title: Cyber bullying and internalizing difficulties: above and beyond the impact of traditional forms of bullying.
abstract: Although recent research has demonstrated significant links between involvement in cyber bullying and various internalizing difficulties, there exists debate as to whether these links are independent of involvement in more traditional forms of bullying. The present study systematically examined the association between involvement in cyber bullying, as either a victim or a bully, and both depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation. Self-report data were collected from 399 (57% female) Canadian adolescents in grades 8-10 (mean age = 14.2 years, SD = .91 years). Results indicated that involvement in cyber bullying, as either a victim or a bully, uniquely contributed to the prediction of both depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation, over and above the contribution of involvement in traditional forms of bullying (physical, verbal, relational). Given the ever increasing rate of accessibility to technology in both schools and homes, these finding underscore the importance of addressing cyber bullying, with respect to both research and intervention, as a unique phenomenon with equally unique challenges for students, parents, school administrators and researchers alike.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Learning, Dowling College, School of Education, 150 Idle Hour Blvd., Oakdale, NY 11769, USA. Bonannor@dowling.edu
authors.forename: Rina A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bonanno
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hymel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D019548:Crime Victims; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D059020:Suicidal Ideation