title: Maternal NLRP7 and C6orf221 variants are not a common risk factor for androgenetic moles, triploidy and recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: Maternal effect genes control early events of embryogenesis. Maternal homozygous and compound mutations in two such genes, NLRP7 and c6orf221, have been detected in the majority of women experiencing recurrent biparental hydatidiform moles. It was suggested that other forms of reproductive wastage, including diploid androgenetic moles, partial moles, polyploidy, recurrent spontaneous abortions and stillbirths of uncertain etiology, may be caused by NLRP7 or c6orf221 mutations in the mother. To elucidate which subpopulations of women with adverse reproductive outcomes should be screened for NLRP7/C6orf221 variants, we sequenced coding sequence and exon/intron boundaries of NLRP7 and C6orf221 in a well-defined group of 17 women with recurrent miscarriage and additional triploidy or complete hydatidiform moles. The major findings for this group were non-synonymous variants of NLRP7, rather than clearly pathogenic mutations. To assess the role of these variants, we genotyped them in a larger group including women with primary recurrent miscarriage (n = 39), paternal triploid conceptions (n = 22) and women with proven fertility after age 37 and no prior history of miscarriage or pregnancy complications (n = 52). No associations between non-synonymous NLRP7 variants and primary recurrent miscarriage or partial hydatidiform molar pregnancies were detected. Our findings suggest that neither mutations nor variants in NLRP7 and C6orf221 are major factors contributing to the risk of these types of pregnancy complications. Further studies in larger groups of patients and controls are needed to specify the impact of NLRP7 rare non-synonymous variants on genetic susceptibility to recurrent reproductive wastage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Manokhina
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: McFadden
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D057885:Triploidy
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C568062:KHDC3L protein, human; C502448:NLRP7 protein, human; D011506:Proteins
keywords: C6orf221; NLRP7; complete hydatidiform mole; recurrent miscarriage; triploidy