title: IncobotulinumtoxinA in clinical literature.
abstract: IncobotulinumtoxinA is the third neurotoxin type A to be approved for aesthetic use in the United States. Because incobotulinumtoxinA has been in use in Europe for some time, the clinical literature is fairly replete with references to its properties and characteristics, as well as its safety and efficacy. In North America, 2 pivotal trials, referred to as GL-1 and GL-2, investigated the safety and efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA in the glabellar region; both are currently in press with another journal. Other published studies of incobotulinumtoxinA are also described in depth in this article, including reports on aesthetic indications, diffusion, therapeutic indications, and studies pertaining to the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of incobotulinumtoxinA. Topics addressed include potency variability, mean concentration, stability and dissociation, and endopeptide immunoassay.
authors.affiliation: Private practice in New York, New York, USA. lorenc@lorenc.com
authors.forename: Z Paul
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Lorenc
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kenkel
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fagien
authors.forename: Haideh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirmand
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nestor
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sclafani
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.forename: Heidi A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Waldorf
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012060:Rejuvenation
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C545476:incobotulinumtoxinA