title: Insulin delivery through nasal route using thiolated microspheres.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of developed thiolated microspheres for insulin delivery through nasal route. In the present study, cysteine was immobilized on carbopol using EDAC. A total of 269.93 µmol free thiol groups per gram polymer were determined. The prepared nonthiolated and thiolated microspheres were studied for particle shape, size, drug content, swellability, mucoadhesion and in vitro insulin release. The thiolated microspheres exhibited higher mucoadhesion due to formation of covalent bonds via disulfide bridges with the mucus gel layer. Drug permeation through goat nasal mucosa of nonthiolated and thiolated microspheres were found as 52.62 ± 2.4% and 78.85 ± 3.1% in 6 h, respectively. Thiolated microspheres bearing insulin showed better reduction in blood glucose level (BGL) in comparison to nonthiolated microspheres as 31.23 ± 2.12% and 75.25 ± 0.93% blood glucose of initial BGL were observed at 6 h after nasal delivery of thiolated and nonthiolated microspheres in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rabbits.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P. , India.
authors.forename: Tarang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nema
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Aviral
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shilpi
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulbake
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hurkat
authors.forename: Sanjay K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D010316:Particle Size; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D007328:Insulin; D011145:Polyvinyls; C006912:carboxypolymethylene; D003545:Cysteine