title: Interleukin-33, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor [corrected] of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is characterized by increased inflammatory processes and endothelial activation. We investigated the association between ACS and inflammatory mediators and matrix-degrading enzymes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled 55 consecutive patients with ACS: 25 with unstable angina (UA) and 30 with non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). For comparison, 25 age- and sex-matched subjects with no significant coronary artery stenosis were included as the control group. Peripheral serum levels of interleukin (IL)-33, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of MMP-1, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured on admission, and at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the initial evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to serum levels in the control group, serum levels of IL-33 decreased in the NSTEMI group (p < 0.05), and levels of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 increased in the UA group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively) and NSTEMI group (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). IL-33 levels were significantly lower on admission than at 12 hours after the initial evaluation (p < 0.05). IL-33 levels were negatively correlated with MMP-9 levels (r = -0.461, p < 0.05) and CRP levels (r = -0.441, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and decreased levels of IL-33 play a role in the development and progression of ACS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey. savasguzel@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Savas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guzel
authors.forename: Ozden
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Serin
authors.forename: Eda Celik
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Guzel
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buyuk
authors.forename: Güzin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.forename: Guvenc
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Güvenen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C506536:IL33 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Inflammation; Interleukin-33; Matrix metalloproteinase 9; Myocardial infarction