title: Duodenal-jejunal bypass improves glycemia and decreases SGLT1-mediated glucose absorption in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate whether duodenal-jejunal-bypass (DJB), which improves blood glucose control, changes activity of Na-D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in small intestine.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  DJB has been shown to improve oral glucose tolerance in normal rats and a genetic diabetic rat model. Because intestinal D-glucose absorption is mediated by SGLT1 localized in the brush border membrane of small intestinal enterocytes, it is unclear whether function of SGLT1 is altered by DJB and whether this contributes to the improvement of glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin administration were used to induce a type 2 diabetes in male Lewis rats. The diabetic animals underwent DJB or sham surgery. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to evaluate glucose control 3 weeks after surgery. SGLT1-mediated glucose transport was assessed using everted rings of different small intestinal segments. SGLT1 mRNA expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  DJB improved the OGTT significantly (P < 0.001) compared with sham-operated rats while body weight was not different among the surgical groups. DJB induced a 50% reduction of SGLT1-mediated glucose uptake into enterocytes of duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.001). The concentration of D-glucose in the blood following glucose gavage increased more slowly after DJB versus sham.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicate that DJB surgery decreases glucose absorption in the small intestine by downregulation of SGLT1-mediated glucose uptake. We suggest that the downregulation of SGLT1 contributes to the body-weight independent improvement of diabetes type 2.
authors.affiliation: Department of General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, Würzburg, Germany. jurowich_c@chirurgie.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Christian Ferdinand
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Jurowich
authors.forename: Prashanth Reddy
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Rikkala
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thalheimer
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wichelmann
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seyfried
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreissl
authors.forename: Christoph-Thomas
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Germer
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koepsell
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Otto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; C495676:Slc5a1 protein, rat; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1