title: Frequency of rebleeding events in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding with negative capsule endoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although capsule endoscopy (CE) is widely used as a first-line diagnostic modality for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), the rebleeding rate after negative CE varies according to different studies. We tried to elucidate the outcomes after negative CE for OGIB and to determine the risk factors associated with rebleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed data from 125 patients who had received CE for OGIB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PillCam SB capsules were used for 92 patients (73.6%) and SB2 capsules for the other 33 (26.4%). The complete visualization of the small bowel was achieved in 93 patients (74.4%). Of the 63 patients (50.4%) who showed negative CE results, 60 patients did not receive any further specific treatment for OGIB, and were analyzed for the rebleeding rate and risk factors for rebleeding. Of the 60 patients, rebleeding episodes were observed in 16 patients (26.7%), and the cumulative rebleeding rates after 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 12.4%, 14.3%, 28.7%, and 35.9%, respectively. Substantial rebleeding events were observed with similar frequency both after negative CE without subsequent treatment (26.7%) and after positive CE without specific treatment (21.2%) (P = 0.496).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considerable rebleeding episodes were observed after negative CE result for OGIB. Further complementary diagnostic work-ups and close follow-up are needed to be considered for patients with OGIB and negative CE results.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Ji-Beom
authors: JB
authors: Kim
authors: Byong Duk
authors: BD
authors: Ye
authors: Yelim
authors: Y
authors: Song
authors: Dong-Hoon
authors: DH
authors: Yang
authors: Kee Wook
authors: KW
authors: Jung
authors: Kyung-Jo
authors: KJ
authors: Kim
authors: Jeong-Sik
authors: JS
authors: Byeon
authors: Seung-Jae
authors: SJ
authors: Myung
authors: Suk-Kyun
authors: SK
authors: Yang
authors: Jin-Ho
authors: JH
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors