title: Cats differ from other species in their cytokine and antioxidant enzyme response when developing obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obese cats show many similarities to obese people, including insulin resistance and an increased diabetes risk. However, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are not seen in cats. In people, they are associated with the development of an inflammatory response, which, we hypothesized, does not occur in cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty neutered cats of equal gender distribution were allowed to gain weight by offering food ad libitum and were examined before and at 10, 30, 60, and 100% weight gain. All cats reached 60% of weight gain, 12 cats gained 100% in 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fat was equally distributed between subcutaneous and visceral depots. Insulin-independent glucose uptake increased and insulin sensitivity decreased with increasing adiposity. However, baseline glucose concentrations were unchanged suggesting a decrease in EGP. Inflammatory cytokines (Il-1, IL-6, TNFa) and catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase did not change. Insulin, proinsulin, and leptin were positively and adiponectin negatively correlated with adiposity. Heat production increased with obesity, but became less when body weight gain was > 60%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This indicates that metabolism adapts more appropriately to the higher intake of calories in the initial phase of obesity but slows at higher body fat content. This likely contributes to the difficulty to lose weight.
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
authors: Margarethe
authors: M
authors: Hoenig
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Pach
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Thomaseth
authors: Anh
authors: A
authors: Le
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Schaeffer
authors: Duncan C
authors: DC
authors: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D002415:Cats; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000662:veterinary; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D022722:Thermogenesis; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase