title: Variability of clinical functional MR imaging results: a multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate intersite variability of clinical functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including influence of task standardization on variability and use of various parameters to inform the clinician whether the reliability of a given functional localization is high or low.
  
  
  METHODS
  Local ethics committees approved the study; all participants gave written informed consent. Eight women and seven men (mean age, 40 years) were prospectively investigated at three experienced functional MR sites with 1.5- (two sites) or 3-T (one site) MR. Nonstandardized motor and highly standardized somatosensory versions of a frequently requested clinical task (localization of the primary sensorimotor cortex) were used. Perirolandic functional MR variability was assessed (peak activation variability, center of mass [COM] variability, intraclass correlation values, overlap ratio [OR], activation size ratio). Data quality measures for functional MR images included percentage signal change (PSC), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and head motion parameters. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and a correlation analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Localization of perirolandic functional MR activity differed by 8 mm (peak activity) and 6 mm (COM activity) among sites. Peak activation varied up to 16.5 mm (COM range, 0.4-16.5 mm) and 45.5 mm (peak activity range, 1.8-45.5 mm). Signal strength (PSC, CNR) was significantly lower for the somatosensory task (mean PSC, 1.0% ± 0.5 [standard deviation]; mean CNR, 1.2 ± 0.4) than for the motor task (mean PSC, 2.4% ± 0.8; mean CNR, 2.9 ± 0.9) (P < .001, both). Intersite variability was larger with low signal strength (negative correlations between signal strength and peak activation variability) even if the task was highly standardized (mean OR, 22.0% ± 18.9 [somatosensory task] and 50.1% ± 18.8 [motor task]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical practice and clinical functional MR biomarker studies should consider that the center of task-specific brain activation may vary up to 16.5 mm, with the investigating site, and should maximize functional MR signal strength and evaluate reliability of local results with PSC and CNR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Moritz C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wurnig
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: Nicolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Höllinger
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geissler
authors.forename: Florian P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Fischmeister
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aichhorn
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foki
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kronbichler
authors.forename: Janpeter
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siedentopf
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Staffen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verius
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golaszewski
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koppelstätter
authors.forename: Engelbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knosp
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Auff
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Felber
authors.forename: Rüdiger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beisteiner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers