title: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Parkinson disease.
abstract: Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) is difficult in early stages of disease, with high risk of misdiagnosis. The long preclinical phase of PD provides the possibility for early therapeutic intervention once disease-modifying therapies have been developed, but lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression represents a major obstacle to achievement of this goal. Accordingly, research efforts aimed at identification of novel biomarkers have been increasing in the past 5 years. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an accessible source of brain-derived proteins, which mirror molecular changes that take place in the CNS. In this Review, we discuss evidence from numerous studies that have focused on identification of candidate CSF biomarkers for PD. Notably, molecular pathways related to α-synuclein, tau and β-amyloid peptides have received considerable attention. CSF levels of the protein DJ-1 are also of interest, although further investigation of this candidate marker is required. These studies support the usefulness of a combination of various CSF biomarkers of PD to increase diagnostic accuracy during early phases of the disease, and to differentiate PD from other neurodegenerative disorders.
authors: Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, 06132 Santa Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy. parnetti@unipg.it
authors: Lucilla
authors: L
authors: Parnetti
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Castrioto
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Chiasserini
authors: Emanuele
authors: E
authors: Persichetti
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Tambasco
authors: Omar
authors: O
authors: El-Agnaf
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Calabresi
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; C430456:desmuslin; C105131:PARK7 protein, human; D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1