title: Concurrent outbreaks with co-infection of norovirus and Clostridium difficile in a long-term-care facility.
abstract: We describe an outbreak of simultaneous Clostridium difficile and norovirus infections in a long-term-care facility. Thirty patients experienced acute gastroenteritis, and four had co-infection with identical C. difficile 027 and genotype II.4 New Orleans norovirus strains. Co-occurring infection requires improved understanding of risk factors, clinical impact, and testing strategies.
authors: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Alison.Ludwig@va.gov
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ludwig
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Sato
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Schirmer
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Maniar
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Lucero-Obusan
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Fleming
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Ryono
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Oda
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Winters
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Holodniy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D006268:Health Facilities; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008875:Middle Aged; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors