title: Gene profiling analysis of the early effects of ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment on human skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser-mediated ablative fractional resurfacing (AFR) is currently under extensive clinical investigation, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the early expressed genes that are upregulated in human skin after treatment using a CO2 fractional laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole human skin was irradiated using an AFR CO2 laser, and changes in gene expression after 2 and 24 hours were analyzed using microarray analysis. The results were validated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to investigate the expression of the validated proteins after AFR CO2 laser treatment of skin that had been biopsied from seven Korean patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene expression profiling showed that the most significantly upregulated genes in these skin samples were those encoding Wnt5a, cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), and heat shock protein (HSP) 90. These results were confirmed using real-time RT-PCR and LSCM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irradiation using an AFR laser may induce the expression of Wnt5a, CYR61, and HSP90 in human skin during the early remodeling phases, suggesting that the induction of proteins may be the preceding event that is associated with the clinical effects of laser treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chong Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bak
authors.forename: Garuna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kositratna
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manstein
authors.forename: Gian Paolo
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Dotto
authors.forename: Sung Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 / Q000378:metabolism; D003869:Dermabrasion; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C501848:CCN1 protein, human; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C085389:WNT5A protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003094:Collagen; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases