title: Biochemical characterization, action on macrophages, and superoxide anion production of four basic phospholipases A2 from Panamanian Bothrops asper snake venom.
abstract: Bothrops asper (Squamata: Viperidae) is the most important venomous snake in Central America, being responsible for the majority of snakebite accidents. Four basic PLA2s (pMTX-I to -IV) were purified from crude venom by a single-step chromatography using a CM-Sepharose ion-exchange column (1.5 × 15 cm). Analysis of the N-terminal sequence demonstrated that pMTX-I and III belong to the catalytically active Asp49 phospholipase A2 subclass, whereas pMTX-II and IV belong to the enzymatically inactive Lys49 PLA2s-like subclass. The PLA2s isolated from Panama Bothrops asper venom (pMTX-I, II, III, and IV) are able to induce myotoxic activity, inflammatory reaction mainly leukocyte migration to the muscle, and induce J774A.1 macrophages activation to start phagocytic activity and superoxide production.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, FCFRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aristides Quintero
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Rueda
authors.forename: Isela González
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Eliane C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Arantes
authors.forename: Sulamita S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Setúbal
authors.forename: Leonardo de A
authors.initials: Lde A
authors.lastname: Calderon
authors.forename: Juliana P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zuliani
authors.forename: Rodrigo G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Stábeli
authors.forename: Andreimar M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017837:Bothrops; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D003029:Coagulants / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D010176:Panama; D010587:Phagocytosis; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000201:enzymology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003029:Coagulants; D012910:Snake Venoms; D013481:Superoxides; D054467:Phospholipases A2