title: A new tabanid trap applying a modified concept of the old flypaper: linearly polarising sticky black surfaces as an effective tool to catch polarotactic horseflies.
abstract: Trapping flies with sticky paper sheets is an ancient method. The classic flypaper has four typical characteristics: (i) its sticky paper is bright (chamois, light yellow or white), (ii) it is strip-shaped, (iii) it hangs vertically, and (iv) it is positioned high (several metres) above ground level. Such flypapers, however, do not trap horseflies (tabanids). There is a great need to kill horseflies with efficient traps because they are vectors of dangerous diseases, and due to their continuous annoyance livestock cannot graze, horses cannot be ridden, and meat and milk production from cattle is drastically reduced. Based on earlier findings on the positive polarotaxis (attraction to linearly polarised light) in tabanid flies and modifying the concept of the old flypaper, we constructed a new horsefly trap called "horseflypaper". In four field experiments we showed that the ideal horseflypaper (i) is shiny black, (ii) has an appropriately large (75×75 cm(2)) surface area, (iii) has sticky black vertical and horizontal surfaces in an L-shaped arrangement, and (iv) its horizontal surface should be at ground level for maximum effectiveness. Using imaging polarimetry, we measured the reflection-polarisation characteristics of this new polarisation tabanid trap. The ideal optical and geometrical characteristics of this trap revealed in field experiments are also explained. The horizontal part of the trap captures water-seeking male and female tabanids, while the vertical part catches host-seeking female tabanids.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Optics Laboratory, Department of Biological Physics, Physical Institute, Eötvös University, Pázmány sétány 1, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ádám
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Egri
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blahó
authors.forename: Dénes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Száz
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barta
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kriska
authors.forename: Györgyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antoni
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horváth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002417:Cattle; D004175:Diptera / Q000502:physiology*; D004772:Entomology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006736:Horses