title: Psychometric Analysis of the Emotional Tone Rating Scale: A Measure of Person-Centered Communication.
abstract: Psychometric analysis of the Emotional Tone Rating Scale (ETRS) was completed using ratings of naïve listeners who evaluated staff-resident communication in three nursing homes. Interrater consistency was high with ICC (2, 1) for agreement = 0.95 and consistency = 0.95. Factor analysis revealed two factors-person-centered communication and controlling communication-that explained 84.8% of the variance. Person-centered communication included seven descriptors (items) with loadings ranging from 0.84 to 0.98 and a coefficient alpha of 0.98. Controlling communication included five items that loaded from -0.63 to .99 with a coefficient alpha of 0.94. These factors were negatively correlated p = -.64 and demonstrated good ranges, standard deviations, and high item-total correlations. Person-centered communication correlated with higher resident engagement in conversation in contrast to controlling communication. The ETRS provides a measure of person-centered communication that can be used to evaluate interactions between nursing staff and older adults who reside in long term care settings.
authors.affiliation: University of Kansas Medical Center School of Nursing, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: Kristine N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Diane K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Carissa K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Mary Lee
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hummert
keywords: communication; measurement; nursing home; person-centered care