title: Neurologic manifestations of Angelman syndrome.
abstract: Angelman syndrome is a neurogenetic disorder characterized by the loss or reduction of the ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A enzyme. Angelman syndrome results from a deletion or mutation of the maternally inherited 15q11.2-13.1 region, paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15, or an imprinting error. Epilepsy is common and may present with multiple seizure types, including nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Seizures are often intractable and typically require broad-spectrum antiepileptic medications. Dietary therapy has also proved successful in Angelman syndrome. Electroencephalographic patterns include notched δ and rhythmic θ activity and epileptiform discharges. Sleep disorders are also common, often characterized by abnormal sleep-wake cycles. Movement disorders are nearly universal in Angelman syndrome, most frequently presenting with ataxia and tremor. Neurocognitive impairment is always present to varying degrees, and expressive speech is typically severely affected. Individuals with Angelman syndrome often manifest psychiatric comorbidities including hyperactivity, anxiety, and challenging behaviors such as aggression and self-injury. We focus on a comprehensive whole-child approach to the diagnosis and long-term clinical care of individuals with Angelman syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Epilepsy Program and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Thibert
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Annabel R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Raby
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Thiele
mesh_terms: D017204:Angelman Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology