title: The development of academic family medicine in central and eastern Europe since 1990.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the early 1990s former communist countries have been reforming their health care systems, emphasizing the key role of primary care and recognizing family medicine as a specialty and an academic discipline. This study assesses the level of academic development of the discipline characterised by education and research in central and eastern European (CEE) countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A key informants study, using a questionnaire developed on the basis of a systematic literature review and panel discussions, conducted in 11 central and eastern European countries and Russia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Family medicine in CEE countries is now formally recognized as a medical specialty and successfully introduced into medical training at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Almost all universities have FM/GP departments, but only a few of them are led by general practitioners. The specialist training programmes in all countries except Russia fulfil the recommendations of the European Parliament. Structured support for research in FM/GP is not always available. However specific scientific organisations function in almost all countries except Russia. Scientific conferences are regularly organised in all the countries, but peer-reviewed journals are published in only half of them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Family medicine has a relatively strong position in medical education in central and eastern Europe, but research in family practice is less developed. Although the position of the discipline at the universities is not very strong, most of the CEE countries can serve as an example of successful academic development for countries southern Europe, where family medicine is still not fully recognised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Chair of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krztoń-Królewiecka
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Švab
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oleszczyk
authors.forename: Bohumil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: W Henry
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Smithson
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Windak
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000639:trends*; D000328:Adult; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D003479:Curriculum; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D005061:Europe, Eastern; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013038:Specialization / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires