title: Intratumoral regulatory T cells with higher prevalence and more suppressive activity in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
abstract: Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a vital role in immunosuppressive crosstalk; however, Tregs from different locations lead to different clinical outcomes. Our aim was, therefore, to compare the prevalences and suppressive phenotypes of Tregs in the peripheral blood, peritumor, and intratumor of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS : The frequencies and phenotypes of CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(low/-) CD49d(-) Tregs in the periphery, peritumor, and intratumor of 78 HCC patients and 12 healthy controls were evaluated by flow cytometry. Treg-cell suppressive activity was determined using an in vitro CD154 expression assay. Tregs from tumor and paired peritumor were then hybridized using an Agilent whole genome oligo microarray, and selected genes were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional analysis of the microarray data was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses. RESULTS : Intratumoral Tregs exhibited higher frequencies and more suppressive phenotypic functions than those in peritumor and periphery, whereas there was no difference between the latter two. Functional analysis showed that complement cascades, p53, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis pathways were significantly upregulated in intratumoral Tregs; the salivary secretion pathway was significantly downregulated in intratumoral Tregs, and immune cells and tumor-immuno-related Gene Ontology terms were significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS : Tregs in different locations exhibited different functional statuses. A higher prevalence and more suppressive phenotype suggested a critical role for intratumoral Tregs in the formation of multicellular immunosuppressive networks. HCC immunotherapy may be improved, therefore, by specific locational Tregs elimination or suppression.
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Yi-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Jia-Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yun-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shuang-Jian
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D019139:Tumor Escape / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface
keywords: gene microarray; hepatocellular carcinoma; immunosuppression; regulatory T cell; tumor immuno-escape