title: Effects of plum extract on skeletal system of fetal and newborn mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of Prunus domestica L. extracts on fetuses and neonatal skeletal systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 pregnant mice (Mus musculus) received vehicle and plum hydroalcoholic extract at gestational days 1-18 and during the entire gestational period as well as 10 days postpartum, respectively. A total of 30 nonpregnant mice were fed plum hydroalcoholic extract and plum juice extract for 30 days. Bone calcium content and serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase were measured. The skeletal systems of their fetuses and neonates were stained with Alcian blue and alizarin red S and the length of femur, tibia, and their ossification center were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Crown-rump length of the newborn mice from mothers treated with plum extract (4.61 ± 0.25 mm) was higher compared to the control group (4.48 ± 0.31 mm, p = 0.001), and the femur osteogenesis index of newborn mice from mothers treated with plum extract was also higher (0.87 ± 0.09) compared to the control group (0.81 ± 0.06, p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings showed that pregnant mice treated with plum extract had fetuses and newborn mice with higher osteogenesis index than those of the controls.
authors: Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. monsefi@susc.ac.ir
authors: Malihezaman
authors: M
authors: Monsefi
authors: Fatemeh
authors: F
authors: Parvin
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Farzaneh
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry; D005333:Fetus; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D027861:Prunus; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D010758:Phosphorus; D002784:Cholesterol; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium