title: Antibiofilm activity, pH and solubility of endodontic sealers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis, pH and solubility of AH Plus, Sealer 26, Epiphany SE, Sealapex, Activ GP, MTA Fillapex (MTA-F) and an experimental MTA-based Sealer (MTA-S).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sealer samples were manipulated and stored for 2 or 7 days. Prepared sealers were evaluated by a modified direct contact test (DCT) for 5 h, 10 h or 15 h with biofilm previously induced on bovine dentine for 14 days. In the control group, the biofilm was not exposed to the sealers. The number of colony-forming units (CFU mL(-1) ) in the remaining biofilm was determined. Sealer solubility was assessed by the percentage of mass loss after 15 h of immersion in distilled water. Sealer pH was measured at 5 h, 10 h and 15 h. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn or anova and Tamhane's T2 tests, at 5% significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 days post-manipulation, the DCT showed that Sealapex and MTA-F were associated with a reduction in the number of bacteria in all 3 contact periods evaluated, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). At 7 days, Sealapex had the greatest antibiofilm action at 10 h and 15 h. Sealapex had the highest pH values 2 and 7 days post-manipulation. Regarding the solubility, at 2 days the highest values were observed for MTA-F, MTA-S, Sealapex and Activ GP (P < 0.05). At 7 days, MTA-S and MTA-F had greater solubility than the other materials (P < 0.05). AH Plus had the lowest solubility for both post-manipulation periods (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sealapex and MTA-F were associated with a reduction in the number of bacteria in biofilms and had greater solubility. The high solubility and pH may be related to the antibacterial activity of these materials.
authors: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.
authors: N B
authors: NB
authors: Faria-Júnior
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tanomaru-Filho
authors: F L C V
authors: FL
authors: Berbert
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Guerreiro-Tanomaru
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012459:Salicylates; C080620:Sealer 26; D017640:Silicates; C528807:activ GP sealer; C486893:epiphany sealer; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D014867:Water; C055601:Sealapex; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D001729:Bismuth
keywords: antibacterial activity; endodontic sealers; pH; solubility