title: Anatomical features of rheumatic and non-rheumatic mitral stenosis: potential additional value of three-dimensional echocardiography.
abstract: Although mitral stenosis is mostly due to rheumatic fever, other etiologies, such as degenerative, congenital, drug- or radiotherapy-induced mitral stenosis, are emerging and need to be recognized in order to decide the best therapeutic options. This pictorial review describes the echocardiographic features of these different anatomical types and the additional value of three-dimensional echocardiography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krapf
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dreyfus
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cueff
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lepage
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brochet
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vahanian
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Messika-Zeitoun
mesh_terms: D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012307:Risk Factors