title: Gene expression levels of S100 protein family in blood cells are associated with insulin resistance and inflammation (Peripheral blood S100 mRNAs and metabolic syndrome).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visceral fat obesity is located upstream of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic diseases. Accumulating evidences indicate that several immunocytes including macrophages infiltrate into adipose tissue and induce chronic low-grade inflammation. We recently analyzed the association between visceral fat adiposity and the gene expression profile in peripheral blood cells in human subjects and demonstrated the close relationship of visceral fat adiposity and disturbance of circadian rhythm in peripheral blood cells. In a series of studies, we herein investigated the association of visceral fat adiposity and mRNA levels relating to inflammatory genes in peripheral blood cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray analysis was performed in peripheral blood cells from 28 obese subjects. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted by using blood cells from 57 obese subjects. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m2 according to the Japanese criteria. Gene expression profile analysis was carried out with Agilent whole human genome 4×44K oligo-DNA microarray. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that 14 genes were significantly associated with visceral fat adiposity among 239 genes relating to inflammation. Among 14 genes, RT-PCR demonstrated that S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 positively correlated with visceral fat adiposity in 57 subjects. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that S100A8 and S100A12 mRNA levels were closely associated with HOMA-IR and S100A9 mRNA was significantly related to adiponectin and CRP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral blood mRNA levels of S100 family were closely associated with insulin resistance and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sekimoto
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashine
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsushima
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujishima
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Komura
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: Iichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D050154:Adiposity; D044466:Asian People; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000473:pathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D000067616:S100A12 Protein; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D040501:Calgranulin A; D040502:Calgranulin B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009418:S100 Proteins; D000067616:S100A12 Protein; C090441:S100A12 protein, human; D002097:C-Reactive Protein