title: Isokinetic Strength Responses to Season-long Training and Competition in Turkish Elite Soccer Players.
abstract: There are not enough studies that describe the isokinetic strength of professional soccer players at high angular velocities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seasonal changes in isokinetic strength of Turkish professional soccer players (n=14) over the course of a 24-week soccer season. The isokinetic strength of players who underwent usual soccer training and weekly competition throughout the soccer season was assessed by means of the Biodex System 3 dynamometer with the knee attachment. The peak torque of knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured at angular velocities of 60°/s, 300°/s and 500°/s. Players were tested at the beginning and end of the competitive season. While the first- and second-test measurements did not show significant changes at 60°/s and 300°/s angular velocities, at the end of the training period, players' knee strength changed significantly at 500°/s angular velocities. In addition, the H/Q ratio improved significantly for the dominant as well as non-dominant leg at 500°/s. Significant bilateral strength improvements for knee flexors were also observed at 500°/s. The findings of this study suggest that usual daily soccer training (technical, tactical, power, strength, endurance, flexibility, etc.) and weekly competition might produce changes in knee strength at high angular velocities.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sports, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Niyazi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eniseler
authors.forename: Cağatay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sahan
authors.forename: Hikmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vurgun
authors.forename: Hasan Fehmi
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Mavi
keywords: H/Q ratio; bilateral strength; isokinetic strength; seasonal changes; soccer