title: Medical use, medical misuse, and nonmedical use of prescription opioids: results from a longitudinal study.
abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and patterns associated with past-year medical use, medical misuse, and nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) among adolescents over a 2-year time period and to examine substance abuse, sleeping problems, and physical pain symptoms associated with these patterns of medical use, medical misuse, and NMUPO. A Web-based survey was self-administered by a longitudinal sample of 2050 middle and high school students in 2009-2010 (Year 1) and again in 2010-2011 (Year 2). The study was set in 2 southeastern Michigan school districts. The longitudinal sample consisted of 50% females, 67% Whites, 28% African-Americans, and 5% from other racial/ethnic categories. Main outcome measures were past-year medical use, medical misuse, and NMUPO. Of those reporting appropriate medical use of prescription opioids in Year 1, approximately 34% continued medical use in Year 2. Of those reporting past-year NMUPO in Year 1, approximately 25% continued NMUPO in Year 2. Appropriate medical use and NMUPO for pain relief was more prevalent among girls than boys. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that the odds of a positive screen for substance abuse in Year 2 were greater for adolescents who reported medical misuse or NMUPO for non-pain-relief motives in Year 1 compared with those who did not use prescription opioids. The findings indicate an increased risk for substance abuse among adolescents who report medical misuse or NMUPO for non-pain-relief motives over time. The findings have important clinical implications for interventions to reduce medical misuse and NMUPO among adolescents.
authors: Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1290, USA Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2054, USA Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1070, USA Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48016-1248, USA School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5482, USA.
authors: Sean Esteban
authors: SE
authors: McCabe
authors: Brady T
authors: BT
authors: West
authors: Carol J
authors: CJ
authors: Boyd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003815:Dentists; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006300:Health Services Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D009726:Nurses; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D010820:Physicians; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D055553:Prescription Drugs