title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in collegiate football players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine prevalence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in college football players and whether positions sustaining the most contact would use NSAIDs more frequently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  American college football programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anonymous survey was given to 211 college football players before the season.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of NSAIDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dependent variables are the different patterns in NSAID usage among positions and the frequency of NSAID use before and after the season.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the athletes surveyed, 95.7% had or were using NSAIDs. Athletes first used NSAIDs in junior high school (45.6%), high school (48.5%), or college (5.8%). Athletes were separated into high (daily or weekly) or low (monthly or rarely) utilizers of NSAIDs. High utilization of NSAIDs was more frequent during the season (50.0%) than in the off-season (14.6%), P < 0.001. High NSAID utilization among all players was more prevalent after than before games (32.7% vs 10.9%, P = 0.002). Players with a higher body mass index (BMI; >28) were significantly higher utilizers of NSAIDs, reporting higher rates of use in season compared with other players (57.4% vs 39.5%, P = 0.011, OR = 2.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of NSAIDs in collegiate football players is common. It is concerning that those athletes with the highest cardiovascular risk (ie, elevated body mass index) use greater amounts of NSAIDs. Further investigation is needed to delineate the short-term and long-term consequences of NSAID utilization in young athletes.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Orthopedic Centers, Woodbury, New Jersey, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Cronholm
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Webner
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005538:Football / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal