title: Antibacterial effects of silver diamine fluoride on multi-species cariogenic biofilm on caries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has clinical success in arresting dentin caries, this study aimed to investigate its mechanism of action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a computer-controlled artificial mouth, we studied the effect of 38% SDF on cariogenic biofilms and dentin carious lesions. We used five common cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces naeslundii) to form a cariogenic biofilm that generated carious lesions with a depth of approximately 70 um on human dentin blocks. We applied 38% SDF to the lesions in the test group and water to those in the control group. The blocks were incubated in the artificial mouth for 21 days before evaluation. Microbial kinetics, architecture, viability and distribution were evaluated every 7 days using colony forming unit (CFU), scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The physical properties of the carious lesions were evaluated with microhardness testing, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CFU results revealed fewer colony forming units in the test group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy showed less bacterial growth in the test group, and confluent cariogenic biofilm in the control group (p < 0.01). The microhardness and weight percentages of calcium and phosphorus in the test group from the outermost 50mum were higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). EDS showed that calcium and phosphous were higher in outer 50 mum in test groups than in the control FTIR revealed less exposed collagen I in the test lesions compared with the control group (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  38% SDF inhibits multi-species cariogenic biofilm formation on dentin carious lesions and reduces the demineralization process.
authors: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors: May Lei
authors: ML
authors: Mei
authors: Quan-li
authors: QL
authors: Li
authors: Chun-Hung
authors: CH
authors: Chu
authors: Edward Chin-Man
authors: EC
authors: Lo
authors: Lakshman Perera
authors: LP
authors: Samaranayake
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D006801:Humans; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000187:drug effects; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000187:drug effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018030:Silver Compounds; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D018030:Silver Compounds; C024633:silver diamine fluoride