title: Mechanisms of hormonal therapy related thrombosis.
abstract: There is now compelling evidence that use of oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormonal therapies containing various estrogens is associated with a weak, but clinically relevant risk of both arterial and venous thrombosis. The increased risk is related to type and dose of both estrogen and combined progestagen and mode of delivery. Treatment induces mainly subtle changes in individual components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, but the overall effect is the induction of a prothrombotic phenotype. This brief review summarizes some of the mechanisms responsible the prothrombotic effects of such treatment.
authors: Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Department of Haematology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. p.m.sandset@medisin.uio.no
authors: Per Morten
authors: PM
authors: Sandset
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006487:Hemostasis; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006728:Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D017698:Postmenopause; D011372:Progestins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011486:Protein C / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000139:chemically induced; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens; D006728:Hormones; D011372:Progestins; D011486:Protein C; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin