title: Bridge of bone canthopexy: technique and morphologic assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malposition of the lower eyelid may disrupt facial aesthetics and impair proper eyelid function. Multiple techniques have been proposed to restore lower eyelid position. The purpose of this study is to report on a modified bridge of bone canthopexy technique and assess its effect on lower eyelid and palpebral fissure restoration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was conducted. Pre- and post-operative photographs of patients were evaluated by a blinded observer. Pair-wise and chi-square tests were conducted with an observed p-value of 0.05 or less considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  12 patients (7 females) with a mean age of 42 (range = 7-87) were included. Canthal tilt and scleral show decreased significantly following surgery (p = 0.05), and the eye fissure index and inferior coverage of the iris approached significance (p = 0.16 and p = 0.07, respectively). Two minor complications were encountered in our series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified bridge of bone canthopexy is a safe and effective technique for alteration of the lower eyelid and is broadly applicable to all causes of negative canthal angulation. Further studies are necessary to test the longevity and stability of this procedure.
authors: Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors: Miles J
authors: MJ
authors: Pfaff
authors: Christopher C
authors: CC
authors: Chang
authors: Anup
authors: A
authors: Patel
authors: Derek M
authors: DM
authors: Steinbacher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004483:Ectropion / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult