title: Cumulative impacts of human activities on urban garden soils: origin and accumulation of metals.
abstract: The concentration of heavy metals and soil properties in fifty urban garden soils of Szeged (SE Hungary) were determined to evaluate the cumulative impacts of urbanization and cultivation on these soils. Using two enrichment factors (EFs) (based on reference horizon; Ti as reference element) and multivariate statistical analysis (PCA), the origin of the studied elements was defined. According to statistical coincidence of EFs confirmed by t-test, anthropogenic enrichment of Cu (EF = 4), Zn (EF = 2.7) and Pb (EF = 2.5) was significant in topsoils. Moreover, PCA also revealed the geogenic origin of Ni, Co, Cr and As and differentiated two groups of the anthropogenic metals [Pb, Zn] [Cu]. Spatial distribution of the metals visualized by GIS reflected the traffic origin of Pb; while based on ANOVA, the anthropogenic source of Cu is relevant (mainly pesticides) and there is a statistically significant difference in its concentration depending on land use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Szeged, Egyetem Str. 2-6, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zs
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szolnoki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farsang
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Puskás
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D051639:Gardening; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants