title: Diagnostic and therapeutic advances in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a focus on hematopoietic cell transplantation.
abstract: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an exceedingly rare disorder categorized under acute myeloid leukemia by the World Health Organization. Phenotypically, malignant cells coexpress CD4(+) and CD56(+) without coexpressing common lymphoid or myeloid lineage markers. BPDCN frequently expresses CD123, TCL1, BDCA-2, and CD2AP. Restriction of CD2AP expression to plasmacytoid dendritic cells makes it a useful tool to help confirm diagnosis. Clonal complex chromosome aberrations are described in two-thirds of cases. Eighty percent of BPDCN cases present with nonspecific dermatological manifestations, prompting inclusion in the differential diagnosis of atypical skin rashes refractory to standard treatment. Prognosis is poor, with a median survival of less than 18 months. No prospective randomized data exist to define the most optimal frontline chemotherapy. Current practice considers acute myeloid leukemia-like or acute lymphoblastic leukemia-like regimens acceptable for induction treatment. Unfortunately, responses are short-lived, with second remissions difficult to achieve, underscoring the need to consider hematopoietic cell transplantation early in the disease course. Allografting, especially if offered in first remission, can result in long-term remissions. Preclinical data suggest a potential role for immunomodulatory agents in BPCDN. However, further research efforts are needed to better understand BPDCN biology and to establish evidence-based treatment algorithms that might ultimately improve overall prognosis of this disease.
authors: Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. Mohamed.Kharfan-Dabaja@Moffitt.org
authors: Mohamed A
authors: MA
authors: Kharfan-Dabaja
authors: Hillard M
authors: HM
authors: Lazarus
authors: Taiga
authors: T
authors: Nishihori
authors: Rami A
authors: RA
authors: Mahfouz
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Hamadani
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005076:Exanthema / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C114545:CD2-associated protein; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors