title: Evaluation of novel disposable, light-weight radiation protection devices in an interventional radiology setting: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiation exposure to interventionalists is increasing. The currently available standard radiation protection devices are heavy and do not protect the head of the operator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and comfort of caps and thyroid collars made of a disposable, light-weight, lead-free material (XPF) for occupational radiation protection in a clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Up to two interventional operators were randomized to wear a XPF or standard 0.5-mm lead-equivalent thyroid collars in 60 consecutive endovascular procedures requiring fluoroscopy. Simultaneously a XPF cap was worn by all operators. Radiation doses were measured using dosimeters placed outside and underneath the caps and thyroid collars. Wearing comfort was assessed at the end of each procedure on a visual analog scale (0-100 [100 = optimal]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient and procedure data did not differ between the XPF and standard protection groups. The cumulative radiation dose measured outside the cap was 15,700 μSv and outside the thyroid collars 21,240 μSv. Measured radiation attenuation provided by the XPF caps (n = 70), XPF thyroid collars (n = 40), and standard thyroid collars (n = 38) was 85.4% ± 25.6%, 79.7% ± 25.8% and 71.9% ± 34.2%, respectively (mean difference XPF vs standard thyroid collars, 7.8% [95% CI, -5.9% to 21.6%]; p = 0.258). The median XPF cap weight was 144 g (interquartile range, 128-170 g), and the XPF thyroid collars were 27% lighter than the standard thyroid collars (p < 0.0001). Operators rated the comfort of all devices as high (mean scores for XPF caps and XPF thyroid collars 83.4 ± 12.7 (SD) and 88.5 ± 14.6, respectively; mean scores for standard thyroid collars 89.6 ± 9.9) (p = 0.648).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Light-weight disposable caps and thyroid collars made of XPF were assessed as being comfortable to wear, and they provide radiation protection similar to that of standard 0.5-mm lead-equivalent thyroid collars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Baptist Cardiac and Vascular Institute, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, FL 33176, USA. UthoffH@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uthoff
authors.forename: Constantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Benenati
authors.forename: Barry T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Katzen
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011482:Protective Devices; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric