title: Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and youth.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which used to be a disease of adults is now seen commonly at an early age in children and adolescents. T2DM is now an important diagnostic consideration in children who present with signs and symptoms of diabetes. The emerging epidemic of obesity in children throughout the world and the resultant insulin resistance contributes to the increasing prevalence of T2DM in this population. The recommended treatment options include metformin and insulin. Optimal glycemic control is essential considering the lifelong nature of the disease and therefore, the increased risk of long term complications - both microvascular and macrovascular. This review article summarizes the classification, diagnosis, pathogenesis, management, complications and screening of T2DM in children, incorporating and contextualizing guidelines from various professional associations.
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ramkumar
authors: Nikhil
authors: N
authors: Tandon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058872:Epidemics; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007194:India; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008403:Mass Screening; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008687:Metformin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human