title: Readily accessible fluorescent probes for sensitive biological imaging of hydrogen peroxide.
abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is a major component of oxygen metabolism in biological systems that, when present in high concentrations, can lead to oxidative stress in cells. Noninvasive molecular imaging of H(2)O(2) using fluorogenic systems represents an effective way to detect and measure the accumulation of this metabolite. Herein, we detail the development of robust H(2)O(2)-sensitive fluorescent probes using a boronic ester trigger appended to the fluorophore through a benzyl ether linkage. A major advantage of the probes presented here is their synthetic accessibility, with only one step needed to generate the probes on the gram scale. The sensitivity of the probes was evaluated in simulated physiological conditions, showing micromolar sensitivity to H(2)O(2). The probes were tested in biological model systems, demonstrating effective imaging of unstimulated, endogenous H(2)O(2) levels in RAW 264.7 cells and murine brain tissue.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors: Kevin B
authors: KB
authors: Daniel
authors: Arpita
authors: A
authors: Agrawal
authors: Marianne
authors: M
authors: Manchester
authors: Seth M
authors: SM
authors: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide