title: Neutrophils recruited to sites of infection protect from virus challenge by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps.
abstract: Neutrophils mediate bacterial clearance through various mechanisms, including the release of mesh-like DNA structures or neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that capture bacteria. Although neutrophils are also recruited to sites of viral infection, their role in antiviral innate immunity is less clear. We show that systemic administration of virus analogs or poxvirus infection induces neutrophil recruitment to the liver microvasculature and the release of NETs that protect host cells from virus infection. After systemic intravenous poxvirus challenge, mice exhibit thrombocytopenia and the recruitment of both neutrophils and platelets to the liver vasculature. Circulating platelets interact with, roll along, and adhere to the surface of adherent neutrophils, forming large, dynamic aggregates. These interactions facilitate the release of NETs within the liver vasculature that are able to protect host cells from poxvirus infection. These findings highlight the role of NETs and early tissue-wide responses in preventing viral infection.
authors: Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors: Craig N
authors: CN
authors: Jenne
authors: Connie H Y
authors: CH
authors: Wong
authors: Franz J
authors: FJ
authors: Zemp
authors: Braedon
authors: B
authors: McDonald
authors: Masmudur M
authors: MM
authors: Rahman
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Forsyth
authors: Grant
authors: G
authors: McFadden
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Kubes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002450:Cell Communication; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D011212:Poxviridae / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011213:Poxviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C519703:TLR3 protein, mouse; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3