title: The adjunctive use of systemic antioxidant therapy (lycopene) in nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a short-term evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of systemic lycopene along with routine scaling and root planing in terms of changes in clinical parameters and levels of circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), salivary interleukin 1beta (IL-1ß), and uric acid in chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two systemically healthy subjects with chronic periodontitis were included in a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel design, double-blinded trial. The subjects were randomly distributed between the two treatment groups: test group (n = 21) 8 mg lycopene/day and placebo group (n = 21) along with adjunctive scaling and root planing. Patients were monitored at baseline and at 2 months after therapy. Periodontal parameters regarding plaque index (PI), modified gingival index (MGI), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, and probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction were evaluated and peripheral blood samples and whole saliva were obtained at these points of time to measure the levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α, and uric acid using commercially available kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Test group (Lycopene) showed better results after therapy compared to the placebo group with reference to PI (P = .004), MGI (P =.002), BOP (P = .021), salivary IL-1ß (P = .05), and uric acid levels (P = .02). The CAL gain, PPD reduction and serum TNF-α value were not statistically significant but showed an improvement compared to the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further longitudinal studies are required to establish the role of lycopene in the management of chronic periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. drnupurarora@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nupur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Haritha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Avula
authors.forename: Jaya Kumar
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Avula
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000628:therapy; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000628:therapy; D010919:Placebos; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010919:Placebos; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014527:Uric Acid; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene