title: Voiding dysfunction after repair of giant trigonal vesicovaginal or urethrovesicovaginal fistulae: A need for long-term follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urodynamic findings of lower urinary tract of women presenting with voiding dysfunction after successful repair of complex trigonal vesicovaginal fistulas at our institute are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective case series, women presenting with voiding dysfunction after successful repair of obstetric fistulae were evaluated. In addition of standard clinical evaluation with history and clinical examination, all underwent kidney-ureter-bladder ultrasonography, renal function test, urine culture, and multichannel urodynamics. The latter consisted of free uroflowmetry, filling and voiding cystometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five women (median age 35 years; range 30-45) presented with difficulty in voiding after the successful repair; two presented within 1 year and 3 after 10 years. The latter three presented with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis; one of these had chronic kidney disease (CKD) grade IV at presentation. Urodynamics (UDS) of all patients revealed poor detrusor compliance (median 11 ml/cm H2O; range 5-22), high-end filling detrusor pressures (median 41 cm H2O; range 11-46) and no detrusor overactivity. All patients attempted voiding with abdominal straining; with little contribution of detrusor contraction (median 6 cm H2O; range 0-9). Two patients could not void during the study, one with Tanagho reconstruction and another with CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even after successful repair, patients with complex trigonal or urethra-vesicovaginal fistulae warrant indefinite long-term follow-up for voiding dysfunction in view of possibility of developing poorly compliant bladder.
authors: Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors: Mayank Mohan
authors: MM
authors: Agarwal
authors: Sathishkumar Mothilal
authors: SM
authors: Raamya
authors: Ravimohan
authors: R
authors: Mavuduru
authors: Arup K
authors: AK
authors: Mandal
authors: Shrawan K
authors: SK
authors: Singh
keywords: Detrusor compliance; giant vesicovaginal fistula; neurogenic bladder