title: Particle size, chemical composition, seasons of the year and urban, rural or remote site origins as determinants of biological effects of particulate matter on pulmonary cells.
abstract: Particulate matter (PM), a complex mix of chemical compounds, results to be associated with various health effects. However there is still lack of information on the impact of its different components. PM2.5 and PM1 samples, collected during the different seasons at an urban, rural and remote site, were chemically characterized and the biological effects induced on A549 cells were assessed. A Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis has been performed to relate PM chemical composition to the toxic effects observed. Results show that PM-induced biological effects changed with the seasons and sites, and such variations may be explained by chemical constituents of PM, derived both from primary and secondary sources. The first-time here reported biological responses induced by PM from a remote site at high altitude were associated with the high concentrations of metals and secondary species typical of the free tropospheric aerosol, influenced by long range transports and aging.
authors: Research Center POLARIS, Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Milano-Bicocca, DISAT, P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy. grazia.perrone@unimib.it
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Perrone
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gualtieri
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Consonni
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Ferrero
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Sangiorgi
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Longhin
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Ballabio
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bolzacchini
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Camatini
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002460:Cell Line; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter