title: Phase I clinical trial of human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 peptide vaccines for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known that renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents one of the most immune-responsive cancers. Although the lack of defined antigens in RCC has hindered more specific vaccine development, research regarding vaccination therapy has been of special interest for the treatment of RCC for more than 30 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the safety of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) peptide vaccination and its clinical outcomes, data from 18 metastatic RCC (mRCC) patients treated with VEGFR1 vaccine were collected. Toxicity assessments were performed. Clinical outcomes included assessment using CT scanning, magnetic resonance imaging or X-ray examination in accordance with the WHO Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient showed any toxicities of grade 3 or greater. Of the 18 patients, 2 patients showed a partial response during treatment. Stable disease for more than 5 months was observed in eight patients with a median duration of 16.5 months (4-32 months). At the time of the analysis in this study, six patients were alive with a median follow-up of 30 months (26-36 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that VEGFR1 peptide vaccine is safe and is recommended for further trials for patients with mRCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1