title: 5-Aminolevolinic acid mitigates the cadmium-induced changes in Brassica napus as revealed by the biochemical and ultra-structural evaluation of roots.
abstract: In the present study, the ameliorating effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) under cadmium (Cd) stress conditions were studied with special emphasis on root morphology and ultra-structure in oilseed rape. For this purpose, plants were treated hydroponically at three different Cd levels (0, 100, 500μM) and foliar spray of ALA with three concentrations (0, 12.5, 25mg/l) simultaneously. The results showed that foliar application of ALA improved the plant growth, root morphology and reduced the reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents in roots under Cd stress conditions. The higher concentration of Cd (500μM) decreased the activities of antioxidants enzymes like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GR) and also reduced the oxidized glutathione and total glutathione contents in roots. Application of ALA at 25mg/l dosage significantly enhanced the antioxidant activities e.g. APX, SOD, POD, and GSH contents under Cd stress. The microscopic micrographs showed that application of exogenous ALA improved the cell structure under Cd toxicity. A whole cell with developed nucleus, nuclear membrane, smooth cell wall, continuous endoplasmic reticulum, and well shaped mitochondria was observed under the combine application of ALA and Cd. These results suggest that, application of ALA helped the plants to improve root growth, root antioxidant enzymes, and ultra-structural changes in root tip cells under fifteen days Cd-induced stress.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Basharat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Qiaojing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Yuanfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Rafaqat A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Shafaqat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Muhammad T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rafiq
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Weijun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione