title: Different treatment protocols for different pulpal and periapical diagnoses of 72 cracked teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment plan for cracked teeth depends on the extent of the crack. A tooth with an extensive crack of long duration may be more likely to require root canal treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of cracked teeth and to assess the outcome of different treatment protocols depending on the pulpal and periapical diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two of 476 crown-restored teeth were diagnosed as cracked teeth. The location of the cracked teeth, age and sex of the patients, restoration materials, a diagnosis of pulp and apex, and the periodontal probing depth were analyzed. Cracked teeth were treated by different treatment protocols depending on the pulpal and periapical diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mandibular first molars (27.8%) were the most frequently involved teeth followed by maxillary first molars (25%), maxillary second molars (22.2%), and mandibular second molars (19.4%). The most frequently involved ages were 40-49 and 50-59 years. Cracks occurred mainly in nonbonded restorations such as gold (26.4%) and amalgam (12.5%), and 48.6% of cracks were found in intact teeth. In this study, 60 teeth (83.3%) were treated with root canal treatment before being restored with a permanent crown, and only 12 teeth (16.7%) remained vital and were restored with a permanent crown without root canal treatment. The proportion of teeth treated with root canal treatment increased along with a deep periodontal probing depth corresponding to the crack. The prognosis was less favorable in cracked teeth with a deep probing depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the proportion of root canal treatment in the cracked teeth was higher than other studies. Many patients are referred to an endodontist in a university hospital after a long time has passed since the symptom started. Early recognition can help to avoid the propagation of a crack into the pulp chamber or subgingival level. Furthermore, it is important to investigate factors related to cracked teeth and develop different treatment protocols for different pulpal and periapical diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Dental Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sin-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Su-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Gyung-Ok
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003387:Cracked Tooth Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003442:Crowns; D003789:Dental Pulp Exposure / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D003807:Dentin Sensitivity / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012390:Root Canal Therapy; D055815:Young Adult