title: Complications after polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) injections in the face: a literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article is a review of the several types of complications due to facial fillers containing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Polymethylmethacrylate facial fillers are used to soften the results of the ageing process and to augment tissue. Although considered safe for the most part by advocates, they have been associated with many adverse reactions such as ecchymosis, haematomas, swelling, itching, erythema, hypertrophic scarring, hypersensitivity, palpable nodules, tissue necrosis, blindness and foreign body granuloma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The articles presented in this review are the result of a search and selection of literature from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, which met the inclusion criteria for the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymethylmethacrylate is widely used because it is inexpensive, readily accessible and simple to apply. However, some complications are severe and permanent and can be confused with other types of stomatological lesions.
authors: Oral Medicine Division, São Lucas Hospital - Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: Clarissa C G
authors: CC
authors: Medeiros
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Cherubini
authors: Fernanda G
authors: FG
authors: Salum
authors: Maria Antonia Z
authors: MA
authors: de Figueiredo
mesh_terms: D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000067548:Dermal Fillers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000067548:Dermal Fillers; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate
keywords: adverse effects; facial fillers; foreign body reaction; oral medicine; oral pathology; polymethylmethacrylate