title: Effect of intranasal fluticasone furoate and intraocular olopatadine on nasal and ocular allergen-induced symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal allergen challenge (NAC) leads to a nasal ocular reflex, which is augmented by allergic inflammation. This study was designed to confirm our previous observation that an intranasal steroid inhibits the nasal ocular reflex and to show that histamine does  not play an important role in the genesis of this reflex.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo (PL)-controlled, four-way crossover trial in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis out of season. Subjects were randomized to receive 1 week  pretreatment with intranasal PL and intraocular (PL/PL), intranasal PL and intraocular olopatadine (PL/OLO), intranasal fluticasone furoate (FF) and intraocular PL (FF/PL), and the combination (FF/OLO). Subjects then underwent NAC on 2 consecutive days. The number of sneezes and nasal and  ocular symptoms were recorded, and levels of tryptase and histamine were measured in nasal lavages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NAC after PL/PL resulted in increase in symptoms, histamine, and tryptase after the challenge on the 2nd day. There was a reduction in eye symptoms on the 2nd day  of challenge from 6.0 after PL/PL to 0 after FF/PL (p = 0.001), 2.5 after PL/OLO (p = 0.3), and 1.5 after FF/OLO (p = 0.003). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the response after FF/PL versus FF/OLO and a significant difference between FF/PL and PL/OLO (p = 0.02). Levels  of tryptase followed a similar trend. The number of eosinophils in nasal lavages on the 2nd day of challenge were also reduced by the treatment arms containing FF compared with PL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data confirm the existence of a nasal ocular reflex after NAC. OLO alone  or the addition of OLO to FF does not impact ocular symptoms caused by the naso-ocular reflex, suggesting that mast cells are not activated to release histamine in the conjunctiva during this process.
authors: Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. fbaroody@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors: Fuad M
authors: FM
authors: Baroody
authors: Hercules
authors: H
authors: Logothetis
authors: Shilpa
authors: S
authors: Vishwanath
authors: Mohamad
authors: M
authors: Bashir
authors: Marcella
authors: M
authors: Detineo
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Naclerio
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003990:Dibenzoxepins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018450:Disease Progression; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D056965:Injections, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000730:Androstadienes; D003990:Dibenzoxepins; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride; D006632:Histamine; C523187:fluticasone furoate