title: Incidence, survival and mortality rates of stage-specific bladder cancer in United States: a trend analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the overall and stage-specific age-adjusted incidence, 5-year survival and mortality rates of bladder cancer (BCa) in the United States, between 1973 and 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 148,315 BCa patients were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, between years 1973 and 2009. Incidence, mortality, and 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were calculated. Temporal trends were quantified using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and linear regression models. All analyses were stratified according to disease stage, and further examined according to sex, race, and age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence rate of BCa increased from 21.0 to 25.5/100,000 person-years between 1973 and 2009. Stage-specific analyses revealed an increase incidence for localized stage: 15.4-20.2 (EAPC: +0.5%, p < 0.001) and distant stage: 0.5-0.8 (EAPC: +0.7%, p = 0.001). Stage-specific 5-year survival rates increased for all stages, except for distant disease. No significant changes in mortality were recorded among localized (EAPC: -0.2%, p = 0.1) and regional stage (EAPC: -0.1%, p = 0.5). An increase in mortality rates was observed among distant stage (EAPC: +1.0%, p = 0.005). Significant variations in incidence and mortality were recorded when estimates were stratified according to sex, race, and age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Albeit statistically significant, virtually all changes in incidence and mortality were minor, and hardly of any clinical importance. Little or no change in BCa cancer control outcomes has been achieved during the study period.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, Canada. firas.abdollah@gmail.com
authors.forename: Firas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdollah
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gandaglia
authors.forename: Rodolphe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thuret
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmitges
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeldres
authors.forename: Niccolò Maria
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Passoni
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briganti
authors.forename: Shahrokh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shariat
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perrotte
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montorsi
authors.forename: Pierre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Karakiewicz
authors.forename: Maxine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology