title: Role of relationship between HbA1c, fibrinogen and HDL-cholesterol on cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), fibrinogen and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated i) the relationship of HbA1c, fibrinogen and HDL-c in 375 coronary artery disease (CAD)-negative and 320 CAD-positive diabetic patients and ii) the association between clustering of these three factors and incident major cardiovascular events in 317/320 CAD-positive patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  i) The relationships between HbA1c and both fibrinogen and HDL-c and between HDL-c and fibrinogen were significant only in CAD-positive patients (β = 10.655, p = 0.002; β = -1.056, p = 0.013; β = -1.751, p = 0.000008, respectively); ii) patients with worse-than-median levels of the three factors showed higher risk for major cardiovascular events than others (HR: 2.22, 95%CI = 1.23-4.02, p = 0.008). Both findings were independent of LDL-c, blood pressure or ongoing therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest interwoven actions of poor glycemic control, low grade inflammation and low HDL-c on atherosclerotic processes in type 2 diabetes.
authors: Unit of Endocrinology, Scientific Institute Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Pacilli
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: De Cosmo
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Trischitta
authors: Simonetta
authors: S
authors: Bacci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005340:Fibrinogen; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human