title: A developmental shift from positive to negative connectivity in human amygdala-prefrontal circuitry.
abstract: Recent human imaging and animal studies highlight the importance of frontoamygdala circuitry in the regulation of emotional behavior and its disruption in anxiety-related disorders. Although tracing studies have suggested changes in amygdala-cortical connectivity through the adolescent period in rodents, less is known about the reciprocal connections within this circuitry across human development, when these circuits are being fine-tuned and substantial changes in emotional control are observed. The present study examined developmental changes in amygdala-prefrontal circuitry across the ages of 4-22 years using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results suggest positive amygdala-prefrontal connectivity in early childhood that switches to negative functional connectivity during the transition to adolescence. Amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity was significantly positive (greater than zero) among participants younger than 10 years, whereas functional connectivity was significantly negative (less than zero) among participants 10 years and older, over and above the effect of amygdala reactivity. The developmental switch in functional connectivity was paralleled by a steady decline in amygdala reactivity. Moreover, the valence switch might explain age-related improvement in task performance and a developmentally normative decline in anxiety. Initial positive connectivity followed by a valence shift to negative connectivity provides a neurobiological basis for regulatory development and may present novel insight into a more general process of developing regulatory connections.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors: Dylan G
authors: DG
authors: Gee
authors: Kathryn L
authors: KL
authors: Humphreys
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Flannery
authors: Bonnie
authors: B
authors: Goff
authors: Eva H
authors: EH
authors: Telzer
authors: Mor
authors: M
authors: Shapiro
authors: Todd A
authors: TA
authors: Hare
authors: Susan Y
authors: SY
authors: Bookheimer
authors: Nim
authors: N
authors: Tottenham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000679:Amygdala / Q000098:blood supply / Q000254:growth & development*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000254:growth & development*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen