title: Targeted vertical cross-sectional imaging with handheld near-infrared dual axes confocal fluorescence endomicroscope.
abstract: We demonstrate vertical cross-sectional (XZ-plane) images of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence with a handheld dual axes confocal endomicroscope that reveals specific binding of a Cy5.5-labeled peptide to pre-malignant colonic mucosa. This view is perpendicular to the tissue surface, and is similar to that used by pathologists. The scan head is 10 mm in outer diameter (OD), and integrates a one dimensional (1-D) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) X-axis scanner and a bulky lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based Z-axis actuator. The microscope images in a raster-scanning pattern with a ±6 degrees (mechanical) scan angle at ~3 kHz in the X-axis (fast) and up to 10 Hz (0-400 μm) in the Z-axis (slow). Vertical cross-sectional fluorescence images are collected with a transverse and axial resolution of 4 and 5 μm, respectively, over a field-of-view of 800 μm (width) × 400 μm (depth). NIR vertical cross-sectional fluorescence images of fresh mouse colonic mucosa demonstrate histology-like imaging performance with this miniature instrument.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,  USA.
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Qiu
authors: Zhongyao
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Xiyu
authors: X
authors: Duan
authors: Supang
authors: S
authors: Khondee
authors: Bishnu
authors: B
authors: Joshi
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Mandella
authors: Kenn
authors: K
authors: Oldham
authors: Katsuo
authors: K
authors: Kurabayashi
authors: Thomas D
authors: TD
authors: Wang
keywords: (170.1790) Confocal microscopy; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.4580) Optical diagnostics for medicine; (170.5810) Scanning microscopy