title: Manganese neurotoxicity and the role of reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Manganese (Mn) is an essential dietary nutrient, but an excess or accumulation can be toxic. Disease states, such as manganism, are associated with overexposure or accumulation of Mn and are due to the production of reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and toxic metabolites; alteration of mitochondrial function and ATP production; and depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. This review focuses on all of the preceding mechanisms and the scientific studies that support them as well as providing an overview of the absorption, distribution, and excretion of Mn and the stability and transport of Mn compounds in the body.
authors: Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
authors: Ebany J
authors: EJ
authors: Martinez-Finley
authors: Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
authors: Claire E
authors: CE
authors: Gavin
authors: Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; The Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA. Electronic address: michael.aschner@vanderbilt.edu.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Aschner
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Electronic address: thomas_gunter@urmc.rochester.edu.
authors: Thomas E
authors: TE
authors: Gunter
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020149:Manganese Poisoning; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008345:Manganese; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: DA autoxidation; Free radicals; Manganese; Manganism; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Reactive oxygen species
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