title: Licensing age issues: deliberations from a workshop devoted to this topic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the issues and discuss the research evidence regarding safety, mobility, and other consequences of different licensing ages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information included is based on presentations and discussions at a 1-day workshop on licensing age issues and a review and synthesis of the international literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature indicates that higher licensing ages are associated with safety benefits. There is an associated mobility loss, more likely to be an issue in rural states. Legislative attempts to raise the minimum age for independent driving in the United States--for example, from 16 to 17--have been resisted, although in some states the age has been raised indirectly through graduated driver licensing (GDL) policies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Jurisdictions can achieve reductions in teenage crashes by raising the licensing age. This can be done directly or indirectly by strengthening GDL systems, in particular extending the minimum length of the learner period. Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention for the following supplemental resource: List of workshop participants.
authors: Allan F. Williams LLC, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. allan.f.williams@gmail.com
authors: Allan F
authors: AF
authors: Williams
authors: Anne T
authors: AT
authors: McCartt
authors: Daniel R
authors: DR
authors: Mayhew
authors: Barry
authors: B
authors: Watson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008004:Licensure / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014481:United States