title: Identification of Glossina palpalis gambiensis specific salivary antigens: towards the development of a serologic biomarker of human exposure to tsetse flies in West Africa.
abstract: The saliva of blood sucking arthropods contains a number of pharmacologically active compounds that induce an antibody response in exposed human individuals. The objectives of the present study were (i) to assess the human IgG response directed against salivary antigens of Glossina palpalis gambiensis, the main vector of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in West Africa, as a biomarker of human-tsetse contacts; and (ii) to identify specific salivary antigens. Immune reactivity of human plasma collected within active human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) foci (coastal Guinea), historical foci where tsetse flies are still present (South-West Burkina Faso) and a tsetse free area (Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso), was measured by ELISA against whole saliva extracts. In the active HAT foci and areas where tsetse flies were present in high densities, specific IgG responses were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) to those in Bobo-Dioulasso or in Loropeni, where tsetse flies were either absent or only present at low densities. Furthermore, 2D-electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry enabled to reveal that several antigens were specifically recognized by plasma from exposed individuals. Among them, four salivary proteins were successfully identified (Ada, 5'Nuc, Ag5 and Tsgf1). These results represent a first attempt to identify Glossina salivary proteins or synthetic peptides to develop a standardized and specific biomarker of tsetse exposure in West Africa.
authors.affiliation: Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide CIRDES, 01 BP 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dama
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cornelie
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bienvenu Somda
authors.forename: Mamadou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camara
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kambire
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Courtin
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jamonneau
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demettre
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seveno
authors.forename: Zakaria
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bengaly
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poinsignon
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Remoue
authors.forename: Adrien Marie Gaston
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Belem
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bucheton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002050:Burkina Faso; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004199:Disease Vectors; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016701:Guinea; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000737:chemistry; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D019476:Insect Proteins; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides