title: Guarding the green: pathways to stomatal immunity.
abstract: Guard cells regulate plant gas exchange and transpiration by modulation of stomatal aperture upon integrating external cues like photosynthetic effective illumination, CO2 levels and water availability and internal signals like abscisic acid (ABA). Being pores, stomata constitute a natural entry site for potentially harmful microbes. To prevent microbial invasion, stomata close upon perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), and this represents an important layer of active immunity at the preinvasive level. The signaling pathways leading to stomatal closure triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses employ several common components, such as reactive oxygen species, calcium, kinases, and hormones, suggesting considerable intersection between MAMP- and ABA-induced stomatal closures, which we will discuss in this review.
authors: Westfalische Wilhelms Universitat, Munster, Germany.
authors: Katja
authors: K
authors: Sawinski
authors: Sophia
authors: S
authors: Mersmann
authors: Silke
authors: S
authors: Robatzek
authors: Maik
authors: M
authors: Böhmer
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D002118:Calcium