title: In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of a novel root repair material.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined the effect of a new bioactive dentin substitute material (Biodentine) on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biodentine, White ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and glass ionomer cement were evaluated. Human gingival fibroblasts were incubated for 1, 3, and 7 days both in the extracts from immersion of set materials in culture medium and directly on the surface of the set materials immersed in culture medium. Fibroblasts cultured in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium were used as a control group. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts to the surface of the set materials was assessed by using scanning electron microscopy. The data of cell cytotoxicity were analyzed statistically by using a one-way analysis of variance test at a significance level of P< .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cells exposed to extracts from Biodentine and MTA showed the highest viabilities at all extract concentrations, whereas cells exposed to glass ionomer cement extracts displayed the lowest viabilities (P< .05). There was no significant difference in cell viabilities between Biodentine and MTA during the entire experimental period (P> .05). Human gingival fibroblasts in contact with Biodentine and MTA attached to and spread over the material surface after an overnight culture and increased in numbers after 3 and 7 days of culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biodentine caused gingival fibroblast reaction similar to that by MTA. Both materials were less cytotoxic than glass ionomer cement.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Hui-min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Zhe-jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu-feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Lari
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D017640:Silicates / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010087:Oxides; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C506393:tricalcium silicate