title: Fluoride transport due to injection of reject water from RO process into the ground water through downstream bore well.
abstract: Fluoride removal using Reverse Osmosis has appreciable amount of fluorine in the reject stream. Disposal of reject water to surface water further contaminates the water body. It is required to dispose of this reject into the environment with minimal pollution. So a study on disposal of fluoride contaminated reject inside the ground water through bore well is done through theoretical modelling using COMSOL multiphysics software. It has been established that the rise in fluoride concentration in ground water due to injection of fluoride contaminated reject through bore well depends on the injection rate of reject inside the bore well and not on the initial background concentration of fluoride in the ground water. It has been found that for reject injection rate of 30 m3/day the rise in fluoride concentration in ground water with respect to initial background concentration of fluoride is less than 10% at a distance above 600m from the injection source after 100 years.
authors.affiliation: Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, India. cababu@igcar.gov.in
authors.forename: C Anand
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Sourabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sujish
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Rajan
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D005457:Fluoridation / Q000379:methods*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008956:Models, Chemical; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D005459:Fluorides