title: Cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression in fibroblasts from peri-implantitis lesions in response to viable Porphyromonas gingivalis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess inflammatory reactions of fibroblasts in the pathophysiology of peri-implantitis, we compared the pro-inflammatory and matrix-degrading responses of gingival and granulation tissue fibroblasts from periodontally healthy controls, peri-implantitis, and periodontitis lesions to an in vitro challenge with Porphyromonas gingivalis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fibroblasts from periodontally healthy, peri-implantitis and periodontitis donors were challenged with viable P. gingivalis. The inflammatory reactions of fibroblasts were analyzed before and after 6 h P. gingivalis challenge, and 2.5 and 18 h after removal of the challenge. Gene expression and induction of pro-inflammatory mediators, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-challenged fibroblasts from peri-implantitis and periodontitis lesions expressed higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 than fibroblasts from periodontally healthy individuals. The P. gingivalis challenge induced expression of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, MCP-1, and MMP-1 in periodontitis and peri-implantitis fibroblasts, but not in fibroblasts from periodontally healthy individuals. MMP-8 expression was higher in non-challenged peri-implantitis fibroblasts than in fibroblasts from periodontally healthy individuals. However, the P. gingivalis challenge downregulated MMP-8 gene expression in peri-implantitis fibroblasts. After removal of the P. gingivalis challenge, peri-implantitis fibroblasts sustained higher induction of IL-1β, MCP-1, and MMP-1 compared to periodontitis fibroblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fibroblasts from peri-implantitis and periodontitis lesions gave a more pronounced inflammatory response to the P. gingivalis challenge than fibroblasts from healthy donors. They may therefore be involved in the development of inflammation in peri-implantitis and periodontitis. Moreover, the sustained upregulation of inflammatory mediators and MMP-1 in peri-implantitis fibroblasts may play a role in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis.
authors: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Irshad
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Scheres
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Anssari Moin
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Crielaard
authors: B G
authors: BG
authors: Loos
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Wismeijer
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Laine
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000032:analysis; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000032:analysis; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C488762:MMP8 protein, human; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: cytokines; dental implants; matrix metalloproteinases; periodontitis