title: Fecal transplant in refractory Clostridium difficile colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clostridium difficile infections are becoming more common, more severe, and more likely to recur. Conventional treatment with antibiotics often fails to eradicate the infection; even when it succeeds, recurrent infection is common. Complementary treatment with probiotic agents to reconstitute the physiological intestinal flora does not yield any consistent benefit. In recent years, fecal transplantation has been used in the English-speaking countries with cure rates of about 87%, but the available evidence is limited to large case series. No randomized controlled trials have been performed. We present the case of a 73-year-old woman with intractable, recurrent enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile who was successfully treated with fecal transplantation via colonoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Upon the completion of antibiotic treatment for a second recurrence of enterocolitis, stool in liquid suspension was introduced into the patient's colon through a colonoscope. Prior testing had shown the stool donor to be free of acute infection or stool pathogens. The patient was given loperamide to prolong contact of the stool transplant with the colonic mucosa. She was also treated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for four weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no clinical or microbiological evidence of a further recurrence of enterocolitis for 6 months after transplantation. Stool transplantation had no adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This patient had a lasting remission of enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile after the treatment described above. Fecal transplantation seems to be a safe and highly effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. It is unclear whether the administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae confers any additional benefit.
authors.affiliation: Ulm University Hospital Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine I, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleger
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schnell
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Essig
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bommer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seufferlein
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Härter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D003092:Colitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome