title: Monitoring preparation and phase transitions of carburized W(1 1 0) by reflectance difference spectroscopy.
abstract: Reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS) is applied to follow in situ the preparation of clean and carburized W(1 1 0) surfaces and to study the temperature-induced transition between the R(15 × 3) and R(15 × 12) carbon/tungsten surface phases. RDS data for this transition are compared to data obtained from Auger-electron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. All techniques reveal that this transition, occurring around 1870 K, is reversible with a small hysteresis, indicating a first-order-like behaviour. The present results also prove a high surface sensitivity of RDS, which is attributed to the excitation of electronic p-like surface resonances of W(1 1 0).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Memmel
authors.forename: Erminald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertel
authors.forename: Mariella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Denk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hohage
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zeppenfeld
keywords: Auger-electron spectroscopy; Carbon; Low-energy electron diffraction; Phase transition; Reflectance difference spectroscopy; Tungsten