title: 10-Year Framingham risk in patients with retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular risk factors predispose individuals to retinal vein occlusions (RVOs). Yet, the future risk for development of cardiovascular disease in persons with RVOs is uncertain. We performed a literature review and meta-analysis of studies to determine the 10-year Framingham risk for individuals with RVO.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Studies were eligible if they included subjects with RVO and presented data on age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein. The 10-year Framingham risk was calculated. Sensitivity analysis was performed and hypothesis testing was carried out using the upper tail z test with α = 0.05 to compare the estimated Framingham risk in RVO patients with the risk in the general Canadian population. Subgroup meta-analysis was carried out by Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 4.5 software (Cochrane IMS, Copenhagen, Denmark).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A final list of 6 articles was included. The estimated 10-year Framingham risk score in subjects with RVO was 10.1% (95% CI 9.9-10.2). Sensitivity analysis found Framingham risk score to be greatest in male smokers. The Framingham risk in subjects with RVO was significantly greater than the general Canadian population. In a subgroup analysis, the 10-year risk was significantly greater in subjects with RVO compared with control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with RVO have an increased 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease. This risk is greatest for male smokers (high risk). These patients may benefit from therapy aimed at controlling their risk factors. All individuals with an increased Framingham risk should be warned about vision loss as a potential complication of systemic atherosclerotic disease.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada. zkhan@qmed.ca
authors: Zainab
authors: Z
authors: Khan
authors: David R P
authors: DR
authors: Almeida
authors: Karim
authors: K
authors: Rahim
authors: Michel J
authors: MJ
authors: Belliveau
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Bona
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Gale
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects