title: Evaluation of anxiety levels in patients with chronic orthopedic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the variables that affect anxiety levels in patients with chronic orthopedic diseases and develop motivational methods to manage these problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included a total of 100 patients (55 males, 45 females; mean age: 46.8 years; range: 18 to 83 years) that either underwent surgical procedures due to orthopedic diseases lasting for a minimum of one year and not responsive to conservative treatment methods, or were hospitalized due to the complications arising after orthopedic surgical procedures. Psychological evaluation was made using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) forms TX 1 and 2. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 11.0 and evaluated with the ANOVA, Tukey, Student's t and post hoc tests. A value of p≤0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean state anxiety and trait anxiety scores were 43.08 and 42.61, respectively. Depression was diagnosed in 24 of patients and anxiety disorder in 29. Changes in the treatment modality were necessary in 4 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mental and behavioral disorders are rather common in patients with chronic orthopedic diseases. Treatment modalities used for such patients should be established in a bio-psycho-social manner with regards to the psychological and social aspects of the disease.
authors: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey. bilalbirkandemir@yahoo.com
authors: Bilal
authors: B
authors: Demir
authors: Sarper
authors: S
authors: Gürsu
authors: Timur
authors: T
authors: Yildirim
authors: Turgay
authors: T
authors: Er
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult