title: Cytotoxic and phytotoxic actions of Heliotropium strigosum.
abstract: This study describes the cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities of the crude extract of Heliotropium strigosum and its resultant fractions. In brine shrimp toxicology assays, profound cytotoxicity was displayed by ethyl acetate (LD50 8.3 μg/ml) and chloroform (LD50 8.8 μg/ml) fractions, followed by relatively weak crude methanolic extract of H. strigosum (LD50 909 μg/ml) and n-hexane fraction (LD50 1000 μg/ml). In case of phytotoxicity activity against Lemna acquinoctialis, highest phytotoxic effect was showed by ethyl acetate fraction (LD50 91.0 μg/ml), while chloroform fraction, plant crude extract and n-hexane, respectively, caused 50%, 30.76 ± 1.1% and 30.7 ± 1.1% inhibitory action at maximum concentration used, that is, 1000 μg/ml. These data indicates that H. strigosum exhibits cytotoxic and phytotoxic potential, which explore its use as anticancer and herbicidal medicine. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were more potent for the evaluated toxicity effects, thus recommended for isolation and identification of the active compounds.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors: Syed Majid
authors: SM
authors: Shah
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors: Sajid
authors: S
authors: Hussain
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan arif.ullah@riphah.edu.pk arifullahkhan979@hotmail.com.
authors: Arif-Ullah
authors: AU
authors: Khan
authors: Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors: Azhar-Ul-Haq Ali
authors: AU
authors: Shah
authors: Gandhara College of Pharmacy, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
authors: Haroon
authors: H
authors: Khan
authors: Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir, Pakistan.
authors: Farhat
authors: F
authors: Ullah
authors: Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors: Barkatullah
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D029064:Araceae / Q000187:drug effects; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D002725:Chloroform / Q000633:toxicity; D028162:Heliotropium / Q000737:chemistry*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007650:ethyl acetate; D002725:Chloroform
keywords: Heliotropium strigosum; cytotoxicity; phytotoxicity