title: Influence of plasma pretreatment on shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to polyetheretherketone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the adhesion between PEEK and two self-adhesive resin cements after plasma treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight hundred sixty-four polyetheretherketone (PEEK) disks were cut and polished to silicon carbide (SIC) P4000. One half of the specimens were randomly selected and pretreated with plasma, whereas the remaining 432 specimens remained untreated. Subsequently, specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 108/group): Visio.link (Bredent), Signum PEEK Bond (Heraeus Kulzer), Ambarino P60 (Creamed), and a control group without additional treatment. Half of the specimens of each group (n = 54) were then cemented with either RelyX Unicem Automix 2 (3 M ESPE) or with Clearfil SA (Kuraray). All specimens were stored in water for 24 h (37 °C). Afterwards, specimens were divided into three groups (n = 18) for different aging levels: (1) no aging (baseline measurement), (2) thermal aging for 5,000 cycles (5/55 °C), and (3) thermal aging for 10,000 cycles (5/55 °C). Thereafter, shear bond strengths (SBS) were measured, and failure types (adhesive, mixed, and cohesive) were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, four- and one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Scheffé test (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No adhesion could be established without adhesive pretreatment, irrespectively, whether plasma was applied or not. Also, no bond strength was measured when Ambarino P60 was applied. In contrast, adhesive pretreatment resulted in SBS ranging between 8 and 15 MPa. No significant differences were found between the resin cements used. In general, no cohesive failures were observed. Groups without plasma treatment combined with Visio.link or Signum PEEK Bond showed predominantly mixed failure types. Control groups, plasma treated, or treated using Ambarino P60 groups fractured predominantly adhesively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based adhesives allows bonding between PEEK and self-adhesive resin cements. Plasma treatment has no impact on bond to resin cements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEEK reconstructions can be cemented using self-adhesive resin cements combined with pretreatment with MMA-based adhesives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Munich Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany, bogna.stawarczyk@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stawarczyk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bähr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beuer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wimmer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eichberger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gernet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
mesh_terms: D001577:Benzophenones; D003738:Dental Cements; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D058626:Plasma Gases; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D003738:Dental Cements; D007659:Ketones; D058626:Plasma Gases; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols