title: Dose indices in dental cone beam CT and correlation with dose-area product.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the 2011 project "Safety and efficacy of a new and emerging dental X-ray modality (SEDENTEXCT)", it was suggested that dose index (DI) and dose-area product (DAP) could be easily measured and used as diagnostic reference levels (DRLs), which would help in the management of radiation doses to patients in optimum exposure settings. Such indices could be directly related to effective dose. The purposes of this study, therefore, were to measure and calculate the DI and DAP in cone beam CT (CBCT) machines and to evaluate the correlation between the two.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dose measurements were performed on three-dimensional cone beam CT (3D-CBCT) machines [3D Accuitomo (J. Morita Mfg. Corp., Kyoto, Japan), Veraviewepocs (J. Morita Mfg. Corp.) and CS9300 (Carestream, New York, NY)] by exposing a cylindrical poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom using a CT ionization chamber. These dose measurements were used for the calculation of Dose Indices 1 and 2, according to the methodology suggested by SEDENTEXCT. The DAP was measured using a DAP meter that was attached to the detector to cover the entire irradiated area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DI1 ranged from 53.6 mR to 216.6 mR, the DI2 ranged from 77.1 mR to 325.0 mR and the DAP ranged from 101.1 mGy cm(2) to 457.9 mGy cm(2), depending on the machines and exposure settings. Index 2 had a better correlation with the DAP than Index 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DIs and DAP proposed by SEDENTEXCT may be useful for establishing DRLs for dental CBCT machines; however, further studies are necessary to determine which of these indices provide accurate dose estimates proportionally relating to the effective dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Showa University School of Dentistry, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan. araki@dent.showa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okano
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012015:Reference Standards