title: Two-layer model of coronary artery vasoactivity.
abstract: Since vascular tone is regulated by smooth muscle cells in the media layer, a multilayer mechanical model is required for blood vessels. Here, we performed biaxial mechanical tests in the intima-media layer of right coronary artery to determine the passive and active properties in conjunction with the passive properties of adventitia for a full vessel wall model. A two-layer (intima-media and adventitia) model was developed to determine the transmural stress and stretch across the vessel wall. The mean ± SE values of the outer diameters of intima-media layers at transmural pressure of 60 mmHg in active state were 3.17 ± 0.16 and 3.07 ± 0.18 mm at axial stretch ratio of 1.2 and 1.3, respectively, which were significantly smaller than those in passive state (i.e., 3.62 ± 0.19 and 3.49 ± 0.22 mm, respectively, P < 0.05). The inner and outer diameters in no-load state of intima-media layers were 1.17 ± 0.09 and 2.08 ± 0.09 mm, respectively. The opening angles in zero-stress state had values of 159 ± 21° for intima-media layers and 98 ± 15° for adventitia layers, which suggests a residual strain between the two layers. There were slightly decreased active circumferential stresses (<10%), but significantly decreased active axial stresses (>25%) in the intima-media layer compared with those in the intact vessel. This suggests that the adventitia layer affects vascular contraction. The two-layer analysis showed that the intima-media layer bears the majority of circumferential tensions, in contrast to the adventitia layer, while contraction results in decreased stress and stretch in both layers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yana
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ghassan S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kassab
mesh_terms: D063194:Adventitia / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000502:physiology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: constitutive stress-strain relation; contraction; vessel mechanics