title: Proanthocyanidins are the major anti-diabetic components of cinnamon water extract.
abstract: Cinnamon consumption has been found to associate with the attenuation of diabetes mellitus. The misfolding of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is regarded as a causative factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we investigated whether cinnamon has any beneficial effect on the toxic aggregation of hIAPP. We found that cinnamon water extract (CWE) inhibited the amyloid formation of hIAPP in a dose-dependent manner, and identified proanthocyanidins as the major anti-amyloidogenic compounds of CWE. Proanthocyanidins affected the secondary structures of hIAPP and delayed the structural transition from unstructured coils to β-sheet-rich structures. Further studies showed that proanthocyanidins not only inhibited the formation of hIAPP oligomers, but also significantly attenuated the membrane damaging and cytotoxic effects caused by the hIAPP aggregation. Together, these results suggest a possible way by which cinnamon shows beneficial effects on T2DM, and indicate a potential pharmacological usage of proanthocyanidins as an anti-diabetic drug candidate.
authors.affiliation: Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lianqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yixuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D014867:Water