title: Possible use of the carbohydrates present in tomato pomace and in byproducts of the supercritical carbon dioxide lycopene extraction process as biomass for bioethanol production.
abstract: This study provides information about the carbohydrate present in tomato pomace (skins, seeds, and vascular tissues) as well as in the byproducts of the lycopene supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO₂) such as tomato serum and exhausted matrix and reports their conversion into bioethanol. The pomace, constituting approximately 4% of the tomato fruit fresh weight, and the SC-CO₂-exhausted matrix were enzyme saccharified with 0.1% Driselase leading to sugar yields of ~383 and ~301 mg/g dw, respectively. Aliquots of the hydrolysates and of the serum (80% tomato sauce fw) were fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The bioethanol produced from each waste was usually >50% of the calculated theoretical amount, with the exception of the exhausted matrix hydolysate, where a sugar concentration >52.8 g/L inhibited the fermentation process. Furthermore, no differences in the chemical solubility of cell wall polysaccharides were evidenced between the SC-CO₂-lycopene extracted and unextracted matrices. The deduced glycosyl linkage composition and the calculated amount of cell wall polysaccharides remained similar in both matrices, indicating that the SC-CO₂ extraction technology does not affect their structure. Therefore, tomato wastes may well be considered as potential alternatives and low-cost feedstock for bioethanol production.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy. marcello.lenucci@unisalento.it
authors.forename: Marcello S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lenucci
authors.forename: Miriana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durante
authors.forename: Montefusco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anna
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalessandro
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piro
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000191:economics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000191:economics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000191:economics; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007558:Italy; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014866:Waste Products; D002338:Carotenoids; D000431:Ethanol; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C035212:driselase; D000077276:Lycopene