title: Agreement between ICU clinicians and electrophysiology cardiologists on the decision to initiate a QTc-interval prolonging medication in critically ill patients with potential risk factors for torsade de pointes: a comparative, case-based evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure concordance between different intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians and a consensus group of electrophysiology (EP) cardiologists for use of a common rate-corrected QT interval (QTc)-prolonging medication in cases containing different potential risk factor(s) for torsade de pointes (TdP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-based evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center with 320 beds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical house staff (MDs) and ICU nurses (RNs) from one center and select critical care pharmacists (PHs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Completion of a survey containing 10 hypothetical ICU cases in which patients had agitated delirium for which a psychiatrist recommended intravenous haloperidol 5 mg every 6 hours. Each case contained different potential risk factor(s) for TdP in specific combinations. A group of five EP cardiologists agreed that haloperidol use was safe in five cases and not safe in five cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each case, participants were asked to document whether they would administer haloperidol, to provide a rationale for their decision, and to state their level of confidence in that decision. Most clinicians (92 of 115 [80%]) invited to participate completed the cases. Among the five cases where EP cardiologists agreed that haloperidol was not safe, 29% of respondents felt that haloperidol was safe. Conversely, in the five cases where EP cardiologists felt haloperidol was safe, 21% of respondents believed that it was not safe. Overall respondent-EP cardiologist agreement for haloperidol use across the 10 cases was moderate (κ = 0.51). MDs and PHs were in agreement with the EP cardiologists more than RNs (p=0.03). Interprofessional variability existed for the TdP risk factors each best identified. Clinician confidence correlated with EP cardiologist concordance for MDs (p=0.002) and PHs (p=0.0002), but not for RNs (p=0.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When evaluating use of a QTc interval-prolonging medication, ICU clinicians often fail to identify the TdP risk factors that EP cardiologists feel should prevent its use. Clinician-EP cardiologist concordance varies by the specific risk factor(s) for TdP and the ICU professional conducting the assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fongemie
authors.forename: Nada S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Al-Qadheeb
authors.forename: N A Mark
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: Russel J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Yutthapong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Temtanakitpaisan
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruthazer
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Devlin
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016638:Critical Illness; D003657:Decision Making; D003693:Delirium / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D016171:Torsades de Pointes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006220:Haloperidol