title: Three-dimensional patterning and morphological control of porous nanomaterials by gray-scale direct imprinting.
abstract: We present a method for direct three-dimensional (3D) patterning of porous nanomaterials through the application of a premastered and reusable gray-scale stamp. Four classes of 3D nanostructures are demonstrated for the first time in porous media: gradient profiles, digital patterns, curves and lens shapes, and sharp features including v-grooves, nano-pits, and 'cookie-cutter' particles. Further, we demonstrate this technique enables morphological tuning and direct tailoring of nanomaterial properties, including porosity, average pore size, dielectric constant, and plasmonic response. This work opens a rapid and low-cost route for fabricating novel nanostructures and devices utilizing porous nanomaterials, with promising applications spanning diffractive and plasmonic sensing, holography, micro- and transformation optics, and drug delivery and imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
authors.forename: Judson D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ryckman
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006696:Holography; D006801:Humans; D058608:Nanopores; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D013499:Surface Properties