title: Effect of microthreads on removal torque and bone-to-implant contact: an experimental study in miniature pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of microthreads on removal torque and bone-to-implant contact (BIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve miniature pigs for each experiment, a total of 24 animals, were used. In the removal torque analysis, each animal received 2 types of implants in each tibia, which were treated with sandblasting and acid etching but with or without microthreads at the marginal portion. The animals were sacrificed after 4, 8, or 12 weeks of healing. Each subgroup consisted of 4 animals, and the tibias were extracted and removal torque was measured. In the BIC analysis, each animal received 3 types of implants. Two types of implants were used for the removal torque test and another type of implant served as the control. The BIC experiment was conducted in the mandible of the animals. The P1-M1 teeth were extracted, and after a 4-month healing period, 3 each of the 2 types of implants were placed, with one type on each side of the mandible, for a total of 6 implants per animal. The animals were sacrificed after a 2-, 4-, or 8-week healing period. Each subgroup consisted of 4 animals. The mandibles were extracted, specimens were processed, and BIC was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in removal torque value or BIC was found between implants with and without microthreads. The removal torque value increased between 4 and 8 weeks of healing for both types of implants, but there was no significant difference between 8 and 12 weeks. The percentage of BIC increased between 2 and 4 weeks for all types of implants, but there was no significant difference between 4 and 8 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The existence of microthreads was not a significant factor in mechanical and histological stability.
authors.affiliation: Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yee-Seo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Namgoong
authors.forename: Jung-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In Hee
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Myung Duk
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Gwan
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.forename: Ki-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Koo
keywords: Biomechanics; Dental implants; Osseointegration; Torque