title: Response of carotenoids and tocols of durum wheat in relation to water stress and sulfur fertilization.
abstract: Lipophilic antioxidants are essential components of plant defense against stressful conditions. The response of carotenoids and tocols to water deficit and sulfur fertilization was investigated in durum wheat cultivars. The amounts of tocols and carotenoids were evaluated in both whole meal and semolina samples. Differences among cultivars were observed. Simeto cultivar showed a significant effect of water regime on whole meal and semolina carotenoids, with about 20% and 15% increase, respectively. Also tocols and tocotrienols of Simeto were positively affected by water stress (about 10% increase and 15% increase in whole meals and semolinas). Sulfur fertilization positively impacted mainly Ofanto whole-grain and semolina carotenoids, semolina tocols, and tocotrienols. In conclusion, water deficit occurring under a Mediterranean environment was responsible for an improvement of lipophilic antioxidant content in durum wheat; in contrast sulfur supplementation did not improve the response of the antioxidant pool under water deficit.
authors: Di.A.A.A., Università degli Studi del Molise , Via de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Fratianni
authors: Luigia
authors: L
authors: Giuzio
authors: Tiziana
authors: T
authors: Di Criscio
authors: Flagella
authors: F
authors: Zina
authors: Gianfranco
authors: G
authors: Panfili
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D014867:Water; D002338:Carotenoids; D013455:Sulfur; D024505:Tocopherols; C572520:tocol