title: An investigation of sleep patterns in adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder compared with typically developing adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the sleep patterns and disturbances in a pure sample of adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents completed a sleep questionnaire battery and a 7 d sleep diary. Actigraphic data were collected from a sub-sample of participants (55%) with HFASD and all typically developing (TD) adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents with HFASD were three times more likely to report a sleep problem than their TD peers (46.2% vs. 14.8%). Adolescents with HFASD had decreased sleep efficiency (diary) (p = 0.04, η(2 )= 0.10), and more fatigue (p = 0.002, η(2 )= 0.18) compared with TD adolescents. While TD adolescents generally experienced one symptom of insomnia, adolescents with HFASD were likely to experience two or three symptoms of insomnia (p = 0.02, V = 0.36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that adolescents with HFASD show a continuation of the maladaptive sleep patterns as seen in children with an autism spectrum disorder and these sleep disturbances are associated with increased daytime sleepiness.
authors.affiliation: Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richdale
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gradisar
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires