title: Compartmentalization of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in renal-transplanted pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated whether chronic exposure to immunosuppression in transplant recipients modulate the placental inflammatory cytokine levels associated to gestational tolerance mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were collected from 12 renal transplanted pregnant under immunosuppressive regimen treatment and 10 healthy women in second/third trimester of gestation. Term placental tissues (decidua and chorionic villi) were also obtained after elective caesarean. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70 and TNF-α were measured, as also in placental homogenates, by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) combined with flow cytometry and, TGF-β and IL-18 were measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of IL-6 (p = 0.0001) and TNF-α (0.0112) were higher in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and in decidua the spectrum of increased pro inflammatory cytokines was wider: IL-1β (p = 0.0001), IL-6 (p = 0.0001), IL-8 (p = 0.0001), IL-12p70 (p = 0.0001), TGF-β (p = 0.0089) and TNF-α (p = 0.0002). TGF-β1 was particularly increased in decidual compartment (p = 0.001). In the chorionic villous, pro inflammatory profile also were maintained. High IL-1β (p = 0.0001), IL-6 (p = 0.0001), IL-8 (p = 0.0001) and TNF-α (p = 0.0001) levels establish a similar pattern to that seem in decidua.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunosuppressors may impair the immune response, but when associated with pregnancy the cytokine levels seems to shift a proinflammatory profile in placental compartments, which might also impact on the gestational outcomes in transplanted mothers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , SP , Brazil .
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Correa-Silva
authors.forename: Karen Matias do
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.forename: Leandro Gustavo
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Niels Olsen Saraiva
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Camara
authors.forename: Estela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bevilacqua
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D003656:Decidua / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha