title: Voluntary movement controlled by the surface EMG signal for tissue-engineered skeletal muscle on a gripping tool.
abstract: We have developed a living prosthesis consisting of a living muscle-powered device, which is controlled by neuronal signals to recover some of the functions of a lost extremity. A tissue-engineered skeletal muscle was fabricated with two anchorage points from a primary rat myoblast cultured in a collagen Matrigel mixed gel. Differentiation to the skeletal muscle was confirmed in the tissue-engineered skeletal muscle, and the contraction force increased with increasing frequency of electric stimulation. Then, the tissue-engineered skeletal muscle was assembled into a gripper-type microhand. The tissue-engineered skeletal muscle of the microhand was stimulated electrically, which was then followed by the voluntary movement of the subject's hand. The signal of the surface electromyogram from a subject was processed to mimic the firing spikes of a neuromuscular junction to control the contraction of the tissue-engineered skeletal muscle. The tele-operation of the microhand was demonstrated by optical microscope observations.
authors: Department of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Ken-ichiro
authors: K
authors: Kabumoto
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Hoshino
authors: Yoshitake
authors: Y
authors: Akiyama
authors: Keisuke
authors: K
authors: Morishima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*