title: Dietary exposure and risk assessment of mercury via total diet study in Cambodia.
abstract: To assess the daily intakes of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) and the possible adverse health impacts, different food groups including fish, meat, vegetable and rice were collected from three areas in Cambodia. The concentrations of THg and MeHg ranged from 0.16 to 171 ng g(-1) and not detected (ND) to 82.3 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww), respectively. The concentrations of THg and MeHg in fish were approximately three to four orders of magnitude greater than that in fruit and vegetable. Fish had the highest contribution to the total daily intakes of THg and MeHg. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of THg for the general population in Kampong Cham, Kratie and Kandal was 0.24, 1.38 and 0.22 μg kg(-1) bw d(-1), and 0.11, 0.45 and 0.06 μg kg(-1) bw d(-1) for MeHg, respectively. The dietary daily intakes of MeHg in Kratie and Kampong Cham were greater than the reference dose (RfD) imposed by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and in Kratie was also exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) imposed by World Health Organization (WHO). To our knowledge, this the first study to evaluate the daily intakes of THg and MeHg in Cambodia.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hong-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Suthipong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sthiannopkao
authors.forename: Guang-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Kyoung-Woong
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mohamed Salleh Mohamed
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yasin
authors.forename: Jamal Hisham
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.forename: Ming-Hung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002160:Cambodia; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; C073972:dimethyl mercury; D008628:Mercury