title: Focused approach to ectopic mediastinal parathyroid surgery assisted by radio-guided navigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical removal of a mediastinal ectopic parathyroid is always challenging. We attempted to apply intraoperative radio-guided navigation for the minimally invasive focused removal of ectopic hyperparathyroid lesions in the mediastinum, and evaluated its significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five cases with ectopic mediastinal hyperfunctioning parathyroid were treated by intraoperative radio-guided navigation surgery. MIBI (methoxyisobutylisonitrile)-SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) was used to plan the surgical approach. (99m)Tc-MIBI (11.1 MBq/kg) was administered 2 h before surgery, and a handheld gamma probe was used intraoperatively to detect radioactivity in the lesion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two lesions found on the aortic arch were excised by left thoracoscopic resection. Two other lesions on the tracheal bifurcation were approached by right thoracotomy. We could remove two hidden adenomas by en bloc resection with the adjacent lymph nodes under radio-guidance. Another lesion, located at the ligamentum arteriosum, was excised with sternal division. Accumulations of radioactivity were identified in all lesions removed, with decreased radioactivity in the surgical field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative radio-guided navigation is a useful tool for the focused removal of an ectopic mediastinal parathyroid by providing instant feedback to help guide the surgeon, while also providing precise localization of lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan, nonoda@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naoyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onoda
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Noritoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002828:Choristoma / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008477:Mediastinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010280:Parathyroid Glands; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi