title: Case report: Thoracic outlet syndrome in an elite archer in full-draw position.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One possible pathomechanism of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is shoulder abduction and extension inducing backward motion of the clavicle which causes compression on the brachial plexus. This position occurs during the full-draw stage of archery, by drawing and holding the bowstring.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 28-year-old elite archer presented with a feeling of weakness and dull shoulder pain, and experienced decreased grip power and hypoesthesia in the ulnar nerve dermatome in the full-draw position. On CT angiography, the cross-sectional area of the subclavian artery in the costoclavicular space decreased to 40% compared with that of the subclavian artery in a noncompressed state. This patient had first rib resection through the supraclavicular approach with a clavicle osteotomy. At 3.5 years postoperatively, the patient maintained his job as a professional coach and did not have any specific complaints when teaching and demonstrating archery skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review revealed numerous causes of TOS, ranging from congenital abnormalities to repetitive postures related to sports activities. The abduction and external rotation (ABER) position (shoulder at 90° abduction and external rotation) has been suggested for detecting TOS and is a documented cause of compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels. We present the case of an archer with TOS association with repeated use of the ABER position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TOS should be suspected when athletes repeatedly use shoulder extension and abduction for their sports if other pathologic conditions can be ruled out.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Jin Young
authors: JY
authors: Park
authors: Kyung Soo
authors: KS
authors: Oh
authors: Hyun Yul
authors: HY
authors: Yoo
authors: Jun Gyu
authors: JG
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002968:Clavicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010027:Osteotomy; D011859:Radiography; D012272:Ribs / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013901:Thoracic Outlet Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome