title: Increased expression of sphingosine kinase in the amnion during labor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, has been reported to regulate inflammation processes. The onset of labor is thought to be related to inflammation. We therefore hypothesized that S1P might be involved in the onset of labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of sphingosine kinase (SPHK)-1, which produces S1P, and S1P lyase (SPL)-1, which irreversibly inactivates S1P, were examined in the fetal membranes. The expression levels were compared between amnions from cases of elective Caesarean deliveries (pre-labor) and those from vaginal deliveries (post-labor). In primary cultured human amnion cells, the expression levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS)-2 were examined in the presence or absence of S1P treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SPHK-1 and SPL-1 were both expressed in the amnion. The expression of SPHK-1 in the post-labor amnions increased compared with that in the pre-labor amnions. The expression of PTGS-2, a key regulator of labor, also increased in the post-labor amnion. However, the SPL-1 expression in the pre-labor amnion was not significantly different from that in the post-labor amnion. S1P1-3 and 5, which were coupled with Gi protein, were consistently found in the amnion cells. The treatment with S1P increased the expression of PTGS-2, and this was completely suppressed by a Gi inhibitor in the amnion cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We are herein provide the first evidence of increased SPHK-1 expression in post-labor amnions, and that S1P increases the PTGS-2 expression in amnion cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that S1P might play a role in the onset of labor via the induction of PTGS-2.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya Graduate University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors: L O
authors: LO
authors: Erkhembaatar
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kotani
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sumigama
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Tsuda
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Mano
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Hua
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Hasegawa
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Sugiyama
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nakahara
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Iwase
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Kikkawa
mesh_terms: D000446:Aldehyde-Lyases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000650:Amnion / Q000201:enzymology*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000378:metabolism*; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
chemical_list: D000446:Aldehyde-Lyases; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D013110:Sphingosine; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; C022649:sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (aldolase)