title: CCND1 amplification and cyclin D1 immunohistochemical expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gene products, which show a significant association to cell proliferation and cell cycle control, are of high scientific interest, because genes as well as gene products could be possible targets for a specific therapeutic approach and eventually be prognostic markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cyclin D1 expression and amplification as well as the Ki-67 expression status were examined in a two tissue microarray analysis for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) including 546 patients. A tumour site-specific analysis and a survival analysis of 222 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients were performed. Cyclin D1 amplification status was examined with fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis, while cyclin D1 expression and Ki-67 expression status were examined with IHC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amplification of the CCND1 gene and immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 were examined in 546 tumours of the head and neck region in two tissue microarrays. CCND1 amplification was significantly more frequent in pharyngeal carcinomas (63%) than in laryngeal (37%) and oral (25%) carcinomas. Among the 222 cases of OSCCs, both CCND1 amplification and cyclin D1 expression were significantly associated with overall survival of the patients (p = 0.0127 and p = 0.0004, respectively). Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with cyclin D1 expression and with amplification of the CCND1 gene (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0015, respectively) but not with patient overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest the prognostic value of CCND1 amplification and cyclin D1 expression for patients with OSCC and highlight the genetic differences in HNSCC of different subanatomic localisation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclin D1 expression and CCND1 amplification seem to have a prognostic value for OSCC. Further studies of HNSCC should always consider subanatomic genetic differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany, h.hanken@uke.de.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanken
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gröbe
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cachovan
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sauter
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heiland
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blessmann
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019938:Cyclin D1