title: Negative urgency, disinhibition and reduced temporal pole gray matter characterize the comorbidity of cocaine dependence and personality disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with cocaine dependence and co-occurring personality disorders are more likely to have increased impulsivity, dysfunctional beliefs, executive dysfunction and brain structural abnormalities by virtue of the conjoint impact of both pathologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 32 cocaine dependent patients with comorbid Cluster B personality disorders, 44 cocaine dependent patients without comorbidities and 34 non-drug-using controls. They completed the UPPS-P impulsivity scale, the Personality Belief Questionnaire, and executive function tests of working memory, attention/response inhibition and shifting. A subsample (n=61) was also scanned using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We used univariate ANOVAs for group comparisons, and tested the association between impulsivity, executive control and personality dysfunction and diagnoses using correlation and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cocaine dependent patients with personality disorders had elevated negative urgency and borderline beliefs, decreased inhibition and attention regulation, and reduced temporal pole gray matter with respect to the rest of the sample. Trait and cognitive measures correctly classified 73% of comorbid patients (60% sensitivity and 82% specificity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The co-occurrence of cocaine dependence and personality disorders is associated with negative-mood impulsivity and beliefs, executive dysfunction and temporal pole attrition.
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Granada, Spain.
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Albein-Urios
authors: José Miguel
authors: JM
authors: Martinez-Gonzalez
authors: Óscar
authors: Ó
authors: Lozano
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Moreno-López
authors: Carles
authors: C
authors: Soriano-Mas
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Verdejo-Garcia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004522:Educational Status; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007360:Intelligence; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D010556:Personality Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D057190:Stroop Test; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Cocaine; Executive functions; Impulsivity; Personality disorders; Temporal pole; Volumetric based morphometry