title: Occurrence and distribution of antifouling biocide Irgarol-1051 in coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia.
abstract: Emerging booster biocides contamination raises particular attention in the marine ecosystem health. This study provides the baseline data on the occurrence of Irgarol-1051 (2-methylthio-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamiono-s-triazine) in the selected coastal water around Malaysia. The maximum detected concentration of Irgarol was 2021 ng/L at Klang West, commercial and cargo port. Coral reef Islands (Redang and Bidong) were relatively less contaminated compared to other coastal areas. The temporal variation revealed that only 1% of 28 stations sampled on November, 2011 was above the environmental risk limit of 24 ng/L as suggested by Dutch Authorities, while in January and April, 2012; 46% and 92% of the stations were above the limit respectively. The present findings demonstrate the wide detection of novel antifouling materials Irgarol-1051 which advocates the need for proper monitoring and conservation strategies for the coastal resources.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography and Environment, University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. hassanrashidali@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hassan Rashid
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Marinah Mohd
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Arifin
authors.forename: Mohammed Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Noor Azhar
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Mohamed Shazili
authors.forename: Zainudin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bachok
mesh_terms: D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008296:Malaysia; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C103341:irgarol 1051