title: Screening for potential hazard effects from four nitramines on human eye and skin.
abstract: Amines have potential to be used in CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology, but as they can be released into the environment and be degraded into more toxic compounds, such as nitrosamines and nitramines, there have been concerns about their negative impact on human health. We investigated the potential toxic effects from acute exposure to dimethylnitramine (DMA-NO2), methylnitramine (MA-NO2), ethanolnitramine (MEA-NO2) and 2-methyl-2-(nitroamino)-1-propanol (AMP-NO2). The eye irritation, and skin sensitization, irritation and corrosion potential of these substances have been evaluated in vitro using the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) assay, VITOSENS® assay, Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) skin irritation test and Corrositex Skin corrosion test, respectively. Exposure to DMA-NO2 induced a mild eye irritation response, while MA-NO2, MEA-NO2 and AMP-NO2 were shown to be very severe eye irritants. MA-NO2 and MEA-NO2 were tested for skin sensitization and found to be non-sensitizers to the skin. In addition, none of the four test substances was irritant or corrosive to the skin.
authors: Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, Norway.
authors: Lise Marie
authors: LM
authors: Fjellsbø
authors: An R
authors: AR
authors: Van Rompay
authors: Jef
authors: J
authors: Hooyberghs
authors: Inge
authors: I
authors: Nelissen
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Dusinska
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003318:Corneal Opacity / Q000139:chemically induced; D051786:Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator / Q000235:genetics; D004123:Dimethylamines / Q000633:toxicity*; D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D054390:Receptors, CCR2 / Q000235:genetics; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; C515334:CCR2 protein, human; C497410:CREM protein, human; D004123:Dimethylamines; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D054390:Receptors, CCR2; D051786:Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator; C015384:nitramine; C013962:dimethylnitramine