title: Encapsulation of the most potent antioxidant betalains in edible matrixes as powders of different colors.
abstract: Betalains are plant pigments with high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. While basal activity exists in all betalains, the dihydroxylated molecules present the highest TEAC values of the family of compounds. However, their lability limits possible applications. This work reports the encapsulation of the most active pigments, the yellow miraxanthin V and the violet betanidin in edible matrixes of chitosan and maltodextrin. An appropriate spray-drying procedure is described, with an inlet air temperature of 140 °C. The resulting particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and powder color was analyzed by spectrophotometry using an integrating sphere. Stability of the bioactive compounds was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and it was highly promoted by encapsulation, with limited pigment loss after six months' storage. Particles retained the antioxidant and antiradical activities of the soluble pigments measured under the FRAP and ABTS radical assays. A combination of miraxanthin V and betanidin in variable proportions provides a bright palette of encapsulated powders of different colors suitable for food applications.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gandía-Herrero
authors.forename: Juana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabanes
authors.forename: Josefa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Escribano
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García-Carmona
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Atiénzar
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D050858:Betalains / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D003116:Color; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010848:Picolinic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010848:Picolinic Acids; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011208:Powders; C488995:betaxanthin; D050858:Betalains; C008315:maltodextrin; D048271:Chitosan