title: Work-related psychosocial and mechanical risk factors for work disability: a 3-year follow-up study of the general working population in Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the impact of work-related psychosocial and mechanical risk factors for work disability in the general working population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomly drawn cohort from the general population in Norway aged 18-66 years was followed for 3 years (N = 12 550, 67% response rate at baseline). Eligible respondents were in paid work for ≥ 10 hours per week in 2006 and were still in paid work or had quit working because of health problems (work disability) in 2009 (N = 6745). Five work-related psychosocial factors and eight mechanical exposures were measured. The outcome of interest was self-reported work disability at 3-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 2.6% (176 individuals) reported work disability at the 3-year follow-up. Disability rates were higher among women, older workers, and those with fewer years of education and higher levels of psychological distress and musculoskeletal complaints. After adjusting for these factors, work-related psychosocial predictors of disability were low levels of supportive leadership [odds ratio (OR) 1.61, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.02-2.56] and monotonous work (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.09-2.16). Mechanical factors were neck flexion (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.36-4.56), prolonged standing (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.21-2.46), whole-body vibration (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.77-9.71), and heavy physical work (OR 2.23. 95% CI 1.08-4.57). The estimated population risk attributable to these factors was about 45%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monotonous work, prolonged standing, neck flexion, and whole-body vibration appear to be the most consistent and important predictors of work disability.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 8149 Dep, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway. tom.sterud@stami.no
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sterud
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult