title: Elevated serum and synovial fluid levels of interleukin-34 in rheumatoid arthritis: possible association with disease progression via interleukin-17 production.
abstract: To measure the levels of interleukin-34 (IL-34) in serum and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate the effect of recombination human (rh) IL-34 on IL-17 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in RA patients, the serum and SF levels of IL-34, and the production of IL-17 by rhIL-34-treated PBMC of RA patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also tested the change of IL-34 level after tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockade therapy in 30 RA patients. In contrast to almost no detectable IL-34 in osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy serum, IL-34 could be detected in 93 out of the 125 RA cases (74.4%). Sera IL-34 levels were significantly higher in RA patients compared with the controls and correlated with disease activity. IL-34 levels were higher in SF samples than in sera in 11 RA patients. The level of serum IL-34 decreased after anti-TNF treatment. In the presence of rhIL-34, stimulation of PBMC from RA patients resulted in increased production of IL-17. These findings suggest that IL-34 may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA.
authors: Department of Rheumatology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, China.
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Tian
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Shen
authors: Liping
authors: L
authors: Xia
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018450:Disease Progression; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D000069285:Infliximab; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001798:Blood Proteins; C529076:IL34 protein, human; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D020381:Interleukin-17; D007378:Interleukins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068800:Etanercept