title: IL-6-174 G > C and MMP-9-1562 C > T polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of deep vein thrombosis in cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A growing body of evidence shows an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among cancer patients. Novel markers are needed to identify patients prone to develop DVT. The aim of the present study was to determine whether IL-6-174 G > C and MMP-9-1562 C > T polymorphisms may influence the development of DVT in cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymorphisms of IL-6 and MMP-9 were analyzed in 320 DNA samples from cancer patients (DVT+ and DVT-) and in 215 healthy donors. IL-6 and MMP-9 plasma levels were also measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distribution of -174 IL-6 genotype and -1562 MMP-9 were similar between healthy controls and DVT- cancer cases (OR = 0.98 and 1.04, respectively). Different results were obtained by compared healthy controls with DVT+ cancer patients. -174 IL-6 GG polymorphism was associated to DVT (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.30-3.30), as well as -1562 MMP-9 CC polymorphism (OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.48-4.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study support a model in which the GG and CC genotypes, respectively for IL-6-174 G > C and MMP-9-1562 C > T polymorphisms, are associated with a risk of DVT in cancer patients by inducing the release of IL-6 with subsequent increment of MMP-9. Overall, these findings may contribute to the management of DVT in cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunopathology & Immunohistochemistry, Department of Bio-medical Sciences, Section of Pathology & Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malaponte
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polesel
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Candido
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sambataro
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bevelacqua
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anzaldi
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vella
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Militello
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mazzarino
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Libra
authors.forename: Santo Salvatore
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Signorelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9