title: Effect of alkyl glycerophosphate on the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and glucose uptake in C2C12 cells.
abstract: Studies on the effects of lipids on skeletal muscle cells rarely examine the effects of lysophospholipids. Through our recent studies, we identified select forms of phospholipids, such as alkyl-LPA, as ligands for the intracellular receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). PPARγ is a nuclear hormone receptor implicated in many human diseases, including diabetes and obesity. We previously showed that alkyl-LPA is a specific agonist of PPARγ. However, the mechanism by which the alkyl-LPA-PPARγ axis affects skeletal muscle cells is poorly defined. Our objective in the present study was to determine whether alkyl-LPA and PPARγ activation promotes glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Our findings indicate that PPARγ1 mRNA is more abundant than PPARγ2 mRNA in C2C12 cells. We showed that alkyl-LPA (3 μM) significantly activated PPARγ and increased intracellular glucose levels in skeletal muscle cells. We also showed that incubation of C2C12 cells with alkyl-LPA led to lipid accumulation in the cells. These findings suggest that alkyl-LPA activates PPARγ and stimulates glucose uptake in the absence of insulin in C2C12 cells. This may contribute to the plasma glucose-lowering effect in the treatment of insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Physiology & Bio-System Control, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. ttamotsu@shinshu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haniu
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D005994:Glycerophosphates; D047495:PPAR gamma; D005947:Glucose