title: Reference values for forced expiration parameters in Bulgarian children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A diagnosis of lung function impairment in childhood is highly dependent on the respective reference values. Population differences in the pulmonary function of children have been frequently reported. The AIM of this study was to derive normal spirometric reference values for Bulgarian children and adolescents and to compare these results with other data set including our own reference equations developed 20 years ago.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and parameters of maximum expiratory flow-volume curves were measured in 671 healthy Bulgarian school children (339 males and 332 females) aged 7-18 years. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed for each spirometric parameter against age, height, weight, chest circumferences and fat free mass in both sexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Excluding ratios, all measured spirometric parameters increased nonlinearly with age and height, and were significantly higher in boys than girls in adolescence. Height (H) explained the maximum variance for spirometric parameters and the best-fit regression equation relating functional parameters and body height was a power function (Y = a.Hb). FVC and FEV1 showed close correlations with height (r2 between 0.85 and 0.92), whereas the coefficients of determination for the flows were less close (r2 from 0.85 for PEF to 0.67 for MEF25%; always higher in boys).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The developed prediction equations can be used in clinical practice. In comparison with reference equations based on European or USA populations, regional reference values are biologically more suitable for the interpretation of spirometric data.
authors: Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. smandadzhieva@pathophysiology.info
authors: Stoilka K
authors: SK
authors: Mandadzhieva
authors: Blagoi I
authors: BI
authors: Marinov
authors: Stefan S
authors: SS
authors: Kostianev
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002031:Bulgaria; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005540:Forced Expiratory Flow Rates / Q000502:physiology*; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods