title: Pediatric internuclear ophthalmoplegia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a rare eye movement disorder in the pediatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review at a university-based tertiary referral ophthalmology practice from 2004 to 2012 to identify pediatric patients with INO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients with INO were identified. Etiologies included high-grade astrocytoma, perinantal hypoxia and neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage. One of our patients, a 2 year-old girl, is the youngest reported case of INO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While rare, INO in a pediatric patient requires a full neurologic evaluation and careful follow-up to assess eye position and potentially treat amblyopia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. jennifer.rizzo@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: O'Hara
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D010372:Pediatrics; D012189:Retrospective Studies