title: High dietary magnesium intake is associated with low insulin resistance in the Newfoundland population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnesium plays a role in glucose and insulin homeostasis and evidence suggests that magnesium intake is associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, data is inconsistent and most studies have not adequately controlled for critical confounding factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study investigated the association between magnesium intake and IR in normal-weight (NW), overweight (OW) and obese (OB) along with pre- and post- menopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2295 subjects (590 men and 1705 women) were recruited from the CODING study. Dietary magnesium intake was computed from the Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Adiposity (NW, OW and OB) was classified by body fat percentage (%BF) measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry according to the Bray criteria. Multiple regression analyses were used to test adiposity-specific associations of dietary magnesium intake on insulin resistance adjusting for caloric intake, physical activity, medication use and menopausal status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with the highest intakes of dietary magnesium had the lowest levels of circulating insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-ß and subjects with the lowest intake of dietary magnesium had the highest levels of these measures, suggesting a dose effect. Multiple regression analysis revealed a strong inverse association between dietary magnesium with IR. In addition, adiposity and menopausal status were found to be critical factors revealing that the association between dietary magnesium and IR was stronger in OW and OB along with Pre-menopausal women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that higher dietary magnesium intake is strongly associated with the attenuation of insulin resistance and is more beneficial for overweight and obese individuals in the general population and pre-menopausal women. Moreover, the inverse correlation between insulin resistance and dietary magnesium intake is stronger when adjusting for %BF than BMI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.
authors.forename: Farrell
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: Mariam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahidi
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wadden
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gulliver
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Randell
authors.forename: Sudesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasdev
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008274:Magnesium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D009765:Obesity; D050177:Overweight; D017698:Postmenopause; D017697:Premenopause; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D008274:Magnesium; D005947:Glucose