title: Hepatitis E virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The spectrum of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has changed over the past 2 years, especially in the developed world. Herein, we review the progress made in studying the epidemiology, hepatic, and extrahepatic manifestations, and the treatment of HEV infection, over the past 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HEV infection is an underdiagnosed disease because of the use of low-sensitivity serological assays. In addition to the four known genotypes, other new genotypes have also been recently described. HEV infection is not only a self-limiting disease but it can also evolve to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in organ transplant patients, hematological patients receiving chemotherapy, and HIV patients. HEV can also cause extrahepatic manifestations, such as neurological symptoms, kidney injury, and hematological disorders. Pegylated interferon and ribavirin have been found to effectively treat HEV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HEV is a worldwide disease that can cause hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Organ Transplantation, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France. kamar.n@chu-toulouse.fr
authors.forename: Nassim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamar
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Izopet
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rostaing
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects