title: The value of aneurysm volume and myocardial strain rate for evaluating cardiac function of ischemia-related left ventricular aneurysm in a rabbit model using real time three-dimensional echocardiographic imaging combined with speckle tracking imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) volume and myocardial strain on left ventricular function in a rabbit model using real time three-dimensional echocardiographic imaging (RT-3DE) combined with two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A rabbit model of LVA was prepared in 30 New Zealand rabbits by ligating the middle segment of the left anterior descending artery and the left circumflex artery (LVA group); 10 control rabbits underwent thoracotomy alone. Four weeks later, RT-3DE was performed to obtain data on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), and LVA volume. The peak short-axis radial (SrR) and circumferential (SrC) strain rates were measured using 2D-STI technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control rabbits, LVA group rabbits had significant left ventricular enlargement at the end-systolic and end-diastolic phases (both P < 0.05). LVEF, SrR-Systolic, and SrC-Systolic were significantly lower in the LVA group (all P < 0.05). Moreover, there were high correlations between LVEF and SrC-Systolic anterior wall, SrR-Systolic anterior wall, SrC-Systolic lateral wall, and SrR-Systolic lateral wall (r = -0.895, -0.887, -0.890, -0.891, respectively, all P < 0.05). Of note, LVA volume/LVEDV had the tightest inverse relationship with LVEF (r = -0.911, P < 0.01). Specifically, LVA volume/LVEDV >16% corresponded to LVEF <50%, and LVEF decreased 1.1% while LVA volume/LVEDV increased 1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LVA volume/LVEDV provided a sensitive indicator reflecting cardiac function with LVA. Measurement of various parameters using RT-3DE might be a useful means to evaluate cardiac function after LVA formation.
authors: Department of Echocardiography, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Zhai
authors: Yuming
authors: Y
authors: Mu
authors: Lina
authors: L
authors: Guan
authors: Yanhong
authors: Y
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003199:Computer Systems; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume
keywords: aneurysm; cardiac imaging; strain