title: Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of isoprenylated coumarin mammea A/AA isolated from Mammea africana.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The stem bark of Mammea africana is widely distributed in tropical Africa and commonly used in traditional medicine. This study aims to identify the active compound in Mammea africana and to evaluate its antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methanol extract from the bark of the Mammea africana was separated by liquid-liquid extraction, followed by open column chromatography. A principal antimicrobial compound was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its structure was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). The antibacterial activity of the purified compound was determined using the broth microdilution method against 7 common pathogenic bacteria. The compound was also evaluated for cytotoxicity by cell proliferation assay (MTS) using the mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3 and the non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The purified active compound was determined to be mammea A/AA and was found to be highly active against Campylobacter jejuni (MIC=0.5 μg/ml), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC=0.25 μg/ml), and Clostridium difficile (MIC=0.25 μg/ml). The compound exhibited significant antiproliferative activities against both NIH 3T3 and A549 cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mammea A/AA isolated from Mammea africana exerts specific inhibitory activity against Campylobacter jejuni, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Campylobacter difficile. Mammea A/AA was also found to exhibit significant cytotoxicity against both cancer and normal cell lines.
authors: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
authors: Corene
authors: C
authors: Canning
authors: Shi
authors: S
authors: Sun
authors: Xiangming
authors: X
authors: Ji
authors: Smiti
authors: S
authors: Gupta
authors: Kequan
authors: K
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D031252:Mammea / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D018547:Plant Stems; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D003374:Coumarins; D012997:Solvents; C583939:mammea A-AA; D000432:Methanol