title: Miscellaneous syndromes and their management: occult breast cancer, breast cancer in pregnancy, male breast cancer, surgery in stage IV disease.
abstract: Surgical therapy for occult breast cancer has traditionally centered on mastectomy; however, breast conservation with whole breast radiotherapy followed by axillary lymph node dissection has shown equivalent results. Patients with breast cancer in pregnancy can be safely and effectively treated; given a patient's pregnancy trimester and stage of breast cancer, a clinician must be able to guide therapy accordingly. Male breast cancer risk factors show strong association with BRCA2 mutations, as well as Klinefelter syndrome. Several retrospective trials of surgical therapy in stage IV breast cancer have associated a survival advantage with primary site tumor extirpation.
authors: Department of General Surgery, Atlanta Medical Center, 303 Parkway Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30312, USA. acolfr@gmail.com
authors: Alfred John
authors: AJ
authors: Colfry
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008408:Mastectomy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents