title: A comparative analysis of in vitro and in vivo efficacies of the enantiomers of thioridazine and its racemate.
abstract: A long list of chemotherapeutical drugs used in the treatment of the peripheral and the central nervous systems possess anti-microbial activity. Some of these neurotropic compounds are chiral, with the one stereo isomeric form exaggerating reduced neurotropism. This is the case for the levorotatory form of thioridazine. The phenothiazine thioridazine is an interesting compound, characterized by exhibiting a significant growth inhibiting activity on a wide array of micro-organisms. Thioridazine is characterized by another challenging feature, because the compound is concentrated in certain human tissue cells. The present study describes a comparative study of the two enantiomers as well as the racemic form of thioridazine. The study exploits the stereochemical aspect and the in vitro and in vivo potential of these compounds, with a focus on the effects on gram negative organism Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium. In summary, the results of this study yielded a significant antibacterial activity of all forms of thioridazine, indicating the levorotatory (-)-form to be superior in terms of both its in vitro and in vivo efficacies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jørn B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.forename: Shaswati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaki
authors.forename: Sayanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Ayan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Tapan K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Sujata G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Dastidar
authors.forename: Jette E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013881:Thioridazine