title: Low vitamin D levels increase anemia risk in Korean women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We assessed the impact of vitamin D on hemoglobin levels in Korean adults, considering gender and menopausal status.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 2528 men and 3258 women divided into quartiles of vitamin D from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level of <13 g/dl in men and <12 g/dl in women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre- and post-menopausal women in the lowest 25-hydroxyvitamin D group were at an increased risk of anemia, after adjusting for confounding factors (OR (95% CI); Premenopausal: Q1 (≥18.45 ng/ml), 1; Q2 (14.69-18.44 ng/ml), 1.120 (0.745, 1.683); Q3 (11.93-14.68 ng/ml), 1.427 (0.963, 2.116); and Q4 (≤11.92 ng/ml), 1.821 (1.240, 2.673); P=0.009; and Post: Q1 (≥22.04 ng/ml), 1; Q2 (16.92-22.03 ng/ml), 1.106 (0.697, 1.756); Q3 (13.37-16.91 ng/ml), 1.167 (0.740, 1.839); and Q4 (≤13.36 ng/ml), 1.583 (1.026, 2.447); P=0.038). In addition, pre- and post-menopausal women in the lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D group were at a higher risk of iron deficient anemia and anemia of inflammation. However, post-menopausal women did not show a higher risk of anemia with CKD (P=0.470). Men with the lowest 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels did not show a higher risk of anemia (P=0.528).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D-deficient Korean women had a higher risk of anemia.
authors: Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jin Young
authors: JY
authors: Shin
authors: Jae Yong
authors: JY
authors: Shim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D