title: Review series: The functions and consequences of force at kinetochores.
abstract: Chromosome segregation requires the generation of force at the kinetochore-the multiprotein structure that facilitates attachment of chromosomes to spindle microtubules. This force is required both to move chromosomes and to signal the formation of proper bioriented attachments. To understand the role of force in these processes, it is critical to define how force is generated at kinetochores, the contributions of this force to chromosome movement, and how the kinetochore is structured and organized to withstand and respond to force. Classical studies and recent work provide a framework to dissect the mechanisms, functions, and consequences of force at kinetochores.
authors: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 0214, USA.
authors: Florencia
authors: F
authors: Rago
authors: Iain M
authors: IM
authors: Cheeseman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D008938:Mitosis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D004247:DNA