title: Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke among adults in Myanmar.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Second-hand smoke (SHS) is a threat to people's health particularly in South-East Region including Myanmar.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the exposure to SHS among the adult population of Myanmar.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis was done based on the data relating to SHS exposure from 2009 Noncommunicable Risk Factor Survey conducted in Myanmar. A total of 7,429 respondents aged 15-64 from a nationally representative household-based cross-sectional multi-stage probability sample were used. Gender-specific estimates of the proportion of adults exposed to SHS were examined across various socio-demographic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The exposure to SHS was 55.6% (52% among males and 57.8% among females) at home, 63.6% (71.9% among males and 54.7% among females) in indoor places and 23.3% (38.8% among males and 13.6% among females) in public places. SHS exposure at home was more common among females. However, males were more likely to be exposed at work and public places than females. SHS exposure at home and public places decreased with age in both sexes. In these settings, SHS exposure was related to education, residence, employment status, marital status, and income level. At workplaces, it was mainly related to educational attainment and occupational status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure was significantly high in settings having partial ban as compared with settings having a complete ban. The solution is simple and straightforward, smoke-free environments. The findings emphasize the need for continuing efforts to decrease the exposure and to increase the knowledge of its harmful effects.
authors: Department of Health Planning, Ministry of Health, Myanmar. ayeayesein63@gmail.com
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Sein
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Than Htike
authors: D N
authors: DN
authors: Sinha
authors: N N
authors: NN
authors: Kyaing
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D002052:Myanmar; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution