title: Immediate post-craniotomy headache.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Headache is the most common adverse event immediately following craniotomy and is due to the surgical procedure and meningeal irritation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of headache during the first week after a craniotomy, as well as headache intensity, whether pain was registered in the patient's medical records, the use of analgesics and predictors of headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one patients who underwent craniotomy were evaluated from the first to the seventh post-operative day. The variables analysed were gender, age, medical history, indication for craniotomy, surgery, occurrence of headache, pain registration in the medical records, length of hospital stay and analgesics consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the second post-operative day, 29.2% of patients had a headache and there was under-reporting of this pain in the patients' records. The analgesics used were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in 75% of cases. An age of <45 years (odds ratio = 3.0, P  = 0.041) and surgery duration lasting >4 hours (odds ratio = 3.7, P  = 0.019) were associated with the occurrence of immediate post-craniotomy headache.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further training should be provided to professionals caring for patients undergoing craniotomy to better manage post-operative headache.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju-SE, Brazil. enffer2@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Maria do Carmo
authors.initials: Mdo C
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Ribeiro
authors.forename: Carlos U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Ana Mc
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sallum
authors.forename: Paulo Ricardo S
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Martins-Filho
authors.forename: Josimari M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Desantana
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: da Silva Nunes
authors.forename: Edilene C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hora
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Craniotomy; headache; pain