title: Assessment of serum myokines and markers of inflammation associated with exercise in endurance racing sled dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endurance sled dog is the ultimate endurance athlete in which to examine the exercise-associated acute phase and myokine responses that might be related to changes in muscle metabolism and damage. An inciting cause for increased C-reactive protein has yet to be elucidated, which might involve interleukin-6 and other myokines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-15 (IL-15), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and markers of the inflammatory response of exercise; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) before, during, and after an endurance racing event.
  
  
  METHODS
  26 sled dogs completing a 1650-km race.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, cephalic venipuncture was performed before racing, at the midpoint, and after racing. Body weight and serum CRP, MCP-1, IL-15, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbance-based assays or a luminex multiplex assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in concentrations of IL-6, IL-15, IL-8, or TNF-α at the 3 time points, whereas there were significant increases in MCP-1 (median and range-start: 86 pg/mL [30-1845]; midpoint: 179 pg/mL [53-730]; finish: 180 pg/mL [21-1294]; P < .01) and CRP (median and range-start: 18 μg/mL [11-58]; midpoint: 76 μg/mL [12-198]; finish: 60 μg/mL [12-170]; P < .01) at the midpoint and race finish. There was a significant linear relationship between MCP-1 and IL-6 (R = 0.68; P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inflammatory response to exercise increases as measured by MCP-1 during and after endurance exercise in sled dogs. IL-6 appears to be associated with MCP-1; however, the reasons for increases in the acute phase response (CRP) cannot be attributed to IL-6 or other myokines. IL-6 and MCP-1 concentrations might be useful in future investigations of exertional rhabdomyolysis.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Yazwinski
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Milizio
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Wakshlag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein