title: Effect of audit and feedback on improving handovers: a nonrandomized comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-quality, shift-to-shift handovers by residents are critical to ensuring to patient safety. The 2011 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education duty hour requirements have increased the number of handovers occurring daily, necessitating new approaches to this challenge. Research suggests standardized approaches, electronic systems, and education programs can improve the handover process.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a 2-phase, observational study comparing an electronic handover system (experimental) in one clinical setting to a standard card-based system (control) at a second site. Outcome data included an objective assessment of the completeness and accuracy of handovers, and resident assessment of the handover systems. In phase 1, data were recorded at both sites and not shared with residents. In phase 2, data from the experimental system were used to provide standardized feedback to residents on the quality of their handovers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3184 individual patient sign-outs were evaluated during the 11-month period. Following introduction of a feedback intervention in the experimental arm, errors were present in only 5.2% of handovers, compared with 16.1% of controls (P < .001), and 67% of the 38 residents responding reported they perceived the experimental system as facilitating better patient care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular, real-time feedback through an electronic handover system can improve the accuracy and completeness of handovers in patient care.
authors: John Charles
authors: JC
authors: O'Horo
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Omballi
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Omballi
authors: Tony K
authors: TK
authors: Tran
authors: Jeffrey P
authors: JP
authors: Jordan
authors: Dennis J
authors: DJ
authors: Baumgardner
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Gennis