title: Controllable low-temperature chemical vapor deposition growth and morphology dependent field emission property of SnO2 nanocone arrays with different morphologies.
abstract: Vertically aligned SnO2 nanocones with different morphologies have been directly grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates in a large area by heating a mixture of stannous chloride dihydrate (SnCl2·2H2O) and anhydrous zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at 600 °C in air. Control over the SnO2 nanocone arrays with different morphologies is achieved by adjusting the heat treatment time. The SnO2 nanocones are single crystalline with the tetragonal structure. A single-layer SnO2 nanoparticle film is first formed via the vapor-solid (VS) process due to the decentralization function of ZnCl2 vapor, and the SnO2 nanoparticles served as seeds and grew into nanocone arrays via the VS process. The sharp-tipped nanostructure formation may originate from a concentration gradient of reactant in the growth process. The as-obtained whiskerlike nanocone arrays exhibit enhanced field emission properties in comparison with typical nanoconelike structure arrays and other SnO2 nanostructured materials reported previously, and the turn-on field and field-enhancement factor is 1.19 V/μm and 3110, respectively. The experimental result is consistent with the Utsumi's relative figure of merit for pillar-shaped emitters.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xue-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Wei-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: He-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Yang