title: Assessment of mineral intake by kidney stone patients of Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh with respect to their gender, age and income.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the family history of stones and association of mineral intake with gender, age and income of kidney stone patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 130 kidney stone patients were selected randomly from Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh and family history of stones and mineral intake was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of selected patients, majority (80.77 %) were first time stone sufferers. There was significant (at 1 % level) association between family history of kidney stone patients with respect to gender of patients. Further study revealed that the intake of sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorous was higher than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Among male patients, the intake of sodium, calcium and magnesium was higher for age group III (above 45 y) and intake of potassium and phosphorous was higher for age group I. In female kidney stone patients, intake of sodium, calcium and phosphorous was high for age group II, intake of potassium was high in case of age group I and intake of magnesium was high for age group III. Regression studies revealed that there was significantly higher intake of calcium and phosphorous by male kidney stone patients than female kidney stone patients. With the increase in age, the intake of calcium and phosphorous decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of mineral intake is necessary to enable the health care providers, to give advice and suggestions to the patients to carry out preventive measures in reducing the risk of prevalence of kidney stones in this area and further advice to the suffering patients to prevent the recurrence of stone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, COHS, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, 176 062, HP, India, madhviawasthi84@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Madhvi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Malhotra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007194:India; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals