title: Effect of ferrous sulfate fortification in germinated brown rice on seed iron concentration and bioavailability.
abstract: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of germination and iron fortification on iron concentration and bioavailability of brown rice. Iron fortification during germination process with 0.05-2 g/L ferrous sulfate increased the iron concentration in germinated brown rice from 1.1 to 15.6 times than those in raw brown rice. Based on the recommended dietary allowance of iron, maximum germination rate and γ-aminobutyric acid, we recommend the brown rice fortified with 0.25 g/L FeSO(4) as a suitable fortification level to use in germination process. Iron fortification during the germination process has a positive effect on iron concentration and bioavailability. A significant difference was observed among the cultivars in respect to the capacity for iron accumulation and bioavailability. Germination alone could improve in vitro iron solubility, but had no effect on iron bioavailability in Caco-2 cell, the additional fortification process should be combined to get high amount of bioavailable iron from the brown rice.
authors: Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China. yanyanwei2008@yahoo.com.cn
authors: Yanyan
authors: Y
authors: Wei
authors: M J I
authors: MJ
authors: Shohag
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Ying
authors: Xiaoe
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: Chunyong
authors: C
authors: Wu
authors: Yuyan
authors: Y
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D007501:Iron