title: Aberrant deleted in liver cancer-1 expression is associated with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: This study explored the potential role of deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1) as a prognostic indicator of cancer metastasis and survival in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Tissue microarrays were constructed from paraffin-embedded specimens from 88 UC patients, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to investigate the association of DLC-1 with clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcome. The DLC-1 expression showed a significant positive correlation with tumor location (p = 0.041) and a significant negative correlation with advanced histological grade (p = 0.013). In tumors with low DLC-1 expression, Bcl-2 positivity was observed in 24.4% of cases. The DLC-1 expression had significant negative associations with Bcl-2 expression (p = 0.032) and with highly metastatic UC (p = 0.032). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that DLC-1 protein expression was negatively associated with both overall survival (OS) (p = 0.035) and with distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (p = 0.041), but not with disease-free survival. Multivariate analyses indicated that tumor size was the significant independent predictors of OS (p = 0.048); however, only DLC-1 expression was a significant independent predictor of DMFS (p = 0.019). In conclusion, reduced DLC-1 protein expression may be an important factor in tumor progression and a useful prognostic molecular marker in UC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Tzu
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ching-Hsiu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chun-Chieh
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ya-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chee-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C112352:DLC1 protein, human; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
keywords: Bcl-2; Deleted in liver cancer-1; prognostic factor; tissue microarrays; urothelial carcinoma