title: The relationship between the changes in three-dimensional facial morphology and mandibular movement after orthognathic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in three-dimensional (3D) facial morphology and mandibular movement after orthognathic surgery. We hypothesized that facial morphology changes after orthognathic surgery exert effects on 3D mandibular movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective follow-up study of patients who had undergone orthognathic surgical procedures. Three-dimensional facial morphological values were measured from facial CT images before and three months after orthognathic surgery. Three-dimensional maximum mandibular opening (MMO) values of four points (bilateral condylions, infradentale, and pogonion) were also measured using a mandibular movement tracking and simulation system. The predictor variables were changes in morphological parameters divided into two groups (deviated side (DS) or contralateral side (CS) groups), and the outcome variables were changes in the MMO at four points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 21 subjects who had undergone orthognathic surgical procedures. Alterations in the TFH (total facial height), LFH (lower facial height), CS MBL (mandibular body length), and DS RL (ramus length) were negatively correlated with changes in bilateral condylar movement. The UFH, DS MBL and CS ML (mandibular length) showed correlations with infradentale movement. The CS ML, DS ML, MBL, UFH, and SNB were correlated with pogonion movement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The height of the face is most likely to affect post-operative mandibular movement, and is negatively correlated with movement changes in the condyles, infradentale and pogonion. The changes in CS morphological parameters are more correlated with mandibular movement changes than the DS. The changes in CS MBL and bilateral RL were negatively correlated with condylar movement changes, while the bilateral MBL and CS ML were positively correlated with changes in infradentale and pogonion.
authors: Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science Major, College of Medicine, BK21, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Dae-Seung
authors: DS
authors: Kim
authors: Kyung-Hoe
authors: KH
authors: Huh
authors: Sam-Sun
authors: SS
authors: Lee
authors: Min-Suk
authors: MS
authors: Heo
authors: Soon-Chul
authors: SC
authors: Choi
authors: Soon-Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Hwang
authors: Won-Jin
authors: WJ
authors: Yi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000473:pathology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002680:Chin / Q000473:pathology; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000379:methods; D059229:Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014716:Vertical Dimension; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Contralateral side morphological changes; Height of face; Orthognathic surgery; Three-dimensional facial morphology changes; Three-dimensional mandibular movement changes