title: Inhibition of the SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cell line in vivo and in vitro by a novel nutrient mixture.
abstract: Neuroblastoma, a peripheral nervous system cancer that can be highly invasive and metastatic, accounts for 8-10% of all solid childhood tumors in children under the age of 15 years. Despite multiple clinical efforts, prognosis remains poor for this enigmatic disease. A nutrient mixture (NM) containing lysine, proline, ascorbic acid and green tea extract has shown significant antitumor effects. Using the nude mouse xenograft model, we investigated the efficacy of NM. We also tested the effect of NM in vitro, evaluating cell viability, secretion of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 secretion, Matrigel invasion and cellular apoptosis and morphology. Athymic nude mice 5-6 weeks of age were inoculated with 3x10⁶ SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells subcutaneously and randomly divided into two groups. Group A was fed a regular diet and group B a regular diet supplemented with 0.5% NM. Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and their tumors were excised, weighed and processed for histology. We also tested the effect of NM in vitro. NM inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors by 22% (P=0.04); and, in vitro, NM induced dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation with a decrease of 27% (P=0.001) and 36% (P=0.002) at 500 and 1000 µg/ml NM compared to the control, respectively. Zymography revealed MMP-2 secretion in normal cells and PMA (100 ng/ml)‑induced MMP-9 secretion. NM inhibited the secretion of both MMPs with total blockage at a concentration of 100 µg/ml. Reverse zymography demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in TIMP-2 expression by NM. Notable, SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells were not invasive through Matrigel. NM induced dose-dependent apoptosis of SK-N-MC cells. The results suggest that NM may have therapeutic potential in treating neuroblastoma.
authors: Dr Rath Research Institute, Oncology Division, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Waheed Roomi
authors: Tatiana
authors: T
authors: Kalinovsky
authors: Nusrath W
authors: NW
authors: Roomi
authors: Aleksandra
authors: A
authors: Niedzwiecki
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Rath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011392:Proline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013662:Tea; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D011392:Proline; D018093:Gelatinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D008239:Lysine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid