title: Proliferation and osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of stem cells from dental apical papilla in mineralization-inducing medium containing additional KH(2)PO(4).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stem cells from the dental apical papilla (SCAPs) can be induced to differentiate along both osteoblast and odontoblast lineages. However, little knowledge is available concerning their differentiation efficiency in osteogenic media containing additional KH2 PO4 .
  
  
  METHODS
  Stem cells from the dental apical papilla were isolated from apical papillae of immature third molars and treated with two kinds of mineralization-inducing media, MM1 and MM2, differing in KH2 PO4 concentration. Proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity of MM1/MM2-treated SCAPs were investigated and compared both in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell counting and flow cytometry demonstrated that MM2 containing 1.8 mm additional KH2 PO4 significantly enhanced proliferative potential of SCAPs, compared to MM1. Osteo/odontogenic capacity of SCAPs was much better in MM2 medium than in MM1, as indicated by elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, increased calcium deposition and upregulated expression of osteo/odontoblast-specific genes/proteins (for example, runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, osteocalcin, dentin sialoprotein, and dentin sialophosphoprotein). In vivo transplantation findings proved that SCAPs in MM2 group generated more mineralized tissues, and presented higher expression of osteo/odontoblast-specific proteins (osteocalcin and dentin sialoprotein) than those in the MM1 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mineralization-inducing media supplemented with 1.8 mm additional KH2 PO4 significantly enhanced cell proliferation and improved differentiation capacity of SCAPs along osteo/odontogenic cell lineages, compared to counterparts lacking additional KH2 PO4 .
authors.affiliation: Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism; D003771:Dental Papilla / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014074:Tooth Calcification; D055815:Young Adult; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D003470:Culture Media; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D015675:Osteocalcin; D010710:Phosphates; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; C013216:potassium phosphate