title: Reproduction of motion artifacts for performance analysis of prospective motion correction in MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite numerous publications describing the ability of prospective motion correction to improve image quality in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, a reliable approach to assess this improvement is still missing. A method that accurately reproduces motion artifacts correctable with prospective motion correction is developed, and enables the quantification of the improvements achieved.
  
  
  METHODS
  A software interface was developed to simulate rigid body motion by changing the scanning coordinate system relative to the object. Thus, tracking data recorded during a patient scan can be used to reproduce the prevented motion artifacts on a volunteer or a phantom. The influence of physiological motion on image quality was investigated by filtering these data. Finally, the method was used to reproduce and quantify the motion artifacts prevented in a patient scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The accuracy of the method was tested in phantom experiments and in vivo. The calculated quality factor, as well as a visual inspection of the reproduced artifacts shows a good correspondence to the original.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Precise reproduction of motion artifacts assists qualification of prospective motion correction strategies. The presented method provides an important tool to investigate the effects of rigid body motion on a wide range of sequences, and to quantify the improvement in image quality through prospective motion correction.
authors: Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Herbst
authors: Julian
authors: J
authors: Maclaren
authors: Cris
authors: C
authors: Lovell-Smith
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Sostheim
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Egger
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Harloff
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Korvink
authors: Juergen
authors: J
authors: Hennig
authors: Maxim
authors: M
authors: Zaitsev
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009038:Motion; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: motion artifact; motion tracking; prospective motion correction; real-time