title: Craniofacial skeletal architecture and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome severity.
abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep related breathing disorder caused by pharynx obstruction that often terminates in abrupt arousals and is capable of disrupting physiological sleep profile. Its' severity has been associated, among others, with craniofacial skeletal morphology. To investigate this relationship and elucidate craniofacial skeleton patterns in individuals without obvious maxillofacial abnormalities, 171 OSAS patients were studied with nocturnal polysomnographic record and cephalometric X-ray (24 variables). Cephalometric variables were compared between three apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) groups (AHI ≤ 15; 15 < AHI < 30; AHI ≥ 30) and uni/multivariate analysis between cephalometric variables and AHI were performed. The patients were predominantly men (83%), with a mean age of 48.1 years. Mean BMI and AHI were 28.4 kg/m(2) and 26.2, respectively. Most cephalometric variables differed among the three AHI groups. Fifteen cephalometric variables showed a correlation with AHI. Five cephalometric variables and BMI were independent AHI predictors. Cephalometric variables were better AHI predictors in normal weight patients. Significant evidence of craniofacial skeleton influence was found on OSAS severity, caudalization of the hyoid and lower sagittal facial projection being the most important patterns. From the cephalometric variables analysed, the hypopharynx calibre demonstrated a higher predictive value for AHI, independently of BMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital Santo António (Head: Carlos Monteiro, MD), Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui Augusto
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Costa E Sousa
authors.forename: Nuno Alexandre
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: dos Santos Gil
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000473:pathology; D007013:Hypopharynx / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000473:pathology; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000473:pathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D014716:Vertical Dimension
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cephalometry; Craniofacial abnormalities; Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome; Pharynx