title: Computed tomographic evaluation of femoral component rotation in total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optimal femoral component rotational alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is crucial to establish a balanced knee reconstruction. Unbalanced knees can lead to instability, patellofemoral problems, persistent pain, stiffness, and generally poorer outcomes including early failure. Intraoperative techniques to achieve this optimal femoral component rotation include the use of the transepicondylar axis (TEA), the posterior-condylar-cut-parallel-to-the-tibial-cut (PCCPTC) technique and the anteroposterior axis technique (Whiteside's line). The purpose of this study was to compare the PCCPTC technique to the TEA technique using computed tomography (CT) scans to assess femoral component rotational alignment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used postoperative CT scans to compare the degree of femoral component rotation obtained with the use of PCCPTC technique and the TEA. The femoral component rotation of 30 TKA was measured on postoperative CT scans the angle of deviation between the two lines radiographic trans-epicondylar axis (rTEA) and femoral prosthesis posterior condylar line (FPPCL) was determined. This angle represented the rotation of the femoral component relative to the true rTEA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degree of rotation measured 2.67 ± 1.11 degrees in the PCCPTC group and 5.60 ± 1.64 degrees in the TEA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the TEA technique for determining rotational alignment in TKR results in excessive external rotation of the femoral component compared to the PCCPTC technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Shrinand V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.forename: Rajesh M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gadhiya
authors.forename: Vaibhav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagaria
authors.forename: Amar S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ranawat
authors.forename: Chitranjan S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ranawat
keywords: Transepicondylar axis; mal-alignment; rotational alignment