title: Impact of taurine supplementation on blood pressure in gestational protein-restricted offspring: Effect on the medial solitary tract nucleus cell numbers, angiotensin receptors, and renal sodium handling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study considers changes of the postnatal brainstem cell number and angiotensin receptors by maternal protein restriction (LP) and LP taurine supplementation (LPT), and its impact on arterial hypertension development in adult life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The brain tissue studies were performed by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and isotropic fractionator analysis. The current study shows that elevated blood pressure associated with decreased fractional urinary sodium excretion (FENa) in adult LP offspring was reverted by diet taurine supplementation. Also, that 12-day-old LP pups present a reduction of 21% of brainstem neuron counts, and, immunohistochemistry demonstrates a decreased expression of type 1 angiotensin II receptors (AT1R) in the entire medial solitary tract nuclei (nTS) of 16-week-old LP rats compared to age-matched NP and LPT offspring. Conversely, the immunostained type 2 AngII (AT2R) receptors in 16-week-old LP nTS were unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present investigation shows a decreased FENa that occurs despite unchanged creatinine clearance. It is plausible to hypothesize an association of decreased postnatal nTS cell number, AT1R/AT2R ratio and FENa with the higher blood pressure levels found in taurine-deficient progeny (LP) compared with age-matched NP and LPT offspring.
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Scabora
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Cardoso
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ize Penhas
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Fernandes
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele Bráz
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Aline
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Medicina Interna, Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidro-Salino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil gontijo@fcm.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: José Antonio Rocha
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gontijo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002452:Cell Count; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008094:Lithium / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D013654:Taurine; D008094:Lithium; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Arterial hypertension; angiotensin receptors; kidney function; low-protein diet; natriuresis; solitary tract nucleus; taurine