title: Bidirectional influences between maternal parenting and children's peer problems: a longitudinal monozygotic twin difference study.
abstract: This twin study examined the bidirectional relationship between maternal parenting behaviors and children's peer problems that were not confounded by genetic and family environmental factors. Mothers of 259 monozygotic twin pairs reported parenting behaviors and peer problems when twins were 42 and 48 months. Path analyses on monozygotic twin difference scores revealed that authoritative parenting (the presence of consistent discipline and lack of harsh parenting) and peer problems simultaneously influenced each other. Authoritative parenting reduced peer problems, and peer problems increased authoritative parenting. Neither consistent discipline nor harsh parenting alone was associated with peer problems. These results suggest that maternal authoritative parenting works protectively in regard to children's peer problems, and peer problems can evoke such effective parenting.
authors: National Center for University Entrance Examinations, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Yamagata
authors: Center for the Promotion of Excellence in Higher Education, Kyoto University, Japan.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Takahashi
authors: Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Japan.
authors: Koken
authors: K
authors: Ozaki
authors: Department of Education, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Japan.
authors: Keiko K
authors: KK
authors: Fujisawa
authors: Department of Human and Environmental Well-Being, Wako University, Japan.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Nonaka
authors: Department of Education, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Japan.
authors: Juko
authors: J
authors: Ando
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010379:Peer Group; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic