title: Current pharmacotherapy for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nausea and vomiting are two of the most frequent and troubling side effects patients experience during chemotherapy, interfering with compliance with cancer therapies and quality of life. While newly available treatments have improved our ability to manage nausea and vomiting, anticipatory and delayed nausea and vomiting are still major problems for patients receiving chemotherapy. Many cancer patients consider delaying future chemotherapy cycles and some contemplate stopping chemotherapy altogether because of their fear of experiencing further nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the pathopsychophysiology of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), the recommended guidelines for treatment, and current agents in late-stage clinical trials, and future research needs to address the continued challenges of treatment-related nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite advances in pharmaceutical and behavioral therapies, and the provision of standard clinical guidelines for effectively managing CINV, patients continue to experience it. Moreover, control of nausea, acute and delayed, and anticipatory nausea and vomiting remains an important, unmet need among cancer patients. It is critical to focus attention on better understanding the mechanisms underlying nausea, anticipatory symptoms and delayed symptoms.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Medical Center, James P Wilmot Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Box 658, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Janelsins
authors.forename: Mohamedtaki A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tejani
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kamen
authors.forename: Anita R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Peoples
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mustian
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Morrow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents