title: Incidence of venous thromboembolism before treatment in cervical cancer and the impact of management on venous thromboembolism after commencement of treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Silent venous thromboembolism (VTE) often occurs before treatment in ovarian or endometrial cancer and management can decrease VTE after treatment. However, the incidence of VTE before treatment and the impact of management are still unclear in cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the incidence of VTE before treatment in 272 consecutive patients with cervical cancer, and the impact of management on prevention of VTE during and after treatment. D-dimer levels before treatment were examined in all patients. Venous ultrasonography of the lower extremities was performed in patients with D-dimer ≥1.5μg/ml. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the pelvis or abdomen was diagnosed by enhanced computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients (4.8%; 3 preoperatively, 10 before radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy) were diagnosed with DVT, although DVT was symptomatic in only 1 patient. None of the 13 patients showed pulmonary embolism on pulmonary scanning. Although 4 of 128 patients (3.1%) developed VTE after radical hysterectomy, none of the 124 patients who underwent radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy developed VTE during or after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that VTE before treatment occurs less frequently with cervical cancer than with ovarian or endometrial cancer. However, management may decrease VTE during and after treatment, especially radiotherapy.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. toyomi-s@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors: Toyomi
authors: T
authors: Satoh
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Yumiko O
authors: YO
authors: Tanaka
authors: Azusa
authors: A
authors: Akiyama
authors: Sari
authors: S
authors: Nakao
authors: Manabu
authors: M
authors: Sakurai
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Ochi
authors: Mamiko
authors: M
authors: Onuki
authors: Takeo
authors: T
authors: Minaguchi
authors: Hideyuki
authors: H
authors: Sakurai
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*