title: Cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: There is growing evidence that cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CVRCO2) is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preclinical and animal studies suggest chronic hypercontractility in brain vessels in AD. We review (a) preclinical studies of mechanisms for impaired CVRCO2 in AD; (b) clinical studies of cerebrovascular function in subjects with AD dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal cognition. Although results of clinical studies are inconclusive, an increasing number of reports reveal an impairment of vascular reactivity to carbon dioxide in subjects with AD, and possibly also in MCI. Thus, CVRCO2 may be an attractive means to detect an early vascular dysfunction in subjects at risk.
authors.affiliation: Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Lidia.Glodzik@nyumc.org
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Glodzik
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rusinek
authors.forename: Mony J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Leon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide