title: Effects of inorganic nitrogen (NH₄Cl) and biodegradable organic carbon (CH₃COONa) additions on a pilot-scale seawater biofilter.
abstract: Biofilters degrade a small fraction of the natural organic matter (NOM) contained in seawater which is the leading cause of biofouling in downstream processes. This work studies the effects of chemical additions on NOM biodegradation by biofilters. In this work, biofiltration of seawater with an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 6 min and a hydraulic loading rate of 10 mh(-1) reduces the biological oxygen demand (BOD7) by 8%, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 6% and the UV absorbance at 254 nm (A₂₅₄) by 7%. Different amounts of ammonium chloride are added to the seawater (up to twice the total dissolved nitrogen in untreated seawater) to study its possible effect on the removal of NOM by a pilot-scale biofilter. Seawater is amended with different amounts of easily biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) supplied as sodium acetate (up to twice the DOC) for the same purpose. The results of this work reveal that the ammonium chloride additions do not significantly affect NOM removal and the sodium acetate is completely consumed by the biofiltration process. For both types of chemical additions, the BOD₇, DOC and A₂₅₄ in the outlet stream of the biofilter are similar to the values for the untreated control. These results indicate that this biofilter easily removes the BDOC from the seawater when the EBCT is not above 6 min. Furthermore, nitrogen does not limit the NOM biodegradation in seawater under these experimental conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. xsimon@ub.edu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xavier Simon
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rudé
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berdalet
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llorens
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baig
mesh_terms: D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D019346:Sodium Acetate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D019346:Sodium Acetate