title: Minimally invasive microsurgical management of the necrotic, immature apex tooth: case report and treatment recommendations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this case report is to introduce a minimally invasive microsurgical technique for the treatment of the necrotic, immature apex tooth in adult patients and to provide treatment recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 43-year-old male patient was diagnosed with chronic apical periodontitis associated with a necrotic, immature apex of the maxillary central incisor. A minimally invasive microsurgical approach was applied for the treatment of the periapical disease. The crown of the immature apex tooth was left intact.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-year follow-up radiograph revealed uneventful healing of the periradicular lesion while soft tissue healing was optimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The minimally invasive microsurgical technique may provide a viable solution for the survival of challenging necrotic, immature apex tooth cases in adults. Proper case selection is mandatory for the success of this technique.
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaniotis
authors.affiliation: The University of Warwick, UK. antch@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Chaniotis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antonis
authors.forename: Agapi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zervaki
authors.forename: Zervaki
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Agapi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001729:Bismuth / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000601:surgery*; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000379:methods; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017640:Silicates; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; C475480:MTA-Angelus; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D001729:Bismuth