title: Early induction of apple fruitlet abscission is characterized by an increase of both isoprene emission and abscisic acid content.
abstract: Apple (Malus domestica) fruitlet abscission represents an interesting model system to study the early phases of the shedding process, during which major transcriptomic changes and metabolic rearrangements occur within the fruit. In apple, the drop of fruits at different positions within the cluster can be selectively magnified through chemical thinners, such as benzyladenine and metamitron, acting as abscission enhancers. In this study, different abscission potentials were obtained within the apple fruitlet population by means of the above-cited thinners. A metabolomic study was conducted on the volatile organic compounds emitted by abscising fruitlets, allowing for identification of isoprene as an early marker of abscission induction. A strong correlation was also observed between isoprene production and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in the fruit cortex, which were shown to increase in abscising fruitlets with respect to nonabscising ones. Transcriptomic evidence indicated that abscission-related ABA is biologically active, and its increased biosynthesis is associated with the induction of a specific ABA-responsive 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene. According to a hypothetical model, ABA may transiently cooperate with other hormones and secondary messengers in the generation of an intrafruit signal leading to the downstream activation of the abscission zone. The shedding process therefore appears to be triggered by multiple interdependent pathways, whose fine regulation, exerted within a very short temporal window by both endogenous and exogenous factors, determines the final destiny of the fruitlets.
authors: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of Padova, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
authors: Eccher
authors: E
authors: Giulia
authors: Botton
authors: B
authors: Alessandro
authors: Dimauro
authors: D
authors: Mariano
authors: Boschetti
authors: B
authors: Andrea
authors: Ruperti
authors: R
authors: Benedetto
authors: Ramina
authors: R
authors: Angelo
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002070:Butadienes / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D045782:Hemiterpenes / Q000032:analysis*; D027845:Malus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010420:Pentanes / Q000032:analysis*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D010420:Pentanes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C005059:isoprene; D000040:Abscisic Acid