title: Preoperative pulmonary embolism does not predict poor postoperative outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous thrombus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with renal cell carcinoma who present with pulmonary embolism and venous thrombus may not be offered surgery because of presumed poor postoperative outcomes. In this multicenter study we evaluated perioperative mortality, recurrence and cancer specific survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous thrombus diagnosed with preoperative pulmonary embolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed consecutive patient records from our 3 tertiary hospitals to identify patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous thrombus treated with surgery from 2000 to 2011. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to evaluate whether preoperative pulmonary embolism or other clinical variables were associated with postoperative disease recurrence or cancer specific survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulmonary embolism was identified preoperatively in 35 of 782 patients (4.4%) with renal cell carcinoma. Those with pulmonary embolism preoperatively were more likely to have higher level thrombus and higher T stage (p <0.01). No differences were found in other clinical or pathological features between the groups. There was no difference in 90-day mortality in patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism preoperatively. Of 395 patients without metastasis preoperatively 147 (37.2%) showed metastatic renal cell carcinoma at a median followup of 22 months. There was no difference in the recurrence rate of renal cell carcinoma in patients with pulmonary embolism (p = 0.36). Recurrence in the lung was not more common in patients with vs without pulmonary embolism preoperatively (p = 0.71). Also, preoperative pulmonary embolism was not predictive of worse cancer specific survival (p = 0.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative pulmonary embolism is not associated with worse early mortality, recurrence or cancer specific survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and tumor thrombus.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2281, USA. abel@urology.wisc.edu
authors: E Jason
authors: EJ
authors: Abel
authors: Christopher G
authors: CG
authors: Wood
authors: Nathan
authors: N
authors: Eickstaedt
authors: Justin E
authors: JE
authors: Fang
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Kenney
authors: Aditya
authors: A
authors: Bagrodia
authors: Ramy F
authors: RF
authors: Youssef
authors: Arthur I
authors: AI
authors: Sagalowsky
authors: Vitaly
authors: V
authors: Margulis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D017131:Thrombectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: CT; IVC; PE; RCC; carcinoma; computerized tomography; inferior vena cava; kidney; mortality; pulmonary embolism; renal cell; renal cell carcinoma; thrombosis