title: [Anesthesiological time requirements and reasons for delayed processes in MRI examinations of children undergoing sedation or general anesthesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MRI examinations in children under sedation or general anesthesia are a multidisciplinary challenge for pediatric, radiology and anesthesiology departments. This article presents findings about patient population, anesthesiology procedures and process times in pediatric MRI procedures under sedation or general anesthesia. The analysis is focused on the potential to optimize process times.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively over a 5-year period, data from diagnostic radiology procedures in children requiring sedation or general anesthesia were retrieved from anesthesia records and analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median anesthesia time in patients without an airway device was 6 min. In patients with a laryngeal mask (19 min) and in patients receiving endotracheal intubation (20 min), the anesthesia time was significantly longer (p < 0.001). The need for airway management in the age groups was 67 % for neonates, 25 % for infants, 8 % for toddlers and 7 % for school children. Improved clinical pathways could potentially save additional time up to 69 hours in our period of investigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In relation to older children, toddlers, infants and neonates had the longest process times in diagnostic radiology procedures, caused by the need to secure the airway. Improved pre-MRI processes have an enormous potential to generate additional examination time.
authors.affiliation: Anästhesiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. sebastian.heinrich@kfa.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irouschek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Birkholz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janka
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058109:Airway Management / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*