title: Perinatal xenohormone exposure impacts sweet preference and submandibular development in male rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of perinatal exposure to low doses of genistein and/or vinclozolin on submandibular salivary gland (SSG) development in juvenile and adult male rats and to establish a link with sweet preference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female rats received orally (1 mg kg(-1) body weight/day) genistein and vinclozolin, alone or in combination, from the first gestational day up to weaning. Sweet preference was assessed at weaning and in adulthood in male offspring; submandibular glands were then collected to study the morphogenesis and mRNA expression of steroid receptors, growth factors and taste related proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to genistein and/or vinclozolin resulted in a higher saccharin intake on postnatal day 25 (P < 0.05) linked to a higher number of pro-acinar cells (P < 0.01) and mRNA expression of progesterone receptor, growth factors and gustine (P < 0.01). These increases disappeared in adulthood, but mRNA expressions of sex hormone receptors and growth factors were strongly repressed in all treated groups (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm that the SSG are target for xenohormones and provide evidence that perinatal exposure to low doses of genistein and/or vinclozolin could simultaneously disrupt not only the salivary gland prepubertal development and sweet intake but also endocrine gene mRNA expression later in life.
authors: Research Unit n° 01/UR/08-07, Faculty of Medicine Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia; UMR 1324 CSGA, INRA, Dijon, France; UMR 6265 CSGA, CNRS, Dijon, France; CSGA, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Kouidhi
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Bergès
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tiffon
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Desmetz
authors: M
authors: M
authors: El May
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Auger
authors: Mc
authors: M
authors: Canivenc-Lavier
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000187:drug effects*; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012439:Saccharin; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D010080:Oxazoles; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D019833:Genistein; D012439:Saccharin; C025643:vinclozolin
keywords: endocrine disruptor mixture; growth factor; phytoestrogen; salivary glands