title: Encounters with immigrant customers: perspectives of Danish community pharmacy staff on challenges and solutions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the challenges that Danish community pharmacy staff encounter when serving non-Western immigrant customers. Special attention was paid to similarities and differences between the perceptions of pharmacists and pharmacy assistants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was distributed to one pharmacist and one pharmacy assistant employed at each of the 55 community pharmacies located in the five local councils in Denmark with the highest number of immigrant inhabitants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total response rate was 76% (84/110). Most respondents found that the needs of immigrant customers were not sufficiently assessed at the counter (n = 55, 65%), and that their latest encounter with an immigrant customer was less satisfactory than a similar encounter with an ethnic Danish customer (n = 48, 57%) (significantly more pharmacists than assistants: odds ratio, OR, 3.19; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.27-8.04). Forty-two per cent (n = 35) perceived that immigrant customers put pressure on pharmacy staff resources, while 27% (n = 23) found that the immigrant customer group make work more interesting. More pharmacists than assistants agreed on the latter (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.04-11.33). Within the past 14 days, 86% (n = 72) experienced that their advice and counselling were not understood by immigrant customers, whereas 49% (n = 41) experienced lack of understanding by ethnic Danes; and 30% (n = 25) had consciously refrained from counselling an immigrant, whereas 19% (n = 16) had done so with an ethnic Dane. Use of under-aged children as interpreters during the past month was reported by 79% of respondents. Regarding suggestions on how to improve encounters with immigrant customers, most respondents listed interventions aimed at patients, general practitioners and pharmaceutical companies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Community pharmacy staff report poorer quality in their encounters with immigrant customers, including sub-optimal counselling and frequent use of under-aged children as interpreters. Our study also reveals certain differences across personnel groups, which may be explained by differences in level of education.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Section for Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. annamygind@hotmail.com
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Mygind
authors: Sacha
authors: S
authors: Espersen
authors: Lotte Stig
authors: LS
authors: Nørgaard
authors: Janine M
authors: JM
authors: Traulsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003718:Denmark; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010596:Pharmacy Technicians / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024382:Professional Role; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires