title: The aquatic environment as a reservoir of Vibrio cholerae O1 in hydrographic basins of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.
abstract: After the worldwide cholera epidemic in 1993, permanent environmental monitoring of hydrographic basins was established in Pernambuco, Brazil, where cholera is endemic. After a quiescent period, 4 rfbN (serogroup O1) positive water samples that were culture negative were detected by multiplex single-tube nested PCR (MSTNPCR); 2 of these were also ctxA (cholera toxin) positive. From May to June 2012, 30 V. cholerae O1 isolates were obtained by culturing samples. These isolates were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes by PCR, intergenic spacer region 16S-23S PCR (ISR-PCR), and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The isolates were positive for the rfbN gene and negative for the assessed pathogenic genes and were classified into 2 groups by ISR and the same profile by PFGE. Close genetic similarity was observed between them (2012) and environmental strains from 2004 to 2005, indicating the permanence of endemic V. cholerae O1 in the region.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ-PE, Avendia Professor Moraes Rego, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil. clmendes@gmail.com
authors.forename: Carina Lucena
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mendes-Marques
authors.forename: Vladimir da Mota
authors.initials: Vda M
authors.lastname: Silveira Filho
authors.forename: Ana Paula Rocha
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Mariana de Lira
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Sandoval Vieira
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: da Silva Filho
authors.forename: Ângela Cristina Torres de Araújo
authors.initials: ÂC
authors.lastname: Figueirôa
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Alzira Maria Paiva
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Nilma Cintra
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Leal
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001938:Brazil; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000032:analysis; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S / Q000032:analysis; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000032:analysis; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; C097237:RfbN protein, Vibrio cholerae; D037521:Virulence Factors