title: Potential biological fate of emulsion-based delivery systems: lipid particles nanolaminated with lactoferrin and β-lactoglobulin coatings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop lipid particles coated by nanolaminated protein coatings as potential oral delivery systems to encapsulate, protect, and deliver lipophilic bioactives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nanolaminated protein coatings were formed by sequential electrostatic deposition of cationic lactoferrin (LF) and anionic β-lactoglobulin (BLG) at pH 6.5: LF, LF-BLG, LF-BLG-LF, and LF-BLG-LF-BLG. Changes in physicochemical properties were characterized after exposure to environmental stresses (pH 2 to 9; 0 to 200 mM NaCl) and simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions (mouth, stomach, small intestine). Triglyceride digestion and β-carotene bioaccessibility were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pH and salt dependence of the electrical charge and aggregation stability of the emulsions were strongly influence by the structure of the interfacial coatings. All emulsions behaved similarly under simulated GIT conditions: extensive droplet aggregation occurred in the stomach and small intestine; triglycerides were rapidly and fully digested after exposure to intestinal fluids; the bioaccessibility of β-carotene was low (< 4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nanolaminated protein coatings may be useful for stabilizing encapsulated lipids in functional food and pharmaceutical products during storage, but releasing them after ingestion. Protein coatings had little impact on triglyceride digestion, but they greatly reduced β-carotene bioaccessibility, possibly due to binding to lactoferrin.
authors: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.
authors: Tanushree
authors: T
authors: Tokle
authors: Yingyi
authors: Y
authors: Mao
authors: David Julian
authors: DJ
authors: McClements
mesh_terms: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008066:Lipolysis
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D007782:Lactoglobulins; D008055:Lipids; D007781:Lactoferrin