title: Smoking and dietary inadequacy among Inuvialuit women of child bearing age in the Northwest Territories, Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of smoking in Aboriginal Canadians is higher than non-Aboriginal Canadians, a behavior that also tends to alter dietary patterns. Compared with the general Canadian population, maternal smoking rates are almost twice as high. The aim of this study was to compare dietary adequacy of Inuvialuit women of childbearing age comparing smokers versus non-smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study, where participants completed a culturally specific quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Non-parametric analysis was used to compare mean nutrient intake, dietary inadequacy and differences in nutrient density among smokers and non-smokers. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed for key nutrients inadequacy and smoking status. Data was collected from three communities in the Beaufort Delta region of the Northwest Territories, Canada from randomly selected Inuvialuit women of childbearing age (19-44 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 92 participants, 75% reported being smokers. There were no significant differences in age, BMI, marital status, education, number of people in household working and/or number of self employed, and physical activity between smokers and non-smokers. Non-parametric analysis showed no differences in nutrient intake between smokers and non-smokers. Logistic regression however revealed there was a positive association between smoking and inadequacies of vitamin C (OR = 2.91, 95% CI, 1.17-5.25), iron (OR = 3.16, 95% CI, 1.27-5.90), and zinc (OR = 2.78, 95% CI, 1.12-4.94). A high percentage of women (>60%), regardless of smoking status, did not meet the dietary recommendations for fiber, vitamin D, E and potassium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence of inadequate dietary intake among Inuvialuit of childbearing age regardless of smoking behavior.
authors: Aboriginal & Global Health Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 5-10 University Terrace, 8303 112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2T4, Canada.
authors: Fariba
authors: F
authors: Kolahdooz
authors: Nonsikelelo
authors: N
authors: Mathe
authors: Lalage A
authors: LA
authors: Katunga
authors: Lindsay
authors: L
authors: Beck
authors: Tony
authors: T
authors: Sheehy
authors: Andre
authors: A
authors: Corriveau
authors: Sangita
authors: S
authors: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002170:Canada; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004930:Inuit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D015873:Northwest Territories / Q000453:epidemiology; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E; D015032:Zinc; D001205:Ascorbic Acid