title: The influence of natural head position on the assessment of facial morphology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skeletal relationships play a major part in determining occlusal relationships, and that is why they also affect orthodontic treatment. Facial morphology can be assessed by clinical or radiological methods. Soft tissue analysis of the face is accepted as an integral part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the inclination between the Frankfort horizontal(FH) and the extracranial horizontal (HOR) lines with the head in the natural position (NHP) on the assessment of facial morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lateral facial photographs of 200 young adult males and females were taken with the head in the natural head position and then analyzed. Each image was rotated in order to position the Frankfort line parallel to the extracranial horizontal line. Twelve landmarks on each of the 400 profile photographs (200 originals,200 processed) were identified, and nine linear measurements and three angular measurements were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inclination angle between the extracranial horizontal line and the Frankfort horizontal line in the NHP varied from -7.1° to 5.6° (mean -1.20°). Significant correlations were found between the inclination angle FH/HOR and both sagittal and vertical morphology predictors such as the sections N-Sn (r = 0.3737, p = 0.0001), Sn-Gn(r = 0.3231, p = 0.0000), and both facial angles (r = 0.9774, p = 0.0000) and proflle angles (r = 0.9654, p = 0.0000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comparison of soft tissue measurements determined with reference to the Frankfort horizontal and extracranial horizontal lines with the head in the natural position reveals significant differences
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Woźniak
authors: Dagmara
authors: D
authors: Piątkowska
authors: Mariusz
authors: M
authors: Lipski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult