title: Islet inflammation: a unifying target for diabetes treatment?
abstract: In the past decade, islet inflammation has emerged as a contributor to the loss of functional β cell mass in both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Evidence supports the idea that overnutrition and insulin resistance result in the production of proinflammatory mediators by β cells. In addition to compromising β cell function and survival, cytokines may recruit macrophages into islets, thus augmenting inflammation. Limited but intriguing data imply a role of adaptive immune response in islet dysfunction in T2D. Clinical trials have validated anti-inflammatory therapies in T2D, whereas immune therapy for T1D remains challenging. Further research is required to improve our understanding of islet inflammatory pathways and to identify more effective therapeutic targets for T1D and T2D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA. imaiy@evms.edu
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Anca D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Dobrian
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Jerry L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nadler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide