title: Adipose tissue expression of adipose (WDTC1) gene is associated with lower fat mass and enhanced insulin sensitivity in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The overexpression of the adipose gene (adp/WDTC1) in mice inhibits lipid accumulation and improves the metabolic profile. Subcutaneous fat adp expression in humans and its relation to metabolic parameters was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Abdominal subcutaneous fat adp expression, insulin sensitivity (clamp), and respiratory quotient (RQ; indirect calorimetry) were assessed in: 36 obese and 56 BMI-, race-, and sex-matched type 2 diabetic volunteers (Look AHEAD Adipose Ancillary Study); 37 nondiabetic Pima Indians including obese (n = 18) and nonobese (n = 19) subjects and; 62 nonobese nondiabetic subjects at the Pennington Center in the ADAPT study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Look AHEAD Study, adp expression normalized for cyclophilin B was higher in males versus females (1.27 ± 0.06 vs. 1.11 ± 0.04; P < 0.01) but not after controlling for body fat. Adp expression was not influenced by the presence of diabetes but was related to body fat (r = -0.23; P = 0.03), insulin sensitivity (r = 0.23; P = 0.03) and fasting/insulin-stimulated RQ (r = 0.31 and 0.33; P < 0.01). In Pima Indians, adp expression was also higher in males versus females (1.00 ± 0.05 vs. 0.77 ± 0.05; P = 0.02) and higher in nonobese versus obese (1.02 ± 0.05 vs. 0.80 ± 0.06; P = 0.03). In the ADAPT study, there was no difference in adp expression between males and females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with animal studies, our results suggest that high adp expression in human adipose tissue is associated with lower adiposity and enhanced glucose utilization.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, USA; Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism. School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Jose E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Galgani
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Jeanine B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Albu
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krakoff
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ravussin
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D013851:Thinness / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose