title: Program on immunization and cold chain monitoring: the status in eight health districts in Cameroon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cold chain monitoring is a precondition to ensure immunization quality, efficacy and safety. In Cameroon, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) has National Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) that describes the vaccines, the cold chain system and equipment, its use and recommended procedures to control and monitor the temperatures and the cold chain. This study was conducted to assess the status of cold chain in eight health districts in Cameroon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was carried out in eight health districts out of fifty with poor immunization coverage rate. Data were collected using a validated form by observation and consultation of related documents. District Health Services (DHS) and four Integrated. Health Centers (IHC) randomly selected were targeted per health district. Forty health facilities were included. Twenty eight (70.0%) had at least one functional refrigerator for EPI activities. The power supply was reported to be permanent in 7 (20.6%) out of 34. (85.0%) health facilities with access to power supply. The temperature monitoring chart was pasted on 27 (96.4%) of the cold chain equipment. On 16 (59.3%) of these charts, the temperature was recorded twice daily as recommended. Seven (25.9%) of 27 refrigerators assessed had temperature out of the recommended range of 2 to 8°C. Almost 23.30% of health centers did not received any supervision on cold chain monitoring during a vaccination campaign.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study documents failure of the cold chain maintenance and questions the efficacy and safety of vaccines administered during EPI activities in Cameroun. These findings indicate that appropriate actions are needed to ensure monitoring of EPI cold chain in the country.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon, PO Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ateudjieu
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kenfack
authors.forename: Blaise Wakam
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Nkontchou
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demanou
mesh_terms: D002163:Cameroon; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004560:Electricity; D005843:Geography; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D011634:Public Health; D012034:Refrigeration / Q000592:standards*; D064166:Vaccine Potency; D014612:Vaccines / Q000600:supply & distribution*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines