title: Communicating findings: a justification and framework for direct radiologic disclosure to patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiologists' delivery of imaging results to patients remains controversial. One model of communication suggests limiting disclosure to normal results. We argue that disclosing radiologic findings to patients is justified in all categories of results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once a doctor-patient relationship has been established, we claim that it is morally justifiable for radiologists to communicate findings directly to their patients. The practice guidelines that we advocate employ a sliding scale based on the diagnostic confidence of imaging results.
authors: Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania Hospital, 800 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. ian.amber@uphs.upenn.edu
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Amber
authors: Autumn
authors: A
authors: Fiester
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D033283:Patient Access to Records / Q000941:ethics*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations / Q000941:ethics*; D011871:Radiology / Q000941:ethics*; D014342:Truth Disclosure / Q000941:ethics*; D014481:United States