title: Impact of indoor residual spraying of lambda-cyhalothrin on malaria prevalence and anemia in an epidemic-prone district of Muleba, north-western Tanzania.
abstract: The Government of Tanzania introduced indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Muleba district in north-western Tanzania after frequent malaria epidemics. Malaria parasitological baseline and two cross-sectional follow-up surveys were conducted in villages under the IRS program and those not under IRS to assess the impact of IRS intervention. After two rounds of IRS intervention there was a significant reduction of malaria parasitological indices in both two villages. In IRS villages overall, parasitemia prevalence was reduced by 67.2%, splenomegaly was reduced by 75.8%, whereas anemia was reduced by 50.5%. There was also a decline of malaria parasite density from 896.4 at baseline to 128.8 at second follow-up survey. Similarly, there was also a reduction of malaria parasitological indices in non-IRS villages; however, parasitological indices in IRS villages remained far below the levels in non-IRS villages. The reduction of malaria parasitological indices in non-IRS villages might have been contributed by interventions other than IRS.
authors: National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania. mashauri@hotmail.com
authors: Fabian M
authors: FM
authors: Mashauri
authors: Safari M
authors: SM
authors: Kinung'hi
authors: Godfrey M
authors: GM
authors: Kaatano
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Magesa
authors: Coleman
authors: C
authors: Kishamawe
authors: Joseph R
authors: JR
authors: Mwanga
authors: Soori E
authors: SE
authors: Nnko
authors: Robert C
authors: RC
authors: Malima
authors: Chacha N
authors: CN
authors: Mero
authors: Leonard E G
authors: LE
authors: Mboera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D058872:Epidemics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007306:Insecticides; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009032:Mosquito Control; D009570:Nitriles; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011722:Pyrethrins; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C037304:cyhalothrin