title: Functions of TGF-β-exposed plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
abstract: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) belong to the family of dendritic cells and possess specific features that distinguish them from conventional dendritic cells. For instance, pDC are the main interferon-alpha-secreting cells. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells exert both proinflammatory and regulatory functions. This is attested by the involvement of pDC through interferon-alpha secretion in several autoimmune diseases, and by the implication of pDC in tolerance. The same is true for TGF-β that plays a dual role in inflammation. In this review, we discuss recent data on pDC and TGF-β interactions. As with many cell types, pDCs are able to respond to TGF-β using the classic Smad signaling pathway. In addition, pDCs are capable to secrete TGF-β, in particular in response to TGF-β exposure. Exposure of pDCs to TGF-β prevents type I interferon secretion in response to TLR7/9 ligands. In contrast, the consequences of TGF-β on the antigen-presenting cell capacities of pDC are less clear, since TGF-β-exposed pDCs may lead to both regulatory T-cell and interleukin-17-secreting cell polarization. Here, we discuss the factors that may influence this polarization. We also discuss how pDCs exposed to TGF-β may participate in tolerance induction and maintenance, or, on the contrary, in autoimmune diseases.
authors: INSERM UMR1098, F25020 Besancon cedex, France.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Saas
authors: Sylvain
authors: S
authors: Perruche
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C412403:DIABLO protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta