title: Influence of stress hormones on the auxin homeostasis in Brassica rapa seedlings.
abstract: KEY MESSAGE : Stress hormones, particularly jasmonic acid, influenced root growth, auxin levels, and transcription of auxin amidohydrolase BrIAR3 in Brassica rapa seedlings, while auxin conjugate synthetases BrGH3.1 and BrGH3.9 were down-regulated by all treatments. The influence of stress hormones: jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and abscisic acid (ABA) on 1-day-old seedlings of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) was investigated with particular focus on auxin levels and the regulation of reversible auxin conjugation as a mechanism of auxin homeostasis. At the physiological level, stress hormones inhibited root growth, where JA was the most prominent inhibitor with an IC50 value 3.1 μM, which is one and two orders of magnitude lower than that found for ABA and SA, respectively. JA treatment significantly increased the total auxin content, by induction of free and conjugated forms. Also, the stress hormones affected the transcription of genes involved in the process of the reversible auxin conjugation: auxin amidohydrolases BrIAR3 and BrILL2, and auxin conjugate synthetases BrGH3.1 and BrGH3.9. JA treatment increased the transcript level of BrIAR3 two-fold, while it did not affect the transcription of BrILL2. SA and ABA down-regulated the transcription of both auxin amidohydrolase genes by 30 %. Transcription of both auxin conjugate synthetases was significantly down-regulated by all treatments by 30-70 %. Among the investigated biochemical stress markers, glutathione along with protein carbonylation appeared the most affected upon treatments. The redox status of the seedlings was shifted to the more oxidized state upon JA and ABA treatments, whereas SA caused more reduced redox state in comparison to the control. The principal component analysis visualized relationship among auxin and stress parameters upon treatments. Accordingly, the role of auxin in stress response of Brassica seedlings was discussed.
authors.affiliation: Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O.Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. salopek@irb.hr
authors.forename: Branka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salopek-Sondi
authors.forename: Dunja
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Šamec
authors.forename: Snježana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihaljević
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smolko
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pavlović
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janković
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ludwig-Müller
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001937:Brassica / Q000378:metabolism*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D054883:Oxylipins; D010636:Phenols; C011006:jasmonic acid; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D005978:Glutathione; D020156:Salicylic Acid