title: Job-related stress, emotional labor, and depressive symptoms among Korean nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to examine the relationship between job-related stress, emotional labor, and depressive symptoms among South Korean nurses in order to suggest practical methods for their management, prevention, and reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was used to conduct the study. A convenience sample of 441 nurses who were employed in five general hospitals in four provinces of Korea was used in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data, which included demographic and job characteristics, job-related stress, emotional labor, and depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared testing, and multivariate logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 38% of South Korean nurses experience depressive symptoms, and young or single nurses in particular have high levels of depressive symptoms. Marital status (odds ratio [OR] = 2.88), surface acting (OR = 2.46), job insecurity (OR = 1.99), and lack of reward (OR = 1.60) are strongly related depressive symptoms that result from job-related stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate that programs for nurses need to be created that will help reduce expectations for surface acting and control job-related stress, thus preventing the development of depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has implications for human resources management in nursing organizations. If nursing administrators understand that nurses may suffer from depressive symptoms, they can strive to improve stressful work conditions, develop programs that ease job-related stress, and reduce the chances that depressive symptoms will occur.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Department of Adult and Elderly, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Saunjoo L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jeong-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires