title: Cortical bone strains around straight and angulated immediate orthodontic microimplants: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure strains around orthodontic implants upon torque tightening and loading and to assess correlations between factors influencing primary stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-drilling implants were placed into bovine iliac crest blocks after CT assessments. Upon bonding of strain gauges on bone adjacent to the implants, strain measurements were performed using a data acquisition system during torque tightening and 250 g orthodontic force application by elastic chains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The torque required to place straight implants (12.16 N.cm) was higher than 30- to 40-degree angulated implants (9.31 N.cm) (P < 0.05). Cortical bone strain amplitudes of both implant placements were comparable (P > 0.05). Strains during torque tightening of straight (196 με) and tilted (114 με) implants were higher than those obtained during orthodontic loading (20-30 με). Despite the positive and direct relationship found between torque and torque strain output, strong correlations between other parameters could not be detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertically aligned and 30- to 40-degree angulated immediate orthodontic microimplants are associated with low amplitude strains upon torque tightening and orthodontic loading.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey. secilcehreli@gmail.com
authors: Secil
authors: S
authors: Cehreli
authors: Alev
authors: A
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Ayca
authors: A
authors: Arman-Ozcirpici
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D015921:Dental Implants; D020724:Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D020724:Elastomers