title: Resting-state brain activity in major depressive disorder patients and their siblings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heritable psychiatric disease, and the existing literature is not robust enough to allow us to evaluate whether MDD-associated biomarkers are state-independent heritable endophenotypes or state markers related to depression per se.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty two patients diagnosed with MDD, 22 siblings, as well as 26 gender-, age-, and education-matched healthy subjects, participated in the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis. We compared the differences in the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) among the three groups and investigated the correlation between clinical measurements and fALFF in the regions displaying significant group differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the MDD and siblings groups showed an increased fALFF in the left middle frontal gyrus (l-MFG, Brodmann Area, BA 10) compared to the healthy controls. The MDD groups demonstrated an increased fALFF in the right dorsal medial frontal gyrus (r-DMFG, BA 9) and a decreased fALFF in the bilateral lingual gyrus relative to siblings and healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medication effects, an inability to control subjects' thoughts during imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the dysfunction in the l-MFG may represent an imaging endophenotype which may indicate a risk for MDD. The r-DMFG may play a critical role in depressive symptomatology and may reveal therapeutic target for MDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fu-Chun
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chang-Le
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tie
authors.forename: Su-Fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yong-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Chuan-Yue
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D035781:Siblings