title: LeMAPK4 participated in cold-induced ethylene production in tomato fruit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, EC 2.7.11.24) cascade from several plant species has been shown to be activated during response to abiotic stress. Ethylene plays an important role in fruit tolerance to environmental stress. However, the mechanisms by which MAPK regulates defence systems in fruit and the relationship between MAPK and ethylene remain to be determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAPK inhibitor significantly decreased the chilling tolerance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Lichun) fruit during cold storage. Moreover, decreases in ethylene content, LeACS2 expression and activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS, EC 4.4.1.14) and ACC oxidase (ACO, EC 1.14.17.4) due to MAPK inhibitor occurred within 24 h after cold treatment. Upon treatment with cold and ethephon, the ethylene content, activities of ACS and ACO and expression of LeACS2, LeACO1 and LeMAPK4 increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed the regulation of MAPK in ethylene biosynthesis to protect tomato fruit from cold stress. In addition, the participation of LeMAPK4 in cold-induced ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruit was indicated.
authors: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China.
authors: Ruirui
authors: R
authors: Zhao
authors: Handing
authors: H
authors: Xie
authors: Shengnan
authors: S
authors: Lv
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Zheng
authors: Mengmeng
authors: M
authors: Yu
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Shen
authors: Jiping
authors: J
authors: Sheng
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002681:China; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005519:Food Preservation; D061353:Food Storage; D005638:Fruit / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008190:Lyases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012034:Refrigeration; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D005030:Ethylenes; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009570:Nitriles; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C113580:U 0126; C036216:ethylene; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C059460:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D008190:Lyases; C021773:1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase; C005073:ethephon