title: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the β-class enzyme from the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata with sulfonamides, sulfamates and sulfamides.
abstract: The fungal pathogen Candida glabrata encodes for a β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), CgNce103, recently discovered. Only anions have been investigated as CgNce103 inhibitors up until now. Here we report the first sulfonamides inhibition study of this enzyme. Simple sulfonamides showed weak or moderate CgNce103 inhibitory properties, whereas acetazolamide, and a series of 4-substituted ureido-benzene-sulfonamides, sulfamates and sulfamides showed effective CgNce103 inhibitory properties, with KIs in the range of 4.1-115 nM, being also ineffective as human CA II inhibitors. As there is significant resistance of C. glabrata clinical isolates to many classical antifungal agents, inhibition of the β-CA from this organism may allow an interesting means of controlling the pathogen growth, eventually leading to antifungals with a novel mechanism of action.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vullo
authors.forename: Worraanong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leewattanapasuk
authors.forename: Fritz A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Mühlschlegel
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mastrolorenzo
authors.forename: Clemente
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Capasso
authors.forename: Claudiu T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Supuran
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000737:chemistry; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000201:enzymology*; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C005741:sulfamic acid; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D000086:Acetazolamide