title: Effect of pharmacist involvement on patient reporting of adverse drug reactions: first Italian study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adding patients to the range of potential reporters of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) may increase spontaneous reporting and contribute to the detection of signals, one of the primary aims of spontaneous reporting systems. Community pharmacies could have an important role in this context as a service for promoting patient reporting of ADRs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main objectives of the present study were to assess the potential impact of an intervention to promote patient reporting in community pharmacies in the Veneto region of Italy, and to compare the characteristics of patients' and general practitioners' (GPs) reports of ADRs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in the Veneto region of Italy and involved 211 pharmacists working in 118 community pharmacies. Each pharmacist was asked to select, during the study period, about 250 customers who had received at least one drug, and then to present the spontaneous reporting form to those who had experienced a suspected ADR. Patients were asked to complete the ADR report form and either give it back to the pharmacist, or send it by fax or mail, or else to fill in the form online.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a 4-month period, 52,495 customers were interviewed by the pharmacists and 4,949 of them (9.4 %) referred a suspected ADR. The Pharmacovigilance Centre of the Veneto region received 2,311 citizen's ADR reporting forms related to the study (from 46.7 % of all patients interviewed who had experienced suspected ADRs). After quality control 1,794 of these reports were entered into the Italian Pharmacovigilance Database and were compared with the reports (226) sent by GPs in the Veneto region in the same period. Patients reported a higher percentage of known and non-serious reactions than did GPs. Drugs widely used in the community setting, and over-the-counter products, were the drugs most frequently reported by patients. In contrast, few reports involving reactions to antineoplastic agents or contrast media-drugs mostly used in a hospital setting-were sent by patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that patient reporting has the potential to add value to the pharmacovigilance system. The overall quality of the information provided in patients' reports was good. The differences between reports by patients and by GPs indicate different points of view that can enrich spontaneous reporting.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. roberto.leone@univr.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: D'Incau
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conforti
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magro
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lora
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Velo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016208:Databases, Factual; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D010594:Pharmacies; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000523:psychology*; D060735:Pharmacovigilance; D055815:Young Adult