title: Nutritional evaluation and management of AKI patients.
abstract: Protein-energy wasting is common in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and represents a major negative prognostic factor. Nutritional support as parenteral and/or enteral nutrition is frequently needed because the early phases of this are often a highly catabolic state, although the optimal nutritional requirements and nutrient intake composition remain a partially unresolved issue. Nutrient needs of patients with AKI are highly heterogeneous, depending on different pathogenetic mechanisms, catabolic rate, acute and chronic comorbidities, and renal replacement therapy (RRT) modalities. Thus, quantitative and qualitative aspects of nutrient intake should be frequently evaluated in this clinical setting to achieve better individualization of nutritional support, to integrate nutritional support with RRT, and to avoid under- and overfeeding. Moreover, AKI is now considered a kidney-centered inflammatory syndrome; indeed, recent experimental data indicate that specific nutrients with anti-inflammatory effects could play an important role in the prevention of renal function loss after an episode of AKI.
authors.affiliation: Renal Failure Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy. enrico.fiaccadori@unipr.it
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fiaccadori
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Maggiore
authors.forename: Aderville
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabassi
authors.forename: Santo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Regolisti
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D006801:Humans; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D018529:Nutritional Support / Q000379:methods; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids