title: Parents' Optimism, Positive Parenting, and Child Peer Competence in Mexican-Origin Families.
abstract: This study examined how parents' optimism influences positive parenting and child peer competence in Mexican-origin families.
  
  
  
  A sample of 521 families (521 mothers, 438 fathers, and 521 11-year-olds) participated in the cross-sectional study. We used structural equation modeling to assess whether effective parenting would mediate the effect of parents' optimism on child peer competence and whether mothers' and fathers' optimism would moderate the relation between positive parenting and child social competence.
  
  
  
  Mothers' and fathers' optimism were associated with effective parenting, which in turn was related to children's peer competence. Mothers' and fathers' optimism also moderated the effect of parenting on child peer competence. High levels of parental optimism buffered children against poor parenting; at low levels of parental optimism, positive parenting was more strongly related to child peer competence.
  
  
  
  Results are consistent with the hypothesis that positive parenting is promoted by parents' optimism and is a proximal driver of child social competence. Parental optimism moderates effects of parenting on child outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castro-Schilo
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Zoe E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: Rand D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Conger
authors.forename: Keith F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Widaman