title: Comparative effectiveness of inhospital trauma resuscitation at a French trauma center and matched patients treated in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper is to compare mortality outcomes between patients treated at a trauma center in France and matched patients in the United States.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although trauma systems in France and the United States differ significantly in prehospital and inhospital management, previous comparisons have been challenged by the lack of comparable data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coarsened exact matching identified matching patients between a single center trauma database from Lyon, France, and the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) of the United States. Moderate to severely injured [injury severity score (ISS) > 8] adult patients (age ≥ 16) presenting alive to level 1 trauma centers from 2002 to 2005 with blunt or penetrating injuries were included. After matching patients, multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine difference in mortality between patients in Lyon and the NTDB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1043 significantly injured patients were presented to the Lyon center. Matching eligible patients with complete records were sought from 219,985 patients in the NTDB. The unadjusted odds of mortality at the Lyon center was 2.5 times higher than that of the NTDB [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.18-2.98]. However, the Lyon center received patients with higher ISS, lower Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), and lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (all P < 0.001). After 1:1 matching, 858 patient pairs were produced, and the odds of mortality became equivalent [odds ratio (OR) = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.91-1.73]. Similar results were found in multiple subset analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trauma patients admitted to a single French trauma center had an equal chance of survival compared with similarly injured patients treated at US trauma centers.
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgery Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA. ahaider1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Adil H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: Jean-Stephane
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Syed Nabeel
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Gueugniaud
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Efron
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Floccard
authors.forename: Ellen J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Voiglio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000592:standards*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000401:mortality*