title: Parent smoker role conflict and planning to quit smoking: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Role conflict can motivate behavior change. No prior studies have explored the association between parent/smoker role conflict and readiness to quit. The objective of the study is to assess the association of a measure of parent/smoker role conflict with other parent and child characteristics and to test the hypothesis that parent/smoker role conflict is associated with a parent's intention to quit smoking in the next 30 days. As part of a cluster randomized controlled trial to address parental smoking (Clinical Effort Against Secondhand Smoke Exposure-CEASE), research assistants completed exit interviews with 1980 parents whose children had been seen in 20 Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) practices and asked a novel identity-conflict question about "how strongly you agree or disagree" with the statement, "My being a smoker gets in the way of my being a parent." Response choices were dichotomized as "Strongly Agree" or "Agree" versus "Disagree" or "Strongly Disagree" for the analysis. Parents were also asked whether they were "seriously planning to quit smoking in 30 days." Chi-square and logistic regression were performed to assess the association between role conflict and other parent/children characteristics. A similar strategy was used to determine whether role conflict was independently associated with intention to quit in the next 30 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a RTC in 20 pediatric practices, exit interviews were held with smoking parents after their child's exam. Parents who smoked were asked questions about smoking behavior, smoke-free home and car rules, and role conflict. Role conflict was assessed with the question, "Please tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with the statement: 'My being a smoker gets in the way of my being a parent.' (Answer choices were: "Strongly agree, Agree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree.")
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1980 eligible smokers identified, 1935 (97%) responded to the role-conflict question, and of those, 563 (29%) reported experiencing conflict. Factors that were significantly associated with parent/smoker role conflict in the multivariable model included: being non-Hispanic white, allowing home smoking, the child being seen that day for a sick visit, parents receiving any assistance for their smoking, and planning to quit in the next 30 days. In a separate multivariable logistic regression model, parent/smoker role conflict was independently associated with intention to quit in the next 30 days [AOR 2.25 (95% CI 1.80-2.18)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated an association between parent/smoker role conflict and readiness to quit. Interventions that increase parent/smoker role conflict might act to increase readiness to quit among parents who smoke.
authors: Center for Child and Adolescent Health Research and Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Joan
authors: J
authors: Friebely
authors: Nancy A
authors: NA
authors: Rigotti
authors: Yuchiao
authors: Y
authors: Chang
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Hall
authors: Victoria
authors: V
authors: Weiley
authors: Janelle
authors: J
authors: Dempsey
authors: Bethany
authors: B
authors: Hipple
authors: Emara
authors: E
authors: Nabi-Burza
authors: Sybil
authors: S
authors: Murphy
authors: Heide
authors: H
authors: Woo
authors: Jonathan P
authors: JP
authors: Winickoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012380:Role; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult