title: Rosmarinus officinalis extract suppresses Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory responses.
abstract: Propionibacterium acnes is a key pathogen involved in the progression of acne inflammation. The development of a new agent possessing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity against P. acnes is therefore of interest. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on P. acnes-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that ethanolic rosemary extract (ERE) significantly suppressed the secretion and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in P. acnes-stimulated monocytic THP-1 cells. In an in vivo mouse model, concomitant intradermal injection of ERE attenuated the P. acnes-induced ear swelling and granulomatous inflammation. Since ERE suppressed the P. acnes-induced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, the suppressive effect of ERE might be due, at least partially, to diminished NF-κB activation and TLR2-mediated signaling pathways. Furthermore, three major constituents of ERE, carnosol, carnosic acid, and rosmarinic acid, exerted different immumodulatory activities in vitro. In brief, rosmarinic acid significantly suppressed IL-8 production, while the other two compounds inhibited IL-1β production. Further study is needed to explore the role of bioactive compounds of rosemary in mitigation of P. acnes-induced inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Lu-Te
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Tsung-Jung
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.forename: Yau-Rong
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Liing
authors.forename: Wei-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Po-Jung
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053630:Depsides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002934:Cinnamates; D016207:Cytokines; D053630:Depsides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C068623:carnosol; C018381:salvin