title: Engineering of transcriptional regulators enhances microbial stress tolerance.
abstract: Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have pyramid-shaped hierarchical regulatory networks that control gene transcription, enabling the cell to respond to natural environmental changes. In recent years, manipulation and engineering of transcriptional regulatory proteins and networks have been used to elicit microbial tolerance to industrially relevant stresses. We review the current research on the engineering of regulators that include specific, "middle level", and global regulators, and native, artificial, and exogenous regulators. With an increasing number of transcriptional regulators identified and characterized, this methodology should prove promising for the improvement of microbial stress tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, One Tsinghua Garden Road, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: zhanglinlin@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhanglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Artificial regulator; Global regulator; Regulator engineering; Regulators; Sigma factor; Stress tolerance; Synthetic biology; Zinc finger