title: Stretching properties of xanthan, carob, modified guar and celluloses in cosmetic emulsions.
abstract: The filament stretching properties of various polysaccharides (including xanthan, carob, hydroxypropyl guar, hydroxypropylmethyl and hydroxyethyl celluloses) were investigated and compared to synthetic polymers generally used as texturing agents in cosmetic emulsions. The stretchability was examined by sensory evaluation as "the amount of sample that strings rather than breaks when fingers are separated". Different behaviors were evidenced: the xanthan emulsion showed the highest stretchability, followed by the hydroxypropyl guar and hydroxyethyl cellulose emulsions while the synthetic polymers presented stretching properties to a much lesser extent. The instrumental characterization of the stretchability was conducted at a controlled speed and recorded with a camera using a texture analyzer. The maximum stretchable length at 40mm/s was highly significantly correlated to the sensory Stringiness, thus allowing a good predictability of this attribute. Finally, this method was applied to aqueous solutions to better understand the role of the polymers in emulsion and to validate the measurement on a wider range of products.
authors.affiliation: Université du Havre, URCOM, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038, 25, rue Philippe Lebon B.P. 540, 76058 Le Havre Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loisel
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Savary
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grisel
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Picard
mesh_terms: D019245:Compressive Strength; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004548:Elasticity; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry*; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry*; D012212:Rheology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D033081:Shear Strength; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D004655:Emulsions; D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D012996:Solutions; C519976:hydroxypropyl guar; C007894:guar gum; C002563:xanthan gum; C017471:locust bean gum