title: Association between use of contraband tobacco and smoking cessation outcomes: a population-based cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High tobacco prices, typically achieved through taxation, are an evidence-based strategy to reduce tobacco use. However, the presence of inexpensive contraband tobacco could undermine this effective intervention by providing an accessible alternative to quitting. We assessed whether the use of contraband tobacco negatively affects smoking cessation outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated data from 2786 people who smoked, aged 18 years or older, who participated in the population-based longitudinal Ontario Tobacco Survey. We analyzed associations between use of contraband tobacco and smoking cessation outcomes (attempting to quit, 30-d cessation and long-term cessation at 1 yr follow-up).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with people who smoked premium or discount cigarettes, people who reported usually smoking contraband cigarettes at baseline were heavier smokers, perceived greater addiction, identified more barriers to quitting and were more likely to have used pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. People who smoked contraband cigarettes were less likely to report a period of 30-day cessation during the subsequent 6 months (adjusted relative risk [RR] 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09-0.61) and 1 year (adjusted RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14-0.61), but they did not differ significantly from other people who smoked regarding attempts to quit (at 6 mo, adjusted RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.43-1.20) or long-term cessation (adjusted RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.04-1.34).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking contraband cigarettes was negatively associated with short-term smoking cessation. Access to contraband tobacco may therefore undermine public health efforts to reduce the use of tobacco at the population level.
authors: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Toronto, Ont., Canada. graham.mecredy@camh.ca
authors: Graham C
authors: GC
authors: Mecredy
authors: Lori M
authors: LM
authors: Diemert
authors: Russell C
authors: RC
authors: Callaghan
authors: Joanna E
authors: JE
authors: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013660:Taxes / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000191:economics* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult