title: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels reflect endogenous luteinizing hormone production and response to human chorionic gonadotropin challenge in older female macaque (Macaca fascicularis).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We propose that the adrenal gland of an older higher primate female animal model will respond to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone challenge by secreting additional dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Such a response in surgically and chemically castrated animals will provide proof of concept and a validated animal model for future studies to explore the rise in DHEAS during the menopausal transition of women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four 18- to 26-year-old female cynomolgus monkeys were screened for ovarian function and then either ovariectomized (n = 4) or treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa; n = 20) to block ovarian steroid production. After a recovery period from surgical procedure or down-regulation, a single-dose challenge (1,000 IU/animal, IM) of hCG was then administered to determine if luteinizing hormone (LH)/chorionic gonadotropin could accelerate circulating DHEAS production. Serum DHEAS, bioactive LH, and urinary metabolites of ovarian sex steroids were monitored before, during, and after these treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating LH bioactivity and immunoreactive DHEAS concentrations were suppressed in all animals 14 days postadministration of GnRHa. Urinary metabolites of estradiol and progesterone remained low after the surgical procedure or a flare reaction to GnRHa. Circulating DHEAS levels were increased after hCG administration, and the increase in individual animals was proportional to the pretreatment DHEAS at baseline. Circulating DHEAS concentrations were positively correlated to endogenous LH bioactive concentrations prior to hCG challenge and were subsequently further elevated by the hCG challenge while no concomitant change in ovarian steroid hormone excretion was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate a positive adrenal androgen response to LH/chorionic gonadotropin in older female higher primates and suggest a mechanism for the rise in adrenal androgen production during the menopausal transition in women. These results also illustrate that the nonhuman primate animal model can be effectively used to investigate this phenomenon.
authors: Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors: Francisco M
authors: FM
authors: Moran
authors: Jiangang
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Nancy A
authors: NA
authors: Gee
authors: Pete N
authors: PN
authors: Lohstroh
authors: Bill L
authors: BL
authors: Lasley
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000502:physiology*; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D016729:Leuprolide