title: Association between frequency of ready-to-eat cereal consumption, nutrient intakes, and body mass index in fourth- to sixth-grade low-income minority children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The consumption of non-ready-to-eat cereal and ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) breakfasts have been associated with increased nutrient intakes and lower body mass index (BMI). These relationships have not been examined in low-income minority children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate, in low-income minority children, whether there is a relationship among the frequency of RTEC consumption and nutrient intakes measured at baseline, and whether there is a relationship between the frequency of RTEC and BMI controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, and energy intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal study design where a cohort was followed for 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 625 fourth- through sixth-grade, low-income children living in San Antonio, Texas, and enrolled in the control arm of the Bienestar Diabetes Prevention Program's cluster randomized trial. Three multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recalls were collected at the beginning of their fourth-grade year and at the end of their fifth- and sixth-grade years. Children's age, sex, ethnicity, and height and weight (used to calculate BMI) were collected between August 2001 and May 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. The frequency of breakfast consumption was examined using a 6×4 cross-tabulation table with χ(2) test to establish categorical differences. The degree of association between BMI percentile and frequency of RTEC consumption adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and nutrition-related parameters were calculated using a partial correlation multivariate linear model analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant positive relationship between the frequency of RTEC consumption and nutrient intakes measured at baseline. There was also a significant inverse relationship between frequency of RTEC consumption and BMI percentile over the cumulative 3-year period controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, and energy intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children who frequently consumed RTEC had greater intakes of essential nutrients at baseline and significantly lower BMI over a 3-year period.
authors: Dairy MAX, San Antonio, TX 78269, USA. frantzel@dairymax.org
authors: Lana
authors: L
authors: Balvin Frantzen
authors: Roberto P
authors: RP
authors: Treviño
authors: Roger M
authors: RM
authors: Echon
authors: Oralia
authors: O
authors: Garcia-Dominic
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: DiMarco
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002523:Edible Grain; D002149:Energy Intake; D057140:Fast Foods; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011203:Poverty; D013781:Texas
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients