title: Anomalies associated with anorectal malformations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the paper is to review the incidence of associated congenital anomalies that are encountered in patients presenting anorectal malformations and compare these results with those previously published.
  
  
  METHODS
  A number of 50 cases with ARM from our institution were reviewed (from 2005 to 2012) and information was collected on patient demographics, type of ARM and associated congenital anomalies, the latter being then categorized according to organ systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 50 newborns, 28 were males and 22 females (1.27:1). 34 (68%) had at least one associated abnormality. The majority of patients (40%) had imperforated anus without fistula. The most frequent seen anomalies were gastrointestinal (36%), urogenital (24%) and cardiovascular (16%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than half of the children included in our series have other associated abnormalities. We found gastrointestinal anomalies to be the most common associated congenital defects in our patients. A higher incidence of this type of anomalies was encountered in newborns with persistent cloacal anomaly. The rectovestibular fistula group was most likely to present cardiac abnormalities. The incidence of genitourinary anomalies in the perineal fistula group is higher than the one described in other studies.
authors: Department of Pediatric Surgery, "Grigore Alexandrescu" Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania.
authors: R N
authors: RN
authors: Bălănescu
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Topor
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Moga
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D018376:Cardiovascular Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis; D004065:Digestive System Abnormalities / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012006:Rectovaginal Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012383:Romania / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery