title: Flaxseed energy and macronutrients balance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Flaxseed has functional properties in the reduction of the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Regardless of its high energy density, the consumption of flaxseed tends to promote body weight maintenance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate energy and macronutrient balance after flaxseed consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty four healthy volunteers were allocated into 3 experimental groups, when they consumed flaxseed (FS), defatted flaxseed flour (FF), or flaxseed oil (FO). During the control period they were provided a diet without flaxseed products for 7-9 days. Following that diets containing 70 g of one of the flaxseed products were consumed for another 7-9 day- period. Test foods were consumed exclusively in the laboratory and fecal excretion was collected during the study. There was a higher energy excretion (P < 0.05) in the FF and FS groups, compared to their control and FO group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The excretions of total lipid and the PUFA α-linolenic acid were higher in FS group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intake of 70 g/day of FS and FF raised lipid and energy excretion, which may mitigated the effect of flaxseed consumption on body weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Universidad Federal Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. cristiane.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonçalves de Oliveira
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues Ferreira Cruz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mayumi Nakajima
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de C Gonçalves Alfenas
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mattes
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Brunoro Costa
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008043:Linseed Oil; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000032:analysis*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D018977:Micronutrients; D010938:Plant Oils; D008043:Linseed Oil