title: Multiple myeloma macrophages: pivotal players in the tumor microenvironment.
abstract: Tumor microenvironment is essential for multiple myeloma (MM) growth, progression, and drug resistance through provision of survival signals and secretion of growth and proangiogenic factors. This paper examines the importance of macrophages within MM bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, referred to as MM-associated macrophages, as a potential niche component that supports tumor plasma cells. These macrophages are derived from peripheral blood monocytes recruited into the tumor. Upon activation by MM plasma cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, macrophages can release growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, cytokines, and inflammatory mediators that promote plasma cell growth and survival. Macrophages promote tumor progression through several mechanisms including angiogenesis, growth, and drug resistance. Indeed, these macrophages are essential for the induction of an angiogenic response through vasculogenic mimicry, and this ability proceeds in step with progression of the plasma cell tumors. Data suggest that macrophages play an important role in the biology and survival of patients with MM, and they may be a target for the MM antivascular management.
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "G. Baccelli," University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 1-70124 Bari, Italy.
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Berardi
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Ria
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Reale
authors: Annunziata
authors: A
authors: De Luisi
authors: Ivana
authors: I
authors: Catacchio
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Moschetta
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Vacca