title: Inhibitions on the behavior and growth of the nematode progeny after prenatal exposure to sulfonamides at micromolar concentrations.
abstract: Sulfonamides are one typical antibiotic which is an emerging hazardous material to the ecological stability due to their continuously application and biological effects to non-target organisms. The parent-progeny transgenerational effects need investigations to indicate their long-term consequences. Currently, we tested the transgenerational effects of sulfadiazine (SD), sulfapyridine (SP) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) on L3 larva of Caenorhabditis elegans. The nematodes were exposed to aqueous sulfonamides at micromolar concentrations for 96 h, and then the effects on the behavior and growth in the exposed parent and unexposed progeny were measured. Results showed that SD, SP and SMZ inhibited three behavior indicators including body bending frequency (BBF), reversal movement (RM) and Omega turn (OT), and the growth indicator (body length, BL). Behavior indicators showed higher sensitivities than the growth indicator, and BBF had the highest sensitivity among the behavior indicators. Moreover, the effects of sulfonamides were also observed in the unexposed progeny with partially rescued or more severe inhibitions on the indicators. The behavior also showed higher sensitivity than the growth in the progeny. The transgenerational effects of sulfonamides indicated that parental exposure can multiply the harmful effects of antibiotic pollution in following generations and their potential ecological risks at environmental concentrations were further raised.
authors: Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
authors: ZhenYang
authors: Z
authors: Yu
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: XiaoXue
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: DaQiang
authors: D
authors: Yin
authors: HuiPing
authors: H
authors: Deng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D007700:Kinetics; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000737:chemistry; D013427:Sulfapyridine / Q000737:chemistry; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D013427:Sulfapyridine