title: SSX2IP promotes metastasis and chemotherapeutic resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 2 interacting protein (SSX2IP), which has been identified as an acute myeloid leukemia associated antigen, is a potential target for leukemia immunotherapy. In rodents, its homologous gene, ADIP, plays an important role in the regulation of cell adhesion and migration, underlying its potential role in promoting metastasis of other cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the correlation between the expression level of SSX2IP and the clinicopathologic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 53 cases were studied by qPCR and statisted. To directly testing SSX2IP's contribution to HCC in animal models, 45 nude mice were enrolled in peritoneal spreading and liver metastasis models. For the migration and invasion assays, cell culture experiments were performed using QCMTM 24-Well Colorimetric Migration Assay Kit and Cell Invasion Assay Kit (Millipore). Moreover we examined the influence of SSX2IP overexpression on the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to two most common chemotherapy drugs (5-Fu and CDDP) using Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The chemotherapeutic drugs sensitivity was evaluated by IC50 parameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis of clinical cases revealed that the SSX2IP high expression group had inclinations towards larger tumor size, more tumor thrombus and shorter survival period, implying a strong correlation between the expression level of SSX2IP and HCC tumorigenesis. Consistently in abdominal cavity metastasis and liver metastasis models of immune-deficient mice, SSX2IP was able to promote the metastasis of hepatoma cells. At the cytological level, SSX2IP stimulates the wound healing, metastasis and invasion of hepatoma cells, and reduces the sensitivity of hepatoma cells to 5-Fu and CDDP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that SSX2IP promotes the development and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and contributes to the drug resistance of hepatoma cells, suggesting that SSX2IP is expected to become a new diagnostic and prognostic marker and a new target of the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors: Pu
authors: P
authors: Li
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Lin
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Zhenggang
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
authors: Keke
authors: K
authors: Huo
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; C472295:Ssx2ip protein, mouse