title: Contamination rates between smart cell phones and non-smart cell phones of healthcare workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Healthcare workers' mobile phones are easily contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and could be vehicles of transmission. Smart phones are increasingly used in the hospital. The objective of this study was to compare the contamination rate of bacteria with pathogenic potential between smart phones and non-smart phones.
  
  
  METHODS
  We screened mobile phones of healthcare workers in three teaching hospitals in South Korea. The identification of cultivated micro-organisms and assessment of antibiotic susceptibility were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifteen (56.7%) participants used smart phones, and 88 (43.3%) used non-smart phones. Bacteria with pathogenic potential were isolated from 58 (28.6%) mobile phones, more often from smart phones than from non-smart phones (34.8% vs 20.5%, P=0.03). Multivariate analysis including various characteristics to determine risk factors revealed that only smart phones (vs non-smart phones) were a significant risk factor for contamination by bacteria with pathogenic potential (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-11.31). Also, in a multivariate model including phone size, the smart phone was still a significant risk factor for the pathogen contamination (OR, 4.17; 95% CI, 1.07-16.33; P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The smart phones of healthcare workers were contaminated with bacteria with pathogenic potential to a greater extent than were non-smart phones.
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yeon Joo
authors: YJ
authors: Lee
authors: Chul-Gyu
authors: CG
authors: Yoo
authors: Choon-Taek
authors: CT
authors: Lee
authors: Hee Soon
authors: HS
authors: Chung
authors: Young Whan
authors: YW
authors: Kim
authors: Sung Koo
authors: SK
authors: Han
authors: Jae-Joon
authors: JJ
authors: Yim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D034201:Computers, Handheld / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged