title: Meniere's disease: a reappraisal supported by a variable latency of symptoms and the MRI visualisation of endolymphatic hydrops.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the onset of vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus in Ménière's disease and the associated endolymphatic hydrops (EH) of the inner ear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre evaluation of three patient groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disease-specific symptoms were reviewed among referred patients in a tertiary referral hospital in Finland and in members of a Finnish Ménière Association in Finland. The MRI of a separate group of patients was undertaken in a tertiary referral centre in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  340 patients were reviewed in the referral hospital along with 740 members of the Ménière Association. MRI was undertaken in 224 patients in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Latency and symptom development in Ménière's disease, and the appearance of EH of the inner ear in monosymptomatic patients and in Ménière's disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the first symptom was 43.8 years, with 10% of the patients being older than 65 years. The time delay between hearing loss and vertigo was more than 5 years in 20% of the members and of the patients. Gadolinium-contrasted MRI demonstrated EH in 90% of the patients with Ménière's disease, in which 75% was bilateral among patients with unilateral symptoms. In monosymptomatic patients with vertigo, tinnitus or hearing loss; EH was demonstrated in 55-90% of the patients either in the cochlea and/or the vestibulum of the symptomatic ear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ménière's disease often shows bilateral EH and comprises a continuum from a monosymptomatic disease to the typical symptom complex of the disease. We suggest that a 3T MRI measurement should be carried out in patients with sensory-neural hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus, 4 h after the intravenous injection of a gadolinium-contrast agent to verify the inner ear pathology. This may lead to a better management of the condition.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology,  University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere,  Finland.
authors: Ilmari
authors: I
authors: Pyykkö
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Nakashima
authors: Tadao
authors: T
authors: Yoshida
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zou
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Naganawa