title: Major themes for 2010 in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia.
abstract: Significant variability in transfusion practice persists despite guidelines. Although the lysine analogues are effective antifibrinolytics, safety concerns exist with high doses tranexamic acid. Despite recombinant activated factor VII promising results in massive bleeding after cardiac surgery, it significantly increases arterial thromboembolic risk. Aortic valve repair may evolve to standard of care. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is an established therapy for aortic stenosis. The cardiovascular anesthesiologist features prominently in the new guidelines for thoracic aortic disease. Although intense angiotensin blockade improves outcomes in heart failure, it might aggravate the maintenance of perioperative systemic vascular tone. Ultrafiltration is an alternative to diuresis for volume overload in heart failure. Management of heart failure titrated to brain natriuretic peptide activity reduces mortality. A major surgical advance has been the significant outcome improvement achieved with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. Advanced liver disease is a significant predictor for perioperative bleeding, transfusion and mortality after ventricular assist device insertion. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome is not only common in patients with these devices but often aggravating bleeding and transfusion in this setting. Metabolic myocardial modulation with perhexilene significantly enhances effort tolerance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A landmark report has highlighted future priorities in this disease. Pediatric cardiac surgical trials have revealed the importance of perioperative cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring and the Sano shunt. Advances in pediatric-specific ventricular assist devices will likely revolutionize pediatric heart failure. Recent reports have highlighted the priorities for future perioperative trials and for training models in pediatric cardiac anesthesia.
authors: Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Riha
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Fassl
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Patel
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Wyckoff
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Choi
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Augoustides
keywords: Blalock-Taussig shunt; Norwood procedure; Sano shunt; angiotensin; aortic aneurysm; aortic dissection; aortic valve; aortic valve repair; cerebral oxygen saturation; congenital heart disease; endovascular aortic repair; guidelines; heart failure; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; metabolic modulator; model for end-stage liver disease; natriuretic peptide; near-infrared spectroscopy; perhexilene; perioperative management; thoracic aorta; transcatheter aortic valve implantation; ultrafiltration; ventricular-assist device; von Willebrand syndrome