title: Rehospitalization in the first year of traumatic spinal cord injury after discharge from medical rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine rates of rehospitalization among discharged rehabilitation patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in the first 12 months postinjury, and to identify factors associated with rehospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six geographically dispersed rehabilitation centers in the U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutively enrolled individuals with new traumatic SCI (N=951), who were discharged from participating rehabilitation centers and participated in a 1-year follow-up survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occurrence of postrehabilitation rehospitalization within 1 year of injury, length of rehospitalization stays, and causes of rehospitalizations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than one third (36.2%) of participants were rehospitalized at least once in the 12-month follow-up period; 12.5% were rehospitalized at least twice. The average number of rehospitalizations among those rehospitalized at least once was 1.37 times, with an average length of stay (LOS) of 15.5 days across all rehospitalization episodes. The 3 most common health conditions associated with rehospitalization were those related to the genitourinary system (eg, urinary tract infection), respiratory system (eg, pneumonia), and skin and subcutaneous tissue (eg, pressure ulcer). Being a woman (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.034-2.279), having Medicaid as the main payer (95% CI, 1.303-2.936), and more severe case mix were associated with increased odds of rehospitalization. Those who had more intensive physical therapy (95% CI, .960-.981) had lower odds of rehospitalization. Some center-to-center variation in rehospitalization rates remained unexplained after case mix and practice differences were considered. The 6 SCI rehabilitation centers varied nearly 2-fold in rates at which their former SCI patients were rehospitalized--from 27.8% to 50%. Center-to-center variation diminished when patient case mix was considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with earlier studies, rehospitalization rates among individuals with SCI in the first postinjury year remain high and vary by level and completeness of injury. Rehospitalization risk was associated with younger age, being a woman, unemployment and retirement, and Medicaid coverage. Those who had more intensive physical therapy had lower odds of rehospitalization. Future studies should examine center-to-center variations in rehospitalization rates and availability of patient education and community resources.
authors.affiliation: Center for Post-acute Innovation & Research, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA. Gerben.DeJong@MedStar.net
authors.forename: Gerben
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: DeJong
authors.forename: Wenqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Ching-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Cherry
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Junn
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: Pamela H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.forename: Randall J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smout
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zanca
authors.forename: Allen W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: Flora M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Backus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004282:Documentation; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014481:United States