title: Hepatocyte growth factor and interferon-γ inducible protein-10 are related to visceral adiposity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased production of chemokines by adipose tissue and defective adipose tissue oxygenation as a result of obesity may induce leucocyte infiltration and subsequent systemic inflammation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  1-To determine the relation between the amount of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and the chemokine interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and angiogenic factor hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). 2-To determine the relation between the metabolic syndrome and IP-10 as well as HGF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients originated from the Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) cohort. In this study, a cohort of 1251 patients with manifest vascular disease was included. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue thickness (SAT and VAT respectively) were measured ultrasonographically. IP-10 and HGF concentrations were measured with Luminex multiplex immuno assay in addition to fasting metabolic parameters. Linear regression analyses with adjustments for age, gender, smoking, estimated glomerular filtration rate, type 2 diabetes mellitus and medication use were applied to quantify the relations between adiposity or metabolic syndrome and IP-10 and HGF concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VAT was significantly associated with (log)IP-10 and (log)HGF, reflected by significant higher β-values in VAT quartile 4 compared with VAT quartile 1 (reference): β0.155 (95%CI:0.073-0.237) for IP-10 and β0.147 (95%CI:0.076-0.218) for HGF. Per standard deviation increase in VAT, (log)IP-10 levels increased with 0.057 pg/mL (95%CI:0.027-0.087) and (log)HGF increased with 0.051 pg/mL (95%CI:0.025-0.077). Effect estimates were not affected by including body mass index(BMI) in the model. In contrast, SAT was not associated with IP-10 and HGF. Furthermore, the presence of the metabolic syndrome was associated with IP-10 and HGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visceral adipose tissue but not subcutaneous adipose tissue is significantly associated with circulating levels of IP-10 and HGF, irrespective of BMI.
authors: Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Daniël R
authors: DR
authors: Faber
authors: Yolanda
authors: Y
authors: van der Graaf
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Westerink
authors: Danny A
authors: DA
authors: Kanhai
authors: Houshang
authors: H
authors: Monajemi
authors: Frank L J
authors: FL
authors: Visseren
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor