title: Intrasphenoidal Meningo-encephalocele: Report of two rare cases and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transsphenoidal encephaloceles represent a rare clinical entity with wide range of symptoms in adult. Such lesions require accurate diagnosis and surgical treatment. The incidence of congenital encephalocele is very low occurring in approximately 1 in 3000-5000 live births. Even though 63 similar cases have been reported in the literature not all of them have been discussed completely. Due to the rare occurrence of these lesions, we will focus on the main clues in the diagnosis and management of such lesions, which are challenging.
  
  
  METHODS
  We intend to present our experience with two cases of trans-sphenoidal meningoencephalocels, one located medially and the other herniating through the Sternberg's canal. The younger was 17 and the elder was 47 years old and both of them presented with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Both patients were treated successfully using pure endoscopic endonasal approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ideal surgical approach for such patients is still not clear due to lack of adequate experience in the literature, it is suggested that full preoperative imaging studies might lead the surgeons to undertake minimally invasive skull base approaches in similar patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanjari
authors.forename: Seyed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.forename: R Shams
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Amiri
authors.forename: S H Samimi
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ardestani
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amirjamshidi
keywords: Basal encephalocele; cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea; intra-sphenoidal encephalocele; lateral cranio-pharyngeal canal; trans-sellar meningo-encephalocele