title: Potentially traumatic events and the risk of six physical health conditions in a population-based sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Potentially traumatic events (PTEs) are common in the population, yet, the impact of total burden and specific types of PTEs on physical health has not been systematically investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study, a community sample of predominately African Americans living in Detroit, Michigan, interviewed in 2008-2009 (N = 1,547) and in 2009-2010 (N = 1,054). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents with the highest levels of PTE exposure (8+ events) had an average age of adverse physical health condition diagnosis that was 15 years earlier than respondents with no exposure. There was a monotonic relation between number of PTEs and arthritis risk. Compared to those who reported no lifetime events, respondents with 1-2, 3-4, 5-7, and 8+ traumatic events had 1.06, 1.12, 1.73, and 2.44 times the hazard of arthritis. Assaultive violence (HR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.3) and other threats to physical integrity (HR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1) were particularly strong risk factors for arthritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide novel evidence linking PTEs, particularly those involving violence and threat to life, to elevated risk for arthritic conditions. Efforts to prevent or mitigate traumatic event exposures may have a broad range of benefits for health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. kmk2104@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Keyes
authors.forename: Katie A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Ryan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Demmer
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cerdá
authors.forename: Karestan C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Koenen
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galea
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001168:Arthritis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data