title: Effects of dietary arachidonic acid on cortisol production and gene expression in stress response in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) post-larvae.
abstract: Dietary fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid (ARA), affect cortisol and may influence the expression of genes involved in stress response in fish. The involvement of ARA on stress, lipid, and eicosanoid metabolism genes, in Senegalese sole, was tested. Post-larvae were fed Artemia presenting graded ARA levels (0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.7, and 2.3%, dry matter basis), from 22 to 35 days after hatch. Whole-body cortisol levels were determined, before and 3 h after a 2 min air exposure, as well as the expression of phospholipase A2 (PLA 2 ), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Relative growth rate (6.0-7.8% day(-1)) and survival at the end of the experiment (91-96%) and after stress (100%) were unaffected. Fish reflected dietary ARA content and post-stress cortisol increased with ARA supply up to 1.7%, whereas 2.3% ARA seemed to enhance basal cortisol slightly and alter the response to stress. Results suggested that elevating StAR transcription might not be necessary for a short-term response to acute stress. Basal cortisol and PLA 2 expression were strongly correlated, indicating a potential role for this enzyme in steroidogenesis. Under basal conditions, larval ARA was associated with GR1 expression, whereas the glucocorticoid responsive gene PEPCK was strongly related with cortisol but not GR1 mRNA levels, suggesting the latter might not reflect the amount of GR1 protein in sole. Furthermore, a possible role for PPARα in the expression of PEPCK following acute stress is proposed.
authors: Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal, alvesmartinsd@gmail.com.
authors: Dulce Alves
authors: DA
authors: Martins
authors: Filipa
authors: F
authors: Rocha
authors: Filipa
authors: F
authors: Castanheira
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Mendes
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Pousão-Ferreira
authors: Narcisa
authors: N
authors: Bandarra
authors: Joana
authors: J
authors: Coutinho
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Morais
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Yúfera
authors: Luís E C
authors: LE
authors: Conceição
authors: Gonzalo
authors: G
authors: Martínez-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001156:Artemia / Q000737:chemistry; D019295:Computational Biology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) / Q000378:metabolism; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D015777:Eicosanoids; D047493:PPAR alpha; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP); D006854:Hydrocortisone