title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity as a potential biomarker of immune suppression during visceral leishmaniasis.
abstract: Leishmania parasites induce an immunomodulation by subverting the host immune response towards a CD4(+) Th2 lymphocytic cell response that favors parasite persistence. Here, we report that after successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum, an immune reconstitution syndrome revealing hip septic arthritis was associated with a switch from Th2 towards a Th1 cytokine profile, and a decrease in the level of immunomodulating factors, such as soluble HLA-G and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity. We then measured IDO activity in a cohort of 39 patients and uninfected control subjects. Results showed significantly enhanced IDO activity in patients with visceral Leishmania infection, compared with uninfected control subjects (P < 0.001), but also compared with treated patients (P < 0.05). A decrease in IDO activity could constitute a relevant biomarker for the restoration of the immune response during visceral leishmaniasis.
authors: 1INSERM U 1085 - IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), Université Rennes 1, France.
authors: Jean-Pierre
authors: JP
authors: Gangneux
authors: Yves
authors: Y
authors: Poinsignon
authors: Ludovic
authors: L
authors: Donaghy
authors: Laurence
authors: L
authors: Amiot
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Tarte
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Mary
authors: Florence
authors: F
authors: Robert-Gangneux
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006615:Hip / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007159:Immunologic Tests; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000097:blood*; D007223:Infant; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
keywords: 3-dioxygenase; HLA-G; Indoleamine 2; Leishmania; immune reconstitution syndrome; immune response; visceral leishmaniasis