title: Signaling pathways that control cell proliferation.
abstract: Cells decide to proliferate or remain quiescent using signaling pathways that link information about the cellular environment to the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Progression through G1 phase is controlled by pRB proteins, which function to repress the activity of E2F transcription factors in cells exiting mitosis and in quiescent cells. Phosphorylation of pRB proteins by the G1 cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) releases E2F factors, promoting the transition to S phase. CDK activity is primarily regulated by the binding of CDK catalytic subunits to cyclin partners and CDK inhibitors. Consequently, both mitogenic and antiproliferative signals exert their effects on cell proliferation through the transcriptional regulation and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of cyclins and CDK inhibitors.
authors: Department of Biology and Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. duronio@med.unc.edu
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Duronio
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Xiong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010766:Phosphorylation; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016213:Cyclins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D025801:Ubiquitin; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex