title: Stilbene glucoside inhibits the glucuronidation of emodin in rats through the down-regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1A8: application to a drug-drug interaction study in Radix Polygoni Multiflori.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The integrated effects of herbal medicines were the outcome of all of the inherent components. Currently, few studies have focused on the multicomponent interactions in an herbal medicine to elucidate its pharmacological and/or toxicological effects. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the interaction between stilbene glucosides and the anthraquinones contained in Radix Polygoni Multiflori (RPM) and to explore the interaction's mechanism from the perspective of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The extract of RPM was separated into a stilbene glucoside fraction and a emodin fraction. A rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to disclose the influence of stilbene glucoside on the pharmacokinetics of emodin in rats. Drug and Statistics 2.0 was used for the estimation of the pharmacokinetic parameters. Gene expression analysis in liver and intestinal tissues was performed by a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analytical method appeared to be suitable for the analysis of emodin with desirable linearity, accuracy, precision and stability, and the total analysis time was less than 2 min on a short column. Glucuronide of emodin, which is the major metabolite of emodin, was determined after β-glucuronidase hydrolysis. As the in vivo pharmacokinetic studies had indicated, the AUC, Cmax and T1/2 of emodin were increased after the stilbene glucoside treatment, and the glucuronidation of emodin was significantly inhibited. The mRNA levels from UGT1A8 and UGT1A2 were decreased by stilbene glucoside treatment. In contrast, the expression of UGT1A1, UGT1A6 and UGT1A9 mRNA was increased in the liver following treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influence of stilbene glucoside on the pharmacokinetics of emodin may be attributed to the inhibition of UGT1A8 mRNA expression. Thus, it is important to extend this research to deepen our understanding of the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of RPM.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tong jia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Cui-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Hui-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004642:Emodin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000097:blood; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018517:Plant Roots; D028502:Polygonum; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C489707:2',3',4',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside; D005960:Glucosides; D020719:Glucuronides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013267:Stilbenes; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D004642:Emodin