title: Increased IL-6 detection in adult and pediatric lymphoid tissue harboring parvovirus B19.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common pathogenic virus infecting humans. Previous studies have shown evidence of B19V infection in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma using ELISA and PCR on serum specimens. B19V nonstructural protein is known to alter the expression of cellular factors including interleukin-6 (IL-6), which can increase the risk for and worsen the prognosis of lymphomas.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to detect B19V capsid protein and IL-6 expression in normal and malignant lymphoid tissue, as well as any correlation between the two.
  
  
  METHODS
  IHCs for B19V capsid protein, IL-6, and B19V co-receptors P-antigen and α5β1 integrin were performed on a tissue array containing 70 duplicated pediatric and adult lymphoma tissues and 5 duplicated benign lymph node sections. Cases were identified as normal, B-cell NHL, diffuse large B-cell NHL, Hodgkin's lymphoma, extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, or mantle cell lymphoma. IL-6 and B19V capsid staining were quantified using a positive pixel count algorithm, and P-antigen and α5β1 staining using a membrane quantification algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  B19V capsid protein was detected in both benign and malignant lymphoid tissue. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the level of positivity for B19V and IL-6 staining, yielding an overall correlation coefficient of 0.679 (p-value<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show a moderate correlation between the levels of positive B19V and IL-6 staining by IHC, indicating a possible role for B19V in the pathogenesis of lymphomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1149 S Newell Drive, L4-100, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States. mpolcz@gmail.com
authors.forename: Monica E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Polcz
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Myron N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Jacqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hobbs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D016732:Parvovirus B19, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6