title: An oxygen pumping anode for electrowinning aluminium.
abstract: The chemical potential of oxygen ions at the novel oxygen pumping anode for electrowinning aluminum was manipulated by the electromotive forces to create thermodynamic stability. It is our anticipation that this newly designed anode can be applied to electrochemical metallurgy of other metals, such as the direct electrochemical reduction of TiO2 in the FFC process.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Nonferrous Metals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Pingmin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Craig E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Banks