title: Serum osteopontin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal 5-year survival rate of 5%. There is an urgent need for early detection while the tumors are small and surgically resectable. We assessed serum osteopontin (OPN) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in a novel cohort of patients with pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Osteopontin and TIMP-1 levels were determined in sera from 86 patients with PDAC, 86 healthy control subjects, and 48 patients with chronic pancreatitis. Regression models were used to relate OPN and TIMP-1 to sex, age, stage, class, and treatment. Survival analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate Cox models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of both OPN and TIMP-1 distinguished PDAC from chronic pancreatitis (P ≤ 0.0001) and healthy control subjects (P < 0.0001). The serum levels of both OPN and TIMP-1 also distinguished early-stage resectable PDAC cases from chronic pancreatitis (P < 0.04) and healthy control subjects (P < 0.01). High serum levels of OPN were significantly correlated with reduced patient survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum OPN and TIMP-1 have use as diagnostic biomarkers in PDAC. Our data suggest a potential benefit of using OPN, TIMP-1, and CA 19-9 in a panel to improve diagnostic accuracy in PDAC.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
authors: Katherine E
authors: KE
authors: Poruk
authors: Matthew A
authors: MA
authors: Firpo
authors: Courtney L
authors: CL
authors: Scaife
authors: Douglas G
authors: DG
authors: Adler
authors: Lyska L
authors: LL
authors: Emerson
authors: Kenneth M
authors: KM
authors: Boucher
authors: Sean J
authors: SJ
authors: Mulvihill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000097:blood*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D013997:Time Factors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; C506895:SPP1 protein, human; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D053495:Osteopontin