title: Effects of freshwater clam extract supplementation on time to exhaustion, muscle damage, pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and liver injury in rats after exhaustive exercise.
abstract: The potent anti-inflammatory activities and tissue-protective effects of freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea) have been well reported. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of freshwater clam extract (FCE) supplementation on time to exhaustion, muscle damage, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and liver injury in rats after exhaustive exercise. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control (SC); SC group with FCE supplementation (SC+FCE); exhaustive exercise (E); and E group with FCE supplementation (E+FCE). The SC+FCE and E+FCE groups were treated with gavage administration of 20 mg/kg for seven consecutive days. Blood samples were collected for the evaluation of biochemical parameters. The cytokine levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were also examined. Twenty-four hours after exhaustive exercise, the rat livers were removed for H &amp; E staining. The FCE supplementation could extend the time to exhaustion in exercised rats. The levels of CPK, LDH, AST, ALT, lactate, TNF-α and H &amp; E stains of the liver injury were significantly decreased in the E+FCE group, but the blood glucose and IL-10 were significantly higher in comparison with the E group. This study suggests that FCE supplementation may improve endurance performance and reduce exercise-induced muscle damage, inflammatory stress and liver injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Chin
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wen-Tien
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fwu-Lin
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yi-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Tai-Chu
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Bang-Gee
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Kuang-Wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ru-Ping
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D049874:Corbicula / Q000737:chemistry*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005221:Fatigue / Q000188:drug therapy; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10