title: Flavanols from evening primrose (Oenothera paradoxa) defatted seeds inhibit prostate cells invasiveness and cause changes in Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio.
abstract: In this study, we assessed the influence of an evening primrose flavanol preparation (EPFP) on proliferation and invasiveness of human prostate cancer cells (DU 145) and immortalized prostate epithelial cells (PNT1A). We report for the first time that EPFP reduces DU 145 cell proliferation (IC50 = 97 μM GAE for 72 h incubation) and invasiveness (by 24% versus control at 75 μM GAE). EPFP strongly inhibited PNT1A invasiveness in a concentration-dependent manner (by 67% versus control at 75 μM GAE) and did not cause a reduction in their proliferation. Furthermore, EPFP inhibited the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 secreted to culture medium by PNT1A cells by 84% and 34% versus control at 100 μM GAE, respectively. In the case of DU 145, MMP-9 activity at 100 μM GAE was reduced by 37% versus control. Moreover, the evening primrose seed flavanols suppressed the expression of selected genes (MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-14, c-Fos, c-Jun, and VEGF) and also caused favorable changes in Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio which render DU 145 cells more sensitive to apoptosis-triggering agents. An additional confirmation of the proapoptotic activity of EPFP toward DU 145 was visualization of characteristic apoptotic bodies by DAPI staining. In conclusion, this study suggests that EPFP may increase apoptosis and reduce angiogenesis of prostate cancer cells.
authors: Department of Medical Enzymology, Medical University of Lodz , Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland. urszula.lewandowska@umed.lodz.pl
authors: Urszula
authors: U
authors: Lewandowska
authors: Karolina
authors: K
authors: Szewczyk
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Owczarek
authors: Zbigniew
authors: Z
authors: Hrabec
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Podsędek
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Koziołkiewicz
authors: Elżbieta
authors: E
authors: Hrabec
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control; D031664:Oenothera / Q000737:chemistry*; D011467:Prostate; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein