title: Murine spinotrapezius model to assess the impact of arteriolar ligation on microvascular function and remodeling.
abstract: The murine spinotrapezius is a thin, superficial skeletal support muscle that extends from T3 to L4, and is easily accessible via dorsal skin incision. Its unique anatomy makes the spinotrapezius useful for investigation of ischemic injury and subsequent microvascular remodeling. Here, we demonstrate an arteriolar ligation model in the murine spinotrapezius muscle that was developed by our research team and previously published(1-3). For certain vulnerable mouse strains, such as the Balb/c mouse, this ligation surgery reliably creates skeletal muscle ischemia and serves as a platform for investigating therapies that stimulate revascularization. Methods of assessment are also demonstrated, including the use of intravital and confocal microscopy. The spinotrapezius is well suited to such imaging studies due to its accessibility (superficial dorsal anatomy) and relative thinness (60-200 μm). The spinotrapezius muscle can be mounted en face, facilitating imaging of whole-muscle microvascular networks without histological sectioning. We describe the use of intravital microscopy to acquire metrics following a functional vasodilation procedure; specifically, the increase in arterilar diameter as a result of muscle contraction. We also demonstrate the procedures for harvesting and fixing the tissues, a necessary precursor to immunostaining studies and the use of confocal microscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Guendel
authors.forename: Kyle S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cutts
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Feilim
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mac Gabhann
authors.forename: Trevor R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cardinal
authors.forename: Shayn M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Peirce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008026:Ligation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*