title: Interference of propofol with signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 activation and cardioprotection by remote ischemic preconditioning during coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Remote ischemic preconditioning protects the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury. We recently identified protection by remote ischemic preconditioning to be associated with the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 in left ventricular biopsy specimens of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting during isoflurane anesthesia. Because remote ischemic preconditioning did not protect the heart during propofol anesthesia, we hypothesized that propofol anesthesia interferes with signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study, we analyzed an array of established cardioprotective proteins during propofol anesthesia with or without remote ischemic preconditioning in 24 nondiabetic patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remote ischemic preconditioning (n = 12) compared with no remote ischemic preconditioning (n = 12) failed to decrease the area under the troponin I time curve (273 ± 184 ng/mL × 72 hours vs 365 ± 301 ng/mL × 72 hours; P = .374). Although phosphorylation of several protein kinases was increased from baseline to reperfusion, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation was not increased and was not different between the remote ischemic preconditioning and no remote ischemic preconditioning groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remote ischemic preconditioning during propofol anesthesia did not evoke either signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 activation or cardioprotection, implying interaction of propofol with cardioprotective signaling upstream of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5.
authors: Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: eva.kottenberg@uni-duisburg-essen.de.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Kottenberg
authors: Institut für Pathophysiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: Judith
authors: J
authors: Musiolik
authors: Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Thielmann
authors: Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: Heinz
authors: H
authors: Jakob
authors: Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Peters
authors: Institut für Pathophysiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors: Gerd
authors: G
authors: Heusch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015415:Biomarkers; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; C494092:STAT5A protein, human; C494095:STAT5B protein, human; D019210:Troponin I; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D015742:Propofol
keywords: 1; 31; 38; CABG; CPB; LV; RIPC; STAT; area under the cTnI time curve; cTnI; cTnI AUC; cardiac troponin I; cardiopulmonary bypass; coronary artery bypass grafting; left ventricular; remote ischemic preconditioning; signal transducer and activator of transcription