title: [Resistance risk and resistance stability of Frankliniella occidentalis to imidacloprid, emamectin benzoate, and phoxim].
abstract: In order to effectively control the damage of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Phaseolus vuglaris was dipped with imidacloprid, phoxim, and emamectin benzoate, respectively to select the resistance populations of F. occidentalis from its susceptible population, and the resistance inheritance and resistance risk were analyzed with the resistance reality heredity. After 32, 32, and 24 generations' selection, the F. occidentalis populations obtained 13.8-fold, 29.4-fold and 39.0-fold resistance to imidacloprid, phoxim, and emamectin benzoate, respectively. The resistance reality heritability to imidacloprid, phoxim, and emamectin benzoate was 0.112, 0.166, and 0.259, respectively. The resistance development rate to emamectin benzoate was the fastest, followed by to phoxim, and to imidacloprid. The higher the resistance levels of the selected populations, the lower the differences between the larva and adult susceptibility to imidacloprid, phoxim, and emamectin benzoate. Stopping selection for 12 continuous generations, the resistance level of the selected resistance populations to imidacloprid, phoxim, and emamectin benzoate had definite decline, but it was difficult to regain the original susceptibility. F. occidentalis had a greater potential to gain high level resistance to imidacloprid, phoxim, and emamectin benzoate. Compared with the resistance of F. occidentalis to phoxim and emamectin benzoate, the resistance to imidacloprid increased slower and decreased faster, and thus, imidacloprid was more appropriate to control F. occidentalis in practice.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an 271018, Shandong, China. wsy19840822@163.com
authors.forename: Sheng-Yin
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yong-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061149:Thysanoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid; C003135:phoxim; D007559:Ivermectin; C108024:emamectin benzoate