title: Fish consumption and incidence of heart failure: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between fish consumption and heart failure (HF) incidence is inconsistent.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic search of Pubmed and Embase (from 1953 to June 2012) using key words related to fish and HF. Studies with at least three categories of fish consumption reporting both relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for HF incidence were included. The pooled RR and 95%CI were calculated using a fixed or random-effects model. The generalized least squares regression model was used to quantify the dose-response relationship between fish consumption and HF incidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five prospective cohort studies including 4750 HF events of 170 231 participants with an average of 9.7-year follow-up were selected and identified. Compared with those who never ate fish, individuals with higher fish consumption had a lower HF incidence. The pooled RRs for HF incidence was 0.99 (95%CI, 0.91 to 1.08) for fish consumption 1 to 3 times per month, 0.91 (95%CI, 0.84 to 0.99) for once a week, 0.87 (95%CI, 0.81 to 0.95) for 2 to 4 times per week, and 0.86 (95%CI, 0.84 to 0.99) for 5 or more times per week. An increment of 20 g of daily fish intake was related to a 6% lower risk of HF (RR: 0.94, 95%CI, 0.90 to 0.97; P for trend = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis suggests that there is a dose-dependent inverse relationship between fish consumption and HF incidence. Fish intake once or more times a week could reduce HF incidence.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics and Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Yue-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Cheng-hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Han-jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Xian-liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Li-huan
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yong-jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ru-tai
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Hui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017747:Seafood