title: Analysis of government investment in primary healthcare institutions to promote equity during the three-year health reform program in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The World Health Report 2000 stated that increased public financing for healthcare was an integral part of the efforts to achieve equity of access. In 2009, the Chinese government launched a three-year health reform program to achieve equity of access. Through this reform program, the government intended to increase its investment in primary healthcare institutions (PHIs). However, reports about the outcome and the improvement of the equity of access have yet to be presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stratified sampling was employed in this research. The samples used for the study comprised 34 community health service centers (CHSCs) and 92 township hospitals (THs) from six provinces of China. Collected data, which were publicly available, consisted of the total revenue, financial revenue, and the number of people for the periods covering January 2010 to September 2010 and January 2011 to September 2011. Revenue information for 2009 and 2010 was obtained from China's Health Statistics Yearbook.By using indicators such as government investment, government finance proportion and per capita revenue, t-tests for paired and independent samples were used to analyze the changes in government investment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Government invest large amount of money to the primary healthcare institutions. Government finance proportion in 2008 was 18.2%. This percentage increased to 38.84% in 2011, indicating statistical significance (p = 0.000) between 2010 and 2011. The per capita financial input was 20.92 yuan in 2010 and 31.10 yuan in 2011. Compared with the figures from 2008 to 2010, the gap in different health sectors narrowed in 2011, and differences emerged. The government finance proportion in CHSCs revenue was 6.9% higher than that of THs, while the per capita revenue of CHSCs was higher. In 2011, the highest and lowest government finance proportions were 48.80% (Shaanxi) and 19.36% (Shandong), respectively. In that same year, the per capita revenue of Shaanxi (40.69 Yuan) was higher than that of Liaoning (28.79 Yuan). Comparing the 2011 figures with those from 2008 to 2010, the gap in 2011 clearly narrowed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the three-year health reform program, the Chinese government increased its investment to PHIs gradually and significantly. Thus promote equity to access and universal coverage. However, the increase in government investment stemmed from political desire and from the lack of institutionalization of practice and experience. Hence, a mode of financial allocation must be formulated to promote consistency in government input after the three-year health reform program.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei Province, China. xpzhang602@163.com
authors.forename: Xiaopeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Zhaohua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005380:Financing, Government / Q000639:trends*; D018166:Health Care Reform; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics*