title: Biogeography of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with alders (Alnus spp.) in relation to biotic and abiotic variables at the global scale.
abstract: · Much of the macroecological information about microorganisms is confounded by the lack of standardized methodology, paucity of metadata and sampling effect of a particular substrate or interacting host taxa. · This study aims to disentangle the relative effects of biological, geographical and edaphic variables on the distribution of Alnus-associated ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi at the global scale by using comparable sampling and analysis methods. · Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis revealed 146 taxa of ECM fungi from 22 Alnus species across 96 sites worldwide. Use of spatial and phylogenetic eigenvectors along with environmental variables in model selection indicated that phylogenetic relations among host plants and geographical links explained 43 and 10%, respectively,in ECM fungal community composition, whereas soil calcium concentration positively influenced taxonomic richness. · Intrageneric phylogenetic relations among host plants and regional processes largely account for the global biogeographic distribution of Alnus-associated ECM fungi. The biogeography of ECM fungi is consistent with ancient host migration patterns from Eurasia to North America and from southern Europe to northern Europe after the last glacial maximum, indicating codispersal of hosts and their mycobionts.
authors: Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.|Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
authors: Sergei
authors: S
authors: Põlme
authors: Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Bahram
authors: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Yamanaka
authors: Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8653, Japan.
authors: Kazuhide
authors: K
authors: Nara
authors: Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors: Yu Cheng
authors: YC
authors: Dai
authors: Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: Tine
authors: T
authors: Grebenc
authors: Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors: Hojka
authors: H
authors: Kraigher
authors: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Toivonen
authors: Department of Life Sciences, Tunghai University, 181 Taichung Kan Rd., Section 3, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan.
authors: Pi-Han
authors: PH
authors: Wang
authors: Laboratory of Forest Pathology and Mycology, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurimamachiya 1577, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
authors: Yosuke
authors: Y
authors: Matsuda
authors: Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
authors: Triin
authors: T
authors: Naadel
authors: Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Road, Portland, OR, 97219, USA.
authors: Peter G
authors: PG
authors: Kennedy
authors: Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.|Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
authors: Urmas
authors: U
authors: Kõljalg
authors: Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.|Natural History Museum of Tartu University, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
authors: Leho
authors: L
authors: Tedersoo
mesh_terms: D029661:Alnus / Q000382:microbiology*; D044822:Biodiversity; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002980:Climate; D005843:Geography; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D011891:Rain; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D002118:Calcium