title: Vitis vinifera secondary metabolism as affected by sulfate depletion: diagnosis through phenylpropanoid pathway genes and metabolites.
abstract: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is rich in phenylpropanoid compounds, namely flavonoids and stilbenes which, present in most tissues, are described as antioxidants and known to accumulate in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Grapevine is then a choice model for studying the interplay between the phenylpropanoid pathway and nutrient deficiency. Here we report the response to sulfur deficiency (-S) of flavonoids and stilbenes biosynthetic pathways in chlorophyll tissues (plantlets) and cell culture. Anthocyanins and trans-resveratrol accumulated in plantlets and trans-resveratrol glucoside in cell cultures in response to sulfur deficiency, while a significant decrease in chlorophyll was observed in -S plantlets. The up-regulation of chalcone synthase gene and the downstream flavonoid biosynthesis genes dihydroflavonol reductase and anthocyanidin synthase matched the accumulation of anthocyanins in -S V. vinifera plantlets. The mRNA level of stilbene synthase gene(s) was correlated tightly with the increase in trans-resveratrol and trans-resveratrol glucoside levels, respectively in -S plantlets and cell cultures. As a whole, the present study unveil that V. vinifera under sulfur deficiency allocates resources to the phenylpropanoid pathway, probably consecutive to inhibition of protein synthesis, which can be advantageous to resist against oxidative stress symptoms evoked by -S conditions.
authors.affiliation: CBAA/DRAT, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, UTL, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sílvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vesentini
authors.forename: João Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Ricardo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Laureano
authors.forename: Jorge M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ricardo-Da-Silva
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amâncio
mesh_terms: D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation; D027843:Vitis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013267:Stilbenes; D002734:Chlorophyll; D013455:Sulfur; D000217:Acyltransferases; C022674:stilbene synthase; C020141:flavanone synthetase; D000077185:Resveratrol