title: Physical limitations and fundamental factors affecting performance of liquid crystal tunable lenses with concentric electrode rings.
abstract: A comprehensive analysis of fundamental factors and their effects on the performance of liquid crystal (LC)-based lenses is given. The analysis adopts numerical LC director and electric field simulation, as well as scalar diffraction theory for calculating the lens performance considering different variable factors. A high-efficiency LC lens with concentric electrode rings is fabricated for verifying and enriching the analysis. The measurement results are in close agreement with the analysis, and a summary of key factors is given with their quantitative contributions to the efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Heugten
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bos