title: Evaluation of the application potential of bentonites in phenanthrene bioremediation by characterizing the biofilm community.
abstract: Application of clay minerals in bioremediation has emerged as a new and promising research field. In this study, the application of calcinated bentonite (CB) and calcinated organobentonite (COB) in phenanthrene (Phe) bioremediation showed high Phe removal efficiency. Clone libraries based on 16S rRNA gene and scanning electronic microscopy showed that diverse taxa of bacteria formed biofilms on both COB and CB particles. The family Sphingomonadaceae was the major group and made up 18% and 23% of the COB and CB biofilm composition, respectively. All and 80% of dioxygenase genes from COB and CB biofilms were closely related to that of Sphingomonas sp., and others matched to that of Comamonas and Mycobacterium. The selective effect of COB on bacterial community was also evident. This study characterized for the first time the bacterial diversity of biofilm community and functional Phe degrading groups on bentonites particles, and provided useful information for future applications.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. yilihuang@zju.edu.cn
authors.forename: Yili
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lizhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D001546:Bentonite / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D042301:Sphingomonadaceae
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D001546:Bentonite; C031181:phenanthrene; D049308:Dioxygenases