title: Benign prostate glandular tissue at radical prostatectomy surgical margins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the presence of benign glandular tissue at the radical prostatectomy surgical margin is associated with technique (open radical prostatectomy [ORP] or robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy [RALRP]) and if benign glandular tissue increases the risk of biochemical recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical specimens from men with clinical T1-T2 disease who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) between 2004 and 2010 were re-reviewed by a single uropathologist, examining all sections from the prostate apex and base for the presence of benign glandular tissue and tumor at the margin. Regression analysis was used to examine associations of benign glandular tissue with surgical approach and biochemical recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 934 cases reviewed, 431 were managed by ORP and 503 by RALRP with a median follow-up of 49 and 28 months, respectively. Overall, benign glandular tissue was found in 274 cases (29%): 98 (36%) at the apex, 138 (50%) at the base, and 38 (14%) at both. Compared with those who underwent ORP, patients who underwent RALRP had 3-fold greater odds of benign glandular tissue at the margin (P <.01), including significantly greater number of cases with benign glandular tissue at the base (P <.01). However, recurrence-free survival rates were similar between patients with and without benign glands at the surgical margin (BGM) regardless of surgical approach and across all clinical risk groups (log-rank P = .20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients undergoing RALRP were more likely to have benign glandular tissue at the surgical margin. However, the presence of benign glandular tissue was not an independent risk factor for biochemical recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anobel Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Odisho
authors.forename: Samuel L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Washington
authors.forename: Maxwell V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: Jeffry P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Simko
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen