title: Recycling of bowel content: the importance of the right timing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extracorporeal stool transport (recycling of chyme discharged from the proximal stoma end to the distal end of a high jejunostomy or ileostomy) is thought to be beneficial in preventing malabsoprtion, sodium loss, cholestasis and atrophy of the distal intestine until restoration of the intestinal continuity becomes possible. However little is known about its adverse effects. Our aim was to investigate the microbiological safety of recycling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Native samples were taken from the proximal stoma in 5 premature neonates who underwent an ileostomy or a jejunostomy due to necrotising enterocolitis, for qualitative culture. The first sample was drawn immediately after the change of the stoma bag, further samples were sent from the stoma bag at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180min later. The samples were inoculated by calibrated (10 μl) loops onto blood agar (5% sheep blood), eosin-methylene blue agar and anaerobic blood agar, respectively (Oxoid). The aerobic plates were incubated for 18-20 h at 5% CO2, whereas the anaerobic plates were incubated for 24-48 h in an anaerobic chamber (Concept 400). The bacterial strains were identified to species level by specific biochemical reactions, RapID-ANA II system (Oxoid) and ID32E, Rapid ID 32 Strep ATB automatic system cards (bioMérieux).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of colony forming unit (CFU) of Gram-negative bacteria (mainly E. coli) exponentially increased after 30 min and reached 10(5)/ml after 120 min. Gram-positive strains (primarily E. faecalis) were detected after 60 min and CFU increased to 10(5)/ml after 120 min. The number of anaerobic (principally Bacteroides fragilis) CFU started to increase after 120 min. In two cases coagulase negative Staphylococcus strains were isolated the earliest in the chyme. The average of total CFU approached 10(5)/ml after 90 min and exceeded 10(5)/ml after 120 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The chyme in the stoma bag is colonized by commensal facultative pathogenic enteral/colonic as well as skin flora species after 120 min. Recycling of stoma bag content may be dangerous after 90 min.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics Medical Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pataki
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berkes
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rakoczy
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cserni
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000601:surgery*; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D007582:Jejunostomy; D013997:Time Factors