title: Tale of a tegument transactivator: the past, present and future of human CMV pp71.
abstract: Herpesviruses assemble large virions capable of delivering to a newly infected cell not only the viral genome, but also viral proteins packaged within the tegument layer between the DNA-containing capsid and the lipid envelope. In this review, we describe the tegument transactivator of the β-herpesvirus human CMV, the pp71 protein. We present the known mechanistic features through which it activates viral gene expression during a lytic infection but fails to do so when the virus establishes latency, and describe how pp71 stimulates the cell cycle and may help infected cells avoid detection by the adaptive immune system. A historical overview of pp71 is extended with current perceptions of its roles during human CMV infections and suggestions for future avenues of experimentation.
authors: Institute for Molecular Virology & McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors: Rhiannon R
authors: RR
authors: Penkert
authors: Robert F
authors: RF
authors: Kalejta
references: J Gen Virol. 2012 Apr;93(Pt 4):722-732
references: 22238232
references: J Virol. 1999 Feb;73(2):863-70
references: 9882286
references: Cell Microbiol. 2012 May;14(5):644-55
references: 22329758
references: J Clin Invest. 2011 May;121(5):1673-80
references: 21659716
references: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Jan;3(1):11-20
references: 11823794
references: J Virol. 2010 Sep;84(17):8495-508
references: 20504934
references: J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 8;281(49):37652-60
references: 17035242
references: Genes Dev. 1999 Aug 1;13(15):1918-23
references: 10444590
references: J Virol. 2008 Dec;82(24):12543-54
references: 18922870
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Dec;1816(2):147-57
references: 21664948
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jun 12;109(24):9575-80
references: 22645331
references: J Virol. 1992 Jul;66(7):4434-44
references: 1318413
references: J Virol. 2004 Sep;78(17):9512-23
references: 15308743
references: J Virol. 1986 Sep;59(3):714-27
references: 3016333
references: Virology. 2007 Oct 25;367(2):334-8
references: 17590404
references: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;325:1-19
references: 18637497
references: J Gen Virol. 2005 Nov;86(Pt 11):2949-2954
references: 16227215
references: J Virol. 1985 Aug;55(2):431-41
references: 2991567
references: Eur J Biochem. 2000 Jun;267(12):3712-22
references: 10848989
references: Virus Res. 2011 May;157(2):193-203
references: 21036194
references: J Virol. 2012 Jan;86(2):806-20
references: 22072767
references: J Immunol. 2010 Dec 15;185(12):7605-13
references: 21059895
references: Future Microbiol. 2010 Jun;5(6):883-900
references: 20521934
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Mar 21;1471(3):M123-33
references: 11250068
references: J Gen Virol. 2011 Dec;92(Pt 12):2757-2769
references: 21832009
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Dec 6;108(49):19755-60
references: 22109557
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Nov 11;11(12):823-36
references: 22076556
references: J Virol. 1999 Oct;73(10):8320-9
references: 10482582
references: Science. 2008 May 9;320(5877):797-9
references: 18467589
references: J Virol. 1995 Oct;69(10):5959-68
references: 7666500
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Mar 18;100(6):3263-8
references: 12626766
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Mar-Apr;1799(3-4):286-95
references: 19682613
references: J Virol. 2006 Jan;80(2):951-63
references: 16378997
references: J Gen Virol. 2007 Nov;88(Pt 11):2935-2940
references: 17947514
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 16;96(6):3120-5
references: 10077647
references: PLoS One. 2011 Apr 01;6(4):e17796
references: 21483780
references: Virus Res. 2011 May;157(2):128-33
references: 20934469
references: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1990;154:125-69
references: 2161319
references: Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2012 Feb;Chapter 14:Unit14E.4
references: 22307551
references: J Virol. 1987 Feb;61(2):446-53
references: 3027374
references: Virology. 1984 Apr 15;134(1):91-102
references: 6324477
references: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;325:333-59
references: 18637515
references: Arch Virol. 2011 Oct;156(10):1847-51
references: 21625978
references: J Virol. 2006 Jun;80(12):6188-91
references: 16731959
references: Exp Cell Res. 1999 Apr 10;248(1):322-8
references: 10094838
references: J Virol. 2009 Jul;83(13):6591-8
references: 19369322
references: J Virol. 1985 Oct;56(1):135-43
references: 2993644
references: Cell Div. 2009 Jan 15;4:1
references: 19146698
references: J Virol. 1999 Oct;73(10):8512-8
references: 10482604
references: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009 May;10(5):319-31
references: 19352404
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Dec 19;97(26):14506-11
references: 11121054
references: J Virol. 2008 Jan;82(1):126-37
references: 17942542
references: J Virol. 2000 Jan;74(2):975-86
references: 10623760
references: Virology. 1999 Sep 1;261(2):155-64
references: 10497101
references: J Virol. 2010 Jun;84(11):5594-604
references: 20335255
references: Annu Rev Immunol. 2008;26:389-420
references: 18304003
references: J Virol. 2002 Aug;76(15):7705-12
references: 12097584
references: J Virol. 2010 Oct;84(19):9853-63
references: 20686028
references: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;325:297-313
references: 18637513
references: J Virol. 2007 Sep;81(17):9109-20
references: 17596307
references: J Virol. 1996 Apr;70(4):2086-94
references: 8642628
references: Bioinformatics. 2005 Aug 15;21(16):3448-9
references: 15972284
references: Virology. 1975 Aug;66(2):464-73
references: 168685
references: Virology. 1983 Oct 15;130(1):118-33
references: 6314643
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 31;95(7):3937-42
references: 9520471
references: J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7792-802
references: 15919932
references: J Virol. 2011 Jan;85(1):440-7
references: 20962080
references: EMBO J. 1999 Jan 15;18(2):480-9
references: 9889203
references: J Virol. 2006 Apr;80(8):3863-71
references: 16571803
references: PLoS Pathog. 2009 Mar;5(3):e1000352
references: 19325890
references: J Gen Virol. 1996 Dec;77 ( Pt 12):3087-97
references: 9000101
references: J Gen Virol. 2002 Jul;83(Pt 7):1601-1612
references: 12075078
references: Oncogene. 1998 Dec 24;17(25):3365-83
references: 9916999
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Aug 10;107(32):14075-80
references: 20651253
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):14976-81
references: 14657367
references: Virus Res. 2011 May;157(2):161-74
references: 20933556
references: J Biol Chem. 2011 Jun 3;286(22):19576-88
references: 21482821
references: Cytometry. 1997 Dec 1;29(4):286-91
references: 9415410
references: Blood. 1996 Dec 15;88(12):4526-33
references: 8977244
references: J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(17):11022-34
references: 16103153
references: Blood. 1992 Jul 1;80(1):170-8
references: 1377049
references: Front Biosci. 2002 Jan 01;7:d295-306
references: 11779699
references: J Virol. 2002 Jun;76(11):5769-83
references: 11992005
references: Virology. 1984 Jan 30;132(2):325-38
references: 6322416
references: J Virol. 2005 Oct;79(20):12880-92
references: 16188990
references: J Gen Virol. 2006 May;87(Pt 5):1113-1121
references: 16603511
references: J Virol. 2005 Jan;79(1):525-35
references: 15596845
references: Blood. 2004 Aug 1;104(3):687-95
references: 15090458
references: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2008 Jun;72(2):249-65, table of contents
references: 18535146
references: Apoptosis. 2000 Jun;5(3):217-20
references: 11225842
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Mar;23(6):1885-95
references: 12612064
references: Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):268-71
references: 18845757
references: J Gen Virol. 1996 Dec;77 ( Pt 12):3099-102
references: 9000102
references: J Virol. 1997 Jun;71(6):4400-8
references: 9151830
references: J Virol. 2011 Jun;85(12):5864-79
references: 21471245
references: J Virol. 2003 Mar;77(6):3451-9
references: 12610120
references: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;325:101-15
references: 18637502
references: Virology. 2008 Jun 20;376(1):42-52
references: 18423509
references: Herpesviridae. 2011 Feb 08;2(1):3
references: 21429246
references: Nature. 2008 Aug 7;454(7205):780-3
references: 18596690
references: Immunol Res. 2012 Dec;54(1-3):140-51
references: 22454101
references: J Gen Virol. 2010 Mar;91(Pt 3):599-604
references: 19906945