title: Characterization and Functional Assessment of Mouse PPARγ1 Promoter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, comprises two isoforms in mouse. These two isoforms are encoded by different mRNAs, which are arisen by alternative promoter usage. There are two promoter regions upstream of PPARγ gene. A 3 kb fragment, containing several transcription factor binding sites, acts as PPARγ1 promoter region. Thus, expression pattern of PPARγ1 isoform is due to the potential transcription factors that could influence its promoter activity. PPARγ, Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), as nuclear receptors could influence PPARγ gene expression pattern during several differentiation processes. During neural differentiation, PPARγ1 isoform expression reaches to maximal level at neural precursor cell formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A vast computational analysis was carried out to reveal the PPARγ1 promoter region. The putative promoter region was then subcloned upstream of an EGFP reporter gene. Then the functionality of PPARγ1 promoter was assessed in different cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that Rosiglitazone increased PPARγ1 promoter regulated EGFP expression of neural precursor cells during Embryoid Body (EB) formation. Furthermore vitamin D reduced PPARγ1 promoter regulated EGFP expression of neural precursor cells during EB formation through binding to its receptor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that there are potential response elements for PPAR/RXR and VDR/RXR heterodimers in PPARγ1 isoform promoter. Also VDR/RXR heterodimers may decrease PPARγ expression through binding to its promoter.
authors: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
authors: Liana
authors: L
authors: Lachinani
authors: Kamran
authors: K
authors: Ghaedi
authors: Somayeh
authors: S
authors: Tanhaei
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Salamian
authors: Fereshteh
authors: F
authors: Karamali
authors: Abbas
authors: A
authors: Kiani-Esfahani
authors: Farzaneh
authors: F
authors: Rabiee
authors: Parichehreh
authors: P
authors: Yaghmaei
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Baharvand
authors: Mohammad Hossein
authors: MH
authors: Nasr-Esfahani
keywords: Gene expression; Mouse; PPAR gamma