title: The ectomycorrhizal fungal community in a neotropical forest dominated by the endemic dipterocarp Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea.
abstract: Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants and fungi can be diverse and abundant in certain tropical ecosystems. For example, the primarily paleotropical ECM plant family Dipterocarpaceae is one of the most speciose and ecologically important tree families in Southeast Asia. Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea is one of two species of dipterocarp known from the Neotropics, and is also the only known member of the monotypic Dipterocarpaceae subfamily Pakaraimoideae. This Guiana Shield endemic is only known from the sandstone highlands of Guyana and Venezuela. Despite its unique phylogenetic position and unusual geographical distribution, the ECM fungal associations of P. dipterocarpacea are understudied throughout the tree's range. In December 2010 we sampled ECM fungi on roots of P. dipterocarpacea and the co-occurring ECM tree Dicymbe jenmanii (Fabaceae subfamily Caesalpinioideae) in the Upper Mazaruni River Basin of Guyana. Based on ITS rDNA sequencing we documented 52 ECM species from 11 independent fungal lineages. Due to the phylogenetic distance between the two host tree species, we hypothesized that P. dipterocarpacea would harbor unique ECM fungi not found on the roots of D. jenmanii. Although statistical tests suggested that several ECM fungal species did exhibit host preferences for either P. dipterocarpacea or D. jenmanii, most of the ECM fungi were multi-host generalists. We also detected several ECM fungi that have never been found in long-term studies of nearby rainforests dominated by other Dicymbe species. One particular mushroom-forming fungus appears to be unique and may represent a new ECM lineage of Agaricales that is endemic to the Neotropics.
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America. trufflesmith@ufl.edu
authors: Matthew E
authors: ME
authors: Smith
authors: Terry W
authors: TW
authors: Henkel
authors: Jessie K
authors: JK
authors: Uehling
authors: Alexander K
authors: AK
authors: Fremier
authors: H David
authors: HD
authors: Clarke
authors: Rytas
authors: R
authors: Vilgalys
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D058448:Biota; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D053958:Dipterocarpaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D006172:Guyana; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D013559:Symbiosis; D014329:Tropical Climate
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 10;106(10):3853-8
references: 19223592
references: New Phytol. 2006;172(4):589-91
references: 17096784
references: New Phytol. 2010 Jan;185(2):351-4
references: 20088976
references: Am J Bot. 1999 Aug;86(8):1182-90
references: 10449398
references: Mol Ecol. 1993 Apr;2(2):113-8
references: 8180733
references: Mycorrhiza. 2006 Nov;16(8):559-565
references: 17033816
references: New Phytol. 2006;172(4):753-62
references: 17096800
references: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2002 Jun;23(3):357-400
references: 12099793
references: Mycorrhiza. 2010 Apr;20(4):217-63
references: 20191371
references: Mycorrhiza. 2006 Jul;16(5):299-363
references: 16845554
references: Persoonia. 2009 Dec;23:147-76
references: 20198166
references: New Phytol. 2010 Jan;185(2):529-42
references: 19878464
references: ISME J. 2010 Apr;4(4):465-71
references: 19956273
references: J Bacteriol. 1990 Aug;172(8):4238-46
references: 2376561
references: New Phytol. 2007;174(2):430-440
references: 17388905
references: Environ Microbiol. 2010 Aug;12(8):2219-32
references: 21966915
references: Mycologia. 2006 Nov-Dec;98(6):982-95
references: 17486974
references: New Phytol. 2007;175(2):321-333
references: 17587380
references: New Phytol. 2011 Nov;192(3):699-712
references: 21883231
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Oct;66(10):4356-60
references: 11010882
references: FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2009 Aug;69(2):274-87
references: 19508503
references: Mol Ecol. 2011 Jul;20(14):3071-80
references: 21645161
references: New Phytol. 2009;182(2):295-299
references: 19302178
references: FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2004 Aug 1;49(2):319-32
references: 19712424