title: Immunomodulatory effect of prolactin on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) macrophage function.
abstract: The in vitro and in vivo effect of prolactin (PRL) on kidney macrophages from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated under the assumption that PRL stimulates immune innate response in mammals. Kidney macrophages were treated two ways: first, cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10, 25, 50 and 100 ng/mL of PRL and second, isolated from a fish with a PRL-injected dose of 100 ng/Kg. Reduced nitro blue tetrazolium (formazan) was used to produce intracellular superoxide anion. Phagocytic activity of PRL was determined in treated cells by optical microscopy observation of phagocytized Congo red-stained yeast. Kidney lysozyme activity was measured in PRL-injected fish. In vitro and in vivo macrophages treated with PRL presented an enhanced superoxide anion production, elevated phagocytic index and increased phagocytic activity. Treated fish showed higher levels of lysozyme activity in the head kidney compared to the control. These results indicate that PRL-stimulated innate immune response in Atlantic salmon and future studies will allow us to assess the possibility of using PRL as an immunostimulant in the Chilean salmon industry.
authors: Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile, mparedes@ufro.cl.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Paredes
authors: Katerina
authors: K
authors: Gonzalez
authors: Jaime
authors: J
authors: Figueroa
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Montiel-Eulefi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D003224:Congo Red; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005562:Formazans; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011388:Prolactin / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D005562:Formazans; C055223:nitroblue formazan; D003224:Congo Red; D011388:Prolactin; D009113:Muramidase