title: Serum inflammatory markers and preeclampsia in type 1 diabetes: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been associated with the immunobiology of preeclampsia (PE), a significant cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of PE is elevated several fold in the presence of maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although cross-sectional studies of pregnancies among women without diabetes have shown altered inflammatory markers in the presence of PE, longitudinal studies of diabetic women are lacking. In maternal serum samples, we examined the temporal associations of markers of inflammation with the subsequent development of PE in women with T1DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted longitudinal analyses of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), adhesion molecules, and cytokines during the first (mean ± SD, 12.2 ± 1.9 weeks), second (21.6 ± 1.5 weeks), and third (31.5 ± 1.7 weeks) trimesters of pregnancy (visits 1-3, respectively). All study visits took place before the onset of PE. Covariates were BMI, HbA1c, age of onset, duration of diabetes, and mean arterial pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women with T1DM who developed PE versus those who remained normotensive, CRP tended to be higher at visits 1 (P = 0.07) and 2 (P = 0.06) and was significantly higher at visit 3 (P < 0.05); soluble E-selectin and interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) were significantly higher at visit 3; interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and eotaxin were higher and lower, respectively, at visit 2 (all P < 0.05). These conclusions persisted following adjustment for covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In pregnant women with T1DM, elevated CRP, soluble E-selectin, IL-1ra, and IP-10 and lower eotaxin were associated with subsequent PE. The role of inflammatory factors as markers and potential mechanisms of the high prevalence of PE in T1DM merits further investigation.
authors: Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
authors: Mei
authors: M
authors: Du
authors: Arpita
authors: A
authors: Basu
authors: Dongxu
authors: D
authors: Fu
authors: Mingyuan
authors: M
authors: Wu
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Centola
authors: Alicia J
authors: AJ
authors: Jenkins
authors: Kristian F
authors: KF
authors: Hanssen
authors: Satish K
authors: SK
authors: Garg
authors: Samar M
authors: SM
authors: Hammad
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Scardo
authors: Christopher E
authors: CE
authors: Aston
authors: Timothy J
authors: TJ
authors: Lyons
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019040:E-Selectin; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
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