title: Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in India: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic diseases are fast becoming the largest health burden in India. Despite this, their management in India has not been well studied. We aimed to systematically review the nature and efficacy of current management strategies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, IndMED, CENTRAL and CINAHL), journal hand-searches, scanning of reference lists and contact with experts to identify studies for systematic review. We did not review management strategies aimed at chronic diseases more generally, nor management of acute exacerbations. Due to the heterogeneity of reviewed studies, meta-analysis was not appropriate. Thus, narrative methods were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  India.
  
  
  METHODS
  All adult populations resident in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  1. Trialled interventions and outcomes 2. Extent and efficacy of current management strategies 3. Above outcomes by subgroup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found information regarding current management - particularly regarding the implementation of national guidelines and primary prevention - to be minimal. This led to difficulty in interpreting studies of management strategies, which were varied and generally of positive effect. Data regarding current management outcomes were very few.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current understanding of management strategies for COPD in India is limited due to a lack of published data. Determination of the extent of current use of management guidelines, availability and use of treatment, and current primary prevention strategies would be useful. This would also provide evidence on which to interpret existing and future studies of management outcomes and novel interventions.
authors.affiliation: Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London , London , UK.
authors.forename: Ailsa J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pa
authors.forename: Raju Kk
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Azeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majeed
keywords: COPD; chronic disease management