title: Heart sounds analysis via esophageal stethoscope system in beagles.
abstract: Esophageal stethoscope is less invasive and easy to handling. And it gives a lot of information. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation of blood pressure and heart sound as measured by esophageal stethoscope. Four male beagles weighing 10 to 12 kg were selected as experimental subjects. After general anesthesia, the esophageal stethoscope was inserted. After connecting the microphone, the heart sounds were visualized and recorded through a self-developed equipment and program. The amplitudes of S1 and S2 were monitored real-time to examine changes as the blood pressure increased and decreased. The relationship between the ratios of S1 to S2 (S1/S2) and changes in blood pressure due to ephedrine was evaluated. The same experiment was performed with different concentration of isoflurane. From S1 and S2 in the inotropics experiment, a high correlation appeared with change in blood pressure in S1. The relationship between S1/S2 and change in blood pressure showed a positive correlation in each experimental subject. In the volatile anesthetics experiment, the heart sounds decreased as MAC increased. Heart sounds were analyzed successfully with the esophageal stethoscope through the self-developed program and equipment. A proportional change in heart sounds was confirmed when blood pressure was changed using inotropics or volatile anesthetics. The esophageal stethoscope can achieve the closest proximity to the heart to hear sounds in a non-invasive manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 410 Sungbong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, cheongju, 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hi
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Duck
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Eun Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Tae-Soo
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Yeong-Cheol
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gyeong-Deuk
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Myoung hwan
authors.initials: Mh
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004285:Dogs; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology*; D006326:Heart Auscultation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006347:Heart Sounds / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013018:Sound Spectrography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019023:Stethoscopes