title: Infection and treatment immunizations for successful parasite vaccines.
abstract: Since the advent of techniques for the expression of recombinant peptide antigens, the availability of human vaccines for parasitic diseases has been 'imminent'. Yet vaccines based on recombinant proteins are still largely aspirations, not realities. It is now apparent that vaccine development needs additional knowledge about host protective immune response(s), antigen characteristics, and the delivery required to induce those responses. The most successful immune protection against parasites has been generated by infection and treatment, the induction of protective immunity by truncating the course of an infection with drug treatment. Here, we consider the characteristics of an effective, protective anti-parasite vaccine and propose a conceptual framework to aid parasite vaccine development using malaria and schistosomiasis as examples.
authors: Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK. fmutapi@staffmail.ed.ac.uk
authors: Francisca
authors: F
authors: Mutapi
authors: Peter F
authors: PF
authors: Billingsley
authors: W Evan
authors: WE
authors: Secor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D010271:Parasites / Q000276:immunology*; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic