title: Treatment options for disorders of arousal: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-rapid-eye-movement parasomnias or disorders of arousal (DOA) are more prevalent in children, but they do occur in adults. There are no practice parameters published for treatment of DOAs.
  
  
  METHODS
  After obtaining institutional review board approval, an electronic search was conducted for ICD9 codes related to DOAs in our clinic databases. The resulting charts were reviewed by the authors for accuracy, and 103 out of 232 were included in the final analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleepwalking is the most common DOA presentation. Treatment with low-dose clonazepam has a response rate of 73.7%. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia, sertraline, clomipramine and temazepam may also be effective alternatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DOAs respond to benzodiazepines, antidepressants and CBT. Large, randomized trials are needed to further assess these therapeutic alternatives.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. hattaria@nmff.org
authors.forename: Hrayr
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Attarian
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020921:Sleep Arousal Disorders / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002998:Clonazepam