title: Damage-associated molecular patterns derived from mitochondria may contribute to the hemodialysis-associated inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released during cell necrosis or apoptosis and induce inflammation. Cell apoptosis is increased in HD patients. The mitochondrial protein cytochrome c, as a marker of released mitochondrial DAMPs, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as a marker of inflammation, were evaluated in HD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four HD patients and 20 controls were enrolled in the study. Serum cytochrome c and IL-6 were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, cytochrome c was markedly increased in HD patients (1392.88 ± 905.24 pg/mL vs. 212.95 ± 91.71 pg/mL). IL-6 was also significantly increased in HD patients (50.32 ± 35.89 pg/mL vs. 14.27 ± 6.83 pg/mL). In HD patients serum IL-6 was positively related to serum cytochrome c (r = 0.458).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both circulating cytochrome c and IL-6 are markedly increased in HD patients. Cytochrome c is positively related to IL-6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Neo Ktirio, Mezourlo Hill, 41110, Larissa, Greece, teleftheriadis@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eleftheriadis
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pissas
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antoniadi
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liakopoulos
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stefanidis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D045304:Cytochromes c