title: Emulsified phosphatidylserine, simple and effective peptide carrier for induction of potent epitope-specific T cell responses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To induce potent epitope-specific T cell immunity by a peptide-based vaccine, epitope peptides must be delivered efficiently to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo. Therefore, selecting an appropriate peptide carrier is crucial for the development of an effective peptide vaccine. In this study, we explored new peptide carriers which show enhancement in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction capability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from an epitope-specific in vivo CTL assay revealed that phosphatidylserine (PS) has a potent adjuvant effect among candidate materials tested. Further analyses showed that PS-conjugated antigens were preferentially and efficiently captured by professional APCs, in particular, by CD11c(+)CD11b(+)MHCII(+) conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) compared to multilamellar liposome-conjugates or unconjugated antigens. In addition, PS demonstrated the stimulatory capacity of peptide-specific helper T cells in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work indicates that PS is the easily preparable efficient carrier with a simple structure that delivers antigen to professional APCs effectively and induce both helper and cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo. Therefore, PS is a promising novel adjuvant for T cell-inducing peptide vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichihashi
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Kiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D039521:CD11c Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology*; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000737:chemistry*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D039521:CD11c Antigen; D000939:Epitopes; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D010718:Phosphatidylserines