title: Osteochondral distal metatarsal allograft reconstruction: a case series and surgical technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Painful degenerative diseases of the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJs) are frequently progressive and difficult to treat. Traditional operative treatments such as debridement, distal metatarsal osteotomies, and arthroplasty present a unique set of complications, and pain and deformity may still occur. Osteochondral distal metatarsal allograft reconstruction (ODMAR) is presented as a salvage procedure, reserved for patients with significant bone loss or avascular necrosis in whom traditional interventions have failed or are inadequate to address the underlying joint deformity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review identified all ODMAR cases performed by the senior author over the past 10 years. Patient symptoms, satisfaction, and MTPJ range of motion were measured at each postoperative evaluation. Graft healing and subsequent degenerative changes at the MTPJ were observed at each visit with foot radiographs. The surgical techniques for both first and lesser metatarsal reconstructions are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients were identified with average follow-up interval of 36 months (range, 6-66). Preoperative diagnoses included infection (1), fracture (1), and avascular necrosis (4). Mean total arc of motion was 40 degrees (range, 30-50). All patients maintained viability of the allograft metatarsal head and joint space was normal or Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1 in 5 of 6 patients at final follow-up. All patients demonstrated osseous union of the metatarsal osteotomy site. No patients have undergone revision surgery to date.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ODMAR is a safe and effective procedure for treatment of painful, degenerative conditions of the MTPJs. Further studies are required to determine the definitive indications and long-term outcomes for this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, retrospective case series.
authors.affiliation: Wirral University Teaching Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, UK.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ajis
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Seybold
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Myerson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: allograft; arthritis; forefoot disorders; metatarsal; necrosis; osteochondral