title: Effects of high-protein versus high-carbohydrate diets on markers of β-cell function, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines, and adipokines in obese, premenopausal women without diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of high-protein versus high-carbohydrate diets on various metabolic end points (glucoregulation, oxidative stress [dichlorofluorescein], lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde], proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6], adipokines, and resting energy expenditure [REE]) with high protein-low carbohydrate (HP) and high carbohydrate-low protein (HC) diets at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited obese, premenopausal women aged 20-50 years with no diabetes or prediabetes who were randomized to HC (55% carbohydrates, 30% fat, and 15% protein) or HP (40% carbohydrates, 30% fat, and 30% protein) diets for 6 months. The diets were provided in prepackaged food, which provided 500 kcal restrictions per day. The above metabolic end points were measured with HP and HC diet at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6 months of the HP versus HC diet (12 in each group), the following changes were significantly different by Wilcoxon rank sum test for the following parameters: dichlorofluorescein (-0.8 vs. -0.3 µmol/L, P < 0.0001), malondialdehyde (-0.4 vs. -0.2 μmol/L, P = 0.0004), C-reactive protein (-2.1 vs. -0.8 mg/L, P = 0.0003), E-selectin (-8.6 vs. -3.7 ng/mL, P = 0.0007), adiponectin (1,284 vs. 504 ng/mL, P = 0.0011), tumor necrosis factor-α (-1.8 vs. -0.9 pg/mL, P < 0.0001), IL-6 (-1.3 vs. -0.4 pg/mL, P < 0.0001), free fatty acid (-0.12 vs. 0.16 mmol/L, P = 0.0002), REE (259 vs. 26 kcal, P < 0.0001), insulin sensitivity (4 vs. 0.9, P < 0.0001), and β-cell function (7.4 vs. 2.1, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report on the significant advantages of a 6-month hypocaloric HP diet versus hypocaloric HC diet on markers of β-cell function, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines, and adipokines in normal, obese females without diabetes.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. akitabch@uthsc.edu
authors: Abbas E
authors: AE
authors: Kitabchi
authors: Kristin A
authors: KA
authors: McDaniel
authors: Jim Y
authors: JY
authors: Wan
authors: Frances A
authors: FA
authors: Tylavsky
authors: Crystal A
authors: CA
authors: Jacovino
authors: Chris W
authors: CW
authors: Sands
authors: Ebenezer A
authors: EA
authors: Nyenwe
authors: Frankie B
authors: FB
authors: Stentz
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D017697:Premenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D016207:Cytokines; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins
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