title: Toric intraocular lenses: historical overview, patient selection, IOL calculation, surgical techniques, clinical outcomes, and complications.
abstract: We present an overview of currently available toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) and multifocal toric IOLs. Relevant patient selection criteria, IOL calculation issues, and surgical techniques for IOL implantation are discussed. Clinical outcomes including uncorrected visual acuity, residual refractive astigmatism, and spectacle independency, which have been reported for both toric IOLs and multifocal toric IOLs, are reviewed. The incidence of misalignment, the most important complication of toric IOLs, is determined. Finally, future developments in the field of toric IOLs are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Clinic, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands. nienke.visser@mumc.nl
authors.forename: Nienke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Noël J C
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Rudy M M A
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nuijts
mesh_terms: D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000379:methods*; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular / Q000600:supply & distribution* / Q000639:trends; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000379:methods*; D018579:Patient Selection; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology