title: Long-term trajectories of PTSD or resilience in former East German political prisoners.
abstract: Studies on the long-term consequences of traumatization found different diagnostic trajectories: chronic, recovered, delayed and resilient. This distinction, however, was never studied in victims of torture or severe political persecution. We aimed to verify the trajectory classes of PTSD empirically and to analyze potential predictors of such trajectories. Former political prisoners from East Germany, first interviewed in 1995, were re-assessed fourteen years later. In 1995, retrospective symptom reports dating back to shortly after the prisoners' release dates were assessed. Predictors of the four different trajectories were divided into pre-trauma, peri-trauma, and post-trauma factors. As a result, the four long-term trajectories were validated in the current sample with the following percentages: chronic (36%), resilient (27%), recovered (26%) and delayed (11%) trajectories. Trajectories were mainly distinguished by pre- and post-traumatic factors, e.g. pre-trauma education or post-trauma disclosure opportunities. We conclude that the four long-term trajectories of trauma sequelae deserve more attention to adequately deal with survivors of severe persecution. Furthermore, the specific predictors of long-term trajectory deserve more attention for re-integration or in rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Div. of Psychopathology & Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Switzerland. maercker@psychologie.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maercker
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gäbler
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schützwohl
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005859:Germany, East; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D014104:Torture / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data