title: Effects of lifestyle on plasma levels of the IGF system and the antioxidants coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E in Kenyan rural and urban populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overnight fasting blood plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), coenzyme Q10, (CoQ) vitamin E and plasma lipids were compared between a semi-nomadic Samburu population and relatively urbanized cohorts from Nairobi, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  143 middle aged subjects without known diabetes were included. IGF-I and IGFBP-1 were analyzed by RIA, and CoQ and vitamin E by HPLC. Plasma lipid levels were analyzed by standard laboratory methods routinely used in the clinics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age adjusted IGF-I serum levels were low in the Samburu male and female populations, ranging from 0 to -4 IGFSD-score (SDS), and a minor part of the investigated population reaching as low as -5 and -7 SDS. The Nairobi cohorts showed significantly higher values reaching from -2.5 to +1 SDS (P<0.0001). The nomadic Samburu population showed fasting IGFBP-1 values ranging from 30-100 μg/l, while that of the urbanized Nairobi cohorts was considerably lower (25-60 μg/l) (P<0.0001). CoQ concentrations of the Nairobi cohorts were 1.5-2.0 nmol/ml similar to the levels found in several European countries. The Samburu population on the other hand showed extremely high CoQ values ranging from 2 to 9 nmol/ml (P<0.0001). Vitamin E levels of the Nairobi group were low (5-20 nmol/ml), but the Samburu population had even lower levels ranging from 3 to 15 nmol/ml (P<0.0001). Plasma lipid levels such as cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL/HDL, ApoB/ApoA ratios as well as BMI and weight were significantly higher in the Nairobi population (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low IGF-I and high IGFBP-1 levels of the Samburu cohorts indicate malnutrition. High lipid levels of the Nairobi cohorts indicate that these groups have several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes type2.
authors: Kenyatta University, School of Applied Human Sciences, Department of Exercise Recreation and Sports Science, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Theuri
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Dallner
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Brismar
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tekle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D007630:Kenya; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D008055:Lipids; D014451:Ubiquinone; D014810:Vitamin E; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; C024989:coenzyme Q10