title: Candida infection and cancer risk: a Danish nationwide cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Candida species infection may be associated with increased cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We linked data from the nationwide medical registries and examined the incidence of various cancers in patients with a first-time hospital presentation with candida infection. We computed the cumulative incidence of cancer and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of cancer overall, immune-related cancers, and specific cancer types by comparing observed versus expected incidences based on age-, sex-, and anatomical site-specific incidence rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 21,247 candida-infected patients, we identified 1534 cancers during a combined follow-up of 187,993 years (standardized incidence ratio (SIR)=1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5-1.7)). The 1- and 10-year risks of cancer were 2.6%, and 8.3%, respectively. In the first year after a candida diagnosis, the SIR for cancer was 3.7 (95% CI: 3.4-4.0). In the second and subsequent years of follow-up, the SIRs were 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1-1.3) for any cancer and 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.7) for immune-related cancers. The risk of mouth and throat cancers remained more than 3-fold increased in the second and subsequent years of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospital presentation with candida infection is associated with increased short- and long-term cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark. mn@dce.au.dk
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nørgaard
authors.forename: Reimar Wernich
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Dora Körmendiné
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.forename: Mads Filtenborg
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mogensen
authors.forename: Henrik Toft
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult