title: [The use of adrenaline for the treatment of anaphylaxis: the use by first-aid personnel is recommended].
abstract: Anaphylaxis is the most serious form of the IgE-dependent food allergy, with lethal risk. The incidence is sharply rising.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Analysis of the actual management of anaphylaxis, searching for the appropriateness with the International Guidelines highlighting the absolute need of epinephrine, and further suggestions for the improvement of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A general review of international studies stemming from Emergency Departments (ED), Paediatric, Resuscitation, Cardiologic or Allergy Departments over 1999-2012, as well of International Guidelines about the management of anaphylaxis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The self-injectable epinephrine by the patients is under-used. Treatment by epinephrine in ED has a low concordance with recommended guidelines. The discharge prescriptions of self-injectable epinephrine and referral to allergy testing are quite insufficient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The actual management of anaphylaxis does not fit with the International Guidelines. Anaphylaxis treatment protocols according to the international criteria should be applied in ED. Risk reduction strategies cannot rely only on the self-administration of epinephrine by the patient and should put forward a better efficiency of all first-aid care providers. A targeted educational intervention should be developed to improve the care of emergency medical services providers. They should have self-injectable-epinephrine available and should be coached to use it properly.
authors.affiliation: Faculté de médecine de Nancy, réseau allergo-vigilance 15, rue du Bois de la Champelle, 54500 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larcan
authors.forename: Denise Anne
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moneret-Vautrin
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005392:First Aid; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine