title: Activation of retinoid receptor-mediated signaling ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in Zucker diabetic rats.
abstract: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Retinoids, through activation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR), have been linked to control glucose and lipid homeostasis, with effects on obesity and diabetes. However, the functional role of RAR and RXR in the development of DCM remains unclear. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and lean rats were treated with Am580 (RARα agonist) or LGD1069 (RXR agonist) for 16 weeks, and cardiac function and metabolic alterations were determined. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance were observed in ZDF rats. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was characterized in ZDF rats by increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis, inflammation, activation of MAP kinases and NF-κB signaling and diminished Akt phosphorylation, along with decreased glucose transport and increased cardiac lipid accumulation, and ultimately diastolic dysfunction. Am580 and LGD1069 attenuated diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and the pathological alterations, by improving glucose tolerance and insulin resistance; facilitating Akt activation and glucose utilization, and attenuating oxidative stress and interrelated MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways. Am580 inhibited body weight gain, attenuated the increased cardiac fatty acid uptake, β-oxidation and lipid accumulation in the hearts of ZDF rats. However, LGD1069 promoted body weight gain, hyperlipidemia and cardiac lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our data suggest that activation of RAR and RXR may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the role of RAR and RXR in the regulation of lipid metabolism and homeostasis.
authors: Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.
authors: Rakeshwar S
authors: RS
authors: Guleria
authors: Amar B
authors: AB
authors: Singh
authors: Irina T
authors: IT
authors: Nizamutdinova
authors: Tatiana
authors: T
authors: Souslova
authors: Amin A
authors: AA
authors: Mohammad
authors: Jonathan A
authors: JA
authors: Kendall
authors: Kenneth M
authors: KM
authors: Baker
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077610:Bexarotene; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; C068073:Am 580; D003094:Collagen; D000077610:Bexarotene; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D005947:Glucose
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