title: Protective effects of a compound isolated from Alnus japonica on oxidative stress-induced death in transformed retinal ganglion cells.
abstract: Here, we investigated whether hirsutenone, a compound isolated from Alnus japonica, was able to attenuate oxidative stress-induced death in transformed retinal ganglion (RGC-5) cells. Hirsutenone effectively protected RGC-5 cells from oxidative insult induced by, l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) plus glutamate in a concentration-dependent manner, as demonstrated by propidium iodide (PI)/Hoechst 33342 double staining, flow cytometry, and MTT assays. Moreover, hirsutenone inhibited the increase in apoptotic protein expression resulting from BSO plus glutamate. Hirsutenone also effectively inhibited sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. To investigate the effects of hirsutenone in vivo, we used N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) as a negative insult on the retinas of rats. NMDA affects the thinning of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and causes an increase in the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive ganglion cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Hirsutenone treatment led to a reduction in NMDA-induced IPL and TUNEL staining of the GCL. In conclusion, hirsutenone isolated from A. japonica may act as neuroprotective agent for conditions such as glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Soon Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D029661:Alnus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004253:DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D036381:Diarylheptanoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011419:Propidium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D036381:Diarylheptanoids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C508777:hirsutenone; D009599:Nitroprusside; D011419:Propidium; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D004253:DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase