title: Teaching cholangiography in a surgical residency program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the time associated with routine cholangiography in a residency teaching program.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography by a single surgeon from April 2010 to September 2011. Cholangiogram time, demographic, and operative information was recorded, and factors associated with increased cholangiogram times were compared using Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression; a p value <0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic-affiliated community-based surgical residency program.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 surgical residents, PGY 1-5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography was performed in 54 patients. The average patient age was 43 years; 69% were Caucasian and 74% were female. Cholangiography was successful in 96% of patients. The average time for cholangiograms performed by residents was 11 minutes (range, 6-22 minutes) and average operating room time was 68 minutes (range, 32-103 minutes). The average percentage of case time for cholangiography was 17% (range, 9%-63%). Minor technical complications related to cholangiograms occurred in 33% of cases, with the most common being difficulty with clipping the catheter (20%). There was no significant difference in completion rate or cholangiogram time based on resident level of experience (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative cholangiogram can be safely performed by residents at every level during laparoscopic cholecystectomy without adding significant time to the operation.
authors: Department of Surgery, South East Area Health Education Center, Department of Surgery, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA. william.hope@seahec.net
authors: William W
authors: WW
authors: Hope
authors: Lindsay
authors: L
authors: Bools
authors: W Borden
authors: WB
authors: Hooks
authors: Ashley
authors: A
authors: Adams
authors: Cyrus A
authors: CA
authors: Kotwall
authors: Thomas V
authors: TV
authors: Clancy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013043:Specialties, Surgical / Q000193:education*; D013997:Time Factors