title: A comparison of health-related quality of life (health utility) between insulin degludec and insulin glargine: a meta-analysis of phase 3 trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate health-related quality of life (health utility) scores in patients with diabetes receiving insulin degludec (IDeg) or insulin glargine (IGlar).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient-level data from six, randomized, controlled, open-label, multicentre, confirmatory, treat-to-target trials of 26- or 52 weeks' duration were pooled in this analysis. The Short Form 36 (SF-36) version-2 health questionnaire was completed by patients at baseline and end-of-trial. SF-36 scores for 4001 individual patients were then mapped onto the EuroQol-5D health utility scale, which has a range from -0.59 (a state worse than death) to 1.00 (perfect health).
  
  
  RESULTS
  IDeg treatment exhibited a significant improvement in health status of 0.005 (CI: 0.0006; 0.009) points compared with IGlar (p < 0.024). Gender, region, trial and age also had a significant influence on estimated utility scores as did baseline utility scores, p < 0.05. Prior to the removal of interaction variables a difference of 0.008 points was observed, p < 0.045. Previous insulin treatment did not have an impact on the final outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that IDeg is associated with a modest, but statistically significant, improvement in health utility compared with IGlar in patients with diabetes.
authors: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Medical School, London, UK. nicholas.freemantle@ucl.ac.uk
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Freemantle
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Evans
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Christensen
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Wolden
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Bjorner
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C571886:insulin degludec