title: Numerical reconstruction and injury biomechanism in a car-pedestrian crash accident.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reconstruct a car-pedestrian crash accident using numerical simulation technology and explore the injury biomechanism as forensic evidence for injury identification.
  
  
  METHODS
  An integration of multi-body dynamic, finite element (FE), and classical method was applied to a car-pedestrian crash accident. The location of the collision and the details of the traffic accident were determined by vehicle trace verification and autopsy. The accident reconstruction was performed by coupling the three-dimensional car behavior from PC-CRASH with a MADYMO dummy model. The collision FE models of head and leg, developed from CT scans of human remains, were loaded with calculated dummy collision parameters. The data of the impact biomechanical responses were extracted in terms of von Mises stress, relative displacement, strain and stress fringes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The accident reconstruction results were identical with the examined ones and the biomechanism of head and leg injuries, illustrated through the FE methods, were consistent with the classical injury theories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The numerical simulation technology is proved to be effective in identifying traffic accidents and exploring of injury biomechanism.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, P.R.China, Shanghai 200063, China. zoudonghua1128@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Dong-Hua
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Zheng-Dong
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ning-Guo
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yi-Jiu
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles; D001344:Autopsy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000473:pathology*; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016138:Walking / Q000293:injuries*