title: [The new OCT generation offers deep insights: imaging of the choroid using the Cirrus OCT].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Until now depiction of the choroid using time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Stratus III) was barely possible. Visualization of choroidal perfusion was carried out using indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). The spectral-domain OCT, such as Cirrus OCT (C-OCT) is able to image the choroid better because it offers higher resolution, increased penetration depth of the scan beam and faster acquisition of A-scan data. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of choroidal imaging in patients suffering from macular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The advanced visualization tool of C-OCT was primarily used and converted to a z-axis topography. Because of a special algorithm developed by our team, targeted imaging of the choroidal vessels was possible through the scanned two dimensional retinal areas. This image offers an extended image of choroidal vessels (large and small vessels) in several levels. In total 20 patients eyes (n = 15 with various macular diseases and n = 5 normal conditions) who underwent C-OCT and ICG angiography (HRA 2) were chosen to participate in this special algorithm. A precise correlation of ICG and choroid OCT in a semitransparent manner was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first prototype of the recognition software prototype produced clear imaging of the choroid in 100% of cases but only in 55% in the macular region depending on the extent of macular disease. Limitations were low signal intensity and penetration depth as well as a poorly defined retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris especially in macular diseases of the RPE layer. After a black and white conversion in OCT using the software it was possible in all cases to integrate the choroidal OCT with the ICG angiogram in a semitransparent manner. This confirms that the choroidal vessels in C-OCT correlated identically with the ICG angiography. In contrast to the ICG where the contrast agent in the vessel emits a signal, the choroidal vessels are visible due to different reflectivity in the merging tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These investigations showed that non-invasive topographic imaging of the choroid using spectral domain OCT, such as Cirrus OCT is now possible. Distinguishability of smaller vessels was excellent. The ICG (perfusion) and C-OCT (morphology) methods are two very different vessel imaging techniques. The integration of both methods is possible. The clinical relevance of the new image information still has to be researched.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Augenklinik Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20251, Hamburg, Deutschland. hassenstein@uke.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassenstein
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology*; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000295:instrumentation*