title: Determinants of ocular deviation in esotropic subjects under general anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors attempted to identify the determinants of ocular deviation in a population of patients with esotropia under general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients with esotropia were included. Horizontal ocular deviation was evaluated by the photographic Hirschberg test both in the awakened state and under general anesthesia before surgery. Changes in ocular deviation were measured and a multivariate analysis was used to assess its clinical determinants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age (± standard deviation [SD]) of study subjects was 13 ± 11 years and 51% were females. The mean spherical equivalent refraction of the right eye was 2.44 ± 2.50 diopters (D), with no significant difference between eyes (P = .26). The mean ocular deviation changed significantly, from 33.5 ± 12.5 prism diopters (PD) at preoperative examination to 8.8 ± 11.4 PD under general anesthesia (P = .0001). The changes in ocular deviation positively correlated with the pre-operative ocular deviation (correlation coefficient r = 0.59, P = .0001) and negatively correlated with patient age (correlation coefficient r = -0.53, P = .0001). These two determinants remained significant after multivariate adjustment of the following variables: preoperative ocular deviation; age; gender; spherical equivalent refraction; and number of previous strabismus surgeries (model r(2) = 0.49, P = .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ocular position under general anesthesia was reported as a key factor in the surgical treatment of subjects with esotropia; therefore, its clinical determinants were assessed. The authors observed that preoperative ocular deviation and patient age were the main factors that influenced the ocular position under general anesthesia.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France. vincent.daien@gmail.com
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Daien
authors: Chloé
authors: C
authors: Turpin
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Lignereux
authors: Riadh
authors: R
authors: Belghobsi
authors: Guylene
authors: G
authors: Le Meur
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Lebranchu
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Pechereau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult