title: [Experimental study on establishment of a simple model of rats crush injury-crush syndrome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a repeatable, simple, and effective model of rat crush injury and crush syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 42 female Sprague Dawley rats (2-month-old, (CS) so as to lay a foundation for further study on CS. weighing 160-180 g) were divided randomly into the control group (n=6) and experimental group (n=36). The rats of the experimental group were used to establish the crush injury and CS model in both lower limbs by self-made crush injury mould. The survival rate and hematuria rate were observed after decompression. The biochemical indexes of blood were measured at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after decompression. The samples of muscle, kidney, and heart were harvested for morphological observation. There was no treatment in the control group, and the same tests were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven rats died and 15 rats had hematuria during compression in the experimental group. Swelling of the lower limb and muscle tissue was observed in the survival rats after reperfusion. The liver function test results showed that the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The renal function test results showed that blood urea nitrogen level increased significantly after 2 hours of decompression in the experimental group, showing significant difference when compared with that in the control group at 12, 24, and 48 hours after decompression (P < 0.05); the creatinine level of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours, showing significant difference at 8, 12, and 24 hours (P < 0.05). The serum K+ concentration of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at all time, showing significant difference at the other time (P < 0.05) except at 2 hours. The creatine kinase level showed an increasing tendency in the experimental group, showing significant difference when compared with the level of the control group at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours (P < 0.05). The histological examination of the experimental group showed that obvious edema and necrosis of the muscle were observed at different time points; glomeruli congestion and swelling, renal tubular epithelial cell degeneration, edema, necrosis, and myoglobin tube type were found in the kidneys; and myocardial structure had no obvious changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method of the crush injury and CS model by self-made crush injury mould is a simple and effective procedure and the experimental result is stable. It is a simple method to establish an effective model of rats crush injury and CS.
authors: Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang Sichuan, 618000, PR China.
authors: Xi
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Yuehong
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Xu
authors: Tingwu
authors: T
authors: Qin
authors: Luping
authors: L
authors: Zhao
authors: Shuping
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Tan
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D003444:Crush Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000293:injuries*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D023421:Models, Animal; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003402:Creatine Kinase