title: A randomized clinical trial of smoking cessation treatments provided in HIV clinical care settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying successful smoking treatment interventions and methods of delivery is critical given the smoking rates among HIV-positive populations and the medical implications of smoking in this population. This study compared the efficacy of 3 smoking cessation interventions provided in HIV clinical treatment settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following a baseline assessment, 209 HIV-positive smokers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions in a parallel group design. Treatment conditions were individual counseling plus nicotine replacement treatment (NRT), a computer-based Internet smoking treatment plus NRT, and self-help plus NRT. Smoking status was determined at follow-up assessments completed at 12, 24, 36, and 52 weeks following treatment initiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cessation rates ranged from 15% to 29%; however, no statistically significant differences in abstinence were found among the treatment conditions over time. Those employed, those who reported a greater desire to quit, or those with lower mood disturbance scores were more likely to achieve abstinence (p < .01). The number of cigarettes participants reported smoking in the 24hr prior to each assessment significantly declined over time (p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we found no differences in abstinence rates across groups, the results indicate that integration of smoking cessation interventions is feasible in HIV clinical treatment settings, and cessation results are promising. The overall abstinence rates we report are comparable to those found in similar treatment studies across multiple populations. Further research is warranted.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ghumfleet@lppi.ucsf.edu
authors: Gary L
authors: GL
authors: Humfleet
authors: Sharon M
authors: SM
authors: Hall
authors: Kevin L
authors: KL
authors: Delucchi
authors: James W
authors: JW
authors: Dilley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention