title: Siblings versus parents and friends: longitudinal linkages to adolescent externalizing problems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well documented that friends' externalizing problems and negative parent-child interactions predict externalizing problems in adolescence, but relatively little is known about the role of siblings. This four-wave, multi-informant study investigated linkages of siblings' externalizing problems and sibling-adolescent negative interactions on adolescents' externalizing problems, while examining and controlling for similar linkages with friends and parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire data on externalizing problems and negative interactions were annually collected from 497 Dutch adolescents (M = 13.03 years, SD = 0.52, at baseline), as well as their siblings, mothers, fathers, and friends.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed modest unique longitudinal paths from sibling externalizing problems to adolescent externalizing problems, for male and female adolescents, and for same-sex and mixed-sex sibling dyads, but only from older to younger siblings. Moreover, these paths were above and beyond significant paths from mother-adolescent negative interaction and friend externalizing problems to adolescent externalizing problems, 1 year later. No cross-lagged paths existed between sibling-adolescent negative interaction and adolescent externalizing problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, it appears that especially older sibling externalizing problems may be a unique social risk factor for adolescent externalizing problems, equal in strength to significant parents' and friends' risk factors.
authors: Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Ivy N
authors: IN
authors: Defoe
authors: Loes
authors: L
authors: Keijsers
authors: Skyler T
authors: ST
authors: Hawk
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Branje
authors: Judith Semon
authors: JS
authors: Dubas
authors: Kirsten
authors: K
authors: Buist
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Frijns
authors: Marcel A G
authors: MA
authors: van Aken
authors: Hans M
authors: HM
authors: Koot
authors: Pol A C
authors: PA
authors: van Lier
authors: Wim
authors: W
authors: Meeus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009426:Netherlands; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012801:Sibling Relations
keywords: Externalizing problems; adolescents; friends; longitudinal; negative interaction; parents; siblings
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