title: Study on the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase inhibitory properties of Agaricus bisporus and extraction of bioactive fractions using pressurised solvent technologies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Agaricus bisporus mushrooms were able to lower cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolaemic rats and it was suggested that dietary fibre might inhibit cholesterol absorption. However, A. bisporus extracts were also able to inhibit the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR, the key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway) and this might also contribute to the observed lowering of cholesterol levels in serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methanol-water extracts obtained from A. bisporus were able to inhibit up to 60% the HMGCR activity using an in vitro assay. The HMGCR inhibitory capacities depended on cultivation conditions, strains, etc. The potential inhibitors were not statins, they might be β-glucans able to scavenge the substrate and impair the enzymatic reaction. They were present during all mushroom developmental stages and similarly distributed through all the tissues including the parts discarded as a by-product. Accelerated solvent extractions using 1:1 ethanol-water as pressurised solvent (10.7 MPa, 25°C, five cycles of 5 min) were more effective in the extraction of the HMGCiR inhibitor(s) than supercritical fluid extractions (9 MPa, 40°C) using CO2 with 10% ethanol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A mushroom cultivation and two extraction procedures were optimised to obtain fractions from A. bisporus with high HMGCR inhibitory activities to design novel ingredients for hypocholesterolaemic functional foodstuffs.
authors: Department of Production and Characterization of New Foods, CIAL-Research Institute in Food Science (UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors: Alicia
authors: A
authors: Gil-Ramírez
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Clavijo
authors: Marimuthu
authors: M
authors: Palanisamy
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Ruiz-Rodríguez
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Navarro-Rubio
authors: Margarita
authors: M
authors: Pérez
authors: Francisco R
authors: FR
authors: Marín
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: Reglero
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Soler-Rivas
mesh_terms: D000364:Agaricus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012643:Selenium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D012643:Selenium
keywords: HMGCoA reductase cholesterol; cultivation; pressurised solvent extraction (PSE); supercritical fluid extraction (SFE); white button mushroom