title: Adverse drug effects and angioedema hospitalizations in the United States from 2000 to 2009.
abstract: Since angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors became common treatments, there have been increasing reports of angioedema (AE). AE hospitalization (AEH) trend data in the new millennium are limited. This study calculates hospitalization rates for AEs and describes clinical characteristics  of AEHs in the United States, especially as related to specific adverse drug effects (ADEs). The National Inpatient Samples 2000-2009 were queried for AEHs to calculate hospitalization rates and to examine for associations with specified ADEs, certain comorbidities, and demographic  features. AEHs requiring intubation or tracheostomy were also examined for associations. There was a significant increase in the AEH rates (3.4 per 10(5) to 5.4 per 10(5)) over the study period (p < 0.0001) and the hospitalization rates for African Americans (AAs) were  consistently higher. Throughout the study the proportions of AEH coding any ADEs, or an ADE due to a cardiovascular (CV) or antihypertensive (aHTN) drug increased over time. By 2009, 61.7% AEHs coded an ADE. Of these, 58.7% were caused by CV or aHTN drugs. In AEHs, having an ADE from a CV  or aHTN medication had the strongest adjusted associations with hypertension and renal disease as well as with alcohol-related disorders. In AEHs, intubation/tracheostomy had the strongest ADE associations related to CV or aHTN medication (adjusted odds ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3, 1.6). AEHs  continue to increase, but this can only be partially attributed to ACE inhibitor usage. Intubation/tracheostomy appears to be greater in AEHs with ADE due to CV/aHTN drugs. Alcohol-related disorders may have a role in ACE inhibitor-associated AEH.
authors: Department of Medicine, New York Downtown Hospital, New York, NY 10038, USA. robert.lin@downtownhospital.org
authors: Robert Y
authors: RY
authors: Lin
authors: Rozalyn J
authors: RJ
authors: Levine
authors: Huei
authors: H
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000799:Angioedema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents