title: Perceived weight discrimination in the CARDIA study: differences by race, sex, and weight status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine self-reported weight discrimination and differences based on race, sex, and BMI in a biracial cohort of community-based middle-aged adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (3,466, mean age = 50 years, mean BMI = 30 kg/m²) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study who completed the 25-year examination of this epidemiological investigation in 2010-2011 were reported. The sample included normal weight, overweight, and obese participants. CARDIA participants are distributed into four race-sex groups, with about half being African-American and half White. Participants completed a self-reported measure of weight discrimination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among overweight/obese participants, weight discrimination was lowest for White men (12.0%) and highest for White women (30.2%). The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for weight discrimination in those with class 2/3 obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m²) versus the normal-weight was most pronounced: African American men, 4.59 (1.71-12.34); African American women, 7.82 (3.57-17.13); White men, 6.99 (2.27-21.49); and White women, 18.60 (8.97-38.54). Being overweight (BMI = 25-29.9 kg/m²) vs. normal weight was associated with increased discrimination in White women only: 2.10 (1.11-3.96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novel evidence for a race-sex interaction on perceived weight discrimination, with White women more likely to report discrimination at all levels of overweight and obesity was provided. Pychosocial mechanisms responsible for these differences deserve exploration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: Gareth R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Dutton
authors.forename: Tené T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Nefertiti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Durant
authors.forename: Jewell
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halanych
authors.forename: Catarina I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Kiefe
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sidney
authors.forename: Yongin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Cora E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D063508:Social Discrimination / Q000208:ethnology; D012938:Social Perception; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People