title: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with field-amplified sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in milk and dairy products.
abstract: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was coupled with field-amplified sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis (FASS) for the determination of five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in bovine milk and dairy products. After extraction, the enriched analytes were back-extracted into a basic aqueous solution for injection into CE. Under optimum conditions, enrichment factors were in the range 46-229. Limits of detection of the analytes ranged from 3.0 to 13.1 μg kg(-1) for all matrices analysed. Calibration graphs showed good linearity with coefficients of determination (R(2))≥ 0.9915 and relative standard deviations (RSD%) of the analyses in the range of 0.6-6.2% (n=5). Recoveries of all NSAIDs from bottled milk, raw milk, yogurt and white cheese samples were in the ranges of 86.6-109.3%, 84.3-100.5%, 77.4-107.3%, and 90.9-101.6%, respectively. DLLME-FASS-CE was demonstrated to be a rapid and convenient method for the determination of NSAIDs in milk and dairy products.
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey. alshana@gazi.edu.tr
authors: Usama
authors: U
authors: Alshana
authors: Nilgün G
authors: NG
authors: Göğer
authors: Nusret
authors: N
authors: Ertaş
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002417:Cattle; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D019155:Veterinary Drugs