title: Mild weight loss reduces inflammatory cytokines, leukocyte count, and oxidative stress in overweight and moderately obese participants treated for 3 years with dietary modification.
abstract: Obesity-induced oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether diet-induced, long-term, mild weight loss improved proinflammatory cytokine levels, leukocyte count, and oxidative stress. Overweight/obese participants (25 ≤ body mass index < 34 kg/m(2), N = 122, 30-59 years) joined a 3-year-long clinical intervention involving daily 100-kcal calorie deficits. Successful weight loss was defined as a reduction in initial body weight equal to 2 kg after the clinical intervention period. Body weight in the successful mild weight loss group (SWL, n = 50) changed 5.4% (-4.16 ± 0.31 kg) compared to 0.05 ± 0.14 kg in the unsuccessful weight loss group (n = 49). After 3 years, SWL participants exhibited significantly reduced insulin, triglycerides, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acids, and leukocyte count (P = .030). Furthermore, in the SWL group, serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin (PG)F2α were significantly reduced (45%, 30%, and 14%, respectively). In contrast, the unsuccessful weight loss group exhibited significant increases in percentage of body fat, waist circumference, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. After adjusting for baseline values, the 2 groups demonstrated significantly different percentage of body fat, waist circumference, leukocyte count (P = .018), insulin, IL-6 (P = .031), IL-1β (P < .001), and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < .001), as well as urinary 8-epi-PGF2α (P = .036). A positive correlation existed between IL-1β and urinary 8-epi-PGF2α (r = 0.435, P < .001) and between changes in IL-6 and urinary 8-epi-PGF2α (r = 0.393, P < .001). Long-term mild weight loss reduces inflammatory cytokine levels, leukocyte counts, and oxidative stress and may reverse the elevated oxidative stress induced by inflammatory mediators in the overweight and obese.
authors.affiliation: Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jey Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Jean Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Ryungwoo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Minjoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yongin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000652:urine; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000652:urine; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007328:Insulin; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008055:Lipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost