title: Surgical treatment and outcomes of severe pediatric intestinal motility disorders requiring parenteral nutrition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to characterize outcomes of children with severe intestinal motility disorders (IMD) requiring parenteral nutrition (PN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive children with primary IMD requiring long-term PN between 1984 and 2010 were included. Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 13.1 (5.2-20.1) years. Treatment, PN dependence, growth, nutritional status, liver function, and survival were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Underlying etiology included chronic intestinal pseudo obstruction (CIPO; n=8) and Hirschsprung disease with extensive aganglionosis (n=12). CIPO and aganglionosis patients had 100 (86-100%) and 29 (19-40%) of age-adjusted small bowel length remaining, respectively. In order to facilitate enteral tolerance and avoid PN-associated liver disease, short aganglionic segment (40 cm) was left in situ in four of five cases, with aganglionosis extending to duodenojejunal flexure combined with Ziegler myectomy-myotomy in two. Six of seven children with aganglionosis extending into mid small intestine underwent staged jejunoanal pull-through. Feeding/venting gastrostomies (n=13) or jejunostomies were commonly employed. Probability of PN dependence owing to IMD was markedly increased in relation to short bowel syndrome (70 versus 19% at 5 years, P<0.0001). Two (10%) patients developed end-stage liver disease. A total of 11 (55%) patients (5 CIPO and 6 aganglionosis) weaned off PN after 8.2 years (1.8-17 years), including two patients after intestinal transplantation (ITx). Two children died before ITx-era giving overall survival of 90%. Survivors had well-preserved liver function, growth, and nutritional status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite high PN dependence, long-term survival is achievable in the majority of children with IMD requiring PN. A wide repertory of surgical options including ITx is required for optimal outcomes.
authors: Section of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland. mikko.pakarinen@hus.fi
authors: Mikko P
authors: MP
authors: Pakarinen
authors: Annika
authors: A
authors: Kurvinen
authors: Antti I
authors: AI
authors: Koivusalo
authors: Tarja
authors: T
authors: Ruuska
authors: Heikki
authors: H
authors: Mäkisalo
authors: Hannu
authors: H
authors: Jalanko
authors: Risto J
authors: RJ
authors: Rintala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult