title: Ocular rosacea--a review.
abstract: Rosacea is a prevalent chronic cutaneous disorder with variable presentation and severity. Although considered a skin disease, rosacea may evolve the eyes in 58-72% of the patients, causing eyelid and ocular surface inflammation. About one third of the patients develop potentially sight-threatening corneal involvement. Untreated rosacea may cause varying degrees of ocular morbidity. The importance of early diagnosis and adequate treatment cannot be overemphasized. There is not yet a diagnostic test for rosacea. The diagnosis of ocular rosacea relies on observation of clinical features, which can be challenging in up to 90% of patients in whom accompanying roseatic skin changes may be subtle or inexistent. In this review, we describe the pathophysiologic mechanisms proposed in the literature, clinical features, diagnosis and management of ocular rosacea, as well as discuss the need for a diagnostic test for the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP - São Paulo (SP), Brazil. anacarolinavieira31@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Cabreira
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Ana Luisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Höfling-Lima
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mannis
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D012393:Rosacea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy