title: Validation of cephalic index measurements in scaphocephaly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cephalic index (CI) of the head can be measured manually using a caliper, the original technique, but it is also possible to determine it using skull X-ray, 2DCT and 3DCT images, 3D photo and with help of plagiocephalometry (PCM).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the manual caliper determination is statistically compared with other measuring methods for scaphocephaly patients (n = 39).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CI mean differences for the most representative data are sequentially 3.74, 2.16, 1.09 and 0.97 for the 2DCT, PCM, 3D photo and 3DCT techniques. The CI 2DCT values show a significant difference (p < 0.01) in reference to CI manually, while the other techniques show a p > 0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conclusions are that significantly different results are achieved when using 2DCT relative to the manual caliper determination. No significant difference is observed between the 3D techniques and the manual method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. e.vanlindert@nch.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Erik J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Lindert
authors.forename: Francoise J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Siepel
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Delye
authors.forename: Anke M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ettema
authors.forename: Stefaan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bergé
authors.forename: Thomas J J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Maal
authors.forename: Wilfred A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Borstlap
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed