title: Evaluation of self-esteem and depression symptoms in depressed and nondepressed subjects treated with onabotulinumtoxinA for glabellar lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection has become the most popular cosmetic nonsurgical procedure, and it has been suggested that BoNT-A injections may improve emotional states when frown lines are treated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate symptoms of depression and self-esteem before and after onabotulinumtoxinA (ONA) injections in the glabella in subjects with and without depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five subjects with depression were allocated into one group and 25 subjects without depression were matched to those according to demographic characteristics. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to assess depression symptoms and self-esteem, respectively. Patients were assessed up to 12 weeks after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with depression had significant improvement in depression symptoms after ONA injections. The maximum effect occurred within the first 8 weeks after treatment. A significant reduction from baseline in BDI score and significant improvement in self-esteem were also observed in patients with depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research presents new data regarding BoNT-A as a potential treatment to improve depression symptoms in patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Self-esteem scores alone cannot explain the improvement in depression symptoms.
authors: Brazilian Center for Studies in Dermatology, Porto Alegre, Brazil. doris@hexsel.com.br
authors: Doris
authors: D
authors: Hexsel
authors: Cristiano
authors: C
authors: Brum
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Siega
authors: Juliana
authors: J
authors: Schilling-Souza
authors: Taciana
authors: T
authors: Dal'Forno
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Heckmann
authors: Ticiana C
authors: TC
authors: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A