title: 4-hexylresorcinol exerts antitumor effects via suppression of calcium oscillation and its antitumor effects are inhibited by calcium channel blockers.
abstract: The bacterial dormancy-inducing factor 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) has been shown to have synergistic antitumor effects when used in combination with cisplatin. In the present study, 4-HR was used as a single agent in the squamous carcinoma cell line SCC-9. The results demonstrated that 4-HR suppressed SCC-9 cell proliferation compared to primary cultured gingival fibroblasts. 4-HR dose-dependently induced SCC-9 cell apoptosis as determined by caspase-3 activity, annexin V expression, as well as by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. 4-HR inhibited intracellular calcium oscillation in both SCC-9 cells and normal human dermal fibroblasts. 4-HR-induced apoptosis was partly reversed by calcium channel blockers. Of note, 4-HR reduced the tumor mass formed by SSC-9 cell implantation in BALB/cAnNCrj-nu/nu mice and mass size reduction was also partly reversed by the concomitant application of calcium channel blockers. Collectively, our results suggest that 4-HR has strong antitumor effects by inhibiting calcium channel oscillation and inducing apoptosis.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea. kimsg@gwnu.ac.kr
authors: Seong-Gon
authors: SG
authors: Kim
authors: Je-Yong
authors: JY
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006604:Hexylresorcinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D053148:Caspase 3; D006604:Hexylresorcinol