title: Limited potential of school textbooks to prevent tobacco use among students grade 1-9 across multiple developing countries: a content analysis study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the content of school textbooks as a tool to prevent tobacco use in developing countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Content analysis was used to evaluate if the textbooks incorporated the following five core components recommended by the WHO: (1) consequences of tobacco use; (2) social norms; (3) reasons to use tobacco; (4) social influences and (5) resistance and life skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine developing countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Benin, Ghana, Niger and Zambia.   TEXTBOOKS ANALYSED:  Of 474 textbooks for primary and junior secondary schools in nine developing countries, 41 were selected which contained descriptions about tobacco use prevention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 41 textbooks, the consequences of tobacco use component was covered in 30 textbooks (73.2%) and the social norms component was covered in 19 (46.3%). The other three components were described in less than 20% of the textbooks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A rather limited number of school textbooks in developing countries contained descriptions of prevention of tobacco use, but they did not fully cover the core components for tobacco use prevention. The chance of tobacco prevention education should be seized by improving the content of school textbooks.
authors: Department of Community and Global Health,  Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo,  Japan.
authors: Junko
authors: J
authors: Saito
authors: Daisuke
authors: D
authors: Nonaka
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Mizoue
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Achini C
authors: AC
authors: Jayatilleke
authors: Sabina
authors: S
authors: Shrestha
authors: Kimiyo
authors: K
authors: Kikuchi
authors: Syed E
authors: SE
authors: Haque
authors: Siyan
authors: S
authors: Yi
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Ayi
authors: Masamine
authors: M
authors: Jimba