title: Clinical and ictal characteristics of infantile seizures: EEG correlation via long-term video EEG monitoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The semiology of infantile seizures often shows different characteristics from that of adults. We performed this study to describe clinical and ictal characteristics of infantile seizures at less than two years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was done for infants with epilepsy (ages: 1-24months) who underwent long-term video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring at Samsung medical center between November 1994 and February 2012. We analyzed the clinical and ictal characteristics of the 56 cases from 51 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 69% of the patients, the seizure onset was before six months of age and the etiology was symptomatic in one third of the patients. Twelve seizure types were identified; spasms (24%), unilateral motor seizures (18%), and generalized tonic seizures (15%) were the three frequent types of seizure. All partial seizures were well correlated with the partial-onset ictal EEG, however 19.4% (7/36) of clinically generalized seizures revealed partial-onset ictal EEG. About one-thirds (4/11) of generalized tonic seizures had its ictal onset on unilateral or bilateral frontal areas and two out of seven generalized myoclonic seizures showed unilateral frontal rhythmic activities. Hypomotor seizures mainly arose from the temporal areas and hypermotor seizures from the frontal regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though most of the seizure semiology of infants is well correlated with ictal EEG, some of the generalized tonic seizures or myoclonic seizures revealed partial-onset ictal EEG suggesting localized epileptic focus. Accurate definition of seizures via video EEG monitoring is necessary for proper management of seizures in infancy, especially in some clinically generalized seizures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Cha Gon
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sook Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Jeehun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Munhyang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013036:Spasms, Infantile / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014743:Videotape Recording / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Infant; Seizure; Video EEG monitoring