title: Degradation of sulfamethazine by gamma irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
abstract: The gamma irradiation-induced degradation of sulfamethazine (SMT) in aqueous solution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated. The initial SMT concentration was 20mg/L and it was irradiated in the presence of extra H2O2 with initial concentration of 0, 10 and 30 mg/L. The results showed that gamma irradiation was effective for removing SMT in aqueous solution and its degradation conformed to the pseudo first-order kinetics under the applied conditions. When initial H2O2 concentration was in the range of 0-30 mg/L, higher concentration of H2O2 was more effective for the decomposition and mineralization of SMT. However, the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) was not as effective as that of SMT. Total nitrogen (TN) was not removed even at absorbed dose of 5 kGy, which was highest dose applied in this study. Major decomposition products of SMT, including degradation intermediates, organic acids and some inorganic ions were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ion chromatography (IC). Sulfate (SO4(2-)), formic acid (HCOOH), acetic acid (CH3COOH), 4-aminophenol, 4-nitrophenol were identified in the irradiated solutions. Possible pathways for SMT decomposition by gamma irradiation in aqueous solution were proposed.
authors: Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
authors: Yuankun
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Jianlong
authors: J
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000627:Aminophenols / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002845:Chromatography; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005561:Formates / Q000737:chemistry; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000737:chemistry; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000627:Aminophenols; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005561:Formates; D009596:Nitrophenols; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C030544:formic acid; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D002244:Carbon; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019342:Acetic Acid; C026729:4-aminophenol; D010100:Oxygen; C024836:4-nitrophenol