title: Sclareol reduces CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg cells in a breast cancer model in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sclareol is a phytochemical used in people's diet in Southeast Asia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the immunotherapeutic effectiveness of Sclareol against breast cancer by direct intraperitoneal injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sclareol was isolated and purified from Salvia sclarea. Effect of Sclareol on cell growth inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay. Intraperitoneally injected Sclareol effects on reducing the tumor volume and shifting the cytokine profile were investigated. We also assessed if intraperitoneally injected Sclareol could improve the outcome of cancer therapy through suppressing the regulatory T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results confirmed a significant decrease in the tumor size. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the level of IL-4 and an increase in the level of IFN-γ were noticed in the intraperitoneally injected Sclareol group (p<0.05). It was also observed that the splenocytes of treated animals significantly increase in cell proliferation assay. Moreover, measurements of splenic T regulatory cell indicated that intraperitoneally injected Sclareol significantly decreased the number of splenic T regulatory cell.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that Sclareol, by reducing Treg cells frequency and also tumor size can enhance the effect of cancer therapy as an immuno-stimulant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, shnoori@sbmu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Shokoofe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noori
authors.forename: Zuhair Mohammad
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Salehian
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D020014:K562 Cells; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D027544:Salvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D004224:Diterpenes; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C070760:sclareol