title: A systematic review of the probability of repeated admission score in community-dwelling adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a systematic review of the Probability of Repeated Admission (Pra) score in community-dwelling adults to assess its performance in a range of validation studies in the community setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary and community care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling older people.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was hospital admission; secondary outcomes were mortality, hospital days, functional decline, other health service use, and costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine validation studies describing 11 cohorts of individuals aged 65 and older were identified. A metaanalysis of the Pra score in five cohorts (8,843 individuals) with comparable and available data revealed good discrimination performance (summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 69.7% (standard error 2.8%)). Pooled specificity was high (96%, 95% confidence interval (CI)=95.8–96.7%), indicating that a Pra score of 0.5 or greater effectively rules in the likelihood of admission, but pooled sensitivity was low (12%, 95% CI=10.5–13.6%). Calibration performance was good, with an overall risk ratio of 1.12 (95% CI=0.89–1.42), indicating that the Pra score reliably predicted hospital admissions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Pra score performs well in predicting hospital admission in community-dwelling adults categorized as high risk according to the score. This tool has clinical and healthcare policy utility in terms of targeting elderly people at highest risk of hospital admission, but the low pooled sensitivity of the score indicates that it is not a reliable way of excluding hospital admission in those stratified as low risk.
authors.affiliation: *Department of General Practice, HRB Centre for Primary Care Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School, Dublin, Ireland. emmawallace@rcsi.ie
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hinchey
authors.forename: Borislav D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Dimitrov
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil; D002138:Calibration; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011336:Probability; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States; D054928:Validation Studies as Topic