title: A Neanderthal lower molar from Stajnia Cave, Poland.
abstract: The primary aim of this study was to conduct a taxonomic assessment of the second of three isolated human teeth found in the Stajnia Cave (north of the Carpathians, Poland) in 2008. The specimen was located near a human tooth (S5000), which was identified by Urbanowski et al. (2010) as a Neanderthal permanent upper molar. Both of these teeth were excavated from the D2 layer, which belongs to the D stratigraphic complex comprising the archaeological assemblage associated with the Micoquian tradition. An Ursus spelaeus bone and Mammuthus primigenius tooth that were also excavated from the D2 layer were dated to >49,000 years BP (by AMS (14)C) and 52.9 ka BP (by U-Th), respectively. The sediment overlying stratigraphic complex D was dated to 45.9 ka BP by the OSL method. The S4300 tooth is a lower first or second permanent molar belonging to an individual other than that who once possessed the S5000 tooth. The S4300 tooth exhibits a combination of traits typical of Neanderthal lower molars, including a mid-trigonid crest, large anterior fovea, taurodontism and subvertical grooves on the interproximal face, indicating that this tooth belonged to a Neanderthal individual. The S4300 tooth from Stajnia Cave is one of the oldest human remains found in Poland.
authors: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, ul. T. Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Dąbrowski
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Nowaczewska
authors: C B
authors: CB
authors: Stringer
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Compton
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Kruszyński
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Nadachowski
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Stefaniak
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Urbanowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005580:Fossils; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D056665:Mammoths / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008963:Molar / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D059125:Neanderthals / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification; D010161:Paleodontology; D011044:Poland; D001503:Ursidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology