title: Simultaneous 18F choline positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate: initial results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous 18F choline positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate and to present the first clinical results of the method.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 2012 to October 2012, a total of 15 consecutive patients were examined with simultaneous 18F choline PET/MRI. At the time of the examination, 8 patients had histologically proven prostate cancer, 2 patients had repeated prostate biopsies with negative results, and 5 patients had suspected prostate cancer with an elevated or rising prostate specific antigene level but did not have a prostate biopsy. Sequence protocol comprised T2-weighted high-resolution images and diffusion-weighted images of the prostate in addition to PET imaging. Image quality was assessed by 2 radiologists, and the PET images were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simultaneous PET/MRI of the prostate was accomplished successfully in all patients. The method proved to be robust without technical failure, and the image quality was rated to be diagnostic in all examinations except in 1 diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data set that was judged to be nondiagnostic because of susceptibility artifacts. High-resolution T2-weighted images allowed exact correlation of elevated focal or diffuse choline uptake to suspicious T2-weighted lesions of the prostate. A high accordance was found between PET and DWI. However, PET-positive lesions were found in 3 patients wherein DWI did not indicate tumor in suspicious T2-weighted lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate has the advantage of combining high-resolution prostate images, functional studies, and metabolic/molecular imaging. The PET component adds diagnostic confidence to the MRI-based parameters in identifying and localizing tumor in the prostate.
authors: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany. axel.wetter@uk-essen.de
authors: Axel
authors: A
authors: Wetter
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Lipponer
authors: Felix
authors: F
authors: Nensa
authors: Karsten
authors: K
authors: Beiderwellen
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Olbricht
authors: Herbert
authors: H
authors: Rübben
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Bockisch
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Schlosser
authors: Till A
authors: TA
authors: Heusner
authors: Thomas C
authors: TC
authors: Lauenstein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002794:Choline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; C516370:fluoromethylcholine; D002794:Choline