title: Use of a computer-controlled motion phantom to investigate the temporal and spatial fidelity of HYPR processing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this work, we investigate the spatial and temporal fidelity of highly constrained backPRojection (HYPR) processing using a computer-controlled motion phantom. The goal of this experimental set-up was to provide not only well-defined temporal dynamics and spatial characteristics of the motion phantom, but also circumstances that imitate in vivo scenarios.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phantom was designed to represent an artery flanked on both sides by vein. Both arterial and venous components have different temporal dynamics but are confluent, which corresponds to a difficult scenario for HYPR. Spatial and temporal fidelity was investigated by measuring signal intensity profiles through the phantom both orthogonal to as well as along the direction of motion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spatial fidelity profiles measured from the HYPR processed images yielded full-width-at-half-maximum values very similar to those measured in non-HYPR-processed images. Furthermore, there was no significant spreading of the motion phantom leading edge in HYPR processed images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although HYPR processing has certain characteristic artifacts that are discussed, the technique can be used to improve image quality of highly undersampled time frame images with minimal loss of spatial or temporal fidelity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brittain
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Korosec
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009038:Motion; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis