title: A review of the role of female gender in autism spectrum disorders.
abstract: This paper reviews the literature exploring gender differences associated with the clinical presentation of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The potentially mediating effect of comorbid psychopathology, biological and neurodevelopmental implications on these gender differences is also discussed. A vastly heterogeneous condition, while females on the lower-functioning end of the spectrum appear to be more severely affected, an altered clinical manifestation of the disorder among high-functioning females may consequently result in many being un- or mis-diagnosed. To date, there is strong bias in the literature towards the clinical presentation of ASD in males. It is imperative that future research explores gender differences across the autism spectrum, in order to improve researchers', clinicians' and the public's understanding of this debilitating disorder.
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 4, 607 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia, melissa.kirkovski@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirkovski
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Enticott
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors