title: Pharmacotherapy: Optimal blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
abstract: Inhibition of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a successful therapy for hypertension, heart failure, and renal insufficiency. Overdosing of RAAS inhibitors is occasionally observed when several agents are used together, and can cause adverse events such as hypotension, hyperkalaemia, and renal failure. We advocate optimal, rather than complete, RAAS blockade.
authors.affiliation: Division of Angiology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), NES-6027, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jürg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nussberger
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bohlender
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D012083:Renin / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D012083:Renin; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors