title: End-of-life care discussions with nonmalignant respiratory disease patients: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with nonmalignant respiratory diseases have limited access to palliative care services and health professionals do not adequately address discussions about end-of-life care preferences.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this systematic literature review was to highlight key components and challenges for patients and health professionals discussing end-of-life care in nonmalignant respiratory disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mixed methods systematic review was conducted. Included studies were assessed for quality and data were synthesized thematically, while original data were presented in tabular form.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, CINAHL, BNI, ASSIA, PsycINFO, Science Direct, and Web of Science were searched (1999-2010) for studies on end-of-life discussions. Additional studies were identified by hand searching key journals and reference lists of included articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen studies were identified. Three themes involving components and challenges in end-of-life discussions were identified: the discussion, the health professional/patient relationship, and patient perceptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  End-of-life discussions should be initiated by health professionals, who must be aware of patient expectations regarding palliative care and end-of-life care planning. Efforts must be made to develop relationships with patients with terminal illness and allow sufficient time to discuss the end of life during clinical encounters. Future research should address palliative care uptake in nonmalignant disease and implications for health education should be addressed.
authors: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Education and Society, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom. nicole.stephen@plymouth.ac.uk
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Stephen
authors: Heather
authors: H
authors: Skirton
authors: Valerie
authors: V
authors: Woodward
authors: Samantha
authors: S
authors: Prigmore
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Endacott
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D013727:Terminal Care