title: Facilitated tucking on pain in pre-term newborns during neonatal intensive care: a single blinded randomized controlled cross-over pilot trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of facilitated tucking (FT) on pain in preterm newborns during heel stick procedure done as a part of neonatal intensive care.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized controlled cross-over pilot study included 20 preterm newborns of both sexes between gestational ages (GA) of 28 and 36 weeks based upon the eligibility criteria. Pain was measured using Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) following both heel stick with FT and without FT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The newborns had a lower PIPP score at 30 seconds (Mean, SD: 8.80, 3.82), 60 seconds (Mean, SD: 7.55, 3.28), 90 seconds (Mean, SD: 7.25, 3.06) and 120 seconds (Mean, SD: 6.65, 3.05) when heel stick was done with FT compared to the same procedure done without FT at 30 seconds (Mean, SD: 11.20, 3.44), 60 seconds (Mean, SD: 10.75, 3.24), 90 seconds (Mean, SD: 10.60, 3.22) and 120 seconds (Mean, SD: 10.50, 3.15). A (2 X 4) factorial ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference between these two procedures in all the time periods viz., 30 seconds (p=0.044), 60 seconds (p=0.004), 90 seconds (p=0.002) and 120 seconds (p< 0.0001) at 0.05 level in PIPP score and favoring FT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FT is an effective non-pharmacological pain management in preterm newborns during routine neonatal intensive care.
authors.affiliation: Srinivas College of Physiotherapy and Research Center, Mangalore, India. sbala_2001@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Balasubramanian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: Sonali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.forename: Joseley Sunderraj
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pandian
authors.forename: Vijay Pratap
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D060867:Facilitated Tucking; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016037:Single-Blind Method