title: Relation between energy intake and glycemic control in physically active young adults with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships between daily energy expenditure, energy intake and glycemic control in young adults with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Energy expenditure (kcal kg(-1)d(-1)) and duration of participation in physical activity were measured from a 3-d activity diary and categorized according to their intensity on a 1-9 scale. Energy intake was measured by a 3-d food record. Glycemic control was measured using the HbA1c.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Energy expenditure and intake were assessed in 35 young adults with type 1 diabetes (age: 28 ± 7 years). Participants with higher energy expenditure from moderate to intense physical activity (categories 6-9) presented higher proportion of energy intake derived from carbohydrate and lower proportion of lipids in the diet with significantly higher HbA(1c) values (7.3 ± 1.0% vs 6.7 ± 0.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that highly physically active individuals with type 1 diabetes consume more carbohydrates than lipids, a strategy that may affect their glycemic control. Further studies are needed to develop interventions to improve glycemic control in highly active individuals with type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Unit, CRCHUL, Québec, Qc, Canada; Endocrinology and Genomics, Laval University Medical Center, Québec, Qc, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dubé
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Québec, Qc, Canada.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prud'homme
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Qc, Canada.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Qc, Canada.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Unit, CRCHUL, Québec, Qc, Canada; Endocrinology and Genomics, Laval University Medical Center, Québec, Qc, Canada; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Qc, Canada. Electronic address: john.weisnagel@crchul.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: S John
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weisnagel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Energy expenditure; Glycemic control; Insulin; Nutrition; Type 1 diabetes