title: The bionomics of Anopheles merus (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Kenyan coast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anopheles merus, a sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae complex occurs along the East African coast but its biology and role in malaria transmission in this region is poorly understood. We evaluated the blood feeding pattern and the role of this species in malaria transmission in Malindi district, Coastal Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors by CDC light traps and Pyrethrum Spray Catch and outdoors by CDC light traps. Anopheles females were identified to species by morphological characteristics and sibling species of An. gambiae complex distinguished by rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Screening for host blood meal sources and presence or absence of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite proteins was achieved by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anopheles merus comprised 77.8% of the 387 Anopheles gambiae s.l adults that were collected. Other sibling species of Anopheles gambiae s.l identified in the study site included An. arabiensis(3.6%), and An. gambiae s.s. (8%). The human blood index for An. merus was 0.12, while the sporozoite rate was 0.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that An. merus can play a minor role in malaria transmission along the Kenyan Coast and should be a target for vector control which in turn could be applied in designing and implementing mosquito control programmes targeting marsh-breeding mosquitoes; with the ultimate goal being to reduce the transmission of malaria associated with these vectors.
authors: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. pamyabs@yahoo.com
authors: Pamela C
authors: PC
authors: Kipyab
authors: Battan M
authors: BM
authors: Khaemba
authors: Joseph M
authors: JM
authors: Mwangangi
authors: Charles M
authors: CM
authors: Mbogo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001769:Blood / Q000276:immunology; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D004463:Ecology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007630:Kenya; D008288:Malaria / Q000635:transmission*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal