title: 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for tuberculosis diagnosis and management: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is increasingly used to investigate for malignancy in the evaluation of pulmonary nodules, yet both active tuberculosis (TB) and malignancy have high uptake of FDG. Definitive diagnosis of TB can be further hindered in patients without growth of the organism from sputum.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a series of four representative cases of TB in varying disease state originally imaged by FDG-PET during evaluation for malignancy. Decisions regarding treatment for active TB in the presence of negative cultures and the evolving understanding of the spectrum of the TB disease state are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG-PET may possess a role in the diagnosis of active TB infection in settings where conventional microbiological methods are unavaiable and holds particular promise for monitoring response to therapy in cases of unsettled treatment duration such as multidrug-resistant TB or in extrapulmonary TB.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, PO Box 801337, Charlottesville, VA 29908-1337, USA. skh8r@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Scott K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Heysell
authors.forename: Tania A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Costi D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Sifri
authors.forename: Patrice K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Rehm
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Houpt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18