title: Sccmec type II gene is common among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Jakarta, Indonesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a strain of MRSA that can cause infections in patients in the community, in which these patients had no previous risk factors for MRSA infection and the patient received 72 hours prior to infection when admitted to hospital. This study aims to determine and compare the characteristics of epidemiological, clinical, and molecular biology of CA-MRSA with HA-MRSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 11 clinical strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-sensitive Stapylococcus aureus (MSSA) were collected from 2 hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2012. SCCmec typing was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the presence of six genes (vraR, vraG, vraA, vraF,fruA, and fruB) associated with vancomycin resistance was examined by simple PCR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found three strains of community-acquired MRSA with SCCmec type II and one strain of hospital-acquired MRSA with SCCmec type IV. The other seven strains did not contain mecA genes and SCCmec. Plasmid pUB110 was found in one strain of community-acquired MRSA and two strains of hospital-acquired MRSA. vraA genes were present in 9 of the 11 strains, vraF in 4, vraG in 5, and vraR in 4. Note worthily, three quarters of strains without pUB110 contained vraR and vraF, and 70% contained vraA, whereas 60% of strains with pUB110 contained vraG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results, we should be concerned about the possibility of transition from MRSA strains sensitive to vancomycin in VISA strains of MRSA strains obtained in clinical trials. But first we need to look the existence of natural VISA or hVISA among these MRSA strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, RSAB Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Latre
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buntaran
authors.forename: Mochammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.forename: Andi R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: Ressy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dwiyanti
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabir
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000583:Amikacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D000069349:Linezolid; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D008911:Minocycline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013045:Species Specificity; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000078304:Tigecycline; D013997:Time Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D017931:DNA Primers; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D002981:Clindamycin; D017334:Teicoplanin; D014640:Vancomycin; D000078304:Tigecycline; D000583:Amikacin; D008911:Minocycline; D000069349:Linezolid