title: Hypocholesterolemic effect of capsaicinoids by increased bile acids excretion in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: METHODS
  This study investigated the interaction of dietary capsaicinoids with the mRNA and protein expressions of key receptors and enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham operation or ovariectomy. The sham group and OVX control group were fed with high-cholesterol diets, whereas the treatment group (control diet containing 0.01% capsaicinoids) was fed with high-cholesterol plus 0.01% capsaicinoids diet for 21 days. Capsaicinoids significantly decreased the body weight gain, plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerol without affecting the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the OVX rats. The change in plasma lipoprotein profile was accompanied by a greater excretion of total bile acid in feces and small intestinal contents. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses revealed that capsaicinoids significantly enhanced the expressions of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 but did not affect the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in the OVX rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capsaicinoids have cholesterol-lowering effects in OVX rats. The hypocholesterolemic activity of capsaicinoids is caused by the stimulating conversion of cholesterol to bile acids by upregulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase expression and the increase in fecal total bile acid excretion.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, P R China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Guoshan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Zongdao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; D027981:Symporters; D014280:Triglycerides; C071908:sodium-bile acid cotransporter; D002784:Cholesterol; C532838:CYP7A1 protein, rat; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase; D002211:Capsaicin; C012906:dihydrocapsaicin