title: Modern concepts concerning the origin of the heartbeat.
abstract: Physiological processes governing the heart beat have been under investigation for several hundred years. Major advances have been made in the recent past. A review of the present paradigm is presented here, including a look back at important steps that led us to where we are today, alongside a glimpse into the exciting future of pacemaker research.
authors: Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors: Oliver
authors: O
authors: Monfredi
authors: Victor A
authors: VA
authors: Maltsev
authors: Edward G
authors: EG
authors: Lakatta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans