title: The China Stroke Secondary Prevention Trial (CSSPT) protocol: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of combined folic acid and B vitamins for secondary prevention of stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies suggest that elevated homocysteine is linked to stroke and heart disease. However, the results of lowering homocysteine levels in reducing the risk of stroke recurrence are controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to evaluate whether homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12 reduces recurrent stroke events and other combined incidence of recurrent vascular events and vascular death in ischemic stroke patients of low folate regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Patients (n = 8000, α = 0.05, β = 0.10) within one-month of ischemic stroke (large-artery atherosclerosis or small-vessel occlusion) or hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage with plasma homocysteine level ≥ 15 μmol/l will be enrolled. Eligible patients will be randomized by a web-based, random allocation system to receive multivitamins (folic acid 0.8 mg, vitamin B6 10 mg, and vitamin B12 500 μg) or matching placebo daily with a median follow-up of three-years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients will be evaluated at six monthly intervals. The primary outcome event is the composite event 'stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from any vascular cause', whichever occurs first. Secondary outcome measures include nonvascular death, transient ischemic attack, depression, dementia, unstable angina, revascularization procedures of the coronary, and cerebral and peripheral circulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first multicenter randomized trial of secondary prevention for ischemic stroke in a Chinese population with a higher homocysteine level but without folate food fortification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Junliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Zhirong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Songdi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D002681:China; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020299:Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000517:prevention & control; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012107:Research Design; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D006710:Homocysteine; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12
keywords: folate; homocysteine; randomized clinical trial; stroke prevention