title: The antitumor effect of a new docetaxel-loaded microbubble combined with low-frequency ultrasound in vitro: preparation and parameter analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a novel docetaxel (DOC)-loaded lipid microbubbles (MBs) for achieving target therapy and overcoming the poor water-solubility drawback of DOC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel DOC-loaded microbubble (DOC + MB) was prepared by lyophilization and the physicochemical properties including ultrasound contrast imaging of the liver were measured. The anti-tumor effect of the DOC + MBs combined with low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS; 0.8 Hz, 2.56 W/cm², 50% cycle duty) on the DLD-1 cancer cell line was examined using an MTT assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The physicochemical properties of the two tested formats of DOC + MBs (1.0 mg and 1.6 mg) was shown: concentration, (6.74 ± 0.02) × 10⁸ bubbles/mL and (8.27 ± 0.15) × 10⁸ bubbles/mL; mean size, 3.296 ± 0.004 μm and 3.387 ± 0.005 μm; pH value, 6.67 ± 0.11 and 6.56 ± 0.05; release rate, 3.41% and 12.50%; Zeta potential, -37.95 ± 7.84 mV and -44.35 ± 8.70 mV; and encapsulation efficiency, 54.9 ± 6.21% and 46.3 ± 5.69%, respectively. Compared with SonoVue, the DOC + MBs similarly enhanced the echo signal of the liver imaging. The anti-tumor effect of the DOC + MBs/LFUS group was significantly better than that of DOC alone and that of the normal MBs/LFUS groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The self-made DOC + MBs have potential as a new ultrasound contrast agent and drug-loaded microbubble, and can obviously enhance the antitumor effect of DOC under LFUS exposure.
authors: Department of Pathology and Therapeutic Vaccines Engineering Center of Shaanxi Province, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors: Shu-Ting
authors: ST
authors: Ren
authors: Yi-Ran
authors: YR
authors: Liao
authors: Xiao-Ning
authors: XN
authors: Kang
authors: Yi-Ping
authors: YP
authors: Li
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Ai
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Sun
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Jing
authors: Xing-Hua
authors: XH
authors: Zhao
authors: Li-Fang
authors: LF
authors: Tan
authors: Xin-Liang
authors: XL
authors: Shen
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004285:Dogs; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008055:Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D045423:Microbubbles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012995:Solubility; D043823:Taxoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D043823:Taxoids; D014867:Water; D000077143:Docetaxel