title: Blood antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers acute responses to a 1000-m kayak sprint in elite male kayakers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the response of blood antioxidants and biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and inflammation to a 1000m kayak trial in elite male kayakers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enzymatic (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione reductase [Gr] and glutathione peroxidase [GPx] activities) and non-enzymatic (total antioxidant status [TAS], uric acid, α-tocopherol, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene and lutein and zeaxanthin) antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), creatine kinase (CK), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cortisol were determined in 15 elite male kayakers before and 15 min after a 1000-m kayak simulated race.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were unaffected by exercise, with the exception of α-carotene which decreased (P=0.013). Uric acid levels were incremented following exercise (P=0.016). The acute exercise resulted in a significant decrease in TAS (P=0.001) and in an increase in CK (P=0.023), TBARS (P<0.001) and IL-6 (P=0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that a 1000-m kayak simulated race induces oxidative stress and damage in highly-trained kayakers.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. vhugoteixeira@fcna.up.pt
authors.forename: V H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Casal
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Moreira
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014527:Uric Acid; D002338:Carotenoids; D003402:Creatine Kinase