title: Frequent delay of coeliac disease diagnosis in symptomatic patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: clinical and genetic characteristics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are more prone to develop other auto-immune diseases, including coeliac disease (CD). Paediatric patients with T1DM are screened for CD, whereas in adult T1DM patients screening programs for CD are not standardised. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with both diagnoses so as to lead to better detection of CD in adult patients with T1DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 118 patients with both T1DM and CD identified in The Netherlands. We retrospectively collected data on sex distribution, age of onset of T1DM, age of CD diagnosis, CD complaints, duration of CD complaints before CD diagnosis, family history of CD or T1DM, comorbidity and HLA-DQ type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three percent of T1DM+CD patients reported CD related complaints for at least 5 years before CD diagnosis. Two peaks in the age of CD diagnosis in T1DM patients were observed: around 10 and 45 years of age. Women were diagnosed with CD at a younger age than men (median 25 years (IQR 9-38) versus 39 (12-55) years, respectively, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A delay of CD diagnosis is frequently found in adult T1DM patients and two peaks in the age of CD diagnosis are present in T1DM patients. This observational study emphasises that more frequent screening for CD in particularly adult T1DM patients is required, preferably by a 5 years interval.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Sjoerd F
authors: SF
authors: Bakker
authors: Maarten E
authors: ME
authors: Tushuizen
authors: Wilhelmina H
authors: WH
authors: Stokvis-Brantsma
authors: Henk J
authors: HJ
authors: Aanstoot
authors: Per
authors: P
authors: Winterdijk
authors: Petra A
authors: PA
authors: van Setten
authors: Boudewina M
authors: BM
authors: von Blomberg
authors: Chris J
authors: CJ
authors: Mulder
authors: Suat
authors: S
authors: Simsek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens