title: The effect of pre-storage whole-blood leukocyte reduction on cytokines/chemokines levels in autologous CPDA-1 whole blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of pre-storage leukocyte filtration of autologous blood (AB), especially focusing on the cytokines/chemokines accumulation on blood products.
  
  
  METHODS
  After approval of the ethics committee of the University of Tokyo, a total of 26 orthopedic patients, who donated AB prior to surgery after informed consent, were enrolled. The effects of filtration on blood cell counts were analyzed, and the accumulation of cytokines and chemokines were measured on pre- and post-leukoreduced (LR) samples, using the Luminex system. The time-dependent changes of the cytokines/chemokines and the effect of the filtration on their concentration were analyzed, and compared with the normal plasma levels reported in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LR effectively reduced the number of leukocytes and platelets, without affecting that of red cells. The concentration of most of the cytokines/chemokines analyzed, except the EGF, sCD40-L and sFas-L, decreased time-dependently of storage or did not change in pre-LR samples. However, EGF, sCD40L and sFas-L were significantly reduced by LR. Some, such as IL-8 and RANTES, were also importantly decreased by LR, and others, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, were not significantly affected by LR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leukocyte filtration effectively removes platelets and leukocytes from AB, thus preventing the accumulation of cytokines/chemokines. Since adverse effects due to AB transfusion, although rare, are observed, there is need to consider the implementation of pre-storage leukocyte reduction (PSLR) for AB.
authors: Department of Transfusion Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Nagura
authors: Nelson H
authors: NH
authors: Tsuno
authors: Minoru
authors: M
authors: Tanaka
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Matsuhashi
authors: Koki
authors: K
authors: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001793:Blood Preservation; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood*; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007937:Leukapheresis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C034876:CPDA solutions; D018925:Chemokines; D002951:Citrates; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D010710:Phosphates; D005947:Glucose; D000225:Adenine
keywords: AB; Autologous whole blood; CPDA-1; Cytokines and chemokines; EGF; ENA78; Epidermal growth factor; Epithelial neutrophil-activating protein 78; G-CSF; GM-CSF; HGF; IFN; IL; IL2R; MCP-1; MIG; MIP; Prestorage leukocyte reduction; RANTES; RBC; Regulated upon Activation Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted; SDF-1; TNF; VEGF; autologous blood; b-FGF; basic fibroblast growth factor; citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine-1; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; hepatocyte growth factor; interferon; interleukin 2 receptor; interleukin. IP10, IFN-γ-inducible protein 10; macrophage inflammatory protein; monocyte chemotactic protein 1; monokine induced by IFN-γ; red blood cell; sCD40-L; sFas-L; soluble CD40 ligand; soluble Fas ligand; stromal cell-derived factor-1; tumor necrosis factor; vascular endothelial growth factor