title: [Urinary evaluations of drug consumption among workers having high risk of accident: technical difficulties, limits and possibilities of increasing efficacy of the law].
abstract: Urinary evaluations of drug consumption among workers having high risk of accident became compulsory in Italian legislation few years ago. We report results of 322.110 single urinary drug detections carried out between 2008 and 2011 on 35.789 subjects. We verified technical difficulties arisen during laboratory detections and organizational difficulties evidenced by Occupational Doctors during collections of samples. We screened 701 positive samples (1.96%), mostly to Cannabinoids and Cocaine, verified using first and second level screening according to national law. Many patients referred regular or irregular use of medicines active on Central Nervous System frequently ignoring their collateral effects. After the evidence of a positive result, during a second medical visit, many workers referred assumption of "natural diet supplements" acquired not in traditional commercial distributors. In two cases we have had the possibility of analyzing these supplements which have shown the presence of law concentrations of drugs in their compositions.
authors: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Prevenzione - Università di Milano Bicocca - Via Cadore 48 - 20900 Monza (MB), Italy. marco.dorso@unimib.it
authors: M I
authors: MI
authors: D'Orso
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Grosso
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Colli
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Gironi
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Riva
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Cesana
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*