title: Hypercortisolism and hypothyroidism in an infant with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome caused by a defect in cholesterol synthesis. Affected individuals have dysmorphism, short stature, failure to thrive, microcephaly, multiple congenital malformations, and mental retardation. Diagnostic biochemical features include low plasma cholesterol levels and elevated levels of cholesterol precursors, including 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to report a case of SLOS with hypercortisolism and hypothyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case report from the genetic and metabolic unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in north India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 5-month-old male child presented with progressively increasing weight since birth. On examination, he had cyanosis, facial dysmorphism, obesity, bilateral cryptorchidism, hypospadias, inverted nipples, and systolic murmur over the left parasternal area. Investigations revealed a decreased serum cholesterol and elevated 7DHC. His serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were elevated, and there was suppression of cortisol after the high-dose dexamethasone test. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and the pituitary region was normal. The thyroid-stimulating hormone was also elevated. Echocardiography revealed a double-outlet right ventricle with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLOS is an inborn error of cholesterol synthesis associated with failure to thrive and malformations involving almost all the systems of the body. The occurrence of hypercortisolism, hypothyroidism, obesity, and complex cyanotic cardiac lesion in association with SLOS has not been described earlier.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Chandigarh, India.
authors: Suresh
authors: S
authors: Kumar
authors: Renu
authors: R
authors: Suthar
authors: Inusha
authors: I
authors: Panigrahi
mesh_terms: D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000209:etiology*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019082:Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*