title: Association of interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and TNF-alpha (TNFα) gene polymorphisms with paranoid schizophrenia in a Polish population.
abstract: Numerous reports have brought attention to the potential role of cytokines in schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to determine whether polymorphisms of IL-2, IL-6, and TNFα genes are risk factors for development of paranoid schizophrenia in a Polish population. Promoter polymorphisms of IL-6 (rs1800795), TNFα (rs1800629), and IL-2 (rs2069762) genes in patients (N=115) and controls (N=135) were genotyped by PCR-RFLP and AS-PCR methods, respectively. Genotype TT and allele T for IL-2 polymorphism, and genotype AA and allele A for TNFα polymorphism were found to be significantly associated with paranoid schizophrenia. Similarly, haplotypes CTA and GTA increased the risk (4.4 times and 5.9 times, respectively) of schizophrenia. To reveal associations between Positive and Negative Symptom Scale subscales and age at onset of schizophrenia, the authors used a novel method called Grade Correspondence Analysis. This analysis revealed that patients with early age at onset have higher scores on the Negative and General subscales of PANSS, and, in that group of patients, haplotype CTA was the most represented. As far as is known, this analysis was used for the first time with reference to genetic data.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland. mpaul@sum.edu.pl
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paul-Samojedny
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owczarek
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suchanek
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palacz
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kucia
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fila-Daniłow
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borkowska
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kowalski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha