title: Intramuscular administration of sodium benzylpenicillin in horses as an alternative to procaine benzylpenicillin.
abstract: The aim was to supply information about the possibility of replacing the procaine salt with the sodium salt for benzylpenicillin IM treatment in horse in order to diminish the risk for procaine adverse effects. In a crossover study eight horses were given 15 mg/kg sodium benzylpenicillin (Na-pc) twice daily or procaine benzylpenicillin (control) once daily IM for four days. The half-life of Na-pc was 1.9h, peak concentration was 14,600 ng/mL reached after about 23 min. Trough plasma concentration was 281 ng/mL and protein binding 62.8%. The fT>MIC for Staphylococcus aureus was 63% and 100% for Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus zooepidemicus, indicating an adequate antimicrobial therapy. However, Na-pc cannot be recommended from a welfare point of view since the horses showed more pain related behaviour and more pain and swelling compared to the control treatment.
authors: Division of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Lena.Olsen@slu.se
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Olsén
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Bremer
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Olofsson
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Bröjer
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Bondesson
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Bergh
authors: Katarina
authors: K
authors: Nostell
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Broström
authors: Björn
authors: B
authors: Bengtsson
authors: Carina
authors: C
authors: Ingvast-Larsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010402:Penicillin G Procaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D010402:Penicillin G Procaine; D010400:Penicillin G