title: Long-term outcomes of children with umbilical vein varix diagnosed prenatally.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study aims were to assess the long-term outcomes of children who were diagnosed with umbilical vein varix (UVV) prenatally.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included fetuses with UVV diagnosed in the community between the years 2005 and 2011. They all have been refereed to our Ultrasound Unit for diagnosis' confirmation. This has been conducted locally by a single operator. After delivery, they were matched by gestational age at birth with a set of newborns from a random list. Developmental delay was assessed by telephone interview using a questionnaire based on Ages and Stages Questionnaire. If the child's score (both in the study and control group) was below the cut-off in one or more domain(s), the families were offered an examination by a child developmental health care team.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no perinatal mortality in both groups. A low-development score was found in 41.7% (15/36) and 3.7% (4/108) in UVV and control group, respectively (P < 0.05). In 10 out of 15 (67%) children in the UVV group with low scores, formal developmental assessment was performed. Four (40%) were diagnosed having developmental delay. Among the four controls with low score, two families refused additional assessment and one child died. The remaining child was found to have normal development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A possible association between UVV diagnosed prenatally and child developmental delay was found. However, the clinical implications of these findings are still premature; thus, additional studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Melcer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ben-Ami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wiener
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Livne
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maymon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult