title: Looking for predictive factors of clinical response to adsorptive granulocyte and monocyte apheresis in patients with ulcerative colitis: markers of response to GMA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adsorptive granulocyte and monocyte apheresis (GMA) with an Adacolumn in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) has been applied as a non-pharmacological treatment strategy, but the efficacy has been encouraging as well as discouraging, depending on patients' demography at entry. In this study, we looked for predictive factors for clinical response to GMA in patients with UC.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective setting, 43 outpatients who had been treated with GMA for active UC were evaluated. Patients were divided into remission group and non-remission group based on Lichtiger's clinical activity index (CAI) before and after 10, once a week GMA sessions. The efficacy was analysed in relation to patients' demographic variables. To determine predictive factors that closely related to the response to GMA, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 10 GMA sessions, the overall clinical remission rate (CAI < 4) was 53.5%. Multiple logistic regression and ROC analyses showed that the interval between relapse and the first GMA session was a significant and independent predictive factor for clinical response to GMA (P = 0.016); the clinical response was better in patients who received GMA immediately after a relapse and vice versa. Likewise, univariate analyses showed that, the duration of UC (P = 0.036) and the cumulative prednisolone (PSL) dose (P = 0.006) before the first GMA session were significantly greater in the GMA non-responder group as compared with the responder group. Additionally, a lower white blood cell (WBC) count at first GMA session was related to clinical response to GMA (P = 0.032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, patients with a short duration of UC and low cumulative PSL dose seemed to respond well to GMA. However, we found that the best responders were patients who received GMA immediately after a clinical relapse. Additionally, GMA was effective in patients with low WBC count at the first GMA session. The findings of this study should spare medical cost and reduce morbidity time for many patients, relevant for decision making in clinical settings.
authors: Division of Lower Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan. yoko0502@hyo-med.ac.jp
authors: Yoko
authors: Y
authors: Yokoyama
authors: Mikio
authors: M
authors: Kawai
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Fukunaga
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Kamikozuru
authors: Kazuko
authors: K
authors: Nagase
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Nogami
authors: Tomoaki
authors: T
authors: Kono
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Ohda
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Iimuro
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Hida
authors: Shiro
authors: S
authors: Nakamura
authors: Hiroto
authors: H
authors: Miwa
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000379:methods*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
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