title: Relationship between gluteal muscle activation and upper extremity kinematics and kinetics in softball position players.
abstract: As the biomechanical literature concerning softball pitching is evolving, there are no data to support the mechanics of softball position players. Pitching literature supports the whole kinetic chain approach including the lower extremity in proper throwing mechanics. The purpose of this project was to examine the gluteal muscle group activation patterns and their relationship with shoulder and elbow kinematics and kinetics during the overhead throwing motion of softball position players. Eighteen Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association softball players (19.2 ± 1.0 years; 68.9 ± 8.7 kg; 168.6 ± 6.6 cm) who were listed on the active playing roster volunteered. Electromyographic, kinematic, and kinetic data were collected while players caught a simulated hit or pitched ball and perform their position throw. Pearson correlation revealed a significant negative correlation between non-throwing gluteus maximus during the phase of maximum external rotation to maximum internal rotation (MIR) and elbow moments at ball release (r = -0.52). While at ball release, trunk flexion and rotation both had a positive relationship with shoulder moments at MIR (r = 0.69, r = 0.82, respectively) suggesting that the kinematic actions of the pelvis and trunk are strongly related to the actions of the shoulder during throwing.
authors.affiliation: FACSM, ATC Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA, goliver@auburn.edu.
authors.forename: Gretchen D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Oliver
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001484:Baseball / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004550:Elbow / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D012782:Shoulder / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult