title: Sources of trans and saturated fatty acids in the diets of Vancouver children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amounts and sources of trans fatty acids (TFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were examined in the diets of children aged five to six years after changes in TFA in Canadian foods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intake was assessed for 100 Vancouver children, using three 24-hour recalls during parental interviews. Trans fatty acid and SFA intakes and food sources were determined for each child.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TFA intake was 0.71 ± 0.31% of energy, and 12% of children consumed over 1% of energy from TFA. Saturated fatty acids intakes were 12.5 ± 3.39% of energy, and 81% of the children consumed more than 10% of energy from SFA. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes were 12.0 ± 3.0% and 5.79 ± 2.16% of energy, respectively. Major sources of TFA were dairy products, fast foods, and bakery products. Major sources of SFA were dairy products, processed foods, fast food, and bakery products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TFA intakes of children aged five to six years have decreased since 2004 to a 95th percentile intake of 1.28% of energy, but more than 80% of children consume over 10% of energy from SFA. Removing TFA from snacks and bakery products would decrease the highest TFA intakes to 1% of energy. This study suggests that increased efforts by industry or educational guidance for parents is required to enable selection of foods lower in TFA, and that greater emphasis is needed on SFA.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolism Program, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
authors: Kelly A
authors: KA
authors: Mulder
authors: Alexa R
authors: AR
authors: Ferdinands
authors: Kelly J
authors: KJ
authors: Richardson
authors: Sheila M
authors: SM
authors: Innis
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D001955:British Columbia; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids