title: Comparative analysis of realistic CT-scan and simplified human airway models in airflow simulation.
abstract: Efforts to model the human upper respiratory system have undergone many phases. Geometrical proximity to the realistic shape has been the subject of many research projects. In this study, three different geometries of the trachea and main bronchus were modelled, which were reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) scan images. The geometrical variations were named realistic, simplified and oversimplified. Realistic refers to the lifelike image taken from digital imaging and communications in medicine format CT scan images, simplified refers to the reconstructed image based on natural images without realistic details pertaining to the rough surfaces, and oversimplified describes the straight wall geometry of the airway. The characteristics of steady state flows with different flow rates were investigated, simulating three varied physical activities and passing through each model. The results agree with previous studies where simplified models are sufficient for providing comparable results for airflow in human airways. This work further suggests that, under most exercise conditions, the idealised oversimplified model is not favourable for simulating either airflow regimes or airflow with particle depositions. However, in terms of immediate analysis for the prediction of abnormalities of various dimensions of human airways, the oversimplified techniques may be used.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Universiti Malaysia Pahang , 26600 Pekan , Pahang , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nasrul Hadi
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Johari
authors.forename: Kahar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Nor Harris N
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Helmi
authors.forename: Mohammed A Rafiq
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abdul Kadir
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008954:Models, Biological; D011312:Pressure; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: computational fluid dynamics; flow behaviour; realistic and simplified model