title: Improved microcalcification visualization using dual-energy digital mammography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dual-energy digital mammography (DEDM), involving a combination of high-energy (HE) and low-energy (LE) images, has been investigated as offering a potential improvement in microcalcification detection obscured by overlapping tissue structures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the possibility to improve detection of microcalcifications using the DEDM technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three DEDM protocols were performed by adjusting the effective tube current time product (mAs) of LE image at the same (100%), one half (50%), and one-quarter (25%) of that used in HE image acquisition, named DEDM100%, DEDM50%, and DEDM25%, respectively. A single-energy digital mammography (SEDM) method was also used as a control. A total of 525 regions of interest (ROIs) were used to compare the performance of the DEDM to that of SEDM using free-response receiver-operating characteristic (FROC) and areas under the FROC curve (Az).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All DEDM protocols ranked significantly higher than the SEDM method (P < 0.001). The true-positive fraction was 0.90 for an average of 0.017-0.042 false-positive per image using the DEDM100%, 0.017-0.114 using the DEDM50%, 0.021-0.148 using the DEDM25%, and 0.134-0.422 using the SEDM. The estimated Az values were 0.915-0.940, 0.867-0.935, 0.824-0.930, and 0.567-0.673, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DEDM50% protocol provided a trade-off benefit between accurate microcalcification detectability and radiation dose for any tissue density. Therefore, the DEDM50% has the potential to minimize excess radiation dose without a negative impact on image quality which could improve earlier diagnosis of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung.
authors.forename: Chia-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ran-Chou
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Wen-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Jason J S
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012372:ROC Curve; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods
keywords: Dual-energy digital mammography; microcalcification; radiation dose