title: Inhibition of apoplastic calmodulin impairs calcium homeostasis and cell wall modeling during Cedrus deodara pollen tube growth.
abstract: Calmodulin (CaM) is one of the most well-studied Ca(2+) transducers in eukaryotic cells. It is known to regulate the activity of numerous proteins with diverse cellular functions; however, the functions of apoplastic CaM in plant cells are still poorly understood. By combining pharmacological analysis and microscopic techniques, we investigated the involvement of apoplastic CaM in pollen tube growth of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. It was found that the tip-focused calcium gradient was rapidly disturbed as one of the early events after application of pharmacological agents, while the cytoplasmic organization was not significantly affected. The deposition and distribution of acidic pectins and esterified pectins were also dramatically changed, further perturbing the normal modeling of the cell wall. Several protein candidates from different functional categories may be involved in the responses to inhibition of apoplastic CaM. These results revealed that apoplastic CaM functions to maintain the tip-focused calcium gradient and to modulate the distribution/transformation of pectins during pollen tube growth.
authors: Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Xueqin
authors: X
authors: Lv
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Biao
authors: B
authors: Jin
authors: Tong
authors: T
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D028203:Cedrus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018525:Germination / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D010368:Pectins / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053205:Pollen Tube / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D054817:Pollination / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010368:Pectins; D002118:Calcium