title: Ethnic differences in the number of miscarriages, number of children, perceived family support and the impact of the disease on daily living in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Our aim was to test for ethnic differences in the number of children, number of miscarriages, family support and the impact of the disease on daily living among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients with SLE (n = 54) who attended two hospitals in Essex, UK, were asked to complete a semi-structured, validated questionnaire. The number of children and the number of miscarriages were reported numerically. The level of family support and the impact of the disease on daily living were reported using 10 cm visual analogue scales (VAS) in which 10 cm represented the maximum support and worst effect on daily living, respectively. There were 20 Caucasian, 22 Asian and 12 African/Afro-Caribbean patients. There were 50 females and four males. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 45.9 ± 12.2 years, and the mean ± SD age at disease onset was 35.6 ± 11.1 years. Overall, 34/50 female patients (68 %) reported having children of their own, while 17/50 female patients (34 %) reported one or more miscarriages. The miscarriages were mostly reported by Caucasian patients (45 % versus 18.1 % for Asian and 33.3 % for African/Afro-Caribbean patients; P < 0.05). All of the groups received support from their families (90.7 % overall), but the level of support was greater for Caucasian (mean ± SD VAS, 6.6 ± 3.4 cm) than for Asian (5.4 ± 3.9 cm) and African/Afro-Caribbean (5.4 ± 4.9 cm) patients (P = 0.06). More than half of the patients (53.7 %) reported a severe impact of SLE on daily living, while 13 % reported a moderate impact, 22.2 % reported a mild impact and 11.1 % reported no impact. The impact of SLE on daily living was significantly worse for African/Afro-Caribbean patients compared with Asian patients (P < 0.05). Overall, one in two patients with SLE reported having children of their own, while one in three patients reported having at least one miscarriage. Ninety percent of the patients received family support for their disease. Miscarriages and family support were more frequently reported by Caucasian patients. Asian patients had more children and experienced fewer miscarriages, while African/Afro-Caribbean patients reported a worse impact of the disease on daily living compared with the other ethnic groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, King George Hospital, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Barley Lanes, Ilford, Goodmayes, Essex, IG3 8YB, UK. thaliaroussou@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roussou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weerakoon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iacovou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D044383:Black People; D005006:Ethnicity; D005190:Family; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D044465:White People