title: [Pain management in urology].
abstract: This article reviews aspects of postoperative and chronic pain management in urology patients. Continuous epidural techniques are recommended for extensive retroperitoneal und transperitoneal surgery due to its excellent analgesia and facilitation of enhanced recovery. In patients without regional analgesia techniques, intravenous or oral non-opioid analgesics should be combined with titration of fast acting opioids on an as-needed basis. Oral slow-release opioids are increasingly being used as part of systemic pain management although little evidence exists. Local wound infiltration and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment are simple and effective supplements for postoperative pain management. In 70-90% of urological cancer patients pain can be adequately relieved by consistent adherence to the WHO cancer pain recommendations. Additional pain relief approaches, such as radiation as well as psychosocial and spiritual needs of these patients have to be considered. In long-term treatment of non-cancer pain, effective use of opioids is not evidence-based. These patients often benefit from multimodal, interdisciplinary pain management comprising psychological and educational approaches as well as activating physiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Deutschland. Annette.Zimmer@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Greul
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meißner
mesh_terms: D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D014572:Urology / Q000639:trends