title: Alzheimer's disease: which type of amyloid-preventing drug agents to employ?
abstract: The current paradigm in the amyloid hypothesis brands small β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers as the toxic species in Alzheimer's disease (AD). These oligomers are fibril-like; contain β-sheet structure, and present exposed hydrophobic surface. Oligomers with this motif are capable of penetrating the cell membrane, gathering to form toxic ion channels. Current agents suppressing precursor Aβ cleavage have only met partial success; and to date, those targeting the peptides and their assemblies in the aqueous environment of the extracellular space largely fail in clinical trials. One possible reason is failure to reach membrane-embedded targets of disease-'infected' cells. Here we provide an overview, point to the need to account for the lipid environment when aiming to prevent the formation of toxic channels, and propose a combination therapy to target the species spectrum.
authors: Center for Cancer Research, Nanobiology Program, Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
authors: Hyunbum
authors: H
authors: Jang
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Connelly
authors: Fernando Teran
authors: FT
authors: Arce
authors: Srinivasan
authors: S
authors: Ramachandran
authors: Ratnesh
authors: R
authors: Lal
authors: Bruce L
authors: BL
authors: Kagan
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Nussinov
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000682:Amyloid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid