title: Metabolic consequences of the early onset of obesity in common marmoset monkeys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The common marmoset as a model of early obesity was assessed. The hypotheses that juvenile marmosets with excess adipose tissue will display higher fasting glucose, decreased insulin sensitivity, and decreased ability to clear glucose from the blood stream were tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal and obese (body fat > 14%) common marmoset infants (N = 39) were followed up from birth until 1 year. Body fat was measured by quantitative magnetic resonance. Circulating glucose was measured by glucometer and insulin, adiponectin, and leptin by commercial assays. The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; a measure of insulin sensitivity) was calculated for subjects with fasting glucose and insulin measures. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were conducted at 12 months on 35 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 months, obese subjects already had significantly lower insulin sensitivity (mean QUICKI = 0.378 ± 0.029 vs. 0.525 ± 0.019, N = 11, P = 0.003). By 12 months, obese subjects also had higher fasting glucose (129.3 ± 9.1 mg/dL vs. 106.1 ± 6.5 mg/dL, P = 0.042), and circulating adiponectin tended to be lower (P = 0.057). Leptin was associated with percent body fat; however, birth weight also influenced circulating leptin. The OGTT results demonstrated that obese animals had a decreased ability to clear glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early-onset obesity in marmosets results in impaired glucose homeostasis by 1 year.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Laboratory, Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Research Department, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: Corinna N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulkin
authors.forename: Toni E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Suzette D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Tardif
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D002144:Callithrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin