title: Characterization of particulate matter and its related metal toxicity in an urban location in South West India.
abstract: This study reports the quantification of the toxicity of particulate matter (PM)-bound metals and their possible associated risks to human health. For assessment of PM, 24-h samples of PM(10) and PM2.5 were collected by Mini Vol-TAS sampler at an urban site of Pune. Samples were sequentially extracted with ultrapure water and concentrated HNO3 and analyzed for "soluble" and "total" metals. Factor analysis identified the resuspension of road dust due to traffic, biomass burning, construction activities, and wind-blown dust as possible sources that played an important role for overall pollution throughout the year. Water-soluble proportion was found to be ≤ 20 % for Cr, Co, Fe, and Al; ≥ 50 % for Sr, Cd, Ca, and Zn; and a substantial proportion (~25-45 %) for Mn, Ba, K, Na, Ni, Mg, Cu, and Pb metals in PM(10). For PM2.5, the water-soluble proportion was ≤ 20 % for Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, and Al, while Sr, K, and Cd were mostly soluble (> 50 %) and Cu, Ba, Mn, Ca, Zn, Pb, Na, and Mg were substantially soluble (~25-45 %). In the present study, among the toxic metals, Cd and Pb show higher concentration in the soluble fraction and thus represent the higher bioavailability index and especially are harmful to the environment and exposed person. Risk calculations with a simple exposure assessment method showed that the cancer risks of the bioavailable fractions of Cr, Cd and Ni were greater than the standard goal.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune 411 007, India.
authors: Suman
authors: S
authors: Yadav
authors: P Gursumeeran
authors: PG
authors: Satsangi
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter
references: Am J Physiol. 1999 Nov;277(5):L960-7
references: 10564181
references: Environ Int. 2000 Aug;26(1-2):49-54
references: 11345737
references: J Air Pollut Control Assoc. 1973 Oct;23(10):853-7
references: 4746266
references: J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1996 Oct;46(10):927-939
references: 28065142
references: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2005 Jan;381(2):302-16
references: 15517199
references: Environ Monit Assess. 1996 May;40(3):253-9
references: 24198155
references: N Engl J Med. 1993 Dec 9;329(24):1753-9
references: 8179653
references: Chemosphere. 2005 Apr;59(2):217-26
references: 15722093
references: Chemosphere. 2005 Apr;59(5):669-78
references: 15792664
references: Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2004 Sep;207(4):399-407
references: 15471105
references: J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1999 Feb;49(2):146-155
references: 28085651
references: Environ Monit Assess. 2001 Jan;66(1):47-61
references: 11214447
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Feb 1;38(3):732-7
references: 14968857
references: Chemosphere. 2002 Dec;49(9):1093-136
references: 12492167
references: Environ Monit Assess. 2004 Jan;90(1-3):1-21
references: 15887360
references: Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Sep;105 Suppl 5:1053-60
references: 9400700
references: Environ Monit Assess. 2006 Jun;117(1-3):291-305
references: 16917714
references: Chemosphere. 2004 Feb;54(8):1171-81
references: 14664846
references: Chemosphere. 2009 Aug;76(8):1120-9
references: 19443015
references: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Jul 15;166(2):111-9
references: 10896852
references: J Environ Manage. 2006 Jan;78(2):128-37
references: 16120474
references: Sci Total Environ. 2009 Dec 1;407(24):6196-204
references: 19793609
references: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Jul 15;166(2):101-10
references: 10896851
references: J Toxicol Environ Health. 1997 Feb 21;50(3):285-305
references: 9055877
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Jan 1;40(1):135-41
references: 16433343
references: Environ Monit Assess. 2006 Sep;120(1-3):347-60
references: 16741802
references: Carcinogenesis. 1994 Nov;15(11):2475-8
references: 7955094