title: Genome-wide association study of genetic factors related to confectionery intake: potential roles of the ADIPOQ gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The excessive consumption of confectionery might have adverse effects on human health. To screen genetic factors associated with confectionery-intake frequency, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Japan was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the discovery phase (stage 1), we conducted a GWAS of 939 noncancer patients in a cancer hospital. Additive models were used to test associations between genotypes of approximately 500,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the confectionery-intake score (based on intake frequency). We followed-up association signals with P < 1 × 10(-5) and minor allele frequency >0.01 in stage 1 by genotyping the SNPs of 4,491 participants in a cross-sectional study within a cohort (replication phase [stage 2]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 12 SNPs in stage 1 that were potentially related to confectionery intake. In stage 2, this association was replicated for one SNP (rs822396; P = 0.049 for stage 2 and 4.2 × 10(-5) for stage 1+2) in intron 1 of the ADIPOQ gene, which encodes the adipokine adiponectin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the biological plausibility and previous relevant findings, the association of an SNP in the ADIPOQ gene with a preference for confectionery is worthy of follow-up and provides a good working hypothesis for experimental testing.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Wakai
authors: Keitaro
authors: K
authors: Matsuo
authors: Fumihiko
authors: F
authors: Matsuda
authors: Ryo
authors: R
authors: Yamada
authors: Meiko
authors: M
authors: Takahashi
authors: Takahisa
authors: T
authors: Kawaguchi
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Yatabe
authors: Hidemi
authors: H
authors: Ito
authors: Satoyo
authors: S
authors: Hosono
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Tajima
authors: Mariko
authors: M
authors: Naito
authors: Emi
authors: E
authors: Morita
authors: Guang
authors: G
authors: Yin
authors: Tatsuhiko
authors: T
authors: Sakamoto
authors: Naoyuki
authors: N
authors: Takashima
authors: Sadao
authors: S
authors: Suzuki
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Nakahata
authors: Haruo
authors: H
authors: Mikami
authors: Keizo
authors: K
authors: Ohnaka
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
authors: Kokichi
authors: K
authors: Arisawa
authors: Michiaki
authors: M
authors: Kubo
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Hamajima
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002182:Candy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004435:Eating / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D005787:Gene Frequency; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin