title: Dandruff is associated with disequilibrium in the proportion of the major bacterial and fungal populations colonizing the scalp.
abstract: The bacterial and fungal communities associated with dandruff were investigated using culture-independent methodologies in the French subjects. The major bacterial and fungal species inhabiting the scalp subject's were identified by cloning and sequencing of the conserved ribosomal unit regions (16S for bacterial and 28S-ITS for fungal) and were further quantified by quantitative PCR. The two main bacterial species found on the scalp surface were Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, while Malassezia restricta was the main fungal inhabitant. Dandruff was correlated with a higher incidence of M. restricta and S. epidermidis and a lower incidence of P. acnes compared to the control population (p<0.05). These results suggested for the first time using molecular methods, that dandruff is linked to the balance between bacteria and fungi of the host scalp surface.
authors.affiliation: Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clavaud
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jourdain
authors.forename: Avner
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bar-Hen
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tichit
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchier
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pouradier
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: El Rawadi
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guillot
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ménard-Szczebara
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breton
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Latgé
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mouyna
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008290:Malassezia / Q000235:genetics*; D054892:Metagenome; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000235:genetics*; D012536:Scalp Dermatoses / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal