title: Higher fish intake is associated with a lower risk of hip fractures in Chinese men and women: a matched case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fish is rich in nutrients that are favorable to bone health, but limited data are available regarding the relationship between fish intake and hip fractures. Our study examined the association between habitual fish intake and risk of hip fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was performed between June 2009 and June 2012 in Guangdong Province, China. Five hundred and eighty-one hip fracture incident cases, aged 55 to 80 years (mean: 71 years), were enrolled from four hospitals. 1∶1 matched controls by gender and age (±3 years) were also recruited from communities and hospitals. Face-to-face interviews were used to obtain habitual dietary intake and information on various covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate conditional logistic regression analyses showed significantly dose-dependent inverse correlations between the risk of hip fractures and the intake of fresh-water fish, sea fish, mollusca, shellfish, and total fish in all of the subjects (p-trend: <0.001-0.016). After adjusting for covariates, the associations were slightly attenuated but remained significant for all (p-trend: <0.001-0.017) except for fresh-water fish (p = 0.553). The ORs (95%CI) of hip fractures for the highest (vs. lowest) quartile were 0.80 (0.48-1.31) for fresh-water fish, 0.31 (0.18-0.52) for sea fish, 0.55 (0.34-0.88) for mollusca and shellfish, and 0.47 (0.28-0.79) for total fish, respectively. Stratified and interaction analyses showed that the association was more significant in males than in females (p-interaction = 0.052).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher intake of seafood is independently associated with lower risk of hip fractures in elderly Chinese. Increasing consumption of sea fish may benefit the prevention of hip fractures in this population.
authors: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Fan
authors: Wen-Qiong
authors: WQ
authors: Xue
authors: Bao-Hua
authors: BH
authors: Wu
authors: Ming-Guang
authors: MG
authors: He
authors: Hai-Li
authors: HL
authors: Xie
authors: Wei-Fu
authors: WF
authors: Ouyang
authors: Su-Lan
authors: SL
authors: Tu
authors: Yu-Ming
authors: YM
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005396:Fish Products; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012306:Risk