title: Hyaluronic acid concentration in postmenopausal facial skin after topical estradiol and genistein treatment:  a double-blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to compare the effects of estradiol and genistein treatment on hyaluronic acid (HA) concentration in postmenopausal facial skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 30 postmenopausal women were evaluated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. The volunteers were postmenopausal women treated in the Gynecology Department of the Federal University of São Paulo. The participants were divided into two groups: group E, treated with 0.01% 17β-estradiol gel (n = 15), and group G, treated with 4% genistein gel (isoflavones, n = 15). The treatment lasted for 24 consecutive weeks. Preauricular skin biopsies were performed for each participant at baseline (E1 and G1) and after treatment (E2 and G2) to evaluate HA concentration in tissue. The materials were processed using immunohistochemical and biochemical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 24 weeks of treatment, HA concentration increased in both groups, but the effect was greater for estradiol treatment than for genistein treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that both treatments may enhance HA concentration in postmenopausal skin but that estrogen produces results that are greater than those produced by isoflavones.
authors: Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Marisa Teresinha
authors: MT
authors: Patriarca
authors: Andréa Regina
authors: AR
authors: Barbosa de Moraes
authors: Helena B
authors: HB
authors: Nader
authors: Valeria
authors: V
authors: Petri
authors: João Roberto Maciel
authors: JR
authors: Martins
authors: Regina Célia Teixeira
authors: RC
authors: Gomes
authors: José Maria
authors: JM
authors: Soares
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D019833:Genistein / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D004958:Estradiol; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D019833:Genistein