title: Safety evaluation of glucose oxidase from Penicillium chrysogenum.
abstract: Glucose oxidase (β-d-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.2.3.4) is used in the food and beverage industry as a preservative and stabilizer and is commonly derived from the fungus Aspergillus niger. Although the safety of glucose oxidase preparations from A. niger is well-established, the use of preparations derived from other fungal species is of interest; however, an assessment of their safety is warranted. Here, we report on the safety of a glucose oxidase preparation derived from the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum (designated as PGO) for commercial use in food processing, as well as an ingredient in food. In a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study conducted in rats, PGO was without compound-related adverse effects at doses of up to 15,600U/kg body weight/day, equivalent to 193mg total organic solids/kg body weight/day. In addition, PGO was non-genotoxic in a series of genotoxicity tests, including a bacterial reverse mutation test, an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and a combined in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test and comet assay. The results of these studies support the safe use of PGO in food for human consumption.
authors: Shin Nihon Chemical Co., Ltd., 19-10 Showa-cho, Anjyo, Aichi 446-0063, Japan.
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Konishi
authors: Takuya
authors: T
authors: Aoshima
authors: Fukutaro
authors: F
authors: Mizuhashi
authors: Sharon S H
authors: SS
authors: Choi
authors: Ashley
authors: A
authors: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D005520:Food Preservatives; D005949:Glucose Oxidase