title: Psychiatric disorders among individuals who drive after the recent use of alcohol and drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among drivers , as well as the association between recent alcohol and drug use and psychiatric diagnoses using telephone interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Drivers (n = 1,134) included in a roadside survey from 25 Brazilian state capitals were given a breathalyzer test, and their saliva was tested for psychoactive drugs. A telephone interview was conducted to perform psychiatric disorder evaluations using the MINI. This association was analyzed with a Poisson regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of any psychiatric disorder was 40.5% among drivers with recent alcohol or drug use, compared with 12.9% among the other drivers. Alcohol/drug-positive drivers reported a higher prevalence of depression (19.4%), mania (6.5%), hypomania (5.4%), post-traumatic stress disorder (8.6%), antisocial personality (7.8%), and substance/alcohol abuse or dependence (48.1%) compared with other drivers (3.5, 2.5, 2.1, 0.5, 1.3 and 18.3% [p < 0.001], respectively). Drivers with recent alcohol or drug use were 2.5 times more likely to have a psychiatric diagnosis (CI: 1.8-3.6, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study in a low-/middle-income country to evaluate psychiatric disorders in drivers with recent alcohol or drug using telephone interviews. Psychiatric disorders were found to be associated with drug and alcohol use. This type of epidemiological information for curtailing related driving problems, as these psychiatric conditions are diagnosable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study can aid in the design of interventions, treatment programs and focused psychiatric evaluations, both in Brazil and abroad.
authors: Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. sifaller@yahoo.com.br
authors: Sibele
authors: S
authors: Faller
authors: J Matthew
authors: JM
authors: Webster
authors: Carl G
authors: CG
authors: Leukefeld
authors: Daniela Benzano
authors: DB
authors: Bumaguin
authors: Paulina do Carmo Arruda Vieira
authors: Pdo C
authors: Duarte
authors: Raquel
authors: R
authors: De Boni
authors: Flavio
authors: F
authors: Pechansky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult