title: Exposure to smoking in movies and smoking initiation among black youth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Black adolescents see more substance use in mainstream media but seem less responsive to it than other U.S. adolescents. Black-oriented media may be more personally relevant to them.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine smoking exposure separately for black-oriented (BSME) and mainstream (MMSE) movies and assess their longitudinal relationships with smoking among black and other-race adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-wave (2007-2009) national cohort survey of 2341 nonsmoking (at baseline) U.S. adolescents (aged 13-19 years), analyzed in 2012. The surveys determined BMSE and MMSE based on respondents' exposure to random subsets of 50 movies from a contemporary sample of 95 black-oriented and 288 mainstream movies previously content-coded for smoking. Outcome was smoking initiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Black teens had significantly more BMSE and MMSE than other teens (p's <0.001). At follow-up, 23.5% of black and 29.0% of nonblack respondents had tried smoking. Among black respondents, BMSE was related to smoking initiation at follow-up but MMSE was not. For other adolescents, both BMSE and MMSE were related to smoking initiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A prospective relationship was found between exposure to smoking in movies and smoking initiation. Among black adolescents in the U.S., this was only for black-oriented movies, suggesting the importance of personal relevance of the exposures. Parents, practitioners, and producers should be aware of these potential influences of media on black teen viewers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Studies and Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: sdalcin@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dal Cin
authors.affiliation: College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoolmiller
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sargent
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017668:Age of Onset; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009040:Motion Pictures / Q000145:classification; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult