title: Surgical culture in transition: gender matters and generation counts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to study the impact of the change in gender balance and the shift in generational beliefs on the practice of surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used in-depth, individual, semistructured interviews to explore the ideas, perceptions and experiences of recently recruited academic surgeons regarding the role of gender and the influence of the changing attitudes of this generation on the work environment. All the interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The data analysis was both iterative and interpretative.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine women and 8 men participated in the study. All participants stated that departmental expectations regarding their performance as clinicians and as academics were not influenced by gender. However, further exploration revealed how gender did influence the way they sought to balance their personal and professional lives. Women in particular struggled with attaining this balance. While maternity leave was endorsed by both men and women, the challenging logistics associated with such leave were noted. Our data also revealed a generational shift among men and women in terms of the importance of the balance between their personal and professional lives. Participants saw this priority as radically different from that of their senior colleagues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender and the shift in generational attitudes are changing the culture of academic surgery, often described as the prototypical male-dominated medical environment. These changes may reflect the changing face of medicine.
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont., Canada. jbbrown@uwo.ca
authors.forename: Judith Belle
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fluit
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lent
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herbert
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002170:Canada; D002321:Career Choice; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010559:Personnel Management; D012737:Sex Factors