title: Identification of organic acids in Cichorium intybus inhibiting virulence-related properties of oral pathogenic bacteria.
abstract: The low molecular mass (LMM) extract of Cichorium intybus var. silvestre (red chicory) has been shown to inhibit virulence-linked properties of oral pathogens including Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii and Prevotella intermedia. In the present study HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(2) was used to investigate the compounds contained in this extract for their anti-virulence activity. The extract contained a number of components, including oxalic, succinic, shikimic and quinic acids, which interfere with the growth and virulence traits (i.e., biofilm formation, adherence to epithelial cells and hydroxyapatite) of oral pathogens involved in gingivitis and tooth decay. Succinic and quinic acid seem to be the most potent, mainly by interfering with the ability of oral pathogens to form biofilms (either through inhibition of their development or promotion of their disruption). Our findings suggest that one or more of these compounds may modulate plaque formation in vivo, which is a prerequisite for the development of both caries and gingivitis.
authors: Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy. adele.papetti@unipv.it
authors: Adele
authors: A
authors: Papetti
authors: Dora
authors: D
authors: Mascherpa
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Carazzone
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Stauder
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Spratt
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Wilson
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Pratten
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Ciric
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Lingström
authors: Egija
authors: E
authors: Zaura
authors: Ervin
authors: E
authors: Weiss
authors: Itzak
authors: I
authors: Ofek
authors: Caterina
authors: C
authors: Signoretto
authors: Carla
authors: C
authors: Pruzzo
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: Gazzani
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000190:Actinomyces / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D018651:Cichorium intybus / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts