title: Intraarticular local anesthesia: can it reduce pain related to MR or CT arthrography of the shoulder?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether intraarticular anesthesia can reduce pain after MR or CT arthrography of the shoulder.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 120 patients who underwent CT or MR arthrography of the shoulder. The patients were randomized into two groups: the study group (n = 60), each administered an intraarticular injection of the contrast agent mixed with a local anesthetic (2% mepivacaine); and the control group (n = 60), each injected with the contrast agent only. Each patient's pain level was assessed at five phases-baseline and immediately, 2 hours, 1 day, and 2 days after injection-by using a visual analog scale or a verbal rating scale. The net pain score at each phase was also calculated. The pain course and net pain score were compared between study and control groups by repeated-measures analysis of variance. After the patients were divided into subgroups according to patient- or procedure-related factors, the efficacy of the intraarticular local anesthetic in each subgroup was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pain course showed a quadratic trend and was not significantly different between study and control groups. The net pain score also was not significantly different between the two groups. No subgroup showed a significantly different efficacy of the intraarticular local anesthetic between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraarticular local anesthesia did not reduce arthrography-related pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Gaegeum-dong Jin-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea, 614-735. nayaa_neo@hanmail.net
authors.forename: Hye Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Sun Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seok Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: In Sook
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001175:Arthrography; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide; D008619:Mepivacaine