title: A proposed role for neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer immunoediting.
abstract: Upon activation, neutrophils release fibers composed of chromatin and neutrophil proteins termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs trap and kill microbes, activate dendritic cells and T cells, and are implicated in autoimmune and vascular diseases. Given the growing interest in the role of neutrophils in cancer immunoediting and the diverse function of NETs, we searched for NETs release by tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). Using pediatric Ewing sarcoma (ES) as a model, we retrospectively examined histopathological material from diagnostic biopsies of eight patients (mean ± SD age of 11.5 ± 4.7 years). TANs were found in six patients and in two of those we identified NETs. These two patients presented with metastatic disease and despite entering complete remission after intensive chemotherapy had an early relapse. NETs were not identified in the diagnostic biopsies of two patients with localized disease and two with metastatic disease. This study is the first to show that TANs in ES are activated to make NETs, pointing to a possible role of NETs in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory for Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Sivan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berger-Achituv
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brinkmann
authors.forename: Ulrike Abu
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Abed
authors.forename: Lars I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ben-Ezra
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elhasid
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zychlinsky
keywords: Ewing sarcoma; cancer; cancer immunoediting; neutrophil extracellular traps; neutrophils