title: Immunotherapy for the management of advanced melanoma: the next steps.
abstract: Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor that can induce a natural immune response. A number of immunotherapy-based approaches have been developed over the past decades, and certain degrees of effectiveness were achieved by the use of cytokines, adoptive cell transfer and T-cell immune modulators. Currently, interleukin-2 and the immune stimulatory antibody, ipilimumab, are the only two approved immunotherapies for metastatic melanoma, but various new therapies are in promising developmental stages. This comprehensive review will discuss the latest achievements of immunotherapy and emerging directions for the management of advanced melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Ella Institute for Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat-Gan, Israel.
authors.forename: Dragoslav
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zikich
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schachter
authors.forename: Michal J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Besser
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer / Q000379:methods; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000074324:Ipilimumab; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D000074324:Ipilimumab