title: Irreversible electroporation ablation of the liver can be detected with ultrasound B-mode and elastography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel ablation technique that induces permanent membrane permeability and cell death. We are interested in ultrasound B-mode and elastography to monitor IRE ablation in the liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Yorkshire pigs underwent IRE ablation of the liver and were imaged with ultrasound B-mode and elastography. Histologic evaluation of cell death by triphenyltetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elastography showed that liver ablated by IRE exhibited increased tissue stiffness with a peak strain ratio of 2.22. The IRE lesion had a discrete border without bubble artifact, and the lesion size significantly correlated with area of cell death on histology. IRE ablation was unaffected by presence of large blood vessels or bile ducts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IRE ablation led to increased tissue stiffness that was detectable by elastography and indicative of cell death. Elastography may complement B-mode ultrasonography to monitor IRE ablation of the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Joyce T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: T Peter
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kingham
authors.forename: Kyonghwa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Sepideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gholami
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mojica
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monette
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ezell
authors.forename: Yuman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D053672:Electrochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D023421:Models, Animal; D034421:Sus scrofa