title: cGMP modulates Arabidopsis lateral root formation through regulation of polar auxin transport.
abstract: The phytohormone auxin participates in lateral root formation and primary root growth in plants. The auxin gradient formation is mainly regulated by the direction of polar auxin transport (PAT). PAT requires PIN family proteins, which are auxin transport facilitators and contribute to the establishment and maintenance of auxin gradients and mediate multiple developmental processes. Here, we report the effect of the 3', 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), an important second messenger, on postembryonic developmental of Arabidopsis lateral root. We find that enhanced cGMP level through the application of the membrane permeable cGMP analog 8-Br-cGMP, promotes the initiation of lateral root primordia and formation of lateral root. 6-Anilino-5,8-quinolinedione (Ly83583, the guanylate cyclase inhibitor) negatively regulates the process. cGMP also mediates acropetal auxin transport and basipetal auxin transport in the root. We further find that 8-Br-cGMP and Ly83583 change the expression of auxin transport genes and alter the polar localization and expression of PIN1 and PIN2 proteins. Moreover, Ly83583 affects actin organization and localization. Taken together, we propose that cGMP affects auxin transport and auxin gradient through modulation PINs proteins localization and expression. cGMP regulates postembryonic formation of Arabidopsis lateral root through the crosstalk with PAT.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. lijsh2011@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Jisheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Honglei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D013873:Thionucleotides; C116363:PIN1 protein, Arabidopsis; C117013:AT5G57090 protein, Arabidopsis; C083763:8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate; C041715:6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione