title: The acidity of the tumor microenvironment is a mechanism of immune escape that can be overcome by proton pump inhibitors.
abstract: We have recently reported that lowering the pH to values that are frequently detected in tumors causes reversible anergy in both human and mouse CD8+T lymphocytes in vitro. The same occurs in vivo, in the tumor microenvironment and the administration of proton pump inhibitors, which buffer tumor acidity, can revert T-cell anergy and increase the efficacy of immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Cellular Immunology Unit; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellone
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calcinotto
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Filipazzi
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Milito
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fais
authors.forename: Licia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rivoltini
keywords: T cell; active immunotherapy; adoptive immunotherapy; anergy; melanoma; prostate cancer