title: Chairside quantitative immunochromatographic evaluation of salivary cotinine and its correlation with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cigarette smoking is an established and modifiable risk factor for periodontitis. Periodontitis appears to be dose-dependent on smoking. The purpose of this study was to assess a reliable marker of tobacco smoke exposure (salivary cotinine) chairside and to confirm the quantitative association between smoking and chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Saliva samples from 80 males, aged 30-60 years, with chronic periodontitis, were evaluated chairside using NicAlert™ cotinine test strips (NCTS). Patients were divided into two groups: A (cotinine negative) and B (cotinine positive). Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession (GR) were compared between the two groups and among the subjects of group B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison showed that the severity of PPD (P<0.001), CAL (P<0.001), and GR (P<0.001) was more in group B than in group A. Severity of all periodontal parameters increased with increased salivary cotinine among the subjects in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative direct association can be established between salivary cotinine and the severity of periodontitis. Immunochromatography-based cotinine test strips are a relatively easy method for quantification of salivary cotinine chairside. Immediate and personalized feedback from a chairside test can improve compliance, quit rates, and ease reinforcing smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, St. Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Chamarthi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Surya
authors.forename: Devulapally Narasimha
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Swamy
authors.forename: Swarna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakrapani
authors.forename: Surapaneni Sunil
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Cotinine; immune assay; periodontitis; saliva