title: Water quality assessment of a Central European River - does the Directive 2000/60/EC cover all the needs for a comprehensive classification?
abstract: Over the last decades, European rivers have mostly shared the same fate. Until the mid 1980s many of them were in rather bad shape. Nobody would have thought about using the waters for recreation. However, continuous efforts over the last three decades have achieved success and today's water quality has changed to the better. This obvious change in water quality, which was proved by investigations done on the basis of the European Directive 2000/60/EC framework for Community action in the field of water policy, made people consider using the rivers for recreation or irrigation. In the present study a Central European River was investigated from hygienic perspectives (faecal indicators), and its toxicological status was examined - both of which are parameters which are not included in the Directive 2000/60/EC. The pivotal question was whether these parameters provide essential and additional information about the river's status and its quality. In general, the monthly values for all sampling points from the toxicological tests correlated with the determined physical and chemical statuses according to the national water management plan. Once, however, the toxicological values did increase significantly. This detection of a single toxicological burst within a year of observation underlines the applicability of the tests as screening methods for the detection of toxic substances. Moreover, our microbiological investigations show high numbers of faecal indicators and Salmonellae. These results are not consistent with the apparently good quality of the river. Therefore faecal indicators, which are directly related to the discharge of waste water, should be an integral part of the procedure of water classification.
authors: Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria. clemens.kittinger@medunigraz.at
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Kittinger
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Marth
authors: F F
authors: FF
authors: Reinthaler
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Zarfel
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Pichler-Semmelrock
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Mascher
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mascher
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Mascher
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria; D054750:Ecotoxicology / Q000379:methods; D056569:Enterococcaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D058735:Environmental Policy; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D011998:Recreation; D045483:Rivers; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017524:Slovenia; D014871:Water Microbiology; D060753:Water Quality