title: Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in cervical adenocarcinoma in Korean women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increase in incidence of cervical adenocarcinoma (CADC) has been reported in many countries, including Korea. However, few studies describe human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution among CADC in Asia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This was a retrospective, hospital-based observational study between 2005 and 2010 to estimate the overall prevalence and distribution of HPV types among CDAC in Korean women. The study used hematoxylin & eosin and immunohistochemical staining (for the two biomarkers p16 and progesterone receptor [PR]) to diagnose and subtype CADC samples. HPV DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HPV genotypes were identified using reverse hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 196 cases submitted, 89.3% of the cases were confirmed as CADC. The mean age at diagnosis was 47.1 (standard deviation [SD] 11.9) years. No statistically significant differences in mean age at diagnosis by histological subtype were found. HPV DNA was detected in 90.3% (177/196) of CADC. HPV-18 was the most prevalent type (54.2%), followed by HPV-16 (44.1%) and HPV-45 (3.4%). Infection with any high-risk HPV type was identified in 97.7% of HPV-DNA-positive CADC. The biomarker p16 was positive in 92% of CADC cases and PR was positive in 19.6% of CADC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV DNA was found in the large majority of CADC in Korean women, with HPV-18 being the most common type followed by HPV-16 and HPV-45. This study is among the first in Asia to specifically report HPV type distribution in CADC. This information will help inform policy decisions concerning HPV vaccination for the prevention of CADC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jspark@catholic.ac.kr
authors.forename: Jong-Sup
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young-Tak
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ahwon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yonghee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chi-Heum
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Ho-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Edyta C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Pirog
authors.forename: Anco C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Molijn
authors.forename: Gunasekaran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000614131:CDKN2A protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004279:DNA, Viral; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone