title: Stimulating whole saliva affects the response of antimicrobial proteins to exercise.
abstract: This study investigated the salivary secretion rates of antimicrobial proteins in response to prolonged, exhaustive exercise in both stimulated (STIM) and unstimulated (UNSTIM) saliva flow sample methods. Twenty-four trained men cycled for 2.5 h at 60% V̇O₂max and then to exhaustion at 75% V̇O₂max. Timed collections of whole saliva were made before exercise, mid-exercise, at the end of the moderate exercise bout and post-exhaustive exercise. After each UNSTIM collection, a STIM sample was collected following chewing flavored gum for 1 min. Saliva was analysed for lysozyme, α-amylase and salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), and secretion rates were calculated. Saliva flow was 156% higher in STIM compared with UNSTIM (P < 0.001) and decreased with exercise in STIM only (P < 0.001). Exercise increased lysozyme and α-amylase levels and secretion rates were 144% higher and 152% higher in STIM compared with UNSTIM for lysozyme and α-amylase, respectively (all P < 0.001). S-IgA concentration (P < 0.05) and secretion rate (P < 0.001) increased with exercise but were both lower in STIM compared with UNSTIM (P < 0.001). In conclusion, a STIM saliva flow collection during exercise by chewing flavored gum increased the quantity of saliva and the secretion of lysozyme and α-amylase, but had a limited impact on the secretion of s-IgA.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, London, UK.|School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Allgrove
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gleeson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: chewing; cycling; immunogloblulin A; lysozyme; α-amylase