title: A case-control study of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborn infants at >36 weeks gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors that are associated with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study that included newborn infants with HIE who were admitted to the hospital between January 2001 and December 2008. Two control newborn infants were chosen for each case. Logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis that compared control infants and cases with grade 1 HIE and control infants and cases with grades 2 and 3 HIE was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred thirty-seven cases (newborn infants with grade 1 encephalopathy, 155; newborn infants with grade 2 encephalopathy, 61; newborn infants with grade 3 encephalopathy, 21) and 489 control infants were included. Variables that were associated independently with HIE included higher grade meconium, growth restriction, large head circumference, oligohydramnios, male sex, fetal bradycardia, maternal pyrexia and increased uterine contractility. CART analysis ranked high-grade meconium, oligohydramnios, and the presence of obstetric complications as the most discriminating variables and defined distinct risk groups with HIE rates that ranged from 0-86%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CART analysis provides information to help identify the time at which intervention in labor may be of benefit.
authors.affiliation: Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: bhayes@rotunda.ie.
authors.forename: Breda C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Cliona
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGarvey
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mulvany
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Geary
authors.forename: Tom G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Mary D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008470:Meconium; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000145:classification; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016104:Oligohydramnios; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: CART; hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; meconium; oligohydramnios; uterine contraction