title: Analysis of hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives in calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) berries by liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection.
abstract: Calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) is a Patagonian barberry very rich in anthocyanins and one of the fruits with the highest levels of these polyphenols. Other phenolic compounds have also been described in calafate berries. However, to the best of our knowledge there is no available information on hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The complexity of hydroxycinnamic acids determination in calafate berries, due to their structure similarities and the interference of high anthocyanin concentration is addressed by means of solid liquid extraction, followed by solid phase extraction clean-up on MCX columns and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The optimized extraction, clean-up and HPLC separation method allowed the assignation of identity and quantification of 20 hydroxycinnamic acids from calafate fruits. 5-Caffeoylquinic acid was the main compound found in all the studied samples. Other 13 hydroxycinnamoyl quinic acids and 6 caffeic acid esters with aldaric acid derivatives assigned as glucaric acid were also identified. Moreover, the glucaric-based hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives accounted for almost the half of total content of this kind of phenolic compounds. The total concentration of hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives ranged between 0.32±0.00 μmol/g and 8.28±0.01 μmol/g. Effect of ripening and geographical location on hydroxycinnamic acid profiles and concentrations are also evaluated. The methodology allows the determination of hydroxycinnamic acids from calafate despite of the high anthocyanin concentrations, showing a much higher concentration of these acids than other widely consumed berries. Thus suggesting that calafate could be considered a very interesting fruit from the point of view of their nutraceutical composition. However, geographical location and ripening have incidence in levels of studied compounds.
authors: Instrumental Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
authors: Antonieta
authors: A
authors: Ruiz
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Mardones
authors: Carola
authors: C
authors: Vergara
authors: Isidro
authors: I
authors: Hermosín-Gutiérrez
authors: Dietrich
authors: D
authors: von Baer
authors: Patricio
authors: P
authors: Hinrichsen
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Arribillaga
authors: Erwin
authors: E
authors: Dominguez
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry; D028142:Berberis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts