title: The use of digital peripheral artery tonometry to detect endothelial dysfunction in pregnant women who smoke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that, as has been shown outside of pregnancy, endothelial dysfunction would be seen in a dose-dependent fashion among women who smoke in the midtrimester of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endothelial function in women with singleton pregnancies between 16 and 23 weeks was analyzed utilizing the Endo-PAT2000 device (Itamar Medical Ltd., Caesarea, Israel) and expressed as a reactive hyperemia ratio (RHI). Serum was drawn to check cotinine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) was used to perform statistical tests including Student t test, analysis of variance, Fisher exact test, and Pearson coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endothelial function was noninvasively examined in 29 smokers and 31 nonsmokers. Demographics including age, race, and parity were similar between groups. Mean RHI was not significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers (1.43 ± 0.32 versus 1.53 ± 0.39, p = 0.27). No correlation was noted when cotinine values were plotted against RHI or CRP values in smokers (rho = 0.24, p = 0.21 and rho = 0.26, p = 0.18, respectively). RHI did correlate with diastolic blood pressure (rho = -0.40, p = 0.002), systolic blood pressure (rho = -0.35, p = 0.006), and heart rate (rho = -0.37, p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not find an association between smoking status and endothelial dysfunction in the midtrimester utilizing a noninvasive methodology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Christy F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lain
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Wendy F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000502:physiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult