title: Effect of prior birth and miscarriage frequency on the prevalence of acquired and congenital uterine anomalies in women with recurrent miscarriage: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a prior live birth or an increase in number of miscarriages impacted the prevalence of congenital or acquired uterine anomalies in women with predominantly early recurrent miscarriage (RM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with RM at a private practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight hundred seventy-five women who had two or more consecutive miscarriages.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequencies of congenital uterine anomalies (bicornuate, didelphic, septate, t-shaped, and unicornuate uteri) and acquired uterine anomalies (fibroids, polyps, and adhesions).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A uterine anomaly was identified in 169 (19.3%) of the patients. Patients with primary RM were more likely to have congenital anomalies than patients with secondary RM, particularly septa. The occurrence of a prior live birth, however, did not influence the frequency of acquired uterine anomalies, which were detected in equal frequencies in patients with three or more miscarriages when compared with patients with only two miscarriages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although RM patients with a prior viable birth are less likely to have a uterine anomaly than those who have never given birth, our results support a recommendation for diagnostic imaging of the uterus after two losses in women with secondary RM as well as for those with primary RM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jaslow
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kutteh
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D050498:Live Birth; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D011127:Polyps / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D000267:Tissue Adhesions; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities*; D055815:Young Adult