title: Biological effects and washout resistance of a newly developed fast-setting pozzolan cement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mineral trioxide aggregate has been widely used as a retrograde filling material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of a newly developed fast-setting, mineral trioxide aggregate-derived pozzolan cement (Endocem). Furthermore, we explored whether this cement is resistant to washout in comparison with ProRoot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biocompatibility was evaluated on the basis of cell morphology and a viability test. The expression of osteogenic genes was evaluated by performing real-time polymerase chain reaction, and calcified nodule formation was assessed by alizarin red S staining. The setting time was measured, and washout testing was performed by placing the material into fetal bovine serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biocompatibility and osteogenicity of Endocem were similar to those of ProRoot. Moreover, Endocem showed a higher resistance to washout than ProRoot did.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Endocem can be used as an available retrograde filling material because it sets faster and shows similar biological effects when compared with ProRoot.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoorina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Su-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seoung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yun-Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Kyung-San
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003252:Construction Materials; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C586519:endocem; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate