title: Soybean β-conglycinin induces inflammation and oxidation and causes dysfunction of intestinal digestion and absorption in fish.
abstract: β-Conglycinin has been identified as one of the major feed allergens. However, studies of β-conglycinin on fish are scarce. This study investigated the effects of β-conglycinin on the growth, digestive and absorptive ability, inflammatory response, oxidative status and gene expression of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) in vivo and their enterocytes in vitro. The results indicated that the specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake, and feed efficiency were reduced by β-conglycinin. In addition, activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, creatine kinase, Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase in the intestine showed similar tendencies. The protein content of the hepatopancreas and intestines, and the weight and length of the intestines were all reduced by β-conglycinin. β-Conglycinin increased lipid and protein oxidation in the detected tissues and cells. However, β-conglycinin decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and glutathione (GSH) content in the intestine and enterocytes. Similar antioxidant activity in the hepatopancreas was observed, except for GST. The expression of target of rapamycin (TOR) gene was reduced by β-conglycinin. Furthermore, mRNA levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) genes were increased by β-conglycinin. However, β-conglycinin increased CuZnSOD, MnSOD, CAT, and GPx1b gene expression. In conclusion, this study indicates that β-conglycinin induces inflammation and oxidation, and causes dysfunction of intestinal digestion and absorption in fish, and finally reduces fish growth. The results of this study provide some information to the mechanism of β-conglycinin-induced negative effects.
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Xiu
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lin-Ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Wei-Dan
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Sheng-Yao
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shu-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiu
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005916:Globulins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D055314:Seed Storage Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D052179:Antigens, Plant; D016207:Cytokines; D005916:Globulins; D055314:Seed Storage Proteins; D030262:Soybean Proteins; C013894:beta-conglycinin protein, Glycine max; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D005978:Glutathione