title: Validation of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL-36) US Spanish and English versions in a cohort of Hispanics with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the reliability and validity of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL-36) in Hispanics with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study
  
  
  METHODS
  420 Hispanic (150 English- and 270 Spanish-speakers), and 409 non-Hispanic White individuals, matched by age (mean 57 years), sex (60% male), kidney function (mean estimated glomerular filtration rate 36ml/min/1.73m2), and diabetes (70%).
  
  
  METHODS
  To measure construct validity, we selected instruments, comorbidities, and laboratory tests related to at least one KDQOL-36 subscale. Reliability was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliability of each KDQOL-36 subscale [SF-12 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS), Symptoms/Problems, Burden of Kidney Disease and Effects of Kidney Disease] was very good (Cronbach's alpha >0.8). Construct validity was supported by expected negative correlation between MCS scores and the Beck Depression Inventory in all three subgroups (r=-0.56 to -0.61, P<.0001). There was inverse correlation between the Symptoms/ Problems subscale and the Patient Symptom Form (r= -0.70 to -0.77, P<.0001). We also found significant, positive correlation between the PCS score and a physical activity survey (r=+0.29 to +0.38, P< or =.003); and between the PCS and MCS scores and the Kansas City Questionnaire (r= +0.31 to +0.64, P<.0001). Reliability and validity were similar across all racial/ethnic groups analyzed separately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the use of the KDQOL-36 as a measure of HRQOL in this cohort of US Hispanics with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA. aricar2@uic.edu
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ricardo
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hacker
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lora
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ackerson
authors.forename: Karen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: DeSalvo
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kusek
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nessel
authors.forename: Akinlolu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ojo
authors.forename: Raymond R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ferrans
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lash
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; D014481:United States