title: Laparoscopic enucleation of macronodules in a patient with ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia 7 years after unilateral adrenalectomy: consideration of operative procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the technical feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic enucleation of adrenal macronodules in a patient with ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 41-year-old female manifested Cushing's syndrome due to AIMAH in 1999 and underwent a right unilateral adrenalectomy in 2002. Although the patient's symptoms improved postoperatively, in 2005 they began to get worse as her urinary cortisol excretion increased. Computed tomography in 2008 showed four macronodules in the left adrenal gland, and we performed a laparoscopic enucleation of four adrenal nodules in hopes of avoiding the need for lifelong steroid replacement. In the operation we paid special attention to avoiding injuring major adrenal vessels. Nontumorous adrenal tissue was dissected just near the surfaces of the nodules by using a sealing system. The residual adrenal gland was at most left undissected from the surrounding tissues in order to preserve blood supply and preserve small drainage veins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operation could be performed with minimal blood loss. Plasma cortisol became measurable 22 months after the enucleation and returned to normal level 29 months after the enucleation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The laparoscopic enucleation of hyperplastic nodules is technically feasible and a treatment of choice for AIMAH patients who already underwent unilateral adrenalectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan. itok@ndmc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshii
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinmoto
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanbara
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumitomo
authors.forename: Tatsumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D010535:Laparoscopy; D012086:Reoperation; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006854:Hydrocortisone