title: Suicide by self-administration of a drug mixture (propofol, midazolam, and zolpidem) in an anesthesiologist: the first case report in Italy.
abstract: The authors report an unusual case of suicide of an anesthesiologist, in which the suicide manner and means depend upon the victim's occupation. This is the first case report published in Italy of a death involving propofol and other drugs. The anesthesiologist was found dead with an empty drip still inserted in the hand and another one near his body. Forensic and toxicological findings suggested that the cause of death was a respiratory depression due to a self-administration of a rapidly infused lethal drug mixture. Analytical drug quantification was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Blood analysis revealed: zolpidem (0.86 μg/mL), propofol (0.30 μg/mL), midazolam (0.08 μg/mL), thiopental (0.03 μg/mL), and amitriptyline (0.07 μg/mL). Adipose tissue and hair analysis suggested a previous and repeated use of these drugs verifying the fact that in Italy recreational abuse of anesthetic and sedative agents in health care practitioners is becoming an increasing problem.
authors: Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors: Anna Pia
authors: AP
authors: Colucci
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Gagliano-Candela
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Aventaggiato
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: De Donno
authors: Sabrina
authors: S
authors: Leonardi
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Strisciullo
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Introna
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000032:analysis; D000776:Anesthesiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse; D015742:Propofol / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning; D011725:Pyridines / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning; D013405:Suicide; D013874:Thiopental / Q000032:analysis; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011725:Pyridines; D000639:Amitriptyline; D000077334:Zolpidem; D013874:Thiopental; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol