title: [Characterization of glycolytic phenotype of SHG44 human glioma cells under hypoxic conditions and its association with cell proliferation and apoptosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the glycolytic phenotype of SHG44 human glioma cells under hypoxic conditions and the association between cell proliferation and apoptosis and the metabolic status.
  
  
  METHODS
  An in vitro hypoxic cell model was established in SHG44 cells using CoCl2. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to assess the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and the enzymes involved in glycolysis including PDK1, PKM2, and LDHA. Intracellular ATP levels were measured by bioluminescence assay to assess the energy metabolic status of SHG44 cells. The viability and apoptosis of the cells were examined using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cells in hypoxic culture showed obviously increased expressions of HIF-1α, LDHA, PDK1, and PKM2 at both the mRNA and protein levels as compared to those in normal cell culture. Hypoxia of the cells also resulted in a lowered cell proliferative activity and an increased apoptosis rate with lowered intracellular ATP concentrations and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoxia can induce a glycolytic phenotype of tumor cells. The sensitivity of tumor cells to hypoxia-induced cell death is directly correlated with their metabolic status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China. xgf_1972@sohu.com
authors.forename: Gaofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Maode
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wanfu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Ruichun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chuankun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D000097810:Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D000097810:Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C000631429:PDK1 protein, human