title: Use of microcapsules with electrostatically immobilized bacterial cells or enzyme extract to remove nonylphenol in wastewater sludge.
abstract: We investigated the use of a high-voltage electrostatic system to immobilize bacterial cells or enzyme extract in alginate microcapsules for removing nonylphenol (NP) from wastewater sludge. With applied potential increased from 0 to 12kV, the gel bead diameter decreased from 950 to 250 μm. The amount of bacterial cells or enzyme extract immobilized in alginate microcapsules was greater than that in suspension, for improved tolerance to environmental loadings. Removal of NP at 2.0-20.0 mg L(-1) was greater with extract- than cell-containing microcapsules. The percentage of toxic chemicals (2.0 mg L(-1)) removed with alginate microcapsules, in descending order of magnitude, was bisphenol-F>bisphenol-A>NP>oxytetracycline>chlortetracycline>tetracycline>dibromodiphenyl ethers>tetrabromobisphenol-A>decabromodiphenyl ether.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Yin
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Zheng-Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bea-Ven
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D001407:Bacillus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D002214:Capsules; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000201:enzymology; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D055672:Static Electricity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D002214:Capsules; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D010636:Phenols; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C025256:nonylphenol