title: Sorafenib in patients with refractory or recurrent multiple myeloma.
abstract: Sorafenib is a small molecular inhibitor of several tyrosine protein kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor and rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinases, targeting signal transduction and angiogenic pathways. It is approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The objectives of this prospective phase II trial were to assess the activity and tolerability of sorafenib in patients with recurrent or refractory myeloma. In total, 11 patients were enrolled. Patients received 2 × 200 mg of sorafenib orally twice daily until completing 13 full cycles or disease progression. Of the side effects, 8.8% grade 3 and 1.1% grade 4 occurred. Sorafenib treatment was effective in two patients who achieved a partial response and a continuous stable disease with duration of 24.4 months and 6.9 month, respectively. Further clinical investigations are recommended to investigate sorafenib single agent activity in myeloma subgroups with ras-/BRAF-/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor pathway activation and combination therapy approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yordanova
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hose
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neben
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witzens-Harig
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gütgemann
authors.forename: Marc-Steffen
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moehler
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt
authors.forename: Ingo G H
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Wolf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D000077157:Sorafenib; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D009536:Niacinamide; D013792:Thalidomide; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077269:Lenalidomide
keywords: multiple myeloma; phase II clinical trial; recurrent; refractory; sorafenib