title: Estimation of fluoride intake from milk-based infant formulas and baby foods.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the amount of fluoride ingested from infant formula and baby food in infants aged up to 6 months in South Korea. The fluoride content of 20 commercially available formulas and 8 baby food samples from 4 different brands was measured using a modified microdiffusion method and fluoride ion selective electrode. The amount of fluoride (F) ingested by infants was estimated assuming that the samples were reconstituted with water containing 0, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 ppm F. When the reconstituted formulas and baby foods contained 0.8 ppm F water, the infants were estimated to ingest fluoride in the range of 0.018 to 0.298 mg/kg/day. The findings of this study suggest that there is a need for clear guidelines for fluoride consumption by infants that should be followed by manufacturers and parents.
authors: Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Samcheok, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hie Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Noh
authors: Boston University, Boston, MA, USA woosung@bu.edu.
authors: Woosung
authors: W
authors: Sohn
authors: Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Baek Il
authors: BI
authors: Kim
authors: Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ho Keun
authors: HK
authors: Kwon
authors: Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors: Choong Ho
authors: CH
authors: Choi
authors: Korea University Department of Dental Laboratory Science & Engineering College of Health Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hae-Young
authors: HY
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D008892:Milk; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides
keywords: baby food; fluoride intake; infant formula; infants; microdiffusion method