title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of measurements of tongue and hand strength and endurance using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI).
abstract: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the evidence for the use of the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) to measure strength and endurance of the tongue and hand in healthy populations and those with medical conditions. A systematic search of the scientific literature published since 1991 yielded 38 studies that addressed this purpose. The IOPI was used primarily for tongue strength (38 studies) and endurance (15 studies) measurement; relatively few studies measured hand strength (9 studies) or endurance (6 studies). The majority of the studies identified used the IOPI as an evaluation tool, although four used it as an intervention tool. Half the studies were conducted in healthy people, primarily adults. Most of the other participants had disorders with dysphagia, primarily Parkinson's disease or head or neck cancer. Age and gender, as well as a number of medical conditions, influence the values of tongue and hand strength. There is sufficient evidence to support the use of the IOPI as a suitable tool for measuring tongue strength and endurance and as an assessment tool for intervention studies, and there is growing support for its use to assess hand strength and endurance in healthy and clinical populations.
authors.affiliation: Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Bernice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mathisen
authors.forename: Surinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baines
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Callister
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D018737:Hand Strength; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D053580:Muscle Strength; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D039141:Muscular Dystrophy, Oculopharyngeal / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012737:Sex Factors; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology*