title: Improvement of liquid fructose-induced adipose tissue insulin resistance by ginger treatment in rats is associated with suppression of adipose macrophage-related proinflammatory cytokines.
abstract: Adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR) results in excessive release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue, which plays a key role in the development of "lipotoxicity." Therefore, amelioration of Adipo-IR may benefit the treatment of other metabolic abnormalities. Here we found that treatment with the alcoholic extract of ginger (50 mg/kg/day, by oral gavage) for five weeks attenuated liquid fructose-induced hyperinsulinemia and an increase in the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index in rats. More importantly, ginger reversed the increases in the Adipo-IR index and plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations during the oral glucose tolerance test assessment. Adipose gene/protein expression profiles revealed that ginger treatment suppressed CD68 and F4/80, two important macrophage accumulation markers. Consistently, the macrophage-associated cytokines tissue necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 were also downregulated. In contrast, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, but not IRS-2, was upregulated. Moreover, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and its receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-2 were also suppressed. Thus these results suggest that amelioration of fructose-induced Adipo-IR by ginger treatment in rats is associated with suppression of adipose macrophage-related proinflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huanqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Dazhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Guowei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Johji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamahara
authors.forename: Yuhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li