title: The frequency and pattern of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in type 2 DM patients in a diabetic clinic in Enugu South-East Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency, pattern and grades of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in type 2 diabetic patients in a diabetes mellitus (DM) clinic in Enugu South-East Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study of seventy (70) type 2 diabetic patients attending a DM clinic in Enugu South-East Nigeria was carried out. Cardiac autonomic function was determined using a battery of 5 noninvasive tests which include; Heart rate response (HRR) to Valsalva manoeuvre, HRR to deep breathing, HRR to standing, Resting heart rate, and Blood pressure (BP) response to standing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in type 2 diabetic patients was 44.3%. Resting tachycardia was the most specific, HRR to Valsalva manoeuvre was most sensitive while BP response to standing had the best positive predictive value in detecting cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a common complication in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients seen at Enugu. It is therefore recommended that tonomic function tests be part of the standard care of type 2 diabetic patients and appropriate management instituted for both primary and secondary prevention.
authors: Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku, Ozalla, P.M.B 01129 Enugu, Nigeria. drezeconauth@yahoo.com
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Eze
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Onwuekwe
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ogunniyi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult