title: Biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with wet age related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with wet age related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study that includes 163 patients with wet AMD (age group of 55-82 years with the mean age of 71 years and 170 age-matched healthy controls in the age group of 55-78 years with the mean age of 71 years. The following parameters were determined: reduced and oxidized Glutathione (GSH/GSSH), protein carbonyl groups, total antioxidant activity in plasma and the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as, gluthatione peroxidase, gluthatione reductase and superoxide dismutase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed total antioxidant activity higher in control group (CG) compared with patients with wet AMD (7.1 ± 1.2 μM Trolox vs 5.8 ± 1.1 μM Trolox). Values of superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), gluthatione reductase (GR) and gluthatione peroxidase (GPx) are higher in control group than in patients with wet AMD. According to the GSH/GSSH results, average values were higher in the CG than in patients with wet AMD and data were not significantly different.. Values of protein carbonyl groups were higher in patients with wet AMD than in CG and significant differences were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding of the present study suggests that the patients with wet AMD are an altered metabolic state of oxidation-reduction and that it is convenient to give therapeutic interventions with antioxidants. We have demonstrated that systematic oxidative stress, measured by different biomarkers is closely associated with the wet AMD.
authors: Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia 30107, Spain. mpzafrilla@ucam.edu
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Zafrilla
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Losada
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Perez
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Caravaca
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Mulero
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000502:physiology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide