title: Carbon dioxide rebreathing caused by deformed silicon leaflet in the expiratory unidirectional valve.
abstract: Rebreathing of carbon dioxide caused by incompetent 'cage and disc' unidirectional valves has been reported earlier. Some manufacturers have changed the design of unidirectional valves to 'flexible leaflets'. We report a series of cases where a deformed membrane leaflet in expiratory unidirectional valves led to rebreathing of carbon dioxide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Arumugam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vasudevan
authors.forename: Satyen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parida
authors.forename: Lenin Babu
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Elakkumanan
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
keywords: Anesthesia machine; circle breathing system; incompetent unidirectional valves