title: Direct trocar insertion for laparoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Veress needle (VN) technique for establishing pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery is widely used and yet is associated with slow insufflation rates and potentially life-threatening complications. Although these complications have been rarely reported, they represent a major source of morbidity and mortality from laparoscopic procedures and a major reason for conversion to open surgery. The open laparoscopy (OL) is an alternative to the VN technique, being relatively safer, even if considered cumbersome by many authors. Recently, the direct trocar insertion (DTI) technique of establishing pneumoperitoneum has been reported as an alternative to both techniques, but it is largely confined to gynecologic procedures. We report a case-series study where we evaluate the patients who underwent a DTI entry for laparoscopy during a recent 5-year period, focusing attention on feasibility, safety, and the benefits of DTI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case series of 2175 different laparoscopic procedures (1456 [66.9%] scheduled cases and 719 [33%] emergencies). In 2091 (96.1%) of them (1425 [68.1%] scheduled cases and 666 [31.8%] emergencies), pneumoperitoneum was established with DTI, either in the umbilicus or in Palmer's point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no injuries, either minor or major. Peritoneal access and the creation of a laparoscopic workplace were obtained quickly and efficiently by DTI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that DTI is a fast, safe, and reliable alternative to traditional techniques for pneumoperitoneum establishment and should be regarded as a part of the surgical armamentarium of a trained laparoscopic surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale Civile, Via Forlanini 71, Vittorio Veneto (TV), Italy. fagresta@libero.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agresta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzarolo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bedin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000601:surgery