title: Combined therapy of cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of birdshot retinochoroidopathy: a 12-month follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively report a 12-month follow up for combined therapy with systemic cyclosporine A (CSA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MM) in treatment of patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy (BSRC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-eight eyes of patients who received CSA and MM for the treatment of BSRC were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were followed for at least five visits during the study, or until treatment failure, or loss of follow-up. Clinical data were analysed using a Student paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, McNemar's test, and Kaplan -Meier survival curve. Side effects related to therapy were also recorded. Main outcome measures included best-corrected logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity, vitreous inflammation, fluorescein angiography pathologic features, and electroretinogram recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitreous inflammation scores at baseline and at 1 year were statistically significantly reduced in both eyes (p<0.001; p=0.001). The presence of angiographic leakage at the 1-year follow-up was significantly reduced (p=0.004). However, the presence of cystoid macular oedema (p=0.32) and comparison of electroretinogram 30-Hz amplitude revealed no significant reduction between baseline and 1-year values for either eye (p=0.61, p=0.87); nonetheless, 30-Hz implicit times were statistically significantly shorter at the end of follow-up for both eyes (p<0.001, p=0.035). Thirty-one patients (67.4%) achieved inflammation control at the 1-year endpoint. Side effects were transient, and resolved after lowering or withholding IMT for a few weeks in the majority of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that combined IMT with CSA and MM for BSRC is well tolerated and associated with long-term control of inflammation.
authors: Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors: Rene Antonio
authors: RA
authors: Cervantes-Castañeda
authors: Luis Alonso
authors: LA
authors: Gonzalez-Gonzalez
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Cordero-Coma
authors: Taygan
authors: T
authors: Yilmaz
authors: C Stephen
authors: CS
authors: Foster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000080365:Birdshot Chorioretinopathy; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid