title: Metabonomic analysis of urine from rats after low-dose exposure to 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol using UPLC-MS.
abstract: To study the toxic effect of chronic exposure to 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) at low doses, a metabonomics approach based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was performed. Two different doses of 3-MCPD (1.1 and 5.5mg/kg bw/d) were administered to Wistar rats for 120 days (1.1mg/kg bw/d: lowest observed adverse effect level [LOAEL]). The metabolite profiles and biochemical parameters were obtained at five time points after treatment. For the 3-MCPD-treated groups, a significant change in urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and β-d-galactosidase was detected on day 90, while some biomarkers based on the metabonomics, such as N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetyl-l-tyrosine, and gulonic acid, were detected on day 30. These results suggest that these biomarkers changed more sensitively and earlier than conventional biochemical parameters and were thus considered early and sensitive biomarkers of exposure to 3-MCPD; these biomarkers provide more information on toxicity than conventional biochemical parameters. These results might be helpful to investigate the toxic mechanisms of 3-MCPD and provide a scientific basis for assessing the effect of chronic exposure to low-dose 3-MCPD on human health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Maoqing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Changhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin / Q000633:toxicity*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase