title: Clinical implications of daytime sleepiness for the academic performance of middle school-aged adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: This study investigated the relative impact of total time slept per night and daytime sleepiness on the academic functioning of 100 middle school-aged youth (mean age = 11.9) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The primary goal of the study was to determine if total time slept per night and/or daytime sleepiness, as measured by youth self-report on the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), predicted academic functioning above and beyond symptoms of ADHD and relevant covariates, such as intelligence, achievement scores and parent education level. Self-reported daytime sleepiness but not self-reported total time slept per night was associated significantly with all academic outcomes. When examined in a hierarchical regression model, self-reported daytime sleepiness significantly predicted parent-rated homework problems and academic impairment and teacher-rated academic competence above and beyond symptoms of ADHD and relevant covariates, but did not predict grade point average or teacher-rated academic impairment. The implications of these findings for understanding more clearly the association between ADHD and sleep and the functional implications of this relationship are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinatti, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Langberg
authors.forename: Melissa R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dvorsky
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004522:Educational Status; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D012044:Regression Analysis; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: academics; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; daytime sleepiness; school grades; sleep