title: Dual antibacterial agents of nano-silver and 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide in dental adhesive to inhibit caries.
abstract: Dental resins containing 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) showed potent antibacterial functions. Recent studies developed antibacterial resins containing nanoparticles of silver (NAg). The objectives of this study were to develop an adhesive containing dual agents of MDPB and NAg for the first time and to investigate the combined effects of antibacterial adhesive and primer on biofilm viability, metabolic activity, lactic acid, dentin bond strength, and fibroblast cytotoxicity. MDPB and NAg were incorporated into Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) adhesive "A" and primer "P". Five systems were tested: SBMP adhesive A; A + MDPB; A+NAg; A + MDPB + NAg; P + MDPB + NAg together with A + MDPB + NAg. Dental plaque microcosm biofilms were cultured using mixed saliva from 10 donors. Metabolic activity, colony-forming units, and lactic acid production of biofilms were investigated. Human fibroblast cytotoxicity of bonding agents was determined. MDPB + NAg in adhesive/primer did not compromise dentin bond strength (p > 0.1). MDPB or NAg alone in adhesive substantially reduced the biofilm activities. Dual agents MDPB + NAg in adhesive significantly reduced the biofilm viability compared with each agent alone (p < 0.05). The greatest inhibition of biofilms was achieved when both adhesive and primer contained MDPB + NAg. Fibroblast viability of groups with dual antibacterial agents was similar to control using culture medium without resin eluents (p > 0.1). In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that the antibacterial potency of MDPB adhesive could be substantially enhanced via NAg. Adding MDPB + NAg into both primer and adhesive achieved the strongest antibiofilm efficacy. The dual agent (MDPB + NAg) method could have wide applicability to other adhesives, sealants, cements, and composites to inhibit biofilms and caries.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imazato
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Huaibing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dwayne D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Arola
authors.forename: Yuxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Hockin H K
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D012834:Silver / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003738:Dental Cements; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C089392:methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide; D012834:Silver
keywords: MDPB; antibacterial adhesive; dental plaque microcosm biofilm; dentin bond strength; fibroblast cytotoxicity; silver nanoparticles