title: Falls prevention advice and visual feedback to those at risk of falling: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have shown that functional strength and balance exercises can reduce the risk of falling in older people if they are done on a regular basis. However, the repetitive nature of these exercises; combined with the inherent lack of feedback of progress may discourage seniors from exercising in the home, thereby rendering such an intervention ineffective. This study hypothesizes that the use of visual feedback and multimodal games will be more effective in encouraging adherence to home rehabilitation than standard care; thereby promoting independence and improving the quality of life in older adults at risk of falling.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel-group pilot randomized controlled trial with 3 groups of participants will be conducted in the home for 12 weeks. Participants will include older adults who have been identified as at risk of falling (n = 48), over the age of 65, living in the community, and suitable for a home exercise intervention. The primary outcome is adherence to exercise. Secondary outcomes include: variability in stride length, stride time and double support time (DST); walking speed; Timed up and go test (TUG); Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I); CONFbal scale; Romberg's test; and quality of life measures (SF-12 and EuroQol EQ-5D). Qualitative assessments on personal experiences with rehabilitation tools will be done before and after the trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study will investigate the use of visual feedback and engaging multimodal activities to address the problem of non-compliance to home exercises for falls rehabilitation. One of the unique qualities of this study is the adaptation of special participatory design methods through which the end users (fallers) will be involved in the design of the proposed rehabilitation tools at various stages of the design process.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN79967470.
authors.affiliation: Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom. stephen.uzor@gcu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uzor
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baillie
authors.forename: Dawn A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Skelton
authors.forename: Phillip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rowe
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D056228:Feedback, Sensory; D005684:Gait; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010174:Pamphlets; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010865:Pilot Projects; D004856:Postural Balance; D011788:Quality of Life; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom; D018910:Video Games; D014796:Visual Perception; D016138:Walking