title: Intracutaneous sterile water injection versus oral paracetamol for renal colic during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy of intracutaneous sterile water injection compared with oral paracetamol in pregnant women with acute renal colic caused by urolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 45 patients randomized into two different groups: Group A (n = 24) received paracetamol (1,000 mg, oral), while group B (n = 21) received sterile water injections. The severity of pain was assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS) system at baseline and at 15, 30 min, and 1 h after administering the treatments. Subjects with inadequate pain relief at 1 h received rescue analgesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VAS values prior to the start of therapy and 15, 30 min, and 1 h after therapy were 85.42 ± 10.62, 69.17 ± 8.3, 45.42 ± 12.5, and 32.08 ± 14.44 for the paracetamol group, while for the sterile water injection group, the VAS values were 90.48 ± 11.17, 30.95 ± 16.7, 14.76 ± 11.23, and 10.48 ± 8.65, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the starting VAS values of the two groups, but the VAS values 15, 30 min, and 1 h after paracetamol administration were statistically less in the group that received sterile water injections. Rescue analgesics at 1 h were required by eight subjects (33 %) receiving paracetamol and one subject (5 %) receiving sterile water injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intracutaneous injection of sterile water is an efficacious treatment for renal colic caused by urolithiasis in pregnant women. It was significantly superior to oral administration of paracetamol.
authors: Department of Urology, First People Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, Jiangsu province, China. xuepsun@126.com
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Xue
authors: Chuanquan
authors: C
authors: Tu
authors: Kunpeng
authors: K
authors: Wang
authors: Xiangbo
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Fang
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056844:Renal Colic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000150:complications; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D014867:Water; D000082:Acetaminophen