title: Systematic review of dose--volume correlates for structures related to late swallowing disturbances after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We analyzed published dose-volume data of the structures related to late radiotherapy-induced swallowing disturbances in head-and-neck cancer to estimate their sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value and to propose minimal criteria for future studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic literature search to identify dose-volume correlates with late swallowing disturbances. Study design, dose-volume data, toxicity evaluation, and statistical methods were considered in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven studies were found, among which one prospective study reported exact dose-volume correlates for individual swallowing structures. Four studies identified dose-volume correlates without reporting exact numbers. One study did not find any correlate of dose-volume data of the swallowing structures with late swallowing disturbances. Variations in patient characteristics, study design, methodology, and statistics made any comparison difficult. However, mean dose to the pharyngeus constrictor muscles appeared to be the most demonstrative predictor of late swallowing disturbances, e.g., reducing the mean dose to the pharyngeal constrictor muscles from 61-64 to 52-55 Gy resulted in fewer swallowing disturbances. There were no available data to estimate sensitivity, specificity, or predictive value of the reported dose-volume correlates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean dose to the pharyngeal constrictor muscles appeared to be the most important dosimetric predictor of late swallowing disturbances. Suggested dose-volume correlates require validation in prospective well-designed clinical trials, applying appropriate statistical methods that would account for possible interfering factors.
authors: Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. frederic.duprez@uzgent.be
authors: Fréderic
authors: F
authors: Duprez
authors: Indira
authors: I
authors: Madani
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: De Potter
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Boterberg
authors: Wilfried
authors: W
authors: De Neve
mesh_terms: D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000528:radiation effects; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000528:radiation effects; D009055:Mouth / Q000528:radiation effects; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000528:radiation effects; D010614:Pharynx / Q000528:radiation effects; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage