title: Wound complications in 1145 consecutive transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the wound complication rate in patients undergoing transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic (SIL) surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  SIL surgery claims to be less invasive than conventional laparoscopy. Small SIL series have raised concerns toward a higher wound complication rate related to the transumbilical incision.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 44-month period, 1145 consecutive SIL procedures were included. The outcomes were assessed according to the intention-to-treat analysis principle. All procedures were followed for a minimum of 6 months postoperatively, and wound complications were recorded as bleeding, infection (superficial/deep), or hernia. Patients were classified as having a wound complication or not. For all comparisons, significance level was set at P<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pure transumbilical SIL surgery was completed in 92.84%, and additional trocars were used in 7.16%. After a median follow-up of 22.1 (range, 7.67-41.11) months, 29 wound complications (2.53%) had occurred [bleeding 0%/infection 1.05% (superficial 0.9%/deep 0.17%)/early-onset hernia 0.09%/late-onset hernia 1.40%, respectively]. Factors associated with complications were higher patient body mass index (28.16±4.73 vs 26.40±4.68 kg/m; P=0.029), longer skin incisions (3.77±1.62 vs 2.96±1.06 cm; P=0.012), and multiport SIL versus single-port SIL (8.47% vs 2.38%; P=0.019) in complicated versus uncomplicated procedures. Furthermore, a learning curve effect was noted after 500 procedures (P=0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With transumbilical SIL surgery, the incidence of wound complications is acceptable low and is further reduced once the learning curve has been passed.
authors: *Department of Surgery, Saint John of God Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria †Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; and ‡Department of Mathematics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: Helmut G
authors: HG
authors: Weiss
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Brunner
authors: Matthias O
authors: MO
authors: Biebl
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Schirnhofer
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Pimpl
authors: Christof
authors: C
authors: Mittermair
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Obrist
authors: Eberhard
authors: E
authors: Brunner
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Hell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014472:Umbilicus / Q000601:surgery*