title: Teacher Ratings of the ADHD-RS IV in a Community Sample: Results From the ChiP-ARD Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Validated instruments to assess ADHD are still unavailable in many languages other than English for teachers, which constitutes a clear obstacle to screening, diagnosis, and treatment of ADHD in many European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teachers rated 892 youths using the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). We investigated the factor structure, reliability, and measurement invariance based on confirmatory factor analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results support a bifactor model, including one general ADHD factor and two specific Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity factors. But the latter is improperly defined calling into question the existence of a Predominantly Hyperactivity-Impulsivity subtype. The measurement invariance is fully supported across gender, age groups, and Gender × Age Groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results support the multiple-pathways hypothesis and suggest that a total ADHD score is meaningful, reliable, and valid, as well as specific assessments of Inattention. Some youths--especially older ones--may present a profile of ADHD particularly marked by Inattention symptoms.
authors: Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, France caci.h@pediatrie-chulenval-nice.fr.
authors: Hervé M
authors: HM
authors: Caci
authors: University of Western Sydney, Australia.
authors: Alexandre J
authors: AJ
authors: Morin
authors: Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU Lenval, France.
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Tran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: ADHD; adolescent; bifactor model; children; rating scales; teacher rating