title: Spatial and temporal evaluations of estrogenic activity in tap water served by a water plant in Wuhan, China.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal characteristics of estrogenic activities in tap water served by a water plant in Wuhan, China. Tap water samples were monthly collected from the three sampling sites with different distances of distribution network from the plant during April 2010-March 2011: Min (less than 0.1km), Mid (approximately 4km) and Max (approximately 8km). Estrogenic activities of solid phase-extracted tap waters were measured by using recombinant yeast assay incorporated with and without exogenous metabolic activation system (rat liver S9 fractions) and expressed as 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ). Pro-estrogenic and estrogenic activity in tap water ranged from 151.4 to 1395.6pg EEQ/L and 35.2 to 1511pg EEQ/L, respectively. Average pro-estrogenic activity (680.3pg EEQ/L) was significantly higher than estrogenic activity (412.8pg EEQ/L) throughout the whole year. The pro-estrogenic activity significantly increased with the extending of distribution network, and was also statistically correlated with water temperature and pH. However, pro-estrogenic and estrogenic activity was not altered across four seasons. Our results suggest that the pro-estrogenic and estrogenic chemicals are present in tap water served by the water plant.
authors: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Zeng
authors: Wen-Cheng
authors: WC
authors: Cao
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: Yong-Zhe
authors: YZ
authors: Chen
authors: Luo-Jia
authors: LJ
authors: Yun
authors: Ai-Lin
authors: AL
authors: Liu
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Wen-Qing
authors: WQ
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D002681:China; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D004967:Estrogens; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical