title: Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Leishmania aethiopica to miltefosine, paromomycin, amphotericin B and sodium stibogluconate using amastigote-macrophage in vitro model.
abstract: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania aethiopica is a public health and social problem with a sequel of severe and mutilating skin lesions. It is manifested in three forms: localized CL (LCL), mucosal CL (MCL) and diffuse CL (DCL). Unresponsiveness to sodium stibogluconate (Sb(V)) is common in Ethiopian CL patients. Using the amastigote-macrophage in vitro model the susceptibility of 24 clinical isolates of L. aethiopica derived from untreated patients was investigated. Eight strains of LCL, 9 of MCL, and 7 of DCL patients together with a reference strain (MHOM/ET/82/117/82) were tested against four antileishmanial drugs: amphotericin B, miltefosine, Sb(V) and paromomycin. In the same order of drugs, IC(50) (μg/ml±SD) values for the 24 strains tested were 0.16±0.18, 5.88±4.79, 10.23±8.12, and 13.63±18.74. The susceptibility threshold of isolates originating from the 3 categories of patients to all 4 drugs was not different (p>0.05). Maximal efficacy was superior for miltefosine across all the strains. Further susceptibility test could validate miltefosine as a potential alternative drug in cases of sodium stibogluconate treatment failure in CL patients.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1237, Code 1110, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. manaye.utaile@bobcats.gcsu.edu
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Utaile
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kassahun
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Abebe
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hailu
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005002:Ethiopia; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007891:Leishmania / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000469:parasitology*; D051379:Mice; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010303:Paromomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C039128:miltefosine; D010303:Paromomycin; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000967:Antimony Sodium Gluconate