title: Percutaneous interventions on the hemodialysis reliable outflow vascular access device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the outcomes of percutaneous interventions for prolonging the patency of the Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2007 and August 2011, 73 percutaneous interventions were performed on 26 HeRO devices in 25 patients. The graft was implanted in the upper arm with the outflow catheter tip in the superior vena cava or right atrium. Procedural reports, angiographic images, and clinical notes were retrospectively reviewed. The primary and secondary patency rates after intervention were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time from HeRO implantation to initial dysfunction or thrombosis was 171 days. In 60 (82%) procedures, the HeRO device was thrombosed. An intragraft stenosis was the most common lesion identified (59%; n = 43) followed by an arterial anastomosis stenosis identified in 18% (n = 13). In 22% (n = 16) of procedures in which the HeRO device was thrombosed, an underlying cause was not identified after thrombectomy. The 3-, 6-, and 12-month primary patency rates after intervention were 47%, 37%, and 26% for first-time interventions. The secondary patency rates were 80%, 70%, and 64%. The only complication was pulmonary embolism resulting in death 2 days after HeRO thrombectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous interventions on thrombosed and failing HeRO devices yielded acceptable primary and secondary patency rates after intervention in these patients with few, if any, alternatives for hemodialysis access.
authors: Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Duke North, Room 1502, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Gebhard
authors: Joshua A
authors: JA
authors: Bryant
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Adam Grezaffi
authors: Waleska M
authors: WM
authors: Pabon-Ramos
authors: Shawn M
authors: SM
authors: Gage
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Miller
authors: Kurt W
authors: KW
authors: Husum
authors: Paul V
authors: PV
authors: Suhocki
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Sopko
authors: Jeffrey H
authors: JH
authors: Lawson
authors: Tony P
authors: TP
authors: Smith
authors: Charles Y
authors: CY
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D062905:Central Venous Catheters; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017131:Thrombectomy; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D056824:Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator