title: A randomised study to compare salivary pH, calcium, phosphate and calculus formation after using anticavity dentifrices containing Recaldent(®) and functionalized tri-calcium phosphate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to estimate the pH of saliva, concentration of calcium and inorganic phosphate, and calculus formation before and after usage of Recaldent(®) (GC Tooth Mousse Plus™), Functionalized Tricalcium Phosphate (3M ESPE ClinPro™ Tooth Crème) and standard dentifrice (Colgate dental cream).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 subjects were recruited, the subjects were assessed at their first visit, on the 21(st) day and on the 42(nd) day. At the first visit, scaling was carried out and oral hygiene instructions were given. After 21 days, the subjects were given coded dentifrices where the operator and the subjects both were unaware of the type of dentifrice. Clinical parameters assessed were Plaque index, Gingival index, and Calculus index. Salivary samples were obtained to measure calcium, phosphate levels, and pH at 21(st) day and 42(nd) day.
  
  
  METHODS
  ANOVA test, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean salivary calcium level and mean salivary phosphate level were higher in Group III (functionalized tricalcium phosphate (3M ESPE ClinPro™ Tooth Creme) as compared to Group II (Recaldent(®) GC Tooth Mousse Plus™) and Group I (Colgate dental cream) on the 42(nd) day after using dentifrices, which was statistically significant. This showed that the usage of remineralizing dentifrices led to an increase in the salivary calcium, phosphate, and pH but it did not reach the level of super saturation of the ions caused by elevated pH which could lead to calculus formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thought here was a statistically significant increase in salivary calcium and phosphate level in all three groups from baseline to 42(nd) day, there was no calculus formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bommanahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Ramesh Alampalli
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vishwanathamurthy
authors.forename: Manjari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nadella
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Savitha
authors.forename: Gayatri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gundannavar
authors.forename: M Ahad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hussain
keywords: Calcium; calculus formation; dentifrices; phosphate; remineralization