title: The effects of hyperglycemia and endotoxemia on coagulation parameters in healthy adult horses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperglycemia and endotoxemia have been associated with coagulation abnormalities in horses. Studies in humans suggest greater disturbances in coagulation with hyperglycemia and concurrent endotoxemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare coagulation parameters in horses administered with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with and without concurrent hyperglycemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hyperglycemia (180-240 mg/dL) was maintained for 6 hours in 6 horses (GLU-LPS) using 140 mg/kg IV bolus of dextrose followed by a 20% dextrose constant rate infusion. A similar volume of saline was administered to an additional 6 horses (SAL-LPS). LPS (20 ng/kg) was administered to each horse. Fibrogen concentration, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin antithrombin concentration (TAT), and thromboelastometry were measured at baseline and after 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, and 22 hours. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine temporal changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increases in PT (P = .001) and TAT (P = .027) were observed in the GLU-LPS group. Changes in thromboelastometry parameters including increased clot formation time (In-TEM, P = .006; Ex-TEM, P = .002) and decreased alpha angle (Ex-TEM, P = .04) and maximal clot firmness (Ex-TEM, P = .014) were observed in the SAL-LPS group. Differences between SAL-LPS and GLU-LPS groups were limited to increased maximal clot firmness (Ex-TEM) at 3, 6, and 22 hours (P < .001) in the SAL-LPS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minor alterations in coagulation parameters identified for each group are most likely not clinically relevant. Observed differences between groups do not suggest that concurrent hyperglycemia and endotoxemia are associated with greater coagulation abnormalities in horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lascola
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Clark-Price
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Foreman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000502:physiology; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time / Q000662:veterinary; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000502:physiology; D011517:Prothrombin Time / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D013916:Thrombelastography / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D000990:Antithrombin III; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases