title: Does personalized diabetology overcome clinical uncertainty and therapeutic inertia in type 2 diabetes?
abstract: Uncertainties abound in clinical management of type 2 diabetes. Sources of uncertainty specific to type 2 diabetes originate from the panoply of glycemic (HbA1c) targets, the complexity of drug therapy, the ideal sequence of drugs after metformin failure, the possible harms of anti-hyperglycemic drugs, the outcomes of treatment (surrogate versus clinical) and the hierarchy of risk factors to treat in order to prevent the vascular complications. Ironically, multiple treatment guidelines and algorithms periodically released to improve guidance may generate confusion into clinicians. Moreover, treatment algorithms cannot be truly evidence-based because of a lack of studies comparing all available treatment combination options. Personalized therapy essentially identifies patients who could have major benefits from the therapy as compared with other patients. Personalized medicine for type 2 diabetic has the potential to improve the quality health-care practice of diabetes management, but specific research is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ceriello
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giugliano
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000592:standards; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000639:trends; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000592:standards*; D012307:Risk Factors; D035501:Uncertainty
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human