title: Accommodation and peristalsis are functional responses to obstruction in rat hypertrophic ileum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of chronic obstruction on enteric reflexes evoked by electrical stimulation (EFS) or intraluminal distension of the rat hypertrophic ileum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Motor responses to EFS and to intraluminal distension were studied in the absence and in the presence of various inhibitors of enteric mediators. Ileum segments from operated (chronic ileal obstruction), sham-operated (control) and normal rats were horizontally mounted, connected to a pressure transducer and intraluminally perfused. The effects of selective serotonin receptor (5-HTR) blockers were investigated on distension-induced responses. The cellular localization of 5-HT3Rs was also examined in control and hypertrophic tissues through confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In non-obstructed segments, EFS elicited tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive responses with high amplitude contraction followed by weak relaxation. In hypertrophic tissues, EFS lowered the baseline pressure and evoked TTX-sensitive contractions significantly larger than normal (P < 0.01) or control (P < 0.05), and devoid of any relaxation phase (P < 0.01 vs normal). Incubation with atropine and guanethidine [non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) conditions] did not modify intestinal tone in normal and control preparations, but reversed the accommodation produced by EFS in hypertrophic tissues, and depressed the amplitude of contractions in all types of tissues. L-NAME and α-chymotrypsin blocked residual NANC motility in all tissues and augmented intraluminal pressure in hypertrophic segments (P < 0.05 vs NANC conditions). Intraluminal distension of the intestinal wall evoked non-propulsive cycles of contractions and relaxations in non-obstructed tissues. In all hypertrophic segments, strong propulsive strokes, markedly wider (P < 0.001), and larger than normal (P < 0.001) or control (P < 0.05) were elicited. Both motor patterns were blocked under NANC conditions and with simultaneous incubation with L-NAME and α-chymotrypsin. In all types of tissues, incubation with ketanserin or GR125487 did not modify distension-induced motility. In contrast, blockade of 5-HT3Rs by ondansetron concentration-dependently inhibited motor responses in normal and control tissues, but only slightly impaired enteric reflexes in the hypertrophic preparations. Finally, confocal microscopy did not reveal a different cellular distribution of 5-HT3Rs in control and hypertrophic ileum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accommodation and distension-induced peristalsis of rat hypertrophic ileum are controlled by cholinergic and peptidergic transmission and are negligibly affected by 5-HT3Rs, which modulate distension-induced motility in non-obstructed tissues.
authors: Department of Pharmacological, Biological and Applied Chemical Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy. simona.bertoni@unipr.it
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Bertoni
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Saccani
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: Gatti
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Rapalli
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Flammini
authors: Vigilio
authors: V
authors: Ballabeni
authors: Elisabetta
authors: E
authors: Barocelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007077:Ileal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000187:drug effects; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012018:Reflex; D059326:Serotonergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents
keywords: 5-HT3 receptor; Intestinal obstruction; Peristalsis; Rat intestinal motility; Serotonin