title: Serovar diversity of pathogenic Leptospira circulating in the French West Indies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leptospirosis is one of the most important neglected tropical bacterial diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, very little is known about the circulating etiological agents of leptospirosis in this region. In this study, we describe the serological and molecular features of leptospires isolated from 104 leptospirosis patients in Guadeloupe (n = 85) and Martinique (n = 19) and six rats captured in Guadeloupe, between 2004 and 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strains were studied by serogrouping, PFGE, MLVA, and sequencing 16SrRNA and secY. DNA extracts from blood samples collected from 36 patients in Martinique were also used for molecular typing of leptospires via PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed thirteen different genotypes clustered into five main clades that corresponded to the species: L. interrogans, L. kirschneri, L. borgpetersenii, L. noguchi, and L. santarosai. We also identified L. kmetyi in at least two patients with acute leptospirosis. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that this species has been identified in humans. The most prevalent genotypes were associated with L. interrogans serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni, L. kirschneri serovar Bogvere, and L. borgpetersenii serovar Arborea. We were unable to identify nine strains at the serovar level and comparison of genotyping results to the MLST database revealed new secY alleles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall serovar distribution in the French West Indies was unique compared to the neighboring islands. Typing of leptospiral isolates also suggested the existence of previously undescribed serovars.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center for Leptospirosis, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bourhy
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herrmann Storck
authors.forename: Rafaelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Theodose
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olive
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hochedez
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lamaury
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zinini
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brémont
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landier
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cassadou
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosine
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Picardeau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D019430:Guadeloupe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007921:Leptospira interrogans / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D008395:Martinique / Q000453:epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial