title: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide response in different categories of tuberculosis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the magnitude of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) response in different categories of active tuberculosis (TB) patients by ex vivo experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  New, relapsed (recurrent), miliary and pleural effusion TB cases were recruited with matched healthy controls. TNF-α and NO were measured from the culture supernatant of peripheral blood monocytes derived from cases and controls with and without challenge with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-α and NO production varied significantly among the different categories of TB patients. The magnitude was highest among patients with pleural effusion and lowest in miliary TB cases. In between, progressive decreases in response were noted in new and relapse cases. Overall, positive correlations between TNF-α and NO were noted among the diseased and healthy groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct TNF-α and NO levels appear to be associated with different clinical forms of TB and might help to assess prognosis and contribute to a better understanding of underlying immunopathological mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D014391:Tuberculosis, Miliary / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide