title: The potential of DBP gels containing intervertebral disc cells for annulus fibrosus supplementation: in vivo.
abstract: Demineralized bone particle (DBP), which is widely used as a biomaterial in the field of tissue engineering, contains various bioactive molecules, such as cytokines. For this reason, in this study we investigated the effects of injectable DBP gels on cell proliferation, inflammation and maintenance of the shape of DBP gels as a scaffold able to substitute for intervertebral discs (IVDs) in vivo. DBP gels were fabricated with different percentages (5% and 10%) of DBP powder and 3% acetic acid, including 0.02% pepsin. DBP gels with 1 × 10(6) annulus fibrosus (AF) cells were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous region of BALB/C-nu mice for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The effect of DBP gels on the inflammatory response was analysed by measuring the amount of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) released. Also, histological methods were carried out to analyse the response of DBP gels in vivo. This study demonstrated that injectable DBP gels are able to provide physical scaffolds for growing IVD cells in vivo.
authors: Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Fusion Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors: Jeong Eun
authors: JE
authors: Song
authors: Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Fusion Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors: Eun Young
authors: EY
authors: Kim
authors: Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Fusion Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors: Woo Young
authors: WY
authors: Ahn
authors: Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Fusion Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors: Yu Jeong
authors: YJ
authors: Lee
authors: Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Fusion Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors: Dongwon
authors: D
authors: Lee
authors: 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimaraes, Portugal.
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Reis
authors: Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Polymer Fusion Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors: Gilson
authors: G
authors: Khang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry; D007249:Inflammation; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000378:metabolism*; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011817:Rabbits; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016207:Cytokines; D005782:Gels; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003094:Collagen
keywords: DBP; IVD regeneration; in vivo; injectable gels