title: Enhancement of osteosarcoma cell sensitivity to cisplatin using paclitaxel in the presence of hyperthermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of a combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin on osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines in the presence of hyperthermia and to investigate the related mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two types of OS cell lines (OS732 and MG63) were treated with paclitaxel and cisplatin in the presence of hyperthermia. The survival rate was measured by MTT assay, and the clonogenic rate was measured by a clonogenic assay. The cellular changes were observed with an inverted phase contrast microscope and a fluorescence microscope. The apoptotic effect was analysed with flow cytometry (FCM). Fas expression by the OS cell lines was measured by western blot. Fas expression in OS tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study indicated that 1 h after the application of a combination of 10 μg/mL paclitaxel and 5 μg/mL cisplatin to OS cells at 43 °C, the survival rate of the OS cells was 11.96%, which was significantly lower than when either 10 μg/mL paclitaxel (45.02%) or 5 μg/mL cisplatin (48.69%) was applied alone (p < 0.01). Additionally, the clonogenic assay demonstrated that the clonogenic survival rate in the OS cells of the combination group was lower than that in the individual groups. Moreover, the cellular changes and apoptosis rates indicated that apoptosis in the combined application group was much greater than when either drug was applied individually. Fas expression by OS cell lines was increased by the combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin under hyperthermic conditions. More importantly, our study revealed low Fas expression in OS, which better explained the up-regulation of Fas achieved by the combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin in the presence of hyperthermia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin increases the effects of thermochemotherapy on OS cell lines, primarily through the induction of apoptosis by the up-regulation of Fas expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. huangtao@mail.cmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Xiucheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chunping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Guangjian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xuhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dianpeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019014:fas Receptor; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin