title: Resorption behavior of a nanostructured bone substitute: in vitro investigation and clinical application.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an in vitro assay for quantitative analysis of the degradation to which a bone substitute is exposed by osteoclasts. The aim of establishing this method was to improve the predictability of carrying out tooth movements via bone substitutes and to provide a basis for verification in exemplary clinical cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  After populating a bone substitute (NanoBone®; ArtOss, Germany) with osteoclastic cells, inductively-coupled mass spectrometry was used to evaluate changing calcium levels in the culture medium as a marker of resorption activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that calcium levels increased substantially in the culture medium with the cells populating the bone substitute.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This in vitro assay is a valid method that can assist clinicians in selecting the appropriate materials for certain patients. While tooth movements occurring through this material were successful, uncertainty about the approach will remain as long-term results are not available.
authors: Department for Orthodontics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelm University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. c_reichert@web.de
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Reichert
authors: Werner
authors: W
authors: Götz
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Reimann
authors: Ludger
authors: L
authors: Keilig
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Hagner
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Bourauel
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Jäger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D002460:Cell Line; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017886:Durapatite; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D004338:Drug Combinations; C534915:NanoBone; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D017886:Durapatite; D002118:Calcium