title: Cancer risk assessments of Hong Kong soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate soils from 12 different land use types on human cancer risks, with the main focus being on human cancer risks related to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fifty-five locations were selected to represent 12 different types of land use (electronic waste dismantling workshop (EW (DW)); open burning site (OBS); car dismantling workshop (CDW) etc.). The total concentrations of 16 PAHs in terms of total burden and their bioaccessibility were analysed using GC/MS. The PAHs concentrations were subsequently used to establish cancer risks in humans via three exposure pathways, namely, accident ingestion of soil, dermal contact soil and inhalation of soil particles. When the 95th centile values of total PAH concentrations were used to derive ingestion and dermal cancer risk probabilities on humans, the CDW land use type indicated a moderate potential for cancerous development (244 × 10(-6) and 209 × 10(-6), respectively). Bioaccessible PAHs content in soil samples from CDW (3.60 × 10(-6)) were also classified as low cancer risk. CDW soil possessed a higher carcinogenic risk based on PAH concentrations. Bioremediation is recommended to treat the contaminated soil.
authors: School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, PR China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
authors: Yu Bon
authors: YB
authors: Man
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Kang
authors: Hong Sheng
authors: HS
authors: Wang
authors: Winifred
authors: W
authors: Lau
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Xiao Lin
authors: XL
authors: Sun
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Giesy
authors: Ka Lai
authors: KL
authors: Chow
authors: Ming Hung
authors: MH
authors: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004435:Eating; D059029:Electronic Waste; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Bioaccessible PAHs; Car dismantling workshop; Farm soil; Lifetime cancer risk; Open burning