title: Single and combined effects of estrone and 17β-estradiol on male goldfish.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the single and combined effects of estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2) on goldfish (Carassius auratus).
  
  
  METHODS
  Batch tests were conducted. Serum levels of vitellogenin (VTG) and E2, gonadosomatic indices (GSI), gonadal DNA damage and liver 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were measured after exposure for 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VTG level increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. The serum E2 level was significantly higher and the GSI level was significantly lower in goldfish after exposed to the 3 drugs. DNA damage occurred in treated samples and EROD activity was significantly suppressed 7 days after exposure. The joint effect of E1 and E2 was additive with regard to VTG induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study highlight a series of effects of steroidal estrogens on goldfish. Further study is needed to confirm their effect as a whole.
authors: Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, China.
authors: Zhen Hua
authors: ZH
authors: Yan
authors: Guang Hua
authors: GH
authors: Lu
authors: Xiao Fan
authors: XF
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004970:Estrone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006054:Goldfish; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D014819:Vitellogenins; D004970:Estrone; D004958:Estradiol; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
keywords: Carassius auratus; DNA damage; EROD activity; Vitellogenin