title: Gene alterations and intestinal mucosal changes following growth factor and omega-3 exposure in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously shown that there is synergism between Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and Omega-3 (OM-3) enriched feeds using an immunologic model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This combination decreased inflammation and cytokine levels and increased microvascular density and mucosal mass. This study evaluates the gene alterations that occurred using this same model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty adult female transgenic HLA-B27 rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: (Regular feeds, IV saline); Group 2: (OM-3 feeds, IV saline); Group 3: (Regular feeds, IV HGF 150 μg/kg/day); Group 4: (OM-3 feeds, IV HGF 150 μg/kg/day). Rats were sacrificed 14 days after pump placement. Bowel was harvested and RNA extracted. Microarray gene chips were used. Statistical analysis was done by analysis of variance using Partek Genomics Suite. Results were significant if fold change was more than 2 or less than -2, with P<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the ileum, HGF up- or down-regulated 34 genes, while OM-3 affected 60 genes. Together 68 genes were affected. Families with a synergistic effect included Solute Carrier Proteins, ATP Binding Cassette Proteins, and Matrix Metalloproteinases. In the colon, 23 genes were affected by HGF, while 66 genes were affected with OM-3. Combined exposure affected 32 genes, including a synergistic effect on solute carrier proteins, aquaporins, and immunologic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a synergistic gene alteration effect of exposure of two (HGF and Omega-3 enriched feeds) agents on bowel mucosa. Of most interest was the synergistic effect on the solute carrier protein family, a previously identified gene family up-regulated in response to intestinal failure.
authors: Department of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Minimally Invasive Surgery, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children and Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Katz
authors: Keith A
authors: KA
authors: Thatch
authors: Marshall Z
authors: MZ
authors: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor