title: [Lipid Tetrad Index (LTI) and Lipid Pentad Index (LPI) in healthy subjects].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased steadily in recent years. Literature data show that about 35% of atherosclerotic events occur in the absence of classic risk factors, requiring a broader assessment of the individual to better characterize the risk. Lipid Tetrad Index (LTI) and Lipid Pentad Index (LPI) constitute a new and efficient evaluation of the lipid profile and CVD risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed LTI and LPI in undergraduate students, seeking to establish the parameters of these indices in healthy subjects and correlate them with the conventional lipid profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 110 students, 48 (44%) males and 62 (56%) females, mean age 20.9 ± 1.7. Apolipoprotein-AI, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were assessed, using specific diagnostic methods. LTI and LPI indices were calculated using the equations LTI = [total cholesterol x triglycerides x lipoprotein(a) / HDL] and LPI = [total cholesterol x triglycerides x lipoprotein(a) x apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein-AI], respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LTI and LPI values were significantly higher in females compared to males. As for the other parameters, there were significant differences between males and females only regarding total cholesterol, HDL and apolipoprotein-AI. There were significant and positive correlations between LDL and LTI and between LDL and LPI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate that both LTI and LPI were associated with LDL, a parameter not used to calculate lipid indices and widely used in clinical practice for cardiovascular risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Charles Augusto Dos Santos
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Samuel Henrique Vieira
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Luciana Moreira
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol