title: Retinoic acid hypersensitivity promotes peripheral tolerance in recent thymic emigrants.
abstract: Whereas thymic education eliminates most self-reactive T cells, additional mechanisms to promote tolerance in the periphery are critical to prevent excessive immune responses against benign environmental Ags and some self-Ags. In this study we show that murine CD4(+) recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) are programmed to facilitate tolerance in the periphery. Both in vitro and in vivo, naive RTEs more readily upregulate Foxp3 than do mature naive cells after stimulation under tolerogenic conditions. In RTEs, a relatively high sensitivity to retinoic acid contributes to decreased IFN-γ production, permitting the expression of Foxp3. Conversely, mature naive CD4 cells have a lower sensitivity to retinoic acid, resulting in increased IFN-γ production and subsequent IFN-γ-mediated silencing of Foxp3 expression. Enhanced retinoic acid signaling and Foxp3 induction in RTEs upon Ag encounter in the periphery may serve as form of secondary education that complements thymic education and helps avoid inappropriate immune responses. This mechanism for tolerance may be particularly important in settings where RTEs comprise a large fraction of the peripheral T cell pool, such as in newborns or after umbilical cord blood transplant.
authors: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
authors: Suniti
authors: S
authors: Bhaumik
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Giffon
authors: Derek
authors: D
authors: Bolinger
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Kirkman
authors: David B
authors: DB
authors: Lewis
authors: Casey T
authors: CT
authors: Weaver
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Randolph
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D014212:Tretinoin; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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