title: An FMRI study investigating adolescent brain activation by rewards and feedback.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the adolescent brain activation patterns in response to performance feedback (PF), social reward (SR) and monetary reward (MR) and their association with psychological factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed while middle school boys (n=15) performed tests pertained to PF, SR and MR. The brain activation pattern in each condition was investigated, and the extent of brain activation in each of the three conditions was compared at once.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The caudate and the dorsal prefrontal area were activated in all three conditions. Furthermore, the cuneus showed significantly greater activation in the PF condition than the SR or MR condition. And the self - related areas, such as the right precentral gyrus and paracenral lobule, were more activated in the SR condition than the PF or MR condition. The left middle frontal gyrus was more activated in the MR condition than the PF or SR condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not only various reward stimuli but also feedback stimulus might commonly activate dorsal prefrontal and subcortical area in adolescents. Moreover, several different brain activation patterns were also observed in each condition. The results of this study could be applied to planning of learning and teaching strategy for adolescents in various ways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jung-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Yeoung-Rang
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Sang-Ick
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chul-Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sie-Kyeong
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gawon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Seungbok
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seongwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Tae Hyon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ha
keywords: Adolescent; Monetary reward; Performance feedback; Social reward; fMRI