title: The influence of prophylactic antibiotic administration on post-operative morbidity in dental implant surgery. A prospective double blind randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prospective double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted to test the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on post-operative morbidity and osseointegration of dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five subjects scheduled for implant surgery were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to the antibiotic (test group) and placebo (control group). Twenty-seven patients (test group) received 3 g amoxicillin one hour pre-operatively, and 28 patients (control group) received placebo capsules 1 h pre-operatively. No post-operative antibiotics were prescribed. Pain diaries and interference with daily activities diaries were kept by the patients for 1 week post-operatively. Signs of post-operative morbidity (swelling, bruising, suppuration and wound dehiscence) were recorded by the principal investigators at day 2 and day 7 following the operation. Osseointegration was assessed at 2nd stage surgery or 3-4 months post-operatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study suggest that the use of prophylactic pre-operative antibiotics may result in higher dental implant survival rates (100% vs. 82%). Five implant failures, one in each of five patients, were reported in the placebo group and none in the antibiotic group (P = 0.0515). No significant differences were found for most of the signs of post-operative morbidity 2 and 7 days post-operatively. Only bruising at 2 days following the operation appeared to be higher in the placebo group (P = 0.0511). Post-operative pain (P = 0.01) and interference with daily activities (P = 0.01) appeared to be significantly lower for the antibiotic group after 7 days. Those patients with implant failure reported higher pain (based on the VAS scores) after 2 days (P = 0.003) and after 7 days (P = 0.0005), higher pain (based on the amount of analgesics used) after 7 days (P = 0.001) and higher interference with daily activities (based on the VAS scores) after 2 days (P = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of for dental implant surgery may be justified, as it appears to improve implant survival in the short term and also results in less post-operative pain and interference with daily activities. From the results of this study, it appears that prophylactic antibiotics may also be beneficial both in terms of implant survival, especially when the surgical procedure is prolonged due to its difficulty, high number of implants placed or operator's inexperience.
authors: Dublin Dental University Hospital, Retorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: Rory
authors: R
authors: Nolan
authors: Maher
authors: M
authors: Kemmoona
authors: Ioannis
authors: I
authors: Polyzois
authors: Noel
authors: N
authors: Claffey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010919:Placebos; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000517:prevention & control; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D000658:Amoxicillin
keywords: clinical research; clinical trials; patient centered outcomes; wound healing