title: The rise of cell therapy trials for stroke: review of published and registered studies.
abstract: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. Approximately 16 million first-ever strokes occur each year, leading to nearly 6 million deaths. Nevertheless, currently, very few therapeutic options are available. Cell therapies have been applied successfully in different hematological diseases, and are currently being investigated for treating ischemic heart disease, with promising results. Recent preclinical studies have indicated that cell therapies may provide structural and functional benefits after stroke. However, the effects of these treatments are not yet fully understood and are the subject of continuing investigation. Meanwhile, different clinical trials for stroke, the majority of them small, nonrandomized, and uncontrolled, have been reported, and their results indicate that cell therapy seems safe and feasible in these conditions. In the last 2 years, the number of published and registered trials has dramatically increased. Here, we review the main findings available in the field, with emphasis on the clinical results. Moreover, we address some of the questions that have been raised to date, to improve future studies.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. phrosadodecastro@ufrj.br
authors.forename: Paulo Henrique
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rosado-de-Castro
authors.forename: Pedro Moreno
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pimentel-Coelho
authors.forename: Lea Mirian Barbosa
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: da Fonseca
authors.forename: Gabriel Rodriguez
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mendez-Otero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*