title: The 50th anniversary of gene therapy: beginnings and present realities.
abstract: Applying my experience in microbial genetics, especially in the genetic transformation/transduction of Bacilus subtilis bacteria, I decided around 1956 to develop a similar system for eukaryotic, especially human cell cultures. I believed it would permit the development of clinical applications for replacing defective genes to treat or cure some of the genetic diseases.
authors.forename: Waclaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Szybalski
mesh_terms: D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D005827:Genetics, Microbial; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D006825:Hybridomas; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D007926:Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D010330:Patents as Topic
chemical_list: D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase