title: Pigmentation: selective photothermolysis or non-specific skin necrosis using different intense pulsed light systems?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study considers end point tissue responses and side effects to determine whether 'square pulse' IPL is more or less effective than the traditional IPL. Supporting histological data and computational modelling results are provided. It provides guidance for IPL users unfamiliar with constant spectrum IPL devices and redirects attention to treatment end points.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty subjects of Fitzpatrick Skin Types I-III, presenting with various epidermal pigmented lesions, were treated 1-3 times with two different IPLs. Coupling gel was used and firm pressure was applied to exclude blood from the treatment area. Immediate and post-treatment side effects, degree of discomfort and end results at fourteen and thirty days were evaluated by professional observation, digital photography and a patient questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both IPLs showed a mean clearance of over 80% after 1-3 treatments but the free discharge IPL demonstrated a greater side effect profile with a higher incidence of ulceration, crusting and erythema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical observation and mathematical modelling suggests that the square pulse, partial discharge IPL system may provide the IPL operator with greater control over the coagulation of pigment and is therefore the more efficient device for effective pigment lightening with fewer side effects.
authors: Hove Skin Clinic, Hove, UK.
authors: Russell
authors: R
authors: Emerson
authors: Caerwyn
authors: C
authors: Ash
authors: Godfrey
authors: G
authors: Town
authors: Kelvin
authors: K
authors: Donne
authors: Tokuya
authors: T
authors: Omi
authors: Gwenaelle
authors: G
authors: Daniel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D062325:Intense Pulsed Light Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009336:Necrosis; D010781:Photography; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome