title: Comparative study of respiratory tract immune toxicity induced by three sterilisation nanoparticles: silver, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
abstract: Silver, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used as sterilisation materials to enhance the performance of disinfectants. We investigated the respiratory tract immune toxicity ("immunotoxicity") of these nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, and we explored the relationships between particle size, particle shape, chemical composition, chemical stability and the toxicological effects of these typical nanoparticles in rats. In vivo, the rats were exposed to nanoparticles by intratracheal instillation. Exposure to nanoparticles caused an increase in oxidative injury to the lungs and disorders in regulating the cytokine network, which were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, suggesting that oxidative stress might be important for inducing the respiratory immunotoxicity of nanoparticles. In vitro, the phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages (AMs) was dose-dependently reduced by nanoparticles, and ZnO nanoparticles induced greater cytotoxicity than the silver and titanium-dioxide nanoparticles, which were coincident with the results of multiple measurements, such as a cell viability assay by WST-8 and LDH measurements. Comparative analyses demonstrated that particle composition and chemical stability most likely had a primary role in the biological effects of different nanoparticles.
authors: Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China. tjliuhuanliang@126.com
authors: Huanliang
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Danfeng
authors: D
authors: Yang
authors: Honglian
authors: H
authors: Yang
authors: Huashan
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Yanjun
authors: Y
authors: Fang
authors: Zhiqing
authors: Z
authors: Lin
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Tian
authors: Bencheng
authors: B
authors: Lin
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Yan
authors: Zhuge
authors: Z
authors: Xi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012137:Respiratory System; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*; D013242:Sterilization; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: C476329:2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium monosodium salt; D016207:Cytokines; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C009495:titanium dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012834:Silver; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014025:Titanium; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D015034:Zinc Oxide