title: Human rotavirus virus-like particle vaccines evaluated in a neonatal gnotobiotic pig model of human rotavirus disease.
abstract: The authors discuss here rotavirus-like particle vaccines as an alternative approach to oral live-attenuated rotavirus vaccine and their efficacy in a gnotobiotic pig model. Rotavirus virus-like particles (VLPs) were evaluated in different doses, and routes of administration, and combined with live-attenuated virus and adjuvants. A VLP vaccine composed of rotavirus VP2 and VP6 was immunogenic in gnotobiotic pigs when inoculated intranasally; however, this vaccine failed to confer protection. A combination of oral attenuated human rotavirus and intranasal 2/6VLP vaccines conferred immunogenicity, partial protection against a human rotavirus challenge and induced IFN-γ-producing T cells in the ileum of pigs with similar frequencies to human rotavirus infection. Vaccination through a combination of mucosal inductive sites and live-attenuated vaccine combined with VLP vaccines was the most effective regimen, compared with the use of a single route or a single vaccine alone. However, if formulated with neutralizing antigens, VLP vaccines may constitute a better approach in a high maternal antibody scenario.
authors: National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors: Marli P
authors: MP
authors: Azevedo
authors: Anastasia N
authors: AN
authors: Vlasova
authors: Linda J
authors: LJ
authors: Saif
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; C442545:VP2 protein, Rotavirus; C061332:VP6 protein, Rotavirus; D058425:Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle; D007371:Interferon-gamma