title: [Construction of digital three-dimensional models of renal stones and virtual surgery simulation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To construct three-dimensional (3D) models of renal stones and perform percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) virtual surgery simulation. Methods CT images were obtained from 8 patients with renal stones. Images segmentation and reconstruction were performed using MIMICS 10.0 software to construct the 3D model of the renal stones, which provided the anatomical relationships between the kidney and the adjacent organs. The optimal PCNL virtual surgery simulation for each individual case was performed using FreeForm Modeling System on the basis of the 3D model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight 3D models of renal stone were constructed. The 3D model of the renal stones represented the interrelationships of the stones, intrarenal vessel, and the collecting system with the adjacent anatomical structures. Individualized PCNL virtual surgery simulations including percutaneous puncture, dilatation and pneumatic lithotripsy were performed successfully in all the 8  3D models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Digital 3D model of renal stone provides the reliable and comprehensive imaging information for surgical design, and PCNL virtual surgery simulation has important clinical significance to improve the stone clearance rate and reduce the surgical complications.
authors: Department of Urology Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. cybchen@hotmail.com
authors: Yuanbo
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Hulin
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Chunxiao
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Xu
authors: Yangyan
authors: Y
authors: Lin
authors: Susu
authors: S
authors: Bao
authors: Fengping
authors: F
authors: Peng
authors: Jiahui
authors: J
authors: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods; D012984:Software; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface