title: The intracranial bridging veins: a comprehensive review of their history, anatomy, histology, pathology, and neurosurgical implications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The intracranial bridging veins are pathways crucial for venous drainage of the brain. They are not only involved in pathological conditions but also serve as important landmarks within neurological surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical literature on bridging veins was reviewed in regard to their historical aspects, embryology, histology, anatomy, and surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge on the intracranial bridging veins and their dynamics has evolved over time and is of great significance to the neurosurgeon.
authors: Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors: Martin M
authors: MM
authors: Mortazavi
authors: Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, JFL Bld. 400 TCHA, 1600 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
authors: Meghan
authors: M
authors: Denning
authors: Department of Anatomy, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Bulent
authors: B
authors: Yalcin
authors: Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, JFL Bld. 400 TCHA, 1600 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
authors: Mohammadali M
authors: MM
authors: Shoja
authors: Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada.
authors: Marios
authors: M
authors: Loukas
authors: Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, JFL Bld. 400 TCHA, 1600 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA. shane.tubbs@chsys.org.
authors: R Shane
authors: RS
authors: Tubbs
mesh_terms: D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000293:injuries; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural; D006801:Humans; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures
keywords: Anatomy; Bridging; Intracranial; Veins; Venous