title: The neonicotinoid imidacloprid shows high chronic toxicity to mayfly nymphs.
abstract: The present study evaluated the acute and chronic toxicity of imidacloprid to a range of freshwater arthropods. Mayfly and caddisfly species were most sensitive to short-term imidacloprid exposures (10 tests), whereas the mayflies showed by far the most sensitive response to long-term exposure of all seven arthropod species tested (28-d EC10 values of approximately 0.03 µg/L). The results indicated a high aquatic risk of chronic exposure of imidacloprid to mayflies.
authors: Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Ivo
authors: I
authors: Roessink
authors: Lemessa B
authors: LB
authors: Merga
authors: Hans J
authors: HJ
authors: Zweers
authors: Paul J
authors: PJ
authors: Van den Brink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D007313:Insecta; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D009758:Nymph; D018570:Risk Assessment; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C082359:imidacloprid