title: Effects of platelet-rich plasma and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on suture distraction osteogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growth factors contained in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been reported to induce osteoblast differentiation in certain studies, while in others, osteogenesis has not been shown clinically. The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of PRP and its combination with rhBMP-2 as a controlled delivery system during sagittal suture distraction osteogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six-week male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to sagittal suture distraction osteogenesis groups treated with (1) PRP gel alone; and (2) PRP gel mixed with 10 μg rhBMP-2 (PRP/rhBMP-2), and a control group untreated. A heavy 200-g continuous mechanical force was applied for 33 days using a nickel titanium open spring to distract the suture between 2 miniscrew implants. The suture morphology was evaluated radiographically and histologically after sacrifice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of suture separation in the control group and the PRP gel group were statistically greater (P < 0.05) than in the PRP/rhBMP-2 gel group. Compared to the control group, the micro-CT and histologic analysis showed that the local application of PRP gel not only stimulates the new bone formation between the suture gap but accelerates the suture wound healing during distraction without suture fusion. There was a percent of total suture height 15.3 ± 9.5% fusion in PRP/rhBMP-2 gel group and the average thickness of cranium bone in the PRP/rhBMP-2 gel group was statistically greater (P < 0.05) than in the control group and the PRP gel group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this animal model, both PRP gel and PRP/rhBMP-2 gel are effective in improving new bone formation in suture distraction osteogenesis. PRP gel induces suture bone formation without suture fusion and accelerates the suture wound healing, while the PRP/rhBMP-2 gel group, in which the sutures fused prematurely, showed powerful bone formation ability aided by rhBMP-2. PRP can be alternatively use as a controlled release system for rhBMP-2, but caution should be used before proceeding with the application of high-dose growth factors around the growing craniofacial sutures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haisong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Sean Shih-Yao
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002508:Cephalometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009532:Nickel; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014025:Titanium; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium