title: Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis by Ureaplasma parvum in sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ureaplasma colonization in the setting of polymicrobial flora is common in women with chorioamnionitis, and is a risk factor for preterm delivery and neonatal morbidity. We hypothesized that Ureaplasma colonization of amniotic fluid would modulate chorioamnionitis induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sheep received intraamniotic (IA) injections of media (control) or live Ureaplasma either 7 or 70 days before delivery. Another group received IA LPS 2 days before delivery. To test for interactions, U parvum-exposed animals were challenged with IA LPS, and delivered 2 days later. All animals were delivered preterm at 125 ± 1 day of gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both IA Ureaplasma and LPS induced leukocyte infiltration of chorioamnion. LPS greatly increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase in leukocytes, while Ureaplasma alone caused modest responses. Interestingly, 7-day but not 70-day Ureaplasma exposure significantly down-regulated LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase expression in the chorioamnion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute (7-day) U parvum exposure can suppress LPS-induced chorioamnionitis.
authors: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .
authors: Candice C
authors: CC
authors: Snyder
authors: Katherine B
authors: KB
authors: Wolfe
authors: Tate
authors: T
authors: Gisslen
authors: Christine L
authors: CL
authors: Knox
authors: Matthew W
authors: MW
authors: Kemp
authors: Boris W
authors: BW
authors: Kramer
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Newnham
authors: Alan H
authors: AH
authors: Jobe
authors: Suhas G
authors: SG
authors: Kallapur
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D002823:Chorion / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012756:Sheep; D014509:Ureaplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C482199:lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5