title: Genetic variation in tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as a risk factor for idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the potential association of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) 1, 2, 3, and 4 gene polymorphisms with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion (IRSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control and association study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Departments of gynecology and obstetrics and university-based research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 149 couples with a history of three or more idiopathic spontaneous pregnancy losses and 149 fertile men and 149 fertile women with at least two live births and no history of pregnancy pathologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction and restriction-fragment-length polymorphism methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detection of TIMP-1 -372 C/T, TIMP-2 -303 C/T, TIMP-3 -915 A/G, TIMP-3 -1296 C/T, and TIMP-4 -3'-UTR C/T genotypes and allele frequencies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of any genotype and allele frequencies or any genetic model between IRSA patients and controls. Additionally, no significant associations occurred between combinations of TIMP polymorphisms and the risk of IRSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence for the association of TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4 with IRSA in a Slovenian population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pereza
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.forename: Nikolina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zrakić
authors.forename: Miljenko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapović
authors.forename: Borut
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peterlin
authors.forename: Saša
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ostojić
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017524:Slovenia; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000235:genetics; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics*; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; C088390:TIMP3 protein, human