title: Furoquinoline alkaloids isolated from Balfourodendron riedelianum as photosynthetic inhibitors in spinach chloroplasts.
abstract: In the search for natural inhibitors of plant growth, we investigate the mechanism of action of the natural furoquinoline alkaloids isolated from Balfourodendron riedelianum (Rutaceae): evolitrine (1), kokusaginine (2), γ-fagarine (3), skimmianine (4) and maculosidine (5) on the photosynthesis light reactions. Their effect on the electron transport chain on thylakoids was analyzed. Alkaloids 1, 2, 4 and 5 inhibited ATP synthesis, basal, phosphorylating and uncoupled electron transport acting as Hill reaction inhibitors on spinach chloroplasts. Alkaloid 3 was not active. The inhibition and interaction site of alkaloids 1, 2, 4 and 5 on the non-cyclic electron transport chain was studied by polarography and fluorescence of the chlorophyll a (Chl a). The results indicate that the target for 1 was localized on the donor and acceptor side of PS II. In addition alkaloids 2 and 5 affect the PS I electron acceptors on leaf discs.
authors: Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil. tveiga@unifesp.br
authors: Thiago André Moura
authors: TA
authors: Veiga
authors: Beatriz
authors: B
authors: King-Díaz
authors: Anna Sylvia Ferrari
authors: AS
authors: Marques
authors: Olivia Moreira
authors: OM
authors: Sampaio
authors: Paulo Cezar
authors: PC
authors: Vieira
authors: Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes
authors: MF
authors: da Silva
authors: Blas
authors: B
authors: Lotina-Hennsen
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D011804:Quinolines / Q000737:chemistry*; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D011804:Quinolines; D002734:Chlorophyll; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000077194:Chlorophyll A