title: Diabetes prevention and the role of risk factor reduction in the Medicare population.
abstract: Medicare is keenly aware of the secular changes in weight gain and of the nearly parallel increases in both the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes throughout the U.S. population. The Medicare population, however, differs from the population at large because of its advanced age and frequency of comorbid conditions and/or disability. These factors affect life span as well as participation in and potential benefit from lifestyle modification and risk-factor reduction activities. Further, macrovascular disease is the greatest burden for older beneficiaries with diabetes, and its risks may antedate the appearance of hyperglycemia. Both diabetes prevention and treatment must be considered in this context. Medicare benefits focus on reduction of cardiovascular risk and mitigation of more temporally immediate complications of weight gain and glucose elevation. These preventive services and interventions are described.
authors.affiliation: Coverage and Analysis Group, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Woodlawn, Maryland 21244, USA. Elizabeth.Koller@cms.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Conway
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015430:Weight Gain