title: Trends in purchases and intake of foods and beverages containing caloric and low-calorie sweeteners over the last decade in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current food databases might not capture rapidly occurring changes in the food supply, such as the increased use of caloric (CS) and low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) in products.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We explored trends in purchases and intake of foods and beverages containing LCS, CS or both sweeteners over the last decade in the United States, as well as household and socioeconomic status (SES) predictors of these trends.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed household purchases from Homescan 2000-2010 (n = 140 352 households; 408 458 individuals) and dietary intake from National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2010 (n = 34 391 individuals). We estimated per capita purchases and intake (g or mL d(-1)) and percent of consumers of foods and beverages containing LCS, CS or both LCS + CS. We estimated change in purchases associated with SES and household composition using random-effects longitudinal models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2000 to 2010, percent of households purchasing CS products decreased, whereas that for LCS and LCS + CS products increased among all types of households and particularly among those with children. African-American, Hispanic and households with children had a higher % CS beverage purchases (+9, +4 and +3%, respectively, P < 0.001) and lower % LCS beverage purchases (-12, -5 and -2%, respectively, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During a period of declining purchases and consumption of CS products, we have documented an increasing trend in products that contain LCS and a previously unexplored trend in products with both LCS and CS, especially important among households with children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piernas
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Popkin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001628:Beverages; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004435:Eating; D004467:Economics / Q000639:trends*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D013549:Sweetening Agents
keywords: Beverages; caloric sweeteners; low-calorie sweeteners; trends