title: Alcohol consumption and alcohol problems after bariatric surgery in the Swedish obese subjects study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased sensitivity to alcohol after gastric bypass has been described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bariatric surgery is associated with alcohol problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study enrolled 2,010 obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery (68% vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), 19% banding, and 13% gastric bypass) and 2,037 matched controls. Patients were recruited between 1987 and 2001. Data on alcohol abuse diagnoses, self-reported alcohol consumption, and alcohol problems were obtained from the National Patient Register and questionnaires. Follow-up time was 8-22 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 93.1% of the surgery patients and 96.0% of the controls reported alcohol consumption classified as low risk by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, compared to controls, the gastric bypass group had increased risk of alcohol abuse diagnoses (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] = 4.97), alcohol consumption at least at the WHO medium risk level (adjHR = 2.69), and alcohol problems (adjHR = 5.91). VBG increased the risk of these conditions with adjHRs of 2.23, 1.52, and 2.30, respectively, while banding was not different from controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and alcohol abuse are increased after gastric bypass and VBG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per-Arne
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Åsa
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Anveden
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahlin
authors.forename: Maria Antonella
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Burza
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Anna-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lindroos
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lönroth
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maglio
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Näslund
authors.forename: Kajsa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sjöholm
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wedel
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Söderpalm
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sjöström
authors.forename: Lena M S
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Carlsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D015391:Gastroplasty; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology