title: The effects of diclofenac on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
abstract: Diclofenac residues have been found in surface water, and thus could present a potential risk to aquatic species. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diclofenac on the mortality, growth, and development of fish, as well as the impact of the drug on histological changes and selected parameters of oxidative stress in the fish. Subchronic toxic effects of diclofenac at concentrations of 0.015, 0.03, 1, and 3mg/L on embryos and larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated during a 30-day toxicity test under experimental conditions. Exposure to diclofenac at 3mg/L was associated with increased mortality, increased activity of glutathione S-transferase, and decreased activity of glutathione reductase. Decreases in the levels of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances were associated with concentrations ≥ 0.03 mg/L. Based on these results a no observed effect concentration (NOEC)=0.015 mg/L and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC)=0.03 mg/L were generated.
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic. stepanova.st@seznam.cz
authors.forename: Stanislava
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stepanova
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Praskova
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chromcova
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plhalova
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prokes
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blahova
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Svobodova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002347:Carps / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000633:toxicity*; D005880:Gills / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004008:Diclofenac; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase