title: Observance of hand washing procedures performed by the medical personnel before patient contact. Part I.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, medical staff are obliged to decontaminate the skin of the hands before every single patient contact.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed by quasi-observation among the group of 188 medical staff (nurses and physicians) working in three selected hospitals of the Łódź province. The procedure of hand washing and disinfection performed directly before the patient contact according to the CDC and WHO recommendations were observed. The results was subject to statistical analysis (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 1544 hours of observation 4101 activities requiring hand washing were recorded. The medical staff obeyed the hand washing procedure before the patient contact only in 5.2% of the situations. There was no activity observed before which hand hygiene was maintained in 100% of cases. Observance of hand hygiene depended significantly on the type of the performed activity, the professional group, and the workload index. A decrease in percentage observance of hand hygiene according to the time of the day was found to be of statistical significance. The mean time of hand washing was 8.5 s for physicians and 6.6 s for nurses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of observance of hand washing procedures among the medical staff prior to the patient contact appears to be alarmingly below the expectations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland. anna.garus-pakowska@umed.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garus-Pakowska
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sobala
authors.forename: Franciszek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Szatko
mesh_terms: D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000592:standards*; D063373:Hand Hygiene / Q000592:standards*; D006282:Health Personnel; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017053:Infection Control / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology