title: [Genetic alterations in MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and the generation, progression, diagnosis and therapy of thyroid cancer].
abstract: The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) and phoshoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways play a major role in regulating cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis, via transmission of cell signals to cell nucleus. The genes, coding the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling cascade proteins, are significantly mutated in thyroid cancer. Genetic alternations contribute to aberrant activations and interaction of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in consequence of malignant follicular cell transformation and progression. This review focuses mainly on the role of genetic alterations in coding MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway proteins in generation, progression and diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Moreover, it additionally points out a therapeutic potential in restoring iodine avidity of thyroid cancer cells for radionuclide targeted treatment, by synergistically inhibiting activity of signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Anren
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuang
mesh_terms: D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000235:genetics; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases