title: Quantitative solid phase microextraction - gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of the pesticides lindane, heptachlor and two heptachlor transformation products in groundwater.
abstract: This paper describes the development and validation of a method for the determination of lindane, heptachlor and two heptachlor transformation products (exo- and endo-heptachlor epoxide) in groundwater. Samples were extracted using a simple solid phase microextraction (SPME) method with a polyacrylate fibre prior to detection by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in electron impact ionisation mode (GC-EI-MS). The linearity of the method ranged from 0.015 to 5.0 μg L(-1), with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. Recoveries ranged from 96 to 101% at several fortification levels with all coefficients of variation (CV%) less than 10.5%. The method was validated to the permitted limits laid down in the European Union drinking water directive (98/83/EC). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.015 μg L(-1) in groundwater samples. Samples had to be analysed within 24h of collection otherwise degradation occurred and disposable SPME polyacrylate fibres lasted up to 51 injections. Both endo-heptachlor epoxide and lindane were detected in groundwater samples with concentrations ranging between 0.033 and 0.048 μg L(-1).
authors: Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Environmental Research Centre, Co Wexford, Ireland.
authors: Sarah-Louise
authors: SL
authors: McManus
authors: Catherine E
authors: CE
authors: Coxon
authors: Karl G
authors: KG
authors: Richards
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Danaher
mesh_terms: D004355:Drug Stability; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D006533:Heptachlor / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006534:Heptachlor Epoxide; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006534:Heptachlor Epoxide; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D006533:Heptachlor