title: Resveratrol improves diabetic retinopathy possibly through oxidative stress - nuclear factor κB - apoptosis pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to investigate the possible effectiveness of resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) administration on oxidative stress, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity and apoptosis rate in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic retinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: normal control, diabetic control, normal rats treated with resveratrol, and diabetic rats treated with resveratrol. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg; ip), 15 min after the prescription of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg; ip) in 12 h fasted rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four-month oral resveratrol administration (5 mg/kg/day) significantly alleviated hyperglycemia, weight loss, enhancement of oxidative markers (lipid peroxidation index and oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio) and superoxide dismutase activity in both blood and retinas of the diabetic rats. Moreover, resveratrol administration to diabetic rats improved the elevated levels of retinas NF-κB activity and apoptosis rate. On the other hand, four months resveratrol administration prevented from disarrangement and reduction in thickness of retinal layers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These beneficial antidiabetic observations suggest that resveratrol may be considered as a therapeutic supplement to prevent from diabetic retinopathy.
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran.
authors: Farhad Ghadiri
authors: FG
authors: Soufi
authors: Daryoush
authors: D
authors: Mohammad-Nejad
authors: Hamid
authors: H
authors: Ahmadieh
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009536:Niacinamide; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005978:Glutathione; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase