title: The applications of Vitamin E TPGS in drug delivery.
abstract: D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (simply TPGS or Vitamin E TPGS) is formed by the esterification of Vitamin E succinate with polyethylene glycol 1000. As novel nonionic surfactant, it exhibits amphipathic properties and can form stable micelles in aqueous vehicles at concentration as low as 0.02 wt%. It has been widely investigated for its emulsifying, dispersing, gelling, and solubilizing effects on poorly water-soluble drugs. It can also act as a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor and has been served as an excipient for overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) and for increasing the oral bioavailability of many anticancer drugs. Since TPGS has been approved by FDA as a safe pharmaceutic adjuvant, many TPGS-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed. In this review, we discuss TPGS properties as a P-gp inhibitor, solubilizer/absorption and permeation enhancer in drug delivery and TPGS-related formulations such as nanocrystals, nanosuspensions, tablets/solid dispersions, adjuvant in vaccine systems, nutrition supplement, plasticizer of film, anticancer reagent and so on. This review will greatly impact and bring out new insights in the use of TPGS in DDS.
authors.affiliation: Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Songwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ben Oketch
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Otieno
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D014815:Vitamins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C014225:tocophersolan