title: Protein organic chemistry and applications for labeling and engineering in live-cell systems.
abstract: The modification of proteins with synthetic probes is a powerful means of elucidating and engineering the functions of proteins both in vitro and in live cells or in vivo. Herein we review recent progress in chemistry-based protein modification methods and their application in protein engineering, with particular emphasis on the following four strategies: 1) the bioconjugation reactions of amino acids on the surfaces of natural proteins, mainly applied in test-tube settings; 2) the bioorthogonal reactions of proteins with non-natural functional groups; 3) the coupling of recognition and reactive sites using an enzyme or short peptide tag-probe pair for labeling natural amino acids; and 4) ligand-directed labeling chemistries for the selective labeling of endogenous proteins in living systems. Overall, these techniques represent a useful set of tools for application in chemical biology, with the methods 2-4 in particular being applicable to crude (living) habitats. Although still in its infancy, the use of organic chemistry for the manipulation of endogenous proteins, with subsequent applications in living systems, represents a worthy challenge for many chemists.
authors: Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
authors: Yousuke
authors: Y
authors: Takaoka
authors: Akio
authors: A
authors: Ojida
authors: Itaru
authors: I
authors: Hamachi
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D015202:Protein Engineering; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D011506:Proteins