title: Impaired endothelial function in female adolescents with type 1 diabetes measured by peripheral artery tonometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reactive hyperemia peripheral artery tonometry (RH-PAT) is a newly developed method for non-invasive endothelial function assessment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study is to determine whether a significant difference in RH-PAT score is present between adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in comparison with controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four adolescents with T1D and 25 control subjects (age 12-20 years) underwent RH-PAT endothelial function testing after an overnight fast. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), fasting lipid profile, Tanner stage, and glucose level were determined in each child.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents with T1D had significantly lower RH-PAT scores compared to healthy controls, and this difference remained significant when overweight cases were not considered (p < 0.05). This difference was also observed in the female subgroup (p = 0.005). The interindividual variability in RH-PAT observations in T1D cases was not explained by BMI standard deviation score (SDS), BP SDS, age, duration of T1D, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and pubertal stage, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RH-PAT technique is used as a non-invasive test to assess for early vascular changes in high-risk patient groups. Endothelial dysfunction, measured by RH-PAT, was present in diabetic adolescent, especially in the female subgroup. Although additional longitudinal studies are required, early detection of this reversible process may have therapeutic and prognostic implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Leuven, KULeuven, Herestraat-49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Aagje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pareyn
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Allegaert
authors.forename: Willeke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Asscherickx
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peirsman
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verhamme
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Casteels
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin