title: Hypoxia enhances stemness of cancer stem cells in glioblastoma: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between hypoxia and in vitro "stemness" of cancer stem cells (CSCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  U87 cells, U251 cells and primary glioma cells (n=3) experienced hypoxia. Transmission electron microscopy was done to detect the ultrastructure of these cancer cells; MTT assay to detect the cell growth; flow cytometry to detect cell cycle and CD133 expression; Transwell chamber assay was carried out to detect the cell migration; colony-forming assay to detect the colony-forming efficiency; real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were carried out to detect the mRNA and protein expression of markers of stem cells and their differentiation, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypoxia maintained the undifferentiated state of primary glioma cells, slowed down the growth of glioma cells which were in a relatively quiescent stage, increased the colony forming efficiency and migration of glioma cells, and elevated the expression of markers of stem cells, but the expression of markers for stem cell differentiation was reduced after hypoxia treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoxia may induce the "dedifferentiation" of differentiated glioma cells which then acquire the stemness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lunshan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hualiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D054337:Cell Dedifferentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010455:Peptides
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D006023:Glycoproteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cancer stem cell; Gioblastoma; Hypoxia; Invasiveness.; Stemness