title: A report of 918 cases of circumcision with the Shang Ring: comparison between children and adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical outcome and surgical complications in circumcision using the Shang Ring between children and adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Circumcision using the Shang Ring was performed on 702 adults and 216 children. Comparative analysis on indices including operative time, healing time, postoperative edema, postoperative bleeding, postoperative pain, and postoperative infection was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the ring was removed after surgery, the pain was tolerable in the adult group, but more substantial in the child group. The optimal time for removing the ring was 2 weeks after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Special attention to the pain management is needed when using the Shang Ring to treat redundant foreskin or phimosis in children. The timing of the ring removal is critical to avoiding complications. Surgeons' knowledge in urology is also critical to the clinical outcome.
authors: Institute of Urinary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: XiaoJun
authors: X
authors: Wu
authors: Yongquan
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Ji
authors: J
authors: Zheng
authors: Wenhao
authors: W
authors: Shen
authors: Jun-an
authors: JA
authors: Yan
authors: Huixiang
authors: H
authors: Ji
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Heng
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Zhansong
authors: Z
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D052816:Foreskin / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010688:Phimosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing; D055815:Young Adult