title: Can pain and function be distinguished in the Oxford Knee Score in a meaningful way? An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper was to examine if pain and functioning can be distinguished in the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) in a meaningful way. This was done by (1) conducting exploratory factor analysis to explore the factorial structure of the OKS and (2) conducting confirmatory factor analysis to examine whether a two-factor solution is superior to a one-factor solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary data analysis of four independent datasets containing OKS scores on 161,973 patients was performed. Four independent datasets contained data on: (1) 156, 788 patients from the NHS HES/PROMS dataset, (2) 2,405 consecutive patients from the South West London Elective Operating Centre, (3) 2,353 patients enrolled in the Knee Arthroplasty Trial and (4) 427 consecutive patients listed for knee replacement surgery at the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre in Oxford.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor extraction methods suggested that, depending on the method employed, both one- and two-factor solutions are meaningful. Overall and in each data set some cross-loading occurred and item loadings were consistent across two factors. On confirmatory factor analysis, both one- and two-factor models had acceptable fit indices. This allowed the creation of the 'OKS pain component' and the 'OKS functional component' subscales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factor analysis confirmed the original conceptual basis of the OKS but offered an option to perform additional analyses using pain and functional subscales. Further research should focus on providing further evidence on construct validity and responsiveness of the newly derived subscales.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK, kristina.knezevic@ndorms.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doll
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: Crispin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jenkinson
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Beard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D013222:State Medicine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult