title: Overexpression of immunoglobulin G prompts cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis in human urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: Only B lymphocytes can express immunoglobulins according to the traditional immunological theories, and the expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein was found in certain human cancer cells recently. However, the expression pattern of IgG and its possible role in human urothelial carcinoma are still elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression of IgG in two human urothelial carcinoma cell lines, T24 and BIU-87, and in 56 cases of clinical urothelial carcinoma tissues. The mRNA of IgG was positively detected by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription PCR; furthermore, IgG protein was also positively detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Moreover, blockade of tumor-derived IgG by either antihuman IgG antibody or antisense oligonucleotides increased cell apoptosis and inhibited cell growth in bladder cancer cell lines in vitro, and antihuman IgG antibody could suppress the growth of xenotransplant tumor in vivo. In addition, either antihuman IgG antibody or antisense oligonucleotides enhanced the sensitivity to mitomycin C in bladder cancer cell line T24. Furthermore, blockade of IgG in bladder cancer cell T24 resulted in upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Our results indicated that bladder cancer cells were capable of expressing IgG, and blockade of IgG expression induced cell apoptosis through activation of caspase-dependent pathway. A novel potential targeted therapy for bladder cancer will be possibly developed based on these data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Hainan, NO.31 Longhua Road, Meilan District, Haikou, 570102, Hainan Province, China.
authors.forename: Pei-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Hao-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhi-Yan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ying-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Sheng-Xing
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Shan-Ji
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger