title: Evidence of a heterogeneous tissue oxygenation: renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in a large animal model.
abstract: Renal ischemia that occurs intraoperatively during procedures requiring clamping of the renal artery (such as renal procurement for transplantation and partial nephrectomy for renal cancer) is known to have a significant impact on the viability of that kidney. To better understand the dynamics of intraoperative renal ischemia and recovery of renal oxygenation during reperfusion, a visible reflectance imaging system (VRIS) was developed to measure renal oxygenation during renal artery clamping in both cooled and warm porcine kidneys. For all kidneys, normothermic and hypothermic, visible reflectance imaging demonstrated a spatially distinct decrease in the relative oxy-hemoglobin concentration (%HbO₂) of the superior pole of the kidney compared to the middle or inferior pole. Mean relative oxy-hemoglobin concentrations decrease more significantly during ischemia for normothermic kidneys compared to hypothermic kidneys. VRIS may be broadly applicable to provide an indicator of organ ischemia during open and laparoscopic procedures.
authors: Department of Regenerative Medicine, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA.
authors: Nicole J
authors: NJ
authors: Crane
authors: Scott W
authors: SW
authors: Huffman
authors: Mehrdad
authors: M
authors: Alemozaffar
authors: Frederick A
authors: FA
authors: Gage
authors: Ira W
authors: IW
authors: Levin
authors: Eric A
authors: EA
authors: Elster
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D004285:Dogs; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D010100:Oxygen