title: Association of soluble Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) with central adiposity and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), in addition to having a prognostic value in patients with cardiovascular disease, seems to interact with adiposity, insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors. However, the results of previous clinical studies, focused on the association of TRAIL with selected metabolic or anthropometric indices were inconclusive. The aim of this study was to further investigate how soluble TRAIL concentrations independently correlate with major cardiovascular risk factors, including lipid, glycemic and anthropometric features.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the associations between serum soluble TRAIL concentrations, measured by ELISA, and lipid, glycemic and anthropometric features in 199 subjects recruited at our Metabolic Outpatient Clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soluble TRAIL concentrations had a significant and direct correlation with total cholesterol (p = 0.046), LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.032), triglycerides (p = 0.01), body mass index (p = 0.046), waist circumference (p = 0.008), fat mass (p = 0.056) and insulin (p = 0.046) and an inverse correlation with HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.02). In multivariable regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders (age, gender, C-reactive protein, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, and insulin), TRAIL levels continued to have an independent correlation with LDL-cholesterol and waist circumference (r(2) = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum TRAIL levels were weakly but significantly and independently associated with waist circumference, a marker of visceral adiposity, and with LDL-cholesterol. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological basis of these relationships.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Clinical Nutrition, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brombo
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Volpato
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Secchiero
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Passaro
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zuliani
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zauli
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand