title: Rhein lysinate increases the median survival time of SAMP10 mice: protective role in the kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effects of rhein lysinate (RHL), a major bioactive constituent of the rhizome of rhubarb (Rheum palmatum Linn or Rheum tanguticum Maxim), against kidney impairment in senescence-prone inbred strain 10 (SAMP10) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  SAMP10 mice were orally administered RHL (25 or 50 mg/kg) daily until 50% of the mice died. Senescence-resistant inbred strain 1 (SAMR1) mice administered no drug were taken as control. The kidneys were harvested after animal death, and examined morphologically and with immunochemical assays. The levels of MAD, SOD and GSH-px in the kidneys were measured with a photometric method. The expression of inflammatory factors and related proteins in the kidneys was analyzed using Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of SAMP10 mice with RHL had no effect on the body weight or phenotype. However, RHL significantly prolonged the median survival time of SAMP10 mice by approximately 25%, as compared to untreated SAMP10 mice. Compared SAMR1 mice, SAMP10 mice had a significantly lower level of SOD in the kidneys, but had no significant difference in the MDA or GSH-px levels. Treatment of SAMP10 mice with RHL significantly reduced the MAD level, and increased the SOD and GSH-px levels in the kidneys. Glomerulonephritis was observed in SAMP10 mice but not in SAMR1 mice. RHL decreased the incidence of glomerulonephritis, and significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, collagen types I and III in the kidneys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accelerated senescence is associated with glomerulonephritis in SAMP10 mice, and RHL prolongs their median survival time by reducing the severity of glomerulonephritis.
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yong-zhan
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Ya-jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D000880:Anthraquinones; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024061:Collagen Type III; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C110804:mycophenolic adenine dinucleotide; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; C020491:rhein