title: An enclosed in-gel PCR amplification cassette with multi-target, multi-sample detection for platform molecular diagnostics.
abstract: This work describes a self-contained, simple, disposable, and inexpensive gel capillary cassette for DNA amplification in near point of care settings. The cassette avoids the need for pumps or valves during raw sample delivery or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification steps. The cassette contains capillary reaction units that can be stored at room temperature for up to 3 months. The current cassette configuration format simultaneously tests up to 16 patients for two or more targets, accommodates different sample types on the same cassette, has integrated positive and negative controls and allows flexibility for multiple geometries. PCR reagents in the cassette are desiccated to allow storage at room temperature with rehydration by raw sample at the time of testing. The sample is introduced to the cassette via a transfer pipette simply by capillary force. DNA amplification was carried out in a portable prototype instrument for PCR thermal cycling with fluorescence detection of amplified products by melt curve analysis (MCA). To demonstrate performance, raw genital swabs and urine were introduced to the same cassette to simultaneously detect four sexually transmitted infections. Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) were detected from raw genital swabs. Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma homonis (MH) were detected from raw urine. Results for multiple patients were obtained in as little as 50 min. This platform allows multiparameter clinical testing with a pre-assembled cassette that requires only the introduction of raw sample. Modification of the prototype device to accommodate larger cassettes will ultimately provide high throughput simultaneous testing of even larger numbers of samples for many different targets, as is required for some clinical applications. Combinations of wax and/or polymer cassettes holding capillary reaction units are feasible. The components of the cassette are suited to mass production and robotic assembly to produce a readily manufactured disposable reaction cassette that can be configured for disease-specific testing panels. Rapid testing with a disposable reaction cassette on an inexpensive instrument will enable on the spot evaluation of patients in the clinic for faster medical decision-making and more informed therapeutic choices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
authors.forename: Dammika P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Manage
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lauzon
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atrazev
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chavali
authors.forename: Roshini A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gordy
authors.forename: Ann L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Larison
authors.forename: Stephanie K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yanow
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Acker
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zahariadis
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pilarski
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000652:urine*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D019535:Mycoplasma hominis / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D016990:Ureaplasma urealyticum / Q000235:genetics; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005782:Gels