title: Lewis acid-assisted isotopic 18F-19F exchange in BODIPY dyes: facile generation of positron emission tomography/fluorescence dual modality agents for tumor imaging.
abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful technique for imaging biological pathways in vivo, particularly those that are key targets in disease processes. In contrast, fluorescence imaging has demonstrated to be a superior method for image-guided surgery, such as tumor removal. Although the integration of PET and optical imaging could provide an attractive strategy for patient management, there is a significant shortage of established platforms/methods for PET/optical probe construction. In this study, various reaction conditions were explored to develop a simple and fast method allowing for the introduction of [(18)F]-fluoride into BODIPY dyes. Through a systematic optimization of the reaction conditions, we found that BODIPY dyes, including commercial amine-reactive BODIPY succinimidyl esters, may be converted into their radioactive analogues in the matter of minutes via a (18)F-(19)F isotopic exchange reaction promoted by a Lewis acid such as SnCl4. An integrin-targeting RGD peptide was also conjugated with [(18)F]BODIPY® R6G , derived from the commercially available BODIPY® R6G fluorescent tag, to provide a [(18)F]-RGD conjugate in 82% yield. In vivo evaluation of this imaging probe showed a discernible tumor uptake in the U87MG xenograft model. The dual modality imaging properties of the probe was confirmed by ex vivo fluorescence and microPET imaging experiments. In summary, in the matter of minutes, BODIPY dyes were converted into their "hot" radioactive analogues via a (18)F-(19)F isotopic exchange reaction promoted by a Lewis acid. This approach, which can be applied to commercial BODIPY dyes, provides easy access to positron emission tomography/fluorescence dual modality imaging agents.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Shuanglong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tzu-Pin
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leamer
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Zibo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: François P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Gabbaï
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Conti
mesh_terms: D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D058116:Lewis Acids; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: C095489:4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene; D001896:Boron Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D058116:Lewis Acids
keywords: 18F-19F exchange.; BODIPY; PET; dual modality; fluorsence