title: Ammonia and female sex hormones concentrations in human preovulatory follicular fluid are not directly related.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ammonia gradient from the human preovulatory follicular fluid (FF) to blood has been documented. The purpose of the present study was to substantiate whether following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, female sex hormones are relATED TO THIS PHENOMENON.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was taken from the antecubital veins of 32 randomly selected patients undergoing an in vitro fertilization program prior to oocyte retrieval and FF collection. Ammonia concentrations in blood and FF were determined by the indophenol method, and 17beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PGS) concentrations in plasma and FF by radioimmunoassay
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ammonia concentration was 39.15 +/- 3.25 microM for FF and 20.15 +/- 1.20 microM for blood (p < 0.001). In all subjects, the ratios of ammonia concentrations in FF to those in blood were above 1.0, confirming the production of ammonia by the preovulatory follicle. No correlation was found between FF ammonia and E2 concentrations (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r = 0.2546; p = 0.160), nor between FF ammonia and the difference in E2 concentration in FF and plasma (r = 0.2416; p = 0.183). Similarly there was no correlation between FF ammonia and PGS (r = -0.1089; p = 0.553). In support of this finding, no correlation was observed between FF ammonia and the difference in PGS concentration in FF and plasma (r = -0.1133; p = 0.537).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ammonia production is not directly related to intrafollicular female sex hormones concentrations. The accumulation of ammonia is likely to account for the alkaline pH of the human preovulatory FF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland. jozwikmc@interia.pl
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jóźwik
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jóźwik
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Syrewicz
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wołczyński
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jóźwik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D000641:Ammonia