title: One more beer? Serving alcohol to pseudo-intoxicated guests in bars.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consuming large quantities of alcohol might result in negative consequences for both individual drinkers (alcohol dependency and addiction) and society (violence, traffic crashes). In order to decrease the prevalence of alcohol abuse, many countries have adopted regulations prohibiting the catering industry to serve alcohol to intoxicated guests. This article investigated compliance with these regulations in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study was conducted in which pseudo-intoxicated actors tried to order alcoholic drinks in 58 bars. A 2 × 2 design was used, based on (i) the number of actors involved (1 vs. 2) and (ii) the level of intoxication (moderately vs. very drunk). In contrast to earlier studies, research accomplices checked afterward whether the bartenders noticed that the actors appeared intoxicated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 86% of the cases, the actors were able to buy alcohol, without comments or questions. In 10%, the actors were refused entrance by a bouncer. Only in 4%, the bartender refused to serve. In 81% of the cases, the bartenders remembered the actors: In 93% of those cases, they noticed that the actor appeared intoxicated. Only the "very drunk" script involving 2 actors led to refusals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that compliance with the regulations regarding overserving to intoxicated guests is problematic in the Netherlands. Misinterpretations of the situation could be ruled out: Most bartenders noticed that the actors appeared intoxicated but served nonetheless.
authors: Department of Communication Studies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors: Jordy F
authors: JF
authors: Gosselt
authors: Joris J
authors: JJ
authors: Van Hoof
authors: Martine M
authors: MM
authors: Goverde
authors: Menno D T
authors: MD
authors: De Jong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000191:economics; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000191:economics* / Q000523:psychology; D001515:Beer / Q000191:economics*; D003132:Commerce / Q000191:economics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol Intoxication; Compliance; Mystery Shopping; Overserving