title: Disease state fingerprint in frontotemporal degeneration with reference to Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disease state index and disease state fingerprint represent a novel tool which collates data information from different sources, helping the clinician in the diagnosis and follow-up of dementia diseases. It has been demonstrated that it is applicable in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We applied this novel tool to classify frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cases in comparison with controls, AD, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty seven patients with FTD, 35 patients with AD, 26 control subjects, and 64 subjects with MCI were included in the study. The disease state index encompassed data from cognitive performance assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, MRI volumetric and morphometric parameters as well as APOE genotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We applied the Disease State Index for comparisons at the group level. The data showed that FTD patients could be differentiated with a high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity from controls (0.84, 0.84, 0.83) and from MCI (0.79, 0.78, 0.80). However, the correct accuracy was lower in the FTD versus AD comparison (0.69, 0.70, 0.71). In addition, we demonstrated the use of Disease State Fingerprint by comparing one particular FTD case with control, AD, and MCI population data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the Disease State Fingerprint and the underlying Disease State Index are particularly useful in differentiating between normal status and disease in patients with dementia, but it may also help to distinguish between the two dementia diseases, FTD and AD.
authors: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors: Miguel Ángel
authors: MÁ
authors: Muñoz-Ruiz
authors: Päivi
authors: P
authors: Hartikainen
authors: Anette
authors: A
authors: Hall
authors: Jussi
authors: J
authors: Mattila
authors: Juha
authors: J
authors: Koikkalainen
authors: Sanna-Kaisa
authors: SK
authors: Herukka
authors: Valtteri
authors: V
authors: Julkunen
authors: Ritva
authors: R
authors: Vanninen
authors: Yawu
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Jyrki
authors: J
authors: Lötjönen
authors: Hilkka
authors: H
authors: Soininen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers