title: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the interaction between hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor boceprevir and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors atorvastatin and pravastatin.
abstract: Boceprevir is a potent orally administered inhibitor of hepatitis C virus and a strong, reversible inhibitor of CYP3A4, the primary metabolic pathway for many 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate drug-drug interactions between atorvastatin or pravastatin and boceprevir. We conducted a single-center, open-label, fixed-sequence, one-way-crossover study with 20 healthy adult volunteers. Subjects received single-dose atorvastatin (40 mg) or pravastatin (40 mg) on day 1, followed by boceprevir (800 mg three times daily) for 7 to 10 days. Repeat single doses of atorvastatin or pravastatin were administered in the presence of steady-state boceprevir. Atorvastatin exposure increased in the presence of boceprevir, with atorvastatin area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity after single dosing (AUC(inf)) increasing 2.3-fold (90% confidence interval [CI], 1.85, 2.90) and maximum observed concentration in plasma (Cmax) 2.7-fold (90% CI, 1.81, 3.90). Pravastatin exposure was slightly increased in the presence of boceprevir, with pravastatin AUC(inf) increasing 1.63-fold (90% CI, 1.03, 2.58) and C(max) 1.49-fold (90% CI, 1.03, 2.14). Boceprevir exposure was generally unchanged when the drug was coadministered with atorvastatin or pravastatin. All adverse events were mild and consistent with the known safety profile of boceprevir. The observed 130% increase in AUC of atorvastatin supports the use of the lowest possible effective dose of atorvastatin when coadministered with boceprevir, without exceeding a maximum daily dose of 40 mg. The observed 60% increase in pravastatin AUC with boceprevir coadministration supports the initiation of pravastatin treatment at the recommended dose when coadministered with boceprevir, with close clinical monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Oss, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E G J
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hulskotte
authors.forename: H-P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: M G J A
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: van Zutven
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Mara
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Butterton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011392:Proline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; C512204:N-(3-amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl)-3-(2-((((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-carboxamide; D011392:Proline; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D017035:Pravastatin