title: Use of individual feedback during human gross anatomy course for enhancing professional behaviors in doctor of physical therapy students.
abstract: Medical professionals and public consumers expect that new physical therapy graduates possess cognitive, technical, and behavioral skills required to provide safe and high-quality care to patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if a repertoire of ten professional behaviors assessed at the beginning of doctorate of physical therapy education and before the first significant clinical internship could be enhanced in a semester course in gross human anatomy using individual formative feedback. During the human anatomy course, 28 first-year physical therapy students completed six biweekly, anonymous self- and peer assessment surveys that targeted ten professional behaviors important to physical therapists. All professional behaviors were assessed using a five-point Likert scale. Feedback reports occurred at week eight (mid-semester) and week 16 (end-of-semester) and comprised the direct intervention components of this study. At the midpoint of the semester, professional behavior scores and narrative comments from weeks two, four, and six were compiled and shared with each student by one of three faculty members in a feedback session. Students then submitted biweekly self-and peer professional behavior assessments (weeks 10, 12, and 14) for the remainder of the human anatomy course. Differences between preintervention and postintervention scores for each of the ten professional behaviors were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Upon receiving mid-semester individual feedback, students demonstrated significant improvement in each of the ten professional behaviors. Results from this study indicated a gross anatomy laboratory dissection experience during the first academic semester provided an effective opportunity for teaching and assessing professional behaviors of doctoral students in physical therapy.
authors.affiliation: Program in Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Youdas
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Hellyer
authors.forename: Aaron B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rindflesch
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hollman
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004210:Dissection / Q000193:education*; D004517:Education, Professional / Q000379:methods*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010379:Peer Group; D026761:Physical Therapy Specialty / Q000193:education*; D024382:Professional Role; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: formative feedback; gross anatomy education; individual feedback; peer-evaluation; self-evaluation; physical therapy education; professionalism