title: Phenethyl isothiocyanate regulates inflammation through suppression of the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway of Toll-like receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the cytotoxic nature of PEITC in RAW 264.7 cells, cytotoxicity was determined using the MTS cell viability assay. RAW264.7 cells were transfected with a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interferon β (IFNβ) PRDIII-I, or interferon inducible protein-10 (IP-10) luciferase plasmid and then luciferase enzyme activities were determined by luciferase assay. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) were determined by Western blotting. The levels of IP-10 were determined with culture medium by using an IP-10 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PEITC suppressed the activation of IRF3 and the expression of IP-10 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TLRs play an important role in the induction of innate immune responses for host defense against invading microbial pathogens. PEITC found in cruciferous vegetables has an effect on treatment of many chronic diseases. Our results suggest that beneficial effects of PEITC on chronic inflammatory diseases are mediated through modulation of Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling pathway of TLRs.
authors: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-Si, Chungnam 336-745, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hye-Jeong
authors: HJ
authors: Park
authors: Soo-Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Kim
authors: Se-Jeong
authors: SJ
authors: Park
authors: Sang-Hoon
authors: SH
authors: Eom
authors: Gyo-Jeong
authors: GJ
authors: Gu
authors: Seong Hwan
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Hyung-Sun
authors: HS
authors: Youn
mesh_terms: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / Q000276:immunology; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011070:Poly I-C; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C476286:Ticam1 protein, mouse; C058305:phenethyl isothiocyanate