title: Treatment of pregnancy-related lumbar and pelvic girdle pain by the yoga method: a randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain is a major problem for the majority of pregnant women. Complementary medicine has been used to alleviate pain, and yoga is one of the most commonly chosen alternative methods. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Hatha yoga in the reduction of lumbopelvic pain in pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial with 60 pregnant women (age range, 14-40 years) who reported lumbopelvic pain at 12 to 32 weeks of gestation was conducted from June 2009 to June 2011. Pregnant women who had twin pregnancies, had medical restrictions for exercise, used analgesics, and participated in physical therapy were excluded from the study. Pregnant women were divided into two groups: the yoga group, practicing exercises guided by this method, and the postural orientation group, performing standardized posture orientation according to instructions provided in a pamphlet. Treatment in each group lasted 10 weeks. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain intensity. Lumbar pain and posterior pelvic pain provocation tests were used to confirm the presence of pain. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney test, the McNemar test, a paired Wilcoxon test, and analysis of covariance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median pain score was lower in the yoga group (p<.0058) than the postural orientation group. Lumbar pain provocation tests showed a decreased response in relation to posterior pelvic pain provocation tests and a gradual reduction in pain intensity during 10 yoga sessions (p<.024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The yoga method was more effective at reducing lumbopelvic pain intensity compared with postural orientation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , UNICAMP School of Medicine, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil .
authors.forename: Roseny Flávia
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: João Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pinto e Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D059388:Pelvic Girdle Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015013:Yoga; D055815:Young Adult