title: Phenotype profiling of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii clover nodule isolates reveal their both versatile and specialized metabolic capabilities.
abstract: Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii (Rlt) are soil bacteria inducing nodules on clover, where they fix nitrogen. Genome organization analyses of 22 Rlt clover nodule isolates showed that they contained 3-6 plasmids and majority of them possessed large (>1 Mb), chromid-like replicon with exception of four Rlt strains. The Biolog phenotypic profiling comprising utilization of C, N, P, and S sources and tolerance to osmolytes and pH revealed metabolic versatility of the Rlt strains. Statistical analyses of our results showed a clear bias toward specific metabolic preferences, tolerance to unfavorable osmotic conditions, and increased nodulation activity of the strains having smaller amount of extrachromosomal DNA. The K5.4 and K4.15 lacking a large megaplasmid possessed substantially diverse metabolism and belonged to effective clover inoculants. In conclusion, besides overall metabolic versatility, some metabolic specialization may enable rhizobia to persist in variable environments and to compete successfully with other bacteria.
authors: Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland. mazur@hektor.umcs.lublin.pl
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Mazur
authors: Grażyna
authors: G
authors: Stasiak
authors: Jerzy
authors: J
authors: Wielbo
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Koper
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Kubik-Komar
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Skorupska
mesh_terms: D055442:Metabolome; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D016961:Rhizobium leguminosarum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029921:Trifolium / Q000382:microbiology*