title: Screening for distress in cancer patients: a multicenter, nationwide study in Italy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Routine screening for distress is internationally recommended as a necessary standard for good cancer care, given its high prevalence and negative consequences on quality of life. The objective of the current study was to contribute to the Italian validation of the Distress Thermometer (DT) to determine whether the single item DT compared favorably with referent criterion measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 1108 outpatients with cancer were recruited from 38 representative oncology centers in Italy. Each participant completed the DT and a list of 34 possible cancer-related problems (the Problem List), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), and a short visual analog scale to determine the understandability of the tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that DT cutoff scores ≥ 4 and ≥ 5 had optimal sensitivity and specificity relative to both HADS and BSI-18 cutoff scores for general caseness and more severe psychological distress, respectively. Patients with DT scores ≥ 4 (cases) were more likely to be women; to have had psychological problems in the past; to report more stressful events in the last year; and to currently have more family, emotional, and physical problems related to cancer or cancer treatment. Patients indicated that the DT was easier to fill out and to understand than the HADS, but not the BSI-18.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DT was identified as a simple and effective screening instrument for detecting distress in Italian cancer patients as a first step toward more properly referring those in need to psychosocial intervention.
authors: Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. luigi.grassi@unife.it
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Grassi
authors: Christoffer
authors: C
authors: Johansen
authors: Maria Antonietta
authors: MA
authors: Annunziata
authors: Eleonora
authors: E
authors: Capovilla
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Costantini
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Gritti
authors: Riccardo
authors: R
authors: Torta
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Bellani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult