title: Early physical contact between a mother and her NICU-infant in two university hospitals in Finland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  the first aim of this two-phase study was to describe and compare, between two university hospitals, the early physical contact of mothers and their preterm or sick newborn infants in the delivery room. Secondly, the staff's perceptions of factors facilitating and promoting or impeding this contact were evaluated. Thirdly, the association between early physical contact and the initiation of breast feeding was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  a structured survey was conducted between November 2008 and March 2009 in two university hospitals in Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  in phase I, the sample consisted of all preterm or sick infants who needed NICU care and whose questionnaires were completed by labour ward staff (hospital A, n=178/185, hospital B, n=203/235). In phase II, a subsample of these infants (A, n=76, B, n=94) and their mothers who completed their questionnaires participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  structured questionnaires developed for this study were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the implementation of early physical contact differed between the study hospitals. The infants had physical contact with their mothers more often in hospital A than in hospital B whether they were sick full-term (83% versus 58%, p<0.001) or late preterm (49% versus 34%, p=0.051). None of the very preterm infants (<32 weeks) had early physical contact in the delivery room in either hospital. An infant's unstable condition and delivery by caesarean section were the most common obstacles against early contact. There was a moderate association between early contact and the initiation of breast feeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  caring practices concerning early physical contact seemed to be different in the study hospitals. The obstacles impeding early contact should be re-evaluated. Guidelines might enhance early physical contact between preterm or sick infants and their mothers.
authors: Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku FIN-20014, Finland. Electronic address: hmniel@utu.fi.
authors: Hannakaisa
authors: H
authors: Niela-Vilén
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Axelin
authors: Sanna
authors: S
authors: Salanterä
authors: Liisa
authors: L
authors: Lehtonen
authors: Outi
authors: O
authors: Tammela
authors: Raili
authors: R
authors: Salmelin
authors: Reija
authors: R
authors: Latva
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D018730:Infant Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D058996:Quality Improvement; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Breast feeding; Early physical contact; Infant; NICU