title: Type 1 diabetes structured education: What are the core self-management behaviours?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Study aims were to (1) describe and compare the way diabetes structured education courses have evolved in the UK, (2) identify and agree components of course curricula perceived as core across courses and (3) identify and classify self-care behaviours in order to develop a questionnaire assessment tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured education courses were selected through the Type 1 diabetes education network. Curricula from five courses were examined and nine educators from those courses were interviewed. Transcripts were analysed using framework analysis. Fourteen key stakeholders attended a consensus meeting, to identify and classify Type 1 diabetes self-care behaviours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-three courses were identified. Components of course curricula perceived as core by all diabetes educators were: carbohydrate counting and insulin dose adjustment, hypoglycaemia management, group work, goal setting and empowerment, confidence and control. The broad areas of self-management behaviour identified at the consensus meeting were carbohydrate counting and awareness, insulin dose adjustment, self-monitoring of blood glucose, managing hypoglycaemia, managing equipment and injection sites; and accessing health care. Specific self-care behaviours within each area were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Planned future work will develop an updated questionnaire tool to access self-care behaviours. This will enable assessment of the effectiveness of existing structured education programmes at producing desired changes in behaviour. It will also help people with diabetes and their healthcare team identify areas where additional support is needed to initiate or maintain changes in behaviour. Provision of such support may improve glycaemia and reduce diabetes-related complications and severe hypoglycaemia.
authors: School of Translational Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. laura.grant-2@manchester.ac.uk
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Grant
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Lawton
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Hopkins
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Elliott
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lucas
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Clark
authors: I
authors: I
authors: MacLellan
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Davies
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Heller
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Cooke
mesh_terms: D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003479:Curriculum / Q000639:trends; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007390:International Agencies; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D012648:Self Care; D013222:State Medicine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D000078329:Workforce
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin