title: Basaloid tumors in nevus sebaceus revisited: the follicular stem cell marker PHLDA1 (TDAG51) indicates that most are basal cell carcinomas and not trichoblastomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Until the 1990s, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was viewed as the most common epithelial neoplasm developing in association with nevus sebaceus (NS). Currently, trichoblastoma is thought of as the most prevalent basaloid neoplasm in NS. The follicular stem cell marker pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1 (PHLDA1) also known as T-cell death-associated gene 51 (TDAG51) labels trichoepithelioma (TE) but not BCC. Therefore, we explored its usefulness in basaloid neoplasms developing in NS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied immunohistochemically PHLDA1 in 10 nodular BCCs, 11 TEs, 11 trichoblastomas and 25 NS with basaloid tumors. Additionally, we examined the expression of BCC marker BerEP4 and the distribution of Merkel cells that function as surrogate markers for benign follicular neoplasms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen of the 25 basaloid tumors in NS were PHLDA1-negative comparable to BCC arising de novo and six tumors were PHLDA1-positive comparable to solitary trichoblastomas and TEs. Fewer Merkel cells were seen in BCCs associated with NS when compared with trichoblastoma. BerEP4 did not discriminate between the neoplasms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We raise concern that the unquestioned assessment that basaloid tumors developing in association with NS represent mostly trichoblastomas and not BCC may not be true. This influences clinical care, as it is paramount in the decision of whether to excise these lesions or not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. klaus.sellheyer@gmail.com
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sellheyer
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cribier
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kutzner
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rütten
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D006201:Hair Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018294:Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D054000:Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C491923:PHLDA1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors