title: Pulmonary surfactant protein D in first-line innate defence against influenza A virus infections.
abstract: Influenza A viruses (IAV) cause respiratory tract infections annually associated with excess mortality and morbidity. Nonspecific, innate immune mechanisms play a key role in protection against viral invasion at early stages of infection. A soluble protein present in mucosal secretions of the lung, surfactant protein D (SP-D), is an important component of this initial barrier that helps to prevent and limit IAV infections of the respiratory epithelium. This collagenous C-type lectin binds IAVs and thereby inhibits attachment and entry of the virus but also contributes to enhanced clearance of SP-D-opsonized virus via interactions with phagocytic cells. In addition, SP-D modulates the inflammatory response and helps to maintain a balance between effective neutralization/killing of IAV, and protection against alveolar damage resulting from IAV-induced excessive inflammatory responses. The mechanisms of interaction between SP-D and IAV not only depend on the structure and binding properties of SP-D but also on strain-specific features of IAV, and both issues will be discussed. SP-D from pigs exhibits distinct anti-IAV properties and is discussed in more detail. Finally, the potential of SP-D as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic antiviral agent to protect humans against infections by IAV is discussed.
authors: Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Marine L B
authors: ML
authors: Hillaire
authors: Henk P
authors: HP
authors: Haagsman
authors: Albert D M E
authors: AD
authors: Osterhaus
authors: Guus F
authors: GF
authors: Rimmelzwaan
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: van Eijk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D
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