title: Further studies on anti-inflammatory activity of maprotiline in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat.
abstract: Antidepressant drugs are commonly used for treatment of different medical disorders besides of psychiatric diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that antidepressants exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro conditions, but the mechanisms of this property are not clear very well. In our earlier work, we demonstrated that i.c.v. and i.p. injection of maprotiline, as an antidepressant, decreased paw edema at the fourth hour after subplantar injection of carrageenan. Therefore, this work was undertaken to investigate anti-inflammatory effects of maprotiline in more details. Our results verified that i.p. (25 and 50 mg/kg) and i.c.v. (100 μg/rat) application of maprotiline significantly reduced paw edema at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h intervals after carrageenan challenge. Pathological examinations and MPO activity also showed that both i.p. and i.c.v. maprotiline considerably inhibited infiltration of PMN leucocytes into the inflamed paws. Additionally, i.p. and i.c.v. maprotiline at all applied doses noticeably declined levels of IL-1β into the site of inflammation, while only i.p. maprotiline at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly decreased TNF-α levels in the carrageenan-injected paws. These results confirmed anti-edematogenic activity of i.p. and i.c.v. maprotiline in the carrageenan induced paw edema model and showed that these properties of maprotiline might be mediated through inhibition of PMN infiltration and release of IL-1β and TNF-α.
authors: Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. h_sadeghi_m@yahoo.com
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Sadeghi
authors: Valiolla
authors: V
authors: Hajhashemi
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Minaiyan
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Movahedian
authors: Ardeshir
authors: A
authors: Talebi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008376:Maprotiline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008376:Maprotiline; D002351:Carrageenan; D009195:Peroxidase