title: Direct and indirect effects of obesity on the kidney.
abstract: Over the last few decades, much of the world has experienced an epidemic of obesity. In the year 2008, 1.4 billion people worldwide were overweight, and 500 million were obese. Even more alarming is a fact that in the year 2010, 40 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight or obese. In the same time period, the incidence of CKD has also increased worldwide. Obesity has been recognized as a driving force of another global epidemic-diabetes, the leading cause of ESRD. Recent studies are confirming that in addition to risk associated with diabetes per se, increased body mass index is independently linked to increased risk for various kidney disorders, prominently CKD, but also renal cell carcinoma and nephrolithiasis. The purpose of this article is to review current knowledge regarding adverse effects of obesity on the kidney.
authors: Providence Medical Research Center Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Spokane, WA 99204, USA. Radica.Alicic@Providence.org.
authors: Radica Z
authors: RZ
authors: Alicic
authors: Ramu
authors: R
authors: Patakoti
authors: Katherine R
authors: KR
authors: Tuttle
mesh_terms: D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine