title: An in vitro study of silver and fluoride ions on remineralization of demineralized enamel and dentine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of silver fluoride, silver nitrate and potassium fluoride on remineralization of demineralized enamel and dentine in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty premolars were cut into cuboidal blocks. Acid-resistant varnish was painted onto each block to cover all surfaces, except two windows, one in enamel and one in dentine. The tooth blocks were placed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours. They were then randomly divided into four groups of 10 blocks each and immersed in solutions of AgF, AgNO(3), KF or water for 3 minutes. Afterwards, they were immersed in a remineralizing solution for 108 hours. Micro CT scanning was conducted before and after remineralization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in linear attentuation coefficient (LAC) for the enamel lesions after remineralization was 1.08/cm, 0.95/cm, 0.86/cm and 0.60/cm in the AgF, AgNO(3), KF and control groups, respectively (ANOVA, p < 0.001; AgF, AgNO(3), KF > control; AgF > KF). The increase in LAC for the dentine lesions was 1.01/cm, 0.92/cm, 0.88/cm and 0.53/cm, respectively (ANOVA, p < 0.001; AgF, AgNO(3), KF > control).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical application of silver or fluoride ions can increase the mineral density of demineralized enamel and dentine lesions during remineralization. The synergistic effect of silver and fluoride ions is relatively small.
authors: Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Q H
authors: QH
authors: Zhi
authors: E C M
authors: EC
authors: Lo
authors: A C Y
authors: AC
authors: Kwok
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D001641:Bicuspid; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D017680:Potassium Compounds; D018030:Silver Compounds; C105022:silver fluoride; C033320:potassium fluoride; D012835:Silver Nitrate; D005459:Fluorides