title: Anacardic acids from cashew nuts ameliorate lung damage induced by exposure to diesel exhaust particles in mice.
abstract: Anacardic acids from cashew nut shell liquid, a Brazilian natural substance, have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and modulate immune responses and angiogenesis. As inflammatory lung diseases have been correlated to environmental pollutants exposure and no reports addressing the effects of dietary supplementation with anacardic acids on lung inflammation in vivo have been evidenced, we investigated the effects of supplementation with anacardic acids in a model of diesel exhaust particle- (DEP-) induced lung inflammation. BALB/c mice received an intranasal instillation of 50  μ g of DEP for 20 days. Ten days prior to DEP instillation, animals were pretreated orally with 50, 150, or 250 mg/kg of anacardic acids or vehicle (100  μ L of cashew nut oil) for 30 days. The biomarkers of inflammatory and antioxidant responses in the alveolar parenchyma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and pulmonary vessels were investigated. All doses of anacardic acids ameliorated antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased vascular adhesion molecule in vessels. Animals that received 50 mg/kg of anacardic acids showed decreased levels of neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor in the lungs and BALF, respectively. In summary, we demonstrated that AAs supplementation has a potential protective role on oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms in the lungs.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LPAE), Department of Pathology, São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455/Room 1155, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Laura Nicoletti
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Annoni
authors.forename: Larissa Helena Lobo
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Cardoso Santos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Durão
authors.forename: Ana Lucia Borges
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Francine Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Cristina Bichels
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Hebeda
authors.forename: Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino Santos
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolhnikoff
authors.forename: Milton Arruda
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando Ferraz
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Sandra Helena Poliselli
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Farsky
authors.forename: Paulo Hilário Nascimento
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Saldiva
authors.forename: Cornelia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marcourakis
authors.forename: Maria Teresa Salles
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.forename: Thais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mauad