title: Sonochemical effect on size reduction of CaCO3 nanoparticles derived from waste eggshells.
abstract: A novel combination of mechanochemical and sonochemical techniques was developed to produce high-surface-area, bio-based calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles from eggshells. Size reduction of eggshell achieved via mechanochemical and followed by sonochemical method. First, eggshells were cleaned and ground, then ball milled in wet condition using polypropylene glycol for ten hours to produce fine particles. The ball milled eggshell particles were then irradiated with a high intensity ultrasonic horn (Ti-horn, 20 kHz, and 100 W/cm(2)) in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF); decahydronaphthalene (Decalin); or tetrahydrofuran (THF). The ultrasonic irradiation times varied from 1 to 5 h. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies showed that the resultant particle shapes and sizes were different from each solvent. The sonochemical effect of DMF is more pronounced and the particles were irregular platelets of ~10 nm. The BET surface area (43.687 m(2)/g) of these nanoparticles is much higher than that of other nanoparticles derived from eggshells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA. hassant@mytu.tuskegee.edu
authors.forename: Tarig A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Rangari
authors.forename: Rohit K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Shaik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeelani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size; D013010:Sonication
chemical_list: D002119:Calcium Carbonate