title: Neuroimaging markers of motor and nonmotor features of Parkinson's disease: an 18f fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to identify markers of motor and nonmotor function in Parkinson's disease (PD) using advanced neuroimaging techniques in subjects with PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 26 nondemented PD subjects and 12 control subjects. All subjects underwent [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (FDG-PET) and magnetic resonance imaging, and a complete neuropsychological battery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FDG-PET of subjects with PD revealed significant metabolic elevations in the bilateral posterior lentiform nucleus, posterior cingulate, and parahippocampus, and metabolic reductions in the bilateral temporoparietal association cortex and occipital lobe versus controls. PD subjects had significant reductions in executive/attention function, memory/verbal learning, and speed of thinking, and significantly increased depression, anxiety and apathy scores compared with controls. Motor dysfunction correlated with increased metabolism in the posterior lentiform nucleus, pons, and cerebellum, and decreased metabolism in the temporoparietal lobe. Cognitive dysfunction correlated with increased posterior cingulate metabolism and decreased temporoparietal lobe metabolism. Depressive symptoms correlated with increased amygdala metabolism; anxiety scores correlated with decreased caudate metabolism, and apathy scores correlated with increased metabolism in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal lobe and decreased metabolism in the temporoparietal association cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed that motor, cognitive, and emotional dysfunction in PD are associated with distinct patterns of cerebral metabolic changes.
authors: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA. chh2019 @ med.cornell.edu
authors: Chaorui
authors: C
authors: Huang
authors: Lisa D
authors: LD
authors: Ravdin
authors: Melissa J
authors: MJ
authors: Nirenberg
authors: Panida
authors: P
authors: Piboolnurak
authors: Lawrence
authors: L
authors: Severt
authors: James S
authors: JS
authors: Maniscalco
authors: Lilja
authors: L
authors: Solnes
authors: Benjamin J
authors: BJ
authors: Dorfman
authors: Claire
authors: C
authors: Henchcliffe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18