title: The effects of an acute dose of Rhodiola rosea on endurance exercise performance.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an acute oral dose of 3 mg·kg(-1) of Rhodiola rosea on endurance exercise performance, perceived exertion, mood, and cognitive function. Subjects (n = 18) ingested either R. rosea or a carbohydrate placebo 1 hour before testing in a double-blind, random crossover manner. Exercise testing consisted of a standardized 10-minute warm-up followed by a 6-mile time trial (TT) on a bicycle ergometer. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured every 5 minutes during the TT using a 10-point Borg scale. Blood lactate concentration, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha amylase were measured before warm-up, 2 minutes after warm-up, and 2 minutes after TT (n = 15). A Profile of Mood States questionnaire and a Stroop Color Test were completed before warm-up and after TT. Testing was repeated 2-7 days later with the other condition. Rhodiola rosea ingestion significantly decreased heart rate during the standardized warm-up (R. rosea = 136 ± 17 b·min(-1); placebo = 140 ± 17 b·min(-1); mean ± SD; p = 0.001). Subjects completed the TT significantly faster after R. rosea ingestion (R. rosea = 25.4 ± 2.7 minutes; placebo = 25.8 ± 3.0 minutes; p = 0.037). The mean RPE was lower in the R. rosea trial (R. rosea = 6.0 ± 0.9; placebo = 6.6 ± 1.0; p = 0.04). This difference was even more pronounced when a ratio of the RPE relative to the workload was calculated (R. rosea = 0.048 ± 0.01; placebo = 0.057 ± 0.02; p = 0.007). No other statistically significant differences were observed. Acute R. rosea ingestion decreases heart rate response to submaximal exercise and appears to improve endurance exercise performance by decreasing the perception of effort.
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA. enoreen@gettysburg.edu
authors: Eric E
authors: EE
authors: Noreen
authors: James G
authors: JG
authors: Buckley
authors: Stephanie L
authors: SL
authors: Lewis
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Brandauer
authors: Kristin J
authors: KJ
authors: Stuempfle
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D029771:Rhodiola; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D006854:Hydrocortisone