title: Detection of Rickettsia parkeri from within Piura, Peru, and the first reported presence of Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae in the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus.
abstract: Domestic farm animals (n=145) were sampled for the presence of ectoparasites in northwestern Peru during March, 2008. Ninety domestic animals (62%) were positive for the presence of an ectoparasite(s) and produced a total collection of the following: 728 ticks [Amblyomma maculatum, Anocentor nitens, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and Otobius megnini], 12 lice (Haematopinus suis), and 3 fleas (Ctenocephalides felis). A Rickettsia genus-specific qPCR assay was performed on nucleic acid preparations of the collected ectoparasites that resulted in 5% (37/743, 35 ticks and 2 fleas) of the ectoparasites positive for the presence of Rickettsia. DNA from the positive individual ticks was tested with 2 other qPCR assays for the presence of the ompB gene in Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae or Rickettsia parkeri. Candidatus R. andeanae was found in 25 A. maculatum ticks and in two Rh. sanguineus ticks, whereas R. parkeri was detected in 6 A. maculatum ticks. Two A. maculatum were co-infected with both Candidatus R. andeanae and R. parkeri. Rickettsia felis was detected in 2 fleas, Ctenocephalides felis, by multilocus sequence typing of the 17-kD antigen and ompA genes. These findings expand the geographic range of R. parkeri to include Peru as well as expand the natural arthropod vector of Candidatus R. andeanae to include Rhipicephalus sanguineus.
authors.affiliation: US Naval Medical Research Unit No. Six, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flores-Mendoza
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Florin
authors.forename: Vidal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Felices
authors.forename: Edwar J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pozo
authors.forename: Paul C F
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Roxanne G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Burrus
authors.forename: Allen L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Richards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D001179:Arthropod Vectors / Q000382:microbiology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D058251:Ctenocephalides / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004478:Ectoparasitic Infestations / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D058267:Flea Infestations / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D010373:Lice Infestations / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing / Q000662:veterinary; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D008003:Phthiraptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D048508:Rhipicephalus sanguineus / Q000382:microbiology; D012281:Rickettsia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012282:Rickettsia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D013987:Ticks / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial