title: Phylogenetic analysis of Enterovirus 71 circulating in Beijing, China from 2007 to 2009.
abstract: The major pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Beijing, China from 2007 to 2009 were identified in this study. A total of 186 HFMD cases were included, and 136 cases (73%) were positive for enterovirus (EV). In 2007, 75% (27/36) were Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) positive and 19% (7/36) were Enterovirus 71 (EV71) positive cases. However, EV71 was the predominant virus in 2008, when 56% (31/55) of the cases were positive for EV71 and 22% (12/55) were positive for CA16. In 2009, EV71 and CA16, with positive rates of 36% (16/45) and 29% (13/45), respectively, were still the major pathogens of HFMD. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the dominant genotype of EV71 was C4, with co-circulation of genotype A in 2009. The prevalent cluster of the EV71 subgenotype C4 changed over time. A proposed new sublineage of EV71, C4a-2, was the predominant virus associated with the Beijing and nationwide HFMD outbreaks since 2008 and amino acid substitution, which possibly link to the central nervous system tropism of EV71, was found in genotype A viruses. Persistent surveillance of HFMD-associated pathogens is required for predicting potential emerging viruses and related disease outbreaks.
authors: Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Junping
authors: J
authors: Zhu
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Luo
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Zigang
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Dongying
authors: D
authors: Fan
authors: Na
authors: N
authors: Gao
authors: Guoling
authors: G
authors: Ping
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Zhou
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: An
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral