title: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of resistant bacterial strains by indocyanine green and 809-nm diode laser.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research aimed to investigate the bactericidal effect of indocyanine green (ICG) with 809-diode laser on wild type and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ICG and 809 nm combination can be a powerful tool for the treatment of wound-infecting, antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of ICG and 809 nm laser light on wild type and resistant strains of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was examined in vitro. ICG concentrations and laser doses were initially optimized for wild type S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. After determining the most effective ICG concentrations with specified light dose, they were applied on resistant strains. Viable bacterial cells were counted by serial dilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with ICG was totally efficient to kill all of these bacterial strains, and light/ICG alone did not cause any lethal effect on any of the strains. Optimum ICG laser doses varied with respect to the bacteria type: 84 J/cm(2) of light dose with 6 μg/mL of ICG concentration caused more than 95% killing of wild type S. aureus strains. The same bactericidal effect was achieved with a lower amount of ICG (4 μg/mL) on resistant strain S. aureus. Optimum parameters for 99% killing of wild type P. aeruginosa were 125 μg/mL ICG and 252 J/cm(2) of light dose. Similarly, their bactericidal effect was stronger on resistant strain; 100 μg/mL ICG with 252 J/cm(2) was enough to cause a 99% decrease in viable cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of ICG and 809 nm laser light was found as an effective antibacterial method to destroy antibiotic-resistant strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
authors: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey. nermin.topaloglu@boun.edu.tr
authors: Nermin
authors: N
authors: Topaloglu
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Gulsoy
authors: Sahru
authors: S
authors: Yuksel
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green