title: The golden ratio in facial symmetry.
abstract: Symmetry is believed to be a hallmark of appealing faces. However, this does not imply that the most aesthetically pleasing proportions are necessary those that arise from the simple division of the face into thirds or fifths. Based on the etymology of the word symmetry, as well as on specific examples and theories of beauty, we conclude that &#966;-value, a ratio also known as the golden ratio or the divine proportion, can also characterize symmetrical forms. Therefore, we propose the utilization of this ratio in facial aesthetics.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklio, Greece. eprokopakis@gmail.com
authors: E P
authors: EP
authors: Prokopakis
authors: I M
authors: IM
authors: Vlastos
authors: V A
authors: VA
authors: Picavet
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Nolst Trenite
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Thomas
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Cingi
authors: P W
authors: PW
authors: Hellings
mesh_terms: D001154:Art; D001504:Beauty; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D019368:Nature; D012928:Social Desirability