title: Magnetic resonance fingerprinting.
abstract: Magnetic resonance is an exceptionally powerful and versatile measurement technique. The basic structure of a magnetic resonance experiment has remained largely unchanged for almost 50 years, being mainly restricted to the qualitative probing of only a limited set of the properties that can in principle be accessed by this technique. Here we introduce an approach to data acquisition, post-processing and visualization--which we term 'magnetic resonance fingerprinting' (MRF)--that permits the simultaneous non-invasive quantification of multiple important properties of a material or tissue. MRF thus provides an alternative way to quantitatively detect and analyse complex changes that can represent physical alterations of a substance or early indicators of disease. MRF can also be used to identify the presence of a specific target material or tissue, which will increase the sensitivity, specificity and speed of a magnetic resonance study, and potentially lead to new diagnostic testing methodologies. When paired with an appropriate pattern-recognition algorithm, MRF inherently suppresses measurement errors and can thus improve measurement accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gulani
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seiberlich
authors.forename: Kecheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sunshine
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Duerk
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Griswold
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009038:Motion; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity