title: Insecticidal and biting deterrent activity of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.) essential oils and individual compounds against Stephanitis pyrioides and Aedes aegypti.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rose-scented geranium, Pelargonium spp., essential oils from the cultivars 'Bourbon', 'China', 'Egypt', 'Rober's Lemon Rose' and 'Frensham' were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 136 compounds were identified from five essential oils, constituting 85.5-99.7% of the oils. Essential oils and pure compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Stephanitis pyrioides and larvicidal and biting deterrent activity against Aedes aegypti.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All five geranium oils were toxic to S. pyrioides, and four of these five were more potent than malathion and neem. Trans-nerolidol (LD50 = 13.4 ppm) was the most toxic compound against one-day-old Ae. aegypti larvae, followed by geraniol (49.3 ppm), citronellol (49.9 ppm) and geranyl formate (58.5 ppm). Essential oil of cultivar 'Egypt' at 100 μg cm(-2) [biting deterrent index (BDI) = 0.8] showed the highest biting deterrent activity, followed by cultivars 'Frensham' (BDI = 0.76), 'China' (BDI = 0.72), 'Rober's Lemon Rose' (BDI = 0.63) and 'Bourbon' (BDI = 0.45) essential oils. Among the pure compounds, the biting deterrent activity of geranic acid (BDI = 0.99) was not significantly different from that of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Essential oils and pure compounds showed insecticidal activity against S. pyrioides and Ae. aegypti. The high biting deterrent activity of geranic acid points to the need for further research.
authors: National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
authors: Abbas
authors: A
authors: Ali
authors: Christine C
authors: CC
authors: Murphy
authors: Betul
authors: B
authors: Demirci
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Wedge
authors: Blair J
authors: BJ
authors: Sampson
authors: Ikhlas A
authors: IA
authors: Khan
authors: K Husnu Can
authors: KH
authors: Baser
authors: Nurhayat
authors: N
authors: Tabanca
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031316:Pelargonium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Stephanitis pyrioides; citronellol; geranic acid; geraniol; nerolidol; rose-scented geranium