title: Transcriptional changes in the expression of chemokines related to natural killer and T-regulatory cells in patients with deep infiltrative endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression of chemokines that regulate natural killer (NK) and T-regulatory (T-reg) cell activity in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue samples from endometriosis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four consecutive patients with and without endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  After videolaparoscopy, patients were divided into three groups: bowel endometriosis (n = 22), retrocervical endometriosis (n = 10), and endometriosis-free women (n = 32).
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression of the chemokines that regulate NK (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, XCL1, and CX3CL1) and T-reg cell activity (CCL17 and CCL21) evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the chemokines associated with NK cells, CX3CL1 and CXCL12 expression was statistically significantly greater in the foci of endometriosis compared with the eutopic endometrium in patients and controls. From the chemokines associated with T-reg cells, CCL17 expression was statistically significantly greater in the eutopic endometrium of the patients with rectosigmoid endometriosis compared with the foci of endometriosis or eutopic endometrium of the patients with retrocervical endometriosis or the disease-free women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both T-reg and NK cells mediate inflammatory response and may play a fundamental role in endometriosis by causing an impaired clearing of endometrial cells. Establishing how CCL17, CXCL12, and CX3CL1 modulate this response is essential to understanding inflammatory responses in endometriosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. pbellelis@gmail.com
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bellelis
authors.forename: Denise Frediani
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Barbeiro
authors.forename: Luiz Vicente
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Edmund Chada
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Baracat
authors.forename: Mauricio Simões
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abrão
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Podgaec
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054414:Chemokine CCL17 / Q000032:analysis; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000032:analysis; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000032:analysis; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004717:Endometrium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C106230:CCL17 protein, human; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054414:Chemokine CCL17; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D018925:Chemokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators