title: The effect of the extract of Crocus sativus on tracheal responsiveness and plasma levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, total NO and nitrite in ovalbumin sensitized guinea-pigs.
abstract: ETHNOMEDICAL RELEVANCE: Anti-inflammatory, anti oxidant and effect of Crocus sativus (C. sativus) on Th1/Th2 balance were described previously.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The preventive effects of the extract of Crocus sativus on tracheal responsiveness and plasma levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, total NO and nitrite were examined on sensitized guinea pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five groups of sensitized guinea pigs to ovalbumin (OVA), were given drinking water containing three concentrations of the extract of Crocus sativus, dexamethasone (S+D) or alone (group S). Tracheal responses (TR) of control animals (group C) and sensitized guinea pigs (n=6, for each group) to methacholine, OVA and the levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, total NO and nitrite in serum were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TR to both methacholine and OVA, the levels of serum IL-4, total NO and nitrite in S guinea pigs were significantly increased but that of IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio (Th1/Th2 balance) were decreased compared to the controls (p<0.05 to p<0.001). In the treated animals with dexamethasone and all concentrations of the extract, TR to both methacholine and OVA, IL-4, total NO and nitrite were significantly decreased but IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio increased compared to S group (p<0.05 to p<0.001). The effects of the highest concentration of the extract was greater than those of other concentrations and the effect of dexamethasone (p<0.05 to p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results not only showed a preventive effect of C. sativus extract on tracheal responses and serum levels of inflammatory mediators in sensitized guinea pigs but also showed increased Th1/Th2 balance.
authors.affiliation: Applied Physiology Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Goltaj
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Byrami
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Boskabady
authors.forename: Sedigheh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Farkhondeh
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D027622:Crocus; D035264:Flowers; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D009573:Nitrites; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D015847:Interleukin-4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin