title: Genotoxicity in gingival cells of patients undergoing tooth restoration with two different dental composite materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dental composite materials come into direct contact with oral tissue, especially gingival cells. This study was performed to evaluate possible DNA damage to gingival cells exposed to resin composite dental materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Class V restorations were placed in 30 adult patients using two different composite resins. The epithelial cells of the gingival area along the composite restoration were sampled prior to and after 7, 30, and 180 days following the restoration of the tooth. DNA damage was analysed by comet and micronucleus assays in gingival exfoliated epithelial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed significantly higher comet assay parameters (tail length and % DNA in the tail) within periods of 30 and 180 days. The micronucleus test for the same exposure time demonstrated a higher number of cells with micronuclei, karyolysis, and nuclear buds. Results did not reveal any difference between the two composite materials for the same duration of exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results, we can conclude that the use of composite resins causes cellular damage. As dental composite resins remain in intimate contact with oral tissue over a long period of time, further research on their possible genotoxicity is advisable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term exposure of gingival cells to two different composite materials demonstrated certain DNA damage. However, considering the significant decline in micronuclei frequency after 180 days and efficiency in the repair of primary DNA damage, the observed effects could not be indicated as biologically relevant.
authors: Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21 000, Split, Croatia, atadin@mefst.hr.
authors: Antonija
authors: A
authors: Tadin
authors: Nada
authors: N
authors: Galic
authors: Marin
authors: M
authors: Mladinic
authors: Danijela
authors: D
authors: Marovic
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Kovacic
authors: Davor
authors: D
authors: Zeljezic
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D020552:Comet Assay / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004249:DNA Damage; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C029012:Composite Dental Resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D011140:Polyurethanes
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