title: Speech intonation and melodic contour recognition in children with cochlear implants and with normal hearing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cochlear implant (CI) users have difficulty perceiving some intonation cues in speech and melodic contours because of poor frequency selectivity in the cochlear implant signal.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess perceptual accuracy of normal hearing (NH) children and pediatric CI users on speech intonation (prosody), melodic contour, and pitch ranking, and to determine potential predictors of outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Does perceptual accuracy for speech intonation or melodic contour differ as a function of auditory status (NH, CI), perceptual category (falling versus rising intonation/contour), pitch perception, or individual differences (e.g., age, hearing history)?
  
  
  METHODS
  NH and CI groups were tested on recognition of falling intonation/contour versus rising intonation/contour presented in both spoken and melodic (sung) conditions. Pitch ranking was also tested. Outcomes were correlated with variables of age, hearing history, HINT, and CNC scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CI group was significantly less accurate than the NH group in spoken (CI, M = 63.1%; NH, M = 82.1%) and melodic (CI, M = 61.6%; NH, M = 84.2%) conditions. The CI group was more accurate in recognizing rising contour in the melodic condition compared with rising intonation in the spoken condition. Pitch ranking was a significant predictor of outcome for both groups in falling intonation and rising melodic contour; age at testing and hearing history variables were not predictive of outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with CIs were less accurate than NH children in perception of speech intonation, melodic contour, and pitch ranking. However, the larger pitch excursions of the melodic condition may assist in recognition of the rising inflection associated with the interrogative form.
authors: Iowa Cochlear Implant Clinical Research Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, School of Music, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242, USA.
authors: Rachel L
authors: RL
authors: See
authors: Virginia D
authors: VD
authors: Driscoll
authors: Kate
authors: K
authors: Gfeller
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Kliethermes
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Oleson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*