title: Thyroid associated orbitopathy--medication, radioiodine or operation?
abstract: This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the treatment of ophthalmopathy in the process of the Grave's disease. The question of prevention occupies a special place in the process of treatment as it has been clearly shown that exophthalmos is strongly associated with cigarette smoking. Therefore, before proceeding with any treatment, the patient should be advised to quit smoking as soon as possible. Further on in the publication, various forms of therapy are presented. Because of the unknown etiology, only symptomatic treatment can be applied, which includes steroids, radiotherapy and surgery. Patient care of patients with ophthalmopathy is a challenge even for an experienced clinician. Each case requires an individual approach that would take into account the severity of eye changes.
authors: Katedra i Klinika Endokrynologii, Przemiany Materii i Chorób Wewnetrznych, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego, Poznań. agata.rat@wp.pl
authors: Agata
authors: A
authors: Czarnywojtek
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Zgorzalewicz-Stachowiak
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Stangierski
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Florek
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Zdanowska
authors: Hen
authors: H
authors: Katarzyna
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Andrzejewska
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Ruchała
mesh_terms: D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes