title: Association between overweight and low back pain: a population-based prospective cohort study of adolescents.
abstract: METHODS
  A prospective cohort study in adolescents aged 7 to 19 years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether persistent overweight increases the risk of low back pain (LBP) among adolescents.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Overweight and LBP are common health problems in adolescents. Their relationship is still controversial among adolescents, as well as among adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population, the Oulu Back Study, was drawn from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. The final study sample included 1660 adolescents (56% females). The subcohort of 786 subjects (57% females) was used in the analysis of waist circumference. The association between the area under the curve of body mass index from 7 to 16 years, and from 16 to 18 years, and area under the curve of waist circumference from 16 to 19 years, and LBP during the past 6 months was evaluated separately for incident (reporting LBP at 18 or 19 yr but not at 16 yr) and persistent LBP (reporting LBP at 16 and 18 yr or 19 yr). Relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were adjusted for smoking, leisure time physical activity, and family socioeconomic status at 16 years and stratified by sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body mass index from 16 to 18 years among girls and body mass index from 7 to 16 years among boys predicted incident LBP at 18 years (girls: RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.18; boys: RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32). Among boys, waist circumference from 16 to 19 years was also associated with incident LBP (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02-1.32). Overweight was not associated with persistent LBP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population-based cohort study, persistent overweight slightly increased the risk of incident LBP, but the time period during which overweight was related to incident LBP differed between sexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  2.
authors: *Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Oulu, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Oulu, Finland †Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland ‡Department of Statistical Services, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland §LIKES - Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland ¶Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ‖Institute of Health Sciences, Unit of General Practice, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; and **Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute, Oulu, Finland.
authors: Paula Hannele
authors: PH
authors: Mikkonen
authors: Jaana
authors: J
authors: Laitinen
authors: Jouko
authors: J
authors: Remes
authors: Tuija
authors: T
authors: Tammelin
authors: Simo
authors: S
authors: Taimela
authors: Kaisu
authors: K
authors: Kaikkonen
authors: Paavo
authors: P
authors: Zitting
authors: Raija
authors: R
authors: Korpelainen
authors: Jaro
authors: J
authors: Karppinen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010147:Pain Measurement; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult