title: A unique model for ultrasound assessment of optic nerve sheath diameter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasonic assessment of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as a non-invasive measure of intracranial pressure (ICP) has been evaluated in the literature as a potential valid technique for rapid ICP estimation in the absence of invasive intracranial monitoring. The technique can be challenging to perform and little literature exists surrounding intra-operator variability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study we describe the creation of a novel model of ONSD to be utilized in ultrasound training of this technique. We demonstrate the realistic ultrasonographic images created utilizing this novel model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed ocular models composed of gelatin spheres and variable three dimensional printed cylinders, which simulate the globe of the eye and variable ONSD's respectively. These models were suspended in a gelatin background and ultrasound of the ONSD was conducted using standard techniques described in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This model produces clear and accurate representation of ONSD that closely mimics in vivo images. It is affordable and easy to produce in large quantities, portending its use in an educational environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Utilizing the standard linear array ultrasound probe for ONSD measurements in our model provided realistic images comparable to in vivo. This provides an affordable and exciting means to test intra- and inter- operator variability in a standardized environment. Knowing this, we can further apply this novel model of ONSD to ultrasound teaching and training courses with confidence in its ability and the technique's ability to produce consistent results.
authors: Section of Neurosurgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. umzeiler@cc.unimanitoba.ca
authors: Frederick A
authors: FA
authors: Zeiler
authors: Bertram
authors: B
authors: Unger
authors: Andreas H
authors: AH
authors: Kramer
authors: Andrew W
authors: AW
authors: Kirkpatrick
authors: Lawrence M
authors: LM
authors: Gillman
mesh_terms: D005780:Gelatin; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D005780:Gelatin