title: [QacEdelta1 gene frequency and biocide resistance in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of the gene qacEdelta1 and characterize the resistance to biocides of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) obtained from clinical isolates causing nosocomial infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total 59 ESBL-PE causing nosocomial infections were included: Klebsiella pneumoniae (35) and Enterobacter cloacae (24). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was tested for chlorhexidine (CHX) and benzalkonium chloride (CLBZ) by agar dilution technique. Amplification of the SHV, TLA-1 and qacEdelta1 genes were performed by PCR using specific primers and plasmid identification was done by alkaline lysis method. Matting experiments were obtained on solid agar method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chlorhexidine-resistance was found in 100% of the ESBL-PE and benzalkonium chloride-resistance in 80%. In 68% of the biocides-resistant strains the qacEdelta1 gene was present. The 66% of resulting transconjugants were resistant to CHX and the gene qacEdelta1 was detected in 55%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The qacEdelta1 gene of antiseptic resistance is widespread in the EP-ESBL and can be transferred horizontally. Thus it is advisable to use combinations of antiseptics, as recommended in the literature, to avoid selection of multiresistant bacteria in hospitals, causing nosocomial infections.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Diagnóstico Epidemiológico, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pastrana-Carrasco
authors.forename: Jesús Ulises
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Garza-Ramos
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barrios
authors.forename: Rayo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morfin-Otero
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Noriega
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barajas
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Fortino
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Solórzano
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silva-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D002710:Chlorhexidine