title: Expand classical drug administration ways by emerging routes using dendrimer drug delivery systems: a concise overview.
abstract: Drugs are introduced into the body by numerous routes such as enteral (oral, sublingual and rectum administration), parenteral (intravascular, intramuscular, subcutaneous and inhalation administration), or topical (skin and mucosal membranes). Each route has specific purposes, advantages and disadvantages. Today, the oral route remains the preferred one for different reasons such as ease and compliance by patients. Several nanoformulated drugs have been already approved by the FDA, such as Abelcet®, Doxil®, Abraxane® or Vivagel®(Starpharma) which is an anionic G4-poly(L-lysine)-type dendrimer showing potent topical vaginal microbicide activity. Numerous biochemical studies, as well as biological and pharmacological applications of both dendrimer based products (dendrimers as therapeutic compounds per se, like Vivagel®) and dendrimers as drug carriers (covalent conjugation or noncovalent encapsulation of drugs) were described. It is widely known that due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties, dendrimers afforded improvement of corresponding carried-drugs as dendrimer-drug complexes or conjugates (versus plain drug) such as biodistribution and pharmacokinetic behaviors. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the recent progresses of dendrimers as nanoscale drug delivery systems for the delivery of drugs using enteral, parenteral and topical routes. In particular, we focus our attention on the emerging and promising routes such as oral, transdermal, ocular and transmucosal routes using dendrimers as delivery systems.
authors: Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie pharmacologiques et toxicologique, 45, rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France. Electronic address: serge.mignani@parisdescartes.fr.
authors: Serge
authors: S
authors: Mignani
authors: Saïd
authors: S
authors: El Kazzouli
authors: Mosto
authors: M
authors: Bousmina
authors: Jean-Pierre
authors: JP
authors: Majoral
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D050091:Dendrimers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011108:Polymers
keywords: Dendrimers; Inhalation administration; Intravenous route; Nasal administration; Ocular drug delivery; Oral route; Routes of administration; Transdermal diffusion