title: Teratogen screening: state of the art.
abstract: Due to the number of new substances coming into use every year and the increasing amounts of chemicals, which are introduced into the environment, there is a high demand for a rapid, reliable and cost-effective method for detection of developmental toxicity. To meet this challenge various in vitro techniques have been established additional to in vivo animal testing. This review introduces the techniques in existence at the moment. Requirements on an ideal in vitro teratogenicity test system are stated, and the advantages and disadvantages of the present methods are discussed.
authors: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Schumann
keywords: Animal testing alternatives; Cell culture techniques; Teratogens