title: Determinants of all cause mortality in Poland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study objective was to evaluate quantitatively the relationship between demographic characteristics, socio-economic status and medical care resources with all cause mortality in Poland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ecological study was performed using data for the population of 66 subregions of Poland, obtained from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The information on the determinants of health and all cause mortality covered the period from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2010. Results for the repeated measures were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations GEE model. In the model 16 independent variables describing health determinants were used, including 6 demographic variables, 6 socio-economic variables, 4 medical care variables. The dependent variable, was age standardized all cause mortality rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a large variation in all cause mortality, demographic features, socio-economic characteristics, and medical care resources by subregion. All cause mortality showed weak associations with demographic features, among which only the increased divorce rate was associated with higher mortality rate. Increased education level, salaries, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, local government expenditures per capita and the number of non-governmental organizations per 10 thousand population was associated with decrease in all cause mortality. The increase of unemployment rate was related with a decrease of all cause mortality. Beneficial relationship between employment of medical staff and mortality was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variation in mortality from all causes in Poland was explained partly by variation in socio-economic determinants and health care resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Medical University of Białystok. agenowska@op.pl
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genowska
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jamiołkowski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szpak
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pajak
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D059066:Gross Domestic Product / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011634:Public Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data