title: Portal hypertensive polyps: distinct entity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric mucosal changes in portal hypertension (PH) are well known, but gastroduodenal polyps in PH are rarely described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to estimate prevalence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) polyps in patients with PH of any etiology and to evaluate the role of angiogenesis in portal hypertensive polyps.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy to compare the etiology of the polyps in the portal hypertensive group vs. those without PH. The diagnosis of polyps was done using standard histological criteria. Another part of the study consisted of prospective analysis of vascular proliferative marker CD 34 and morphometry in 47 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3,811 upper GI endoscopies were done of which 121 patients (3.2 %) had polyps in upper GI tract. In patients with PH (=631), polyps were noted in 16, portal hypertensive polyps in 9, hyperplastic in 6, and fundic gland polyp in 1. In the patients without PH (n = 3,180), polyps of various etiologies were noted in 105 patients. The prevalence of polyps of all causes was similar in both groups (2.5 % vs. 3.3 %, p = 0.3957). Prevalence of hyperplastic polyps was similar in PH (0.95 %) and non-PH group (1.3 %). On immunohistochemistry, PH polyps and PH gastric mucosa had significantly higher vessel diameter of >50 μm, increased vascular density as compared to non-portal hypertensive polyps (PHP) and normal gastric mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHP are definite identifiable lesion in patients of cirrhosis with PH. PHP are probably related to increased angiogenesis in gastric mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department Pathology, SRL and Dr Avinash Phadke Laboratory, Mumbai 400 008, India. anjali1963@gmail.com
authors.forename: Anjali D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Amarapurkar
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amarapurkar
authors.forename: Mehul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choksi
authors.forename: Nirav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amarapurkar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies