title: Effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on the total tract digestibility of innate and supplemental organic and inorganic microminerals in a corn-soybean meal based diet of grower pigs.
abstract: The effects of Ca and P (CaP) levels and micromineral sources on mineral digestibility were evaluated in growing pigs. Treatments consisted of 2 levels of CaP and 3 trace mineral (TM) treatments arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicates. The CaP levels evaluated were: 1) 0.65% Ca and 0.55% P [standard CaP (Std CaP)], and 2) 1.00% Ca and 0.85% P (High CaP). The TM treatments were: 1) Basal, without supplemental TM, 2) Basal supplemented with organic TM, and 3) Basal supplemented with inorganic TM. Both organic and inorganic TM premixes added 15 mg Cu, 150 mg Fe, 10 mg Mn, 0.3 mg Se, and 140 mg Zn/kg diet. Diets were formulated using corn soybean meal with a Ca to P ratio of 1.18 in both CaP treatments. Barrows with an initial BW of 45 kg were acclimated to stainless steel metabolism crates where diets were fed for 14 d before a 10-d collection period. Pigs within replicates were fed equivalent amounts of feed at 0800 and 1600 h each day with water provided free choice. Total feces, urine, and feed orts were collected daily. Essential macro- and microminerals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma analysis. Increasing dietary CaP decreased the digestibility of Ca and Zn. Phosphorus digestibility did not change when the P inclusion level increased from 0.55 to 0.85% Ptotal. The High CaP level resulted in a lower urinary excretion of most minerals, particularly Cu (P < 0.05) and Mn (P < 0.05), as dietary CaP level increased but the others were not statistically significant. A summary of the ATTD for each of the experimental variables was statistically analyzed and averaged for the experiment. Although there were few statistical differences with individual minerals, they generally demonstrated a decline in digestibility when the High CaP was fed, averaging a 3% lower digestibility consistently than when the Std CaP level was fed. Organic TM averaged an approximately 5% greater digestibility than the average inorganic microminerals with the difference between minerals within each source relatively consistent. These results indicate that CaP level had the greatest effect on mineral digestibility, organic microminerals had a greater digestibility than inorganic minerals, and the innate microminerals had an average apparent digestibility of 45%.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Columbus 43210-1095, USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jolliff
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mahan
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D004063:Digestion; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D008903:Minerals; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary