title: Radiographic indices in one hundred fifty normal Iranian wrists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiography is the most widely available imaging modality. Precise evaluations of wrist x-ray can help diagnosis and evaluate the prognosis of many wrist disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured length, angles and indices in 150 posteroanterior and lateral wrist x-rays to determine normal dimensions and variations according to age and sex. All x-rays were made with standard exposure, with the wrist and forearm in a neutral position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average carpal height ratio was 0.52±0.03 with the Youm method and 1.5±0.09 with the Nattrass method. Mean ulnar variance was +0.99±1.6 mm and mean radial inclination was 25±4 degrees. The average radial tilt was 10±5.1 degrees. Mean scapholunate angle was 50±8.4 degrees (normal range 40-60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carpal height, third metacarpal and capitate length were smaller in women than in men. There was a significant positive relationship between all dimensions. Our data base may be used to follow-up in conditions such as carpal instability, osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis, as well as for clinical research.
authors.affiliation: Associated professor, Department of Hand Surgery, Shafa Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. djafari@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Davood
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taheri
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shariatzade
authors.forename: Farid Najd
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Mazhar
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jalili
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghahramani
keywords: Wrist indices; Wrist measurements; Wrist radiography