title: Rice bran enzymatic extract restores endothelial function and vascular contractility in obese rats by reducing vascular inflammation and oxidative stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rice bran enzymatic extract (RBEE) used in this study has shown beneficial activities against dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertension. Our aim was to investigate the effects of a diet supplemented with RBEE in vascular impairment developed in obese Zucker rats and to evaluate the main mechanisms mediating this action.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese Zucker rats were fed a 1% and 5% RBEE-supplemented diet (O1% and O5%). Obese and their lean littermates fed a standard diet were used as controls (OC and LC, respectively). Vascular function was evaluated in aortic rings in organ baths. The role of nitric oxide (NO) was investigated by using NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors. Aortic expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits and superoxide production in arterial wall were determined. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular hyperreactivity to phenylephrine in obese rats were ameliorated by RBEE treatment, particularly with 1% RBEE. Up-regulation of eNOS protein expression in RBEE-treated aortas should contribute to this activity. RBEE attenuated vascular inflammation by reducing aortic iNOS and TNF-α expression. Aortas from RBEE-treated groups showed a significant decrease of superoxide production and down-regulation of NADPH oxidase subunits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RBEE treatment restored endothelial function and vascular contractility in obese Zucker rats through a reduction of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. These results show the nutraceutical potential of RBEE to prevent obesity-related vascular complications.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors: Maria Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Justo
authors: Manila
authors: M
authors: Candiracci
authors: Ana Paula
authors: AP
authors: Dantas
authors: Maria Alvarez
authors: MA
authors: de Sotomayor
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Parrado
authors: Elisabet
authors: E
authors: Vila
authors: Maria Dolores
authors: MD
authors: Herrera
authors: Rosalia
authors: R
authors: Rodriguez-Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009249:NADP / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009249:NADP; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat
keywords: Obesity; Rice bran; Vascular dysfunction; Vascular inflammation; Vascular oxidative stress