title: Oral L-glutamine increases active GLP-1 (7-36) amide secretion and improves glycemic control in stretpozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.
abstract: L-glutamine is a non-essential amino acid. It decreased blood sugar, stimulated insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic patients. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate L-glutamine increases glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-36) amide secretion in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NTM) induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. Molecular docking study was performed to elucidate the molecular basis for GLP-1 receptor agonistic activity. Type 2 diabetes was induced in overnight fasted Sprague Dawley rats pre-treated with nicotinamide (100 mg/kg, i.p.) followed by 20 min after administration of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.). The rats were divided into; I - nondiabetic, II - diabetic control, III - sitagliptin (5 mg/kg, p.o.), IV - L-glutamine (250 mg/kg, p.o.), V - L-glutamine (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and VI - L-glutamine (1000 mg/kg, p.o.). The L-glutamine and sitagliptin treatment was 8 week. Plasma glucose was estimated every week. Body weight, food and water intake were recorded daily. Glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profile, plasma and colonic active (GLP-1) (7-36) amide, mRNA expression of proglucagon GLP-1, plasma and pancreatic insulin, histology of pancreata and biomarkers of oxidative stress (superoxidase dismutase, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S transferase) were measured after 8 week. In acute study, the rats were divided into I - glucose (2.5 g/kg, p.o.), II - sitagliptin (5 mg/kg, p.o.), III - L-glutamine (250 mg/kg, p.o.), IV - L-glutamine (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and V - L-glutamine (1000 mg/kg, p.o.). Plasma glucose, active GLP-1 (7-36) amide concentration and insulin levels were measured after glucose loading. The docking data indicated that l-glutamine bind to the GLP-1 receptor. L-glutamine decreased plasma glucose, increased plasma and pancreatic insulin, increased plasma and colonic active GLP-1 (7-36) amide secretion as well as decreased oxidative stress in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector 21, Yamuna Nagar, Nigadi, Pune 411 044, India. sachinbadole8880@gmail.com
authors: Sachin L
authors: SL
authors: Badole
authors: Pranita P
authors: PP
authors: Bagul
authors: Sagar P
authors: SP
authors: Mahamuni
authors: Rekha D
authors: RD
authors: Khose
authors: Anuja C
authors: AC
authors: Joshi
authors: Ganesh B
authors: GB
authors: Jangam
authors: Arvindkumar E
authors: AE
authors: Ghule
authors: Chandrashekhar G
authors: CG
authors: Raut
authors: Vijay M
authors: VM
authors: Khedkar
authors: Evans C
authors: EC
authors: Coutinho
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D005973:Glutamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D009536:Niacinamide; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011719:Pyrazines; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D014230:Triazoles; C000593835:Glp1r protein, rat; C055453:glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide