title: Bisphenol A treatment by the hot persulfate process: oxidation products and acute toxicity.
abstract: In this study, a thermally activated persulfate oxidation process was investigated to treat aqueous Bisphenol A (BPA) solution. The effect of temperature (40-50-60-70°C), initial pH (pH=3.0, 6.5, 9.0 and 11.0) and persulfate concentration (0-20mM) on bisphenol A (BPA) and TOC removals was examined. The activation energy for hot persulfate oxidation of BPA was calculated as 184 ± 12 kJ/mol. Acidic and neutral pH values were more favorable for BPA oxidation than basic pH values. TOC removals did not exhibit a specific pattern with varying initial pHs. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was employed to identify oxidation products. Several aromatic and a few aliphatic compounds could be detected including benzaldehyde, p-isopropenyl phenol, 2,3-dimethyl benzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-benzoic acid, ethylene glycol monoformate and succinic acid. Acute toxicity tests conducted with Vibrio fischeri indicated that the inhibitory effect of 88 μM BPA solution originally being 58%, increased to 84% after 30 min and decreased to 22% after 90 min hot persulfate treatment that could be attributed to the formation and subsequent disappearance of oxidation products.
authors: Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: tolmez@itu.edu.tr.
authors: Tugba
authors: T
authors: Olmez-Hanci
authors: Idil
authors: I
authors: Arslan-Alaton
authors: Bora
authors: B
authors: Genc
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D001681:Biological Assay; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001565:Benzoates; D019817:Benzoic Acid; D002244:Carbon; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D016877:Oxidants; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D010100:Oxygen; D010636:Phenols; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D019802:Succinic Acid; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C086734:2,3-dimethylbenzoic acid; C028482:1,2-ethanediol monoformate; C009007:potassium persulfate; C028690:4-isopropylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; C032175:benzaldehyde
keywords: Acute toxicity; Bisphenol A; GC/MS analyses; Hot persulfate treatment; Oxidation products