title: Percent emphysema and right ventricular structure and function: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis-Lung and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis-Right Ventricle Studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe COPD can lead to cor pulmonale and emphysema and is associated with impaired left ventricular (LV) filling. We evaluated whether emphysema and airflow obstruction would be associated with changes in right ventricular (RV) structure and function and whether these associations would differ by smoking status.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) performed cardiac MRI on 5,098 participants without clinical cardiovascular disease aged 45 to 84 years. RV and emphysema measures were available for 4,188 participants. Percent emphysema was defined as the percentage of voxels below -910 Hounsfield units in the lung windows on cardiac CT scans. Generalized additive models were used to control for confounders and adjust for respective LV parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants consisted of 13% current smokers, 36% former smokers, and 52% never smokers. Percent emphysema was inversely associated with RV end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, cardiac output, and mass prior to adjustment for LV measures. After adjustment for LV end-diastolic volume, greater percent emphysema was associated with greater RV end-diastolic volume (+1.5 mL, P=.03) among current smokers, smaller RV end-diastolic volume (-0.8 mL, P=.02) among former smokers, and similar changes among never smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percent emphysema was associated with smaller RV volumes and lower mass. The relationship of emphysema to cardiac function is complex but likely involves increased pulmonary vascular resistance, predominantly with reduced cardiac output, pulmonary hyperinflation, and accelerated cardiopulmonary aging.
authors: Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Grau
authors: Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Electronic address: rgb9@columbia.edu.
authors: R Graham
authors: RG
authors: Barr
authors: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Joao A
authors: JA
authors: Lima
authors: University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
authors: Eric A
authors: EA
authors: Hoffman
authors: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD.
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Bluemke
authors: Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors: J Jeffrey
authors: JJ
authors: Carr
authors: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Harjit
authors: H
authors: Chahal
authors: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
authors: Paul L
authors: PL
authors: Enright
authors: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Aditya
authors: A
authors: Jain
authors: Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
authors: Martin R
authors: MR
authors: Prince
authors: Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors: Steven M
authors: SM
authors: Kawut
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D044383:Black People; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013147:Spirometry; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D044465:White People