title: Modulation of antioxidant and detoxifying capacity in fish Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) after treatment with nanocapsules containing lipoic acid.
abstract: Lipoic acid (LA) is a water- and lipid-soluble molecule with capacity to pass through cell membranes and with several antioxidant properties. Previous studies have shown that polymeric nanocapsules with LA favor the protection of this antioxidant, increasing their physical and chemical stability compared to formulations containing free LA. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of free LA and LA-nanocapsules on antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and a by-product of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), as well as the expression of gene coding for different forms of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in model fish. For this, carp Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) were exposed (i.p.) to different forms of LA (free and in nanocapsules) for different times (48h, 96h and 1week) and the brain, liver and muscle were analyzed. Results indicated that the organs respond differently depending on the time and form in which LA was delivered. After 96h and 1week, a better antioxidant response was found generally in the formulation with nanocapsules. The nanocapsule composition showed to be a factor to be considered in future studies, because in some organs and exposure times empty nanocapsules promoted an antioxidant effect and in others a pro-oxidant effect.
authors: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
authors: Márcia
authors: M
authors: Longaray-Garcia
authors: Juliana Artigas
authors: JA
authors: Flores
authors: Irene Clemes
authors: IC
authors: Külkamp-Guerreiro
authors: Sílvia Stanisçuaski
authors: SS
authors: Guterres
authors: Talita Carneiro Brandão
authors: TC
authors: Pereira
authors: Maurício Reis
authors: MR
authors: Bogo
authors: José Maria
authors: JM
authors: Monserrat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D053769:Nanocapsules; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione