title: Maternal weight, gestational weight gain and preschool wheezing: the Generation R Study.
abstract: We studied the associations of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with risks of preschool wheezing in offspring and explored the role of growth, infectious and atopic mechanisms. This substudy of 4656 children was embedded in a population-based birth cohort. Information about maternal pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain and wheezing at the ages of 1-4 years was obtained by either physical measurements or questionnaires. Among mothers with a history of asthma or atopy, maternal pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with an overall increased risk of preschool wheezing (odds ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.95). Also, each standard deviation increase of gestational weight gain was associated with an increased overall risk of preschool wheezing (1.09, 1.04-1.14), was independent of pre-pregnancy body mass index and was not different between mothers with and without a history of asthma or atopy. Child's growth, respiratory tract infections or eczema did not alter the results. Mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity and a history of asthma or atopy, and mothers with higher gestational weight gain showed higher risks of wheezing in their offspring. These associations could not be explained by growth, infectious or atopic mechanisms. Further research is needed to identify underlying mechanisms and long-term consequences.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam.
authors.forename: Elisabeth T M
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Leermakers
authors.forename: Agnes M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sonnenschein-van der Voort
authors.forename: Romy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: Johan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Jongste
authors.forename: Vincent W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.forename: Liesbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duijts
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain