title: Biomechanical analysis of anticipation of elite and inexperienced goalkeepers to distance shots in handball.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anticipation time and kinematic factors in the movement of goalkeepers' center of mass when making a long-distance throw in handball. The sample group was composed of 14 goalkeepers and field players. A force platform was used to measure the force of the goalkeepers' reaction movements, while the throwers' movements were recorded with high-speed cameras. The expert goalkeepers began to move 193 ± 67 ms before the ball was released, with a 67% success rate of interception. The inexperienced goalkeepers began their movement 209 ± 127 ms with a 24% success rate. The time taken by expert goalkeepers to begin a vertical movement of their CM, relative to the moment of the ball's release, was less than the time taken by inexperienced goalkeepers (77 ± 70 vs. 141 ± 108 ms respectively). The analysis of the velocity and movement indicates that expert goalkeepers wait longer before moving than do inexperienced goalkeepers.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Davila
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Párraga
keywords: anticipation; biomechanics; goalkeeper; handball; throw