title: Characterization of an outward rectifying chloride current of Xenopus tropicalis oocytes.
abstract: Here, we describe an outward rectifying current in Xenopus tropicalis oocytes that we have called xtClC-or. The current has two components; the major component is voltage activated and independent of intracellular or extracellular Ca(2+), whereas the second is a smaller component that is Ca(2+) dependent. The properties of the Ca(2+)-independent current, such as voltage dependence and outward rectification, resemble those of ClC anion channels/transporters. This current is sensitive to NPPB and NFA, insensitive to 9AC and DIDS, and showed a whole-cell conductance sequence of SCN(-)>I(-)>Br(-)>CI(-). RT-PCR revealed the expression in oocytes of ClC-2 to ClC-7, and major reductions of current amplitudes were observed when a ClC-5 antisense oligonucleotide was injected into oocytes. The Ca(2+)-dependent component was abated after injection of 10mM BAPTA or EGTA, whereas 10mMMg(2+) inhibited the current to 26±3.1%. This component was blocked by 9-AC, NFA, and NPPB, whereas DIDS did not elicit any evident effect. The ion sequence selectivity was SCN=I(-)>Br(-)>Cl(-). To try to determine the molecular identity that gives rise to this component we assessed by RT-PCR the expression of the Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channel TMEM16A, which was found to be present in the oocytes. However, injection of antisense TMEM16A oligonucleotides did not inhibit the transient outward current. This result fits well with the electrophysiological data. Together, these results suggest that ClC-5 is a major, but not the sole channel responsible for this outwardly rectifying Cl(-) current.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lenin David
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Ochoa-de la Paz
authors.forename: Angeles Edith
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Espino-Saldaña
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arellano-Ostoa
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miledi
authors.forename: Ataúlfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Torres
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014981:Xenopus / Q000378:metabolism*; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D018118:Chloride Channels; D002712:Chlorides; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C559904:xANO2 protein, Xenopus; D002118:Calcium