title: Risk factors for failure of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) in infective endocarditis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for failure of outpatient antibiotic therapy (OPAT) in infective endocarditis (IE).
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified IE cases managed at a single centre over 12 years from a prospectively maintained database. 'OPAT failure' was defined as unplanned readmission or antibiotic switch due to adverse drug reaction or antibiotic resistance. We analysed patient and disease-related risk factors for OPAT failure by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. We also retrospectively collected follow-up data on adverse disease outcome (defined as IE-related death or relapse) and performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis up to 36 months following OPAT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 80 episodes of OPAT in IE. Failure occurred in 25/80 episodes (31.3%). On multivariate analysis, cardiac or renal failure [pooled OR 7.39 (95% CI 1.84-29.66), P=0.005] and teicoplanin therapy [OR 8.69 (95% CI 2.01-37.47), P=0.004] were independently associated with increased OPAT failure. OPAT failure with teicoplanin occurred despite therapeutic plasma levels. OPAT failure predicted adverse disease outcome up to 36 months (P=0.016 log-rank test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data caution against selecting patients with endocarditis for OPAT in the presence of cardiac or renal failure and suggest teicoplanin therapy may be associated with suboptimal OPAT outcomes. Alternative regimens to teicoplanin in the OPAT setting should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Glasgow OPAT Service, Brownlee Centre for Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and Counselling, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK. chrisduncan@doctors.net.uk
authors.forename: Christopher J A
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Semple
authors.forename: R Andrew
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Seaton
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous / Q000379:methods*; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: ceftriaxone; glycopeptides; native valve endocarditis; outcomes; prosthetic valve endocarditis; teicoplanin