title: Behavioural avoidance and enhanced dispersal in neonicotinoid-resistant Myzus persicae (Sulzer).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The peach potato aphid Myzus persicae is a major agricultural pest capable of transmitting over 100 plant viruses to a wide range of crops. Control relies largely upon treatment with neonicotinoid insecticides such as thiamethoxam (TMX). In 2009, a strain denoted FRC, which exhibits between 255- and 1679-fold resistance to current neonicotinoids previously linked to metabolic and target site resistance, was discovered in France. Dispersal behaviour may potentially further enhance the resistance of this strain. This study investigated this possibility and is the first to compare the dispersal behaviour of aphid clones of the same species with differing levels of neonicotinoid resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing the dispersal behaviour of the FRC strain with that of a clone of lower neonicotinoid resistance (5191A), and a susceptible clone (US1L) highlighted several differences. Most importantly, the FRC strain exhibited an increased ability to locate untreated areas when presented with an environment consisting of both TMX-treated and untreated plant tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The altered dispersal behaviour of the FRC may partially account for the high level of neonicotinoid resistance exhibited by this strain in the field. Since the dispersal of aphid vectors is key to the transmission of viruses across crop fields this has implications for current crop protection practice.
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fray
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Leather
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: Eddie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McIndoe
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lind
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004351:Drug Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009574:Nitro Compounds
keywords: Myzus persicae; behaviour; dispersal; neonicotinoid; resistance; thiamethoxam