title: Source discrimination of heavy metals in sediment and water of To Lich River in Hanoi City using multivariate statistical approaches.
abstract: The concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, and Cd were determined to evaluate the level of contamination of To Lich River in Hanoi City. All metal concentrations in 0-10-cm water samples, except Mn, were lower than the maximum permitted concentration for irrigation water standard. Meanwhile, concentrations of As, Cd, and Zn in 0-30-cm sediments were likely to have adverse effects on agriculture and aquatic life. Sediment pollution assessment was undertaken using enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index (I geo). The I geo results indicated that the sediment was not polluted with Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni, and the pollution level increased in the order of Cu < Pb < Zn < As < Cd. Meanwhile, significant enrichment was shown for Cd, As, Zn, and Pb. Cluster and principal component analyses suggest that As and Mn in sediment were derived from both lithogenic and anthropogenic sources, while Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Ni originated from anthropogenic sources such as vehicular fumes for Pb and metallic discharge from industrial sources and fertilizer application for other metals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Risk Analysis, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 615-8540, C1-3-468, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura 4, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan. ngthuong.ntt@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nguyen Thi
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Thuong
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Maiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takakura
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014744:Vietnam; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical