title: Sensory and instrumental texture measurements for assessing grape seed parameters during fruit development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The evolution of the sensory and instrumental properties of grape seeds was investigated during berry development, with a focus on the effects of the harvest season and growing location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensory and instrumental texture analyses gave a consistent description of the ripening process. Moreover, the effect of maturation on the seed sensory descriptors was clearly influenced by the harvest season, and astringency was the most appropriate sensory attribute for the assessment of grape seed ripening. Except for seed cracking, which was positively correlated with fracturability (R = 0.69) and toughness (R = 0.68) in 2006, the compression parameters were generally not correlated with the sensory textural attributes but were more likely correlated with other sensory attributes such as astringency and vegetal aroma. The compression indices showed a logarithmic behaviour pattern during grape development, and seed stiffness was shown to be the most valuable textural index for parcel discrimination and identification of the optimal grape harvesting date.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research showed that both seed sensory attributes and instrumental texture properties are indicators of grape ripening. However, these properties could be affected by the harvest season and growing location. As no clear correlation was found between the seed sensory attributes and instrumental texture parameters, a revision of the sensory method available in the literature could be suggested.
authors.affiliation: L'UNAM, UMT VINITERA, UPSP GRAPPE, Groupe ESA, Angers, France. letaiefhind@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hend
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Letaief
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maury
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Symoneaux
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siret
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D001252:Astringents / Q000032:analysis*; D004777:Environment; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D027843:Vitis / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D001252:Astringents