title: Do propofol and isoflurane protect the kidney against ischemia/reperfusion injury during transient hyperglycemia?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of isoflurane (Iso) or propofol (Prop) anesthesia on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) during transient hyperglycemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty six rats were randomly assigned into six groups of six animals each: PHS (Sham-Prop=1mg.kg-1.min-1 + Hyperglycemia=2.5g.kg-1 of glucose solution administered intraperitoneally); HIS (Sham-Iso + Hyperglycemia); PHI (Prop + Hyperglycemia + Ischemia); IHI (Iso + Hyperglycemia + Ischemia); PI (Prop + Ischemia), and II (Iso + Ischemia). After 30 minutes of anesthesia induction, right nephrectomy was performed (all animals) and the left renal artery was clamped during 25 minutes (ischemia). The animals were sacrificed after 24 hours and blood collection (to dose creatinine) and left kidney removal were performed for histological analysis, and flow cytometry (FCM): percentage of initial apoptosis (APTi) and viable cells (VC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum creatinine (mg/dL) was statistically different in groups PHI (3.60±0.40) and IHI (3.23±1.08), p<0.05. Histological analysis was statistically different in groups PHI (4.0[4.0;5.0]) and IHI (4.5[4.0;5.0]), p<0.05. APTi percentage was statistically different in groups PHI (73.2±7.1), and IHI (48.1±14). VC percentage was statistically different in groups PHI (25.8±6.9) and IHI (38.5±9.2), p<0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol and isoflurane showed the same level of protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the normoglycemic groups. Transient hyperglycemia is associated with an increase in IRI.
authors.affiliation: UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Roberto
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Carraretto
authors.forename: Pedro Thadeu Galvão
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Vianna Filho
authors.forename: Yara Marcondes Machado
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Castiglia
authors.forename: Marjorie de Assis
authors.initials: Mde A
authors.lastname: Golim
authors.forename: Aparecida Vitória Gonçalves de
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Lídia Raquel de
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Elenice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deffune
authors.forename: Pedro Thadeu Galvão
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Vianna
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D020011:Protective Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D007530:Isoflurane; D015742:Propofol