title: Salivary and serum analysis in children diagnosed with pneumonia.
abstract: The aim of the current study was to evaluate specific markers for pneumonia by using a non-invasive assessment of inflammatory/oxidative biomarkers in saliva accompanying a routine serum analysis. No study evaluating saliva of children with pneumonia has been published previously. Salivary analysis was performed in 15 children diagnosed with lobar pneumonia and in a parallel group of 16 children matching in age and gender in whom there was no respiratory illness, and compared to the serum analysis obtained routinely in both groups of children. Salivary flow rate was lower in the patients' group as was uric acid concentration (by 60%). Increase in salivary concentrations of almost all parameters analyzed was found: Ca, P, and Mg concentrations were higher in the patients' group by 23%, 55%, and 33%, respectively, while LDH, total protein amylase and albumin concentrations were higher by 275%, 79%, and 42%, respectively. In the serum, white cell counts and neutrophils were significantly higher, and sodium level significantly lower in the patients' group. Compositional changes were in the range of 3-80% while the saliva alterations were more profound, in the range of 42-275%. The results demonstrated in the current study indicate salivary analysis as a potentially novel tool for children with pneumonia. Human salivary collection and analysis is a non-invasive tool that could provide additional information for diagnosis and follow-up of pneumonia, especially in children. This is especially beneficial for pediatric patients, as salivary collection is simple, non-invasive, and patient-friendly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yafe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klein Kremer
authors.forename: Ela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuzminsky
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bentur
authors.forename: Rafael M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nagler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides
keywords: flow rate; pediatrics; pneumonia; saliva; serum