title: MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound: current status of an emerging technology.
abstract: The concept of ideal tumor surgery is to remove the neoplastic tissue without damaging adjacent normal structures. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was developed in the 1940s as a viable thermal tissue ablation approach. In clinical practice, HIFU has been applied to treat a variety of solid benign and malignant lesions, including pancreas, liver, prostate, and breast carcinomas, soft tissue sarcomas, and uterine fibroids. More recently, magnetic resonance guidance has been applied for treatment monitoring during focused ultrasound procedures (magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound, MRgFUS). Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging provides the best possible tumor extension and dynamic control of energy deposition using real-time magnetic resonance imaging thermometry. We introduce the fundamental principles and clinical indications of the MRgFUS technique; we also report different treatment options and personal outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, via Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy, napoli.alessandro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anzidei
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciolina
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marotta
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cavallo Marincola
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brachetti
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Mare
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cartocci
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boni
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Noce
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertaccini
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catalano
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D057086:High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery