title: Intra-ethnic disparities in respiratory health problems among Hispanic residents impacted by a flood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective of this article is to assess the respiratory health impacts of a flood disaster on Hispanic people residing in the United States, with a focus on intra-ethnic disparities related to age, sex, socioeconomic status, mold exposure, family conflict, English-language proficiency, and a lack of US citizenship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in 2010 after a flood disaster (2006) in El Paso County (Texas), which has a Hispanic majority population. A mail-out population-based survey was used retrospectively to assess respiratory health impacts for 363 people residing in 176 self-identified Hispanic households impacted by the flood; logistic regression was utilized to assess intra-ethnic health disparities in flood impacts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 41% of individuals experienced one or more post-flood respiratory health problem. Lower income (OR = 0.532,p = .002), mold exposure (OR = 2.267, p < .001), increased family conflict (OR = 1.452, p = .025), English-language proficiency (OR = 4.023, p < .001) and a lack of US citizenship (OR = 13.111, p = .013) were significantly associated with higher odds of respiratory health problems in the regression model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistical findings provide evidence of intra-ethnic disparities in post-flood respiratory health status. Specifically within this Hispanic sample, individuals with lower household incomes, whose homes were covered by larger surface areas of mold, and whose families were characterized by increased tension experienced higher odds of post-flood respiratory health problems. Interestingly, greater English-language proficiency and lacking US citizenship were also risk factors. Given that this is one of the first studies of intra-Hispanic disparities in health following a US-based disaster, the findings underscore the importance of considering diversity within the US Hispanic population when studying environmental and post-disaster respiratory health.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Student in Sociology, Department of Sociology, The University of Minnesota, MN 55455, USA. jimen033@umn.edu
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Grineski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D055868:Floods; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000208:ethnology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies