title: Association between prostate cancer and urinary calculi: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Understanding the reasons underlying the emerging trend and the changing demographics of Asian prostate cancer (PC) has become an important field of study. This study set out to explore the possibility that urinary calculi (UC) and PC may share an association by conducting a case-control study on a population-based database in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases of this study included 2,900 subjects ≥ 40 years-old who had received their first-time diagnosis of PC and 14,500 randomly selected controls without PC. Conditional logistic regressions were employed to explore the association between PC and having been previously diagnosed with UC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that prior UC was found among 608 (21.0%) cases and 2,037 (14.1%) controls (p<0.001). Conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to controls, the odds ratio (OR) of prior UC for cases was 1.63 (95% CI = 1.47-1.80). Furthermore, we found that cases were more likely to have been previously diagnosed with kidney calculus (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.42-2.05), bladder calculus (OR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.32-3.23), unspecified calculus (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.37-2.00), and ≥2 locations of UC (OR = 1.73; 1.47-2.02) than controls. However, there was no significant relationship between PC and prior ureter calculus. We also found that of the patients with UC, there was no significant difference between PC and treatment method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This investigation detected an association between PC and prior UC. These results highlight a potential target population for PC screening.
authors: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors: Shiu-Dong
authors: SD
authors: Chung
authors: Shih-Ping
authors: SP
authors: Liu
authors: Herng-Ching
authors: HC
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*