title: An elevated maternal serum C-reactive protein in the context of intra-amniotic inflammation is an indicator that the development of amnionitis, an intense fetal and AF inflammatory response are likely in patients with preterm labor: clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We propose that an elevated maternal serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in the context of intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) is a predictor for amnionitis development, known to be the most advanced stage of maternal inflammatory response during the progression of acute histologic chorioamnionitis in preterm gestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study population consisted of 53 singleton gestations with IAI, who underwent amniocentesis due to preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL) and delivered preterm-neonates (<34.5 weeks) within 5 days of amniocentesis. The frequency of amnionitis and the intensity of fetal and amniotic fluid (AF) inflammatory response were examined according to the presence or absence of an elevated maternal serum CRP (≥0.7 mg/dL) at the time of amniocentesis. IAI was defined as an elevated AF matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) (≥23 ng/mL), and fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) defined as an elevated umbilical cord plasma CRP (≥200 ng/mL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Patients (73.6%, 39/53) with an elevated maternal serum CRP had a significantly higher rate of amnionitis (59.0% versus 7.1%; p < 0.005), but not funisitis (46.2% versus 28.6%; p > 0.05), and higher median AF MMP-8 and umbilical cord plasma CRP concentration at birth than patients (26.4%,14/53) without that (AF MMP-8 (ng/mL): 373.1 versus 138.6: p = 0.05; umbilical cord plasma CRP (ng/mL): 363.4 versus 15.5: p < 0.05); (2) Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that an elevated maternal serum CRP was a better independent predictor of amnionitis (odds ratio (OR), 12.5: 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-141.0; p < 0.05) than FIRS (OR, 3.6: 95% CI, 0.6-20.2; p = 0.150) and any other AF tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An elevated maternal serum CRP concentration in the context of IAI is an indicator that the development of amnionitis, an intense fetal and AF inflammatory response are likely in patients with PTL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. hwpark0803@gmail.com
authors.forename: Chan-Wook
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bo Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Joong Shin
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong Kwan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein