title: The prevalence and trends of antiviral medication use during pregnancy in the US: a population-based study of 664,297 deliveries in 2001-2007.
abstract: To evaluate the prevalence, trends, timing and duration of exposure to antiviral medications during pregnancy within a US cohort of pregnant women and to evaluate the proportion of deliveries with a viral infection diagnosis among women given antiviral medication during pregnancy. Live-born deliveries between 2001 and 2007, to women aged 15-45 years, were included from the Medication Exposure in Pregnancy Risk Evaluation Program, a collaborative research program between the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and eleven health plans. They were evaluated for prevalence, timing, duration, and temporal trends of exposure to antiviral medications during pregnancy. We also calculated the proportion of deliveries with a viral infection diagnosis among those exposed to antiviral medications. Among 664,297 live births, the overall prevalence of antiviral exposure during pregnancy was 4 % (n = 25,155). Between 2001 and 2007, antiviral medication exposure during pregnancy doubled from 2.5 to 5 %. The most commonly used antiviral medication was acyclovir, with 3 % of the deliveries being exposed and most of the exposure occurring after the 1st trimester. Most deliveries exposed to antiviral medications were exposed for less than 30 days (2 % of all live births). Forty percent of the women delivering an infant exposed to antiviral medications had a herpes diagnosis. Our findings highlight the increased prevalence of women delivering an infant exposed to antiviral medications over time. These findings support the need for large, well-designed studies to assess the safety and effectiveness of these medications during pregnancy.
authors: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA. Lyndsay.A.Avalos@kp.org.
authors: Lyndsay A
authors: LA
authors: Avalos
authors: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
authors: Chunmei
authors: C
authors: Yang
authors: Meyers Primary Care Institute and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors: Susan E
authors: SE
authors: Andrade
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors: William O
authors: WO
authors: Cooper
authors: Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
authors: Craig T
authors: CT
authors: Cheetham
authors: Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Davis
authors: Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors: Sascha
authors: S
authors: Dublin
authors: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors: Tarek A
authors: TA
authors: Hammad
authors: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors: Sigal
authors: S
authors: Kaplan
authors: HealthPartners Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors: Pamala A
authors: PA
authors: Pawloski
authors: Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors: Marsha A
authors: MA
authors: Raebel
authors: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors: Pamela E
authors: PE
authors: Scott
authors: Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA.
authors: David H
authors: DH
authors: Smith
authors: Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Sengwee
authors: S
authors: Toh
authors: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.|Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors: De-Kun
authors: DK
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents