title: Alleged silk spigots on tarantula feet: electron microscopy reveals sensory innervation, no silk.
abstract: Several studies on tarantulas have claimed that their tarsi could secrete fine silk threads which would provide additional safety lines for maintaining a secure foot-hold on smooth vertical surfaces. This interpretation was seriously questioned by behavioral experiments, and more recently morphological evidence indicated that the alleged spigots ("ribbed hairs") were not secretory but most likely sensory hairs (chemoreceptors). However, since fine structural studies were lacking, the sensory nature was not proven convincingly. By using transmission electron microscopy we here present clear evidence that these "ribbed hairs" contain many dendrites inside the hair lumen - as is the case in the well-known contact chemoreceptors of spiders and insects. For comparison, we also studied the fine structure of regular silk spigots on the spinnerets and found them distinctly different from sensory hairs. Finally, histological studies of a tarantula tarsus did not reveal any silk glands, which, by contrast, are easily found within the spinnerets. In conclusion, the alleged presence of silk spigots on tarantula feet is refuted.
authors.affiliation: Neue Kantonsschule Aarau, Biology Department, Electron Microscopy Unit, Schanzmättelistr. 32, CH-5000 Aarau, Switzerland. r.foelix@gmx.ch
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foelix
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rast
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000294:innervation / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005121:Extremities / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D047011:Silk / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013112:Spiders / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D047011:Silk