title: The antioxidative effect of a novel free radical scavenger 4'-hydroxyl-2-substituted phenylnitronyl nitroxide in acute high-altitude hypoxia mice.
abstract: Acute mountain sickness is caused by sub-acute hypoxia in healthy individuals going rapidly to altitude. Both tissue hypoxia in vitro and whole-body hypoxia in vivo have been found to promote the release of reactive oxygen species. Nitronyl nitroxide can trap free radicals such as ·NO or ·OH, and may therefore be efficient protective agents. This study assessed the ability of nitronyl nitroxide to against acute mountain sickness as a free radical scavenger in acute high-altitude hypoxia mice model. Normobaric hypoxia and hypobaric hypoxia model were used to estimate the protect effects of nitronyl nitroxide against acute mountain sickness. Low pressure oxygen compartment system was used to stimulate high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia environment. Mice in nitronyl nitroxide groups survived longer than acetazolamide group in normobaric hypoxia test. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in both cerebrum and myocardium in vehicle group. The results indicated more radicals were generated during high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia environment. In therapeutic groups H2O2 and MDA were significantly reduced while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) were similar to normal group. These results demonstrated that nitronyl nitroxide was an efficient tissue radical scavenger and a potential protective agent for acute mountain sickness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Peng-Cheng
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Hui-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lin-lin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zheng-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000531:Altitude; D000532:Altitude Sickness / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D048288:Imidazolines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C585472:2-(4'-hydroxyl)phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl; D000975:Antioxidants; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D048288:Imidazolines; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase