title: Outcomes of rectus femoris transfers in children with cerebral palsy: effect of transfer site.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Distal rectus femoris transfer is a widely accepted and effective treatment for children with cerebral palsy presenting with stiff knee gait. Previous research has reported improvement in knee arc of motion regardless of transfer site; however, sample sizes and patient function were unmatched in these studies. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of children with cerebral palsy treated with a distal rectus femoris transfer for stiff knee to 1 of 3 sites: medial to the semitendinosus (ST), medial to the sartorius (SR), or lateral to the iliotibial band (ITB). Sample sizes in the 3 groups were equal and matched by gross motor function of the subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The motion analysis laboratory database was queried for subjects who had a rectus femoris transfer with preoperative and postoperative gait studies. The ITB group, 14 subjects (20 limbs), was the smallest group of subjects identified. The ITB group established the sample size for SR and ST groups, which originally had larger sample sizes, but were matched to reflect similar proportions of Gross Motor Functional Classification System Level to the ITB group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the 3 rectus femoris transfer groups preoperatively on knee gait variables (P>0.05). Comparison of preoperative to postoperative data demonstrated significant gait improvements in knee arc of motion for the ITB, SR, and ST groups (11 , 12, and 12 degrees, respectively) (P<0.05). There were also significant improvements in timing of peak knee flexion in swing phase and knee extension at initial contact for all 3 groups, but no significant difference was seen between preoperative and postoperative when groups were compared against one another for these measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distal rectus transfer continues to be an effective procedure for treating stiff knee gait in cerebral palsy. The location site of the transfer resulted in equally beneficial outcomes; therefore, the transfer site location can be based on surgeon preference and concomitant procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  III, Retrospective Comparative Study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA. william.f.scully@us.army.mil
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Scully
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McMulkin
authors.forename: Glen O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: Andi B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tompkins
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Caskey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000637:transplantation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult