title: Biological interaction between Sasa senanensis Rehder leaf extract and toothpaste ingredients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity of alkaline extract of the leaves of Sasa senanensis Rehder (SE). In order to manufacture an SE-containing toothpaste for combating oral diseases, we investigated the possible interaction between the candidate ingredients of toothpaste: SE, isopropyl methylphenol (IPMP, antibacterial agent) and charcoal prepared from Sasa senanensis Rehder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability of mock-infected, HIV-infected and UV-irradiated cells was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Superoxide radical scavenging activity was determined by electron-spin resonance spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC25175 was determined by the turbidity assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to less than 50% SE or less than 0.31 mM IPMP for 10 min scarcely damaged human cultured gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Both SE and IPMP showed bi-modal action, stimulating the bacterial growth at lower concentrations, but synergistically inhibiting it at higher concentrations. Addition of extremely high concentrations of charcoal enhanced both anti-HIV and anti-UV activity of SE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Practically, addition of charcoal may not be recommendable, since one or two orders higher concentrations of charcoal as compared with SE, are required to achieve the synergistic effect for anti-HIV and anti-UV activity. Rather, addition of about one tenth of the amount of IPMP may be recommendable for enhancing the antibacterial activity.
authors: Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan. sakagami@dent.meikai.ac.jp
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Sakagami
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Amano
authors: Toshikazu
authors: T
authors: Yasui
authors: Kazue
authors: K
authors: Satoh
authors: Seiji
authors: S
authors: Shioda
authors: Taisei
authors: T
authors: Kanamoto
authors: Shigemi
authors: S
authors: Terakubo
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Nakashima
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Watanabe
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Sugiura
authors: Madoka
authors: M
authors: Kitajima
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Oizumi
authors: Takaaki
authors: T
authors: Oizumi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002606:Charcoal; D000081007:Cymenes; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D031787:Sasa / Q000737:chemistry*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014100:Toothpastes; D002606:Charcoal; C073316:carvacrol