title: Effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on viability and biological functions of murine macrophages.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on the viability and biological functions of murine macrophage. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated both with and without B. subtilis B10 spores for 12 h. Then cell viability was determined to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of B. subtilis B10 spores to the cells, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured to analyze the functions of macrophages. The results showed that B. subtilis B10 spores were not harmful to RAW 264.7 cells and they also strongly enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH (P < 0.01), remarkably increased NO and iNOS production (P < 0.01), and significantly stimulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12 (P < 0.01) while they reduced anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P < 0.01). The outcomes suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are not only safe for murine macrophages, but also can activate these cells and enhance their immune function. The above findings suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are potentially probiotic.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yu-long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Imran R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Rajput
authors.forename: Wei-fen
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019936:Probiotics; D013171:Spores, Bacterial; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase