title: Ectopic testis in children: experience with seven cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ectopic testis is a rare congenital anomaly in which the testis is abnormally located away from normal line of decent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report varied clinical presentation, embryogenesis, and management aspects of ectopic testis with a brief review of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of children with undescended testis from January 2008 to August 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven children (3.6%) treated for ectopic testes were diagnosed among 190 children operated on for undescended testis. There were five perineal testes, one penile testis, and one transverse testicular ectopic testis. Laparoscopy was the diagnostic and therapeutic modality in transverse testicular ectopia. Other ectopic testes were managed by open orchidopexy. The length of the testicular vessels and vas deferens was adequate in every case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Examination of boys with an empty scrotum should include examination of ectopic sites as well. The gubernaculum bulb has preprogrammed growth toward the scrotum unless anatomical blockade prevents its descent. Open orchidopexy reveals normal characteristics of perineal, penile testis, and its elements. Surgical correction for ectopic testis as early as possible facilitates proper psychological development and prevents complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, VaniVillas Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India. drsrraghu@gmail.com
authors.forename: Raghu S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ramareddy
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alladi
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Siddappa
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*