title: A model of poorly controlled type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and its treatment with aerobic exercise training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modern exogenous insulin therapy can improve the quality of life of Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus (T1DM) patients, although maintenance of normal glycaemic levels is often a challenge given the variety of factors that alter it. A number of studies have examined the effect of exercise in T1DM; however, the majority of experimental studies have utilized diabetic rodents with severe hyperglycaemia. Given that T1DM patients are likely to refrain from hyperglycaemia, studies examining the effects of regular exercise in which blood glucose is poorly controlled would better represent the T1DM population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study examined the ability of a ten-week aerobic exercise training program to modify markers of cardiovascular function and bone health in STZ-induced diabetic rodents maintained in the 9-15 mM glycaemic range through insulin therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderate hyperglycaemia, when prolonged, leads to significant changes in cardiac structure, bone health, and glucose handling capacity. Ten weeks of exercise was able to alleviate many of these deleterious events as no significant cardiovascular functional alterations were evident except a reduction in resting heart rate and an increase in stroke volume index. Further, despite changes in cardiac dimensions, exercise was able to elevate cardiac output index and increase the E/A ratio of exercising diabetic animals which would be indicative of improvements of cardiac function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, this study demonstrates that despite moderate hyperglycaemia, the combined role of a ten-week exercise training program coupled with insulin therapy is able to alleviate many of the well-known complications associated with diabetes progression.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond ST, HSB218, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7 Canada. jmelling@uwo.ca
authors.forename: C W J
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Melling
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Grisé
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hasilo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fier
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karmazyn
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Noble
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose