title: Strong smoke-free law coverage in the United States by race/ethnicity: 2000-2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined whether racial/ethnic disparities existed in coverage by type of 100% smoke-free private workplace, restaurant, and bar laws from 2000 to 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  We combined US census population data and the American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation US Tobacco Control Database to calculate the percentage of individuals in counties covered by each type of law by race/ethnicity from 2000 to 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More of the US Hispanic and Asian populations were covered by 100% smoke-free restaurant and bar laws than non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black populations. Asian coverage by smoke-free bars laws increased from 36% to 75%, and Hispanic coverage increased from 31% to 62%, compared with 6% to 41% for non-Hispanic Blacks and 8% to 49% for non-Hispanic Whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hispanics and Asians benefited more from the rapid spread of smoke-free law coverage, whereas non-Hispanic Blacks benefited less. These ethnic disparities suggest a likely effect of geographic region and may provide a basis for more effective, community-based, and tailored policy-related interventions, particularly regarding areas with high concentrations of non-Hispanic Blacks.
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1390, USA.
authors.forename: Mariaelena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanders-Jackson
authors.forename: Anna V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kai-wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Stanton A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Glantz
mesh_terms: D019352:Censuses; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009111:Local Government; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012147:Restaurants / Q000592:standards*; D013219:State Government; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States; D017132:Workplace / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution