title: A novel three-dimensional scaffold for regenerative endodontics: materials and biological characterizations.
abstract: An electrospun nanocomposite fibrous material holds promise as a scaffold, as well as a drug-delivery device to aid in root maturogenesis and the regeneration of the pulp-dentine complex. A novel three-dimensional (3D) nanocomposite scaffold composed of polydioxanone (PDS II®) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) was designed and fabricated by electrospinning. Morphology, structure, mechanical properties and cell compatibility studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of HNTs incorporation (0.5-10 wt% relative to PDS w/w). Overall, a 3D porous network was seen in the different fabricated electrospun scaffolds, regardless of the HNT content. The incorporation of HNTs at 10 wt% led to a significant (p < 0.0001) fibre diameter increase and a reduction in scaffold strength. Moreover, PDS-HNTs scaffolds supported the attachment and proliferation of human-derived pulp fibroblast cells. Quantitative proliferation assay performed with human dental pulp-derived cells as a function of nanotubes concentration indicated that the HNTs exhibit a high level of biocompatibility, rendering them good candidates for the potential encapsulation of distinct bioactive molecules. Collectively, the reported data support the conclusion that PDS-HNTs nanocomposite fibrous structures hold potential in the development of a bioactive scaffold for regenerative endodontics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Marco C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bottino
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Ghaeth H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Yassen
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, IUSD, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.|Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA.
authors.forename: Nawaf
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Labban
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, IUSD, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: L Jack
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Windsor
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, IUSD, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Spolnik
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Technology Centre, Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana H A
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bressiani
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D000077215:Clay; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004708:Endodontics / Q000379:methods*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D012038:Regeneration; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D000077215:Clay
keywords: electrospinning; halloysite; immature tooth; pulp regeneration; scaffold