title: Transition to non-toxic gunshot use in Olympic shooting: policy implications for IOC and UNEP in resolving an environmental problem.
abstract: Olympic shooters discharge, annually, thousands of tons of lead shot which pose toxic risks to animals and may pollute both surface and ground waters. Non-toxic steel shot is an acceptable and effective substitute, but International Shooting Sports Federation (ISSF) rules prevent its adoption. The present policy and rules of the ISSF on lead shot use contravene the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Charter position on environmental protection. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), a formal Olympic partner on environmental protection, has no stated policy on contamination from lead ammunition, despite having declared lead a Priority Area for remedial action, and is pressing to remove lead from the global human environment. The IOC Sport and Environment Commission and UNEP could examine the continued use of lead shot ammunition and advise the IOC Executive Board on appropriate changes in policy and rules that could halt the massive lead shot contamination of shooting range environments world-wide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada, vthomas@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Vernon George
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Raimon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guitart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D005389:Firearms; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D013177:Sports / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007854:Lead