title: Induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-mediated gene expression by tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) extracts.
abstract: Since beneficial effects related to tomato consumption partially overlap with those related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation, our aim was to test extracts of tomato fruits and tomato components, including polyphenols and isoprenoids, for their capacity to activate PPARγ using the PPARγ2 CALUX reporter cell line. Thirty tomato compounds were tested; seven carotenoids and three polyphenols induced PPARγ2-mediated luciferase expression. Two extracts of tomato, one containing deglycosylated phenolic compounds and one containing isoprenoids, also induced PPARγ2-mediated expression at physiologically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, enzymatically hydrolyzed extracts of seven tomato varieties all induced PPARγ-mediated expression, with a 1.6-fold difference between the least potent and the most potent variety. The two most potent varieties had high flavonoid content, while the two least potent varieties had low flavonoid content. These data indicate that extracts of tomato are able to induce PPARγ-mediated gene expression in vitro and that some tomato varieties are more potent than others.
authors: Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. linda.gijsbers@wur.nl
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Gijsbers
authors: Henriëtte D L M
authors: HD
authors: van Eekelen
authors: Laura H J
authors: LH
authors: de Haan
authors: Jorik M
authors: JM
authors: Swier
authors: Nienke L
authors: NL
authors: Heijink
authors: Samantha K
authors: SK
authors: Kloet
authors: Hai-Yen
authors: HY
authors: Man
authors: Arnaud G
authors: AG
authors: Bovy
authors: Jaap
authors: J
authors: Keijer
authors: Jac M M J G
authors: JM
authors: Aarts
authors: Bart
authors: B
authors: van der Burg
authors: Ivonne M C M
authors: IM
authors: Rietjens
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013729:Terpenes