title: Microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma using a new percutaneous device: preliminary results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thermal ablative techniques have gained increasing popularity as safe and effective options for patients with unresectable solid malignancies. Microwave ablation has emerged as a relatively new technique with the promise of larger and faster ablation areas without some of the limitations of radiofrequency thermal ablation. Herein, we report our preliminary results on the feasibility and efficacy of thermal ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a new 2.45-MHz microwave generator.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under ultrasound guidance 194 HCCs in 144 patients were treated through a percutaneous approach. The median diameter of lesions was 2.7 cm (range=2.0-11.0 cm); 68 lesions had a diameter greater than 30 mm. We used a microwave generator (AMICA-GEM, Apparatus for MICrowave Ablation) connected to a 14- or 16-gauge coaxial antenna endowed with a miniaturized sleeve choke to reduce back heating effects and increase the sphericity of the ablated area. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan was carried out one month after treatment, and then every three months to assess efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete ablation was achieved in 94.3% of the lesions after a mean of 1.03 percutaneous sessions. For small HCCs (diameter <3 cm) complete necrosis was obtained in 100%. Local tumor progressions were found in 10 treated lesions (5.1%) a median of 19.5 months after ablation. Minor complications occurred in 5.1% procedures. No deaths, or other major complications occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, the new device for microwave ablation proved to provide an effective and safe percutaneous ablative method, capable of producing large areas of necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Unit, Città di Pavia Institute, University Hospital, 27 Parco Vecchio Street, 27100 Pavia, Italy. guidopoggi64@gmail.com
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poggi
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Montagna
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: DI Cesare
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzucco
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riccardi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed