title: Depression and incident dementia. An 8-year population-based prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of depression (categorical diagnosis; major depression, MD) and depressive symptoms (dimensional diagnosis and symptom patterns) on incident dementia in the German general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA 75+), a representative sample of 1,265 individuals aged 75 years and older were interviewed every 1.5 years over 8 years (mean observation time 4.3 years; mean number of visits 4.2). Cox proportional hazards and binary logistic regressions were used to estimate the effect of baseline depression and depressive symptoms on incident dementia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of dementia was 48 per 1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI) 45-51). Depressive symptoms (Hazard ratio HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05), and in particular mood-related symptoms (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.14), showed a significant impact on the incidence of dementia only in univariate analysis, but not after adjustment for cognitive and functional impairment. MD showed only a significant impact on incidence of dementia in Cox proportional hazards regression, but not in binary logistic regression models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study using different diagnostic measures of depression on future dementia found no clear significant associations of depression and incident dementia. Further in-depth investigation would help to understand the nature of depression in the context of incident dementia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Melanie.Luppa@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luppa
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luck
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ritschel
authors.forename: Matthias C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Angermeyer
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villringer
authors.forename: Steffi G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Riedel-Heller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies