title: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in medicine and disease.
abstract: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are essential and ubiquitous 'house-keeping' enzymes responsible for charging amino acids to their cognate tRNAs and providing the substrates for global protein synthesis. Recent studies have revealed a role of multiple ARSs in pathology, and their potential use as pharmacological targets and therapeutic reagents. The ongoing discovery of genetic mutations in human ARSs is increasing exponentially and can be considered an important determinant of disease etiology. Several chemical compounds target bacterial, fungal and human ARSs as antibiotics or disease-targeting medicines. Remarkably, ongoing exploration of noncanonical functions of ARSs has shown important contributions to control of angiogenesis, inflammation, tumourigenesis and other important physiopathological processes. Here, we summarize the roles of ARSs in human diseases and medicine, focusing on the most recent and exciting discoveries.
authors: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Yao
authors: Paul L
authors: PL
authors: Fox
mesh_terms: D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049148:Aminoacylation; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002607:Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D056947:Enzyme Replacement Therapy; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases