title: Impact of age on male fertility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increasing number of older men are seeking help for fathering a child, but male fertility gradually declines with age. This review highlights changes in male reproductive biology and practical clinical concerns for aging men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aging may have an impact on sperm DNA damage such as single nucleotide polymorphisms. A recent landmark study identified that the number of single gene de-novo mutations in the offspring increased by two mutations per year based on paternal age. Additionally, advanced paternal age has been linked with neurocognitive disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. For the management of hypogonadism, strategies using selective estrogen modulators have been increasingly utilized to maintain fertility potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aging has an impact on male fertility potential, as well as potential genetic effects for the offspring.
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee 37920, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsey E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Crosnoe
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004249:DNA Damage; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010331:Paternal Age; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D002996:Clomiphene