title: Methylation status of imprinted genes DLK1-GTL2, MEST (PEG1), ZAC (PLAGL1), and LINE-1 elements in spermatozoa of normozoospermic men, unlike H19 imprinting control regions, is not associated with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous miscarriages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study methylation aberrations in spermatozoa at developmentally important imprinted regions to ascertain their role in early embryo loss in idiopathic recurrent spontaneous miscarriages (RSM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic research setting at National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male partners of couples with a history of RSM and male partners of couples with proven fertility (control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA methylation levels at imprinting control regions of DLK1-GTL2, MEST (PEG1), and ZAC (PLAGL1) by Epityper Massarray and global methylation levels as measured by LINE-1 methylation and anti-5-methyl cytosine antibody in spermatozoa of 23 men in control group and 23 men in RSM group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not observe any aberration in the total methylation levels in any of the imprinted genes or global methylation analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that paternal methylation aberrations at imprinting control regions of DLK1-GTL2, MEST (PEG1), and ZAC (PLAGL1) and global methylation levels are not associated with idiopathic RSM and may not be good epigenetic markers (unlike the H-19 imprinting control region) for diagnosis of idiopathic RSM.
authors: Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India.
authors: Mandar
authors: M
authors: Ankolkar
authors: Vinita
authors: V
authors: Salvi
authors: Himangi
authors: H
authors: Warke
authors: Babu Rao
authors: BR
authors: Vundinti
authors: N H
authors: NH
authors: Balasinor
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics*; D018392:Genomic Imprinting / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020084:Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C512941:DLK1 protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C498907:MEG3 non-coding RNA, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C106464:PLAGL1 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C103637:mesoderm specific transcript protein