title: Tetracycline resistance genes acquired at birth.
abstract: Newborns acquire their first microbiota at birth. Maternal vaginal or skin bacteria colonize newborns delivered vaginally or by C-section, respectively (Dominguez-Bello et al. 2010 #884). We aimed to determine differences in the presence of four tetracycline (tet) resistance genes, in the microbes of ten newborns and in the mouth and vagina of their mothers, at the time of birth. DNA was amplified by PCR with primers specific for [tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), and tet(W)]. Maternal vaginas harbored all four tet resistance genes, but most commonly tet(M) and tet(O) (63 and 38 %, respectively). Genes coding for tet resistance differed by birth mode, with 50 % of vaginally delivered babies had tet(M) and tet(O) and 16 and 13 % of infants born by C-section had tet(O) and tet(W), respectively. Newborns acquire antibiotic resistance genes at birth, and the resistance gene profile varies by mode of delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Puerto Rico, Ponce de Leon Av. Rio Piedras Campus, JGD 224, San Juan, PR 00931, USA.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alicea-Serrano
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magris
authors.forename: Glida
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dominguez-Bello
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008470:Meconium / Q000382:microbiology; D054892:Metagenome; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D036801:Parturition; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013753:Tetracycline Resistance; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology