title: Long-term prognostic utility of PAPP-A and calprotectin in suspected acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular inflammation plays a key role in the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and calprotectin are two of several novel promising markers of inflammation. The present study evaluates the prognostic utility of these two biomarkers in patients with suspected ACS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chest pain patients with suspected ACS (N = 871) were consecutively included in a prospective, observational study with a mean follow-up time of 84 months. Blood samples were drawn at admission, prior to treatment with heparin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total mortality was 38.9%. In univariate analyses, high PAPP-A levels were associated with significant increased mortality. The hazard ratio [HR] in quartile (Q) 3 and Q4 were 1.57 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-2.18), p = 0.006, and 1.41 [95% CI 1.02-1.97], p = 0.040, respectively, as compared to Q1. Calprotectin in the upper quartile (Q4) was associated with total mortality [HR1.94 (95% CI 1.42-2.66)], p = < 0.001, the combined endpoint of death or recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) [HR 1.68 (95% CI 1.26-2.24), p = < 0.001], and recurrent MI [HR 1.60 (95% CI 1.06-2.41); p = 0.024]. However, neither PAPP-A nor calprotectin was found to be an independent predictor of future adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, high levels of PAPP-A and calprotectin were associated with adverse clinical outcome in chest pain patients with clinically suspected ACS. However, neither of the two biomarkers was an independent predictor of long-term prognosis.
authors: Department of Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. oisteinm@broadpark.no
authors: Oistein Rønneberg
authors: OR
authors: Mjelva
authors: Trygve
authors: T
authors: Brügger-Andersen
authors: Volker
authors: V
authors: Pönitz
authors: Heidi
authors: H
authors: Grundt
authors: Frederic
authors: F
authors: Kontny
authors: Harry
authors: H
authors: Staines
authors: Dennis W T
authors: DW
authors: Nilsen
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A