title: Interactive influences of ethnicity, endothelin-1 gene, and everyday discrimination upon nocturnal ambulatory blood pressure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Everyday discrimination scale scores are associated with increased ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and reduced nocturnal dipping, and the endothelin-1 (ET-1)/Lys198Asn polymorphism is associated with increased resting BP and exaggerated BP reactivity among African Americans compared to European Americans. Combined influences of these factors on BP control are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study tested the hypothesis of a three-way interaction between ethnicity, ET-1 carrier status, and everyday discrimination upon ambulatory BP and nocturnal dipping.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline laboratory anthropometrics and the everyday discrimination scale were completed by 352 (175 African American) young adult normotensives, followed by 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For nocturnal dipping, multiple regression models controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index revealed significant three-way ET-1 × everyday discrimination × ethnicity interactions. Specifically, among African American ET-1 T-allele carriers, increases in everyday discrimination led to reduced nocturnal dipping.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African Americans that carry the ET-1/Lys198Asn T-allele and report higher everyday discrimination scores may be at particular risk for reduced nocturnal dipping.
authors: College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, 99 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 160, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. gregoski@musc.edu
authors: Mathew J
authors: MJ
authors: Gregoski
authors: Sarah G
authors: SG
authors: Buxbaum
authors: Gaston
authors: G
authors: Kapuku
authors: Yanbin
authors: Y
authors: Dong
authors: Haidong
authors: H
authors: Zhu
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Davis
authors: Kelsey
authors: K
authors: Gonto
authors: Frank A
authors: FA
authors: Treiber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics*; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1