title: Heart rate and physical activity patterns in persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.
abstract: Because physical fitness and health are related to physical activity, it is important to gain an insight into the physical activity levels of persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). The purpose of this study was to examine heart rate patterns to measure the activity levels of persons with PIMD and to analyze these heart rate patterns according to participant characteristics, observed level of activity, days, and time of day. The heart rate patterns of 24 participants with PIMD were measured continuously using a heart rate monitor for 8 h · d for a period of 6 days. Physical activity levels were measured with questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multilevel analysis. The results indicate that the participants use only 32% of their heart rate reserve over 6 days. The intensity of heart rate reserve ranged from 1 to 62%. On a given day, wide ranges in heart rates between participants and within persons were observed. Between days, only small ranges in the heart rate were found. The participants could be grouped into 4 classes according to their heart rate. In addition, factors such as time of day, physical activity, and age are significantly related to heart rate patterns. In conclusion, this study is an important first step in exploring activity patterns based on heart rate patterns in persons with PIMD. The participants used relatively small fractions of their heart rate reserves. Time of day and age appear to have a considerable influence on heart rate patterns. The observed classes in heart rate patterns suggest that other probably more personal and psychosocial factors have significant influences on heart rate patterns, as well.
authors: 1Royal Dutch Visio De Brink, Vries, The Netherlands; 2Applied Sciences in Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University, Groningen, The Netherlands; 3Department of Special Needs Education and Child Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; 4Public Health Groningen, Universal Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; 5Behavioural Science Institute Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 6Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; and 7Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Aly
authors: A
authors: Waninge
authors: Annette A J
authors: AA
authors: van der Putten
authors: Roy E
authors: RE
authors: Stewart
authors: Bert
authors: B
authors: Steenbergen
authors: Ruud
authors: R
authors: van Wijck
authors: Cees P
authors: CP
authors: van der Schans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000150:complications; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D009043:Motor Activity; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000150:complications; D055815:Young Adult