title: Predictors of outcome after treatment of mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine factors affecting outcome of comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation of individuals who sustained a mild traumatic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a 4-year series of referrals, 49 nonconsecutive participants met criteria for mild traumatic brain injury (ie, loss of consciousness <30 minutes, Glasgow Coma Scale score >12).
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient, community-based postconcussion clinic at a rehabilitation hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants and therapy staff completed the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-Fourth Edition (MPAI-4) at the initiation and conclusion of treatment. Participants were also administered the Trail Making Test at the start of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants generally gave poorer adaptability ratings than staff at the beginning and discharge of treatment. Regression analyses revealed that after controlling for baseline ratings, psychiatric history was associated with worse participant-rated MPAI-4 Adjustment scores at treatment discharge, whereas better Trail Making Test Part B performance at initiation of treatment predicted better participant-rated MPAI-4 Ability at treatment discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Premorbid demographic and baseline neurocognitive factors should be taken into account prior to comprehensive treatment of mild traumatic brain injury, as they can influence long-term outcomes. Adaptability ratings from both staff and participants can be useful in gaining different perspectives and assessing factors affecting recovery.
authors.affiliation: Mary Free Bed Rehabilitation Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leininger
authors.forename: Carrie-Ann H
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.forename: Jacobus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Donders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult