title: Industrial hemp decreases intestinal motility stronger than indian hemp in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indian hemp has shown beneficial effects in various gastrointestinal conditions but it is not widely accepted due to high content of tetrahydrocannabinol resulting in unwanted psychotropic effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Since industrial hemp rich in cannabidiol lacks psychotropic effects the aim of research was to study the effects of industrial hemp on intestinal motility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were randomly divided in six groups (each group consisting of 6 animals): Control group, Cind group - receiving indian hemp infuse for 20 days, Cids group-receiving industrial hemp infuse for 20 days, M group - treated with single dose of morphine (5 mg/kg i.m.) Cind+M group - treated with indian hemp infuse and single dose of morphine (5 mg/kg i.m.), Cids+M - treated with industrial hemp infuse and single dose of morphine (5 mg/kg i.m.). On the 20th day of the study animals were administered charcoal meal, and were sacrificed 35 minutes after administration. Intestinal motility was estimated according to distance between carbo medicinalis and cecum in centimeters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decrease of intestinal motility in animals treated with indian hemp infuse was not significant compared to controls and it was smaller compared to animals treated with morphine (Indian hemp =15.43±10.5 cm, morphine = 20.14±5.87 cm). Strongest decrease of intestinal motility was recorded in animals treated with industrial hemp infuse, and it was significant compared to controls and morphine (industrial hemp = 26.5±9.90 cm, morphine = 20.14±5.87 cm; p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although not completely without psychotropic activity cannabidiol could be a potential replacement for tetrahydrocannabinol. Since industrial hemp infuse rich in cannabidiol reduces intestinal motility in healthy mice cannabidiol should be further evaluated for the treatment of intestinal hypermotility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sabo
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stilinovic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berenji
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vukmirovic
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002188:Cannabis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D028321:Plant Preparations; D009020:Morphine