title: Safety of purified decolorized (low anthraquinone) whole leaf Aloe vera (L) Burm. f. juice in a 3-month drinking water toxicity study in F344 rats.
abstract: Decolorized (purified, low anthraquinone) whole leaf Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. juice was administered at concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% in the drinking water of F344Du rats for 3 months without any adverse effect. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in this study was considered to be >2%w/v (>1845 mg/kg bodyweight/day for males and >2920 mg/kg bodyweight for females). The test material contained total anthraquinones at <0.1 parts per million. In the present study there was a complete absence of any histological alteration in samples from the cecum, colon (proximal, mid and distal regions). Similar concentrations of non-decolorized (unpurified, high anthraquinone) Aloe vera extracts tested in other studies have resulted in an increased incidence and severity of diarrhea and colon adenomas and carcinomas. The results of this study supports the assertion that the high levels of anthraquinone present in orally administered, non-purified whole leaf Aloe vera extract may be responsible for the adverse effects observed on the colon.
authors.affiliation: Herbalife International of America Inc., 990 W 190th Street, Suite 650, Torrance, CA 90502, USA. ashao@herbalife.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broadmeadow
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bejar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Frankos
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000504:Aloe / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000633:toxicity; D002432:Cecum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003116:Color; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D060766:Drinking Water; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D060766:Drinking Water; D010936:Plant Extracts