title: Combined bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide injections for macular edema in a patient with astrocytic hamartomas and tuberous sclerosis.
abstract: Retinal astrocytic hamartoma or retinal astrocytoma is the best-known ocular manifestation of tuberous sclerosis complex, a neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by the development of multiple disseminated hamartomas. It can have several clinical presentations, ranging from unilateral transparent, noncalcified lesions to bilateral multinodular, mulberry-like calcified tumors. Symptoms appear if the tumor involves the macula and can cause visual loss on the basis of progressive retinal degeneration. The authors report a case of a patient with tuberous sclerosis, bilateral astrocytic hamartomas, and macular edema with intraretinal hemorrhage in the left eye that has responded well to treatment with bevacizumab and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.
authors: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
authors: Marcela
authors: M
authors: Lonngi
authors: Aaron S
authors: AS
authors: Gold
authors: Timothy G
authors: TG
authors: Murray
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D005938:Glucocorticoids; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide