title: Gene expression profiling in breast cancer: a clinical perspective.
abstract: Gene expression profiling tests are used in an attempt to determine the right treatment for the right person with early-stage breast cancer that may have spread to nearby lymph nodes but not to distant parts of the body. These new diagnostic approaches are designed to spare people who do not need additional treatment (adjuvant therapy) the side effects of unnecessary treatment, and allow people who may benefit from adjuvant therapy to receive it. In the present review we discuss in detail the major diagnostic tests available such as MammaPrint dx, Oncotype dx, PAM50, Mammostrat, IHC4, MapQuant DX, Theros-Breast Cancer Gene Expression Ratio Assay, and their potential clinical applications.
authors: Dipartimento di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Molecolare e Clinica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy. Electronic address: grazia.arpino@unina.it.
authors: Grazia
authors: G
authors: Arpino
authors: Unità Operativa Multidisciplanare di Patologia Mammaria/Breast Unit, Dipartmento di Chirurgia, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Italy.
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Generali
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Sapino
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Del Matro
authors: Department of Oncology, Hematology and Respiratory Diseases, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Frassoldati
authors: Dipartimento di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Molecolare e Clinica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
authors: Michelino
authors: M
authors: de Laurentis
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Pronzato
authors: Centro Oncologico, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors: Giorgio
authors: G
authors: Mustacchi
authors: Medical Oncology Unit, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Cazzaniga
authors: Dipartimento di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Molecolare e Clinica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
authors: Sabino
authors: S
authors: De Placido
authors: Department of Oncology, Hematology and Respiratory Diseases, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy.
authors: Pierfranco
authors: P
authors: Conte
authors: Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplanare di Patologia Mammaria/Breast Unit, Dipartmento di Chirurgia, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Italy.
authors: Mariarosa
authors: M
authors: Cappelletti
authors: Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplanare di Patologia Mammaria/Breast Unit, Dipartmento di Chirurgia, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Italy.
authors: Vanessa
authors: V
authors: Zanoni
authors: Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplanare di Patologia Mammaria/Breast Unit, Dipartmento di Chirurgia, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Antonelli
authors: Unità Operativa Multidisciplanare di Patologia Mammaria/Breast Unit, Dipartmento di Chirurgia, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Italy.
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Martinotti
authors: Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy.
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Puglisi
authors: Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, TORINO, Italy.
authors: Alfredo
authors: A
authors: Berruti
authors: Unità Operativa Multidisciplanare di Patologia Mammaria/Breast Unit, Dipartmento di Chirurgia, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Italy.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Bottini
authors: Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, TORINO, Italy.
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Dogliotti
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000145:classification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor