title: Use of online machine translation for nursing literature: a questionnaire-based survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The language barrier is a significant obstacle for nurses who are not native English speakers to obtain information from international journals. Freely accessible online machine translation (MT) offers a possible solution to this problem.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore how Japanese nursing professionals use online MT and perceive its usability in reading English articles and to discuss what should be considered for better utilisation of online MT lessening the language barrier.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 250 randomly selected assistants and research associates at nursing colleges across Japan answered a questionnaire examining the current use of online MT and perceived usability among Japanese nurses, along with the number of articles read in English and the perceived language barrier. The items were rated on Likert scales, and t-test, ANOVA, chi-square test, and Spearman's correlation were used for analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the participants, 73.8% had used online MT. More than half of them felt it was usable. The language barrier was strongly felt, and academic degrees and English proficiency level were associated factors. The perceived language barrier was related to the frequency of online MT use. No associated factor was found for the perceived usability of online MT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Language proficiency is an important factor for optimum utilisation of MT. A need for education in the English language, reading scientific papers, and online MT training was indicated. Cooperation with developers and providers of MT for the improvement of their systems is required.
authors: UMIN Center, 4th Floor, Administration & Research Building, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors: Ryoko
authors: R
authors: Anazawa
authors: Hirono
authors: H
authors: Ishikawa
authors: Kiuchi
authors: K
authors: Takahiro
keywords: Japanese nurses; language barrier; nursing literature; online machine translation; questionnaire.; usability