title: Gray matter changes in subjects at high risk for developing psychosis and first-episode schizophrenia: a voxel-based structural MRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to use a voxel-based magnetic resonance imaging method to investigate the neuroanatomical characteristics in subjects at high risk of developing psychosis compared with those of healthy controls and first-episode schizophrenia patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 14 subjects with at-risk mental state (ARMS), 34 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, and 51 healthy controls. We used voxel-based morphometry with the Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration through Exponentiated Lie Algebra tools to investigate the whole-brain difference in gray matter volume among the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the healthy controls, the schizophrenia patients showed significant gray matter reduction in the left anterior cingulate gyrus. There was no significant difference in the gray matter volume between the ARMS and other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that alteration of the anterior cingulate gyrus may be associated with development of frank psychosis. Further studies with a larger ARMS subjects would be required to examine the potential role of neuroimaging methods in the prediction of future transition into psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furuichi
authors.forename: Shimako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: Kyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
keywords: MRI; cingulate gyrus; high risk; psychosis; schizophrenia