title: Long-term dietary intake and nutritional deficiencies following sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-En-Y gastric bypass in a mediterranean population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on long-term dietary changes and nutritional deficiencies after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in grade 3 obese patients are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively compare dietary changes and nutritional deficiencies in grade 3 obese patients 5 years after SG and Roux-en-y gastric bypass (GBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and fifty-five patients who had SG (n=61) or GBP (n=294) (May 2001-December 2006) at a Spanish university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal, prospective, observational study. PRIMARY OUTCOMES/STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Changes in energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intake, and weight loss were analyzed using mixed models for repeated measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 5-year follow-up visit, the percentage of excess weight loss (P=0.420) and daily energy intake (P=0.826), as well as the proportion of energy from carbohydrates (P=0.303), protein (P=0.600), and fat (P=0.541) did not differ between surgical groups. Energy intake (P=0.004), baseline weight (P<0.001), and time period (P<0.001), but not the proportion of different macronutrients or the type of surgery, independently predicted the percentage excess weight loss over time. After SG or GBP, the mean daily dietary intake of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron was less than the current recommendations. Despite universal supplementation, the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies was comparable after SG or GBP, with 25-hydroxyvitamin D being the most commonly observed deficiency (SG, 93.3% to 100%; GBP, 90.9% to 85.7%, P=not significant). In an adjusted multivariate regression model, energy intake and lipid intake independently predicted plasma 25(OH)-vitamin D levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data show that SG and GBP are associated with similar long-term weight loss with no differences in terms of dietary intake. Furthermore, data demonstrate that both types of surgeries carry comparable nutritional consequences.
authors: Violeta
authors: V
authors: Moizé
authors: Alba
authors: A
authors: Andreu
authors: Lilliam
authors: L
authors: Flores
authors: Ferran
authors: F
authors: Torres
authors: Ainitze
authors: A
authors: Ibarzabal
authors: Salvadora
authors: S
authors: Delgado
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Lacy
authors: Lucía
authors: L
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Josep
authors: J
authors: Vidal
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013030:Spain; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D018977:Micronutrients