title: Epigenetic medicine and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
abstract: Epigenetic medicine is still in its infancy. To date, only a handful of diseases have documented epigenetic correlates upstream of gene regulation including cancer, developmental syndromes and late-onset diseases. The finding that epigenetic markers are dynamic and heterogeneous at tissue and cellular levels, combined with recent identification of a new form of functionally distinct DNA methylation has opened a wider window for investigators to pry into the epigenetic world. It is anticipated that many diseases will be elucidated through this epigenetic inquiry. In this review, we discuss the normal course of DNA methylation during development, taking alcohol as a demonstrator of the epigenetic impact of environmental factors in disease etiology, particularly the growth retardation and neurodevelopmental deficits of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
authors: Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors: Marisol
authors: M
authors: Resendiz
authors: Yuanyuan
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Nail C
authors: NC
authors: Oztürk
authors: Feng C
authors: FC
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; C011865:5-hydroxymethylcytosine; D000431:Ethanol; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D003596:Cytosine