title: Advanced methodological approach in determination of the heart rate deflection point: S.Dmax versus L.Dmax methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to compare determined heart rate deflection point (HRDP) by the long distance maximum (L.Dmax), short distance maximum (S.Dmax) and plasma lactate measurements as criterion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen healthy and active male volunteers, aged 20-24, were selected as subjects and performed the exhaustive testing protocol which took place on a calibrated electronically braked cycle ergometer. To determine the HRDP, each subject's data was recorded during the exercise test and analyzed by a designed computer program. Venous blood samples were drawn for the measurement of plasma lactate concentration by a direct method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Downward inflection of HRDP was noticed in all subjects. Comparison of the S.Dmax and L.Dmax methods with the criterion method (lactate method) showed that while HRDP determined by the S.Dmax and lactate methods were not significantly different (167±8.83 vs. 168±8.17 b/min; P=0.86), significant difference emerged between determined HRDP by the L.Dmax and lactate methods (167±8.83 vs. 139.56±6.73 b/min; P£0.001). Bland-Altman plots revealed a good agreement between S.Dmax and lactate methods (95% CI=-5 to +3.6 b/min), while there is no agreement between L.Dmax and lactate method (95% CI=+4.9 to +71.3 b/min). Significant correlation was observed between the criterion and S.Dmax model (r=0.944) whereas there was no significant correlation between the criterion and L.Dmax model (r=0.158).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results, it could be suggested that S.Dmax method is an accurate and reliable alternative to the cumbersome, expensive, and time-consuming lactate method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Faculty of Human Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. m_siahkohian@uma.ac.ir
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siahkouhian
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meamarbashi
mesh_terms: D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D016552:Ergometry; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid