title: Categorization of intraoperative ureteroscopy complications using modified Satava classification system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our experience with ureteroscopy (URS) in the treatment of ureteral calculi and stratify intraoperative complications of URS according to the modified Satava classification system.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of 1,208 patients (672 males and 536 females), with a mean age of 43.1 years (range 1-78), who underwent ureteroscopic procedures for removal of ureteral stones. Intraoperative complications were recorded according to modified Satava classification system. Grade 1 complications included incidents without consequences for the patient; grade 2 complications, which are treated intraoperatively with endoscopic surgery (grade 2a) or required endoscopic re-treatment (grade 2b); and grade 3 complications included incidents requiring open or laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stones were completely removed in 1,067 (88.3%) patients after primary procedure by either simple extraction or after fragmentation. The overall incidence of intraoperative complications was 12.6%. The most common complications were proximal stone migration (3.9%), mucosal injury (2.8%), bleeding (1.9%), inability to reach stone (1.8%), malfunctioning or breakage of instruments (0.8%), ureteral perforation (0.8%) and ureteral avulsion (0.16%). According to modified Satava classification system, there were 4.5% grade 1; 4.4% grade 2a; 3.2% grade 2b; and 0.57% grade 3 complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We think that modified Satava classification is a quick and simple system for describing the severity of intraoperative URS complications and this grading system will facilitate a better comparison for the surgical outcomes obtained from different centers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdulkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tepeler
authors.forename: Berkan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Resorlu
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Selcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarikaya
authors.forename: Mirze
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayindir
authors.forename: Ural
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armagan
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unsal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014513:Ureter / Q000293:injuries; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult