title: Differential scanning calorimetry to investigate G-quadruplexes structural stability.
abstract: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is a straightforward methodology to characterize the energetics of thermally-induced transitions of DNA and other biological macromolecules. Therefore, DSC has been used to study the thermodynamic stability of several nucleic acids structures. G-quadruplexes are among the most important non-canonical nucleic acid architectures that are receiving great consideration. This article reports examples on the contribution of DSC to the knowledge of G-quadruplex structures. The selected case studies show the potential of this method in investigating the structure stability of G-quadruplex forming nucleic acids, and in providing information on their structural complexity. Indeed, DSC can determine thermodynamic parameters of G-quadruplex folding/unfolding processes, but it can also be useful to reveal the formation of multiple conformations or the presence of intermediate states along the unfolding pathway, and to evaluate the impact of chemical modifications on their structural stability. This article aims to show that DSC is an important complementary methodology to structural techniques, such as NMR and X-ray crystallography, in the study of G-quadruplex forming nucleic acids.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Randazzo
authors.forename: Iolanda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fotticchia
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Novellino
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petraccone
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giancola
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D054856:G-Quadruplexes; D008958:Models, Molecular; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
keywords: Chemical modifications; Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC); G-quadruplex; Nucleic acids; Unfolding process