title: Recovery and adaptation from repeated intermittent-sprint exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This investigation aimed to ascertain a detailed physiological profile of recovery from intermittent-sprint exercise of athletes familiar with the exercise and to investigate if athletes receive a protective effect on markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), inflammation, and oxidative stress after a repeated exposure to an identical bout of intermittent-sprint exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight well-trained male team-sport athletes of National League or English University Premier Division standard (mean ± SD age 23 ± 3 y, VO2max 54.8 ± 4.6 mL ·kg-1 · min-1) completed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) on 2 occasions, separated by 14 d. Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), countermovement jump (CMJ), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), F2-isoprostanes, and muscle soreness (DOMS) were measured before and up to 72 h after the initial and repeated LISTs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MIVC, CMJ, CK, IL-6, and DOMS all showed main effects for time (P < .05) after the LIST, indicating that EIMD was present. DOMS peaked at 24 h after LIST 1 (110 ± 53 mm), was attenuated after LIST 2 (56 ± 39 mm), and was the only dependent variable to demonstrate a reduction in the second bout (P = .008). All other markers indicated that EIMD did not differ between bouts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Well-trained games players experienced EIMD after exposure to both exercise tests, despite being accustomed to the exercise type. This suggests that well-trained athletes receive a very limited protective effect from the first bout.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Northumbria, UK.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Leeder J
authors.forename: Ken A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: van Someren
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaze
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jewell
authors.forename: Nawed I K
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.forename: Iltaf
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Howatson
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005080:Exercise Test; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010807:Physical Endurance; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012420:Running; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003402:Creatine Kinase