title: Subgingival bacterial burden in relation to clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This cross-sectional study characterizes the association between subgingival bacterial profile and periodontal parameters in patients assigned to coronary angiography because of cardiologic problems, which may affect the oral microbiota.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pooled subgingival bacterial samples were collected from 477 dentate individuals during the oral examinations, along with periodontal probing depth (PD) and assessments of bleeding on probing (BOP) and radiographic alveolar bone loss (ABL). The checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization assay was used to determine the levels of 29 oral bacteria, which were divided into three bacterial complexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All bacterial combinations from the etiologic bacterial group and each species from the red complex were significantly associated (P <0.001) with grade of ABL. The prevalence of the etiologic bacterial group and the level of each species were also associated strongly with the proportion of sites with PD 4 to 5 mm and ≥ 6 mm, BOP, and ABL, except Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Levels of Gram-negative oral bacteria correlated significantly with those of Gram-positive species (r = 0.840, P <0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of the etiologic bacterial group, levels of Gram-negative bacteria and Treponema denticola, and the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and T. denticola associated significantly with ABL, whereas other bacterial complexes and levels of Gram-positive species did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although levels of Gram-negative and -positive species paralleled periodontal parameters, only the species considered etiologic were associated with ABL.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Pratikshya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pradhan-Palikhe
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mäntylä
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paju
authors.forename: Kåre
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buhlin
authors.forename: G Rutger
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Markku S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sinisalo
authors.forename: Pirkko J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pussinen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000145:classification; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000145:classification; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000145:classification; D005260:Female; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000145:classification; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000145:classification; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial