title: Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in New Zealand: findings from the 2008/09 Adult Nutrition Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes for New Zealand adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey was a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of 4,721 New Zealanders aged 15 years and above. Self-reported diabetes and the 2010 American Diabetes Association cutoffs for HbA1c were used to define diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. Prevalence rates were calculated and age-specific diagnosed diabetes rates were compared with those from the Virtual Diabetes Register.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, prevalence of diabetes was 7.0%, and prevalence of prediabetes 18.6%. Prevalence of diabetes was higher in men (8.3%, 95% CI: 6.4, 10.1) than in women (5.8%, 95% CI: 4.7, 7.0), and was higher among the obese (14.2%, 95% CI: 11.6, 16.9) compared with the normal weight group (2.4%, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.6). Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was highest among Pacific people (6.4%, 95% CI: 3.8, 9.1) compared with Maori (2.2%, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.1) and New Zealand European and Others (1.5%, 95% CI: 0.9, 2.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of prediabetes indicates the prevalence of diabetes will continue to increase in New Zealand. Implementation of effective evidence-based prevention strategies is required to reduce the increasing costs of the diabetes epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Edgar National Centre for Diabetes and Obesity Research, Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kirsten J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Coppell
authors.forename: Jim I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Sheila M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Drury
authors.forename: Jody C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Winsome R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Parnell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human