title: Bioactive glass incorporation in calcium phosphate cement-based injectable bone substitute for improved in vitro biocompatibility and in vivo bone regeneration.
abstract: In this work, we fabricated injectable bone substitutes modified with the addition of bioactive glass powders synthesized via ultrasonic energy-assisted hydrothermal method to the calcium phosphate-based bone cement to improve its biocompatibility. The injectable bone substitutes was initially composed of a powder component (tetracalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and calcium sulfate dehydrate) and a liquid component (citric acid, chitosan and hydroxyl-propyl-methyl-cellulose) upon which various concentrations of bioactive glass were added: 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. Setting time and compressive strength of the injectable bone substitutes were evaluated and observed to improve with the increase of bioactive glass content. Surface morphologies were observed via scanning electron microscope before and after submersion of the samples to simulated body fluid and increase in apatite formation was detected using x-ray diffraction machine. In vitro biocompatibility of the injectable bone substitutes was observed to improve with the addition of bioactive glass as the proliferation/adhesion behavior of cells on the material increased. Human gene markers were successfully expressed using real time-polymerase chain reaction and the samples were found to promote cell viability and be more biocompatible as the concentration of bioactive glass increases. In vivo biocompatibility of the samples containing 0% and 30% bioactive glass were evaluated using Micro-CT and histological staining after 3 months of implantation in male rabbits' femurs. No inflammatory reaction was observed and significant bone formation was promoted by the addition of bioactive glass to the injectable bone substitute system.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Materials, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadiasa
authors.forename: Swapan Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Rose Ann
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Young Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Byong Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001826:Body Fluids; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005898:Glass; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011817:Rabbits; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: Bone; bioactive glass; biocompatibility; bone regeneration; calcium phosphate cement