title: A case of tracheal varices in an adolescent patient with cyanotic heart disease.
abstract: Tracheal varices and bronchial varices are infrequently reported in adults as a complication of an underlying vascular obstruction, including portal hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, or pulmonary venous hypertension. Tracheal varices and bronchial varices have been reported in adults with failing Fontan physiology, but this occurrence is rare in children. We report the unusual presentation of tracheal-bronchial varices due to veno-venous collaterals in an adolescent patient with Glenn physiology for double-inlet left ventricle and portal hypertension secondary to cardiac cirrhosis. We document complete resolution of these varices after heart and liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. emachogu@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Evans
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Machogu
authors.forename: Glorilee
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balistrieri
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hehir
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quintero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001980:Bronchi / Q000098:blood supply*; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery