title: Currency notes and coins as a possible source of transmitting fungal pathogens of man and plants.
abstract: Currency (notes and coins) handling by people during transaction is one of the most mobile objects within the community, which has a potential of transmitting pathogens. A survey carried out recently in Nanded city (Maharashtra) revealed heavy contamination of currency notes and coins by important fungal pathogens of plants and man, i.e. Aspergillus niger (60.37%), A. flavus (3.98%), A.nidulans (0.2%), Penicillium citrinum (17.80%), Alternaria tenuis (0.20%), Curvularia pallescens (0.20%), Cladosporium cladosporioides (10.69%), Rhizopus stolonifer (1.04%), an unidentified Aspergillus species .1 (0.20%) and another unidentified Aspergillus species.2 (3.14%), Fusarium sp. (0.20%), Trichoderma viride (0.20%),white sterile mycelium (0.62%) and brown sterile mycelium (0.62%). The study highlights the importance of preventing and controlling fungal contamination of currency notes and coins in public health and plant protection. Currency notes or coins are rarely suspected as infection sources and often not quarantined at airport or seaport terminal. Possible transmission of pathogens or "alien", invasive species through currency across borders or across countries needs to be taken into consideration especially under circumstances of serious outbreak of important disease or when there is a threat of biological warfare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, N.E.S. Science College, Nanded--431 602 (M S) India. wanuledinesh@rediff.com
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wanule
authors.forename: Vaghmare
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jalander
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gachande
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Sirsikar
mesh_terms: D003132:Commerce; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007194:India; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D010209:Paper; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*