title: A distinct reactive oxygen species profile confers chemoresistance in glioma-propagating cells and associates with patient survival outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explore the role of an elevated O2(-):H2O2 ratio as a prosurvival signal in glioma-propagating cells (GPCs). We hypothesize that depleting this ratio sensitizes GPCs to apoptotic triggers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that an elevated O2(-):H2O2 ratio conferred enhanced resistance in GPCs, and depletion of this ratio by pharmacological and genetic methods sensitized cells to apoptotic triggers. We established the reactive oxygen species (ROS) Index as a quantitative measure of a normalized O2(-):H2O2 ratio and determined its utility in predicting chemosensitivity. Importantly, mice implanted with GPCs of a reduced ROS Index demonstrated extended survival. Analysis of tumor sections revealed effective targeting of complementarity determinant 133 (CD133)- and nestin-expressing neural precursors. Further, we established the Connectivity Map to interrogate a gene signature derived from a varied ROS Index for the patterns of association with individual patient gene expression in four clinical databases. We showed that patients with a reduced ROS Index demonstrate better survival. These data provide clinical evidence for the viability of our O2(-):H2O2-mediated chemosensitivity profiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gliomas are notoriously recurrent and highly infiltrative, and have been shown to arise from stem-like cells. We implicate an elevated O2(-):H2O2 ratio as a prosurvival signal in GPC self-renewal and proliferation. The ROS Index provides quantification of O2(-):H2O2-mediated chemosensitivity, an advancement in a previously qualitative field. Intriguingly, glioma patients with a reduced ROS Index correlate with longer survival and the Proneural molecular classification, a feature frequently associated with tumors of better prognosis. These data emphasize the feasibility of manipulating the O2(-):H2O2 ratio as a therapeutic strategy.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute , Singapore, Singapore .
authors.forename: Lynnette Wei-Hsien
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Geraldene Rong-Hui
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Felicia Soo-Lee
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Tan Boon
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Toh
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sandanaraj
authors.forename: Yuk Kien
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phong
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tucker-Kellogg
authors.forename: Oi Lian
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Kon
authors.forename: Wai Hoe
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Ivan Hua-Bak
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Marie-Veronique
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: Shazib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pervaiz
authors.forename: Beng Ti
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Carol Soo-Leng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010100:Oxygen