title: Biochemical characteristics and risk factors for insulin resistance at different levels of obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the biochemical characteristics of nonobese, overweight, and obese children as well as to determine the risk factors associated with insulin resistance in nonobese children and with non-insulin resistance in obese children in the age strata of 6 to 11 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3512 healthy children were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. In the absence of obesity, fasting hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia defined nonobese, insulin-resistant (NO-IR) children. In the absence of metabolic abnormalities of fasting insulin and triglycerides levels, obese children were defined as obese, not insulin-resistant (O-NIR) children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gender- and age-adjusted prevalence of NO-IR and O-NIR was 6.6% and 21.3%, respectively. In the age-, gender-, and birth weight-adjusted analysis, family history of hypertension (FHH) in both maternal and paternal branches (odds ratio [OR]: 1.514; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-3.9; P = .04) was associated with NO-IR children. In the analysis adjusted by gender, age, waist circumference (WC), BMI, FHH, and family history of diabetes, high birth weight was associated with NO-IR children (OR: 1.319; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1; P = .04). Finally, in the gender-, age-, family history-, and birth weight-adjusted analysis, a WC lower than the 95th percentile was associated with a lower odds of insulin resistance among obese children (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91-0.98; P < .0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FHH and high birth weight are associated with NO-IR children, and a low WC is associated with lower odds of O-IR children.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Romero
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aradillas-García
authors.forename: Luis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Simental-Mendía
authors.forename: María L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Torres-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Esperanza de la Cruz
authors.initials: Ede L
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Janneth
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosales-Cervantes
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Ramírez
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Moran
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides