title: Prospective evaluation of complications using the modified Clavien grading system, and of success rates of percutaneous nephrolithotomy using Guy's Stone Score: A single-center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively document the perioperative complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using the modified Clavien grading system. Evaluation of complications and clearance rates according to stone complexity using the validated Guy's Stone Score (GSS) was also done.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 221 renal units underwent 278 PCNL procedures at a urology resident training center between September 2010 and September 2011 and data were recorded prospectively in our registry. Patients with co-morbidities like diabetes, renal failure, hypertension and cardiopulmonary diseases were excluded. Stone complexity was classified according to the GSS while peri-operative complications were recorded using the modified Clavien grading system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and forty-five complications were encountered in 278 PCNL procedures involving 116 renal units (41.72%). Complications of Grades 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b and 5 were seen in 52 (18.7%), 122 (43.8%), 42 (15.1%), 18 (6.4%), 6 (2.1%), 4 (1.4%) and 1 (0.3%) renal units respectively. There were 68, 98, 50 and 5 renal units in GSS I, II, III and IV groups, respectively. All grades of complications were more common in GSS III and IV (P<0.05). For GSS I, II, III and IV 100%, 74%, 56% and 0% of renal units, respectively, were stone-free after one session and 0%, 24%, 44% and 60% respectively needed two sessions to be stone-free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the complication rates were higher most were of low grade and self-limiting. Complications were significantly more common with higher GSS and the GSS effectively predicted stone-free rates.
authors: Department of Urology, CSM Medical University (Upgraded King George's Medical College), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Swarnendu
authors: S
authors: Mandal
authors: Apul
authors: A
authors: Goel
authors: Rohit
authors: R
authors: Kathpalia
authors: Satyanarayan
authors: S
authors: Sankhwar
authors: Vishwajeet
authors: V
authors: Singh
authors: Rahul J
authors: RJ
authors: Sinha
authors: Bhupender P
authors: BP
authors: Singh
authors: Divakar
authors: D
authors: Dalela
keywords: Complication; Guy's Stone Score; modified Clavien grading system; percutaneous nephrolithotomy