title: "Il flauto magico" still works: Mozart's secret of ventilation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Synchronisation/coupling between respiratory patterns and musical structure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy professional musicians and members of the audience were studied during a performance of W.A. Mozart's Piano Concerto KV 449. Electrocardiogram (ECG)/Heart Rate Variability (HRV) data recording (Schiller: Medilog®AR12, ECG-channels: 3, sampling rate: 4096 Hz, 16 Bit) was carried out and a simultaneous synchronized high definition video/audio recording was made. The breathing-specific data were subsequently extracted using Electrocardiogram-derived respiration (EDR; Software: Schiller medilog®DARWIN) from the HRV data and overlaid at the same time onto the musical score using FINALE 2011 notation software and the GIMP 2.0 graphics programme. The musical score was graphically modified graphically so that the time code of the breathing signals coincided exactly with the notated musical elements. Thus a direct relationship could be produced between the musicians' breathing activity and the musical texture. In parallel with the medical/technical analysis, a music analysis of the score was conducted with regard to the style and formal shaping of the composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that there are two archetypes of ideally typical breathing behaviour in professional musicians that either drive the musical creation, performance and experience or are driven by the musical structure itself. These archetypes also give rise to various states of synchronisation and regulation between performers, audience and the musical structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are two archetypes of musically-induced breathing which not only represent the identity of music and human physiology but also offer new approaches for multidisciplinary respiratory medicine.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Division of Palliative Care, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria. klaus-felix.laczika@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laczika
authors.forename: Oliver P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Graber
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tucek
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lohninger
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fliri
authors.forename: Gertraud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berka-Schmid
authors.forename: Eva K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Masel
authors.forename: Christoph C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Zielinski