title: Neck pain driving index: appropriateness of the rating scale and unidimensionality of the strategic, tactical, and operational levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish an appropriate scoring system using Rasch scores for the strategic, tactical, and operational levels of the Neck Pain Driving Index (NPDI) and to refine the NPDI by testing the unidimensionality of each driving performance level using Rasch analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) (N=123).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The NPDI, which was developed to evaluate self-reported driving difficulty in people with chronic WAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of Rasch analyses, modifications were made to the response format, changing it from a 0 to 4 scale (0=no difficulty, 1=slight difficulty, 2=moderate difficulty, 3=great difficulty, 4=unable to drive because of the injury) to a 0 to 3 scale (0=no difficulty, 1=slight difficulty, 2=moderate difficulty, 3=great difficulty and unable to drive because of the injury). Unidimensionality of the strategic and operational levels was confirmed. Modification of the tactical level was necessary to ensure its unidimensionality. After removing the tasks "driving near (your) collision site," "driving in a bad weather condition," and "driving at night," unidimensionality of the 4-item tactical level was confirmed. A 9-item NPDI was established. A table converting raw total scores into Rasch scores was created for each level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study established the 9-item NPDI, and its 3 subsections (strategic, tactical, and operational levels) are unidimensional. The magnitude of self-reported driving difficulty at each of the 3 subsections can be assessed with the use of a 0 to 3 scale and Rasch scores.
authors: NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence - Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. h.takasaki@uq.edu.au
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Takasaki
authors: Venerina
authors: V
authors: Johnston
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Treleaven
authors: Gwendolen
authors: G
authors: Jull
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000150:complications*; D062072:Patient Acuity; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Automobile driving; MnSq; NDI; NPDI; Neck Disability Index; Neck Pain Driving Index; Neck pain; Questionnaires; Rehabilitation; WAD; Whiplash injuries; mean square; whiplash-associated disorder