title: Enamel pearls in permanent dentition: case report and micro-CT evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the frequency, position, number and morphology of enamel pearls (EPs) using micro-CT (µCT) and to report a case of an EP mimicking an endodontic-periodontic lesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cone beam CT (CBCT) was performed in a patient to evaluate a radio-opaque nodule observed on the left maxillary first molar during the radiographic examination. Additionally, 23 EPs were evaluated regarding frequency, position, number and morphology by means of µCT. The results were statistically compared using the Student's t-test for independent samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1 pearl was presented in 13 specimens, while 5 specimens presented 2 pearls. The most frequent location of the EPs was the furcation between the disto-buccal and the palatal roots of the maxillary molars. Overall, the mean major diameter, volume and surface area were 1.98 ± 0.85 mm, 1.76 ± 1.36 mm³ and 11.40 ± 7.59 mm², respectively, with no statistical difference between maxillary second and third molars (p > 0.05). In the case report, CBCT revealed an EP between the disto-buccal and the palatal roots of the maxillary first left molar associated with advanced localized periodontitis. The tooth was referred for extraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPs, located generally in the furcation area, were observed in 0.74% of the sample. The majority was an enamel-dentin pearl type and no difference was found in maxillary second and third molars regarding diameter, volume and surface area of the pearls. In this report, the EP mimicked an endodontic-periodontic lesion and was a secondary aetiological factor in the periodontal breakdown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Versiani
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cristescu
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Saquy
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pécora
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: de Sousa-Neto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003751:Dental Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000002:abnormalities; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*