title: Cognitive-neural effects of brush writing of chinese characters: cortical excitation of theta rhythm.
abstract: Chinese calligraphy has been scientifically investigated within the contexts and principles of psychology, cognitive science, and the cognitive neuroscience. On the basis of vast amount of research in the last 30 years, we have developed a cybernetic theory of handwriting and calligraphy to account for the intricate interactions of several psychological dimensions involved in the dynamic act of graphic production. Central to this system of writing are the role of sensory, bio-, cognitive, and neurofeedback mechanisms for the initiation, guidance, and regulation of the writing motions vis-a-vis visual-geometric variations of Chinese characters. This experiment provided the first evidence of cortical excitation in EEG theta wave as a neural hub that integrates information coming from changes in the practitioner's body, emotions, and cognition. In addition, it has also confirmed neurofeedback as an essential component of the cybernetic theory of handwriting and calligraphy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Linguistics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong ; Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Henry S R
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Manlin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Stewart P W
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang