title: Risk assessment of idiopathic macular holes undergoing vitrectomy with dye-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate and identify predictors for idiopathic macular hole persistence after pars plana vitrectomy with dye-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective case series, 160 eyes underwent identical vitreoretinal procedures performed by the same surgeon. Baseline characteristics and preoperative optical coherence tomography were evaluated regarding the postoperative anatomical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  n overall closure rate of 86.3% (138/160) was achieved. According to the Gass classification system, the closure rates were 100.0% (11/11) in Stage 2, 95.0% (57/60) in Stage 3, and 78.7% (70/89) in Stage 4. Thereby, a significant influence of preoperative best-corrected visual acuity and basal hole diameter was observed. Especially, idiopathic macular hole with a basal hole diameter of ≥800 μm and a best-corrected visual acuity of ≤20/100 had a 4 and 6 times higher risk to persist, respectively. On the other hand, age, gender, bilateral occurrence, symptom duration, and lens status did not have an effect on the surgical outcome. Furthermore, perifoveal pseudocysts were associated with a higher closure rate in Stage 4 idiopathic macular hole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple clinical parameters such as best-corrected visual acuity, basal diameter, and perifoveal pseudocysts are efficient predictors and might be used to expand the validity of the Gass classification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brockmann
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steger
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weger
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wedrich
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green