title: Laparoscopic anatrophic nephrolithotomy for management of staghorn renal calculi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of staghorn renal stones is still challenging. We present our experience with laparoscopic anatrophic nephrolithotomy as an alternative option for management of staghorn renal calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with staghorn renal calculi underwent 25 laparoscopic anatrophic nephrolithtomy procedures. Characteristics of patients and stones along with perioperative features such as operation time, transfusion, ischemic time, hospitalization, stone-free rate, and biochemical data were recorded prospectively. We applied the one-layer knotless technique for renorrhaphy repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 55.1 ± 10.9 years (range, 28-74 years). Eleven (44%) operations were done on the right side, and 14 (56%) were done on the left side. Complete and partial staghorn stones existed in 17 (68%) and 8 (32%) renal units, respectively. The mean stone size was 61.5 ± 11.5 mm. Ischemic time was 30.4 ± 7.55 minutes. The stone-free rate was 88% on discharge and 92% after one session of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the standard of care for treatment of staghorn stone, laparoscopic anatrophic nephrolithotomy seems to be a safe and feasible option in select patients.
authors: Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. simforoosh@iurtc.org.ir
authors: Nasser
authors: N
authors: Simforoosh
authors: Mohammad Hadi
authors: MH
authors: Radfar
authors: Akbar
authors: A
authors: Nouralizadeh
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Tabibi
authors: Abbas
authors: A
authors: Basiri
authors: Seyed Amir
authors: SA
authors: Mohsen Ziaee
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Sarhangnejad
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Abedinzadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D007682:Kidney Pelvis; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies