title: A nested case control study of plasma ICAM-1, E-selectin and TNF receptor 2 levels, and incident primary open-angle glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prediagnostic markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory processes in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from 1989 to 1990 in the nurses' health study (women) and from 1993 to 1995 in the health professionals follow-up study (men), and medical-record confirmed incident poag cases were identified (women: 229 cases and 455 controls; men: 116 cases and 228 controls). Controls were matched on cohort, age, race, ethnicity, cancer status, and date of blood collection. Plasma concentrations of ICAM-1, E-selectin, and soluble TNF receptor 2 (sTNF-R2), a marker related to TNF-α, were measured with ELISA assays. Cohort-specific multivariable conditional logistic regression model results were meta-analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed no associations with ICAM-1 or E-selectin. for sTNF-R2, the mean (SD) plasma levels (pg/ml) in cases and controls were 2888 (997) and 2993 (913), respectively, in women; and 2622 (664) and 2569 (688), respectively, in men. pooled multivariable results showed no relation between sTNF-R2 levels and POAG. however, compared with the lowest tertile of sTNF-R2, the highest tertile showed a significant decreased risk of POAG in women (multivariable odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.360.93; P(trend) = 0.03) but not in men (P(trend) = 0.21; P for heterogeneity by sex = 0.03). also, among women, the inverse association with sTNF-R2 was stronger with normal-tension glaucoma (ntg; maximum intraocular pressure 21 mm Hg at diagnosis): highest versus lowest tertile comparison OR = 0.29 (95% CI = 0.12-0.71; Ptrend = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In women, but not in men, higher sTNF-R2 levels at 6 to 8 years before diagnosis were inversely associated with POAG, but more strongly for NTG.
authors: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. nhjhk@channing.harvard.edu
authors: Jae H
authors: JH
authors: Kang
authors: Janey L
authors: JL
authors: Wiggs
authors: Louis R
authors: LR
authors: Pasquale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1