title: The Burkholderia contaminans MS14 ocfC gene encodes a xylosyltransferase for production of the antifungal occidiofungin.
abstract: Burkholderia contaminans strain MS14 produces the antifungal compound occidiofungin, which is responsible for significant antifungal activities against a broad range of plant and animal fungal pathogens. Occidiofungin is a cyclic glycolipopeptide made up of eight amino acids and one xylose. A 56-kb ocf gene cluster was determined to be essential for occidiofungin production. In this study, the ocfC gene, which is located downstream of ocfD and upstream of the ocfB gene in the ocf gene cluster, was examined. Antifungal activity of the ocfC gene mutant MS14KC1 was reduced against the indicator fungus Geotrichum candidum compared with that of the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the analysis of the protein sequence suggests that the ocfC gene encodes a glycosyltransferase. Biochemical analyses using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy revealed that the ocfC mutant produced the occidiofungin without the xylose. The purified ocfC mutant MS14KC1 product had a level of bioactivity similar to that of the wild-type product. The revertant MS14KC1-R of the ocfC mutant produced the same antifungal activity level on plate assays and the same antifungal compound based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectroscopy analysis as wild-type strain MS14. Collectively, the study demonstrates that the ocfC gene encodes a glycosyltransferase responsible to add a xylose to the occidiofungin molecule and that the presence of the xylose is not important for antifungal activity against Candida species. The finding provides a novel variant for future studies aimed at evaluating its use for inhibiting clinical and agricultural fungi, and the finding could also simplify the chemical synthesis of occidiofungin variants.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.
authors: Kuan-Chih
authors: KC
authors: Chen
authors: Akshaya
authors: A
authors: Ravichandran
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Guerrero
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Deng
authors: Sonya M
authors: SM
authors: Baird
authors: Leif
authors: L
authors: Smith
authors: Shi-En
authors: SE
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D019117:Burkholderia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D005848:Geotrichum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010430:Pentosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014994:Xylose / Q000378:metabolism; D000097608:UDP Xylose-Protein Xylosyltransferase
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D006020:Glycopeptides; D010430:Pentosyltransferases; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D014994:Xylose; D000097608:UDP Xylose-Protein Xylosyltransferase; C576718:occidiofungin