title: Transcranial focal electrical stimulation via tripolar concentric ring electrodes does not modify the short- and long-term memory formation in rats evaluated in the novel object recognition test.
abstract: Noninvasive transcranial focal electrical stimulation (TFS) via tripolar concentric ring electrodes (TCREs) has been under development as an alternative/complementary therapy for seizure control. Transcranial focal electrical stimulation has shown efficacy in attenuating penicillin-, pilocarpine-, and pentylenetetrazole-induced acute seizures in rat models. This study evaluated the effects of TFS via TCREs on the memory formation of healthy rats as a safety test of TFS. Short- and long-term memory formation was tested after the application of TFS using the novel object recognition (NOR) test. The following independent groups were used: naïve, control (without TFS), and TFS (treated). The naïve, control, and stimulated groups spent more time investigating the new object than the familiar one during the test phase. Transcranial focal electrical stimulation via TCREs given once does not modify the short- and long-term memory formation in rats in the NOR test. Results provide an important step towards a better understanding for the safe usage of TFS via TCREs.
authors: Dept of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 4 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Rogel-Salazar
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Luna-Munguía
authors: K E
authors: KE
authors: Stevens
authors: W G
authors: WG
authors: Besio
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors