title: A new metaphyseal bone defect model in osteoporotic rats to study biomaterials for the enhancement of bone healing in osteoporotic fractures.
abstract: The intention of this study was to establish a new critical size animal model that represents clinically relevant situations with osteoporotic bone status and internally fixated metaphyseal defect fractures in which biomaterials for the enhancement of fracture healing in osteoporotic fracture defects can be studied. Twenty-eight rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with a calcium-, phosphorus-, vitamin D3-, soy- and phytoestrogen-free diet. After 3months Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements showed statistically significant reductions in bone mineral density of the spine of -25.9% and of the femur of -21.3% of the OVX rats compared with controls, confirming osteoporosis in the OVX rats. The OVX rats then underwent either 3 or 5mm wedge-shaped osteotomy of the distal metaphyseal area of the femur that was internally stabilized with a T-shaped mini-plate. After 42days biomechanical testing yielded completely unstable conditions in the 5mm defect femora (bending stiffness 0Nmm(-2)) and a bending stiffness of 12,500Nmm(-2) in the 3mm defects, which showed the beginning of fracture consolidation. Micro-computed tomography showed statistically significant more new bone formation in the 3mm defects (4.83±0.37mm(2)), with bridging of the initial fracture defect area, compared with the 5mm defects (2.68±0.34mm(2)), in which no bridging of the initial defect was found. These results were confirmed by histology. In conclusion, the 5mm defect can be considered as a critical size defect model in which biomaterials can be tested.
authors: Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany. volker.alt@chiru.med.uni-giessen.de
authors: Volker
authors: V
authors: Alt
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Thormann
authors: Seemun
authors: S
authors: Ray
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Zahner
authors: Lutz
authors: L
authors: Dürselen
authors: Katrin
authors: K
authors: Lips
authors: Thaqif
authors: T
authors: El Khassawna
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Heiss
authors: Alina
authors: A
authors: Riedrich
authors: Gudrun
authors: G
authors: Schlewitz
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Ignatius
authors: Marian
authors: M
authors: Kampschulte
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: von Dewitz
authors: Sascha
authors: S
authors: Heinemann
authors: Reinhard
authors: R
authors: Schnettler
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Langheinrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes