title: Laboratory training in the retrosigmoid approach using cadaveric silicone injected cow brain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A neurosurgical laboratory training model is designed for trainees in microneurosurgery to learn to handle surgical microscopes and microneurosurgical instruments. The silicone injection of a fresh cadaveric cow cranium is an alternative to using a cadaveric human brain for becoming familiar with the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) via the retrosigmoid approach. To report an improved method for training in the CPA via the retrosigmoid approach, using a fresh cadaveric cow cranium injected with silicone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The material consists of a cadaveric cow brain injected with silicone. Preparation consists of irrigation of the major vessels followed by injection of silicone, coloured either red or blue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A three-step approach was designed to simulate microneurosurgical dissection along with the cerebellopontine angle and to dissect cranial nerves emerging from the brain stem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This laboratory training model is useful in allowing trainees to gain experience with the use of an operating microscope and familiarity with the CPA via the retrosigmoid approach. The aim of this study was to develop a novel model and to adapt it to create a life-like neurosurgical training system.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors: Hikmet
authors: H
authors: Turan Suslu
authors: Davut
authors: D
authors: Ceylan
authors: Necati
authors: N
authors: Tatarlı
authors: Tufan
authors: T
authors: Hıcdonmez
authors: Askın
authors: A
authors: Seker
authors: Yasar
authors: Y
authors: Bayrı
authors: Yasar
authors: Y
authors: Bahrı
authors: Turker
authors: T
authors: Kılıc
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D002417:Cattle; D002530:Cerebellopontine Angle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000193:education*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D012828:Silicones
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones