title: Vitexin-2-O-xyloside, raphasatin and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate synergistically affect cell growth and apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
abstract: Cytotoxic effects of the combination of the food components vitexin-2-O-xyloside (X), raphasatin (4-methylsulphanyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanates; G) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (E) were investigated in colon (LoVo and CaCo-2) and breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) cancer cells. Breast cancer cells were more resistant than colon cells to X, G and E inhibition. On the contrary, marked synergistic effects among X, G and E on cell growth were found in both colon cancer cells. Further analysis revealed a G0/G1 arrest of the phase cell progression and apoptosis, linked to modulation of Bax, Bcl2, caspase-9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase as well as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation in both colon cancer cells, whereas apoptosis and ROS were not significantly detected in normal human lymphocytes. We conclude that the X, G and E mixture might act by mitochondrial pathway activation of apoptosis, possibly elicited by ROS and the mixture may be effective in the chemoprevention of colon cancer.
authors: Department of Experimental Evolutive Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors: Alessio
authors: A
authors: Papi
authors: Fulvia
authors: F
authors: Farabegoli
authors: Renato
authors: R
authors: Iori
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Orlandi
authors: Gina R
authors: GR
authors: De Nicola
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Bagatta
authors: Donato
authors: D
authors: Angelino
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Gennari
authors: Paolino
authors: P
authors: Ninfali
mesh_terms: D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C447639:4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D047310:Apigenin; D002392:Catechin; C032731:vitexin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D053148:Caspase 3