title: Preparation, characterization and evaluation of sun protective and moisturizing effects of nanoliposomes containing safranal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to prepare, characterize and evaluate the nanoliposomes containing safranal as a natural sunscreen and moisturizer factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental formulations included homosalate reference, nanoliposomes containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8% safranal and empty liposomes. The liposomes were prepared using fusion method and homogenization. Homosalate reference was prepared according to FDA standard. Sun protection factors (SPF) of the formulations were determined by two in vitro methods; diluted solution transmittance method and transpore tape method. Studies of in vitro penetration of the formulations across mouse skin were carried out with diffusion cells. The percentage of safranal penetrated and retained in the skin was determined for the formulations up to 24 hr. The amount of the moisture contents of the skin before application and after 30-minute, 1, 3 and 5 hr post-application of the formulations were measured in human volunteers using Corneometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that, the SPF of liposomes containing 8% safranal (Lip-Safranal 8%) was significantly higher than 8% homosalate reference. The proportion of Lip-Safranal 1% that penetrated the skin was low. There was no significant difference between the skin moisture contents after application of Lip-Safranal 1 and 4% and empty liposomes during the 7 hr post-application period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results showed that in equal concentrations, Lip-Safranal could act as a better antisolar agent compared to homosalate and have no moisturizing effect in 1 and 4% concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Research Centre, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golmohammadzadeh
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Imani
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosseinzadeh
authors.forename: Mahmoud Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jaafari
keywords: Liposomes; Moisture; Saffron; Safranal; SunProtection Factor