title: PARP expression in germ cell tumours.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent a new class of promising drugs in anticancer therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate PARP expression in testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) and to correlate expression patterns with clinicopathological variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this translational study, tumour specimens from 124 patients with GCTs (114 patients with testicular primary tumours and 10 with extragonadal GCTs) were identified. PARP expression was detected by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies, scored by the multiplicative quickscore (QS) method and compared to PARP expression in normal testicular tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed higher expression of PARP in testicular tumours compared to normal testicular tissue (mean QS=10.04 vs 3.31, p<0.0000001). Mean QS±SD for each histological subtype was as follows: intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified (IGCNU)=18.00±0.00, embryonal carcinoma=9.62±5.64, seminoma=9.74±6.51, yolk sac tumour=7.8±7.20, teratoma=5.87±5.34, and choriocarcinoma=4.50±8.33. The PARP overexpression (QS>9) was most often detected in IGCNU (100% of specimen with PARP overexpression), seminona (52.6%), embryonal carcinoma (47.0%), yolk sac tumour (33.3%), teratoma (26.7%) and choriocarcinoma (25.0%), compared to 1.9% of normal testicular tissue specimens. There was no association between PARP expression and clinical variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this pilot study, we showed for the first time, that PARP is overexpressed in testicular germ cell tumours compared to normal testis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. misomego@gmail.com
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mego
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cierna
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Svetlovska
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Macak
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Machalekova
authors.forename: Viera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Miskovska
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chovanec
authors.forename: Vanda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Usakova
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Obertova
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Babal
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mardiak
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D018240:Endodermal Sinus Tumor / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018239:Seminoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D018154:Slovakia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
keywords: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; ONCOLOGY; TESTIS