title: Non-target effects of three formulated pesticides on microbially-mediated processes in a clay-loam soil.
abstract: An experiment was performed to study non-target effects of difenoconazole (fungicide), deltamethrin (insecticide) and ethofumesate (herbicide) on microbial parameters in a clay-loam soil. Pesticides were applied as commercial formulations to soil samples at different concentrations (5, 50 and 500 mg kg(-1) DW soil) and then incubated under laboratory conditions for 3 months. Throughout the incubation period, microbial parameters were determined at days 7, 30, 60 and 90. At 5 mg kg(-1) DW soil, none of the three pesticides caused significant changes in soil microbial parameters. In contrast, at 500 mg kg(-1) DW soil, pesticide application decreased overall soil microbial activity, negatively affecting the activity of soil enzymes. Similarly, at 500 mg kg(-1) DW soil, difenoconazole and ethofumesate, but not deltamethrin, caused a pesticide-induced stress on soil microbial communities, as reflected by the respiratory quotient. Besides, deltamethrin and ethofumesate at 50 and 500 mg kg(-1) DW soil resulted in lower values of denitrification potential. It was concluded that, although pesticide concentration had a somewhat inconsistent and erratic effect on soil microbial parameters, pesticide application at 500 mg kg(-1) DW soil did have an impact on many of the microbial parameters studied here.
authors: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain. borja.munoz@ehu.es
authors: Borja
authors: B
authors: Muñoz-Leoz
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Garbisu
authors: Jean-Yves
authors: JY
authors: Charcosset
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Sánchez-Pérez
authors: Iñaki
authors: I
authors: Antigüedad
authors: Estilita
authors: E
authors: Ruiz-Romera
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000077215:Clay; D010575:Pesticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D000077215:Clay