title: Effects of concurrent respiratory resistance training on health-related quality of life in wheelchair rugby athletes: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of 9 weeks of training with a concurrent flow resistance (CFR) device versus a concurrent pressure threshold resistance (CPTR) device on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in wheelchair rugby (WR) athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four male WR athletes (22 with tetraplegia, 1 with a spastic cerebral palsy, and 1 with congenital upper and lower limb deformities) were matched by lesion level, completeness of injury, and rugby classification prior to being randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) CPTR (n=8), (2) CFR (n=8), or (3) controls (CON, n=8). Pre/post testing included assessment of HRQoL as measured by the Short-Form Health Survey Version 2.0 (SF-36v2). Manufacturer protocol guidelines for the CFR and CPTR groups were followed for breathing exercises.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen participants completed the study (CPTR=4, CFR=5, CON=7). The Mann-Whitney U rank order revealed significantly greater reductions in bodily pain (P = .038) and improvements in vitality (P = .028) for CFR versus CON.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this study suggest that training with a CFR device improves some aspects of HRQoL (eg, vitality and bodily pain) in WR athletes. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to examine the impact of these devices on improving HRQoL for wheelchair athletes.
authors: Texas State University , San Marcos, Texas.
authors: Lyn G
authors: LG
authors: Litchke
authors: Lisa K
authors: LK
authors: Lloyd
authors: Eric A
authors: EA
authors: Schmidt
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Russian
authors: Robert F
authors: RF
authors: Reardon
keywords: SF-36; quality of life; respiratory resistance training; spinal cord injury