title: Presence of organochlorine pesticides in breast milk samples from Colombian women.
abstract: The presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in biological and environmental samples has been studied for decades in many countries. Nonetheless, studies in Latin American countries like Colombia have been scarce. Determining the presence of OCPs in breast milk will be of relevance to assess exposures, potential health risks, and for surveillance among Latin American populations. Thirty-two breast-feeding mothers were selected to voluntarily participate in the study. Breast milk samples were analyzed for 10 OCPs (α-, β-, γ-, δ-HCH, Heptachlor, α-, γ-Chlordane, 4,4' DDT, 4,4' DDE, 4,4' DDD). Milk samples were analyzed using liquid-liquid extraction, followed by sulfuric acid clean-up, and quantified using GC/μECD. Results were confirmed by GC/MS. OCPs concentrations were normalized using fat content. In all but one sample, 4,4' DDE was quantified in concentrations ranging between<17 and 14948 ng g(-1) (ng of OCP per g of lipids), with a mean value of 203 ng g(-1). One woman had 4,4' DDE concentrations that were orders of magnitude above the average concentrations observed worldwide. Concentrations of 4,4' DDE in a second breast milk sample collected in a different time period of lactation from a sub-group of 13 women from the original participants, showed no statistically significant difference with the concentrations found in the first sample. Based on the results obtained from the Persistent Organic Pollutants Global Monitoring Plan report of 2009 of the Stockholm Convention, Colombia ranks fourth from bottom to top in terms of 4,4' DDE average concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Ximena
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rojas-Squella
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Landaeta
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaimes
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Olga L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Sarmiento
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ramos-Bonilla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003105:Colombia; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides