title: Adult-onset Idiopathic Focal Lower Extremity Dystonia: A Rare Task-Specific Dystonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adult-onset focal lower extremity (LE) dystonia is rare, but there have recently been a number of case series that have reported an idiopathic variant triggered during ambulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe nine patients with idiopathic, focal task-specific LE dystonia. We conducted a comparative analysis that included our cohort and several recently published case series to further characterize the disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 48 patients (37 female, 11 male) were compared. The average age of onset was 48 years; 36 patients had distal extremity involvement (75%), 5 proximal (10%), and 7 both proximal and distal (15%). Among 33 patients in which the dystonic side was known, 20 were affected on the left (61%). Inversion of the foot with flexion of one or more toes was the most prevalent pattern in those with distal extremity involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a novel task-specific dystonia triggered during ambulation that is often misdiagnosed as an orthopedic or psychogenic issue.
authors: Movement Disorders Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors: Ritesh A
authors: RA
authors: Ramdhani
authors: Steven J
authors: SJ
authors: Frucht
keywords: dystonia, task specific, focal, lower extremity