title: Effects of the addition of t'ai chi to a dietary weight loss program on lipoprotein atherogenicity in obese older women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the additive effect of t'ai chi (TC) to diet education on the traditional coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and on emerging CHD risk factors (apolipoprotein B and LDL particle size) in older obese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ancillary study of a randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of Rhode Island.
  
  
  METHODS
  26 obese women (mean age±standard deviation, 61.5±6.0 years; mean body mass index, 34.3±4.0 kg/m(2)) were enrolled and randomly assigned to the diet education group (n=13) or the diet education plus TC group (n=13).
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants received 45 minutes of diet education per week. The diet education plus TC group also received 45 minutes of TC three times per week for 16 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometrics (height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference), clinical variables (blood pressure), and biochemical variables (standard lipid profile, apolipoprotein B, LDL particle size) were measured. The primary outcome was LDL-C, and the secondary outcomes were apolipoprotein B and LDL particle size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither LDL-C nor apolipoprotein B improved in either group. Percentage of large LDL particles after the intervention was increased in the diet education plus TC group compared with the diet education group. Weight, waist circumference, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in both groups from baseline to post-intervention. Triacylglycerol and dietary screening tool scores increased in both groups. Additional improvements were seen in the diet education plus TC group, including a significant increase in Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score from baseline to post-intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of TC to diet education is more effective than diet education alone at improving diet quality and emerging CHD risk factors, such as LDL particle size, in obese older women.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, R.I.
authors.forename: Nowen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beebe
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magnanti
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Katkowski
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Furong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Delmonico
authors.forename: Ingrid E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Lofgren
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D026302:Tai Ji; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL