title: Limited association between perceived control and health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perceived control has been suggested as a modifiable factor associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, the relationship between perceived control and HRQOL has not been evaluated in patients with heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived control independently predicts HRQOL in HF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 423 HF patients were included. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to determine the independent association of perceived control to HRQOL after controlling for covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher levels of perceived control were associated with better HRQOL in univariate analysis. However, this relationship was strongly attenuated after controlling for relevant demographic, clinical, and psychological factors; the variance in HRQOL explained by the addition of perceived control to this model was small (1.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found only a weak relationship between perceived control and HRQOL when considered in the presence of demographic, clinical, and psychological factors.
authors.affiliation: Teesta Banerjee, MBBS, MPH Clinical Researcher, School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Stanford University, California. Kyoung Suk Lee, PhD, RN, MPH Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Steven R. Browning, PhD Assistant Professor, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Claudia Hopenhayn, PhD Associate Professor, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Susan Westneat, MA Epidemiologist, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Martha J. Biddle, PhD, APRN Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Cynthia Arslanian-Engoren, PhD, RN Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Jo-Ann Eastwood, PhD Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, University of California-Los Angeles. Gia Mudd, PhD, RN, MPH Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Debra K. Moser, DNSc, RN, FAAN Professor, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
authors.forename: Teesta
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Kyoung Suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hopenhayn
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Westneat
authors.forename: Martha J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Biddle
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arslanian-Engoren
authors.forename: Jo-Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eastwood
authors.forename: Gia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mudd
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Moser
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055815:Young Adult