title: Migrant workers: a risk factor for HIV transmission.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HIV continues to be a threat in both developed and developing countries. Pakistan has entered concentrated epidemic from low epidemic stage. The prevalence of HIV is more in at risk population particularly intravenous drug users (IDUs). Studies are required to find out other risk factors contributing to spread of the disease in the general population in order to prevent the spread of disease among general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out on patients reporting for HIV testing at National HIV/STI Referral Lab, National AIDS Control Program (NACP) from January to December 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 345 patients reported to the lab during the study period. The detailed histories of 271 patients were available out of which 131 (48.3%) patients were found to be positive for HIV. Minimum age of patient with HIV was 2 years while maximum age was 64 years. HIV affected those more significantly who had visited abroad (p = 0.000) or were IDUs (p = 0.000). Extramarital sexual activity, blood transfusion, or any surgical procedure in the past was not found to be significant (p = 0.574, p = 0.243, p = 0.252 respectively). Most of the affected males were drivers (16, 12.2%) by profession. Among them 9 had visited gulf countries and 4 of them were deported from the gulf countries having HIV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migrant workers are a risk factor for HIV transmission. Policy may be developed to focus on this population who continues to spread HIV among their spouses and children as a result of unawareness about their HIV status and its modes of transmission.
authors.affiliation: National AIDS Control Program, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan. nadeemikram2010@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikram
authors.forename: Qazi Mujtaba
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: Sabina Nisar
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Mehmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: ul Hassan
authors.forename: Hayat Mir
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Tariq
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014171:Transients and Migrants