title: Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for psychosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for psychosis (CBQp) was developed to capture 5 cognitive distortions (jumping to conclusions, intentionalising, catastrophising, emotional reasoning, and dichotomous thinking), which are considered important for the pathogenesis of psychosis. Vignettes were adapted from the Cognitive Style Test (CST),(1) relating to "Anomalous Perceptions" and "Threatening Events" themes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scale structure, reliability, and validity were investigated in a psychosis group, and CBQp scores were compared with those of depressed and healthy control samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CBQp showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The 5 biases were not independent, with a 2-related factor scale providing the best fit. This structure suggests that the CBQp assesses a general thinking bias rather than distinct cognitive errors, while Anomalous Perception and Threatening Events theme scores can be used separately. Total CBQp scores showed good convergent validity with the CST, but individual biases were not related to existing tasks purporting to assess similar reasoning biases. Psychotic and depressed populations scored higher than healthy controls, and symptomatic psychosis patients scored higher than their nonsymptomatic counterparts, with modest relationships between CBQp scores and symptom severity once emotional disorders were partialled out. Anomalous Perception theme and Intentionalising bias scores showed some specificity to psychosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the CBQp has good psychometric properties, although it is likely that it measures a different construct to existing tasks, tentatively suggested to represent a bias of interpretation rather than reasoning, judgment or decision-making processes. It is a potentially useful tool in both research and clinical arenas.
authors: *To whom correspondence should be addressed; De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; tel: +44 (0) 207 848 0347, fax: +44 (0) 207 848 5006, e-mail: emmanuelle.peters@kcl.ac.uk.
authors: Emmanuelle R
authors: ER
authors: Peters
authors: Steffen
authors: S
authors: Moritz
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Schwannauer
authors: Zoe
authors: Z
authors: Wiseman
authors: Kathryn E
authors: KE
authors: Greenwood
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Scott
authors: Aaron T
authors: AT
authors: Beck
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Donaldson
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Hagen
authors: Kerry
authors: K
authors: Ross
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Veckenstedt
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Ison
authors: Sally
authors: S
authors: Williams
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Kuipers
authors: Philippa A
authors: PA
authors: Garety
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards
keywords: cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis; delusions; hallucinations; schizophrenia; thinking errors