title: Organochalcogen peroxidase mimetics as potential drugs: a long story of a promise still unfulfilled.
abstract: Organochalcogen compounds have attracted the interest of a multitude of studies to design potential therapeutic agents mimicking the peroxidase activity of selenium-based glutathione peroxidases (GPx's). Starting from the pioneering ebselen, various compounds have been synthesized over the years, which may be traced in three major classes of molecules: cyclic selenenyl amides, diaryl diselenides, and aromatic or aliphatic monoselenides. These compounds share common features and determinants needed to exert an efficient GPx-like activity, such as polarizing groups in close proximity to selenium and steric effects. Nonetheless, the reactivity of selenium, and tellurium as well, poses serious problems for the predictability of the biological effects of these compounds in vivo when used as potential drugs. These molecules, indeed, interfere with thiols of redox-regulated proteins and enzymes, leading to unexpected biological effects. The various chemical aspects of the reaction mechanism of peroxidase mimetics are surveyed here, focusing on experimental evidence and quantum mechanics calculations of organochalcogen representatives of the various classes.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: laura.orian@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orian
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: stefano.toppo@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toppo
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D054833:Isoindoles; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011789:Quantum Theory; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001393:Azoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C042986:ebselen; D010544:Peroxidases
keywords: Ebselen; Free radicals; Glutathione peroxidase; Organochalcogen compounds; Peroxidase mimetics; Quantum mechanics; Selenium