title: Geniculate artery embolization in the management of spontaneous recurrent hemarthrosis of the knee: case series.
abstract: Spontaneous recurrent hemarthrosis after knee arthroplasty is reported to occur in 0.3%-1% of patients, likely secondary to hypertrophic vascular synovium. Five patients who underwent previous arthroplasty presented with spontaneous hemarthrosis. Selective arterial embolization was performed with spherical embolic particles (diameter range, 100-700 μm). Angiography demonstrated synovial hypervascularity with geniculate artery "tumor blush" appearance in all patients. Average time to resolution of effusion was 2.6 weeks, with no recurrences reported during follow-up (mean, 25.4 mo; range, 16-48 mo). Two patients experienced transient cutaneous ischemia. Selective geniculate artery embolization with spherical embolic particles is an effective treatment for spontaneous recurrent hemarthrosis of the knee.
authors: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Inova Alexandria Hospital, 4320 Seminary Rd., Alexandria, VA 22304, USA. sbagla@alexandriaradiology.com
authors: Sandeep
authors: S
authors: Bagla
authors: Kenneth S
authors: KS
authors: Rholl
authors: Arina
authors: A
authors: van Breda
authors: Keith M
authors: KM
authors: Sterling
authors: Arletta
authors: A
authors: van Breda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006395:Hemarthrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome