title: Production of ethanol 3G from Kappaphycus alvarezii: evaluation of different process strategies.
abstract: This study evaluated the potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii as feedstock for ethanol production, i.e. ethanol 3G. First, aquatic biomass was subjected to a diluted acid pretreatment. This acid pretreatment generated two streams--a galactose-containing liquid fraction and a cellulose-containing solid fraction, which were investigated to determine their fermentability with the following strategies: a single-stream process (simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of both fractions altogether), which achieved 64.3 g L(-1) of ethanol, and a two-stream process (fractions were fermented separately), which resulted in 38 g L(-1) of ethanol from the liquid fraction and 53.0 g L(-1) from the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of the solid fraction. Based on the average fermentable carbohydrate concentration, it was possible to obtain 105 L of ethanol per ton of dry seaweed. These preliminaries results indicate that the use of the macro-algae K. alvarezii has a good potential feedstock for bioethanol production.
authors.affiliation: Laboratórios de Desenvolvimento de Bioprocessos, Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av., Horácio Macedo 2030, Bloco E, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Iiboshi
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: Carolina Araújo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Barcelos
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos Augusto
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Nei
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D002606:Charcoal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D002606:Charcoal; D000431:Ethanol; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D002351:Carrageenan; D002482:Cellulose; D005662:Furaldehyde; D005947:Glucose; C033158:sulfuric acid; D005690:Galactose