title: Effect of resistance training and hypocaloric diets with different protein content on body composition and lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic obese women.
abstract: Lifestyle changes such as following a hypocaloric diet and regular physical exercise are recognized as effective non-pharmacological interventions to reduce body fat mass and prevent cardiovascular disease risk factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the interactions of a higher protein (HP) vs. a lower protein (LP) diet with or without a concomitant progressive resistance training program (RT) on body composition and lipoprotein profile in hypercholesterolemic obese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study derived from a 16-week randomized controlled-intervention clinical trial. Twenty five sedentary, obese (BMI: 30-40 kg/m²) women, aged 40-60 with hypercholesterolemia were assigned to a 4-arm trial using a 2 x 2 factorial design (Diet x Exercise). Prescribed diets had the same calorie restriction (-500 kcal/day), and were categorized according to protein content as: lower protein (< 22% daily energy intake, LP) vs. higher protein (> 22% daily energy intake, HP). Exercise comparisons involved habitual activity (control) vs. a 16-week supervised whole-body resistance training program (RT), two sessions/wk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decrease in weight and waist circumference was observed in all groups. A significant decrease in LDL-C and Total-Cholesterol levels was observed only when a LP diet was combined with a RT program, the RT being the most determining factor. Interestingly, an interaction between diet and exercise was found concerning LDL-C values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, resistance training plays a key role in improving LDL-C and Total-Cholesterol; however, a lower protein intake (< 22% of daily energy intake as proteins) was found to achieve a significantly greater reduction in LDL-C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Unciti
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gorostiaga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grijalba
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ibañez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D055070:Resistance Training; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins