title: Epidemiological and clinical features of moyamoya disease in the USA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increasing number of cases of Moyamoya disease have been reported in the Japanese and US literature. We performed this study to quantify the rise in the prevalence of Moyamoya disease and to study the unique epidemiological and clinical features in the USA that may explain a change in incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data derived from patients entered in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2005 and 2008, using ICD-9 codes for Moyamoya disease. Data including patient age, gender, ethnicity, secondary diagnosis, medical complications, and hospital costs were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2005 to 2008 in the USA, there were an estimated 7,473 patients admitted with a primary or secondary diagnosis of Moyamoya disease. Patients admitted with Moyamoya disease were most frequently women and Caucasian. Overall, ischemic stroke was the most common reason for admission. Hemorrhagic stroke was more frequent in adults compared with children, 18.1 versus 1.5% (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of patients identified and admitted with Moyamoya disease has risen dramatically in the last decade. This study can lead to a better understanding of the disease pattern and healthcare consequences in the USA and suggests that pathophysiologic differences in Moyamoya disease may exist.
authors: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Center, Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. daraspreetk@yahoo.com
authors: Daraspreet
authors: D
authors: Kainth
authors: Saqib A
authors: SA
authors: Chaudhry
authors: Hunar
authors: H
authors: Kainth
authors: Fareed K
authors: FK
authors: Suri
authors: Adnan I
authors: AI
authors: Qureshi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology