title: Macular pigment optical density in young adults of South Asian origin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the range of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in a healthy group of young adults of South Asian origin; to investigate whether any dietary factors or personal characteristics were related to intersubject variations in MPOD; and to compare the mean MPOD of the South Asian group with the mean MPOD of a white group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heterochromatic flicker photometry was used to measure the macular pigment (MP) levels of 169 healthy volunteers, of which 117 were Asian and 52 were white. In addition, the Asian participants completed a questionnaire pertaining to the various physical, ocular, lifestyle, dietary, and environmental factors that may be associated with MPOD or AMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean MPOD of the Asian subjects was 0.43 ± 0.14. The male participants had a higher mean MPOD than the females (0.47 ± 0.13 vs. 0.41 ± 0.14, P < 0.01). Possible associations also emerged between MPOD and form of refractive correction, and iris color. No MPOD associations were found for the other variables examined in the questionnaire. The mean MPOD of the white subject group was 0.33 ± 0.13, which was significantly lower than the Asian group (P < 0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study adds to the currently limited information on MPOD in South Asians, and while a comparison between Asians and Whites was not the main focus here, highly significant differences between these two ethnicities were revealed. This provokes the possibility that South Asian individuals could have a lower risk for AMD, and it warrants further study.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom. o.howells@aston.ac.uk
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Howells
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eperjesi
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology*; D003720:Densitometry; D004777:Environment; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D014975:Lutein / Q000378:metabolism*; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000378:metabolism*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010783:Photometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology*; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult; D065146:Zeaxanthins
chemical_list: D012168:Retinal Pigments; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D014975:Lutein