title: A new non-human primate model of photochemically induced cerebral infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rat models of photochemically induced cerebral infarction have been readily studied, but to date there are no reports of transcranial photochemically induced infarctions in the marmoset. In this report, we used this non-human primate as a model of cerebral thrombosis and observed the recovery process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five common marmosets were used. Cerebral ischemia was produced via intravascular thrombosis induced by an intravenous injection of Rose Bengal and irradiation with green light. After inducing cerebral infarction, we observed the behavior of marmosets via a continuous video recording. We evaluated maximum speed, mean speed, and distance traveled in 1 min. In addition, we evaluated scores for feeding behavior, upper limb grip, and lower limb grip. We confirmed the infarct area after cerebral infarction using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining in a separate marmoset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found functional decreases 2 days after creating the cerebral infarction in all measurements. Total distance traveled, average speed, upper limb score, and feeding behavior score did not recover to pre-infarction levels within 28 days. Maximum speed in 1 min and lower limb score recovered 28 days after infarction as compared to pre-infarction levels. We confirmed the infarct area of 11.4 mm × 6.8 mm as stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were able to create a primate photothrombosis-induced cerebral infarction model using marmosets and observe functional recovery. We suggest that this is a useful model for basic research of cerebral infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. ikedas@m2.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohwatashi
authors.forename: Yurie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamikawa
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawahira
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D006652:Histological Techniques; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012395:Rose Bengal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D012395:Rose Bengal; C009591:triphenyltetrazolium