title: Effects of tolterodine and trospium chloride on renal damage induced by partial upper urinary tract obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy of trospium chloride and tolterodine on the renal parenchymal inflammatory process and upper urinary dilation in rats with chronic partial upper urinary tract obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 rats were divided into 4 groups: group 1, control; group 2, obstruction; group 3, obstruction plus tolterodine; and group 4, obstruction plus trospium chloride. In all groups, except for group 1, partial upper urinary tract obstruction was induced by embedding the upper quarter of the right ureter into the psoas muscle for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were killed. The catalase, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl levels were determined in renal tissue. Tubular dilation and parenchymal inflammation were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Smooth muscle actin and cytoglobin were examined with immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obstruction group demonstrated severe pelvic dilation and parenchymal inflammation and increased smooth muscle actin staining in the wall of upper urinary tract (P <.05). The treatment of the rats with tolterodine and trospium chloride markedly attenuated the inflammatory alterations and reduced tubular dilation. This treatment also reduced elevated oxidative stress product levels and restored the depleted renal antioxidant enzyme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings imply that increased renal pelvic pressure can contribute to renal parenchymal injury in chronic pelvic upper urinary tract obstruction. Antimuscarinic medications such as tolterodine and trospium chloride exert renoprotective effects, probably by prevention of pelvic pressure increases.
authors: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey. abdurrahman.karaman@inonu.edu.tr
authors: Abdurrahman
authors: A
authors: Karaman
authors: Emine
authors: E
authors: Samdancı
authors: Sadegül
authors: S
authors: Sayın
authors: Ismail
authors: I
authors: Karabulut
authors: Ersin
authors: E
authors: Fadıllıoglu
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001561:Benzilates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003408:Cresols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000078842:Cytoglobin; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005914:Globins / Q000378:metabolism; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009393:Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009662:Nortropanes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001561:Benzilates; D002374:Catalase; D003408:Cresols; D000078842:Cytoglobin; D005914:Globins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D009662:Nortropanes; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; C000627268:Cygb protein, rat; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat; C003330:trospium chloride