title: Side-effects of analgesic kyotorphin derivatives: advantages over clinical opioid drugs.
abstract: The adverse side-effects associated with opioid administration restrain their use as analgesic drugs and call for new solutions to treat pain. Two kyotorphin derivatives, kyotorphin-amide (KTP-NH₂) and ibuprofen-KTP-NH₂ (IbKTP-NH₂) are promising alternatives to opioids: they trigger analgesia via an indirect opioid mechanism and are highly effective in several pain models following systemic delivery. In vivo side-effects of KTP-NH₂ and IbKTP-NH₂ are, however, unknown and were evaluated in the present study using male adult Wistar rats. For comparison purposes, morphine and tramadol, two clinically relevant opioids, were also studied. Results showed that KTP-derivatives do not cause constipation after systemic administration, in contrast to morphine. Also, no alterations were observed in blood pressure or in food and water intake, which were only affected by tramadol. A reduction in micturition was detected after KTP-NH₂ or tramadol administrations. A moderate locomotion decline was detected after IbKTP-NH₂-treatment. The side-effect profile of KTP-NH₂ and IbKTP-NH₂ support the existence of opioid-based mechanisms in their analgesic actions. The conjugation of a strong analgesic activity with the absence of the major side-effects associated to opioids highlights the potential of both KTP-NH₂ and IbKTP-NH₂ as advantageous alternatives over current opioids.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta M B
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Sónia Sá
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: David S C
authors.initials: DSC
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heras
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bardaji
authors.forename: Isaura
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Miguel A R B
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Castanho
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced; D004723:Endorphins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014147:Tramadol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D004723:Endorphins; C019448:kyotorphin; D014147:Tramadol; D009020:Morphine; D007052:Ibuprofen