title: Metabolic factors associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that obesity and hypertension are associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but less is known about the association to other metabolic factors. In the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can) data on body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), blood pressure, and circulating levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected from 560,388 men and women in cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden. By use of Cox proportional hazard models, hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for separate and composite metabolic exposures. During a median follow-up of 10 years, 592 men and 263 women were diagnosed with RCC. Among men, we found an increased risk of RCC for BMI, highest vs. lowest quintile, (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.13-2.03), systolic blood pressure, (HR = 3.40, 95% CI 1.91-6.06), diastolic blood pressure, (HR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.85-5.99), glucose, (HR = 3.75, 95% CI 1.46-9.68), triglycerides, (HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.00-3.21) and a composite score of these metabolic factors, (HR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.75-4.11). Among women we found an increased risk of RCC for BMI, highest vs. lowest quintile, (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.32-3.70) and the composite score, (HR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.12-4.68). High levels of the composite score were also associated with risk of death from RCC among both men and women. No multiplicative statistical or biological interactions between metabolic factors on risk of RCC were found. High levels of BMI, blood pressure, glucose and triglycerides among men and high BMI among women were associated with increased risk of RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Perioperative sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. christel.haggstrom@urologi.umu.se
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Häggström
authors.forename: Kilian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stocks
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: Tone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bjørge
authors.forename: Hanno
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulmer
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engeland
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almqvist
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Concin
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Selmer
authors.forename: Börje
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ljungberg
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tretli
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stattin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors