title: Imidazoline versus alpha₂-adrenoceptors in the control of gastric motility in mice.
abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest that imidazoline receptors mediate various physiological processes. It is rather difficult, however, to distinguish the imidazoline receptor-mediated effects from the alpha₂-adrenoceptor-mediated ones due to the reasonable affinity of most imidazoline ligands for the alpha₂-adrenoceptors. In the present study the effects of different imidazoline ligands were tested on the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced gastric contractions in wild-type (WT), alpha₂A-, alpha₂B- and alpha₂C-adrenoceptor knockout (KO) mice in order to analyze, whether imidazoline I₁ and I₂ receptors take part in the regulation of gastric motor activity. Clonidine, moxonidine and rilmenidine inhibited the EFS-induced gastric contractions in a concentration dependent manner in WT, alpha₂B- and alpha₂C-adrenoceptor KO mice, whereas they had no or only weak effect in alpha₂A-adrenoceptor KO mice. Their effects in WT mice were inhibited by idazoxan and BRL 44408, but not by ARC 239, AGN 192403 and BU 224. The endogenous imidazoline receptor ligand agmatine failed to affect the EFS-induced contractions, while harmane (an other endogenous imidazoline receptor ligand) and 2-BFI (a selective imidazoline I2 receptor agonist) exerted a slight effect in both WT and alpha2A-adrenoceptor KO mice, but this was not reversible by idazoxan, AGN 192403 and BU 224. It can be concluded, that the inhibitory effect of the tested imidazoline compounds on cholinergic gastric contractions is mediated mainly by alpha₂A-adrenoceptors. Although at higher concentrations other receptors may also contribute to their effects, the lack of inhibition by AGN 192403 and BU 224 suggests that these are not imidazoline I₁ and I₂ receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Zádori
authors.forename: Ágnes
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Fehér
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Khrasani
authors.forename: Erzsébet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lackó
authors.forename: Viktória E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.forename: Serena B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Brancati
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mátyus
authors.forename: Klára
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gyires
mesh_terms: D000376:Agmatine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006247:Harmine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D054755:Imidazoline Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D000077769:Rilmenidine; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D054755:Imidazoline Receptors; D007546:Isoquinolines; D010080:Oxazoles; D010879:Piperazines; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D006247:Harmine; D000376:Agmatine; C005010:harman; C032994:AR-C239; D000077769:Rilmenidine