title: Carcass fat quality of pigs is not improved by adding corn germ, beef tallow, palm kernel oil, or glycerol to finishing diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles.
abstract: The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that the reduced carcass fat quality that is often observed in pigs fed diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) may be ameliorated if corn germ, beef tallow, palm kernel oil, or glycerol is added to diets fed during the finishing period. A total of 36 barrows and 36 gilts (initial BW 43.7 ± 2.0 kg) were individually housed and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement, with gender and diet as main factors. Each dietary treatment had 12 replicate pigs. A corn-soybean meal control diet and a diet containing corn, soybean meal, and 30% DDGS were formulated. Four additional diets were formulated by adding 15% corn germ, 3% beef tallow, 3% palm kernel oil, or 5% glycerol to the DDGS-containing diet. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and LM quality were determined, and backfat and belly fat samples were collected for fatty acid analysis. There was no gender × diet interaction for any of the response variables measured. For the entire finisher period (d 0 to 88), diet had no effect on ADG, but pigs fed 3% palm kernel oil tended (P < 0.10) to have less ADFI and greater G:F than pigs fed the control diet. Barrows had greater (P < 0.01) ADG and ADFI, and less (P < 0.001) G:F than gilts. Pigs fed the DDGS diet had reduced (P < 0.05) loin eye area compared with pigs fed the control diet, but diet had no effect on other carcass characteristics. Barrows had greater (P < 0.001) final BW at the end of both phases, greater (P < 0.001) HCW and backfat thickness, and tended (P = 0.10) to have greater dressing percentage, but less (P < 0.001) fat-free lean percentage than gilts. Backfat of pigs fed the 5 DDGS-containing diets had less (P < 0.05) L* values than pigs fed the control diet and backfat of gilts had greater (P < 0.001) a* and b* values than barrows. Pigs fed the control diet had greater (P < 0.05) belly flop distance compared with pigs fed the 5 DDGS-containing diets, but no differences were observed among pigs fed the diets containing DDGS. Barrows had heavier (P < 0.001) bellies and greater (P < 0.001) belly flop distances than gilts. Diet had no effect on carcass fat iodine value (IV), but gilts tended (P = 0.07) to have greater backfat IV and greater (P = 0.05) belly fat IV than barrows. In conclusion, the hypothesis that carcass fat quality of pigs fed diets containing DDGS can be improved by inclusion of corn germ, beef tallow, palm kernel oil, or glycerol in finishing diets could not be confirmed.
authors: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: Lee
authors: D Y
authors: DY
authors: Kil
authors: B D
authors: BD
authors: Keever
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Killefer
authors: F K
authors: FK
authors: McKeith
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Sulabo
authors: H H
authors: HH
authors: Stein
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005223:Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000502:physiology*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D010938:Plant Oils; D000073878:Palm Oil; D007455:Iodine; C013698:tallow; D005990:Glycerol