title: Contributions of Medieval Islamic physicians to the history of tracheostomy.
abstract: Tracheostomy was first described by Greco-Roman physicians, including Paulus of Aegina. Medieval Islamic clinicians extended the Greco-Roman ideas with substantial contributions to the field of surgery, including tracheostomy. Although Al-Zahrawi (936-1013 CE) stated that he had not heard or read of any Islamic physicians having performed tracheostomy, there is evidence that many prominent Islamic surgeons did practice this lifesaving procedure during medieval times. Throughout the Islamic Golden Age, Muslim physicians advanced the practice of tracheostomy with many modifications of the procedure, instrumentation, and adjuvant medicinal prescriptions.
authors.affiliation: From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; and Departments of Anesthesiology and Emergency Medicine, Pediatric Health Research Center, and Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Samad E J
authors.initials: SEJ
authors.lastname: Golzari
authors.forename: Zahid Hussain
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Kamyar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghabili
authors.forename: Hamzeh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soleimanpour
authors.forename: Rasoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Azarfarin
authors.forename: Ata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahmoodpoor
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aslanabadi
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ansarin
mesh_terms: D018643:Arab World / Q000266:history; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam / Q000266:history; D008514:Medicine, Arabic / Q000266:history*; D010820:Physicians / Q000266:history; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000266:history*