title: Omega-3 fatty acids, polymorphisms and lipid related cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Inuit population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue concentrations of fatty acids (FAs) and genetic variations are well-known factors which affect the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The objective was to examine whether the genetic variability of 20 candidate genes and red blood cells (RBCs) percentage of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), a biomarker of dietary n-3 PUFA intake, modulate lipid related CVD risk factors in the Inuit population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Qanuippitaa Nunavik Health Survey (n = 553) were analysed via multivariate regression models with 40 known polymorphisms, RBCs percentage of n-3 PUFA, and the interaction term to take into account the effect on plasma lipid and apolipoporotein levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals being heterozygotes for CETP C-4502T (rs183130) or G-971A (rs4783961) together with higher n-3 PUFA had lower triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations compared to homozygotes for the minor allele. Further, effects of a stronger beneficial association between n-3 PUFA in RBCs and plasma lipid parameters- including lower total cholesterol (TC), lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations- were associated with AGT M235T (rs699) TT genotype, CETP G-971A (rs4783961) AG genotype, T allele carriers of CETP C-4502T (rs183130), and T allele carriers of CETP Ile405Val (rs5882). In contrast, higher n-3 PUFA in RBCs were associated with adverse lipid profiles- including increased LDL-C, increased apolipoprotein B100 or decreased HDL-C concentrations- in G allele carriers of the APOA5 -3 A/G (rs651821), C allele carriers of APOA5 T-1131C (rs662799), G carriers of APOC3 SstI (rs5128) and G carriers of APOA4 Asn147Ser (rs5104).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these results suggest that percentage of total n-3 PUFA of RBCs are associated with lipids related CVD risk factors conferred by genetic variations in the Inuit population.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440, boulevard Hochelaga, Québec, QC, Canada. marie-claude.vohl@fsaa.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rudkowska
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ouellette
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dewailly
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hegele
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boiteau
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dubé-Linteau
authors.forename: Belkacem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abdous
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Proust
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Giguère
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Julien
authors.forename: Marie-Ludivine
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Château-Degat
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vohl