title: Holographic optogenetic stimulation of patterned neuronal activity for vision restoration.
abstract: When natural photoreception is disrupted, as in outer-retinal degenerative diseases, artificial stimulation of surviving nerve cells offers a potential strategy for bypassing compromised neural circuits. Recently, light-sensitive proteins that photosensitize quiescent neurons have generated unprecedented opportunities for optogenetic neuronal control, inspiring early development of optical retinal prostheses. Selectively exciting large neural populations are essential for eliciting meaningful perceptions in the brain. Here we provide the first demonstration of holographic photo-stimulation strategies for bionic vision restoration. In blind retinas, we demonstrate reliable holographically patterned optogenetic stimulation of retinal ganglion cells with millisecond temporal precision and cellular resolution. Holographic excitation strategies could enable flexible control over distributed neuronal circuits, potentially paving the way towards high-acuity vision restoration devices and additional medical and scientific neuro-photonics applications.
authors: Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200000, Israel.
authors: Inna
authors: I
authors: Reutsky-Gefen
authors: Lior
authors: L
authors: Golan
authors: Nairouz
authors: N
authors: Farah
authors: Adi
authors: A
authors: Schejter
authors: Limor
authors: L
authors: Tsur
authors: Inbar
authors: I
authors: Brosh
authors: Shy
authors: S
authors: Shoham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006696:Holography / Q000379:methods*; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000502:physiology; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000378:metabolism; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D012243:Rhodopsin