title: A surveillance model for human avian influenza with a comprehensive surveillance system for local-priority communicable diseases in South sulawesi, indonesia.
abstract: The government of Indonesia and the Japan International Cooperation Agency launched a three-year project (2008-2011) to strengthen the surveillance of human avian influenza cases through a comprehensive surveillance system of local-priority communicable diseases in South Sulawesi Province. Based on findings from preliminary and baseline surveys, the project developed a technical protocol for surveillance and response activities in local settings, consistent with national guidelines. District surveillance officers (DSOs) and rapid-response-team members underwent training to improve surveillance and response skills. A network-based early warning and response system for weekly reports and a short message service (SMS) gateway for outbreak reports, both encompassing more than 20 probable outbreak diseases, were introduced to support existing paper-based systems. Two further strategies were implemented to optimize project outputs: a simulation exercise and a DSO-centered model. As a result, the timeliness of weekly reports improved from 33% in 2009 to 82% in 2011. In 2011, 65 outbreaks were reported using the SMS, with 64 subsequent paper-based reports. All suspected human avian influenza outbreaks up to September 2011 were reported in the stipulated format. A crosscutting approach using human avian influenza as the core disease for coordinating surveillance activities improved the overall surveillance system for communicable diseases.
authors.affiliation: The Project to Enhance Surveillance System for Avian Influenza, JICA ; National Center for Global Health and Medicine.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanafusa
authors.forename: Andi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhadir
authors.forename: Hari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Santoso
authors.forename: Kohtaroh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: Erwan Tri
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Sulistyo
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hachiya
keywords: communicable diseases; human avian influenza; outbreak; surveillance and response