title: The relationship between visceral fat thickness and bone mineral density in sedentary obese children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among adults, obesity has been positively related to bone mineral density. However, recent findings have pointed out that abdominal obesity could be negatively related to bone density. The above mentioned relationship is not clear among pediatric populations. Therefore, this cross-sectional study analyzed the relationship between thickness of abdominal adipose tissue and bone mineral variables in sedentary obese children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy five obese children and adolescents (83 male and 92 female) with ages ranging from 6 to 16 years-old were analyzed. Bone mineral content and density were estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound equipment which estimated the thickness of the abdominal adipose tissue. Pubertal stage was self-reported by the participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 11.1 (SD=2.6). Thickness of the abdominal adipose tissue was negatively related to bone mineral density (r=-0.17 [r95%CI: -0.03;-0.32]), independent of gender, pubertal stage and other confounders (β=-0.134±0.042 [β95%CI: -0.217; -0.050]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In sedentary obese children and adolescents abdominal obesity is negatively related to bone mineral density, suggesting a potential link between abdominal obesity and osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ismael Forte Freitas
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Júnior
authors.forename: Jefferson Rosa
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Diego G Destro
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Christofaro
authors.forename: Jamile Sanches
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Codogno
authors.forename: Augusto César Ferreira
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Rômulo Araújo
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011627:Puberty; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D014463:Ultrasonography