title: Treatment-induced host-mediated mechanisms reducing the efficacy of antitumor therapies.
abstract: In addition to its direct effects on tumor cells, chemotherapy can rapidly activate various host processes that contribute to therapy resistance and tumor regrowth. The host response to chemotherapy consists of changes in numerous cell types and cytokines. Examples include the acute mobilization and tumor homing of pro-angiogenic bone marrow-derived cells, activation of cells in the tumor microenvironment to produce systemic or paracrine factors, and tissue-specific responses that provide a protective niche for tumor cells. All of these factors reduce chemotherapy efficacy, and blocking the host response at various levels may therefore significantly improve treatment outcome. However, before the combination of conventional chemotherapy with agents blocking specific aspects of the host response can be implemented into clinical practice, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the host response is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L G M
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Daenen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Houthuijzen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cirkel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J M L
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roodhart
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shaked
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Voest
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents