title: Premixed calcium silicate cement for endodontic applications: injectability, setting time and radiopacity.
abstract: Calcium silicate-based materials (also called MTA) are increasingly being used in endodontic applications. However, the handling properties of MTA are not optimal when it comes to injectability and cohesion. Premixing the cements using glycerol avoids these issues. However, there is a lack of data on the effect of common cement variables on important properties of premixed cements for endodontic applications. In this study, the effects of liquid-to-powder ratio, amount of radiopacifier and amount of calcium sulfate (added to control the setting time) were screened using a statistical model. In the second part of the study, the liquid-to-powder ratio was optimized for cements containing three different amounts of radiopacifier. Finally, the effect of using glycerol rather than water was evaluated in terms of radiopacity. The setting time was found to increase with the amount of radiopacifier when the liquid-to-powder ratio was fixed. This was likely due to the higher density of the radiopacifier in comparison to the calcium silicate, which gave a higher liquid-to-powder ratio in terms of volume. Using glycerol rather than water to mix the cements led to a decrease in radiopacity of the cement. In conclusion, we were able to produce premixed calcium silicate cements with acceptable properties for use in endodontic applications.
authors.affiliation: Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. cecilia.persson@angstrom.uu.se
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engqvist
mesh_terms: D001843:Bone Cements; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D004708:Endodontics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011208:Powders; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012823:Silicate Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003287:Contrast Media; D003738:Dental Cements; D011208:Powders; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D012823:Silicate Cement; D005990:Glycerol; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: calcium silicate; cement; dental; endodontic; injectability; premixed; radiopacity; setting time