title: Vermilion lower lip cross flap - An anatomic study on 22 fresh cadavers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vermilion lower lip cross flap is indicated for reconstruction of upper lip in residual deformities following trauma or cleft lip. Flap survival depends on incorporation of inferior labial artery in pedicle.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article reports measurement of vertical distance between inferior labial artery and vermilion surface under light microscope in midline sagittal cross-sectional specimens harvested from 22 fresh male cadavers, to design cross lip vermilion flap more accurately and reduce morbidity of donor site.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is designed to measure vertical distance between uppermost parts of inferior labial artery to vermilion surface in 22 fresh male cadavers. Tissue specimens were taken from lower lip midline in sagittal plane. Histological sections stained with Hematoxylin-eosin were reviewed by Pathologist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements were done by staged micrometer which was calibrated in 10 μm subdivisions under light microscope. Vertical distance was measured in millimeter and artery location was defined as submucosal, in superficial muscle and deep muscular layer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of data shows that mean distance was 2.42 ± 1.67 mm. In 77.27% of cases, the artery was in submucosal layer and in 13.64% of cases this artery was located in superficial muscular layer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a result 4-mm depth incision of lower lip vermilion that incorporate superficial layer of orbicularis oris muscle will ensure blood supply of lower lip vermilion cross flap.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeedeh Khajeh
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahpeyma
authors.forename: Hamed Nemati
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Rezvani
keywords: Artery; orbicularis oris; surgical flaps