title: The Effectiveness of Short- and Long-Acting Stimulant Medications for Adolescents With ADHD in a Naturalistic Secondary School Setting.
abstract: Stimulant medication is an efficacious and first-line approach to treating ADHD in adolescence. However, less is known about the effectiveness of this approach as a treatment in real-world settings. The complicated nature of the secondary school environment and documented adolescent nonadherence with stimulant medication may undermine the exportability of this approach.
  
  
  
  This study investigates stimulant medication effectiveness and adherence in a sample of adolescents with ADHD who were observed in their natural secondary school environment.
  
  
  
  Results indicated that the effect of stimulant medication on adolescent functioning is smaller in naturalistic settings than in previous analogue studies. Long-acting pemoline produced greater adherence than the short-acting methylphenidate (MPH), but parents and adolescents preferred the short-acting MPH.
  
  
  
  Overall, adolescents reported very low satisfaction with stimulant medication. Findings are discussed.
authors: 1 Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: William E
authors: WE
authors: Pelham
authors: 2 University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
authors: Bradley H
authors: BH
authors: Smith
authors: 3 Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
authors: Steven W
authors: SW
authors: Evans
authors: 4 University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Oscar
authors: O
authors: Bukstein
authors: 1 Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Elizabeth M
authors: EM
authors: Gnagy
authors: 1 Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
authors: Andrew R
authors: AR
authors: Greiner
authors: Margaret H
authors: MH
authors: Sibley
mesh_terms: D000075022:Academic Failure; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008774:Methylphenidate
keywords: ADHD; adolescence; pharmacotherapy