title: Acute and chronic toxicity study of the water accommodated fraction (WAF), chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of crude oil and dispersant in the rock pool copepod Tigriopus japonicus.
abstract: We determined the toxicity of the water accommodated hydrocarbon fraction (WAF), two chemically enhanced WAFs (CEWAFs; CEWAF-C, Crude oil+Corexit 9500 and CEWAF-H, Crude oil+Hiclean) of crude oil and two dispersants (Corexit 9500 and Hiclean) to the rock pool copepod Tigriopus japonicus. In the acute toxicity test, Corexit 9500 was the most toxic of all the chemicals studied. The nauplius stage of T. japonicus was more susceptible to the toxic chemicals studied than the adult female. The toxicity data using the nauplius stage was then considered as baseline to determine the spiking concentration of chemicals for chronic toxicity tests on the copepod. As the endpoints in the chronic toxicity test, survival, sex ratio, developmental time and fecundity of the copepod were used. All chemicals used in this study resulted in increased toxicity in the F1 generation. The lowest-observed-adverse-effect (LOAE) concentrations of WAF, CEWAF-H, CEWAF-C, Hiclean and Corexit 9500 were observed to be 50%, 10%, 0.1%, 1% and 1%, respectively. The results in present study imply that copepods in marine may be negatively influenced by spilled oil and dispersant.
authors: South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 391 Jangmok-myon, Geoje-shi 656-834, South Korea.
authors: Kyun-Woo
authors: KW
authors: Lee
authors: Won Joon
authors: WJ
authors: Shim
authors: Un Hyuk
authors: UH
authors: Yim
authors: Jung-Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D033342:Copepoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012744:Sex Ratio; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010578:Petroleum; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C470995:corexit 9500
keywords: CEWAF; Copepod; Dispersant; Life cycle test; Tigriopus japonicus; WAF