title: Olive-oil-derived oleocanthal enhances β-amyloid clearance as a potential neuroprotective mechanism against Alzheimer's disease: in vitro and in vivo studies.
abstract: Oleocanthal, a phenolic component of extra-virgin olive oil, has been recently linked to reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins in the brain. However, the mechanism by which oleocanthal exerts its neuroprotective effect is still incompletely understood. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for the potential of oleocanthal to enhance Aβ clearance from the brain via up-regulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and LDL lipoprotein receptor related protein-1 (LRP1), major Aβ transport proteins, at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Results from in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated similar and consistent pattern of oleocanthal in controlling Aβ levels. In cultured mice brain endothelial cells, oleocanthal treatment increased P-gp and LRP1 expression and activity. Brain efflux index (BEI%) studies of (125)I-Aβ40 showed that administration of oleocanthal extracted from extra-virgin olive oil to C57BL/6 wild-type mice enhanced (125)I-Aβ40 clearance from the brain and increased the BEI% from 62.0 ± 3.0% for control mice to 79.9 ± 1.6% for oleocanthal treated mice. Increased P-gp and LRP1 expression in the brain microvessels and inhibition studies confirmed the role of up-regulation of these proteins in enhancing (125)I-Aβ40 clearance after oleocanthal treatment. Furthermore, our results demonstrated significant increase in (125)I-Aβ40 degradation as a result of the up-regulation of Aβ degrading enzymes following oleocanthal treatment. In conclusion, these findings provide experimental support that potential reduced risk of AD associated with extra-virgin olive oil could be mediated by enhancement of Aβ clearance from the brain.
authors: Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, Louisiana 7120, United States.
authors: Alaa H
authors: AH
authors: Abuznait
authors: Hisham
authors: H
authors: Qosa
authors: Belnaser A
authors: BA
authors: Busnena
authors: Khalid A
authors: KA
authors: El Sayed
authors: Amal
authors: A
authors: Kaddoumi
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000081004:Cyclopentane Monoterpenes; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D055806:Microvessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000081004:Cyclopentane Monoterpenes; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D010938:Plant Oils; C503534:oleocanthal