title: DLK initiates a transcriptional program that couples apoptotic and regenerative responses to axonal injury.
abstract: The cell intrinsic factors that determine whether a neuron regenerates or undergoes apoptosis in response to axonal injury are not well defined. Here we show that the mixed-lineage dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) is an essential upstream mediator of both of these divergent outcomes in the same cell type. Optic nerve crush injury leads to rapid elevation of DLK protein, first in the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and then in their cell bodies. DLK is required for the majority of gene expression changes in RGCs initiated by injury, including induction of both proapoptotic and regeneration-associated genes. Deletion of DLK in retina results in robust and sustained protection of RGCs from degeneration after optic nerve injury. Despite this improved survival, the number of axons that regrow beyond the injury site is substantially reduced, even when the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is deleted to enhance intrinsic growth potential. These findings demonstrate that these seemingly contradictory responses to injury are mechanistically coupled through a DLK-based damage detection mechanism.
authors: Neurodegeneration Laboratories, Department of Neuroscience, Gentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors: Trent A
authors: TA
authors: Watkins
authors: Bei
authors: B
authors: Wang
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Huntwork-Rodriguez
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Zhiyu
authors: Z
authors: Jiang
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Eastham-Anderson
authors: Zora
authors: Z
authors: Modrusan
authors: Joshua S
authors: JS
authors: Kaminker
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Tessier-Lavigne
authors: Joseph W
authors: JW
authors: Lewcock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; C090757:mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C487757:Pten protein, mouse