title: Photothermal nanodrugs: potential of TNF-gold nanospheres for cancer theranostics.
abstract: Nanotechnology has been extensively explored for drug delivery. Here, we introduce the concept of a nanodrug based on synergy of photothermally-activated physical and biological effects in nanoparticle-drug conjugates. To prove this concept, we utilized tumor necrosis factor-alpha coated gold nanospheres (Au-TNF) heated by laser pulses. To enhance photothermal efficiency in near-infrared window of tissue transparency we explored slightly ellipsoidal nanoparticles, its clustering, and laser-induced nonlinear dynamic phenomena leading to amplification and spectral sharpening of photothermal and photoacoustic resonances red-shifted relatively to linear plasmonic resonances. Using a murine carcinoma model, we demonstrated higher therapy efficacy of Au-TNF conjugates compared to laser and Au-TNF alone or laser with TNF-free gold nanospheres. The photothermal activation of low toxicity Au-TNF conjugates, which are in phase II trials in humans, with a laser approved for medical applications opens new avenues in the development of clinically relevant nanodrugs with synergistic antitumor theranostic action.
authors: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors: Jingwei
authors: J
authors: Shao
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Griffin
authors: Ekaterina I
authors: EI
authors: Galanzha
authors: Jin-Woo
authors: JW
authors: Kim
authors: Nathan
authors: N
authors: Koonce
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Webber
authors: Thikra
authors: T
authors: Mustafa
authors: Alexandru S
authors: AS
authors: Biris
authors: Dmitry A
authors: DA
authors: Nedosekin
authors: Vladimir P
authors: VP
authors: Zharov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007834:Lasers; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D054118:Nanospheres / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006046:Gold