title: Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms with consumption of high fruit-juice and vegetable diet affect antioxidant capacity in healthy adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To our knowledge, no data have yet shown the combined effects of GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with high consumption of a fruit and vegetable diet on the body's antioxidant capacity. A 2-wk dietary intervention in healthy participants was conducted to test the hypothesis that the antioxidant biomarkers in individuals with different glutathione-S-transferases (GST) genotypes will be different in response to a high fruit-juice and vegetable diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study, 24 healthy volunteers with different GST genotypes (12 GSTM1+/GSTT1+ and 12 GSTM1-/GSTT1- participants) consumed a controlled diet high in fruit-juice and vegetables for 2 wk. Blood and first-void urine specimens were obtained at baseline, 1-wk, and 2-wk intervals. The antioxidant capacity-related biomarkers in blood and urine were observed and recorded at the scheduled times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Erythrocyte GST and glutathione reductase (GR) activities response to a high fruit-juice and vegetable diet are GST genotype-dependent. Two weeks on the high fruit-juice and vegetable diet increased GST and GR activities in the GSTM1+/GSTT1+ group (P < 0.05 compared with baseline or GSTM1-/GSTT1- group), although no effects were observed on GST and GR activities in GSTM1-/GSTT1- participants. Dietary intervention increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased plasma malondialdehyde content in all participants (P < 0.05 compared with baseline), whereas GSTM1+/GSTT1+ participants respond more quickly to a high fruit-juice and vegetable diet than GSTM1-/GSTT1- participants. The diet intervention was effective in enhancing glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in all participants (P < 0.05 compared with baseline), although there was no influence on erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of a diet rich in fruit-juice and vegetables on antioxidant capacity were dependent on GSTM1/GSTT1 genotypes.
authors: School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
authors: Linhong
authors: L
authors: Yuan
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Weiwei
authors: W
authors: Ma
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Zhou
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Ji
authors: Nan
authors: N
authors: Li
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001628:Beverages; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014675:Vegetables; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000975:Antioxidants; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D015415:Biomarkers; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014801:Vitamin A; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1