title: Effect of remineralizing agents on white spot lesions after orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  White spot lesions are a common complication after orthodontic treatment. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate which remineralizing agents are effective for the treatment of white spot lesions after orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to predetermined criteria, 4 databases were searched for appropriate studies. References of the selected articles and relevant reviews were searched for any missed publications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven randomized controlled trials were selected as eligible studies, and only qualitative analyses were performed because of the diversity of the interventions and outcome measures. Two studies showed significant effects of 2 different fluoride preparations: one with a small sample size and several methodologic deficiencies, and the other using only nonconventional detection methods (ie, DIAGNOdent pen, KaVo, Biberach, Germany) to assess white spot lesions. Two studies involved casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, which seemed to be effective for the regression of white spot lesions. However, the statistical analysis in 1 study was based on the tooth surfaces instead of the patient, and the visual examination used in the other study to assess the white spots was not reliable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the literature, there is a lack of reliable evidence to support the effectiveness of remineralizing agents for the treatment of postorthodontic white spot lesions.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Xingguang
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Dai
authors: Zhiwei
authors: Z
authors: Jiang
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Guo
authors: Yin
authors: Y
authors: Ding
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002364:Caseins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; D005459:Fluorides