title: The carbon footprint of cataract surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Climate change is predicted to be one of the largest global health threats of the 21st century. Health care itself is a large contributor to carbon emissions. Determining the carbon footprint of specific health care activities such as cataract surgery allows the assessment of associated emissions and identifies opportunities for reduction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the carbon footprint of a cataract pathway in a British teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a component analysis study for one patient having first eye cataract surgery in the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff. Activity data was collected from three sectors, building and energy use, travel and procurement. Published emissions factors were applied to this data to provide figures in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2eq).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The carbon footprint for one cataract operation was 181.8 kg CO2eq. On the basis that 2230 patients were treated for cataracts during 2011 in Cardiff, this has an associated carbon footprint of 405.4 tonnes CO2eq. Building and energy use was estimated to account for 36.1% of overall emissions, travel 10.1% and procurement 53.8%, with medical equipment accounting for the most emissions at 32.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first published carbon footprint of cataract surgery and acts as a benchmark for other studies as well as identifying areas for emissions reduction. Within the procurement sector, dialogue with industry is important to reduce the overall carbon footprint. Sustainability should be considered when cataract pathways are designed as there is potential for reduction in all sectors with the possible side effects of saving costs and improving patient care.
authors: Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK. dsm@doctors.org.uk
authors: D S
authors: DS
authors: Morris
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Wright
authors: J E A
authors: JE
authors: Somner
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Connor
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D058572:Carbon Footprint; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide