title: Structural abnormalities in the thalamus of migraineurs with aura: a multiparametric study at 3 T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The thalamus exerts a pivotal role in pain processing and cortical excitability control, and migraine is characterized by repeated pain attacks and abnormal cortical habituation to excitatory stimuli. This work aimed at studying the microstructure of the thalamus in migraine patients using an innovative multiparametric approach at high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 37 migraineurs (22 without aura, MWoA, and 15 with aura, MWA) as well as 20 healthy controls (HC) in a 3-T MRI equipped with a 32-channel coil. We acquired whole-brain T1 relaxation maps and computed magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), generalized fractional anisotropy, and T2* maps to probe microstructural and connectivity integrity and to assess iron deposition. We also correlated the obtained parametric values with the average monthly frequency of migraine attacks and disease duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T1 relaxation time was significantly shorter in the thalamus of MWA patients compared with MWoA (P < 0.001) and HC (P ≤ 0.01); in addition, MTR was higher and T2* relaxation time was shorter in MWA than in MWoA patients (P < 0.05, respectively). These data reveal broad microstructural alterations in the thalamus of MWA patients compared with MWoA and HC, suggesting increased iron deposition and myelin content/cellularity. However, MWA and MWoA patients did not show any differences in the thalamic nucleus involved in pain processing in migraine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are broad microstructural alterations in the thalamus of MWA patients that may underlie abnormal cortical excitability control leading to cortical spreading depression and visual aura.
authors: GRHAD, BMI, SV, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie and Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology Group, Siemens-CIBM, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Granziera
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Daducci
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Romascano
authors: Alexis
authors: A
authors: Roche
authors: Gunther
authors: G
authors: Helms
authors: Gunnar
authors: G
authors: Krueger
authors: Nouchine
authors: N
authors: Hadjikhani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D020325:Migraine with Aura / Q000473:pathology*; D020326:Migraine without Aura / Q000473:pathology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: migraine; multiparametric MRI; structural MRI