title: Perceptions of emergency department crowding in the commonwealth of pennsylvania.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The state of emergency department (ED) crowding in Pennsylvania has not previously been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed perceptions of ED crowding by surveying medical directors/chairs from Pennsylvania EDs in the spring of 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 106 completed the questionnaire (68% response rate). A total of 83% (86/104) agreed that ED crowding was a problem; 26% (27/105) reported that at least half of admitted patients boarded for more than 4 hours. Ninety-eight percent (102/104) agreed that patient satisfaction suffers during crowding and 79% (84/106) stated that quality suffers. Sixty-five percent (68/105) reported that crowding had worsened during the past 2 years. Several hospital interventions were used to alleviate crowding: expediting discharges, 81% (86/106); prioritizing ED patients for inpatient beds, 79% (84/106); and ambulance diversion, 55% (57/105). Almost all respondents who had improved ED operations reported that it had reduced crowding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ED crowding is a common problem in Pennsylvania and is worsening in the majority of hospitals, despite the implementation of a variety of interventions.
authors: George Washington University Medical Center, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Health Policy, Washington, DC.
authors: Jesse M
authors: JM
authors: Pines
authors: Joshua A
authors: JA
authors: Isserman
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Kelly