title: Abdominal obesity, independent from caloric intake, accounts for the development of intestinal tumors in Apc(1638N/+) female mice.
abstract: To determine whether visceral fat (VF), independent of other confounders, is causally linked to intestinal tumorigenesis, we surgically removed visceral fat in Apc(1638/N+) mice. At 15 weeks of age, male and female Apc(1638/N+) mice were randomized to one of three groups: ad libitum, visceral fat removal (VF-) and ad libitum fed, or caloric restriction, and were studied for effects on tumorigenesis and survival. As compared with ad libitum, VF- and caloric restriction reduced macroadenomas to a similar extent (P < 0.05), but only caloric restriction significantly improved survival (P < 0.05). Given that a significant group × gender interaction was observed, we next examined males and females separately. In females, macroadenomas were markedly attenuated by VF- (1.33 ± 0.23 mean ± SE; P < 0.05), but not by caloric restriction (2.35 ± 0.25; P = 0.71), as compared with ad libitum (2.50 ± 0.34). In males, however, caloric restriction (1.71 ± 0.26; P < 0.01), but not VF- (2.94 ± 0.42; P = 0.29), reduced macroadenomas, as compared with ad libitum males (3.47 ± 0.30). In females, both VF- (P = 0.05) and caloric restriction (P < 0.01) improved survival, but not in male mice (P = 0.15). The benefits observed with caloric restriction were consistent with favorable metabolic adaptations, but protection conferred in VF- females was despite lower adiponectin levels (P < 0.05), and failure to reduce body mass, total adiposity, glucose, insulin, leptin, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1) levels. In conclusion, these data provide the first causal evidence linking visceral fat to intestinal cancer risk, and suggest that factors, other than known metabolic mediators, may impact tumor development. Furthermore, these data emphasize that strategies designed to deplete visceral fat stores in humans should be considered in the prevention of intestinal cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 6(3); 177-87. ©2012 AACR.
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Golding Building Room 502, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. derek.huffman@einstein.yu.edu
authors: Derek M
authors: DM
authors: Huffman
authors: Leonard H
authors: LH
authors: Augenlicht
authors: Xueying
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Lofrese
authors: Gil
authors: G
authors: Atzmon
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Chamberland
authors: Christos S
authors: CS
authors: Mantzoros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism