title: Leptin and its association with somatic depressive symptoms in patients with the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to determine the association between circulating leptin levels and total depressive symptoms as well as depressive symptom dimensions (cognitive and somatic) after controlling for important confounding factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample was comprised of 135 participants with the metabolic syndrome. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Leptin was measured using a leptin-specific enzyme immunoassay. Inflammation was assessed using C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin was significantly associated with somatic depressive symptoms (β = 0.33, P = 0.018), but not total depressive symptoms (β = 0.27, P = 0.067) or cognitive depressive symptoms (β = 0.21, P = 0.182), after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and insulin resistance. Further adjustment for C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels did not alter the relationship (β = 0.32, P = 0.023) between circulating leptin levels and somatic depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin is independently associated with somatic depressive symptoms in patients with the metabolic syndrome.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, P.O. Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0751, USA. dchirinos-medina@psy.miami.edu
authors: Diana A
authors: DA
authors: Chirinos
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Goldberg
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Gellman
authors: Armando J
authors: AJ
authors: Mendez
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Gutt
authors: Judith R
authors: JR
authors: McCalla
authors: Maria M
authors: MM
authors: Llabre
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Schneiderman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein