title: Effects of silibinin and ethanol on skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the potential beneficial effect of silibinin in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of skeletal muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under urethane anesthesia, four experimental groups were established in Balb/c mice: I) Sham-control, II) IRI (Tourniquet-induced) (2+1 h), III) IRI+ethanol (10%), and IV) IRI+silibinin (50 mg/kg/IP). The viability of muscle (left) was evaluated by the triphenyltetrazolium chloride dye method and calculated as the percentage of the contralateral control muscle (right). Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were measured in the gastrocnemius muscle via a spectrophotometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The viability of gastrocnemius muscle in group II was significantly lower in comparison with that seen in group I. The administration of either ethanol or silibinin rendered the tissues to recover nearly to the baseline level. Additionally, malondialdehyde levels were higher in group II than those in group I. The application of silibinin prior to the reperfusion attenuated these to the control levels. However, malondialdehyde levels in the ethanol administrated group were reduced as well. The enhanced superoxide dismutase activity seen in the IRI group was not diminished in the animals treated with either silibinin or ethanol. Similarly, there were no differences between groups regarding the catalase activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethanol seems to be effective in attenuating IRI in skeletal muscle and no definite conclusion can be made on silibinin effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Turkey. yusufergun@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ergün
authors.forename: Ergül Belge
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kurutaş
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.forename: Tuğrul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alici
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D011897:Random Allocation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000077385:Silybin; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014022:Tissue Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012838:Silymarin; D000431:Ethanol; D000077385:Silybin