title: Coarse-to-fine construction for high-resolution representation in visual working memory.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study explored whether the high-resolution representations created by visual working memory (VWM) are constructed in a coarse-to-fine or all-or-none manner. The coarse-to-fine hypothesis suggests that coarse information precedes detailed information in entering VWM and that its resolution increases along with the processing time of the memory array, whereas the all-or-none hypothesis claims that either both enter into VWM simultaneously, or neither does.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We tested the two hypotheses by asking participants to remember two or four complex objects. An ERP component, contralateral delay activity (CDA), was used as the neural marker. CDA is higher for four objects than for two objects when coarse information is primarily extracted; yet, this CDA difference vanishes when detailed information is encoded. Experiment 1 manipulated the comparison difficulty of the task under a 500-ms exposure time to determine a condition in which the detailed information was maintained. No CDA difference was found between two and four objects, even in an easy-comparison condition. Thus, Experiment 2 manipulated the memory array's exposure time under the easy-comparison condition and found a significant CDA difference at 100 ms while replicating Experiment 1's results at 500 ms. In Experiment 3, the 500-ms memory array was blurred to block the detailed information; this manipulation reestablished a significant CDA difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the creation of high-resolution representations in VWM is a coarse-to-fine process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zaifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Junying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Rende
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult