title: How Safe is Eptifibatide during Urgent Carotid Artery Stenting?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors are occasionally utilized during carotid artery stenting (CAS) in the presence or absence of a visualized intra-operative thrombus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assess the hemorrhagic and clinical outcomes associated with the use of eptifibatide during CAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on patients with the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis underwent CAS in a single center. We identified those who received intravenous eptifibatide intra-operatively and compared to the rest of the cohort. Hemorrhagic outcomes included intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or groin hematoma that occurred during the hospital stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this analysis, 81 patients had CAS during a 3-year span; 16 of those had received 15 mg of intravenous eptifibatide intra-operatively. The mean age of the treated and untreated patients was similar (65.6 ± 13.4 versus 65.4 ± 10.2; P = 0.13). One patient (1.2%) in this series had ICH in the perioperative period that occurred in the non-eptifibatide group. Five patients (6.2%) in this series had groin hematoma; only one in the non-eptifibatide group required surgical repair. No mortality was reported and clinical outcomes including discharge modified Rankin scale, NIH stroke scale, as well as discharge destination were similar in both groups. A stratified analysis among those who underwent an urgent CAS showed no significant differences in the risks of hemorrhages or any clinical outcome (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of eptifibatide during CAS is safe. The risk of any hemorrhagic complication is rare in this series; however, a prospective study to validate this observation will be helpful.
authors: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Souers Stroke Institute, St. Louis University St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors: Hesham
authors: H
authors: Allam
authors: Nirav
authors: N
authors: Vora
authors: Randall C
authors: RC
authors: Edgell
authors: R Charles
authors: RC
authors: Callison
authors: Yasser
authors: Y
authors: Al Khalili
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Storkan
authors: Amer
authors: A
authors: Alshekhlee
keywords: carotid stenting; eptifibatide; interventional; intracerebral hemorrhage