title: Textile integrated sensors and actuators for near-infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: Being the closest layer to our body, textiles provide an ideal platform for integrating sensors and actuators to monitor physiological signals. We used a woven textile to integrate photodiodes and light emitting diodes. LEDs and photodiodes enable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) systems to monitor arterial oxygen saturation and oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in human tissue. Photodiodes and LEDs are mounted on flexible plastic strips with widths of 4 mm and 2 mm, respectively. The strips are woven during the textile fabrication process in weft direction and interconnected with copper wires with a diameter of 71 μm in warp direction. The sensor textile is applied to measure the pulse waves in the fingertip and the changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin during a venous occlusion at the calf. The system has a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 70 dB and a system drift of 0.37% ± 0.48%. The presented work demonstrates the feasibility of integrating photodiodes and LEDs into woven textiles, a step towards wearable health monitoring devices.
authors.affiliation: Electronics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland. zysset@ife.ee.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zysset
authors.forename: Nassim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nasseri
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Büthe
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Münzenrieder
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinkeldei
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petti
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kleiser
authors.forename: Giovanni A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tröster
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D012666:Semiconductors; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018511:Systems Integration; D013784:Textiles; D014159:Transducers
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen