title: Cancer pharmacogenomics in children: research initiatives and progress to date.
abstract: Over the last few decades, cure rates for pediatric cancer have increased dramatically, and now over 80 % of children with cancer are cured of their disease. This improvement in cure has come with a significant cost, with many children suffering irreversible, life-threatening, or long-lasting toxicities due to the medications required during their treatment. In the last 2 decades, major technological advances in genomics and the mapping of the human genome have made it possible to identify genetic differences between children in order to investigate differing responses to cancer therapy and to help explain why children treated with the same medications can have different outcomes. The emerging field of pharmacogenomics has had many important findings in pediatric cancer. The focus of this review is drug toxicity in pediatric cancer and the use of pharmacogenomics to reduce these adverse drug reactions, with a specific focus on thiopurines, methotrexate, cisplatin, vincristine and anthracyclines. Future areas of research and the need for international collaboration are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. rrassekh@cw.bc.ca
authors.forename: Shahrad Rod
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rassekh
authors.forename: Colin J D
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Bruce C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Carleton
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hayden
mesh_terms: D018943:Anthracyclines / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011687:Purines / Q000009:adverse effects; D014750:Vincristine / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D018943:Anthracyclines; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011687:Purines; D014750:Vincristine; D002945:Cisplatin; D008727:Methotrexate