title: Time-dependent effect of oral morphine consumption on the development of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placental layers during the three different periods of pregnancy in Wistar rats.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that morphine abuse during pregnancy cancause a delay in the development of the placenta and embryo and also bring about birth defects. The present study investigates the effect of the duration of maternal morphine consumption during pregnancy, as well as the impacts of morphine abuse on the development of placental layers during the three different periods of pregnancy in Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Wistar rats have been used in the present study. Experimental groups received morphine (0.05 mg/mL of drinking water) after one night of coupling with male rats for mating. On 9th, 10th, and 14th days of pregnancy, pregnant animals were killed, and placentas were removed and fixed. The cells of the placentas layers were calculated by light microscope and MOTIC and SPSS software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maternal surface thickness of the placenta was significantly increased, whereasthe fetal surface thickness of placenta was significantly decreased with morphine consumption with a time-dependent manner in experimental groups, compared to control groups. Moreover, the number of trophoblast cells increased in both maternal and fetal surfaces of placenta with respect to the duration of morphine consumption which was overt in the experimental groups compared to the control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, the time-dependent effects of oral morphine consumption can inhibit the development and natural functioning of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placental layers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dehghani
authors.forename: Hedayat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sahraei
authors.forename: Rokhsareh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meamar
authors.forename: Masoomeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazemi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D023421:Models, Animal; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009021:Morphine Dependence / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine