title: Patterns of use and reasons for discontinuation of prophylactic medications for episodic migraine and chronic migraine: results from the second international burden of migraine study (IBMS-II).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to characterize patterns of preventive medication use in persons with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several classes of medications are used both on- and off-label for the prevention of migraine, including β-blockers (eg, propranolol, timolol), tricyclic antidepressants (eg, amitriptyline), anti-epileptic drugs (eg, topiramate, valproic acid), and neurotoxins (eg, onabotulinumtoxinA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Preventive medication use and reasons for discontinuation were collected in an international, Web-based, cross-sectional survey of adults with migraine during 2010. Descriptive analyses were conducted on demographics and headache-related disability as measured by the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, stratified by use of preventive medication, and EM or CM. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess predictors of preventive medication use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand one hundred and sixty-five respondents completed the survey. Only 28.3% of EM and 44.8% of CM respondents were currently using preventive medication; any use of prophylaxis (prior or current) was reported by 43.4% of those with EM and 65.9% with CM. The mean number of prophylactic medications ever used was 2.92 for EM and 3.94 for CM. Antidepressants were used most frequently (EM 60.9%; CM 54.7%), followed by β-blockers (EM 35.4%; CM 36.8%) and anti-epileptics (EM 28.6%; CM 36.3%). Odds of preventive medication use were higher among CM than EM, adjusting for age, gender, race, years of daily headache, and country (odds ratio 2.72; 95% confidence interval 2.15 to 3.57). Greater headache-related disability and older age were also associated with greater odds of ever having used prophylaxis, regardless of headache frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less than half the persons with EM and CM were currently using preventive medication for migraine, with treatment rates being higher for CM, as expected. Those with CM tried more medications than those with EM, possibly reflecting higher levels of treatment need.
authors: Neurology Center, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA. blumenfeld@neurocenter.com
authors: Andrew M
authors: AM
authors: Blumenfeld
authors: Lisa M
authors: LM
authors: Bloudek
authors: Werner J
authors: WJ
authors: Becker
authors: Dawn C
authors: DC
authors: Buse
authors: Sepideh F
authors: SF
authors: Varon
authors: Gregory A
authors: GA
authors: Maglinte
authors: Teresa K
authors: TK
authors: Wilcox
authors: Ariane K
authors: AK
authors: Kawata
authors: Richard B
authors: RB
authors: Lipton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics