title: Non-EEG seizure-detection systems and potential SUDEP prevention: state of the art.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a need for a seizure-detection system that can be used long-term and in home situations for early intervention and prevention of seizure related side effects including SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epileptic patients). The gold standard for monitoring epileptic seizures involves video/EEG (electro-encephalography), which is uncomfortable for the patient, as EEG electrodes are attached to the scalp. EEG analysis is also labour-intensive and has yet to be automated and adapted for real-time monitoring. It is therefore usually performed in a hospital setting, for a few days at the most. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of body signals that can be measured, along with corresponding methods, state-of-art research, and commercially available systems, as well as to stress the importance of a good detection system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Narrative literature review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A range of body signals can be monitored for the purpose of seizure detection. It is particularly interesting to include monitoring of autonomic dysfunction, as this may be an important patho-physiological mechanism of SUDEP, and of movement, as many seizures have a motor component.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most effective seizure detection systems are multimodal. Such systems should also be comfortable and low-power. The body signals and modalities on which a system is based should take account of the user's seizure types and personal preferences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium. anouk.van.de.vel@uza.be
authors.forename: Anouk
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van de Vel
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cuppens
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonroy
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milosevic
authors.forename: Katrien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Huffel
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vanrumste
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lagae
authors.forename: Berten
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ceulemans
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D053840:Brugada Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004566:Electrodes; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods