title: Reduced postprandial GLP-1 responses in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and again following delivery when normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was re-established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven women with GDM [plasma glucose (PG) concentration at 120 min after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 10.0 ± 0.9 mM (mean ± SD); age: 31 ± 6 years; body mass index (BMI): 31.6 ± 6.4 kg/m(2) ; haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): 5.6 ± 0.5%] and eight pregnant women with NGT (PG(120 min), OGTT : 5.7 ± 0.7 mM; age: 28 ± 3 years; BMI: 29.7 ± 5.4 kg/m(2) ; HbA1c: 5.4 ± 0.3%) were investigated with a 4-h liquid meal test during third trimester (TT) and 3-4 months postpartum (PP). All patients with GDM re-established NGT following delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnancy was associated with low postprandial GLP-1 responses. Patients with GDM exhibited reduced postprandial GLP-1 responses compared to their PP levels [area under curve (AUC): 5.5 ± 1.3 vs. 8.4 ± 3.2 nM × min, p=0.005], but the difference among NGT women (7.3 ± 2.8 vs. 8.8 ± 2.0 nM × min, p=0.066) was not statistically significant. Pregnancy did not influence postprandial responses of the other incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in any of the groups, but GDM patients were characterized by greater postprandial GIP responses during both TT and PP compared to NGT subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy is associated with reduced postprandial GLP-1 responses (most pronounced in patients with GDM) that normalize after delivery. In contrast, postprandial GIP responses seem unaffected by pregnancy but is increased in GDM patients.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Bonde
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Vilsbøll
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nielsen
authors: J I
authors: JI
authors: Bagger
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Svare
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Holst
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Larsen
authors: F K
authors: FK
authors: Knop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D049590:Postpartum Period; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D005934:Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: GIP; GLP-1; insulin resistance; insulin secretion