title: Intestinal microbiota of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) and its origin as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing.
abstract: The intestinal microbiota has received increasing attention, as it influences growth, feed conversion, epithelial development, immunity as well as the intrusion of pathogenic microorganisms in the intestinal tract. In this study, pyrosequencing was used to explore the bacterial community of the intestine in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), and the origin of these microorganisms. The results disclosed great bacterial diversities in the carp intestines and cultured environments. The gibel carp harbored characteristic intestinal microbiota, where Proteobacteria were predominant, followed by Firmicutes. The analysis on the 10 most abundant bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) revealed a majority of Firmicutes in the intestinal content (by decreasing order: Veilonella sp., Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillales, Streptococcus sp., and Lactobacillus sp.). The second most abundant OTU was Rothia sp. (Actinobacteria). The most likely potential probiotics (Lactobacillus sp., and Bacillus sp.) and opportunists (Aeromonas sp., and Acinetobacter sp.) were not much abundant. Bacterial community comparisons showed that the intestinal community was closely related to that of the sediment, indicating the importance of sediment as source of gut bacteria in gibel carp. However, 37.95 % of the OTUs detected in feed were retrieved in the intestine, suggesting that food may influence markedly the microbiota of gibel carp, and therefore may be exploited for oral administration of probiotics.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shan-Gong
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jing-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: François-Joël
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gatesoupe
authors.forename: Wen-Xiang
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Bao-Juan
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Gui-Tang
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D006054:Goldfish / Q000382:microbiology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D064307:Microbiota; D010802:Phylogeny; D019936:Probiotics; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S