title: Metabolic syndrome, circulating RBP4, testosterone, and SHBG predict weight regain at 6 months after weight loss in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Weight loss helps reduce the symptoms of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the obese, but weight regain after active weight loss is common. The changes and predictive role of circulating adipokines and sex hormones for weight regain in men during dietary intervention, and also the effect of basal MetS status on weight regain, were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four men who continued to lose weight (WL) and 24 men who regained weight (WR) during the 6-month follow-up period after weight loss were selected from the Diogenes Study. Their circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), luteinizing hormone, prolactin, progesterone, total and free testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured at baseline, after 8-week low-calorie diet-induced active weight loss, and after a subsequent 26-week ad libitum weight maintenance diet, and analyzed together with anthropometrical and physiological parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overweight and obese men with MetS at baseline had higher risk to regain weight (odds ratio = 2.8, P = 0.015). High baseline RBP4, low total testosterone, and low SHBG are predictors of weight loss regain (different between WR and WL with P = 0.001, 0.038, and 0.044, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These variables may play roles in the link between MetS and weight loss regain.
authors: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Wang
authors: Paul P C A
authors: PP
authors: Menheere
authors: Arne
authors: A
authors: Astrup
authors: Malene R
authors: MR
authors: Andersen
authors: Marleen A
authors: MA
authors: van Baak
authors: Thomas M
authors: TM
authors: Larsen
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Jebb
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Kafatos
authors: Andreas F H
authors: AF
authors: Pfeiffer
authors: J Alfredo
authors: JA
authors: Martinez
authors: Teodora
authors: T
authors: Handjieva-Darlenska
authors: Petr
authors: P
authors: Hlavaty
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Viguerie
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Langin
authors: Wim H M
authors: WH
authors: Saris
authors: Edwin C M
authors: EC
authors: Mariman
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone