title: Roles and strategies of state organizations related to school-based physical education and physical activity policies.
abstract: School-based physical education (PE) and physical activity (PA) policies can improve PA levels of students and promote health. Studies of policy implementation, communication, monitoring, enforcement, and evaluation are lacking. To describe how states implement, communicate, monitor, enforce, and evaluate key school-based PE and PA policies, researchers interviewed 24 key informants from state-level organizations in 9 states, including representatives from state departments of health and education, state boards of education, and advocacy/professional organizations. These states educate 27% of the US student population. Key informants described their organizations' roles in addressing 14 school-based PE and PA state laws and regulations identified by the Bridging the Gap research program and the National Cancer Institute's Classification of Laws Associated with School Students (C.L.A.S.S.) system. On average, states had 4 of 14 school-based PE and PA laws and regulations, and more than one-half of respondents reported different policies in practice besides the "on the books" laws. Respondents more often reported roles implementing and communicating policies compared with monitoring, enforcing, and evaluating them. Implementation and communication strategies used included training, technical assistance, and written communication of policy to local education agency administrators and teachers. State-level organizations have varying roles in addressing school-based PE and PA policies. Opportunities exist to focus state-level efforts on compliance with existing laws and regulations and evaluation of their impact.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Prevention Research Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. acradock@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Angie L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cradock
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carnoske
authors.forename: Jamie F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chriqui
authors.forename: Kelly R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Evenson
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gustat
authors.forename: Isobel B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: Katie M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Stephenie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lemon
authors.forename: Nancy Oʼhara
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Tompkins
authors.forename: Hannah L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Zieff
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D003625:Data Collection; D015444:Exercise; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016730:Program Development; D012574:Schools / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013219:State Government; D014481:United States