title: Coping and participation in youth with spinal cord injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coping and participation are important adjustment outcomes of youth with spinal cord injury (SCI). Research addressing how these outcomes are related is limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study examined relationships between coping and participation in youth with SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Youth ages 7 to 18 years were recruited from 3 hospitals specializing in rehabilitation of youth with SCI. The Kidcope assessed coping strategies, and the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) examined participation patterns. Point biserial and Pearson correlations assessed relationships among variables, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined whether coping significantly contributed to participation above and beyond significant demographic and injury-related factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 294 participants: 45% female, 65% Caucasian, 67% with paraplegia. Mean age was 13.71 years (SD = 3.46), and mean duration of injury was 5.39 years (SD = 4.49). Results indicated that higher levels of social support and lower levels of self-criticism predicted higher participation in informal activities, lower levels of social withdrawal predicted participation in informal activities with a greater diversity of individuals, lower levels of blaming others predicted higher enjoyment of informal activities, and higher levels of cognitive restructuring predicted participation in formal activities with a greater diversity of individuals and in settings further from home.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest higher levels of social support and cognitive restructuring and lower levels of self-criticism, social withdrawal, and blaming others predicted favorable participation outcomes. Interventions for youth with SCI that encourage higher levels of positive coping strategies and lower levels of negative and avoidant strategies may promote positive participation outcomes.
authors: Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee.
authors: Jennifer J
authors: JJ
authors: Lindwall
authors: Heather F
authors: HF
authors: Russell
authors: Erin H
authors: EH
authors: Kelly
authors: Sara J
authors: SJ
authors: Klaas
authors: Mary Jane
authors: MJ
authors: Mulcahey
authors: Randal R
authors: RR
authors: Betz
authors: Lawrence C
authors: LC
authors: Vogel
keywords: coping; participation; spinal cord injury (SCI); youth