title: Aetiology, pathogenesis, and specific management of Stahl's ear: role of the transverse muscle insertion.
abstract: Stahl's ear is an anomaly of the external ear that is characterised by a third crux in the antihelix. Its aetiology is unknown. We report 5 patients with Stahl's ear, and describe the anatomy, particularly the musculature. We identified the position of the transverse muscle of the ear as being abnormal, and this can take 2 forms: an abnormal insertion of the entire muscle, or an abnormal insertion of the superior head of the muscle.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gleizal
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Bachelet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D054644:Ear Auricle / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D004425:Ear Cartilage / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013536:Suture Techniques
keywords: Otoplasty; Stahl's ear; Transverse muscle