title: Phenolic composition analysis and gene expression in developing seeds of yellow- and black-seeded Brassica napus.
abstract: Breeders have focused on yellow-seeded Brassica napus (rapeseed) for its better quality compared with the black-seeded variety. Moreover, flavonoids have been associated with this kind of rapeseed. In this study, we applied lipid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS(n)) to compare flavonoids in developing seeds of natural black-seeded B. napus and yellow-seeded introgression lines selected from progenies of B. napus-Sinapis alba somatic hybrids. Aside from the most abundant phenolic compounds (sinapine and sinapic acid) and 1, 2-disinapoylglucose, 16 different flavonoids were identified and quantified, including (-)-epicatechin, five monocharged oligomers of (-)-epicatechin ([DP 2](-), [DP 3](-), [DP 4] [DP 2](-) B2 and [DP 2](-) B5), quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin-dihexoside, kaempferol-sinapoyl-trihexoside, isorhamnetin-sinapoyl-trihexoside, isorhamnetin-hexoside-sulfate, and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside. Most of the flavonoids accumulated with seed development, whereas some rapidly decreased during maturation. The content of these flavonoids were lower in the yellow-seeded materials than in the black seeds. In addition, variations of insoluble procyanidin oligomers and soluble phenolic acids were observed among both rapeseed varieties. Transcriptome changes of genes participating in the flavonoid pathway were discovered by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Consistent with flavonoid changes identified by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, the expression of most genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was also downregulated.
authors: Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
authors: Jinjin
authors: J
authors: Jiang
authors: Yanlin
authors: Y
authors: Shao
authors: Aimin
authors: A
authors: Li
authors: Chunliang
authors: C
authors: Lu
authors: Yongtai
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Youping
authors: Y
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D029688:Brassica napus / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000378:metabolism*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D010940:Plant Proteins