title: Ion gradients in xylem exudate and guttation fluid related to tissue ion levels along primary leaves of barley.
abstract: The concentration of ions in plant cells and tissues is an essential factor in determining physiological function. In the present study, we established that concentration gradients of mobile ions exist in both xylem exudates and tissues within a barley (Hordeum vulgare) primary leaf. For K(+) and NO3 (-) , ion concentrations generally decreased from the leaf base to the tip in both xylem exudates and tissues. Ion gradients were also found for Pi and Cl(-) in the xylem. The hydathode strongly absorbed Pi and re-translocated it to the rest of the plant, whereas Cl(-) was extruded. The ion concentration gradients developed early during leaf growth, increased as the tissue aged and remained under both high and low transpiration conditions. Measurement of the expression profiles of Pi, K(+) and NO3 (-) transporters along the longitudinal axis of the leaf revealed that some transporters are more expressed at the hydathode, but for most transporters, there was no significant variation along the leaf. The mechanisms by which longitudinal ion gradients develop in leaves and their physiological functions are discussed.
authors: Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
authors: Makiko
authors: M
authors: Nagai
authors: Miwa
authors: M
authors: Ohnishi
authors: Takeo
authors: T
authors: Uehara
authors: Mutsumi
authors: M
authors: Yamagami
authors: Eiko
authors: E
authors: Miura
authors: Mai
authors: M
authors: Kamakura
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Kitamura
authors: Shu-Ichi
authors: S
authors: Sakaguchi
authors: Wataru
authors: W
authors: Sakamoto
authors: Teruo
authors: T
authors: Shimmen
authors: Hidehiro
authors: H
authors: Fukaki
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Reid
authors: Akio
authors: A
authors: Furukawa
authors: Tetsuro
authors: T
authors: Mimura
mesh_terms: D001345:Autoradiography; D018533:Biomass; D001467:Hordeum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053147:Plant Exudates / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D052584:Xylem / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D053147:Plant Exudates
keywords: epithem cell; hydathode; ion nutrition; phosphate; vascular bundle; xylem fluid.