title: Concurrent measurements of change in the bark and xylem diameters of trees reveal a phloem-generated turgor signal.
abstract: · Currently, phloem transport in plants under field conditions is not well understood. This is largely the result of the lack of techniques suitable for the measurement of the physiological properties of phloem. · We present a model that interprets the changes in xylem diameter and live bark thickness and separates the components responsible for such changes. We test the predictions from this model on data from three mature Scots pine trees in Finland. The model separates the live bark thickness variations caused by bark water capacitance from a residual signal interpreted to indicate the turgor changes in the bark. · The predictions from the model are consistent with processes related to phloem transport. At the diurnal scale, this signal is related to patterns of photosynthetic activity and phloem loading. At the seasonal scale, bark turgor showed rapid changes during two droughts and after two rainfall events, consistent with physiological predictions. Daily cumulative totals of this turgor term were related to daily cumulative totals of canopy photosynthesis. Finally, the model parameter representing radial hydraulic conductance between phloem and xylem showed a temperature dependence consistent with the temperature-driven changes in water viscosity. · We propose that this model has potential for the continuous field monitoring of tree phloem function.
authors.affiliation: School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK.|ICREA at CREAF, Edifici C, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mencuccini
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: Teemu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hölttä
authors.affiliation: Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, 87545-0001, USA.
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sevanto
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nikinmaa
mesh_terms: D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005387:Finland; D008954:Models, Biological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D052585:Phloem / Q000502:physiology*; D028223:Pinus / Q000502:physiology*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D018526:Plant Transpiration / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014197:Trees / Q000502:physiology*; D052584:Xylem / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*