title: Contrast enhancement of bite mark images using the grayscale mixer in ACR in Photoshop®.
abstract: Enhanced images may improve bite mark edge definition, assisting forensic analysis. Current contrast enhancement involves color extraction, viewing layered images by channel. A novel technique, producing a single enhanced image using the grayscale mix panel within Adobe Camera Raw®, has been developed and assessed here, allowing adjustments of multiple color channels simultaneously. Stage 1 measured RGB values in 72 versions of a color chart image; eight sliders in Photoshop® were adjusted at 25% intervals, all corresponding colors affected. Stage 2 used a bite mark image, and found only red, orange, and yellow sliders had discernable effects. Stage 3 assessed modality preference between color, grayscale, and enhanced images; on average, the 22 survey participants chose the enhanced image as better defined for nine out of 10 bite marks. The study has shown potential benefits for this new technique. However, further research is needed before use in the analysis of bite marks.
authors: Dental Illustration Unit, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Health Park Campus, Cardiff, UK. evansst@cardiff.ac.uk
authors: Sam
authors: S
authors: Evans
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Noorbhai
authors: Zoe
authors: Z
authors: Lawson
authors: Seren
authors: S
authors: Stacey-Jones
authors: Romina
authors: R
authors: Carabott
mesh_terms: D001734:Bites, Human / Q000473:pathology*; D005553:Forensic Dentistry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires