title: Okadaic Acid: a tool to study the hippo pathway.
abstract: Mammalian Ste20-like kinases 1 and 2 (MST1 and MST2) are activated in NIH3T3 cells exposed to okadaic acid. The Hippo pathway is a newly emerging signaling that functions as a tumor suppressor. MST1 and MST2 work as core kinases of the Hippo pathway and their activities depend on the autophosphorylation, which is negatively regulated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Okadaic acid has been frequently used to enhance the phosphorylation of MST1 and MST2 and to trigger the activation of the Hippo pathway. However other components of the Hippo pathway could also be targets of okadaic acid. In this review we first briefly summarize the molecular architecture of the Hippo pathway for the reference of researchers outside the field. We explain how MST kinases are regulated by PP2A and how okadaic acid activates MST2. Thereafter we discuss which components of the Hippo pathway are candidate substrates of protein phosphatases and which points we need to consider in the usage of okadaic acid to study the Hippo pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan. yuhammch@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Shikshya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Timalsina
authors.forename: Sainawaer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maimaiti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000090683:Hippo Signaling Pathway; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000090742:Serine-Threonine Kinase 3; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000099317:Hippo Kinases
chemical_list: D019319:Okadaic Acid; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000090742:Serine-Threonine Kinase 3; C490660:Stk4 protein, mouse; D000099317:Hippo Kinases; C490818:Stk3 protein, mouse