title: Long-term control of non-infectious paediatric panuveitis refractory to traditional immunesuppressive therapy, successfully treated with Adalimumab (HumiraTM).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to present two cases of severe idiopathic non-infectious paediatric panuveitis, unresponsive to traditional therapy, successfully treated with Adalimumab (HumiraTM, Abbott Pharmaceutical Inc.) in the long term.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of the two cases are presented and the literature is reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At base line, case 1 had 0.2 in the RE and 0.5 in the LE, while case 2 had 0.5 and 0.4 in the RE and LE, respectively. The anterior chamber (AC) of case 1 had 3+ cells and 3+ flare in both eyes, as well as diffuse keratic precipitates (Kps). Case 2 presented 2+ cells and 3+ flare in both eyes, as well as tiny Kps in the inferior part of the endothelium. The Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy (BIO) score was +2 in both eyes of case 1 and case 2 at first examination. After Adalimumab initiation, both patients presented a dramatic resolution of the ocular inflammation, as well as a rapid improvement of the BCVA. Case 1 had 0.8 and 1.0 in the RE and the LE, respectively, while case 2 presented 1.0 in both eyes. At the last visit, both patients presented a quiet uveitis and stable BCVA: case 1 had 0.8 and 1.0 in the RE and the LE, respectively, while case 2 presented 1.0 in both eyes. No side effects were recorded during this time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adalimumab can be a promising drug for the therapy of severe, refractory paediatric uveitis, although further studies are needed on its application in uveitis.
authors: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy. p.neri@univpm.it
authors: Piergiorgio
authors: P
authors: Neri
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Eandi
authors: Ilir
authors: I
authors: Arapi
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Posarelli
authors: Cesare
authors: C
authors: Mariotti
authors: Alfonso
authors: A
authors: Giovannini
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000293:Adolescent; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015864:Panuveitis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068879:Adalimumab