title: Proteomic analysis of kidney and protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 in db/db mice indicate MFG-E8 as a key molecule in the development of diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy, as a severe microvascular complication of diabetic mellitus, has become the leading cause of end-stage renal diseases. However, no effective therapeutic strategy has been developed to prevent renal damage progression to end stage renal disease. Hence, the present study evaluated the protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 (GSPB2) and explored its molecular targets underlying diabetic nephropathy by a comprehensive quantitative proteomic analysis in db/db mice. Here, we found that oral administration of GSPB2 significantly attenuated the renal dysfunction and pathological changes in db/db mice. Proteome analysis by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) identified 53 down-regulated and 60 up-regulated proteins after treatment with GSPB2 in db/db mice. Western blot analysis confirmed that milk fat globule EGF-8 (MFG-E8) was significantly up-regulated in diabetic kidney. MFG-E8 silencing by transfection of MFG-E8 shRNA improved renal histological lesions by inhibiting phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1⁄2), Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β) in kidneys of db/db mice. In contrast, over-expression of MFG-E8 by injection of recombinant MFG-E8 resulted in the opposite effects. GSPB2 treatment significantly decreased protein levels of MFG-E8, phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-Akt, and phospho-GSK-3β in the kidneys of db/db mice. These findings yield insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, revealing MFG-E8 as a new therapeutic target and indicating GSPB2 as a prospective therapy by down-regulation of MFG-E8, along with ERK1/2, Akt and GSK-3β signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bao-Ying
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Wei-da
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Jun-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rui-Hai
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hai-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002392:Catechin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040901:Proteomics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D044946:Biflavonoids; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; C490919:Mfge8 protein, mouse; D008894:Milk Proteins; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C479580:procyanidin B2; D002392:Catechin; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3