title: Three-dimensional power Doppler study of endometrial and subendometrial microvascularization in women with intrauterine device-induced menorrhagia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate endometrial and subendometrial microvascularization, using three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound, in women with intrauterine device (IUD)-induced menorrhagia; and whether those potential findings could predict the risk of bleeding before IUD insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty women, who requested the insertion of a copper IUD for contraception.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial thickness and volume, uterine artery pulsatility index and resistance index, and endometrial and subendometrial 3D power Doppler vascularization index, flow index, and vascularization flow index were measured twice: immediately before and 3 months after IUD insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doppler indices before and after IUD insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before IUD insertion, no significant difference was detected in the clinical characteristics, endometrial thickness and volume, and Doppler indices between women who had IUD-induced menorrhagia (n = 47) and those without menorrhagia (n = 73). However, after IUD insertion, there was a significant increase in the endometrial and subendometrial vascularization index, flow index, and vascularization flow index in women with menorrhagia, whereas other parameters remained not significantly different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endometrial and subendometrial microvascularization increases in women with IUD-induced menorrhagia; however, this finding has no predictive value before IUD insertion.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. dr_akmalelmazny@yahoo.com
authors: Akmal
authors: A
authors: El-Mazny
authors: Nermeen
authors: N
authors: Abou-Salem
authors: Hossam
authors: H
authors: Elshenoufy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004534:Egypt; D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055806:Microvessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance