title: Epstein-Barr virus Zta upregulates matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 that synergistically promote cell invasion in vitro.
abstract: Zta is a lytic transactivator of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and has been shown to promote migration and invasion of epithelial cells. Although previous studies indicate that Zta induces expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and MMP1, direct evidence linking the MMPs to Zta-induced cell migration and invasion is still lacking. Here we performed a series of in vitro studies to re-examine the expression profile and biologic functions of Zta-induced MMPs in epithelial cells derived from nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We found that, in addition to MMP9, MMP3 was a new target gene upregulated by Zta. Ectopic Zta expression in EBV-negative cells increased both mRNA and protein production of MMP3. Endogenous Zta also contributed to induction of MMP3 expression, migration and invasion of EBV-infected cells. Zta activated the MMP3 promoter through three AP-1 elements, and its DNA-binding domain was required for the promoter binding and MMP3 induction. We further tested the effects of MMP3 and MMP9 on cell motility and invasiveness in vitro. Zta-promoted cell migration required MMP3 but not MMP9. On the other hand, both MMP3 and MMP9 were essential for Zta-induced cell invasion, and co-expression of the two MMPs synergistically increased cell invasiveness. Therefore, this study provides integrated evidence demonstrating that, at least in the in vitro cell models, Zta drives cell migration and invasion through MMPs.
authors: National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors: Yu-Yan
authors: YY
authors: Lan
authors: Tzu-Hao
authors: TH
authors: Yeh
authors: Wei-Hung
authors: WH
authors: Lin
authors: Shih-Yi
authors: SY
authors: Wu
authors: Hsiao-Ching
authors: HC
authors: Lai
authors: Fang-Hsin
authors: FH
authors: Chang
authors: Kenzo
authors: K
authors: Takada
authors: Yao
authors: Y
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics*; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C063676:BZLF1 protein, Herpesvirus 4, Human; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9