title: Does infertility treatment increase male reproductive tract disorder?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between assisted human reproduction and male reproductive disorders in infants conceived by this means.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2008 and December 2011, 15,332 neonates were born in our hospital. We assessed the birth weight, gestational age, and other characteristics of the 7752 male infants and determined the association between methods of conception and male reproductive disorders in the infants. We also analyzed the influence of male factor on the occurrence of these disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-nine newborns (1.3%) were diagnosed with cryptorchidism, 8 (0.1%) were diagnosed with hypospadias, and 4 (0.05%) were diagnosed with both. Cryptorchidism was more common in children conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF) and IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI; P <.05), and hypospadias was more common in children conceived through IVF/ICSI (P <.05). Children conceived through intrauterine insemination (IUI), IVF, and IVF/ICSI had higher rates of low birth weight and preterm birth. Logistic regression analysis showed that low birth weight and preterm birth were significantly associated with male reproductive disorders, whereas the method of conception was not. Male factor was not significantly associated with these disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVF and IVF/ICSI increase the risks of low birth weight and preterm birth, resulting in increased rates of hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Male factor was not associated with reproductive disorders in male infants.
authors: Department of Urology, Fertility Center, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jeong Kyoon
authors: JK
authors: Bang
authors: Sang Woo
authors: SW
authors: Lyu
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Choi
authors: Dong Ryul
authors: DR
authors: Lee
authors: Tae Ki
authors: TK
authors: Yoon
authors: Seung-Hun
authors: SH
authors: Song
mesh_terms: D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D007246:Infertility / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000009:adverse effects*