title: Equine colostral carbohydrates reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence suggests that reactions to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), particularly in the gut, can be partly or completely mitigated by colostrum- and milk-derived oligosaccharides. Confirmation of this hypothesis could lead to the development of new therapeutic concepts.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the influence of equine colostral carbohydrates on the inflammatory response in an in vitro model with equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Carbohydrates were extracted from mare colostrum, and then evaluated for their influence on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in PBMCs isolated from the same mares, mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 was measured as well as the protein levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Equine colostral carbohydrates significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha protein at both times measured and significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression by PBMCs. Moreover, cell viability significantly increased in the presence of high concentrations of colostral carbohydrates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbohydrates derived from equine colostrum reduce LPS-induced inflammatory responses of equine PBMCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colostrum and milk-derived carbohydrates are promising candidates for new concepts in preventive and regenerative medicine.
authors: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. j.c.vendrig@uu.nl
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Vendrig
authors: L E
authors: LE
authors: Coffeng
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Fink-Gremmels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger