title: Racial and ethnic variation in the incidence of small-bowel cancer subtypes in the United States, 1995-2008.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small-bowel cancer is uncommon and, accordingly, little is known about the epidemiology of this malignancy, especially by race and subtype.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this analysis was to describe the distribution of small-bowel cancer in the United States by demographic, pathological, and clinical features.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was retrospective in design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 26 population-based cancer registries in the United States from 1995 to 2008 were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed with small-bowel cancer (topography codes C17.0-17.3 and C17.8-17.9) were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcomes measured were race- and histology-specific incidence (age-adjusted rate trends and age-specific rates) of small-bowel cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 56,223 men and women diagnosed with small-bowel cancer were identified. The overall age-adjusted incidence rates for small-bowel cancer were 26.1 in men and 17.7 in women. Neuroendocrine tumors were the most common histological types of small-bowel cancer in men and women, followed by carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. In comparison with whites, the rate of small-bowel cancer was 42% greater in black men, 46% greater in black women, 34% lower in Asian-Pacific Islander men, and 37% lower in Asian-Pacific Islander women. Rates of small-bowel cancer were 24% lower in Hispanic men and 15% lower in Hispanic women than rates in non-Hispanics. The excess of small-bowel cancer in blacks and the deficit in Asian-Pacific Islanders were attributable mainly to the incidence of adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors. The incidence of GI stromal tumor was significantly higher among Asian-Pacific Islanders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is one of the largest studies of small-bowel cancer to date. These cancer registry data showed substantial racial and ethnic variation in the incidence of histological subtypes of small-bowel malignancy that suggest possible etiologic diversity and/or disparities in detection.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Program, Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA. marc@crch.hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Marc T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Rayna K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: Yurii B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Shvetsov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult