title: Association between polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin system genes and prevalence of spontaneously aborted fetuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The renin-angiotensin system is associated with angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, prenatal development, and Th2 cytokine production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether polymorphisms in angiotensin I-converting enzyme [ACE insertion/deletion (I/D)], angiotensinogen (AGT M235T), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R 1166A>C) affect the prevalence of spontaneously aborted fetuses (SAFs).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety-eight SAFs were <20 weeks of gestational age. The control subjects were 103 healthy children and 640 adults collected from a convenience sample. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were performed to identify the ACE I/D, AGT M235T, and AT1R 1166A>C genotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  II/MM/AA, II/MT/AA, and II/TT/AC of ACE/AGT/AT1R were significantly different from controls. In particular, the statistical significance of the II/MM/AA genotype remained strong in chromosomally normal SAFs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the II/MM/AA of ACE/AGT/AT1R is a possible predisposing factor for spontaneous abortion.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Ji Hyang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bo Eun
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyungchul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rah
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hojeong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Dong Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Tae Ki
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Woo Sik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Nam Keun
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D037881:Aborted Fetus; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D000293:Adolescent; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: Polymorphism; renin-angiotensin system; spontaneous abortion; spontaneously aborted fetuses