title: Association between second-generation antipsychotics and changes in body mass index in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) with changes in body mass index (BMI) among adolescents compared with a matched untreated comparison group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was conducted using an electronic medical record database between January 2004 and July 2009. Adolescents (12-19 years old), newly initiated on SGAs formed the exposure group and untreated adolescents formed the comparison group matched (3:1) to the antipsychotic group based on age, gender, and month of index SGA. Both the exposure and comparison groups were followed for slightly more than a year (395 days). Baseline and follow-up BMI were evaluated for both groups and percentage change from baseline BMI to follow-up BMI was calculated. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to assess the impact of SGAs on percent change in follow-up BMI from baseline controlling for demographic characteristics, baseline medications, comorbidities, and other covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean percentage increase in follow-up BMI from baseline for antipsychotic group was significantly higher than the comparison group (p < .01). After adjusting for covariates, adolescents on olanzapine had the highest percentage increase in follow-up BMI from baseline (5.84%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.07-7.61) followed by aripiprazole (4.36%; 95% CI, 3.08-5.64), risperidone (3.65%; 95% CI, 2.61-4.68), and quetiapine (1.53%; 95% CI, .53-2.52) compared with the comparison group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study further validates a growing concern of increased BMI in adolescents on SGA therapy.
authors: Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Sameer.Ghate@pharm.utah.edu
authors: Sameer R
authors: SR
authors: Ghate
authors: Christina A
authors: CA
authors: Porucznik
authors: Qayyim
authors: Q
authors: Said
authors: Mia
authors: M
authors: Hashibe
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Joy
authors: Diana I
authors: DI
authors: Brixner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects; D014481:United States; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines; D010879:Piperazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; C092292:ziprasidone; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine