title: Antimicrobial activity of LFF571 and three treatment agents against Clostridium difficile isolates collected for a pan-European survey in 2008: clinical and therapeutic implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In November 2008, a study was performed with support from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) to obtain an overview of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) in European hospitals. A collection of 398 C. difficile isolates obtained from this hospital-based survey was utilized to identify antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common C. difficile PCR ribotypes across Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MICs of three approved therapeutic agents (vancomycin, metronidazole and fidaxomicin) and LFF571 (a novel semi-synthetic thiopeptide antibiotic) were determined by the agar dilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MICs of fidaxomicin and LFF571 were in general 2-4-fold lower than those of vancomycin and metronidazole. Isolates belonging to clade 2, including the hypervirulent ribotype 027, had one-dilution higher MIC50 and MIC90 values for fidaxomicin and metronidazole, whereas similar MIC values were observed for vancomycin and LFF571. Isolates belonging to C. difficile PCR ribotype 001 were more susceptible to fidaxomicin than other frequently found PCR ribotypes 014/020 and 078. Six isolates from three different countries had a metronidazole MIC of 2 mg/L. Four of the six isolates were characterized as PCR ribotype 001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no evidence of in vitro resistance of C. difficile to any of the four agents tested. However, the results suggest type-specific differences in susceptibility for the treatment agents we investigated. Continuous surveillance of C. difficile isolates in Europe is needed to determine the possible clinical implications of ribotype-specific changes in susceptibility to therapeutic agents.
authors: Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: Sylvia B
authors: SB
authors: Debast
authors: Martijn P
authors: MP
authors: Bauer
authors: Ingrid M J G
authors: IM
authors: Sanders
authors: Mark H
authors: MH
authors: Wilcox
authors: Ed J
authors: EJ
authors: Kuijper
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects*; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D005060:Europe; D000077732:Fidaxomicin; D006801:Humans; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021521:Ribotyping; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000077732:Fidaxomicin; D008795:Metronidazole; D013844:Thiazoles; D014640:Vancomycin; C573298:LFF571; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic
keywords: MICs; fidaxomicin; metronidazole; vancomycin