title: Alcoholism between Fiction and Reality.
abstract: Alcoholism has always been emphasized in literature, narratives, and theater as its prevalence and related disability are very high, is found throughout the world, and affects women and men of all ages and social classes. There is a tragic or romantic fascination in the deep sense of personal failure that drinking is able to relieve and in the uncontrollable inability to stop drinking. These aspects have been portrayed well by fictional alcoholics in movies and novels. It has become evident that biological traits together with a complex series of psychosocial factors (e.g. negative life events, depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric or personality disorders), which are also well represented in novels and movies, can lead to alcohol addiction. Behavioral (euphoria, disinhibiting behaviors, aggressiveness) and neurological changes (confusion, bradypsychism, slurred speech, ataxia, blackouts) related to alcohol intoxication are also well portrayed by fictional characters. Delirium tremens, epilepsy, alcohol dementia, and Wernicke-Korsakoff disease, however, find less representation in literature and on the stage and screen. The treatment of alcoholic dependence is very difficult (as often reported by fictional and real stories), but should never be considered hopeless. It should be initiated at any stage of the disease. The support offered by Alcoholics Anonymous has always had great appeal for the public. Fictional works can portray alcohol addiction superbly and show some dark sides of human nature (negative emotions and autodestructive thoughts and behaviors), and, at the same time, the severity and pervasiveness of mental illnesses. The psychiatric and psychosocial aspects of alcohol addiction in movies and novels could be an inspiring source for new psychological studies and rehabilitation programs.
authors.affiliation: GSMN Neurocenter, Genolier Clinic, Genolier, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland. acarota@genolier.net
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carota
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calabrese
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008091:Literature / Q000266:history; D015995:Prevalence