title: Immunomodulation of Homeopathic Thymulin 5CH in a BCG-Induced Granuloma Model.
abstract: The present study analyzed the immune modulation mechanisms of thymulin 5CH in a granuloma experimental model. Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma, which was quantitatively evaluated. The phenotypic characterization of phagocyte, T- and B-lymphocyte populations in the peritoneum, and local lymph node was done by flow cytometry. During all experimental periods, thymulin 5CH and vehicle (control) were given ad libitum to mice, diluted into the drinking water (1.6 × 10(-17) M). After 7 days from inoculation, thymulin-treated mice presented reduction in the number of epithelioid cytokeratine-positive cells (P = 0.0001) in the lesion, in relation to young phagocytes. After 21 days, the differentiation of B1 peritoneal stem cells into phagocytes reached the peak, being higher in thymulin-treated mice (P = 0.0001). Simultaneously, the score of infected phagocytes in the lesion decreased (P = 0.001), and the number of B1-derived phagocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the local lymph node increased in relation to control (P = 0.0001). No difference was seen on the CD25+ Treg cells. The results show that thymulin 5CH treatment is able to improve the granuloma inflammatory process and the infection remission, by modulating local and systemic phagocyte differentiation.
authors: Research Center of Universidade Paulista, Rua Dr. Bacelar 1212, 5th Floor, 04026-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade de Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Instituto de Ensino, Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Royal, São Roque, SP, Brazil.
authors: Leoni Villano
authors: LV
authors: Bonamin
authors: Cesar
authors: C
authors: Sato
authors: Ruggero
authors: R
authors: Zalla Neto
authors: Graziela
authors: G
authors: Morante
authors: Thayná Neves
authors: TN
authors: Cardoso
authors: Fabiana Rodrigues
authors: FR
authors: de Santana
authors: Cideli de Paula
authors: Cde P
authors: Coelho
authors: Lika
authors: L
authors: Osugui
authors: Ana Flavia
authors: AF
authors: Popi
authors: Elizabeth Cristina Perez
authors: EC
authors: Hurtado
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Mariano