title: Investigation of toxic metals in the tobacco of different Iranian cigarette brands and related health issues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary objective of this study was to determine whether local and imported cigarette brands used in , have elevated levels of metals or not. The produced data of cigarette brands are compared both with each other and with the existing brands in different countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  In present study, nineteen various cigarettes brands were randomly purchased from the commercially available cigarettes in Iranian market (Birjand city) including local Iranian branded and imported cigarettes. All samples were analyzed for heavy metals, viz. Cd, ,Cu ,Co Ni, Zn and Pb by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted wet digestion method with nitric and perchloric acids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The observed average metals concentrations for cadmium in all cigarette brands was 2.71 and ranging 1.76 to 3.20, copper 9.7 (5.18-17.6), cobalt 4.42 with range of 2.57-6.49, nickel 17.93 (10.0-30), zinc 27.02 (18.1-42.2) and value for lead was 2.07 with range of 1.05 to 3.10 (µg/g dry weight) and mean metals content per cigarette was also measured. The produced data of imported and local cigarette brands are discussed and compared together and with studies from elsewhere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The investigation may confirm that the level of metal contents in Iranian cigarettes is similar to the other parts of the world. However, the concentration of these metals was slightly higher in comparison with other investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Agriculture Faculty, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pourkhabbaz
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pourkhabbaz
keywords: Cigarette tobacco; Health; Smoking; Toxic Metal