title: PRAME-induced inhibition of retinoic acid receptor signaling-mediated differentiation--a possible target for ATRA response in AML without t(15;17).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) without retinoic acid receptor (RAR) rearrangement, the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is still poorly understood despite an association of NPM1 mutation and ATRA response. Recently, preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has been shown to be a dominant repressor of RAR signaling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thus, we further investigated ATRA response mechanisms, especially the impact of PRAME expression on ATRA responsiveness. We profiled gene expression in diagnostic samples derived from our AML HD98B trial, in which ATRA was administered in addition to intensive chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data revealed a PRAME expression-associated gene pattern to be significantly enriched for genes involved in the retinoic acid metabolic process. In leukemia cell line models, we could show that retinoic acid-regulated cell proliferation and differentiation are impacted by PRAME expression. In patients with primary AML, repressor activity of high-PRAME levels might be overcome by the addition of ATRA as indicated by better outcome in 2 independent studies (P = 0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRAME seems to impair differentiation and to increase proliferation likely via blocking RAR signaling, which might be reversed by ATRA. PRAME therefore represents a promising target for both ATRA treatment and possibly future immunotherapeutic approaches in AML.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Bullinger
authors: Richard F
authors: RF
authors: Schlenk
authors: Marlies
authors: M
authors: Götz
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Botzenhardt
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Hofmann
authors: Annika C
authors: AC
authors: Russ
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Babiak
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Vanessa
authors: V
authors: Schneider
authors: Konstanze
authors: K
authors: Döhner
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Schmitt
authors: Hartmut
authors: H
authors: Döhner
authors: Jochen
authors: J
authors: Greiner
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059467:Transcriptome; D014178:Translocation, Genetic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C000716967:NPM1 protein, human; C404944:PRAME protein, human; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D014212:Tretinoin