title: Long-term effects of aerobic training versus combined aerobic and resistance training in modifying cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy elderly men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to compare different modes of exercise in chronic modification of cardiovascular diseases risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 healthy elderly men were randomly assigned to an aerobic training group (n = 15, aged 71.7 ± 4.7 years), a combined (aerobic and resistance) training group (n = 16, aged 68.5 ± 3.5 years) and a control group (n = 17, aged 67.0 ± 5.8 years). Both training programs were of moderate-to-vigorous intensity, 3 days per week for 9 months. Primary outcome measures included body composition, blood pressure and lipid profile. Odds ratios (OR) between hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia were calculated. The independence between risk factors, aggregation and group factor was tested (baseline vs post-test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant aggregation between hypertension and obesity (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.24-5.33). After 32 weeks, there was a significant change in the number of hypertensive (χ(2) = 8.1, P = 0.004) and dyslipidemic (χ(2) = 3.9, P = 0.049) participants, and also a favorable modification in the risk factors aggregation (χ(2) = 7.9, P = 0.019), but only in the combined training group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined aerobic and resistance training is more effective in the chronic modification of blood pressure and lipid profile, and in the reduction of total risk factors aggregated.
authors: Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors: Nelson
authors: N
authors: Sousa
authors: Romeu
authors: R
authors: Mendes
authors: Catarina
authors: C
authors: Abrantes
authors: Jaime
authors: J
authors: Sampaio
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055070:Resistance Training; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: cardiovascular diseases; combined training; prolonged exercise; risk factors