title: Demographic and motor features associated with the occurrence of neuropsychiatric and sleep complications of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether four key neuropsychiatric and sleep related features associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with the motor handicap and demographic data.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The growing number of recognised non-motor features of PD makes routine screening of all these symptoms impractical. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that standard demographic data and the routine assessment of motor signs is associated with the presence of dementia, psychosis, clinically probable rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (cpRBD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS).
  
  
  METHODS
  775 patients with PD underwent standardised assessment of motor features and the presence of dementia, psychosis, cpRBD and RLS. A stepwise feature elimination procedure with fitted logistic regression models was applied to identify which/if any combination of demographic and motor factors is associated with each of the four studied non-motor features. A within-study out-of-sample estimate of the power of the predicted values of the models was calculated using standard evaluation procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age and Hoehn&Yahr (H&Y) stage were strongly associated with the presence of dementia (p value<0.001 for both factors in the final selected model) while a combination of age, disease duration, H&Y stage, dopamine agonists and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors was associated with the presence of psychosis. Disease duration and H&Y stage were the significant indicators of cpRBD, and the lack of significant motor asymmetry was the only significant feature associated with RLS-type symptoms but the evidence of association was weak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Demographic and motor features routinely collected in patients with PD can estimate the occurrence of neuropsychiatric and sleep-related features of PD.
authors: Department of Neurology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors: Renato Puppi
authors: RP
authors: Munhoz
authors: Hélio A
authors: HA
authors: Teive
authors: Hariklia
authors: H
authors: Eleftherohorinou
authors: Lachlan J
authors: LJ
authors: Coin
authors: Andrew J
authors: AJ
authors: Lees
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Silveira-Moriyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D012372:ROC Curve; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase
keywords: CLINICAL NEUROLOGY; MOVEMENT DISORDERS; PARKINSON'S DISEASE