title: Determination of substance overdose in two Iranian centers: comparison between opioids and non-opioids.
abstract: Recently, new trend toward non-opioid substances is observed in Iran. This is, therefore, to compare overdose of opioids and non-opioids origin. We performed this investigation to provide more detailed information so that preventive actions are taken in future. Over 18 month, 1876 individuals with opioid (opium, heroin, compact-heroin, buprenorphine and opiates) or non-opioid (MDMA (ecstasy), LSD, hashish and cocaine) overdose were selected. They have been compared regarding sex, age, reason of overdose, method of substance use, occupation, marital status, history of addiction in parents/siblings, duration of hospital admission and educational level. There were 1782 and 94 persons with opioid and non-opioid, respectively. Inhalation was the method of choice and women were found to have more tendencies to hallucinogens rather opioids. Moreover, use of non-opioids was observed more in individuals with university education and moreover in whom none of whose parents/siblings was addict. Policies should be planned by the governments to prevent further addictions especially to non-opioids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13185-1678, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fakhreddin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Taghaddosinejad
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arefi
authors.forename: Amir Farshid
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Fayaz
authors.forename: Roozbeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanhaeivash
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009294:Narcotics