title: Hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles and endometrial cancer risk within the EPIC cohort--a factor analysis.
abstract: A "Western" lifestyle characterized by physical inactivity and excess weight is associated with a number of metabolic and hormonal dysregulations, including increased circulating estrogen levels, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and chronic inflammation. The same hormonal and metabolic axes might mediate the association between this lifestyle and the development of endometrial cancer. Using data collected within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a prospective cohort study carried out in 10 European countries during 1992-2000, we conducted a factor analysis to delineate important components that summarize the variation explained by a set of biomarkers and to examine their association with endometrial cancer risk. Prediagnostic levels of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormone-binding globulin, estrone, estradiol, C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins 1 and 2, adiponectin, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist were measured in 233 incident endometrial cancer cases and 446 matched controls. Factor analysis identified 3 components associated with postmenopausal endometrial cancer risk that could be labeled "insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome," "steroids," and "inflammation" factors. A fourth component, "lipids," was not significantly associated with endometrial cancer. In conclusion, besides the well-known associations of risk with sex hormones and insulin-regulated physiological axes, our data further support the hypothesis that inflammation factors play a role in endometrial carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Laure
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authors.forename: Annekatrin
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authors.forename: Naomi
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authors.lastname: Chang-Claude
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authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Vasiliki
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authors.lastname: Benetou
authors.forename: Christina
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authors.lastname: Bamia
authors.forename: Domenico
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authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Claudia
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authors.forename: Rocco
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authors.lastname: Galasso
authors.forename: Rosario
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authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sacerdote
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Fränzel J B
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Duijnhoven
authors.forename: Petra H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: N Charlotte
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Onland-Moret
authors.forename: Maria-Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Redondo
authors.forename: Noémie
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authors.lastname: Travier
authors.forename: Maria-Jose
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authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Jone M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Altzibar
authors.forename: Maria-Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.forename: Aurelio
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authors.lastname: Barricarte
authors.forename: Eva
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authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fedirko
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Romieu
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romaguera
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norat
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
authors.forename: Rudolf
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authors.lastname: Kaaks
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D005062:European Union / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D017697:Premenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004967:Estrogens; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D013002:Somatomedins; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol