title: Prognostic value of p16 expression and alcohol consumption in Japanese patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence and prognostic value of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in Japan has not been evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 12-year period, the authors used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of p16 (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and tumor suppressor) in samples from 173 patients with OPSCC at a single institution and to determine its prevalence and influence on disease prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of p16-positive OPSCC was 33.7% in tonsillar carcinoma, 28.6% in tongue base carcinoma, 0% in posterior wall carcinoma, and 18.8% in soft palate carcinoma. The prevalence of p16-positive OPSCC tumors increased from 15.2% during 2000 to 2003 up to 33.3% during 2008 to 2011; during the same periods, among nonsmokers, the prevalence of p16-positive OPSCC tumors increased from 21.2% to 27.8%; and, among nondrinkers, prevalence increased from 6.1% to 25%. Multivariate analysis identified p16 expression and alcohol consumption as significant, independent prognostic markers of OPSCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results suggest that the incidence of human papillomavirus-related OPSCC in Japan is increasing and indicate that p16 expression and alcohol consumption may be significant prognostic markers of survival for patients with OPSCC in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. saitou-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushiku
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ebihara
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimono
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukayama
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asakage
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C000614131:CDKN2A protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins