title: Effect of porcine follicular fluid proteins and peptides on oocyte maturation and their subsequent effect on in vitro fertilization.
abstract: The follicular fluid (FF) is a microenvironment that contains molecules involved in oocyte maturation, ovulation, and fertilization. Characterizing the proteins and peptides present in the FF could be useful for determining which proteins and peptides to use as a supplement for culture media. Biologically active peptides produced during the maturation or degradation of functional proteins are called cryptides. The aim of this study was to identify the proteins and cryptides in porcine FF that could stimulate porcine oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) when added to culture maturation medium. Five FF protein fractions (F1-F5) were obtained by ionic exchange chromatography, resolved by SDS-PAGE, and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. These fractions had effects on IVM and/or IVF. The F1 fraction, which was composed of immunoglobulin fragments, cytokeratin, transferrin, and plasminogen precursor increased IVM and IVF. The F2, F3, and F4 fractions reduced the percentage of oocytes in first metaphase. Additionally, the F3 fraction, which was composed of immunoglobulins and transthyretin, interfered with germinal vesicle breakdown. The F5 fraction, which was mainly composed of serum albumin and keratin, favored germinal vesicle breakdown and promoted IVM. Most of the 31 proteins which were associated with the immune response and inflammatory processes could be related to oocyte maturation and fertilization. Some of the identified proteins were present in more than one fraction; this could be explained by a change in their isoelectric points, because of the loss of part of the amino acid sequence or a change in the glycosylation status of the protein. Improved oocyte IVM and IVF will increase embryo production, which in turn will contribute to the efficiency of assisted reproduction in various mammalian species.
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México Distrito Federal, México.
authors: Yvonne
authors: Y
authors: Ducolomb
authors: Humberto
authors: H
authors: González-Márquez
authors: Reyna
authors: R
authors: Fierro
authors: Irma
authors: I
authors: Jiménez
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Casas
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Flores
authors: Edmundo
authors: E
authors: Bonilla
authors: Zayil
authors: Z
authors: Salazar
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Betancourt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins