title: Andrographolide protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury by inactivation of NF-κB.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a central transcriptional factor and a pleiotropic regulator of many genes involved in acute lung injury. Andrographolide is found in the plant of Andrographis paniculata and widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, exhibiting potently anti-inflammatory property by inhibiting NF-κB activity. The purpose of our investigation was designed to reveal the effect of andrographolide on various aspects of LPS induced inflammation in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo, BALB/C mice were subjected to LPS injection with or without andrographolide treatments to induce ALI model. In vitro, MLE-12 cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence and absence of andrographolide. In vivo, pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, ultrastructure changes of type II alveolar epithelial cells, MPO activity, total cells, neutrophils, macrophages, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in BALF, along with the expression of VCAM-1 and VEGF were dose-dependently attenuated by andrographolide. Meanwhile, in vitro, the expression of VCAM-1 and VEGF was also reduced by andrographolide. Moreover, our data showed that andrographolide significantly inhibited the ratios of phospho-IKKβ/total IKKβ, phospho-IκBα/total IκBα and phospho-NF-κB p65/total NF-κB p65, and NF-κB p65 DNA binding activities, both in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that andrographolide dose-dependently suppressed the severity of LPS-induced ALI, more likely by virtue of andrographolide-mediated NF-κB inhibition at the level of IKKβ activation. These results suggest andrographolide may be considered as an effective and safe drug for the potential treatment of ALI.
authors: Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Zhu
authors: Dao-xin
authors: DX
authors: Wang
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Xiu-qing
authors: XQ
authors: Liao
authors: Xian
authors: X
authors: Guan
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Bo
authors: Jia-yang
authors: JY
authors: Sun
authors: Ni-wen
authors: NW
authors: Huang
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: He
authors: Yun-kun
authors: YK
authors: Zhang
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Tong
authors: Chang-yi
authors: CY
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D056809:Alveolar Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D002452:Cell Count; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004224:Diterpenes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020011:Protective Agents; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C030419:andrographolide; D004247:DNA; D009195:Peroxidase