title: In vivo and in vitro studies of epithelial cell behavior around titanium implants with machined and rough surfaces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The surface roughness of a dental implant affects the epithelial wound healing process and may significantly enhance implant prognosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We explored the influence of surface roughness on peri-implant epithelium (PIE) sealing and down-growth by comparing machine-surfaced (Ms) and rough-surfaced (Rs) implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Maxillary first molars were extracted from rats and replaced with Ms or Rs implants. (2) We also compared changes in the morphology of cultured rat oral epithelial cells (OECs) grown on Ms or Rs titanium (Ti) plates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) After 4 weeks, the PIE around Ms and Rs implants showed a similar structure to junctional epithelium (JE). At 16 weeks, Rs implants appeared to form a weak epithelial seal at the tissue-implant interface and exhibited markedly less PIE down-growth than Ms implants but was deeper than that observed in natural teeth. (2) We observed less expression of adhesion proteins in OECs cultured on Rs plates than in cells grown on Ms plates. Additionally, cell adherence, migration, and proliferation on Rs plates were lower, whereas apoptosis was reduced on Ms plates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ms implants are a better choice for integration with an epithelial wound healing process.
authors: Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors: Ikiru
authors: I
authors: Atsuta
authors: Yasunori
authors: Y
authors: Ayukawa
authors: Akihiro
authors: A
authors: Furuhashi
authors: Yoichiro
authors: Y
authors: Ogino
authors: Yasuko
authors: Y
authors: Moriyama
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Tsukiyama
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Koyano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015921:Dental Implants; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D000097794:Kalinin
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium; D000097794:Kalinin
keywords: adhesion molecule; dental implant; epithelial cell; surface roughness; titanium