title: Magnesium and the risk of cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prospective studies that have examined the association between dietary magnesium intake and serum magnesium concentrations and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events have reported conflicting findings. We undertook a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between dietary magnesium intake and serum magnesium concentrations and the risk of total CVD events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed systematic searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and OVID up to February 1, 2012 without limits. Categorical, linear, and nonlinear, dose-response, heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup, and meta-regression analysis were performed. The analysis included 532,979 participants from 19 studies (11 studies on dietary magnesium intake, 6 studies on serum magnesium concentrations, and 2 studies on both) with 19,926 CVD events. The pooled relative risks of total CVD events for the highest vs. lowest category of dietary magnesium intake and serum magnesium concentrations were 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.92) and 0.77 (0.66 to 0.87), respectively. In linear dose-response analysis, only serum magnesium concentrations ranging from 1.44 to 1.8 mEq/L were significantly associated with total CVD events risk (0.91, 0.85 to 0.97) per 0.1 mEq/L (P(nonlinearity)= 0.465). However, significant inverse associations emerged in nonlinear models for dietary magnesium intake (P(nonlinearity)= 0.024). The greatest risk reduction occurred when intake increased from 150 to 400 mg/d. There was no evidence of publication bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a statistically significant nonlinear inverse association between dietary magnesium intake and total CVD events risk. Serum magnesium concentrations are linearly and inversely associated with the risk of total CVD events.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Fangchun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Huiwu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Kerong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium