title: Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage: the REasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have been largely identified in case-control studies, with few longitudinal studies available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Predictors of incident ICH among 27 760 black and white participants from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 62 incident ICH events during an average follow-up of 5.7 years. The increase in risk with age differed substantially between blacks and whites (P=0.006), with a 2.25-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.63-3.12) increase per decade in whites, but no age association with ICH risk in blacks (hazard ratio=1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-1.68). We observed increased risk among men, those with higher systolic blood pressure, and warfarin users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The racial differences in the impact of age contributed to a risk of ICH that was >5 times higher for blacks than whites at age 45, but only about one third as great by age 85. Confirming findings from other studies, men participants with elevated systolic blood pressure and warfarin users were also at greater risk. The contributors to the racial differences in ICH risk require additional investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, UAB School of Public Health, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA. ghoward@uab.edu
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushman
authors.forename: Virginia J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Brett M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kissela
authors.forename: Dawn O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kleindorfer
authors.forename: Claudia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.forename: Jeffery
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Switzer
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D044465:White People