title: Comprehensive hemodynamic assessment of 368 normal St. Jude Medical mechanical mitral valve prostheses based on early postimplantation echocardiographic studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two-dimensional and Doppler-derived echocardiographic data on normal St. Jude Medical mechanical mitral valve prosthesis function have been reported but remain limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive retrospective two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic assessment of 368 normal St. Jude Medical mechanical mitral valve prostheses was performed early after implantation. The early postimplantation hemodynamic profiles of 98 patients were compared with profiles obtained by follow-up transthoracic echocardiography performed <13 months after implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using mean ± 2 SDs to define the normal distribution of values for Doppler-derived hemodynamic variables, the calculated normal ranges of values were as follows: mean gradient, 2 to 7 mm Hg; peak early mitral diastolic velocity (E velocity), 1.1 to 2.4 m/sec; time-velocity integral of the mitral valve prosthesis (TVIMVP) 20 to 50 cm; ratio of the TVIMVP to the time-velocity integral of the left ventricular outflow tract (TVILVOT), 0.9 to 2.5; pressure half-time, 35 to 99 msec; and effective orifice area, 1.12 to 3.24 cm(2). Patients with severe prosthesis-patient mismatch (ie, indexed effective orifice area ≤ 0.9 cm(2)/m(2)) had significantly higher mean gradients, E velocity, TVIMVP, and TVIMVP/TVILVOT. There was a trend for longer pressure half-times for patients with severe prosthesis-patient mismatch than for patients without severe prosthesis-patient mismatch, but none of these patients had pressure half-times > 130 msec. Among the 98 patients with follow-up transthoracic echocardiography <1 year after implantation, no significant differences were observed between early postimplantation findings and follow-up hemodynamic profiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study establishes parameters (mean ± 2 SDs) defining the distribution of values for Doppler-derived hemodynamic data with normal St. Jude Medical mechanical mitral valve prostheses. Prostheses with hemodynamic values outside these parameters are likely dysfunctional; however, prosthesis dysfunction may be present even when hemodynamic values are within these ranges.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Blauwet
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Malouf
authors.forename: Heidi M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Herges
authors.forename: Rakesh M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: Fletcher A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome