title: Noncontrast skeletal muscle oximetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to develop a new noncontrast method to directly quantify regional skeletal muscle oxygenation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The feasibility of the method was examined in five healthy volunteers using a 3 T clinical MRI scanner, at rest and during a sustained isometric contraction. The perfusion of skeletal muscle of the calf was measured using an arterial spin labeling method, whereas the oxygen extraction fraction of the muscle was measured using a susceptibility-based MRI technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all volunteers, the perfusion in soleus muscle increased significantly from 6.5 ± 2.0 mL (100 g min)(-1) at rest to 47.9 ± 7.7 mL (100 g min)(-1) during exercise (P < 0.05). Although the corresponding oxygen extraction fraction did not change significantly, the rate of oxygen consumption increased from 0.43 ± 0.13 to 4.2 ± 1.5 mL (100 g min)(-1) (P < 0.05). Similar results were observed in gastrocnemius muscle but with greater oxygen extraction fraction increase than the soleus muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first MR oximetry developed for quantification of regional skeletal muscle oxygenation. A broad range of medical conditions could benefit from these techniques, including cardiology, gerontology, kinesiology, and physical therapy.
authors: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Zheng
authors: Hongyu
authors: H
authors: An
authors: Andrew R
authors: AR
authors: Coggan
authors: Xiaodong
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Adil
authors: A
authors: Bashir
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Muccigrosso
authors: Linda R
authors: LR
authors: Peterson
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Gropler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: arterial spin labeling; cardiovascular magnetic resonance; oxygen consumption; oxygen extraction fraction; skeletal muscle