title: Synthesis of a disulfide cross-linked polygalacturonic acid hydrogel for biomedical applications.
abstract: Polygalacturonic acid (PGA) hydrogel cross-linked via disulfide bonds was synthesized using a thiol oxidation reaction. PGA was grafted with cysteine to yield thiolated PGA (denoted PGAcys). Per gram, PGA-conjugated cysteine was 725 ± 77 μmol, and the degree of modification was 16.24 %. A PGAcys hydrogel film was fabricated under physiological conditions, with gel content 91.6 % and water content 43.3 %. The PGAcys hydrogel was used as a drug carrier for rosmarinic acid (RA) (denoted PGAcys/RA) and to prevent postsurgical adhesion. The in vitro dynamic release behavior of RA from the PGAcys hydrogel was analyzed. The profiles showed that 80 % of the total RA was released from the hydrogel within 15 min, followed by zero-order kinetic release. Animal implant studies showed that PGAcys and PGAcys/RA hydrogel films reduced adhesion incidence by over 90 %, significantly higher than did Hyaluronate/Carboxymethylcellulose (analogous Seprafilm™) (42 %). The PGAcys/RA hydrogel film also reduced the early inflammatory reaction.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yi-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chen-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ming-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D053630:Depsides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D004220:Disulfides / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D008422:Materials Testing; D010368:Pectins / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002934:Cinnamates; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D053630:Depsides; D004220:Disulfides; D004343:Drug Implants; D020100:Hydrogels; D010368:Pectins; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C003181:polygalacturonic acid