title: Effector-triggered versus pattern-triggered immunity: how animals sense pathogens.
abstract: A fundamental question regarding any immune system is how it can discriminate between pathogens and non-pathogens. Here, we discuss how this discrimination can be mediated by a surveillance system distinct from pattern-recognition receptors that recognize conserved microbial patterns. It can be based instead on the ability of the host to sense perturbations in host cells induced by bacterial toxins or 'effectors' that are encoded by pathogenic microorganisms. Such 'effector-triggered immunity' was previously demonstrated mainly in plants, but recent data confirm that animals can also use this strategy.
authors: Developmental Immunology/CCIB, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. lstuart@partners.org
authors: Lynda M
authors: LM
authors: Stuart
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Paquette
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Boyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005407:Flagella / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance / Q000276:immunology; D054892:Metagenome / Q000276:immunology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D011494:Protein Kinases; C411853:FLS2 protein, Arabidopsis