title: Efficacy of reciprocating and rotary techniques for removing filling material during root canal retreatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of reciprocating and rotary techniques with that of hand files for removing gutta-percha and sealer from root canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The root canals of fifty-four human extracted maxillary central incisors were cleaned and shaped using a crown-down technique to a size 40 and filled with gutta-percha and a zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer using a lateral compaction technique. Teeth were divided into three groups according to the technique used for removing the root filling material: group I - Gates-Glidden burs and stainless steel hand files up to size 50; group II - rotary technique with NiTi Mtwo R files and additional Mtwo files to size 50, 0.04 taper; group III - reciprocating technique with the Reciproc instrument R50, size 50, 0.05 taper. Chloroform was used as a solvent in all groups. Teeth were then split longitudinally and photographed under 8× magnification. The images were transferred to a computer, and the total canal space and remaining filling material were quantified. The ratio of remaining filling material to root canal periphery was computed with the aid of Image Tool 3.0 software. The mean percentages of remaining filling material and time required to remove it were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean percentage of remaining filling material was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group II, with Mtwo rotary files (12.17%), than in group I, with the hand file technique (7.19%), and group III, with Reciproc instruments (4.57%), which were statistically similar (P > 0.05). The time required to remove filling material was significantly shorter (P < 0.05) in group III (194 s), followed by group II (365 s) and group I (725 s) (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remaining endodontic filling material was observed on the canal walls of all teeth regardless of the technique used. Hand files combined with Gates-Glidden burs (group I) and the reciprocating technique (group III) removed more filling material from the canal walls than the Mtwo R files. The reciprocating technique was the most rapid method for removing gutta-percha and sealer, followed by the rotary technique and the hand file technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zuolo
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zuolo
authors.forename: C E S
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bueno
mesh_terms: D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha
keywords: Reciproc files; nickel-titanium; reciprocating motion; root canal retreatment; rotary instruments