title: Ergodicity breaking in geometric Brownian motion.
abstract: Geometric Brownian motion (GBM) is a model for systems as varied as financial instruments and populations. The statistical properties of GBM are complicated by nonergodicity, which can lead to ensemble averages exhibiting exponential growth while any individual trajectory collapses according to its time average. A common tactic for bringing time averages closer to ensemble averages is diversification. In this Letter, we study the effects of diversification using the concept of ergodicity breaking.
authors.affiliation: London Mathematical Laboratory, 14 Buckingham Street, WC2N 6DF London, United Kingdom. o.peters@lml.org.uk
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klein