title: Simultaneous determination of opiates, methadone, buprenorphine and metabolites in human urine by superficially porous liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: For monitoring compliance of methadone or buprenorphine maintenance patient, a method for the simultaneous determination of methadone, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, opiates (morphine, codeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine) in urine by superficially porous liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. After enzyme digestion and liquid-liquid extraction, reverse-phase separation was achieved in 5.2 min and quantification was performed by multiple reaction monitoring. Chromatographic separation was performed at 40 °C on a reversed phase Poroshell column with gradient elution. The mobile phase consisted of water and methanol, each containing 0.1% formic acid, at a flow rate of 0.32 mL/min. Intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 12.1% and accuracy was between -9.8% and 13.7%. Extraction efficiencies were more than 68%. Although ion suppression was detected, deuterated internal standards compensated for these effects. Carryover was minimal, less than 0.20%. All analytes were stable at room temperature for 16 h, 4 °C for 72 h, and after three freeze-thaw cycles. The assay also fulfilled compound identification criteria in accordance with the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. We analyzed 62 urine samples from patients received maintenance therapy and found that 54.8% of the patient samples tested were detected for morphine, codeine, or 6-monoacetylmorphine. This method provides a reliable and simultaneous quantification of opiates, maintenance drugs, and their metabolites in urine samples. It facilitates the routine monitoring in individuals prescribed the drug to ensure compliance and help therapeutic process.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. rita0107@mail.tcu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Huei-Ru
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chin-Lun
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chieh-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shao-Tsu
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ahai-Chuang
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lua
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004355:Drug Stability; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D008691:Methadone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002047:Buprenorphine; D008691:Methadone