title: Diabetes mellitus and incidence and mortality of kidney cancer: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is associated with increased risk of a spectrum of cancers, but there are few meta-analyses on the association between diabetes and kidney cancer. We performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies and cohort studies to address the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer in diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were identified by searching PubMed database and manual assessment of the cited references in the retrieved articles. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effect model. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 24 studies were included. We found that diabetes was significantly associated with increased risk of kidney cancer (RR=1.40, 95% CI=1.16 to 1.69), and the results were consistent between case-control and cohort studies. A slightly stronger positive relation was observed in women (RR=1.47, 95% CI=1.18 to 1.83) than in men (RR=1.28, 95% CI=1.10 to 1.48). Additional analyses indicated that the increased risk of kidney cancer was independent of alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI)/obesity and smoking. However, there was no association between diabetes and mortality of kidney cancer (RR=1.12, 95% CI=0.99 to 1.20), without heterogeneity (P=0.419, I(2)=1.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of kidney cancer in both women and men.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors: Cuiping
authors: C
authors: Bao
authors: Xilin
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: Weili
authors: W
authors: Xu
authors: Hongbin
authors: H
authors: Luo
authors: Zhongliang
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Su
authors: Xiuying
authors: X
authors: Qi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D012306:Risk