title: The impact of surgical breast reduction on the postural control of women with breast hypertrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated the impact of breast reduction surgery on the daily lives of women, including impacts directly related to changes in postural control such as a reduced center-of-pressure displacement. However, postural control is a dynamic process that depends on the integration of sensory information to organize a proper motor strategy to overcome the balance demands of the task. This study evaluated sensory integration in the postural control of women with breast hypertrophy after breast reduction surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 14 women with breast hypertrophy were evaluated before surgery and 6 months afterward. A force platform was used to assess how the somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems contributed to postural control. Four conditions were used: eyes open/fixed platform (normal condition), eyes closed/fixed platform, eyes open/mobile platform, and eyes closed/mobile platform. For each condition, a nonparametric Friedman test was applied to compare the area and velocity of the center-of-pressure displacement between pre- and post-surgery tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After surgery, the women demonstrated a smaller displacement area under normal conditions and in the eyes closed/fixed platform condition. The mean velocity in the forward-backward direction was significantly reduced after surgery when the women's eyes were closed on a mobile platform.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After breast reduction surgery, women were found to control their posture with a smaller center-of-pressure displacement area when all sensory information was available and when their vision was suppressed with a fixed platform. Furthermore, the velocities were smaller when vision was suppressed with inaccurate somatosensory information.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
authors: Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneás de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil.
authors: Alessandra F
authors: AF
authors: Barbosa
authors: Patricia H
authors: PH
authors: Lavoura
authors: Catarina C
authors: CC
authors: Boffino
authors: Cássio M
authors: CM
authors: Siqueira
authors: Márcio P
authors: MP
authors: Costa
authors: Jonas E
authors: JE
authors: Lima Junior
authors: Clarice
authors: C
authors: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001940:Breast / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult