title: Temporal resolution and motion artifacts in single-source and dual-source cardiac CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The temporal resolution of a given image in cardiac computed tomography (CT) has so far mostly been determined from the amount of CT data employed for the reconstruction of that image. The purpose of this paper is to examine the applicability of such measures to the newly introduced modality of dual-source CT as well as to methods aiming to provide improved temporal resolution by means of an advanced image reconstruction algorithm.
  
  
  METHODS
  To provide a solid base for the examinations described in this paper, an extensive review of temporal resolution in conventional single-source CT is given first. Two different measures for assessing temporal resolution with respect to the amount of data involved are introduced, namely, either taking the full width at half maximum of the respective data weighting function (FWHM-TR) or the total width of the weighting function (total TR) as a base of the assessment. Image reconstruction using both a direct fan-beam filtered backprojection with Parker weighting as well as using a parallel-beam rebinning step are considered. The theory of assessing temporal resolution by means of the data involved is then extended to dual-source CT. Finally, three different advanced iterative reconstruction methods that all use the same input data are compared with respect to the resulting motion artifact level. For brevity and simplicity, the examinations are limited to two-dimensional data acquisition and reconstruction. However, all results and conclusions presented in this paper are also directly applicable to both circular and helical cone-beam CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While the concept of total TR can directly be applied to dual-source CT, the definition of the FWHM of a weighting function needs to be slightly extended to be applicable to this modality. The three different advanced iterative reconstruction methods examined in this paper result in significantly different images with respect to their motion artifact level, despite exactly the same amount of data being used in the reconstruction process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concept of assessing temporal resolution by means of the data employed for reconstruction can nicely be extended from single-source to dual-source CT. However, for advanced (possibly nonlinear iterative) reconstruction algorithms the examined approach fails to deliver accurate results. New methods and measures to assess the temporal resolution of CT images need to be developed to be able to accurately compare the performance of such algorithms.
authors: Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Computed Tomography, 91301 Forchheim, Germany. harald.schoendube@siemens.com
authors: Harald
authors: H
authors: Schöndube
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Allmendinger
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Stierstorfer
authors: Herbert
authors: H
authors: Bruder
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Flohr
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009068:Movement; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*