title: Severe pruritus and myoclonus following intrathecal morphine administration in a dog.
abstract: During epidural needle placement in a 32-kg dog the subarachnoid space was punctured and half the intended dose of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and morphine was injected. After recovery from anesthesia the dog showed signs of severe pruritus of the tail base and limbs and myoclonus of the tail and hind limbs. Methadone, acepromazine, ketamine, buprenorphine, and butorphanol were administered to control myoclonus and pruritus, but were unsuccessful. Diazepam was used to control myoclonus until the effects of morphine abated.
  
  
  
  During epidural needle placement in a 32-kg dog the subarachnoid space was punctured and half the intended dose of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and morphine was injected. After recovery from anesthesia the dog showed signs of severe pruritus of the tail base and limbs and myoclonus of the tail and hind limbs. Methadone, acepromazine, ketamine, buprenorphine, and butorphanol were administered to control myoclonus and pruritus, but were unsuccessful. Diazepam was used to control myoclonus until the effects of morphine abated.
authors: Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, Veterinary University, Vienna, Austria. isabelle.iff@vas-int.com
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Iff
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Valeskini
authors: Martina
authors: M
authors: Mosing
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008012:Lidocaine; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009207:Myoclonus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine