title: Use of dietary supplements in pregnant women in relation to sociodemographic factors - a report from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and associated factors of dietary supplement use, particularly supplements containing vitamin D and fatty acids, in pregnant women enrolled in a multi-national study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Maternal dietary supplement use was self-reported through questionnaires at month 3 to 4 postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six clinical research centres; three in the USA (Colorado, Georgia/Florida and Washington) and three in Europe (Sweden, Finland and Germany).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers (n 7326) to infants screened for high-risk HLA-DQ genotypes of type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two per cent of the 7326 women used one or more types of supplement during pregnancy. Vitamin D supplements were taken by 65% of the women, with the highest proportion of users in the USA (80.5 %). Overall, 16% of the women reported taking fatty acid supplements and a growing trend was seen in all countries between 2004 and 2010 (P,0.0001). The use was more common in Germany (32 %) and the USA (24 %) compared with Finland (8.5%) and Sweden (7.0 %). Being pregnant with the first child was a strong predictor for any supplement use in all countries. Low maternal age (<25 years), higher education, BMI<=25.0 kg/m2 and smoking during pregnancy were factors associated with supplement use in some but not all countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of the women used dietary supplements during pregnancy. The use was associated with sociodemographic and behavioural factors, such as parity, maternal age, education, BMI and maternal smoking.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC, Bldg. 60:11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE 20502 Malmö, Sweden. carin.andren_aronsson@med.lu.se
authors: Carin Andrén
authors: CA
authors: Aronsson
authors: Kendra
authors: K
authors: Vehik
authors: Jimin
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Ulla
authors: U
authors: Uusitalo
authors: Kristen
authors: K
authors: Hay
authors: Gesa
authors: G
authors: Joslowski
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Riikonen
authors: Lori
authors: L
authors: Ballard
authors: Suvi M
authors: SM
authors: Virtanen
authors: Jill M
authors: JM
authors: Norris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D014807:Vitamin D