title: Solid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters from aqueous media by electrophoretically deposited TiO₂ nanoparticles on a stainless steel fiber.
abstract: A novel SPME fiber was prepared by electrophoretic deposition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) on a stainless steel wire. It was used in the direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) of four phthalate esters from aqueous samples prior to gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. The effects of various parameters on the efficiency of the SPME process such as the mode of extraction, extraction temperature, film thickness of the SPME fiber, salt content, extraction time and stirring rate were investigated. The comparison of the fiber with another homemade poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-TiO2 (PEDOT-TiO2) nanocomposite fiber and a commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber showed the better extraction efficiency of the nano-TiO2 fiber for phthalate esters. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for the phthalate esters varied between 0.05 and 0.12μgL(-1). The inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations for various phthalate esters at 10μgL(-1) concentration level (n=6) using a single fiber were 6.6-7.5% and 8.3-11.1%, respectively. The fiber to fiber repeatabilities (n=4), expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD%), were between 8.9% and 10.2% at 10μgL(-1) concentration level. The linear ranges varied between 0.5 and 1000μgL(-1). The method was successfully applied to the analysis of the bottled mineral water sample with recoveries from 86 to 107%.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran 1983963113, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors: Mohammad Hossein
authors: MH
authors: Banitaba
authors: Saied Saeed Hosseiny
authors: SS
authors: Davarani
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Pourahadi
mesh_terms: D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013193:Stainless Steel; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium