title: Effect of operating microscope light on brain temperature during craniotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Operating microscopes used during neurosurgery are fitted with xenon light. Burn injuries have been reported because of xenon microscope lighting as the intensity of xenon light is 300 W. We designed this study to find out if the light of operating microscope causes an increase in temperature of the brain tissue, which is exposed underneath.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one adult patients scheduled for elective craniotomies were enrolled. Distal esophageal temperature (T Eso), brain temperature under the microscope light (T Brain), and brain temperature under dura mater (T Dura) were measured continuously at 15-minute intervals during microscope use. The irrigation fluid temperature, room temperature, intensity of the microscope light, and the distance of the microscope from the brain surface were kept constant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of the patients was 44±15 years (18 males and 3 females). The mean duration of microscope use was 140±39 minutes. There were no significant changes in T Brain and T Dura and T Eso over time. T Dura was significantly lower than T Brain both at time 0 and 60 minutes but not at 90 minutes. T Brain was significantly lower than T Eso both at time 0 and 60 minutes but not at 90 minutes. The T Dura remained significantly lower than T Eso at 0, 60, and 90 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that there is no significant rise in brain temperature under xenon microscope light up to 120 minutes duration, at intensity of 60% to 70%, from a distance of 20 to 25 cm from the brain surface.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. gayat@sctimst.ac.in
authors: Parthasarathi
authors: P
authors: Gayatri
authors: Girish G
authors: GG
authors: Menon
authors: Puthuvassery R
authors: PR
authors: Suneel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D018401:Sample Size