title: Photoelectrochemical lab-on-paper device based on an integrated paper supercapacitor and internal light source.
abstract: In this work, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) method was introduced into a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μ-PAD), and thus, a truly low-cost, simple, portable, and disposable microfluidic PEC origami device (μ-PECOD) with an internal chemiluminescence light source and external digital multimeter (DMM) was demonstrated. The PEC responses of this μ-PECOD were investigated, and the enhancements of photocurrents in μ-PECOD were observed under both external and internal light sources compared with that on a traditional flat electrode counterpart. As a further amplification of the generated photocurrents, an all-solid-state paper supercapacitor was constructed and integrated into the μ-PECOD to collect and store the generated photocurrents. The stored electrical energy could be released instantaneously through the DMM to obtain an amplified (∼13-fold) and DMM-detectable current as well as a higher sensitivity than the direct photocurrent measurement, allowing the expensive and sophisticated electrochemical workstation or lock-in amplifier to be abandoned. As a model, sandwich adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding aptamers were taken as molecular reorganization elements on this μ-PECOD for the sensitive determination of ATP in human serum samples in the linear range from 1.0 pM to 1.0 nM with a detection limit of 0.2 pM. The specificity, reproducibility, and stability of this μ-PECOD were also investigated.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing and Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Panpan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shenguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Nianqiang
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jiadong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000097:blood*; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D010209:Paper; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate