title: Fourier transform analysis of rabbit detrusor autonomous contractions reveals length dependent increases in tone and slow wave development at long lengths.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bladder wall muscle (detrusor) develops low amplitude rhythmic contractions. Low amplitude rhythmic contraction activity is increased in detrusor from patients with overactive bladder. In this in vitro study we used fast Fourier transforms to assess the length dependence of low amplitude rhythmic contraction components.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbit detrusor strips were placed in a muscle bath between 2 clips to adjust length and record isometric tension. Tissues stretched from 70% to 130% of a reference muscle length at 10% increments were allowed to develop low amplitude rhythmic contractions at each length for 20 minutes. Low amplitude rhythmic contraction data were analyzed using fast Fourier transforms and represented by a frequency rather than a time spectrum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on fast Fourier transform analysis summarized by signal peaks within specific frequency ranges, rabbit low amplitude rhythmic contraction waveforms were divided into 1 tonic and 2 phasic components, defined as A0 + A1F1 + A2F2, where A0 is a length dependent basal tonic component that increases linearly, A1F1 is a slow wave with a length dependent specific amplitude (A1) and a length independent constant frequency (F1) of approximately 11.2 Hz, and A2F2 is a fast wave with a length dependent amplitude (A2) and frequency (F2) of approximately 0.03 Hz.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fast Fourier transform analysis revealed that rabbit low amplitude rhythmic contractions consist of a basal tonic component plus 2 phasic components. The amplitude of all 3 components was length dependent. The frequency of the fast component was not length dependent and the slow component was absent at short muscle lengths, developing only at muscle lengths beyond that producing a maximum active contraction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0118, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Klausner
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Speich
authors.forename: Jordan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Southern
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ratz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*