title: Atypical presentation of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: is chronic inflammation a perpetrator?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report an atypical presentation of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 59-year-old man was investigated for productive cough of 1 month. An antimycobacterial combination regime was initiated with a misdiagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis. At follow-up, the patient reported worsening of his symptoms. CT revealed an increased intensity of the cartilage ring surrounding the trachea, and bronchoscopy showed tracheal stenosis with white, hard nodules on the airway submucosa. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of TO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case showed that TO should be considered in patients with cough not explained by noninvasive testing and not responsive to empiric medications.
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, PR China.
authors: Asmitananda
authors: A
authors: Thakur
authors: Tian
authors: T
authors: Yang
authors: Tianjun
authors: T
authors: Chen
authors: Netra
authors: N
authors: Rana
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Zhu
authors: Xiaohong
authors: X
authors: Wei
authors: Lan
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: Guanjun
authors: G
authors: Zhang
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: Mingwei
authors: M
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*