title: Mode-locked thulium-bismuth codoped fiber laser using graphene saturable absorber in ring cavity.
abstract: We demonstrate mode locking of a thulium-bismuth codoped fiber laser (TBFL) operating at 1901.6 nm, using a graphene-based saturable absorber (SA). In this work, a single layer graphene is mechanically exfoliated using the scotch tape method and directly transferred onto the surface of a fiber pigtail to fabricate the SA. The obtained Raman spectrum characteristic indicates that the graphene on the core surface has a single layer. At 1552 nm pump power of 869 mW, the mode-locked TBFL self starts to generate an optical pulse train with a repetition rate of 16.7 MHz and pulse width of 0.37 ps. This is a simple, low-cost, stable, and convenient laser oscillator for applications where eye-safe and low-photon-energy light sources are required, such as sensing and biomedical diagnostics.
authors: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National Defense University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: D I M
authors: DI
authors: Zen
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Saidin
authors: S S A
authors: SS
authors: Damanhuri
authors: S W
authors: SW
authors: Harun
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ahmad
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Ismail
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Dimyati
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Halder
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Paul
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Das
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pal
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Bhadra
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D007834:Lasers; D055100:Optical Fibers; D009991:Oscillometry / Q000379:methods; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D013932:Thulium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006108:Graphite; D013932:Thulium; D001729:Bismuth