title: Nitrification characteristics of nitrobacteria immobilized in waterborne polyurethane in wastewater of corn-based ethanol fuel production.
abstract: A technology to achieve stable and high ammonia nitrogen removal rates for corn distillery wastewater (ethanol fuel production) treatment has been designed. The characteristics of nitrifying bacteria entrapped in a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) gel carrier were evaluated after acclimation. In the acclimation period, nitrification rates of WPU-immobilized nitrobacteria were monitored and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also carried out to investigate the change in ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The results showed that the pellet nitrification rates increased from 21 to 228 mg-N/(L-pellet x hr) and the quantity of the ammonia oxidation bacteria increased substantially during the acclimation. A continuous ammonia removal experiment with the anaerobic pond effluent of a distillery wastewater system was conducted with immobilized nitrifying bacteria for 30 days using an 80 L airlift reactor with pellets at a fill ratio of 15% (V/V). Under the conditions of 75 mg/L influent ammonia, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.7-5.6 hr, and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 4 mg/L, the effluent ammonia concentration was lower than 10 mg/L and the ammonia removal efficiency was 90%. While the highest ammonia removal rate, 162 mg-N/(L-pellet x hr), was observed when the HRT was 1.3 hr.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. YMDong515@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yamei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Zhenjia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yongwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xuehang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Ya-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Dongning
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D000431:Ethanol; D007220:Industrial Waste; D058465:Nitrification; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D011140:Polyurethanes; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen; D011140:Polyurethanes; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D062065:Wastewater; D014873:Water Pollutants