title: Comparison of two computerised anaesthesia delivery systems: pain and pain-related behaviour in children during a dental injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in pain and distress response of the child when using two different computer-controlled local analgesic delivery systems, the Sleeper One(®) and the WAND(®), and whether this was influenced by the anxiety level of the child.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomised controlled trial was conducted among 112 children (56 girls) aged 4-6 years (mean age 66 months, SD 9 months). All children needing at least one dental visit using local analgesia were randomly assigned to either the Sleeper One(®) or the WAND(®).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the injection phase, children expressed the same amount of disruptive behaviour using the Sleeper One(®) or the WAND(®) (Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). The average injection time of the Sleeper One(®) (mean 2.49 min, SD 0.56) was significantly shorter than that of the WAND(®) (mean 3.20 min, SD 0.61; Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant difference was found in pain and distress reaction of the child between the WAND(®) and the Sleeper One(®). The average delivery time of the Sleeper One(®) was shorter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, jacquelinenieuwenhuizen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuizen
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hembrecht
authors.forename: I H A
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Aartman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krikken
authors.forename: J S J
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Veerkamp
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local