title: Cerebral function of bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells after transplantation in Parkinson's disease rat models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to explore the mechanism of bone marrow-derived multipotent adult progenitor cell (MAPC) differentiation into neurons to restore functional deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  We were successfully established a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). MAPC were injected into the left striatum for cellular identification. At 3 months after the injection, behavioral tests, immunofluorescence reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control animals, MAPC-derived dopaminergic neurons caused gradual, sustained behavioral restoration of dopamine-mediated motor asymmetry. Within 1 hour, the impaired gait of the rats in the MAPC group was improved compared with the control group (P < .05). After implantation, the MAPCs survived and differentiated into neuronlike cells in the substantia nigra and striatum including dopaminergic neurons. Real-time PCR revealed significantly higher dopamine-β-hydroxylase (1.64-fold increase), dopamine transporter (1.55-fold increase), and nerve growth factor (1.77-fold increase) mRNA levels in the MAPC group, suggesting that MAPC-derived neurons perform the function of dopaminergic neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immature synapses under electron microscopy show that MAPC-derived neurons have great potential in the reconstruction of the neural circuitry. Transplanted MAPCs develop spontaneously into dopaminergic neurons, which restore cerebral function and behavior in PD rat models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005684:Gait; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009043:Motor Activity; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D055495:Neurogenesis; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase