title: Challenging the concept of bacteria subsisting on antibiotics.
abstract: Antibiotic resistance concerns have been compounded by a report that soil bacteria can catabolise antibiotics, i.e. break down and use them as a sole carbon source. To date this has not been verified or reproduced, therefore in this study soil bacteria were screened to verify and reproduce this hypothesis. Survival in high concentrations of antibiotics was initially observed; however, on further analysis these bacteria either did not degrade the antibiotics or they used an intrinsic resistance mechanism (β-lactamases) to degrade the β-lactams, as demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography. These results did not verify or reproduce the hypothesis that bacteria subsist on antibiotics or catabolise antibiotics as previously reported. This study identified that bacteria with a catabolising phenotype did not degrade streptomycin or trimethoprim and therefore could not utilise the antibiotics as a nutrient source. Therefore, we conclude that soil bacteria do not catabolise antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Bacteriology, Agroscope-Research Station Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Wädenswil, Switzerland. fiona.walsh@agroscope.admin.ch
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Sebastian G B
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Amyes
authors.forename: Brion
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duffy
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D047090:beta-Lactams; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013307:Streptomycin