title: The therapeutic efficacy of glutamine for rats with smoking inhalation injury.
abstract: Smoke inhalation injury represents a major cause of mortality in burn patients and is associated with a high incidence of pulmonary complications. Glutamine (GLN) is considered a conditionally essential amino acid during critical illness and injury. However, whether GLN could attenuate lung injury caused by smoke inhalation is still unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether GLN has a beneficial effect on smoke inhalation induced lung injury. In our present work, rats were equally randomized into three groups: Sham group (ambient air inhalation plus GLN treatment), Control group (smoke inhalation plus physiological saline) and GLN treatment group (smoke inhalation injury plus GLN treatment). At sampling, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was performed to determine total protein concentration and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Lung tissues were collected for wet/dry ratio, histopathology, hydroxyproline and Western blotting measurement. Our results exhibited that GLN attenuated the lung histopathological alterations, improved pulmonary oxygenation, and mitigated pulmonary edema. At 28days post-injury, GLN mitigated smoke inhalation-induced excessive collagen deposition as evidence by Masson-Goldner trichrome staining and hydroxyproline content. GLN mitigated smoke inhalation-induced lung inflammatory response, and further prevented the activity of NF-kappa-B. More importantly, results from Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry exhibited that GLN enhanced the expression of HSF-1, HSP-70 and HO-1 in lung tissues. Our data demonstrated that GLN protected rats against smoke inhalation-induced lung injury and its protective mechanism seems to involve in inhibition inflammatory response and enhancing HSP expression.
authors.affiliation: Burn Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wuquan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hengyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haichao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Zhaofan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000276:immunology; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015208:Smoke Inhalation Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D005973:Glutamine; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C491523:Hmox1 protein, rat; D006909:Hydroxyproline