title: Swimming training prevents alterations in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in hypertensive rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cholinergic enzyme activities are altered in hypertension, reflecting a low-grade inflammation. Regular physical exercise exerts anti-inflammatory effects and has been described as a coadjutant in the treatment of hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effect of 6 weeks of swimming training on cholinergic enzyme activities (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) in Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were divided into 4 groups: control (n = 10), exercise (n = 10), L-NAME (n = 10), and exercise L-NAME (n = 10). The animals were trained 5 times per week in an adapted swimming system for 60 minutes with a gradual increase of the workload up to 5% of animal's body weight. Enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically in lymphocytes, whole blood, and serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant rise in acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in lymphocytes and whole blood as well as in serum butyrylcholinesterase activity in the L-NAME group when compared with the other groups (P < 0.05), and the increase in cholinesterase activities was positively correlated with the rise in blood pressure (r = 0.5721, r = 0.6121, and r = 0.5811, respectively). Swimming training was efficient in preventing these alterations in the exercise L-NAME group, which displayed values similar to those of the control group. Exercise training demonstrated a significant hypotensive effect in hypertensive rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training was shown to prevent increased cholinesterase related to inflammatory processes in hypertensive rats, providing a new insight about protective exercise mechanisms to avoid hypertension-related inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry of the Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréia Machado
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Fátima Husein
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.forename: Margarete Dulce
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bagatini
authors.forename: Caroline Curry
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Fernando da Silva
authors.initials: Fda S
authors.lastname: Fiorin
authors.forename: Jucimara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baldissarelli
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Fábio Fernandes de
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: Amanda Maino
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fiorenza
authors.forename: Jonas Daci da Silva
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Serres
authors.forename: Jamile Fabbrin
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Heloísa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando Freire
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Royes
authors.forename: Adriane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belló-Klein
authors.forename: Vera Maria
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Morsch
authors.forename: Maria Rosa Chitolina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schetinger
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
keywords: acetylcholinesterase; blood pressure; butyrylcholinesterase; hypertension; inflammation; swimming training.