title: Three-dimensional and multienergy gamma-ray simultaneous imaging by using a Si/CdTe Compton camera.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a silicon (Si) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) imaging Compton camera for biomedical application on the basis of technologies used for astrophysical observation and to test its capacity to perform three-dimensional (3D) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  All animal experiments were performed according to the Animal Care and Experimentation Committee (Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan). Flourine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), iodine 131 ((131)I) methylnorcholestenol, and gallium 67 ((67)Ga) citrate, separately compacted into micro tubes, were inserted subcutaneously into a Wistar rat, and the distribution of the radioisotope compounds was determined with 3D imaging by using the Compton camera after the rat was sacrificed (ex vivo model). In a separate experiment, indium 111((111)In) chloride and (131)I-methylnorcholestenol were injected into a rat intravenously, and copper 64 ((64)Cu) chloride was administered into the stomach orally just before imaging. The isotope distributions were determined with 3D imaging after sacrifice by means of the list-mode-expectation-maximizing-maximum-likelihood method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Si/CdTe Compton camera demonstrated its 3D multinuclear imaging capability by separating out the distributions of FDG, (131)I-methylnorcholestenol, and (67)Ga-citrate clearly in a test-tube-implanted ex vivo model. In the more physiologic model with tail vein injection prior to sacrifice, the distributions of (131)I-methylnorcholestenol and (64)Cu-chloride were demonstrated with 3D imaging, and the difference in distribution of the two isotopes was successfully imaged although the accumulation on the image of (111)In-chloride was difficult to visualize because of blurring at the low-energy region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Si/CdTe Compton camera clearly resolved the distribution of multiple isotopes in 3D imaging and simultaneously in the ex vivo model.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Suzuki
authors: Mitsutaka
authors: M
authors: Yamaguchi
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Odaka
authors: Hirofumi
authors: H
authors: Shimada
authors: Yukari
authors: Y
authors: Yoshida
authors: Kota
authors: K
authors: Torikai
authors: Takahiro
authors: T
authors: Satoh
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Arakawa
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Kawachi
authors: Shigeki
authors: S
authors: Watanabe
authors: Shin'ichiro
authors: S
authors: Takeda
authors: Shin-nosuke
authors: SN
authors: Ishikawa
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Aono
authors: Shin
authors: S
authors: Watanabe
authors: Tadayuki
authors: T
authors: Takahashi
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002951:Citrates / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000737:chemistry; D005708:Gallium / Q000737:chemistry; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007204:Indium / Q000737:chemistry; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D057805:Pets; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D013691:Tellurium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D002951:Citrates; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D007204:Indium; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; C020758:indium trichloride; D003300:Copper; D005708:Gallium; C103850:gallium citrate; D013691:Tellurium; C029892:cupric chloride; C028337:cadmium telluride; D012825:Silicon