title: [Importance of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme in clinical disorders].
abstract: Glucocorticoids play an important role in the regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, they modulate the function of the immune system, and contribute to stress response. Increased and decreased production of glucocorticoids causes specific diseases. In addition to systemic hypo- or hypercortisolism, alteration of local synthesis and metabolism of cortisol may result in tissue-specific hypo- or hypercortisolism. One of the key enzymes participating in the local synthesis and metabolism of cortisol is the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme. Two isoforms, type 1 and type 2 enzymes are located in the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyze the interconversion of hormonally active cortisol and inactive cortisone. The type 1 enzyme mainly works as an activator, and it is responsible for the generation of cortisol from cortisone in liver, adipose tissue, brain and bone. The gene encoding this enzyme is located on chromosome 1. The authors review the physiological and pathophysiological processes related to the function of the type 1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme. They summarize the potential significance of polymorphic variants of the enzyme in clinical diseases as well as knowledge related to inhibitors of enzyme activity. Although further studies are still needed, inhibition of the enzyme activity may prove to be an effective tool for the treatment of several diseases such as obesity, osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes.
authors: Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest.
authors: Karolina
authors: K
authors: Feldman
authors: István
authors: I
authors: Likó
authors: Zsolt
authors: Z
authors: Nagy
authors: Agnes
authors: A
authors: Szappanos
authors: Vince Kornél
authors: VK
authors: Grolmusz
authors: Miklós
authors: M
authors: Tóth
authors: Károly
authors: K
authors: Rácz
authors: Attila
authors: A
authors: Patócs
mesh_terms: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D003348:Cortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; C468386:HSD11B1 protein, human; C468387:HSD11B2 protein, human; D003348:Cortisone; D006854:Hydrocortisone