title: Risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma among individuals born preterm or small for gestational age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastroesophageal reflux is a main risk factor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Infants born preterm or small for gestational age (SGA) regurgitate more than infants born at term, and some data support the hypothesis of an association with oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus and EAC. This study aimed to assess the association between risk of EAC and preterm or SGA birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this population-based case-control study, all incident cases of EAC in Sweden between 1st January 1998 and 31st December 2004 with retrievable birth records were eligible as cases. We sampled three matched controls per case from the birth ledger at the same delivery ward as the respective case. Data on gestational age, birth weight and other perinatal exposures were extracted from the original birth records. For comparison, we collected perinatal data for cases of cardia adenocarcinoma and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of EAC increased by 13% per week of shorter duration of gestation (OR 1.1, 95%CI 1.0-1.3), while SGA did not influence the risk. No effect of preterm birth or SGA was found on the risk of cardia adenocarcinoma or oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preterm birth, but not SGA, might lead to an increased risk of EAC as an adult.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forssell
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Lina.Forssell@ki.se.
authors.forename: Forssell
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lina
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cnattingius
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Cnattingius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sven
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bottai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bottai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matteo
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Edstedt Bonamy
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Edstedt Bonamy
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Anna-Karin
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lagergren
authors.affiliation: Unit of Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lagergren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jesper
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Agréus
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Agréus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lars
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akre
authors.forename: Akre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olof
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology