title: Effects of gender on severity, management and outcome in acute biliary pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study to examine gender differences in severity, management, and outcome among patients with acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) because available data are insufficient and conflicting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 13,110 patients (50.6% male) with first-attack ABP from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2009. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included the development of severe ABP and the provision of treatment measures. Gender difference was assessed using multivariable analyses with generalized estimating equations models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds of gastrointestinal bleeding (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.76) and local complication (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.05-1.82) were 44% and 38% higher in men than in women, respectively. Compared with women, men had 24% higher odds of receiving total parenteral nutrition (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.00-1.52), but had 18% and 41% lower odds of receiving cholecystectomy (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72-0.93) and hemodialysis (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42-0.83), respectively. Hospital mortality was higher in men than in women (1.8% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, men had 81% higher odds of in-hospital death than women (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.15-2.86). Among patients with severe ABP, hospital mortality was 11.0% and 7.5% in men and women (p<0.001), respectively. The adjusted odds of death remained higher in men than in women with severe ABP (aOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.10-2.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender is an important determinant of outcome in patients with ABP and may affect their treatment measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Nien
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Wen-Ching
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chin-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chung-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013624:Taiwan; D016896:Treatment Outcome