title: Altered gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia.
abstract: The underlying pathology of schizophrenia (SZ) is likely as heterogeneous as its symptomatology. A variety of cortical and subcortical regions, including the prefrontal cortex, have been implicated in its pathology, and a number of genes have been identified as risk factors for disease development. We used in situ hybridization (ISH) to examine the expression of 58 genes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, comprised of Brodmann areas 9 and 46) from 19 individuals with a premorbid diagnosis of SZ and 33 control individuals. Genes were selected based on: (1) previous identification as risk factors for SZ; (2) cell type markers or (3) laminar markers. Cell density and staining intensity were compared in the DLPFC, as well as separately in Brodmann areas 9 and 46. The expression patterns of a variety of genes, many of which are associated with the GABAergic system, were altered in SZ when compared with controls. Additional genes, including C8orf79 and NR4A2, showed alterations in cell density or staining intensity between the groups, highlighting the need for additional studies. Alterations were, with only a few exceptions, limited to Brodmann area 9, suggesting regional specificity of pathology in the DLPFC. Our results agree with previous studies on the GABAergic involvement in SZ, and suggest that areas 9 and 46 may be differentially affected in the disease. This study also highlights additional genes that may be altered in SZ, and indicates that these potentially interesting genes can be identified by ISH and high-throughput image analysis techniques.
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Guillozet-Bongaarts
authors.affiliation: 1] Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes Cognition and Psychosis Program, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA [3] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dalley
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hawrylycz
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hohmann
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Royall
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.affiliation: Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: 1] Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes Cognition and Psychosis Program, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kleinman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism; D059906:Neuroimaging; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins