title: A unifying ontology to integrate histological and clinical observations for drug-induced liver injury.
abstract: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) may present any morphologic characteristic of acute or chronic liver disease with no standardized terminology in place. Defining lexemes of DILI histopathology would allow the development of advanced knowledge discovery and data mining tools for across comparisons of publicly available information. For these purposes, a DILI ontology (DILIo) was developed by using the Unified Medical Language System tool and the standardized terminology of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT). The DILIo was entrained on findings of 114 US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs by extracting all clinically DILI-related histopathologic descriptions for 1082 liver biopsy samples, which were then analyzed using the Unified Medical Language System MetaMap and subsequently mapped to the SNOMED CT. The DILIo provides a standard means to describe and organize liver injury induced by drugs, enabling comparative analysis of drugs within and across histopathologic terms. The analysis showed that flutamide, troglitazone, diclofenac, isoniazid, and tamoxifen were reported to have the most diverse histopathologic observations in liver biopsy. Necrosis, cholestasis, fatty degeneration, fibrosis, infiltrate, and hepatic necrosis were the most frequent terms used as descriptors of histopathologic features of DILI. In conclusion, DILIo entrains different algorithms for an efficient meta-analysis of published findings for an improved understanding of mechanisms and clinical characteristics of DILI.
authors: Divisions of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA.
authors: Yuping
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Lin
authors: Zhichao
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Harris
authors: Reagan
authors: R
authors: Kelly
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Weigong
authors: W
authors: Ge
authors: Minjun
authors: M
authors: Chen
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Borlak
authors: Weida
authors: W
authors: Tong
mesh_terms: D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D011642:Publications; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013866:Thioguanine / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D013866:Thioguanine