title: The Kennedy Krieger Independence Scales-Spina Bifida Version: a measure of executive components of self-management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Successful implementation of functional self-care skills depends upon adequate executive functioning; however, many scales assessing adaptive skills do not address the inherent executive burden of these tasks. This omission is especially relevant for individuals with spina bifida, for whom medical self-care tasks impose a significant burden requiring initiation and prospective memory. The Kennedy Krieger Independence Scales-Spina Bifida Version (KKIS-SB) is a caregiver-reported measure designed to address this gap; it assesses skills for managing both typical and spina bifida-related daily self-care demands, with a focus on the timely and independent initiation of adaptive skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 100 youth and young adults with spina bifida completed the KKIS-SB. Exploratory factor analysis and Pearson's correlations were used to assess the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of the KKIS-SB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scale demonstrates excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .891). Exploratory factor analysis yielded four factors, explaining 65.1% of the total variance. Two primary subscales were created, initiation of routines and prospective memory, which provide meaningful clinical information regarding management of a variety of typical (e.g., get up on time, complete daily hygiene routines on time) and spina bifida-specific self-care tasks (e.g., begin self-catheterization on time, perform self-examination for pressure sores).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based upon internal consistency estimates and correlations with measures of similar constructs, initial data suggest good preliminary reliability and validity of the KKIS-SB.
authors: Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. jacobson@kennedykrieger.org
authors: Lisa A
authors: LA
authors: Jacobson
authors: Reem A
authors: RA
authors: Tarazi
authors: Mark D
authors: MD
authors: McCurdy
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Schultz
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Levey
authors: E Mark
authors: EM
authors: Mahone
authors: T Andrew
authors: TA
authors: Zabel
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology*; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult