title: Single early prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure impairs striatal monoamines and maternal care in female rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Environmental information received by a mother can induce a phenotype change in her offspring, commonly known as a maternal effect (trans-generational effect). The present work verified the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which mimics bacterial infection, on maternal care and on the activity of related brain areas in F1 offspring, i.e., female rats that were prenatally exposed to LPS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant rats received 100μg/kg of LPS intraperitoneally on gestational day (GD) 9.5. Female offspring of the F1 generation were mated to naïve males and were evaluated during their lactation period for open field, maternal and aggressive behaviors. Striatal and hypothalamic dopamine and serotonin levels and turnover were also evaluated. Furthermore, astrocyte protein expression in the nucleus accumbens (NA) was analyzed in F1 females to assess LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prenatal LPS did not change open field behavior but impaired both maternal and maternal aggressive behaviors in the F1 generation. LPS exposure also reduced both striatal levels of dopamine and serotonin and its metabolites, but induced no changes in NA astrocyte expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggested that the observed impairments in the F1 females were a consequence of a motivational change induced by prenatal LPS, as (1) no changes in motor activity were observed, (2) prenatal LPS-exposure was reported by our group to induce motivational impairments in males, and (3) the existence of a strong connection between striatal dopaminergic activity and motivation-oriented activities. The present findings strongly indicate a maternal effect for prenatal LPS, at least for the F1 generation.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Institute, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, 04026-002, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana M S
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Thiago B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kirsten
authors.forename: Thiago M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Reis-Silva
authors.forename: Maria F M
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Teodorov
authors.forename: Jorge C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Flório
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palermo-Neto
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Eduardo F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Bondan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000503:physiopathology; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012701:Serotonin; D004298:Dopamine