title: Differential effects of black currant anthocyanins on diffuser- or negative lens-induced ocular elongation in chicks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the inhibitory effects of 4 different types of black currant anthocyanins (BCAs) on ocular elongation in 2 different chick myopia models.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first model, diffusers were used to induce form vision deprivation. In the second model, negative (-8D) spherical lenses were used to create a defocused retinal image. Either the diffusers or the -8D lenses were placed on the right eyes of 8-day-old chicks for 4 days. Ocular biometric components were measured using an A-scan ultrasound instrument on the third day after application of either the diffusers or -8D lenses. Interocular differences (globe component dimensions of the right diffuser or eyes covered with -8D lenses minus those of the open left eyes) were considered to evaluate the effect of BCAs. The BCAs used were cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R), delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R), and delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G). Each anthocyanin was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.027 μmol/kg once a day for 3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the vehicle treatment, C3G and C3R treatments significantly reduced both differential increases (positive values of interocular differences) of the ocular axial length induced by diffusers or -8D lenses (diffusers; C3G, C3R, and control: 0.32±0.051 mm, P<0.05; 0.25±0.034 mm, P<0.01; and 0.52±0.047 mm, -8D lenses; C3G, C3R, and control: 0.25±0.049 mm, P<0.01; 0.17±0.049 mm, P<0.001; and 0.50±0.056 mm). In contrast, compared to vehicle treatment, D3R treatment significantly decreased the differential increases in the ocular axial length only in chicks with myopia induced by -8D lenses (D3R and control: 0.17±0.049 mm and 0.50±0.056 mm, P<0.001). D3G did not inhibit the differential increase in the ocular axial length induced by either diffusers or -8D lenses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the 4 tested BCAs had different effects on the 2 different experimental models of myopia.
authors: Food Science Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan. hiroyuki.iida.ba@meiji.com
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Iida
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Nakamura
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Kawahata
authors: Jinichiro
authors: J
authors: Koga
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Katsumi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002645:Chickens; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008027:Light; D009216:Myopia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D031965:Ribes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012683:Sensory Deprivation
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins