title: Agreement between panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs for measuring the gonial angle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gonial angle is one of the most important measurements required for orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. It is difficult to determine the accurate measurement of each gonial angle on cephalometric radiographs because of superimposition of the left and right angles.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to determine the right and left gonial angles on panoramic radiographs and to compare them with an evaluated cephalometric sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 80 panoramic and 80 cephalometric radiographs were obtained from 6 to 12-year-old children and the gonial angle was determined by the tangent of the inferior border of the mandible and the most distal aspect of the ascending ramus and the condyleon both panoramic and cephalometric radiographs. We used Pearson's correlation coefficient and paired t-test for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean gonial angle was 127.07 ± 6.10 and 127.5 ± 6.67 degrees on panoramic and cephalometric radiographs, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the measured gonial angles on panoramic and cephalometric radiographs and also no difference between the right and left (both Ps = 0.18)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The value of the gonial angle measured on panoramic radiography was the same as that measured on the routinely used cephalometric radiography.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Zangouei-Booshehri
authors: Hossein-Agha
authors: HA
authors: Aghili
authors: Mojtaba
authors: M
authors: Abasi
authors: Fatemeh
authors: F
authors: Ezoddini-Ardakani
keywords: Cephalometry; Gonial Angle; Orthognathic Surgery; Panoramic; Radiography