title: Primary renal carcinoid: treatment and prognosis.
abstract: Primary carcinoid tumors of the kidney are very rare, malignant tumors consisting of neuroendocrine cells. The pathogenesis of renal carcinoid is unclear because neuroendocrine cells are not normally found in adult renal parenchyma. Electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, octreotide scan, positron emission tomography along with conventional radiographic imaging techniques are used in diagnosis and follow-up. Presenting symptoms usually include flank pain and haematuria. Early stage disease is treated with surgery only. However, randomized trials are lacking because of the very low number of reported cases. Thus, the role of debulking surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, octreotide and targeted therapy in the management of advanced disease remains an open question. In this article the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of this very rare disease along with treatment outcomes of the reported cases are reviewed. In addition, we report a new case of a metastatic primary renal atypical carcinoid tumor treated with octreotide therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. taner.korkmaz@gmail.com
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.forename: Selcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seber
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yavuzer
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gumus
authors.forename: N Serdar
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Turhal
mesh_terms: D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis
keywords: Neuroendocrine tumors; Octreotid; Primary renal carcinoid; Prognosis