title: Preseason variations in aerobic fitness and performance in elite-standard soccer players: a team study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of individual training loads considered as permanent in selected heart-rate (HR) zones on aerobic fitness and performance in elite professional soccer players. Eighteen professional soccer players were observed during the prechampionship training period (8 weeks). Speeds and HR at 2 and 4 mmol · L blood-lactate concentrations (S2, S4, respectively), VO2max, and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 performance (Yo-Yo IR1) were assessed pretraining and posttraining. Training intensities were categorized using 3 HR zones: low intensity (<HR 2 mmol · L), moderate intensity (between HR 2 and 4 mmol · L), and high intensity (>HR 4 mmol · L). Training-session HRs (n = 900) showed a polarized distribution with 73.6 ± 3.7 (2,945 ± 148 minutes), 19.1 ± 3.5 (763 ± 141 minutes), and 7.3 ± 2.9% (292 ± 116 minutes) of the total training time spent at low, moderate, and high intensities, respectively (p < 0.001). The S2 and S4 significantly improved posttraining (+10 and 7%, respectively, p < 0.001). The VO2max and Yo-Yo IR1 values were 6 and 19.5% higher posttraining, respectively (p < 0.01). Training performed at high intensity was significantly related to relative improvement in S2 (r = 0.78, p = 0.002), S4 (r = 0.60, p = 0.03), VO2max (r = 0.65, p = 0.02), and Yo-Yo IR1 (r = 0.66, p = 0.01). The results of this study provided further evidence for HR longitudinal validity and effectiveness of the high-intensity training (i.e., >90% HRmax) in men's professional soccer. In this regard, the time spent at high intensity should be in the range of 7-8% of the total training time during preseason.
authors: 1Football Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Italian Football Association (FIGC), Technical Department, Coverciano (Florence), Italy; 2Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland; and 3Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization," National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Castagna
authors: Franco M
authors: FM
authors: Impellizzeri
authors: Anis
authors: A
authors: Chaouachi
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Manzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors