title: A diagnostic conundrum: acute interstitial nephritis due to armodafinil versus acute cellular rejection in a renal transplant recipient--a case report.
abstract: Acute interstitial nephritis is a well-recognized cause of acute kidney injury in native kidneys. While the most common etiology being drug-induced, other causes are infectious, autoimmune, and idiopathic forms of disease. Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis is not only uncommon in renal transplant recipients but is difficult to diagnose as it mimics acute cellular rejection histologically. We have described herein a renal transplant recipient with acute kidney injury to highlight the difficulties to distinguish acute interstitial nephritis from acute cellular rejection.
authors.affiliation: Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA. Krishnamb@hotmail.com
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Baradhi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gohh
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001706:Biopsy; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077408:Modafinil; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D000077408:Modafinil