title: C1 metabolism and the Calvin cycle function simultaneously and independently during HCHO metabolism and detoxification in Arabidopsis thaliana treated with HCHO solutions.
abstract: Formaldehyde (HCHO) is suggested to be detoxified through one-carbon (C1) metabolism or assimilated by the Calvin cycle in plants. To further understand the function of the Calvin cycle and C1 metabolism in HCHO metabolism in plants, HCHO elimination and metabolism by Arabidopsis thaliana in HCHO solutions was investigated in this study. Results verified that Arabidopsis could completely eliminate aqueous HCHO from the HCHO solutions. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C-NMR) analysis showed that H(13)CHO absorbed by Arabidopsis was first oxidized to H(13)COOH. Subsequently, a clear increase in [U-(13)C]Gluc peaks accompanied by a strong enhancement in peaks of [2-(13)C]Ser and [3-(13)C]Ser appeared in Arabidopsis. Pretreatment with cyclosporin A or L-carnitine, which might inhibit the transport of (13)C-enriched compounds into chloroplasts and mitochondria, caused a remarkable decline in yields of both [U-(13)C]Gluc and [3-(13)C]Ser in H(13)CHO-treated Arabidopsis. These results suggested that both the Calvin cycle and the C1 metabolism functioned simultaneously during HCHO detoxification. Moreover, both functioned more quickly under high H(13)CHO stress than low H(13)CHO stress. When a photorespiration mutant was treated in 6 mm H(13)CHO solution, formation of [U-(13)C]Gluc and [2-(13)C]Ser was completely inhibited, but generation of [3-(13)C]Ser was not significantly affected. This evidence suggested that the Calvin cycle and C1 metabolism functioned independently in Arabidopsis during HCHO metabolism.
authors: Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Kunming, 650500, China.
authors: Zhong-Bang
authors: ZB
authors: Song
authors: Su-Qin
authors: SQ
authors: Xiao
authors: Lan
authors: L
authors: You
authors: Sha-Sha
authors: SS
authors: Wang
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Tan
authors: Kun-Zhi
authors: KZ
authors: Li
authors: Li-Mei
authors: LM
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D002331:Carnitine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010788:Photosynthesis; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005557:Formaldehyde; D002244:Carbon; D016572:Cyclosporine; D002331:Carnitine
keywords: Arabidopsis HCHO metabolic pathway; formaldehyde metabolism; formaldehyde solution