title: The severity of experimental arthritis is independent of IL-36 receptor signaling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-36 refers to three related IL-1 family cytokines, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ, that bind to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). IL-36 exerts proinflammatory effects in skin and lung and stimulates T cell responses. In the present study, we examined the expression and function of IL-36R and its ligands in experimental arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), antigen-induced arthritis (AIA), and K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis were induced according to standard protocols. Messenger RNA levels for IL-36R and its ligands in the joints of mice with CIA were determined by RT-qPCR. Mice with CIA were injected with a blocking monoclonal anti-IL-36R, a blocking anti-IL-1RI, or their isotype-matched control antibodies at the time of arthritis onset. Anti-IL-36R or control antibodies were also injected at the time of AIA induction. Finally, IL-36R-deficient mice were examined in AIA and serum transfer-induced arthritis. The development and severity of arthritis were assessed by clinical and histological scoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-36R, IL-36Ra and IL-36γ mRNA were detected in the joints of mice with CIA, but their levels did not correlate with arthritis severity. As opposed to anti-IL-1RI antibody treatment, the injection of an anti-IL-36R antibody was devoid of effect on the development and severity of CIA. The severity of joint inflammation and structural damage in AIA was also unaltered by anti-IL-36R antibody treatment. Finally, the severity of AIA and K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis was similar in IL-36R-deficient and wild-type mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development and severity of experimental arthritis are independent of IL-36R signaling.
authors: Céline
authors: C
authors: Lamacchia
authors: Gaby
authors: G
authors: Palmer
authors: Emiliana
authors: E
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Praxedis
authors: P
authors: Martin
authors: Solenne
authors: S
authors: Vigne
authors: Christian A
authors: CA
authors: Seemayer
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Talabot-Ayer
authors: Jennifer E
authors: JE
authors: Towne
authors: Cem
authors: C
authors: Gabay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; C569500:Il1rl2 protein, mouse