title: NMR HRMAS spectroscopy of lung biopsy samples: Comparison study between human, pig, rat, and mouse metabolomics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using the metabolomics by NMR high-resolution magic angle spinning spectroscopy, we assessed the lung metabolome of various animal species in order to identify the animal model that could be substituted to human lung in studies on fresh lung biopsies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiments were conducted on intact lung biopsy samples of pig, rat, mouse, and human using a Bruker Advance III 500 spectrometer. Thirty-five to 39 metabolites were identified and 23 metabolites were quantified. Principal component analysis, partial least-squares discriminant analysis, and analysis of variance tests were performed in order to compare the metabolic profiles of each animal lung biopsies to those of the human lung.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The metabolic composition between human and pig lung was similar. However, human lung was distinguishable from mouse and rat regarding: Trimethylamine N-oxide and betaïne which were present in rodents but not in human lung, carnitine, and glycerophosphocholine which were present in mouse but not in human lung. Conversely, succinic acid was undetected in rat lung. Furthermore, fatty acids concentration was significantly higher in rodent lungs compared to human lung.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the metabolomics by NMR high-resolution magic angle spinning spectroscopy on lung biopsy, samples allowed to highlight that pig lung seems to be close to human lung as regarding its metabolite composition with more similarities than dissimilarities.
authors: Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire d'Imagerie et de Neurosciences Cognitives (LINC), Institut de Physique Biologique, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS UMR7237, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Laboratoire de RMN et Biophysique des membranes, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS UMR7177, Strasbourg, France.
authors: Malika A
authors: MA
authors: Benahmed
authors: Karim
authors: K
authors: Elbayed
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Daubeuf
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Santelmo
authors: Nelly
authors: N
authors: Frossard
authors: Izzie J
authors: IJ
authors: Namer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice / Q000378:metabolism*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D051381:Rats / Q000378:metabolism*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: NMR HRMAS; lung; metabolomics