title: Elevated CO2 affects predator-prey interactions through altered performance.
abstract: Recent research has shown that exposure to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) affects how fishes perceive their environment, affecting behavioral and cognitive processes leading to increased prey mortality. However, it is unclear if increased mortality results from changes in the dynamics of predator-prey interactions or due to prey increasing activity levels. Here we demonstrate that ocean pCO2 projected to occur by 2100 significantly effects the interactions of a predator-prey pair of common reef fish: the planktivorous damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis and the piscivorous dottyback Pseudochromis fuscus. Prey exposed to elevated CO2 (880 µatm) or a present-day control (440 µatm) interacted with similarly exposed predators in a cross-factored design. Predators had the lowest capture success when exposed to elevated CO2 and interacting with prey exposed to present-day CO2. Prey exposed to elevated CO2 had reduced escape distances and longer reaction distances compared to prey exposed to present-day CO2 conditions, but this was dependent on whether the prey was paired with a CO2 exposed predator or not. This suggests that the dynamics of predator-prey interactions under future CO2 environments will depend on the extent to which the interacting species are affected and can adapt to the adverse effects of elevated CO2.
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. bridie.allan@my.jcu.edu.au
authors.forename: Bridie J M
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Domenici
authors.forename: Mark I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: Sue-Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Munday
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020387:Food Chain; D010473:Perciformes / Q000502:physiology*; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis*; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide