title: Drug resistance in Mexico: results from the National Survey on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present estimations obtained from a population-level survey conducted in Mexico of prevalence rates of mono-, poly- and multidrug-resistant strains among newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), as well as the main factors associated with multidrug resistance (combined resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin).
  
  
  METHODS
  Study data came from the National Survey on TB Drug Resistance (ENTB-2008), a nationally representative survey conducted during 2008-2009 in nine states with a stratified cluster sampling design. Samples were obtained for all newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary TB in selected sites. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed for anti-tuberculosis drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DST results were obtained for 75% of the cases. Of these, 82.2% (95%CI 79.5-84.7) were susceptible to all drugs. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) was estimated at 2.8% (95%CI 1.9-4.0). MDR-TB was associated with previous treatment (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.1-9.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of drug resistance is relatively low in Mexico. ENTB-2008 can be used as a baseline for future follow-up of drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, San Antonio del Mar, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bojorquez-Chapela
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bäcker
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Orejel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz-Quiñonez
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hernández-Serrato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balandrano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Téllez-Rojo Solís
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alpuche
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández-Ávila
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: López-Gatell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin