title: Development and use of the generic WHO/CDC logic model for vitamin and mineral interventions in public health programmes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nutrition interventions are critical to achieve the Millennium Development Goals; among them, micronutrient interventions are considered cost-effective and programmatically feasible to scale up, but there are limited tools to communicate the programme components and their relationships. The WHO/CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) logic model for micronutrient interventions in public health programmes is a useful resource for planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of these interventions, which depicts the programme theory and expected relationships between inputs and expected Millennium Development Goals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model was developed by applying principles of programme evaluation, public health nutrition theory and programmatic expertise. The multifaceted and iterative structure validation included feedback from potential users and adaptation by national stakeholders involved in public health programmes' design and implementation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to the inputs, main activity domains identified as essential for programme development, implementation and performance include: (i) policy; (ii) products and supply; (iii) delivery systems; (iv) quality control; and (v) behaviour change communication. Outputs encompass the access to and coverage of interventions. Outcomes include knowledge and appropriate use of the intervention, as well as effects on micronutrient intake, nutritional status and health of target populations, for ultimate achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The WHO/CDC logic model simplifies the process of developing a logic model by providing a tool that has identified high-priority areas and concepts that apply to virtually all public health micronutrient interventions. Countries can adapt it to their context in order to support programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation for the successful scale-up of nutrition interventions in public health.
authors.affiliation: 1 Evidence and Programme Guidance, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Luz Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: De-Regil
authors.affiliation: 1 Evidence and Programme Guidance, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Peña-Rosas
authors.affiliation: 2 International Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control Program (IMMPaCt), Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway MS K-25, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flores-Ayala
authors.affiliation: 2 International Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control Program (IMMPaCt), Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway MS K-25, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: del Socorro Jefferds
mesh_terms: D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009313:National Health Programs; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D016730:Program Development; D011634:Public Health; D011635:Public Health Administration; D014481:United States; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins