title: An fMRI compatible wrist robotic interface to study brain development in neonates.
abstract: A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that underlie brain development in premature infants and newborns is crucial for the identification of interventional therapies and rehabilitative strategies. fMRI has the potential to identify such mechanisms, but standard techniques used in adults cannot be implemented in infant studies in a straightforward manner. We have developed an MR safe wrist stimulating robot to systematically investigate the functional brain activity related to both spontaneous and induced wrist movements in premature babies using fMRI. We present the technical aspects of this development and the results of validation experiments. Using the device, the cortical activity associated with both active and passive finger movements were reliably identified in a healthy adult subject. In two preterm infants, passive wrist movements induced a well localized positive BOLD response in the contralateral somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, in a single preterm infant, spontaneous wrist movements were found to be associated with an adjacent cluster of activity, at the level of the infant's primary motor cortex. The described device will allow detailed and objective fMRI studies of somatosensory and motor system development during early human life and following neonatal brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington Campus, London, UK. alessandro.allievi06@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Allievi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melendez-Calderon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arichi
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Burdet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D012371:Robotics; D014953:Wrist / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult