title: Fatigue and recovery from dynamic contractions in men and women differ for arm and leg muscles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether there is a gender difference in fatigue and recovery from maximal velocity fatiguing contractions and across muscles is not understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen men and 19 women performed 90 isotonic contractions at maximal voluntary shortening velocity (maximal velocity concentric contractions, MVCC) with the elbow flexor and knee extensor muscles (separate days) at a load equivalent to 20% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Power (from MVCCs) decreased similarly for men and women for both muscles (P > 0.05). Men and women had similar declines in MVIC of elbow flexors, but men had greater reductions in knee extensor MVIC force and MVIC electromyogram activity than women (P < 0.05). The decline in MVIC and power was greater, and force recovery was slower for the elbow flexors compared with knee extensors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gender difference in muscle fatigue often observed during isometric tasks was diminished during fast dynamic contractions for upper and lower limb muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senefeld
authors.forename: Tejin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Marie Hoeger
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bement
authors.forename: Sandra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D004576:Electromyography; D005221:Fatigue / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007551:Isotonic Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: elbow flexors; gender; knee extensors; sex differences; women