title: Alcohol-attributable cancer deaths and years of potential life lost in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to provide current estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer mortality and years of potential life lost (YPLL) in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 2 methods to calculate population-attributable fractions. We based relative risks on meta-analyses published since 2000, and adult alcohol consumption on data from the 2009 Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and 2009-2010 National Alcohol Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol consumption resulted in an estimated 18,200 to 21,300 cancer deaths, or 3.2% to 3.7% of all US cancer deaths. The majority of alcohol-attributable female cancer deaths were from breast cancer (56% to 66%), whereas upper airway and esophageal cancer deaths were more common among men (53% to 71%). Alcohol-attributable cancers resulted in 17.0 to 19.1 YPLL for each death. Daily consumption of up to 20 grams of alcohol (≤ 1.5 drinks) accounted for 26% to 35% of alcohol-attributable cancer deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol remains a major contributor to cancer mortality and YPLL. Higher consumption increases risk but there is no safe threshold for alcohol and cancer risk. Reducing alcohol consumption is an important and underemphasized cancer prevention strategy.
authors: National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7105, USA. nelsonde@mail.nih.gov
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Nelson
authors: Dwayne W
authors: DW
authors: Jarman
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Rehm
authors: Thomas K
authors: TK
authors: Greenfield
authors: Grégoire
authors: G
authors: Rey
authors: William C
authors: WC
authors: Kerr
authors: Paige
authors: P
authors: Miller
authors: Kevin D
authors: KD
authors: Shield
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Ye
authors: Timothy S
authors: TS
authors: Naimi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000401:mortality*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology