title: Increased interleukin 1β levels in the subacromial fluid in diabetic patients with rotator cuff lesions compared with nondiabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic patients have a high prevalence of shoulder pain and stiffness. Interleukin (IL) 1β was reportedly correlated with shoulder stiffness and decreased shoulder function. We retrospectively compared the expression of IL-1β in the subacromial synovial fluid between diabetic and nondiabetic patients with rotator cuff tearing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 68 patients with rotator cuff tearing (23 diabetic patients and 45 nondiabetic patients). The preoperative sum of range-of-motion deficit (SROMD), Constant score, and visual analog scale (VAS) score were obtained. Intraoperatively, subacromial synovial fluid was collected for the IL-1β level measurement. Comparisons of IL-1β levels, Constant scores, SROMD, and VAS scores between diabetic and nondiabetic patients were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic patients with rotator cuff tearing had significantly increased subacromial IL-1β levels (P = .048), SROMD (P < .001) and VAS scores (P = .022) and lower Constant scores (P < .001) than nondiabetic patients. The IL-1β levels in the subacromial fluid were significantly correlated with the Constant score (r = -0.477, P < .001), VAS score (r = 0.698, P < .001), and SROMD (r = 0.293, P = .015) in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevated IL-1β levels in the subacromial fluid of patients with diabetes may explain the likelihood of pain and shoulder stiffness developing in these patients. We suggest more aggressive treatment for rotator cuff lesions in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ka-Kit
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: Li-Bin
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jih-Yang
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Feng-Sheng
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ching-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: To
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Wen-Yi
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta
keywords: Basic Science; Biochemistry; In Vivo Study; Shoulder stiffness; diabetes; rotator cuff tears; sum of range-of-motion deficit