title: The sensitivity of different environments to radioactive contamination.
abstract: This paper describes modelling calculations carried out to determine the sensitivity of various rural and semi-natural environments to radionuclide contamination by (137)Cs, (90)Sr, and (131)I released during a major nuclear accident. Depositions of 1000 Bq/m(3) were assumed for each radionuclide. Four broad types of environments were considered: agricultural, forest or tundra, freshwater aquatic, and coastal marine. A number of different models were applied to each environment. The annual dose to a human population receiving most or all of its food and drinking water from a given environment was taken as a broad measure of sensitivity. The results demonstrated that environmental sensitivity was highly radionuclide specific, with (137)Cs generally giving the highest doses during the first year, especially for adults, in terrestrial and freshwater pathways. However, in coastal marine environments, (131)I and (239)Pu were more significant. Sensitivity was time dependent with doses for the first year dominating those for the 2nd and 10th years after deposition. In agricultural environments the ingestion dose from (137)Cs was higher for adults than other age groups, whereas for (90)Sr and (131)I, the ingestion dose was highest for infants. The dependence of sensitivity on social and economic factors such as individual living habits, food consumption preferences, and agricultural practices is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Ital.y neutracy@rogers.com
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barabash
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berkovskyy
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brittain
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chouhan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eleftheriou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iosjpe
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Psaltaki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tschiersch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turcanu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D005507:Food Contamination, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014197:Trees; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive