title: Odor, gaseous and PM10emissions from small scale combustion of wood types indigenous to Central Europe.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the emissions, including odor, from log wood stoves, burning wood types indigenous to mid-European countries such as Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Switzerland, as well as Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria (Germany) and South Tyrol (Italy). The investigations were performed with a modern, certified, 8 kW, manually fired log wood stove, and the results were compared to emissions from a modern 9 kW pellet stove. The examined wood types were deciduous species: black locust, black poplar, European hornbeam, European beech, pedunculate oak (also known as "common oak"), sessile oak, turkey oak and conifers: Austrian black pine, European larch, Norway spruce, Scots pine, silver fir, as well as hardwood briquettes. In addition, "garden biomass" such as pine cones, pine needles and dry leaves were burnt in the log wood stove. The pellet stove was fired with softwood pellets. The composite average emission rates for log wood and briquettes were 2030 mg MJ-1for CO; 89 mg MJ-1for NOx, 311 mg MJ-1for CxHy, 67 mg MJ-1for particulate matter PM10and average odor concentration was at 2430 OU m-3. CO, CxHyand PM10emissions from pellets combustion were lower by factors of 10, 13 and 3, while considering NOx- comparable to the log wood emissions. Odor from pellets combustion was not detectable. CxHyand PM10 emissions from garden biomass (needles and leaves) burning were 10 times higher than for log wood, while CO and NOxrise only slightly. Odor levels ranged from not detectable (pellets) to around 19,000 OU m-3(dry leaves). The odor concentration correlated with CO, CxHyand PM10. For log wood combustion average odor ranged from 536 OU m-3for hornbeam to 5217 OU m-3for fir, indicating a considerable influence of the wood type on odor concentration.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A1060 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kistler
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidl
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Padouvas
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giebl
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lohninger
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ellinger
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Puxbaum
keywords: Biomass combustion; Log wood stove; Odor; Particulate emissions; Pellet stove; Wood smoke