title: Hemodynamic goal-directed therapy. A review.
abstract: Patients can show arterial pressure and cardiac index within the normal range and still be in circulatory shock if oxygen and metabolic demand is increased or blood flow distribution is altered.Lactate is produced in anaerobic environment to preserve cellular integrity and physicians use its blood concentration value as a reliable marker of tissue hypoxia and energy failure.The authors review the recent literature on the importance of mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO(2)) as an early sign of inadequate DO(2) that precede the lactate production.
authors: Department of Cardiac and Vascular Anesthesia and Post-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Romagnoli
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Romano
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bevilacqua
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Lazzeri
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Ciappi
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Dini
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Pratesi
authors: G F
authors: GF
authors: Gensini
keywords: Goal directed therapy; Lactate; Low cardiac output syndrome; Sepsis