title: Participation and quality of life among youth with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examine relationships between participation and quality of life (QOL) among youth with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Youth ages 6-18 years with SCI completed the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment, which measures participation frequency (diversity/intensity) and context (with whom/where), and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, which measures emotional, social, school, and overall psychosocial QOL. Analyses were conducted separately for children (ages 6-12) and adolescents (ages 13-18) and included correlations and multiple regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  340 youth participated; the participants were 56% male with an average age of 13.33 years (SD=3.75), 66% had paraplegia, and their average injury duration was 5.13 years (SD=4.31). Among children, participating further from home was related to increased social, school, and overall QOL. Among adolescents, participating with a more diverse group was related to greater emotional QOL. In general, participation context was more closely related to QOL, but among physical (for all youth) and social (for children) activities, frequency of participation was related to QOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relationships between participation and QOL differ with child age. Among children, encouraging participation out of the home may be most beneficial to QOL. Among adolescents, fostering participation with a more varied group may be most beneficial to QOL.
authors: Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, IL 60707, USA. ekelly@shrinenet.org
authors: Erin H
authors: EH
authors: Kelly
authors: Sara J
authors: SJ
authors: Klaas
authors: Sylvia
authors: S
authors: Garma
authors: Heather F
authors: HF
authors: Russell
authors: Lawrence C
authors: LC
authors: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D057566:Self Report; D012931:Social Environment; D058992:Social Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000523:psychology*