title: Exercise blood pressure and heart rate reference values.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Besides their prognostic impact blood pressure and peak heart rate are widely used endpoint parameters for incremental exercise tests. Reference equations and ranges on both are sparse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to describe prediction equations and reference ranges for systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as for peak heart rate assessed during a symptom limited incremental exercise test based on a population based study--the Study of Health in Pomerania.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, 1708 individuals aged 25-85 years underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exclusion of subjects with cardiopulmonary diseases and antihypertensive medications regression analyses revealed age, sex and body mass index as statistically significant interfering factors. In accordance, prediction equations and reference ranges for blood pressure and peak heart rate with respect to sex, age and BMI have been established.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides a reliable set of prediction equations for blood pressure and heart rate values at peak exercise, assessed in a general population over a wide age range.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty of the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Department of Internal Medicine B--Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany. glaeser.sven@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gläser
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schäper
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Völzke
authors.forename: Stephan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Empen
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hannemann
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ewert
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dörr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Blood pressure; Exercise; Heart rate; Reference values