title: Cultural competencies in emergency medicine: caring for Muslim-American patients from the Middle East.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cultural competency is crucial to the delivery of optimal medical care. In Emergency Medicine, overcoming cultural barriers is even more important because patients might use the Emergency Department (ED) as their first choice for health care. At least 2.2 million Muslims from Middle Eastern background live in the United States.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We wanted to create a succinct guideline for Emergency care providers to overcome cultural barriers in delivering care for this unique population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A compensative search on medical and health databases was performed and all the articles related to providing healthcare for Muslim-Americans were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The important cultural factors that impact Emergency care delivery to this population include norms of modesty; gender role; the concept of God's will and its role in health, family structure, prohibition of premarital and extramarital sex; Islamic rituals of praying and fasting; Islamic dietary codes; and rules related to religious cleanliness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Muslim-American community is a fast-growing, under-studied population. Cultural awareness is essential for optimal delivery of health care to this minority. We have created a succinct guideline that can be used by Emergency Care providers to overcome cultural barriers. However, it is important to consider the heterogeneity and diversity of this population and to use this guideline on an individual basis.
authors.affiliation: Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center, New York University School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York 11206, USA.
authors.forename: Ugo A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Ezenkwele
authors.forename: Gholamreza S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Roodsari
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D054521:Cultural Competency; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D014481:United States
keywords: Arab Americans; Emergency Medicine; Muslim Americans; cultural competency