title: Association between adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels at eight to fourteen weeks gestation and maternal glucose tolerance: the Parity, Inflammation, and Diabetes Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation may influence gestational hyperglycemia, but to date, the data from observational studies is largely limited to results from the third trimester of pregnancy. Our objective was to evaluate first trimester adipocytokine levels. We sought to determine whether first trimester adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-alpha concentrations were independently associated and predictive of maternal glucose tolerance, as measured by the 1-hour glucose challenge test (GCT), after adjustment for maternal lifestyle behaviors and body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of pregnant women (n=211) enrolled in the Parity, Inflammation, and Diabetes Study. Nonfasting serum levels of adiponectin and TNF-r2 were measured at 8-14 weeks of pregnancy. GCT results were abstracted from electronic prenatal records. Multiple linear regression models were developed to determine the association of adiponectin and TNF-r2 levels with response to the GCT, adjusting for demographics, pregravid dietary intake and physical activity, first trimester BMI, and gestational weight gain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, higher adiponectin concentrations were inversely and statistically significantly associated with maternal response to the GCT [regression coefficient (β) -0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.29, -0.06). Adjustment for lifestyle factors did not alter the association of adiponectin with the GCT (β -0.74; 95% CI: -1.43, -0.05). After adjustment for first trimester BMI, the association of adiponectin was attenuated and no longer significant (β -0.46; 95% CI: -1.15, 0.24). TNF-r2 levels were not associated with the GCT (β -0.003; 95% CI: -0.011, 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First trimester adiponectin levels are not predictive of the 1-hour GCT response, but may be a marker for the effect of maternal BMI on glucose response to the GCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. wanda_nicholson@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Nae Yuh
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kesha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baptiste-Roberts
authors.forename: Yi-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Powe
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha