title: Trends in energy intake among adults in the United States: findings from NHANES.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Energy intake is a key determinant of weight.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to examine trends in energy intake in adults in the United States from 1971-1975 to 2009-2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a trend analysis of 9 national surveys in the United States that included data from 63,761 adults aged 20-74 y.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted mean energy intake increased from 1955 kcal/d during 1971-1975 to 2269 kcal/d during 2003-2004 and then declined to 2195 kcal/d during 2009-2010 (P-linear trend < 0.001, P-nonlinear trend < 0.001). During the period from 1999-2000 to 2009-2010, no significant linear trend in energy intake was observed (P = 0.058), but a significant nonlinear trend was noted (P = 0.042), indicating a downward trend in energy intake. Significant decreases in energy intake from 1999-2000 to 2009-2010 were noted for participants aged 20-39 y, men, women, and participants with a BMI (in kg/m(2)) of 18.5 to <25 and ≥30.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After decades of increases, mean energy intake has decreased significantly since 2003-2004.
authors: Divisions of Population Health and Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. eford@cdc.gov
authors: Earl S
authors: ES
authors: Ford
authors: William H
authors: WH
authors: Dietz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet / Q000639:trends*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity; D012016:Reference Values; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult