title: Nutrient composition, antioxidant properties, and anti-proliferative activity of Lignosus rhinocerus Cooke sclerotium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lignosus rhinocerus (tiger milk mushroom) is an important medicinal mushroom used in Southeast Asia and China, and its sclerotium can be developed into functional food/nutraceuticals. The nutrient composition, antioxidant properties, and anti-proliferative activity of wild type and a cultivated strain of L. rhinocerus sclerotia were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sclerotial powder has high carbohydrate but low fat content. Interestingly, the cultivated strain contains higher amounts of protein and water-soluble substances than the wild type. Phenolic content of hot-water, cold-water, and methanol extracts of the sclerotial powders ranged from 19.32 to 29.42 mg gallic acid equivalents g⁻¹ extract, while the ferric reducing antioxidant power values ranged from 0.006 to 0.016 mmol min⁻¹ g⁻¹ extract. The DPPH• , ABTS•⁺ , and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of the extracts ranged from 0.52 to 1.12, 0.05 to 0.20, and -0.98 to 11.23 mmol Trolox equivalents g⁻¹ extract, respectively. Both strains exhibited strong superoxide anion radical scavenging activity comparable to rutin. The cold-water extracts exhibited anti-proliferative activity against human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells, with IC₅₀ values of 206 µg mL⁻¹ and 90 µg mL⁻¹ for the wild type and cultivated strains, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cultivated L. rhinocerus sclerotium has the potential to be developed into functional food/nutraceuticals.
authors: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. yean_ny_nie@yahoo.com
authors: Yeannie H Y
authors: YH
authors: Yap
authors: NgetHong
authors: N
authors: Tan
authors: ShinYee
authors: S
authors: Fung
authors: Azlina A
authors: AA
authors: Aziz
authors: ChonSeng
authors: C
authors: Tan
authors: SzuTing
authors: S
authors: Ng
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008296:Malaysia; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D011124:Polyporaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D013045:Species Specificity; D055814:Wilderness
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001688:Biological Products; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Lignosus rhinocerus; anti-proliferative activity; antioxidant activity; nutritional composition; phenolic content; tiger milk mushroom