title: Chemical composition, cytotoxic and antioxidative activities of ethanolic extracts of propolis on HCT-116 cell line.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propolis is a complex resinous sticky substance that honeybees collect from buds and exudates of various plants. Owing to its versatile biological and pharmacological activities, propolis is widely used in medicines, cosmetics and foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and antioxidative effects of various ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEPs) on human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 and compare them with their composition determined by HPLC-DAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most abundant flavonoids in all samples were chrysin, pinocembrin and galangin (12.697-40.811 µg mg⁻¹), while the main phenolic acids were caffeic acid, ferulic acid and isoferulic acid. Dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth of HCT-116 cells was observed for all propolis samples, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 26.33 to 143.09 µg mL⁻¹. Differences in cytotoxic activity of propolis samples were associated with differences in their composition. All EEP samples reduced both superoxide anion radical and nitrite levels and also had strong DPPH-scavenging activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All tested propolis samples had pronounced cytotoxic and antioxidative activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia. jovanazizic@kg.ac.rs
authors.forename: Jovana B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Žižić
authors.forename: Nenad L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Vuković
authors.forename: Milka B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Jadranin
authors.forename: Boban D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Anđelković
authors.forename: Vele V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Tešević
authors.forename: Miroslava M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kacaniova
authors.forename: Slobodan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sukdolak
authors.forename: Snežana D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Marković
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D055771:Serbia; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001688:Biological Products; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D011429:Propolis
keywords: HCT-116 cell line; antioxidants; cytotoxicity; polyphenols; propolis