title: Surveillance of diversion and nonmedical use of extended-release prescription amphetamine and oral methylphenidate in the United States.
abstract: This article examines rates of nonmedical use and diversion of extended-release amphetamine and extended-release oral methylphenidate in the United States. Prescription dispensing data were sourced from retail pharmacies. Nonmedical use data were collected from the Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS) System Drug Diversion Program and Poison Center Program. Drug diversion trends nearly overlapped for extended-release amphetamine and extended-release oral methylphenidate. Calls to poison centers were generally similar; however, calls regarding extended-release amphetamine trended slightly lower than those for extended-release oral methylphenidate. Data suggest similar diversion and poison center call rates for extended-release amphetamine and extended-release oral methylphenidate.
authors.affiliation: Pinney Associates, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. msembower@pinneyassociates.com
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sembower
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ertischek
authors.forename: Chloe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buchholtz
authors.forename: Nabarun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.forename: Sidney H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Schnoll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008774:Methylphenidate; D000661:Amphetamine