title: Anesthetics, cerebral protection and preconditioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies demonstrate that cerebral preconditioning is a protective mechanism against a stressful situation. Preconditioning determinants are described, as well as the neuroprotection provided by anesthetic and non-anesthetics agents.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Review based on the main articles addressing the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion and neuronal injury and pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors (inflammation, glycemia, and temperature) related to the change in response to ischemia-reperfusion, in addition to neuroprotection induced by anesthetic use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The brain has the ability to protect itself against ischemia when stimulated. The elucidation of this mechanism enables the application of preconditioning inducing substances (some anesthetics), other drugs, and non-pharmacological measures, such as hypothermia, aimed at inducing tolerance to ischemic lesions.
authors: Postgraduate in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. rogean@fortalnet.com.br
authors: Rogean Rodrigues
authors: RR
authors: Nunes
authors: Gastão Fernandes
authors: GF
authors: Duval Neto
authors: Júlio César
authors: JC
authors: Garcia de Alencar
authors: Suyane Benevides
authors: SB
authors: Franco
authors: Nayanna Quezado
authors: NQ
authors: de Andrade
authors: Danielle Maia
authors: DM
authors: Holanda Dumaresq
authors: Sara Lúcia
authors: SL
authors: Cavalcante
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents