title: Identification of macrophage genes responsive to extracellular acidification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A low pH microenvironment is a characteristic feature of inflammation loci and affects the functions of immune cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of extracellular acidification on macrophage gene expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated in neutral (pH 7.4) or acidic (pH 6.8) medium for 4 h. Global mRNA expression levels were determined using Affymetrix genechips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA expressions of 353 macrophage genes were significantly modified after incubation in acidic medium; 193 were up-regulated and 160 down-regulated. Differentially regulated genes were grouped into 13 classes based on the functions of the corresponding protein products. Pathway analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes are enriched in pathways related to inflammation and immune responses. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that the expressions of CXCL10, CXCL14, IL-18, IL-4RA, ABCA1, CCL4, IL-7R, CXCR4, TLR7, and CCL3 mRNAs were regulated by extracellular acidification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study provide insights into the effects of acidic extracellular environments on macrophage gene expression.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Medical Institute of Dongguk University, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seung-Yoon
authors: SY
authors: Park
authors: In-San
authors: IS
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger