title: Terminalia chebula extract protects OGD-R induced PC12 cell death and inhibits lps induced microglia activation.
abstract: Terminalia chebula, native to Southeast Asia, is a popular medicinal plant in Ayurveda. It has been previously reported to have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy. In this study, we aimed to investigate if fruit extract from T. chebula might protect neuronal cells against ischemia and related diseases by reduction of oxidative damage and inflammation in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) using in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD-R) ischemia and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced cell death. Cell survival was evaluated by a 2-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Free radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide inhibition were measured by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and Griess reagent, respectively. We found that T. chebula extract: (1) increases the survival of cells subjected to OGD-R by 68%, and H2O2 by 91.4%; (2) scavenges the DPPH free radical by 96% and decreases malondialdehyde (MDA) levels from 237.0 ± 15.2% to 93.7 ± 2.2%; (3) reduces NO production and death rate of microglia cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These results suggest that T. chebula extract has the potential as a natural herbal medicine, to protect the cells from ischemic damage and the possible mechanism might be the inhibition of oxidative and inflammatory processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University, College of Oriental Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Bhakta Prasad
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Gaire
authors.forename: Nirmala
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jamarkattel-Pandit
authors.forename: Donghun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jungbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Juyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Soyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ho-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hocheol
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D029766:Terminalia / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016877:Oxidants; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D005947:Glucose