title: Risk stratification and consecutive prognosis progresses in childhood Wilms tumors. Two cases report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Even if Wilms' tumour is the commonest primary malignant neoplasia in children, it maintained a continuous interest due to actual therapeutic successes contrasting with the customary delayed diagnosis, malignancy and specific risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two recent illustrative cases from our clinic are presented. The first one - a little girl of 22 months with repeated admissions for habitual constipation and psychomental disturbances revealed at abdominal ultrasonography a hypo-echoic mass at the superior pole of the right kidney. CT confirmed the presence of a solid homogeneous mass of 23/25 mm without node or distant metastases, suggestive for Wilms' tumour. Conforming to SIOP protocol she received chemotherapy and after 4 weeks a superior polar nephrectomy was performed. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of triphasic nephroblastoma of intermediary risk. Postoperative chemotherapy according to the protocol SIOP assured the cure with a disease free period of 23 months. The second case - also a girl, of 3 years, is admitted for constipation, pain in the left flank and mental retard (QI=40). Ultrasonography determined a huge mass (Ø~6 cm) situated at the superior pole of the left kidney. CT attested a nonhomogeneous, encapsulated tumour image of 6.2/5.4/7.2 cm in large posterolateral contact with the renal parenchyma out of which it appears to be developed. The diagnosis of WT is strongly suggested and after chemotherapy a radical left nephrectomy with initial vessels ligature was performed. Pathology: stage IIb nephroblastoma with focal epithelial anaplasia. After surgery she continued the chemotherapy (HR regime), was cured and excepting a medullar aplasia is in a good health after 24 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our both cases were girls under 3 years, presenting nonspecific features: constipation and psychic troubles, the tumour being incidentally discovered by the abdominal ultrasonography. CT established the diagnosis. Conventional chemotherapy framing adapted to the tumour's stage and surgery conducted to a stable cure of about two years in both cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conforming to the SIOP protocols preoperative chemotherapy was applicable, well-tolerated and efficacious for two recent cases presented in our clinic, determining the shrinkage of tumour volume and stage and consecutive reduction of the surgical risks.
authors: Vth Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinic Children Hospital "St Mary", "Gr T Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iaşi, Romania.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Diaconescu
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Olaru
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Mihailă
authors: S G
authors: SG
authors: Aprodu
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Miron
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*