title: Learning about the history of landscape use for the future: consequences for ecological and social systems in Swedish Bergslagen.
abstract: Barriers and bridges to implement policies about sustainable development and sustainability commonly depend on the past development of social-ecological systems. Production of metals required integration of use of ore, streams for energy, and wood for bioenergy and construction, as well as of multiple societal actors. Focusing on the Swedish Bergslagen region as a case study we (1) describe the phases of natural resource use triggered by metallurgy, (2) the location and spatial extent of 22 definitions of Bergslagen divided into four zones as a proxy of cumulative pressure on landscapes, and (3) analyze the consequences for natural capital and society. We found clear gradients in industrial activity, stream alteration, and amount of natural forest from the core to the periphery of Bergslagen. Additionally, the legacy of top-down governance is linked to today's poorly diversified business sector and thus municipal vulnerability. Comparing the Bergslagen case study with other similar regions in Russia and Germany, we discuss the usefulness of multiple case studies.
authors.affiliation: School for Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden. per.angelstam@slu.se
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angelstam
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Maths
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isacson
authors.forename: Dmitri V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Gavrilov
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Axelsson
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bäckström
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Degerman
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elbakidze
authors.forename: Elena Yu
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kazakova-Apkarimova
authors.forename: Lotta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sartz
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sädbom
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Törnblom
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D016468:Forestry; D005843:Geography; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D008669:Metallurgy / Q000266:history*; D013548:Sweden; D014881:Water Supply