title: Distribution and fate of perfluoroalkyl substances in municipal wastewater treatment plants in economically developed areas of China.
abstract: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a significant source for poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) entering the environment. The presence of PFASs in twenty-eight municipal WWTPs from eleven cites in economically developed areas of China were screened. Overall, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were dominant in wastewater and sludge, and were not effectively removed during wastewater treatment. Elevated influent concentration ratios of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) to PFOA and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) to PFOS in some WWTPs suggested that short chains substitution were adopted in these cities. Cluster analysis showed treatment processes had important impacts on PFASs profiles in effluent and sludge. Average concentration of total PFCAs in influent from each city and its gross domestic product (GDP) had significant positive correlation. This study provides a snapshot of both domestic and industrial discharges of PFAS to WWTPs as well as PFAS discharge from WWTPs to the aquatic environment in China.
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Yating
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Sachi
authors: S
authors: Taniyasu
authors: Leo W Y
authors: LW
authors: Yeung
authors: Paul K S
authors: PK
authors: Lam
authors: Jianshe
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Xinhai
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Nobuyoshi
authors: N
authors: Yamashita
authors: Jiayin
authors: J
authors: Dai
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical