title: High uptake of HIV testing in a cohort of male injection drug users in Delhi, India: prevalence and correlates of HIV infection.
abstract: We report baseline findings from a longitudinal cohort study to examine HIV incidence, high-risk injection and sexual behaviors of 3,792 male injection drug users (IDUs) in Delhi. The majority (95.4 %) accepted HIV testing; HIV prevalence was 21.9 %. In multivariate analysis, belonging to states adjacent to Delhi (AOR: 1.23; 95 % CI: 1.07-1.52), earning INR 500-1,500 (AOR: 2.38; 95 % CI: 1.43-3.96); duration of drug use 2-5 years (AOR: 2.02; 95 % CI: 1.09-3.73), 6-10 years (AOR: 2.81; 95 % CI: 1.55-5.11), ≥11 years (AOR: 3.35; 95 % CI: 1.84-6.11); prior HIV testing (AOR: 1.60; 95 % CI: 1.35-1.91), self-reported risky-injection behavior (AOR: 1.60; 95 % CI: 1.33-1.92), and utilization of harm-reduction services (AOR: 1.32; 95 % CI: 1.11-1.58) were positively associated with HIV infection. Alcohol use ≤2 times/week (AOR: 0.67; 95 % CI: 0.55-0.82) or ≥3 times/week (AOR: 0.74; 95 % CI: 0.54-1.01), unit increase in age (AOR: 0.99; 95 % CI: 0.98-1.00), ≥7 years of schooling (AOR: 0.82; 95 % CI: 0.66-1.02) and unsafe sex with any female partner (AOR: 0.69; 95 % CI: 0.55-0.86) were negatively associated with HIV infection. HIV prevalence remains high among male IDUs in Delhi. HIV prevention programs should include comprehensive package of services for IDUs.
authors.affiliation: Population Council, Zone 5A, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, 110003, India. asarna@popcouncil.org
authors.forename: Avina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarna
authors.forename: Waimar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tun
authors.forename: Vartika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebastian
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheehy
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Ibou
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thior
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D040261:Harm Reduction; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014600:Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data