title: Anthocyanins from black soybean seed coat enhance wound healing.
abstract: Anthocyanins are known to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. We hypothesized that anthocyanins would enhance wound healing in Sprague-Dawley rats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our hypothesis and investigate the mechanism of wound healing enhancement. The cytoprotective effect of an immortalized epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and human neonatal dermal fibroblasts in response to various concentrations of anthocyanins was determined. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) of HaCaT were measured by Western blot analysis. Anthocyanins were applied to the wounds in rats, and the healing ratio was calculated. Tissue VEGF, TSP1, CD31, nuclear factor-κB, and phosphorylation of IκBα were measured. The viability of the HaCaT cell line and human neonatal dermal fibroblasts increased under cytotoxicity by H2O2 in the anthocyanin-treated groups. The VEGF in the anthocyanin-treated groups increased, whereas TSP1 decreased. Wounds in the experimental groups healed faster, and VEGF and CD31 increased in the experimental groups, whereas TSP1 decreased. Anthocyanins inhibited the translocation of nuclear factor-κB (p65) from cytosol to nucleus and also prevented the phosphorylation of IκBα. Anthocyanins enhance wound healing through a cytoprotective effect, enhancement of angiogenesis, and an antiinflammatory effect.
authors: From the *Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Departments of †Internal Medicine, ‡Diagnostic Radiology, and §Pathology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; ∥Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Departments of ¶Chemisty, and #Agronomy, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea; **Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea; and ††Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors: Lianji
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: Tae Hyun
authors: TH
authors: Choi
authors: Sukwha
authors: S
authors: Kim
authors: Sang-Hyon
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Hyuk Won
authors: HW
authors: Chang
authors: Misun
authors: M
authors: Choe
authors: Sun Young
authors: SY
authors: Kwon
authors: Ji An
authors: JA
authors: Hur
authors: Sung Chul
authors: SC
authors: Shin
authors: Jong Il
authors: JI
authors: Chung
authors: Dawon
authors: D
authors: Kang
authors: Duo
authors: D
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012639:Seeds; D013025:Glycine max; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D003603:Cytotoxins; C481348:SPZ1 protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide