title: Adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines for cancer prevention is associated with lower mortality among older female cancer survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guidelines encourage cancer survivors to follow its cancer prevention recommendations. We evaluated whether adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines for cancer prevention was associated with lower mortality among older female cancer survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2004 to 2009, 2,017 participants in the Iowa Women's Health Study who had a confirmed cancer diagnosis (1986-2002) and completed the 2004 follow-up questionnaire were followed. Adherence scores for the WCRF/AICR guidelines for body weight, physical activity, and diet were computed assigning one, 0.5 or 0 points to each of eight recommendations depending on the degree of adherence. All-cause (n = 461), cancer-specific (n = 184), and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality (n = 145) were compared by the total adherence score and by adherence scores for each of the three components of the recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with the highest (6-8) versus lowest (0-4) adherence score had lower all-cause mortality [HR = 0.67; 95% confidence of interval (CI), 0.50-0.94]. Meeting the physical activity recommendation was associated with lower all-cause (Ptrend < 0.0001), cancer-specific (Ptrend = 0.04), and CVD-specific mortality (Ptrend = 0.03). Adherence to dietary recommendations was associated with lower all-cause mortality (Ptrend < 0.05), whereas adherence to the body weight recommendation was associated with higher all-cause mortality (Ptrend = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines was associated with lower all-cause mortality among older female cancer survivors. Adherence to the physical activity recommendation had the strongest association with lower all-cause and disease-specific mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older cancer survivors may decrease their risk of death by leading a healthy lifestyle after a cancer diagnosis.
authors: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. inou0021@umn.edu
authors: Maki
authors: M
authors: Inoue-Choi
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Robien
authors: DeAnn
authors: D
authors: Lazovich
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017741:Survivors