title: Effects of C-phycocyanin and Spirulina on salicylate-induced tinnitus, expression of NMDA receptor and inflammatory genes.
abstract: Effects of C-phycocyanin (C-PC), the active component of Spirulina platensis water extract on the expressions of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) genes in the cochlea and inferior colliculus (IC) of mice were evaluated after tinnitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of salicylate. The results showed that 4-day salicylate treatment (unlike 4-day saline treatment) caused a significant increase in NR2B, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNAs expression in the cochlea and IC. On the other hand, dietary supplementation with C-PC or Spirulina platensis water extract significantly reduced the salicylate-induced tinnitus and down-regulated the mRNAs expression of NR2B, TNF-α, IL-1β mRNAs, and COX-2 genes in the cochlea and IC of mice. The changes of protein expression levels were generally correlated with those of mRNAs expression levels in the IC for above genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Dalin, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Juen-Haur
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Jin-Cherng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yin-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003051:Cochlea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D007245:Inferior Colliculi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010798:Phycocyanin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053545:Spirulina / Q000737:chemistry*; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D012459:Salicylates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010798:Phycocyanin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2