title: Echinoderms from Azores islands: an unexpected source of antibiotic resistant Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli isolates.
abstract: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the implicated mechanisms of resistance were evaluated in Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli, isolated from a total of 250 faecal samples of echinoderms collected from Azorean waters (Portugal). A total of 144 enterococci (120 Enterococcus faecium, 14 E. hirae, 8 E. faecalis, 2 E. gallinarum) and 10 E. coli were recovered. High percentages of resistance in enterococci were found for erythromycin, ampicillin, tetracyclin and ciprofloxacin. The erm(A) or erm(B), tet(M) and/or tet(L), vat(D), aac(6')-aph(2″) and aph(3')-IIIa genes were found in isolates resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, quinupristin/dalfopristin, high-level gentamicin and high-level kanamycin, respectively. Resistance in E. coli isolates was detected for streptomycin, amikacin, tetracycline and tobramycin. The aadA gene was found in streptomycin-resistant isolates and tet(A)+tet(B) genes in tetracycline-resistant isolates. The data recovered are essential to improve knowledge about the dissemination of resistant strains through marine ecosystems and the possible implications involved in transferring these resistances either to other animals or to humans.
authors: Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors: Catarina
authors: C
authors: Marinho
authors: Nuno
authors: N
authors: Silva
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Pombo
authors: Tiago
authors: T
authors: Santos
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Monteiro
authors: Alexandre
authors: A
authors: Gonçalves
authors: Joana
authors: J
authors: Micael
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Ana Cristina
authors: AC
authors: Costa
authors: Gilberto
authors: G
authors: Igrejas
authors: Patrícia
authors: P
authors: Poeta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001394:Azores; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004447:Echinodermata / Q000382:microbiology*; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase