title: Okadaic acid-induced Tau phosphorylation in rat brain: role of NMDA receptor.
abstract: Okadaic acid (OKA) is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1/2A (PP2A). Inhibition of PP2A leads to hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein. Hyperphosphorylated Tau protein is present in intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles a characteristic feature of neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of OKA causes neurotoxicity, which is associated with increased intracellular Ca(2+) level, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain areas. The present study explored Tau phosphorylation in OKA-treated rats in relation to memory function, PP2A activity, intracellular Ca(2+), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor after 13days of OKA (200ng, ICV) administration in rats, memory was found impaired in the water maze test. OKA-induced memory-impaired rats showed increased mRNA and protein expression of Tau, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), Calpain and GSK3β in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. On the other hand, mRNA expression and activity of PP2A was reduced in these brain areas. OKA treatment also, resulted in decrease in mRNA expression of C and N terminals of Tau. Treatment with NMDA antagonist, MK801 (0.05mg/kg, i.p.) for 13days significantly prevented OKA-induced changes in the expression of PP2A, Tau, GSK3β, CaMKII and Calpain. Further, daily administration of anticholinergic drug, donepezil (5mg/kg, p.o.), and the NMDA receptor antagonist, memantine (10mg/kg, p.o.) initiated after OKA administration for 13days significantly attenuated OKA-induced variation in Tau, Tau-C terminal, Tau-N terminal CaMKII, Calpain, PP2A and GSK3β. These results infer that NMDA antagonist MK801 and memantine are effective against OKA-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, the present study clearly indicates the involvement of NMDA receptor in OKA (ICV)-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation.
authors: Division of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors: P K
authors: PK
authors: Kamat
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rai
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Swarnkar
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Shukla
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ali
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Najmi
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Nath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077265:Donepezil; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008559:Memantine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007189:Indans; D010880:Piperidines; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D016875:tau Proteins; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D000077265:Donepezil; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D002154:Calpain; D002118:Calcium; D008559:Memantine