title: Fluoride penetration from three orthodontic adhesives: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prophylactic potential of 3 orthodontic bonding adhesives: Fuji Ortho SC, Illuminate, and Resilience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six Wistar Wag rats were randomly divided into 4 groups consisting of 9 rats each. One of the groups received no treatment and was used as a control. In the other groups, individual bands coated with one of the 3 adhesives were cemented to the lower incisors. Enamel samples were obtained after 6 and 12 weeks and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six weeks after band cementation, no fluoride was found in the enamel of the lower incisors. After 12 weeks, there was no fluoride in the enamel of teeth coated with the Resilience composite. However, in the case of the Illuminate composite and the resin-modified glass ionomer Fuji Ortho SC cement, the depth of fluoride penetration reached 2 µm and 4.8 - 5.7 µm, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoride ions from orthodontic adhesives can be incorporated into the surface layer of the enamel. Orthodontists may apply orthodontic adhesives, such as the Fuji Ortho SC, to reduce the occurrence of caries during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Propaedeutics and Prophylaxis, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Leopold
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szepietowska
keywords: Biomaterials science; Decalcification; Fixed appliances; Orthodontics