title: Tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 increase during the development of a 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced immediate-type dermatitis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the steadily increasing incidence of atopic dermatitis, there is a great medical need for new therapies and improved animal models.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide more detailed analysis of a Sprague-Dawley rat dermatitis model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were actively sensitized by intraperitoneal injections of dinitrophenylated ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) plus alum. Skin reactions were elicited by repeated epicutaneous challenge with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ear thickness exhibited a significant increase from the first challenge. A relatively steep increase in ear thickness was observed at the fifth DNFB application. After the fifth DNFB application, total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG1 levels reached a plateau at 1 h compared with the normal group. The peak production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 was found at 1 h, while that of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 was found at 24 h. Infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, eosinophils and mast cells increased in the skin lesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The indices such as thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lesional skin were increased by repeated hapten application; TNF-α, MCP-1 and ICAM-1 increased with the development of the dermatitis.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical College, Guilin Medical University, No.109 North 2nd Huan cheng Road, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Guangchen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yaqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Lingjin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yingqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene; D006241:Haptens; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006241:Haptens; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene