title: Strategies for improving family engagement during family-centered rounds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Family-centered rounds (FCR) are recommended as standard practice in the pediatric inpatient setting; however, limited data exist on best practices promoting family engagement during rounds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify strategies to enhance family engagement during FCR using a recognized systems engineering approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this qualitative study, stimulated recall interviews using video-recorded rounding sessions were conducted with participants representing the various stakeholders on rounds (15 parents/children and 22 healthcare team [HCT] members) from 4 inpatient services at a children's hospital in Wisconsin. On video review, participants were asked to provide strategies that would increase family engagement on FCR. Qualitative content analysis of interview transcripts was performed in an iterative process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 21 categories of strategies corresponding to 2 themes related to the structure and process of FCR. Strategies related to the structure of FCR were associated with all five recognized work system elements: people (HCT composition), tasks (HCT roles), organization (scheduling of rounds and HCT training), environment (location of rounds and HCT positioning), and tools and technologies (computer use). Strategies related to the FCR process were associated with three rounding phases: before (HCT and family preparation), during (eg, introductions, presentation content, communication style), and after (follow-up) FCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified a range of strategies to enhance family engagement during FCR. These strategies both confirm prior work on the importance of the content and style of communication on rounds and highlight other factors within the hospital work system, like scheduling and computer use, which may affect family engagement in care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. mkelly@pediatrics.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Anping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carayon
authors.forename: Lori L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: DuBenske
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ehlenbach
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000592:standards*; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D056164:Teaching Rounds / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*