title: Intrinsic antibiotic resistance: mechanisms, origins, challenges and solutions.
abstract: The intrinsic antibiotic resistome is a naturally occurring phenomenon that predates antibiotic chemotherapy and is present in all bacterial species. In addition to the intrinsic resistance mediated by the bacterial outer membrane and active efflux, studies have shown that a surprising number of additional genes and genetic loci also contribute to this phenotype. Antibiotic resistance is rife in both the clinic and the environment; novel therapeutic strategies need to be developed in order to prevent a major global clinical threat. The possibility of inhibiting elements comprising the intrinsic resistome in bacterial pathogens offers the promise for repurposing existing antibiotics against intrinsically resistant bacteria.
authors.affiliation: DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 4K1, Canada.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Gerard D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Adjuvant; Antibiotic resistance; Efflux; Gram-negative pathogens; Intrinsic antibiotic resistance; Outer membrane; Permeability; Potentiate; Resistome