title: Surface modification of implanted cardiovascular metal stents: from antithrombosis and antirestenosis to endothelialization.
abstract: Driven by the complications occurring with bare metal stents and drug-eluting stents, concerns have been raised over strategies for long-term safety, with respect to preventing or inhibiting stent thrombosis, restenosis, and in-stent restenosis in particularly. Surface modification is very important in constructing a buffer layer at the interface of the organic and inorganic materials and in ultimately obtaining long-term biocompatibility. In this review, we summarize the developments in surface modification of implanted cardiovascular metal stents. This review focuses on the modification of metal stents via coating drugs or biomolecules to enhance antithrombosis, antirestenosis, and/or endothelialization. In addition, we indicate the probable future work involving the modification of the metallic blood-contacting surfaces of stents and other cardiovascular devices that are under development.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing-An
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible
keywords: endothelialization; hemocompatibility; in-stent restenosis; metal stents; surface modification