title: Evaluation of effects of repeated sevoflurane exposure on rat testicular tissue and reproductive hormones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evaluation of inhalation anesthetics on sperm and reproductive hormones are extremely important.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Investigation of the effects of sevoflurane used as an inhalation anesthetic on sperm morphology and reproductive hormones in rat testes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Wistar-Albino male rats were divided into five groups of eight rats each. The control group received 2 L/min oxygen for seven days, 2 h/day while sevoflurane treatment S1 received 1 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane + 2 L/min oxygen for seven days, 2 h/day, and sevoflurane S2 received 1 MAC sevoflurane + 2 L/min oxygen for seven days, 2 h/day followed by seven days of no treatment. Sevoflurane treatment S3 received 1 MAC sevoflurane + 2 L/min oxygen for 14 days, 2 h/day and sevoflurane treatment S4 received 1 MAC sevoflurane + 2 L/min oxygen for 14 days, 2 h/day, with no treatment for the following seven days. All rats were examined histologically after experimental procedures. Rat luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), and inhibin levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological injury scores were significantly higher in S2, S3, and S4 receiving sevoflurane in comparison to the control group (p = 0.001, <0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Sperm motility and concentration decreased in S3 and S4 compared to the control group (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Significant differences were detected among all groups for serum LH, FSH, T, and inhibin serum concentrations (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Testicular and sperm morphology, and reproductive hormones were affected by chronic exposure to sevoflurane. However, more randomized, controlled, and well-designed clinical studies with larger population are needed to confirm of these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey. zkayaahz@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ziya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sogut
authors.forename: Sevil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cayli
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suren
authors.forename: Semih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arici
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.forename: Fikret
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erdemir
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; C422364:inhibin B; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013739:Testosterone; D007265:Inhibins; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone