title: Critical size bone defect reconstruction by an autologous 3D osteogenic-like tissue derived from differentiated adipose MSCs.
abstract: For critical size bone defects and bone non-unions, bone tissue engineering using osteoblastic differentiated adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) is limited by the need for a biomaterial to support cell transplantation. An osteoblastic three-dimensional autologous graft made of AMSCs (3D AMSC) was developed to solve this issue. This autograft was obtained by supplementing the osteoblastic differentiation medium with demineralized bone matrix. Two surgical models were developed to assess the potential of this 3D osteogenic AMSC autograft. A four-level spinal fusion using polyetheretherketone cages was designed in six pigs to assess the early phase of ossification (8-12 weeks postimplantation). In each pig, four groups were compared: cancellous bone autograft, freeze-dried irradiated cancellous pig bone, 3D AMSC, and an empty cage. A critical size femoral defect (n = 4, bone non-union confirmed 6 months postoperatively) was used to assess the 3D AMSCs' ability to achieve bone fusion. Pigs were followed by CT scan and explanted specimens were analyzed for bone tissue remodeling by micro-CT scan, micro-radiography, and histology/histomorphometry. In the spine fusion model, bone formation with the 3D AMSC was demonstrated by a significant increase in bone content. In the critical-size femoral defect model, the 3D AMSC achieved new bone formation and fusion in a poorly vascularized fibrotic environment. This custom-made 3D osteogenic AMSC autograft is a therapeutic solution for bone non-unions and for critical-size defects.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Cell Therapy Unit, Center of Tissue and Cell Therapy, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lafont
authors.forename: Gwen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beaurin
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grisay
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Behets
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gianello
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dufrane
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D007659:Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011108:Polymers; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols