title: Neuronal damage and gliosis in the somatosensory cortex induced by various durations of transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils.
abstract: Although many studies regarding ischemic brain damage in the gerbil have been reported, studies on neuronal damage according to various durations of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) have been limited. In this study, we examined neuronal damage/death and glial changes in the somatosensory cortex 4 days after 5, 10 and 15 min of transient cerebral ischemia using the gerbil. To examine neuronal damage, we used Fluoro-Jade B (F-J B, a marker for neuronal degeneration) histofluorescence staining as well as cresyl violet (CV) staining and neuronal nuclei (NeuN, neuronal marker) immunohistochemistry. In the somatosensory cortex, some CV and NeuN positive (+) neurons were slightly decreased only in layers III and VI in the 5 min ischemia-group, and the number of CV+ and NeuN+ neurons were decreased with longer ischemic time. The F-J B histofluorescence staining showed a clear neuronal damage in layers III and VI, and the number of F-J B+ neurons was increased with time of ischemia-reperfusion: in the 15 min ischemia-group, the number of F-J B+ neurons was much higher in layer III than in layer VI. In addition, we immunohistochemically examined gliosis of astrocytes and microglia using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and anti-ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) antibody, respectively. In the 5 min ischemia-group, GFAP+ astrocytes and Iba-1+ microglia were distinctively increased in number, and their immunoreactivity was stronger than that in the sham-group. In the 10 and 15 min ischemia-groups, numbers of GFAP+ and Iba-1+ glial cells were much more increased with time of ischemia-reperfusion; in the 15 min ischemia-group, their distribution patterns of GFAP+ and Iba-1+ glial cells were similar to those in the 10 min ischemia-group. Our fining indicates that neuronal death/damage and gliosis of astrocytes and microglia were apparently increased with longer time of ischemia-reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Dae Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bing Chun
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Joon Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: In Hye
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Geum-Sil
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Young-Myeong
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bonghee
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chan Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jun Hwi
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hui Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Moo-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Won
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005849:Gerbillinae; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005911:Gliosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C100745:Aif1 protein, rat; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; C435731:fluoro jade; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase