title: Proteomic analysis of grape berry skin responding to sunlight exclusion.
abstract: The most obvious effect of sunlight exclusion from grape clusters is the inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the berry skin so that no color develops. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was used to characterize the proteins isolated from berry skins that developed under sunlight exclusion versus those from sunlight-exposed berries. Among more than 1500 spots resolved in stained gels, the accumulation patterns of 96 spots differed significantly between sunlight-excluded berry skin and that of sunlight-exposed control berries. Seventy-two proteins, including 35 down-regulated and 37 up-regulated proteins, were identified and categorized. Proteins involved in photosynthesis and secondary metabolism, especially UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT), the key step for anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berry skin, were accumulated less in the absence of sunlight. Several isoforms of heat shock proteins were also down-regulated. The proteins that were over-accumulated in sunlight-excluded berry skin were more often related to energy production, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic-acid cycle, protein synthesis and biogenesis of cellular components. Their putative role is discussed in terms of their relevance to sunlight exclusion processes.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Yuegang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Benhong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003624:Darkness; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020543:Proteome; D012621:Seasons; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome