title: Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of germinated and fermented mung bean on ethanol-mediated liver damage.
abstract: Mung bean is a hepatoprotective agent in dietary supplements. Fermentation and germination processes are well recognized to enhance the nutritional values especially the concentration of active compounds such as amino acids and GABA of various foods. In this study, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of freeze-dried mung bean and amino-acid- and GABA-enriched germinated and fermented mung bean aqueous extracts were compared. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) levels, and serum biochemical profile such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), triglycerides (TG), and cholesterol and histopathological changes were examined for the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of these treatments. Germinated and fermented mung bean have recorded an increase of 27.9 and 7.3 times of GABA and 8.7 and 13.2 times of amino acid improvement, respectively, as compared to normal mung bean. Besides, improvement of antioxidant levels, serum markers, and NO level associated with better histopathological evaluation indicated that these extracts could promote effective recovery from hepatocyte damage. These results suggested that freeze-dried, germinated, and fermented mung bean aqueous extracts enriched with amino acids and GABA possessed better hepatoprotective effect as compared to normal mung bean.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norlaily
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohd Ali
authors.forename: Hamidah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mohd Yusof
authors.forename: Kamariah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Swee Keong
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yeap
authors.forename: Wan Yong
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Boon Kee
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Beh
authors.forename: Soo Peng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Mohd Puad
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Noorjahan Banu
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Alitheen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D018682:GABA Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018525:Germination; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D018682:GABA Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase