title: Psychometric properties of the Iranian version of Diabetes Empowerment Scale (IR-DES-28).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to determine the primary psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale (IR-DES-28).
  
  
  METHODS
  After translating the questionnaire into Persian, re-translating it into English and obtaining the confirmation of the diabetes specialists regarding the accuracy of the translated questionnaire, 100 patients with type 2 diabetes selected using a systematic random sampling method completed the Iranian-DES-28. The validity of IR-DES-28 was evaluated by construct, concurrent and criterion validity, whereas its reliability was assessed by test re-test, internal consistency and splitting method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychometric analysis confirmed the reliability and validity of the IR-DES-28 in three subscales: Self-awareness and managing psychological aspects of diabetes (α=0.80), goal achievement ability (α=0.50), the ability of setting goals (α=0.79). Test-retest reliability, evaluated through Pearson coefficient correlation, was equal to 0.74 (P <0.01). The total score of IR-DES-28 and that of the extracted subscales were correlated with HbA1c levels (metabolic control) (P <0.01). The findings also supported the concurrent validity of the questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The validity and reliability of the Iranian-DES scale is acceptable. Thus, the scale could be an appropriate instrument in evaluating the empowerment-based education programs.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Dr.arzaghi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Yoosef
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Mahjouri
authors.forename: Seyed Masoud
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Arzaghi
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heshmat
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khashayar
authors.forename: Ensieh Nasli
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Esfahani
authors.forename: Bagher
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larijani