title: Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: pharmacological principles and clinical practice.
abstract: Strategies for assisting smoking cessation include behavioural counselling to enhance motivation and to support attempts to quit and pharmacological intervention to reduce nicotine reinforcement and withdrawal from nicotine. Three drugs are currently used as first line pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline. Compared with placebo, the drug effect varies from 2.27 (95% CI 2.02, 2.55) for varenicline, 1.69 (95% CI 1.53, 1.85) for bupropion and 1.60 (95% CI 1.53, 1.68) for any form of nicotine replacement therapy. Despite some controversy regarding the safety of bupropion and varenicline, regulatory agencies consider these drugs as having a favourable benefit/risk profile. However, given the high rate of psychiatric comorbidity in dependent smokers, practitioners should closely monitor patients for neuropsychiatric symptoms. Second-line pharmacotherapies include nortriptyline and clonidine. This review also offers an overview of pipeline developments and issues related to smoking cessation in special populations such as persons with psychiatric comorbidity and pregnant and adolescent smokers.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'enseignement, de recherche, et de traitement des addictions, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Pars-Sud 11 University, INSERM U669, 94800, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Henri-Jean
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luquiens
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berlin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016642:Bupropion / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D015195:Drug Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068580:Varenicline
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D011810:Quinoxalines; D016642:Bupropion; D000068580:Varenicline
keywords: bupropion; clonidine; mental health; nicotine; pregnancy; varenicline