title: Functional complexity of the Leishmania granuloma and the potential of in silico modeling.
abstract: In human and canine visceral leishmaniasis and in various experimental models of this disease, host resistance is strongly linked to efficient granuloma development. However, it is unknown exactly how the granuloma microenvironment executes an effective antileishmanial response. Recent studies, including using advanced imaging techniques, have improved our understanding of granuloma biology at the cellular level, highlighting heterogeneity in granuloma development and function, and hinting at complex cellular, temporal, and spatial dynamics. In this mini-review, we discuss the factors involved in the formation and function of Leishmania donovani-induced hepatic granulomas, as well as their importance in protecting against inflammation-associated tissue damage and the generation of immunity to rechallenge. Finally, we discuss the role that computational, agent-based models may play in answering outstanding questions within the field.
authors: Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York York, UK.
authors: John W J
authors: JW
authors: Moore
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Moyo
authors: Lynette
authors: L
authors: Beattie
authors: Paul S
authors: PS
authors: Andrews
authors: Jon
authors: J
authors: Timmis
authors: Paul M
authors: PM
authors: Kaye
keywords: granuloma; imaging; in silico modeling; inflammation; leishmaniasis; visceral