title: Lessons learned from 118,970 multidetector computed tomographic intravenous contrast material administrations: impact of catheter dwell time and gauge, catheter location, rate of contrast material administration, and patient age and sex on volume of extravasate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the impact of catheter dwell time and gauge, catheter location, rate of contrast material administration, and patient age and sex on volume of extravasate at intravenous contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident reports were reviewed for all extravasation events that occurred in adult patients between March 2006 and December 2009 at 2 institutions. Patient age and sex; catheter dwell time, gauge, and location; rate of contrast material administration; and estimated volume of extravasated contrast material were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred thirty extravasation events were recorded for the 118,970 contrast material administrations (0.3%). Mean volume of extravasated contrast material was statistically significantly less for catheters newly placed in the radiology department, for higher flow rates, for smaller gauge catheters, and for catheters placed in the hand. Mean volume of extravasated contrast material did not vary significantly based on patient age or sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The volume of extravasate was likely to be smaller for smaller-gauge catheters in the hand with higher flow rates and for catheters newly placed in the radiology department.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. courtney.coursey@emoryhealthcare.org
authors.forename: Courtney Coursey
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Daniella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.forename: Rendon C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Dushyant V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Sahani
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: MaryAnne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zabrycki
authors.forename: Humaira
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Zhengjia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media