title: Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in people who die by suicide. Awareness of risk factors for suicide in depression is important for clinicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a systematic review of the international literature we identified cohort and case-control studies of people with depression in which suicide was an outcome, and conducted meta-analyses of potential risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen studies (28 publications) were included. Factors significantly associated with suicide were: male gender (OR=1.76, 95% CI=1.08-2.86), family history of psychiatric disorder (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.00-1.97), previous attempted suicide (OR=4.84, 95% CI=3.26-7.20), more severe depression (OR=2.20, 95% CI=1.05-4.60), hopelessness (OR=2.20, 95% CI=1.49-3.23) and comorbid disorders, including anxiety (OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.03-2.45) and misuse of alcohol and drugs (OR=2.17, 95% CI=1.77-2.66).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were fewer studies than suspected. Interdependence between risk factors could not be examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The factors identified should be included in clinical assessment of risk in depressed patients. Further large-scale studies are required to identify other relevant factors.
authors: Centre for Suicide Research, University of Oxford, UK. keith.hawton@psych.ox.ac.uk
authors: Keith
authors: K
authors: Hawton
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Casañas I Comabella
authors: Camilla
authors: C
authors: Haw
authors: Kate
authors: K
authors: Saunders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*