title: Traumatic dental injuries among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jordan: prevalence, risk factors and treatment need.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence and related factors of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among 12-year-old Jordanian schoolchildren.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this cross-sectional study among schoolchildren, a sample of 2560 schoolchildren (1209 boys, 1351 girls) aged 12 years were randomly selected. The epidemiological classification adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and modified by Andreasen et al was used to record TDI on incisors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the children examined, 5.5% showed TDI. The difference in prevalence between boys and girls was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Maxillary central incisors were the most affected and the most common type of crown injury was enamel/dentin fracture. The relationship between dental injuries and geographic location, area, and socioeconomic indicators was not statistically significant. Most of the TDI occurred at home, followed by school; the most frequent cause was falls. No statistically significant association was found between TDI and dental caries experience (P > 0.05). There was a tendency for boys (P < 0.01), children with an incisal overjet > 3 mm (P < 0.01) and incompetent lip closure (P < 0.001) to have experienced dental injuries. Treatment need due to dental injuries was very high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of traumatic injuries to permanent incisors in 12-year-old Jordanian schoolchildren was relatively low. TDI was associated with gender, overjet and lip competence, but was not influenced by dental caries experience. There was a great unmet treatment need.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. lamisr@ju.edu.jo
authors.forename: Lamis D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Rajab
authors.forename: Zaid H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Baqain
authors.forename: Suha B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Ghazaleh
authors.forename: Hawazen N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Sonbol
authors.forename: Mahmoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hamdan
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000061:Accidents, Home / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000293:injuries; D003804:Dentin / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries*; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057887:Overbite / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000293:injuries; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data