title: Association between low bone mineral density and clinical attachment loss in Japanese postmenopausal females.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown conflicting results as to whether low bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with severe clinical attachment loss (AL). The effect of dental restoration on AL was not considered in most studies. In addition, studies of this association in Japanese individuals are limited. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the possible association between BMD and AL with dental restoration information in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal females.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 397 females (average age: 68.2 years). BMDs of the lumbar spine and right proximal femur were measured by the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry method. Based on lower BMD/young adult mean (YAM) among the two sites measured, participants were classified into three groups: 1) normal: BMD = 80% YAM or higher (n = 161); 2) osteopenia: BMD = 70% to 80% YAM (n = 136); and 3) osteoporosis: BMD = <70% YAM (n = 100). Multivariable analyses of the differences in AL values among three BMD groups was conducted using general linear models. Adjustments for the percentage of teeth restored and other covariates were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with osteopenia had significantly higher average AL than individuals with normal BMD (P = 0.022). Additionally, the osteoporosis group displayed significantly higher average AL (P = 0.003) and higher percentages of sites with AL ≥ 4 mm (P = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study indicate that low systemic BMD was associated with severe AL in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal females.
authors: Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan.
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Iwasaki
authors: George W
authors: GW
authors: Taylor
authors: Kazutoshi
authors: K
authors: Nakamura
authors: Akihiro
authors: A
authors: Yoshihara
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D007564:Japan; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000503:physiopathology; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000145:classification