title: Stabilization of Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ contaminated firing range soil using calcined oyster shells and waste cow bones.
abstract: Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) contamination at army firing ranges poses serious environmental and health risks to nearby communities necessitating an immediate and prompt remedial action. In this study, a novel mixture of calcined oyster shells (COSs) and waste cow bones (WCBs) was utilized to immobilize Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) in army firing range soils. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated based on the Korean Standard leaching test. The treatment results showed that Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) immobilization in the army firing range soil was effective in significantly reducing Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) leachability upon the combined treatment with COS and WCB. A drastic reduction in Pb(2+) (99%) and Cu(2+) leachability (95%) was obtained as compared to the control sample, upon treatment with 5 wt.% COS and 5 wt.% WCB. The combination treatment of COS and WCB was more effective for Pb immobilization, than the treatment with COS or WCB alone. The 5 wt.% COS alone treatment resulted in 95% reduction in Cu(2+) leachability. The SEM-EDX results suggested that Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) immobilization was most probably associated with the formation of ettringite, pozzolanic reaction products and pyromorphite-like phases at the same time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea. dmoon10@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Deok Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Kyung Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Jeehyeong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khim
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wazne
authors.forename: Seunghun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Jeong-Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yoon-Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yong Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ok
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D002119:Calcium Carbonate