54
references: 22202438
references: Oral Oncol. 2011 Nov;47(11):1055-61
references: 21835683
references: Nat Genet. 2003 Jun;34(2):157-65
references: 12730694
references: FASEB J. 2007 Nov;21(13):3653-65
references: 17567565
references: Nature. 2012 Sep 6;489(7414):57-74
references: 22955616
references: Brain Res. 2008 Oct 3;1233:176-84
references: 18708037
references: Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Jan-Feb;44(1):25-33
references: 19280430
references: Nat Genet. 2011 Jun 05;43(7):621-9
references: 21642992
references: Stroke. 2012 Jan;43(1):14-21
references: 22034006
references: J Mol Neurosci. 2013 Mar;49(3):589-93
references: 22949041
references: PLoS One. 2008 Jan 23;3(1):e1486
references: 18213394
references: J Clin Invest. 2012 Nov;122(11):3990-4002
references: 23093776
references: Mol Cell. 2010 Sep 24;39(6):925-38
references: 20797886
references: BMC Mol Biol. 2009 Aug 11;10:81
references: 19671135
references: PLoS One. 2007 Sep 05;2(9):e845
references: 17786216
references: PLoS Comput Biol. 2008 Nov;4(11):e1000176
references: 19043537
references: Int J Oncol. 2012 Jun;40(6):2004-12
references: 22446686
references: PLoS Genet. 2010 Apr 08;6(4):e1000899
references: 20386740
references: Oncogene. 2003 Sep 11;22(39):8031-41
references: 12970751
references: Mol Cell. 2012 Aug 24;47(4):648-55
references: 22841487