title: Sitting time in Germany: an analysis of socio-demographic and environmental correlates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sedentary behaviour in general and sitting time in particular is an emerging global health concern. The aim of this study was to provide data on the prevalence of sitting time in German adults and to examine socio-demographic and environmental correlates of sitting time.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of German adults (n = 2000; 967 men, 1033 women; 49.3 ±17.6 years of age) filled in the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, including one question on overall sitting time and answered questions about the neighbourhood environment, as well as concerning demographics. Daily sitting time was stratified by gender, age group, BMI, educational and income level, as well as physical activity (PA). To identify socio-demographic and environmental correlates of sitting time, we used a series of linear regressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall median was 5 hours (299 minutes) of sitting time/day and men sat longer than women (5 vs. 4 hours/day; p < 0.05). In both genders age and PA were negatively and the educational level positively associated with sitting time. The level of income was not a correlate of sitting time in multivariate analyses. Sitting time was significantly positively associated with higher neighbourhood safety for women. The variance of the multivariate model ranged from 16.5% for men to 8.9% for women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall sitting time was unequally distributed in the German adult population. Our findings suggest implementing specific interventions to reduce sitting time for subgroups such as men, younger aged adults and adults with a higher education and lower PA. Future studies should enhance our understanding of the specific correlates of different types and domains of sitting in order to guide the development of effective public health strategies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sports University, Köln, D-50933, Germany. wallmann@dshs-koeln.de
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wallmann-Sperlich
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bucksch
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schantz
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Froboese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors