title: Cardiac output monitoring in horses.
abstract: Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood pumped out by the heart in 1 minute. Monitoring of CO can guide therapy and improve clinical outcome in critically ill patients and during anesthesia. Although there is increasing research into clinically useful methods of monitoring CO in equine patients, there are limitations to the available methods. There are 4 basic methods of measuring CO: (1) indicator methods, (2) a derivation of the Fick principle, (3) arterial pulse wave analysis, and (4) imaging diagnostic techniques. This article discusses the importance of CO, available technology, and challenges of monitoring CO in equine medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. shih60@ufl.edu
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D006334:Heart Function Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D002248:Carbon Monoxide