title: Ultra-low doses of chirality sorted (6,5) carbon nanotubes for simultaneous tumor imaging and photothermal therapy.
abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit intrinsic fluorescence and strong optical absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) biological window (0.7-1.4 μm), rendering them ideal for in vivo imaging and photothermal therapy. Advances in SWCNT sorting have led to improved nanoelectronics and are promising for nanomedicine. To date, SWCNTs used in vivo consist of heterogeneous mixtures of nanotubes and only a small subset of chirality nanotubes fluoresces or heats under a NIR laser. Here, we demonstrate that separated (6,5) SWCNTs exchanged into a biocompatible surfactant, C18-PMH-mPEG, are more than 6-fold brighter in photoluminescence on the per mass basis, afford clear tumor imaging, and reach requisite photothermal tumor ablation temperatures with a >10-fold lower injected dose than as-synthesized SWCNT mixtures while exhibiting relatively low (6,5) accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system. The intravenous injection of ∼4 μg of (6,5) SWCNTs per mouse (0.254 mg/kg) for dual imaging/photothermal therapy is, by far, the lowest reported dose for nanoparticle-based in vivo therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Alexander L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Antaris
authors.forename: Joshua T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Omar K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Yaghi
authors.forename: Guosong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luong
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon