title: New agents in the arsenal to fight castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: Prior to 2010, the treatment options for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) were limited. In the past 3 years, four new agents have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in CRPC. These four agents differ in their mechanisms of action and highlight the progress made in our understanding of CRPC, and more importantly, provide options with proven clinical benefit. This review examines the development, investigational evolution, adverse events, and future direction of: 1) the androgen receptor inhibitor, enzalutamide, 2) androgen biosynthesis inhibitor, abiraterone, 3) novel taxane chemotherapy, cabazitaxel, and 4) autologous immunotherapeutic agent, sipuleucel-T.
authors: Hematology/Oncology Department, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA. Erin.ezzell@amedd.army.mil
authors: Erin E
authors: EE
authors: Ezzell
authors: Kuang S
authors: KS
authors: Chang
authors: Benjamin J
authors: BJ
authors: George
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000736:Androstenes; D000737:Androstenols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010669:Phenylthiohydantoin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D043823:Taxoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000736:Androstenes; D000737:Androstenols; D001549:Benzamides; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D009570:Nitriles; D043823:Taxoids; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D010669:Phenylthiohydantoin; C552428:cabazitaxel; C511774:sipuleucel-T; C540278:enzalutamide; C089740:abiraterone