title: Long-term efficacy of a program to prevent beryllium disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2000, a manufacturer of beryllium materials and products introduced a comprehensive program to prevent beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). We assessed the program's efficacy in preventing sensitization 9 years after implementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Current and former workers hired since program implementation completed questionnaires and provided blood samples for the beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT). Using these data, as well as company medical surveillance data, we estimated beryllium sensitization prevalence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-sectional prevalence of sensitization was 0.7% (2/298). Combining survey results with surveillance results, a total of seven were identified as sensitized (2.3%). Early Program workers were more likely to be sensitized than Late Program workers; one of the latter was newly identified. All sensitization was identified while participants were employed. One worker was diagnosed with CBD during employment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of increased respiratory and dermal protection, enclosure and improved ventilation of high-risk processes, dust migration control, improved housekeeping, and worker and management education showed utility in reducing sensitization in the program's first 9 years. The low rate (0.6%, 1/175) among Late Program workers suggests that continuing refinements have provided additional protection against sensitization compared to the program's early years.
authors: Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
authors: Carrie A
authors: CA
authors: Thomas
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Deubner
authors: Marcia L
authors: ML
authors: Stanton
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Kreiss
authors: Christine R
authors: CR
authors: Schuler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001607:Berylliosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001608:Beryllium / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011379:Prognosis; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011481:Protective Clothing; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001608:Beryllium