title: Men with prostate cancer make positive dietary changes following diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have measured dietary changes made among men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PC) without formal dietary interventions, yet they may offer insight into the needs of PC survivors. This study examined dietary changes in men before and after treatment for PC within the prostate testing for cancer and treatment randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cohort study in community-based men aged 50-69 tested for PC in nine UK areas. 3,935 men completed food frequency questionnaires before diagnosis and 678 with localized PC repeated the questionnaire 1 year later (response 82.7 %).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men subsequently diagnosed with or without PC all consumed similar diets before diagnosis. Diagnosis of PC led to dietary changes, with 234 (34.7 %) men eating more fresh tomatoes (p < 0.0001) and 156 (23.5 %) more tomato products (p = 0.01). 271 (40.0 %) men consumed more protein (p < 0.0001) and 193 (28.6 %) more fruit/vegetable juice (p < 0.0001). Fewer macronutrients were obtained from dairy products (p < 0.01). Men undergoing active monitoring increased their fruit/vegetable juice intake after diagnosis (p = 0.0023) more than men who had surgery or radiotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Around one-third of men spontaneously adopted a healthier diet and also consumed more 'prostate-healthy' foods following a diagnosis of PC. Dietary choices also differed by radical or monitoring treatments, indicating that men undergoing active surveillance may be more likely to pursue dietary changes as an adjunct therapy. PC survivors can adopt healthier diets, thus providing clinicians with opportunities to support PC survivorship by providing targeted advice beneficial to general and potentially prostate-specific health.
authors.affiliation: School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK. kerry.avery@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Kerry N L
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.forename: Jenny L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emmett
authors.forename: Liz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Down
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Freddie C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.forename: J Athene
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology