title: Effects of fructose and glucose overfeeding on hepatic insulin sensitivity and intrahepatic lipids in healthy humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess how intrahepatic fat and insulin resistance relate to daily fructose and energy intake during short-term overfeeding in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis of the data collected in several studies in which fasting hepatic glucose production (HGP), hepatic insulin sensitivity index (HISI), and intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL) had been measured after both 6-7 days on a weight-maintenance diet (control, C; n = 55) and 6-7 days of overfeeding with 1.5 (F1.5, n = 7), 3 (F3, n = 17), or 4 g fructose/kg/day (F4, n = 10), with 3 g glucose/kg/day (G3, n = 11), or with 30% excess energy as saturated fat (fat30%, n = 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  F3, F4, G3, and fat30% all significantly increased IHCL, respectively by 113 ± 86, 102 ± 115, 59 ± 92, and 90 ± 74% as compared to C (all P < 0.05). F4 and G3 increased HGP by 16 ± 10 and 8 ± 11% (both P < 0.05), and F3 and F4 significantly decreased HISI by 20 ± 22 and 19 ± 14% (both P < 0.01). In contrast, there was no significant effect of fat30% on HGP or HISI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term overfeeding with fructose or glucose decreases hepatic insulin sensitivity and increases hepatic fat content. This indicates short-term regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism by simple carbohydrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University, Lausanne Switzerland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lecoultre
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Egli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Theytaz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kreis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schneiter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boss
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zwygart
authors.forename: K-A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lê
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bortolotti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boesch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tappy
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose