title: Mobile phone text messaging to assess symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury and provide self-care support: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) receiving text messaging-based education and behavioral support had fewer and less severe postconcussive symptoms than those not receiving text-message support. Our secondary objective was to determine the feasibility of using text messaging to assess daily symptoms and provide support to patients with mTBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial with 14-day follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience sample of 43 adult emergency department patients with mTBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen days of timed SMS (short-message service) symptom assessments (9 AM: headaches; 1 PM: difficulty concentrating; 5 PM: irritability or anxiety) with self-care support messages.
  
  
  METHODS
  SMS symptom reports, Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, intervention participants trended to lower odds of reporting headaches (odds ratio [OR] = 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07-1.99), concentration difficulty (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.04-2.24), and irritability or anxiety (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.05-2.35). There were also trends of lower mean scores for headaches (0.99 vs 1.19; P = .5), difficulty concentrating (0.88 vs 1.23; P = .2), and irritability/anxiety (1.00 vs 1.62; P = .06). There were high response rate to SMS symptom assessments and high satisfaction with the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Those receiving the text messaging-based education and support had fewer and less severe postconcussive symptoms than the controls but none of the differences reached statistical significance. Further evaluation of more robust mobile interventions and larger sample of participants are still needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. suffbp@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Suffoletto
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Arenth
authors.forename: Jaclyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calabria
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kingsley
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kristan
authors.forename: Clifton W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Callaway
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D060145:Text Messaging; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult