title: Intraoperative detection of liver tumors aided by a fluorescence goggle system and multimodal imaging.
abstract: Real-time image guidance in the operating room is needed to improve instantaneous surgical decisions. Toward this goal, we utilized a new fluorescence goggle system and a near-infrared fluorescent dye approved for human use, indocyanine green, to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting liver tumors intraoperatively. The fluorescence goggle provided successful imaging of multifocal breast cancer metastases in mouse liver. Diffused tumor deposits as small as 0.8 mm in diameter were detected, which were not obvious without the fluorescence goggle. A combination of surface-weighted fluorescence imaging and deep tissue-sensitive ultrasound imaging allowed comprehensive image guidance with the fluorescence goggle system for tumor resection in a rabbit VX2 liver metastasis model. This multimodal detection and guided surgical intervention strategy using ultrasonic imaging and real-time intraoperative fluorescence guidance is a promising and innovative technology platform for improving surgical outcome of human patients with primary or metastatic liver cancer.
authors: Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Walter J
authors: WJ
authors: Akers
authors: Adam Q
authors: AQ
authors: Bauer
authors: Suman
authors: S
authors: Mondal
authors: Kyle
authors: K
authors: Gullicksrud
authors: Gail P
authors: GP
authors: Sudlow
authors: Joseph P
authors: JP
authors: Culver
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Achilefu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D051379:Mice; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green