title: Three open issues on Avian Influenza--H5, H7, H9 against all odds.
abstract: 1. Scientific knowledge and certainties on Avian Influenza infections have been completely shaken following the emergence and spread of three "odd" subtypes, namely H5, H7 and H9. 2. These subtypes, particularly H5N1, also have public health implications in addition to causing animal disease. 3. Control of infection in animals and in-depth analysis of virus antigenic and genetic properties largely rely on the veterinary community which requires better weapons that will be efficacious only if revised tactics are developed and vigorously applied.
authors: National, OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Center for diseases at the Human Animal Interface, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padua, Italy. icapua@izsvenezie.it
authors: Ilaria
authors: I
authors: Capua
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D011634:Public Health