title: Effects of whey proteins and carbohydrates on the efficacy of resistance training in elderly people: double blind, randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A few previous studies indicate that protein supplementation increases gains in muscle mass and strength during a resistance exercise program. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether whey protein supplementation results in greater increases in lean body mass, muscle strength and physical function in elderly individuals during 12 weeks of resistance exercise when compared to isocaloric carbohydrate supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 161 men and women, 65-91 years old, participated in a randomized, controlled, double-blind intervention study, involving dietary supplementation and a 12-week resistance exercise program, designed to increase muscle mass and strength of all major muscle groups. Participants exercised three times a week and received either 20 g of whey protein (n=83) or isocaloric carbohydrate (n=78) in liquid form immediately after each workout. Data were obtained at baseline and end point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcomes, lean body mass, strength and physical function increased significantly during the course of the study. Type of dietary supplementation did not influence gains in lean body mass (P=0.365), quadriceps strength (P=0.776) or performance during a 6-min walk (P=0.726) or a timed up-and-go test (P=0.151). Twenty participants discontinued the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ingestion of 20 g of whey protein immediately after resistance exercise three times per week, does not lead to greater gains in lean body mass, strength and physical function in elderly people with sufficient energy and protein intakes when compared to isocaloric carbohydrate.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Nutrition Research, The National University Hospital of Iceland & Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. atlia@landspitali.is
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arnarson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gudny Geirsdottir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Briem
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thorsdottir
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D001825:Body Fluid Compartments / Q000187:drug effects; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000187:drug effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training; D016138:Walking; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins