title: Schoolbag weight carriage by primary school pupils.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  School children usually use a backpack to carry their school materials. Carrying heavy schoolbags exceeding the recommended limit may have negative health implications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the weight of schoolbags carried by primary school pupils (aged 7-9 years) in Grades 1-3 and determine how many pupils carry backpacks in excess of the recommended limit of 10 per cent of body weight (%BW). A comparison of the schoolbag weight carried by male and female pupils will also be performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eight healthy pupils chosen at random from two participating schools from south-west Poland; 54 male and 54 female.
  
  
  METHODS
  The personal body weight scale was used for measuring the weight. The height and weight of each participating pupil was measured, and the schoolbag weight of every participant checked over five consecutive days, from Monday to Friday.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean schoolbag weight of Grade 1 pupils was 3.23 kg, (i.e.13.1%BW); of Grade 2 pupils, 3.61 kg (i.e.12.9%BW) and of Grade 3 pupils 3.37 kg (i.e. 11.1%BW).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  78.3% of Grade 1 pupils, 43.3% of Grade 2 pupils and 40.0% of Grade 3 pupils carried backpacks exceeding 10%BW. There were no statistically significant differences between the mean schoolbag weight of males and females in particular school grades.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Technology and Computer Education, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Szafrana 4 Street, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland. Tel.: +48 683 284 717; Fax: +48 683 284 710; E-mail: a.lasota@eti.uz.zgora.pl.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lasota
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D011044:Poland; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Backpack weight; children; load carriage