title: Difficulties in functioning 1 year after injury: the role of preinjury sociodemographic and health characteristics, health care and injury-related factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the role of preinjury sociodemographic and health characteristics, injury and injury-related health care characteristics in determining functional outcomes 12 months after injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study involving 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study participants (N=2282; age range, 18-64y inclusive) were those in the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study who completed the 12-month interview. The original cohort of 2856 were injured and registered with New Zealand's national no-fault injury insurance agency. With the exception of injury and hospitalization, information on predictors and outcomes was obtained directly from the participants, primarily by telephone interviews, approximately 3 and 12 months after their injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The functional outcomes of interest were the 5 dimensions of the EQ-5D plus a cognitive dimension. Our multivariate analyses included adjustment for preinjury EQ-5D status and time between injury and the 12-month interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial portions of participants continued to have adverse outcomes, especially pain/discomfort, 12 months after their injury. The significance of factors varied by outcome. Factors adversely associated with at least 3 of the 6 outcomes were preinjury EQ-5D status, being female, aged 45 to 64 years, inadequate household income, preinjury disability, 2 or more prior chronic illnesses, smoking regularly, dislocation or sprains to the spine or upper extremities, and having a relatively severe injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A range of preinjury sociodemographic and health characteristics are associated with several adverse functional outcomes 1 year after injury, independent of the nature and severity of injury. The latter, however, also have independent effects on the outcomes.
authors: Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Langley
authors: Gabrielle
authors: G
authors: Davie
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Wilson
authors: Rebbecca
authors: R
authors: Lilley
authors: Shanthi
authors: S
authors: Ameratunga
authors: Emma
authors: E
authors: Wyeth
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Derrett
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003071:Cognition; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012648:Self Care; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D055815:Young Adult