title: Non-bacterial protein expression in periodontal pockets by proteome analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the proteomic profile of inter-proximal pocket tissues with inter-proximal healthy tissues in the same subject to reveal proteins associated with periodontal disease in sites where periodontopathogenic bacteria were not detectable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five healthy patients, with moderate-to-advanced chronic periodontitis and presenting with at least one intra-bony defect next to a healthy inter-proximal site were enrolled. The periodontal defects were treated with osseous resective surgery, and the flap design included both the periodontal pockets and the neighbouring inter-proximal healthy sites. Pocket-associated and healthy tissues were harvested for proteomic analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen proteins were differently expressed between pathological and healthy tissues. In particular, annexin A2, actin cytoplasmic 1, carbonic anhydrase 1 & 2; Ig kappa chain C region (two spots) and flavinreductase were overexpressed, whereas 14-3-3 protein sigma and zeta/delta, heat-shock protein beta -1 (two spots), triosephosphateisomerase, peroxiredoxin-1, fatty acid-binding protein-epidermal, and galectin-7 were underexpressed in pathological tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unbalanced functional network of proteins involved could hinder adequate tissue response to pathogenic noxa. The study of periodontal pocket tissue proteomic profile would be crucial to better understand the pathogenesis of and the therapeutic strategies for periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. carlo.bertoldi@unimore.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertoldi
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bellei
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pellacani
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucchi
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuoghi
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergamini
authors.forename: Pierpaolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortellini
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomasi
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaffe
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D020543:Proteome