title: Surgical approach to the superior mid-orbit.
abstract: Access to the superior mid-orbit is required for procedures on the levator muscle in the correction of upper eyelid ptosis and in surgery aimed at local lesions in this region. The purpose with this human cadaver study was to clarify the anatomical substrate for a surgical approach to the levator muscle and the upper mid-orbit structures, in which the orbital septum and the retroseptal fat pad is not harmed during surgery. Macro-anatomical dissections and histological examinations were performed on five human orbits from three formalin embalmed cadaver heads. It was found that the orbital septum extends posteriorly from its junction with the levator aponeurosis. This posterior continuation of the orbital septum encloses the superior orbital fat pad and separates this from the anterior surface of the levator muscle. In between the orbital septum and the levator, there is a dissection space that provides a minimal invasive access corridor to the structures in the upper mid-orbit.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. dag.krohn-hansen@ous-hf.no
authors: Dag
authors: D
authors: Krohn-Hansen
authors: Bjørn
authors: B
authors: Nicolaissen
authors: Torstein R
authors: TR
authors: Meling
authors: Erling
authors: E
authors: Haaskjold
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery; D002102:Cadaver; D004210:Dissection; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity