title: The late Na current as a therapeutic target: where are we?
abstract: In this article we review the late Na current which functionally can be measured using patch-clamp electrophysiology (INa,late). This current is largely enhanced under pathological myocardial conditions such as ischemia and heart failure. In addition, INa,late can cause systolic and diastolic contractile dysfunction via a Na-dependent Ca-overload of the myocyte. Moreover, INa,late plays a crucial role as ventricular and atrial proarrhythmic substrate in myocardial pathology by changing cellular electrophysiology. We summarize recent experimental and clinical studies that investigate therapeutic inhibition of this current and discuss the significance of the available data and try to answer not only the question, where we currently are but also where we may go in the near future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Na(+) Regulation in Cardiac Myocytes".
authors.affiliation: Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie/Herzzentrum, Deutsches Zentrum für Herzkreislaufforschung, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany. lmaier@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: Lars S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sossalla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Angina; Arrhythmias; Heart failure; I(Na,late); Ischemia; Ranolazine