title: P. aeruginosa in the paranasal sinuses and transplanted lungs have similar adaptive mutations as isolates from chronically infected CF lungs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells are present as biofilms in the paranasal sinuses and the lungs of chronically infected cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Since different inflammatory responses and selective antibiotic pressures are acting in the sinuses compared with the lungs, we compared the adaptive profiles of mucoid and non-mucoid isolates from the two locations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the genetic basis of phenotypic diversification and gene expression profiles in sequential lung and sinus P. aeruginosa isolates from four chronically infected CF patients, including pre- and post-lung transplantation isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The same phenotypes caused by similar mutations and similar gene expression profiles were found in mucoid and non-mucoid isolates from the paranasal sinuses and from the lungs before and after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral exchange of P. aeruginosa isolates between the paranasal sinuses and the lungs occurs in chronically infected patients and extensive sinus surgery before the lung transplantation might prevent infection of the new lung.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Unit of Bacteriology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: ociofu@sund.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Oana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ciofu
authors.forename: Helle Krogh
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Kasper
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aanaes
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wassermann
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alhede
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Buchwald
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Høiby
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology*; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000382:microbiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification