title: Plant-pollinator interactions over 120 years: loss of species, co-occurrence, and function.
abstract: Using historic data sets, we quantified the degree to which global change over 120 years disrupted plant-pollinator interactions in a temperate forest understory community in Illinois, USA. We found degradation of interaction network structure and function and extirpation of 50% of bee species. Network changes can be attributed to shifts in forb and bee phenologies resulting in temporal mismatches, nonrandom species extinctions, and loss of spatial co-occurrences between extant species in modified landscapes. Quantity and quality of pollination services have declined through time. The historic network showed flexibility in response to disturbance; however, our data suggest that networks will be less resilient to future changes.
authors: Washington University, Department of Biology, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. laura.burkle@montana.edu
authors: Laura A
authors: LA
authors: Burkle
authors: John C
authors: JC
authors: Marlin
authors: Tiffany M
authors: TM
authors: Knight
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000502:physiology*; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development; D007087:Illinois; D006109:Poaceae / Q000254:growth & development*; D054817:Pollination; D029622:Portulacaceae / Q000254:growth & development; D014197:Trees / Q000254:growth & development*