title: Effect of amphetamine on the clock gene expression in rat striatum.
abstract: Drug addicts have severe disruptions in many physiological and behavioral rhythms, such as the sleep/wake cycle. Interestingly, amphetamine, a psychostimulant, is able to alter many circadian patterns, which are independent of the master biological clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. To increase our understanding of the circadian regulation of amphetamine on clock gene expression, rats received subcutaneous injections of d-amphetamine and the clock gene mRNA levels were analyzed using real-time PCR to obtain a daily profile. In the striatum, acute injection of d-amphetamine did not alter Period (Per)1, Per2 and Reverse erythroblastosis virus α (Rev-erbα) expressions. Chronic administration shifted the phase of Per1 and Per2 expressions from a nocturnal to diurnal pattern and advance shifted the peak of Rev-erbα in d-amphetamine-treated animals. In contrast, the rhythm of Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1) was shifted from a diurnal to a nocturnal pattern by both acute and chronic treatments. These results demonstrated that chronic d-amphetamine treatment altered the expression of clock genes in the striatum. This might further influence the expression of related gene within the striatum and lead to behavioral and physiological changes which are associated to drug addiction.
authors.affiliation: Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom, Thailand.
authors.forename: Prapimpun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wongchitrat
authors.forename: Sujira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukda
authors.forename: Pansiri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Phansuwan-Pujito
authors.forename: Piyarat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Govitrapong
mesh_terms: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D056953:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; C498263:Nr1d1 protein, rat; D056953:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1; C539024:Per1 protein, rat; C513311:Per2 protein, rat; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D000661:Amphetamine