title: Human exposure to mycotoxins and their masked forms through cereal-based foods in Belgium.
abstract: In the present study, a quantitative dietary exposure assessment of mycotoxins and their masked forms was conducted on a national representative sample of the Belgian population using the contamination data of cereal-based foods. Cereal-based food products (n=174) were analysed for the occurrence of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, T-2-toxin, HT-2-toxin, and their respective masked forms, including, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, zearalenone-4-glucoside, α-zearalenol-4-glucoside, β-zearalenol-4-glucoside and zearalenone-4-sulfate. Fibre-enriched bread, bran-enriched bread, breakfast cereals, popcorn and oatmeal were collected in Belgian supermarkets according to a structured sampling plan and analysed during the period from April 2010 to October 2011. The habitual intake of these food groups was estimated from a national representative food intake survey. According to a probabilistic exposure analysis, the mean (and P95) mycotoxin intake for the sum of the deoxynivalenol-equivalents, zearalenone-equivalents, and the sum of HT-2-and T-2-toxin for all cereal-based foods was 0.1162 (0.4047, P95), 0.0447 (0.1568, P95) and 0.0258 (0.0924, P95) μg kg(-1)body weight day(-1), respectively. These values were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) levels for deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxin (1.0, 0.25 and 0.1 μg kg(-1)body weight day(-1), respectively). The absolute level exceeding the TDI for all cereal-based foods was calculated, and recorded 0.85%, 2.75% and 4.11% of the Belgian population, respectively.
authors: Department of Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. marthe.deboevre@Ugent.be
authors: Marthe
authors: M
authors: De Boevre
authors: Liesbeth
authors: L
authors: Jacxsens
authors: Carl
authors: C
authors: Lachat
authors: Mia
authors: M
authors: Eeckhout
authors: José Diana
authors: JD
authors: Di Mavungu
authors: Kris
authors: K
authors: Audenaert
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Maene
authors: Geert
authors: G
authors: Haesaert
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Kolsteren
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: De Meulenaer
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: De Saeger
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D001939:Bread / Q000382:microbiology; D062408:Breakfast; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004032:Diet; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000382:microbiology*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000382:microbiology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins