title: Two RxLR avirulence genes in Phytophthora sojae determine soybean Rps1k-mediated disease resistance.
abstract: Resistance to Phytophthora sojae (Rps) genes have been widely used in soybean against root and stem rot diseases caused by this oomycete. Among 15 known soybean Rps genes, Rps1k has been the most widely used in the past four decades. Here, we show that the products of two distinct but closely linked RxLR effector genes are detected by Rps1k-containing plants, resulting in disease resistance. One of the genes is Avr1b-1, that confers avirulence in the presence of Rps1b. Three lines of evidence, including overexpression and gene silencing of Avr1b-1 in stable P. sojae transformants, as well as transient expression of this gene in soybean, indicated that Avr1b could trigger an Rps1k-mediated defense response. Some isolates of P. sojae that do not express Avr1b are nevertheless unable to infect Rps1k plants. In those isolates, we identified a second RxLR effector gene (designated Avr1k), located 5 kb away from Avr1b-1. Silencing or overexpression of Avr1k in P. sojae stable transformants resulted in the loss or gain, respectively, of the avirulence phenotype in the presence of Rps1k. Only isolates of P. sojae with mutant alleles of both Avr1b-1 and Avr1k could evade perception by the soybean plants carrying Rps1k.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Tianqiao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Shiv D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.forename: Felipe D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Arredondo
authors.forename: Danyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuren
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yuanchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Daolong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: Brett M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Tyler
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016923:Cell Death; D060467:Disease Resistance; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020868:Gene Silencing; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005838:Genotype; D018546:Hypocotyl / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D036226:Seedlings / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D013025:Glycine max / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors