title: Serum butyrylcholinesterase and the risk of future type 2 diabetes: the Kansai Healthcare Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Butyrylcholinesterase is synthesized in the liver. The serum butyrylcholinesterase level has been cross-sectionally reported to be higher in patients with diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and fatty liver than in those without them. It is not known whether serum butyrylcholinesterase is associated with the risk of future type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 8470 Japanese men aged 40-55 years without type 2 diabetes at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed if a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level was ≥7·0 mmol/l, if a HbA1 c level was ≥6·5% or if participants were taking oral hypoglycaemic medication or insulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 42,227 person-years of follow-up, 868 cases had developed type 2 diabetes. Serum butyrylcholinesterase was significantly positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), FPG, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and triglycerides (TG), whereas negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In Cox proportional hazards models, after adjusting for age, BMI, FPG, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, walk to work, regular leisure-time physical activity and family history of diabetes, the highest quartile (398-806 IU/l) of serum butyrylcholinesterase increased the risk of type 2 diabetes compared with the lowest quartile (56-311 IU/l) [hazard ratio (HR) 1·41 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1·14-1·74)]. After further adjusting for ALT and GGT, this association remained [HR 1·40 (95% CI, 1·13-1·73)]. Furthermore, this association was significant independent of TG and HDL cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated serum butyrylcholinesterase was independently associated with an increased risk of future type 2 diabetes.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Kyoko Kogawa
authors: KK
authors: Sato
authors: Tomoshige
authors: T
authors: Hayashi
authors: Isseki
authors: I
authors: Maeda
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Koh
authors: Nobuko
authors: N
authors: Harita
authors: Shinichiro
authors: S
authors: Uehara
authors: Yukiko
authors: Y
authors: Onishi
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Oue
authors: Yoshiko
authors: Y
authors: Nakamura
authors: Ginji
authors: G
authors: Endo
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Kambe
authors: Kanji
authors: K
authors: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase