title: Prevalence of bipolar disorder in a HIV-infected outpatient population.
abstract: This study assesses the prevalence of bipolar disorder (BD) among 196 HIV-infected adult outpatients attending in a specialized unit in Fortaleza, Brazil. Patients were interviewed with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and a socio-demographic questionnaire based on WHO's behavioral surveillance surveys. Positive MDQ screening was found in 13.2% (N=26) and the BD diagnosis was confirmed in 8.1% (N=16) of the sample. There is an almost four times higher prevalence of BD among the HIV-infected patients of the sample (8.1%) than in the general population from the USA (2.1%). The prevalence of BD type I in the HIV patients was 5.6% (N=11) which is almost six times higher than the US general population (1%). The odds ratios of sexual behaviors and substance abuse variables correlated with BD were calculated. The variables associated with the diagnoses of BD were sex with commercial partners, sex outside the primary relationship, alcohol use disorders, and illicit drug abuse. The most common psychiatric comorbidity in the BD group was substance abuse (61.5%). A better understanding of psychiatric comorbidities and behavioral aspects of HIV-positive patients may help in improving long-term outcome of these patients.
authors.affiliation: a Affective Disorders Study Group (GETA), Department of Clinical Medicine , Federal University of Ceará (UFC) , Fortaleza , CE , Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Sousa Gurgel
authors.forename: Alexandre Henrique
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: da Silva Carneiro
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barreto Rebouças
authors.forename: Karla Julianne
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Negreiros de Matos
authors.forename: Terezinha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: do Menino Jesus Silva Leitão
authors.forename: Fábio Gomes
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: de Matos e Souza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011584:Psychology; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology