title: Contributions of phase resetting and interlimb coordination to the adaptive control of hindlimb obstacle avoidance during locomotion in rats: a simulation study.
abstract: Obstacle avoidance during locomotion is essential for safe, smooth locomotion. Physiological studies regarding muscle synergy have shown that the combination of a small number of basic patterns produces the large part of muscle activities during locomotion and the addition of another pattern explains muscle activities for obstacle avoidance. Furthermore, central pattern generators in the spinal cord are thought to manage the timing to produce such basic patterns. In the present study, we investigated sensory-motor coordination for obstacle avoidance by the hindlimbs of the rat using a neuromusculoskeletal model. We constructed the musculoskeletal part of the model based on empirical anatomical data of the rat and the nervous system model based on the aforementioned physiological findings of central pattern generators and muscle synergy. To verify the dynamic simulation by the constructed model, we compared the simulation results with kinematic and electromyographic data measured during actual locomotion in rats. In addition, we incorporated sensory regulation models based on physiological evidence of phase resetting and interlimb coordination and examined their functional roles in stepping over an obstacle during locomotion. Our results show that the phase regulation based on interlimb coordination contributes to stepping over a higher obstacle and that based on phase resetting contributes to quick recovery after stepping over the obstacle. These results suggest the importance of sensory regulation in generating successful obstacle avoidance during locomotion.
authors: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. shinya_aoi@kuaero.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors: Shinya
authors: S
authors: Aoi
authors: Takahiro
authors: T
authors: Kondo
authors: Naohiro
authors: N
authors: Hayashi
authors: Dai
authors: D
authors: Yanagihara
authors: Sho
authors: S
authors: Aoki
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Yamaura
authors: Naomichi
authors: N
authors: Ogihara
authors: Tetsuro
authors: T
authors: Funato
authors: Nozomi
authors: N
authors: Tomita
authors: Kei
authors: K
authors: Senda
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Tsuchiya
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004576:Electromyography; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000502:physiology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D009142:Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar