title: Novel insights into the biology of interleukin-32.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-32 is known as a proinflammatory cytokine that is likely involved in several diseases, including infections, chronic inflammation, and cancer. Since the first report in 2005, IL-32 has been the subject of numerous studies to unravel the biological function of this molecule. For example, silencing of endogenous IL-32 in primary or cell lines of human origin consistently suppressed responses to Toll-like receptors. The protein folding structure of the six isoforms of IL-32 does not resemble that of any classical cytokine and as of this writing, a specific IL-32 receptor has not been identified. Instead, we propose a mechanism by which exposure to extracellular IL-32 or overexpression of the molecule results in binding to intracellular partners that influences functions such as gene expression, cell death, or survival. As such, this review offers insights into the role of IL-32 in several diseases, host defense, inflammation, immune function, and cancer. Finally, possibilities to target IL-32 in several diseases are proposed.
authors: Department of Medicine (463), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein zuid 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, l.joosten@aig.umcn.nl.
authors: Leo A B
authors: LA
authors: Joosten
authors: Bas
authors: B
authors: Heinhuis
authors: Mihai G
authors: MG
authors: Netea
authors: Charles A
authors: CA
authors: Dinarello
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000276:immunology*; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000276:immunology; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012213:Rheumatic Fever / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha