title: Functional impairment in adult sleepwalkers: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the restorative quality of sleep and daytime functioning in sleepwalking adult patients in comparison with controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected at the Sleep Disorders Center, Hôpital-Gui-de Chauliac, Montpellier, France between June 2007 and January 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 140 adult sleepwalkers (100 (median age 30 y, 55% male) in whom primary SW was diagnosed) who underwent 1 night of video polysomnography. All patients participated in a standardized clinical interview and completed a battery of questionnaires to assess clinical characteristics of parasomnia, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and health-related quality of life. Results were compared with those of 100 sex- and age-matched normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the sleepwalkers, 22.3% presented with daily episodes and 43.5% presented with weekly episodes. Median age at sleepwalking onset was 9 y. Familial history of sleepwalking was reported in 56.6% of sleepwalkers and violent sleep related behaviors in 57.9%, including injuries requiring medical care for at least one episode in 17%. Significant associations were found between sleepwalking and daytime sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and altered quality of life. Early-onset sleepwalkers had higher frequency of violent behaviors and injuries. Sleepwalkers with violent behaviors had higher frequency of sleep terrors and triggering factors, with greater alteration in health-related quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adult sleepwalking is a potentially serious condition that may induce violent behaviors, self-injury or injury to bed partners, sleep disruption, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and psychological distress, all of which affect health-related quality of life.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Lopez R; Jaussent I; Scholz S; Bayard S; Montplaisir J; Dauvilliers Y. Functional impairment in adult sleepwalkers: a case-control study. SLEEP 2013;36(3):345-351.
authors: Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, National Reference Network for Narcolepsy, CHU Montpellier, France.
authors: Regis
authors: R
authors: Lopez
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Jaussent
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Scholz
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Bayard
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Montplaisir
authors: Yves
authors: Y
authors: Dauvilliers
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020184:Night Terrors / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013009:Somnambulism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Depression; fatigue; parasomnia; sleepwalking