title: Gastroprotective activity of the ethanol extract from the inner bark of Caesalpinia pyramidalis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. (Fabaceae), known as "catingueira", has been used in folk medicine in the treatment of various disorders such as gastritis, heartburn, indigestion, and stomach ache. However, the gastroprotective properties of this species have not yet been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pyramidalis inner bark was used in rats via oral route, at the doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg. The antiulcer assays were performed using the ethanol- and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced ulcer models. Gastric secretion parameters (volume, pH, and total acidity) were also evaluated by the pylorus ligated model, and the mucus in the gastric content was determined. The anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of the ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pyramidalis was performed using the agar-well diffusion and broth microdilution methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ethanol extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) produced dose dependent inhibition (P<0.01) on the ulcer lesion index, the total lesion area, and the percentage of lesion area in the ethanol-induced ulcer model. The ethanol extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) also reduced (P<0.001) the ulcer index in the indomethacin-induced ulcer model. In the model ligature pylorus, the treatment with Caesalpinia pyramidalis ethanol extract failed to significantly change the gastric secretion parameters. However, after treatment with the ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pyramidalis (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in mucus production. The ethanol extract showed anti-Helicobacter pylori activity, with inhibition halos of 12.0 ± 1.7 mm at 10,000 μg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the ethanol extract were of 625 and 10,000 μg/mL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, the present results suggest that the ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pyramidalis displays gastroprotective actions, supporting the folkloric usage of the plant to treat various gastrointestinal disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Cidade Universitária, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Roseli S
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Polyana B F
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Estevam
authors.forename: Malone S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: Ricardo L C
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Albuquerque-Júnior
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Thomazzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029911:Caesalpinia; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol