title: Biodegradation of 4-chloronitrobenzene by biochemical cooperation between Sphingomonas sp. strain CNB3 and Burkholderia sp. strain CAN6 isolated from activated sludge.
abstract: Two bacterial strains were isolated from activated sludge by using 4-chloronitrobenzene (4-CB) as the sole source of carbon for enrichment. One of the isolates was identified as Sphingomonas sp. strain CNB3 and the other as Burkholderia sp. strain CAN6, mainly through morphological and physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Sphingomonas sp. strain CNB3 could transform 4-CB to 4-chloroaniline, which accumulated in the medium. Burkholderia sp. strain CAN6 could transform 4-chloroaniline but not 4-CB. The co-culture of Sphingomonas sp. strain CNB3 and Burkholderia sp. strain CAN6 could degrade 4-CB completely by the biochemical cooperation of two strains to overcome the degradative limitations of each species alone. In addition, the biochemical pathway of 4-chloroaniline transformation by Burkholderia sp. strain CAN6 was proposed based on the determined related enzyme activities. The results suggested that 4-chloroaniline was completely transformed via the ortho-cleavage and modified ortho-cleavage pathways.
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Longjiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yiying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019117:Burkholderia / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; C010407:4-chloronitrobenzene