title: Diagnosing the dead: the retrospective analysis of genetic diseases.
abstract: The suspected presence of hereditary disease in important historical and political figures has interested researchers for many decades. Whether Abraham Lincoln suffered from Marfan syndrome, if George III became 'mad' because he inherited variegate porphyria, and if the Romanov dynasty collapsed because the heir Alexei inherited haemophilia are important questions; physical illness can adversely affect the ability of leaders to function within the social and political realm of their day. This article will outline an approach to such a medical-historical analysis including assessment of hereditary predisposition, family history and the use of DNA technology to confirm or deny the clinical suspicions of the investigator.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rushton
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA; D005190:Family; D005197:Famous Persons; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008382:Marfan Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D011057:Politics; D046350:Porphyria, Variegate / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013672:Technology
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
keywords: History of medical genetics; consanguinity and disease; genetic diagnosis; haemophilia; human mutations; porphyria