title: The risk of early cardiovascular disease in Lithuanian diabetic children and adolescents: a type 1 diabetes register database based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to assess the frequency and correlates of selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among Lithuanian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 539 T1DM children was investigated. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean of HbA1c was 8.5 ± 1.8%. Overweight was present in 72 (13.4%, 95% CI 10.6-16.9) and 113 (21.0%, 95% CI 17.5-25.3) had arterial hypertension. Hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed in 120 (22.3%; 95% CI 18.6-26.7), decreased HDL in 22 (4.1%; 95% CI 2.7-6.2), high LDL in 79 (14.7%; 95% CI 11.8-18.3), and high TG in 96 (17.8%, 95% CI 14.7-21.9) subjects. There were positive linear correlations between TG and high HbA1c levels (r=0.192; p<0.001), and between LDL and high HbA1c levels (r=0.238; p<0.001). Two cardiovascular risk factors were present 14.3%, three risk factors in 6.9%, four in 2.4% and five in 0.9%. The frequency of two cardiovascular risk factors was higher among 10-17-year-old T1DM patients than among 1-9-year-old children (27.0% vs. 13.3% respectively, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of cardiovascular risk factors is common in young people with T1DM and was associated with poor glycaemic control.
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas LT-50009, Lithuania. rimante.dobrovolskiene@gmail.com
authors: Rimantė
authors: R
authors: Dobrovolskienė
authors: Giedrė
authors: G
authors: Mockevičienė
authors: Bronislava
authors: B
authors: Urbonaitė
authors: Nijolė
authors: N
authors: Jurgevičienė
authors: Romualdas Tomas
authors: RT
authors: Preikša
authors: Rytas
authors: R
authors: Ostrauskas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007223:Infant; D008097:Lithuania / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human