title: Multicenter prospective observational study on acute and chronic heart failure: one-year follow-up results of IN-HF (Italian Network on Heart Failure) outcome registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical observational studies on heart failure (HF) deal mostly with hospitalized patients, few with chronic outpatients, all with no or limited longitudinal observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This is a multicenter, nationwide, prospective observational trial on a population of 5610 patients, 1855 hospitalized for acute HF (AHF) and 3755 outpatients with chronic HF (CHF), followed up for 1 year. The cumulative total mortality rate at 1 year was 24% in AHF (19.2% in 797 patients with de novo HF and 27.7% in 1058 with worsening HF) and 5.9% in CHF. Cardiovascular deaths accounted for 73.1% and 65.3% and HF deaths for 42.4% and 40.5% of total deaths in AHF and CHF patients, respectively. One-year hospitalization rates were 30.7% in AHF and 22.7% in CHF patients. Among the independent predictors of 1-year all-cause death, age, low systolic blood pressure, anemia, and renal dysfunction were identified in both acute and chronic patients. A few additional variables were significant only in AHF (signs of cerebral hypoperfusion, low serum sodium, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute pulmonary edema), whereas others were observed only in CHF patients (lower body mass index, higher heart rate, New York Heart Association class, large QRS, and severe mitral regurgitation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this contemporary data set, patients with CHF had a relatively low mortality rate compared with those with AHF. Rates of adverse outcomes in patients admitted for AHF remain very high either in-hospital or after discharge. Most deaths were cardiovascular in origin and ≈40% of deaths were directly related to HF.
authors.affiliation: GVM Hospitals of Care and Research, Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tavazzi
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Senni
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metra
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cacciatore
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chinaglia
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Lenarda
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mortara
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.forename: Aldo P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Maggioni
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: epidemiology; heart failure; prognosis