title: Implication of progranulin and C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) on inflammation and atherosclerosis in subjects with or without metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Progranulin and C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) were recently discovered as novel adipokines which may link obesity with altered regulation of glucose metabolism, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined circulating progranulin and CTRP3 concentrations in 127 subjects with (n = 44) or without metabolic syndrome (n = 83). Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship of progranulin and CTRP3 levels with inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic risk factors, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and adiponectin serum concentrations, as well as carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating progranulin levels are significantly related with inflammatory markers, hsCRP (r = 0.30, P = 0.001) and IL-6 (r = 0.30, P = 0.001), whereas CTRP3 concentrations exhibit a significant association with cardiometabolic risk factors, including waist circumference (r = -0.21), diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.21), fasting glucose (r = -0.20), triglyceride (r = -0.34), total cholesterol (r = -0.25), eGFR (r = 0.39) and adiponectin (r = 0.26) levels. Serum progranulin concentrations were higher in patients with metabolic syndrome than those of the control group (199.55 [179.33, 215.53] vs. 185.10 [160.30, 204.90], P = 0.051) and the number of metabolic syndrome components had a significant positive correlation with progranulin levels (r = 0.227, P = 0.010). In multiple regression analysis, IL-6 and triglyceride levels were significant predictors of serum progranulin levels (R(2) = 0.251). Furthermore, serum progranulin level was an independent predictor for increased CIMT in subjects without metabolic syndrome after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors (R(2) = 0.365).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum progranulin levels are significantly associated with systemic inflammatory markers and were an independent predictor for atherosclerosis in subjects without metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01668888.
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hye Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Yoo
authors: Soon Young
authors: SY
authors: Hwang
authors: Ho Cheol
authors: HC
authors: Hong
authors: Hae Yoon
authors: HY
authors: Choi
authors: Sae Jeong
authors: SJ
authors: Yang
authors: Dong Seop
authors: DS
authors: Choi
authors: Sei Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Baik
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Blüher
authors: Byung-Soo
authors: BS
authors: Youn
authors: Kyung Mook
authors: KM
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077153:Progranulins; D012307:Risk Factors; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C506069:C1QTNF3 protein, human; C492314:GRN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000077153:Progranulins; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors