title: Nasolabial dimensions of the facial profile at 20 to 37 weeks' gestation on 2- and 3-dimensional sonography in normal Korean fetuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate normal nasolabial dimensions using the images of facial profiles in normal Korean fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study of 355 normal fetuses at 14 to 39 weeks' gestation. After the exclusion of inadequate images and inadequate numbers of fetuses at 14 to 19 and 37 to 39 weeks' gestation, the sonographic facial profiles from 222 fetuses at 20 to 37 weeks' gestation were evaluated. Five parameters, nose length, nose protrusion, pronasal-subnasal distance, distance between the upper philtrum and mouth, and distance between the tip of the nose and mouth, were measured and are presented according to gestational age. Data were analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficients and regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant linear correlations between gestational age and nose length (R = 0.390; P < .001), pronasal-subnasal distance (R = 0.415; P < .001), and distance between the upper philtrum and mouth (R = 0.315; P < .001). There were significant quadratic relationships between gestational age and nose protrusion (R(2) = 0.213; P < .001) and distance between the tip of the nose and mouth (R(2) = 0.173; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide preliminary normative nasolabial dimensions of facial profiles at 20 to 37 weeks' gestation in normal Korean fetuses. These data may be of help not only in the understanding of normal nasolabial growth in utero but also in the diagnosis of abnormal facial dimensions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: U-Young
authors.initials: UY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sae Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Yong-Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: In Yang
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D002508:Cephalometry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D009666:Nose / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012016:Reference Values; D056910:Republic of Korea; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal