title: Phylogeny and origins of hantaviruses harbored by bats, insectivores, and rodents.
abstract: Hantaviruses are among the most important zoonotic pathogens of humans and the subject of heightened global attention. Despite the importance of hantaviruses for public health, there is no consensus on their evolutionary history and especially the frequency of virus-host co-divergence versus cross-species virus transmission. Documenting the extent of hantavirus biodiversity, and particularly their range of mammalian hosts, is critical to resolving this issue. Here, we describe four novel hantaviruses (Huangpi virus, Lianghe virus, Longquan virus, and Yakeshi virus) sampled from bats and shrews in China, and which are distinct from other known hantaviruses. Huangpi virus was found in Pipistrellus abramus, Lianghe virus in Anourosorex squamipes, Longquan virus in Rhinolophus affinis, Rhinolophus sinicus, and Rhinolophus monoceros, and Yakeshi virus in Sorex isodon, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of the available diversity of hantaviruses reveals the existence of four phylogroups that infect a range of mammalian hosts, as well as the occurrence of ancient reassortment events between the phylogroups. Notably, the phylogenetic histories of the viruses are not always congruent with those of their hosts, suggesting that cross-species transmission has played a major role during hantavirus evolution and at all taxonomic levels, although we also noted some evidence for virus-host co-divergence. Our phylogenetic analysis also suggests that hantaviruses might have first appeared in Chiroptera (bats) or Soricomorpha (moles and shrews), before emerging in rodent species. Overall, these data indicate that bats are likely to be important natural reservoir hosts of hantaviruses.
authors: State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
authors: Wen-Ping
authors: WP
authors: Guo
authors: Xian-Dan
authors: XD
authors: Lin
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Jun-Hua
authors: JH
authors: Tian
authors: Mei-Li
authors: ML
authors: Cong
authors: Hai-Lin
authors: HL
authors: Zhang
authors: Miao-Ruo
authors: MR
authors: Wang
authors: Run-Hong
authors: RH
authors: Zhou
authors: Jian-Bo
authors: JB
authors: Wang
authors: Ming-Hui
authors: MH
authors: Li
authors: Jianguo
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Edward C
authors: EC
authors: Holmes
authors: Yong-Zhen
authors: YZ
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000821:virology*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000821:virology; D007312:Eulipotyphla / Q000821:virology*; D005843:Geography; D006476:Orthohantavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018778:Hantavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012377:Rodentia; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012788:Shrews / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral