title: Risk factors of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: index for personalized antiemetic prophylaxis.
abstract: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most problematic adverse events that affects the well-being of cancer patients. Risk factors for CINV and its elimination are necessary to increase the indications for and effectiveness of chemotherapy. We enrolled 1549 chemotherapy-naïve patients in two phase II trials and one phase III trial of palonosetron between 2005 and 2007. Treatment failure (any emetic episodes or any administration of rescue medication) and/or nausea, and their associations with patient factors were evaluated in acute and in delayed phases using univariate and multivariate analyses. Female gender (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 2.96, 2.09-4.20), age <55 years (2.56, 1.94-3.37), non-habitual alcohol intake (1.90, 1.43-2.51) and non-smoker (1.40, 1.04-1.90) were associated with treatment failure in the acute phase. In contrast, only female gender (1.88, 1.34-2.64) was associated with treatment failure in the delayed phase. The number of risk factors was significantly associated with CINV in both acute and delayed phases. Patient risk factors were significantly associated with CINV. Depending on the relationship between CINV-related risk factors and a tailored antiemetic treatment, high-risk patients defined by the listed risk factors may be candidates for future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. isekine@chiba-u.jp
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saeki
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077924:Palonosetron; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007546:Isoquinolines; D011812:Quinuclidines; D000077924:Palonosetron