title: The effect of left ventricular electrical delay on AV optimization for cardiac resynchronization therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of atrioventricular optimization (AVO) for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is controversial. Identifying subgroups that benefit from optimization is important to improve CRT outcomes. Pacing at sites of late electrical activation, as assessed by the QLV interval, improves remodeling with CRT.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether pacing at sites of long left ventricular (LV) electrical delay increases the effectiveness of AVO.
  
  
  METHODS
  This substudy of the SMART-AV trial included 280 subjects who were randomized to either an electrogram-based AVO (SmartDelay) or nominal atrioventricular delay (120 ms). The QLV interval was defined as the time from the onset of QRS to the LV electrogram peak. CRT response was defined prospectively as a >15% reduction in left ventricular end systolic volume from implant to 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohort was 68% men, with a mean age of 66 ± 11 years and LV ejection fraction of 28% ± 8%. Longer QLV durations were significantly associated with CRT response (P < .01) for the entire cohort. Moreover, the benefit of AVO increased as QLV prolonged. At the longest QLV quartile, there was more than a 6-fold increase in the likelihood of a remodeling response compared with nominal atrioventricular delays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline electrical dyssynchrony, as measured by the QLV interval, predicted CRT response. At long QLV intervals, AVO can increase the likelihood of structural response to CRT. AVO and QLV optimized that LV lead location may work synergistically to maximize CRT response.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-5920, USA. goldmr@musc.edu
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Yinghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jagmeet P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Birgersdotter-Green
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ellenbogen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*