title: Development and validation of a functional disability index for chronic low back pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a valid and reliable functional disability scale for chronic low back pain (CLBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatients and outpatients suffering from low back pain (LBP) for at least 3 months were selected randomly. Patients with inflammatory LBP were not recruited. Interrater reliability and Cronbach's α were examined. Face, content, convergent and divergent validities were investigated. Factor Analysis and pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  112 patients (71 females) with a mean age of 39.93 (SD: 12.92) answered the 66 questions on the provisional scale. Elimination left 18 daily activity questions. The interrater reliability of the scale was 0.79 and Cronbach's α was 0.90. Face and content validities were determined. It showed good convergence with the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (r: 0.82), the Oswestry Disability Index (r: 0.76), Waddell's Functional Index (r: 0.68), and the Visual Analog Scale of Handicap (VAS-handicap) (r: 0.49) The scale showed no significant or fair relationship (divergence) with VAS-lumbar, VAS-radicular, Beck Depression Inventory, morning stiffness, night pain, finger tip-ground distance, radicular pain duration, or modified Schöber's index. The scale had two main factors. First represents activities implicating forward bending and second represents standing activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A practical functional disability scale for CLBP was developed and validated.
authors: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Rheumatology Division, Celal Bayar University Medical School, Manisa, Turkey. tuncayduruoz@gmail.com
authors: Mehmet Tuncay
authors: MT
authors: Duruöz
authors: Emel
authors: E
authors: Özcan
authors: Aysegül
authors: A
authors: Ketenci
authors: Ayse
authors: A
authors: Karan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult