title: Protein S-ACYL Transferase10 is critical for development and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Protein S-acylation, commonly known as palmitoylation, is a reversible posttranslational modification that catalyzes the addition of a saturated lipid group, often palmitate, to the sulfhydryl group of a Cys. Palmitoylation regulates enzyme activity, protein stability, subcellular localization, and intracellular sorting. Many plant proteins are palmitoylated. However, little is known about protein S-acyl transferases (PATs), which catalyze palmitoylation. Here, we report that the tonoplast-localized PAT10 is critical for development and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PAT10 loss of function resulted in pleiotropic growth defects, including smaller leaves, dwarfism, and sterility. In addition, pat10 mutants are hypersensitive to salt stresses. We further show that PAT10 regulates the tonoplast localization of several calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), including CBL2, CBL3, and CBL6, whose membrane association also depends on palmitoylation. Introducing a C192S mutation within the highly conserved catalytic motif of PAT10 failed to complement pat10 mutants, indicating that PAT10 functions through protein palmitoylation. We propose that PAT10-mediated palmitoylation is critical for vacuolar function by regulating membrane association or the activities of tonoplast proteins.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Liang-Zi
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiang-Nan
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yu-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yong-lun
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D056771:Ovule / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D017354:Point Mutation; D011058:Pollen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D055051:Salt-Tolerant Plants / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000217:Acyltransferases; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D020126:Brefeldin A; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C480758:At5g55990 protein, Arabidopsis