title: Salivary MMPs, TIMPs, and MPO levels in periodontal disease patients and controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases with an important role in physiological and pathological remodeling. Their activity is regulated by tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Excess MMPs and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity have been associated with loss of tooth supporting tissues in periodontal disease (PD). We investigate the changes in salivary MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and MPO concentrations during PD treatment and compare results with plasma levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were analyzed by ELISA. Gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 forms was determined by zymography, and the MPO activity was determined by colorimetric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were divided into 2 groups: PD and control, which were further divided into 2 subgroups each, namely PD before (PB) and after 3 months (PA) of non-surgical periodontal therapy, and healthy volunteers at baseline (CB) and 3months after baseline (CA). Subgroup PA presented lower gelatinolytic activity and MMP-8 and TIMP-2 concentrations in the saliva compared with PB (p<0.05). The MPO activity was higher in PB compared with CB (p<0.05). There were significant correlations between the gelatinolytic activity of the saliva and MMP-8 and MMP-9 plasma levels. There was a significant correlation between plasma and saliva TIMP-2 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest attenuation of some inflammatory markers in the saliva and plasma after PD treatment. Moreover, correlations between salivary and plasma levels exist for some of these markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cesar A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Meschiari
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Marcaccini
authors.forename: Bruna C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Santos Moura
authors.forename: Leonardo R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Zuardi
authors.forename: Jose E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tanus-Santos
authors.forename: Raquel F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gerlach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D009195:Peroxidase; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9