title: Real-time analysis of membrane permeabilizing effects of oleanane saponins.
abstract: Saponins are a group of plant and marine derived glycosides with numerous biological functions. Two important characteristics of certain plant saponins are their ability to enhance cytotoxicity of type I ribosome inactivating proteins and stimulation of the immune system. The main objective of the present study was to investigate in real-time the permeabilizing effects of saponins on cell membrane. A set of oleanane saponins (glycyrrhizinic acid, Gypsophila, Saponaria and Quillaja saponins) and a steroid saponin (digitonin) were tested. The effects of these saponins on lysosomal membranes and hemolysis, along with their charge were also studied. Real-time monitoring of cell membrane permeabilization facilitated a highly sensitive analysis of the cellular kinetics. Saponins showed variable permeabilizing effects on cellular and lysosomal membranes at concentrations from 6 μM and hemolysis from 3 μM. Further, the results suggest that charge of the saponin may be relevant for permeabilizing effects of oleanane saponins.
authors: Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany.
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Gilabert-Oriol
authors: Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany.
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Mergel
authors: Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany.
authors: Mayank
authors: M
authors: Thakur
authors: Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany.
authors: Benedicta
authors: B
authors: von Mallinckrodt
authors: Institut für Pharmazie-Pharmazeutische Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors: Matthias F
authors: MF
authors: Melzig
authors: Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: hendrik.fuchs@charite.de.
authors: Hendrik
authors: H
authors: Fuchs
authors: Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: alexander.weng@charite.de.
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Weng
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004586:Electrophoresis; D006801:Humans; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012503:Saponins; C413246:oleanane; D009828:Oleanolic Acid