title: The metabolic regulation of sporulation and parasporal crystal formation in Bacillus thuringiensis revealed by transcriptomics and proteomics.
abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known entomopathogenic bacterium used worldwide as an environmentally compatible biopesticide. During sporulation, B. thuringiensis accumulates a large number of parasporal crystals consisting of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) that can account for nearly 20-30% of the cell's dry weight. However, the metabolic regulation mechanisms of ICP synthesis remain to be elucidated. In this study, the combined efforts in transcriptomics and proteomics mainly uncovered the following 6 metabolic regulation mechanisms: (1) proteases and the amino acid metabolism (particularly, the branched-chain amino acids) became more active during sporulation; (2) stored poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoin, together with some low-quality substances provided considerable carbon and energy sources for sporulation and parasporal crystal formation; (3) the pentose phosphate shunt demonstrated an interesting regulation mechanism involving gluconate when CT-43 cells were grown in GYS medium; (4) the tricarboxylic acid cycle was significantly modified during sporulation; (5) an obvious increase in the quantitative levels of enzymes and cytochromes involved in energy production via the electron transport system was observed; (6) most F0F1-ATPase subunits were remarkably up-regulated during sporulation. This study, for the first time, systematically reveals the metabolic regulation mechanisms involved in the supply of amino acids, carbon substances, and energy for B. thuringiensis spore and parasporal crystal formation at both the transcriptional and translational levels.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRC.
authors: Jieping
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Mei
authors: Cao
authors: C
authors: Zheng
authors: Hongliang
authors: H
authors: Qian
authors: Cui
authors: C
authors: Cui
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Fu
authors: Jianmei
authors: J
authors: Su
authors: Ziduo
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Ziniu
authors: Z
authors: Yu
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000093:Acetoin / Q000378:metabolism; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000502:physiology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000378:metabolism; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010427:Pentose Phosphate Pathway; D011091:Polyesters / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D059467:Transcriptome; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates
chemical_list: D000093:Acetoin; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D011091:Polyesters; D020543:Proteome; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C003182:poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates