title: Routine sensor-augmented pump therapy in type 1 diabetes: the INTERPRET study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy can improve glycemic control, compared with multiple daily insulin injections or with insulin pump therapy alone, without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-month observational study in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), upon the introduction of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), was conducted in 15 countries (in Europe and in Israel) to document the real-life use of SAP and assess which variables are associated with improvement in type 1 diabetes management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 263 patients (38% male; mean age, 28.0 ± 15.7 years [range, 1-69 years]; body mass index, 23.3 ± 4.9 kg/m(2); diabetes duration, 13.9 ± 10.7 years; CSII duration, 2.6 ± 3 years) were collected. Baseline mean glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 8.1 ± 1.4%; 82% had suboptimal HbA1c (≥ 7%). The average sensor use for 12 months was 30% (range, 0-94%), and sensor use decreased with time (first 3 months, 37%; last 3 months, 27%). Factors associated with improvement in HbA1c after 12 months in patients with baseline HbA1c ≥ 7% were high baseline HbA1c (P<0.001), older age group (P<0.001), and more frequent sensor use (P = 0.047). Significantly less hospitalization, increased treatment satisfaction, and reduced fear of hypoglycemia were reported after 12 months of SAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the largest and longest multicenter prospective observational study providing real-life data on SAP. These results are consistent with those of controlled trials showing the effectiveness of CGM in pump users.
authors: Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. Kirsten.noergaard@regionh.dk
authors: Kirsten
authors: K
authors: Nørgaard
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Scaramuzza
authors: Natasa
authors: N
authors: Bratina
authors: Nebojsa M
authors: NM
authors: Lalić
authors: Przemyslaw
authors: P
authors: Jarosz-Chobot
authors: Győző
authors: G
authors: Kocsis
authors: Edita
authors: E
authors: Jasinskiene
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: De Block
authors: Odile
authors: O
authors: Carrette
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Castañeda
authors: Ohad
authors: O
authors: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human