title: The Singapore Heart Failure Outcomes and Phenotypes (SHOP) study and Prospective Evaluation of Outcome in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (PEOPLE) study: rationale and design.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (EF) accounts for a substantial proportion of cases of HF, and to date no treatments have clearly improved outcome. There are also little data comparing HF cohorts of differing ethnicity within the Asia-Pacific region.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Singapore Heart Failure Outcomes and Phenotypes (SHOP) study and Prospective Evaluation of Outcome in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (PEOPLE) study are parallel prospective studies using identical protocols to enroll patients with HF across 6 centers in Singapore and 4 in New Zealand. The objectives are to determine the relative prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of patients with HF and preserved EF (EF ≥50%) compared with those with HF and reduced EF, and to determine initial data on ethnic differences within and between New Zealand and Singapore. Case subjects (n = 2,500) are patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of HF or attending outpatient clinics for management of HF within 6 months of HF decompensation. Control subjects are age- and gender-matched community-based adults without HF from Singapore (n = 1,250) and New Zealand (n = 1,073). All participants undergo detailed clinical assessment, echocardiography, and blood biomarker measurements at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months, and are followed over 2 years for death or hospitalization. Substudies include vascular assessment, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, retinal imaging, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SHOP and PEOPLE studies are the first prospective multicenter studies defining the epidemiology and interethnic differences among patients with HF in the Asia-Oceanic region, and will provide unique insights into the pathophysiology and outcomes for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Rajalakshmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santhanakrishnan
authors.forename: Tze P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Vicky A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Greg D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Lieng H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Gerard Kui Toh
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Poh Shuan Daniel
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Hean Yee
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Fazlur
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jaufeerally
authors.forename: Raymond Ching-Chiew
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Adrian F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: Mayanna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Devlin
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Troughton
authors.forename: A Mark
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Doughty
authors.forename: Carolyn S P
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000208:ethnology; D010641:Phenotype; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012846:Singapore / Q000208:ethnology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome