title: Cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses to enterovirus 71 infections in young children: implications for vaccine development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, enterovirus 71 (EV71) has caused life-threatening outbreaks involving neurological and cardiopulmonary complications in Asian children with unknown mechanism. EV71 has one single serotype but can be phylogenetically classified into 3 main genogroups (A, B and C) and 11 genotypes (A, B1∼B5 and C1∼C5). In Taiwan, nationwide EV71 epidemics with different predominant genotypes occurred in 1998 (C2), 2000-2001 (B4), 2004-2005 (C4), and 2008 (B5). In this study, sera were collected to measure cross-reactive neutralizing antibody titers against different genotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected historical sera from children who developed an EV71 infection in 1998, 2000, 2005, 2008, or 2010 and measured cross-reactive neutralizing antibody titers against all 11 EV71 genotypes. In addition, we aligned and compared the amino acid sequences of P1 proteins of the tested viruses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serology data showed that children infected with genogroups B and C consistently have lower neutralizing antibody titers against genogroup A (>4-fold difference). The sequence comparisons revealed that five amino acid signatures (N143D in VP2; K18R, H116Y, D167E, and S275A in VP1) are specific for genogroup A and may be related to the observed antigenic variations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study documented antigenic variations among different EV71 genogroups and identified potential immunodominant amino acid positions. Enterovirus surveillance and vaccine development should monitor these positions.
authors: National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan.
authors: Mei-Liang
authors: ML
authors: Huang
authors: Pai-Shan
authors: PS
authors: Chiang
authors: Min-Yuan
authors: MY
authors: Chia
authors: Shu-Ting
authors: ST
authors: Luo
authors: Luan-Yin
authors: LY
authors: Chang
authors: Tzou-Yien
authors: TY
authors: Lin
authors: Mei-Shang
authors: MS
authors: Ho
authors: Min-Shi
authors: MS
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003429:Cross Reactions; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013624:Taiwan; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines