title: The associations among family meal frequency, food preparation frequency, self-efficacy for cooking, and food preparation techniques in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe family dinner frequency (FDF) by food preparation frequency (prep), self-efficacy for cooking (SE), and food preparation techniques (techniques) among a small sample in southwestern Ontario, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was administered under the supervision of the research team.
  
  
  METHODS
  After-school programs, sports programs, and 1 elementary school.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 145 participants (41% boys, 59% girls) in grades 4-8.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographics, prep, SE, techniques, FDF, and family meal attitudes and behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exploratory 1-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses were used. An ordinal regression analysis was used to determine the associations between FDF with descriptor variables (sex, grade, and ethnicity) and prep, SE, techniques, FDF, and family meal attitudes and behaviors (P < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 59% reported family dinners on 6 or 7 days per week. Half of participants were involved with prep 1-6 times per week. Mean SE was 25.3 (scale 1-32), and girls performed more techniques than boys (P = .02). Participants with greater SE (odds ratio = 1.15) and higher family meal attitudes and behaviors (odds ratio = 1.15) were more likely to have a higher FDF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future health promotion strategies for family meals should aim at increasing children's and adolescents' SE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada. woodruff@uwindsor.ca
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Woodruff
authors.forename: Ashley R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kirby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003296:Cooking; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals / Q000523:psychology*; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D002666:Psychology, Child; D020377:Self Efficacy