title: Prevalence and prediction for malignancy of additional thyroid nodules coexisting with proven papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical efficacy of ultrasonographic (US) classification of additional thyroid nodules coexisting with proven papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Historical cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  In addition to the prevalence of additional thyroid nodules based on an US classification, the diagnostic accuracy and predictive factors for malignancy were assessed in 300 nodules randomly selected from 300 patients with cytologically proven PTMC who underwent total thyroidectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common thyroid nodules were "indeterminate nodules," 68.0%, followed by "probably benign nodules," 20.7%, and "suspicious malignant nodules," 11.3%. For indeterminate nodules, the malignancy rate was 16.6% (34/204) with disregard to its location, either on the contralateral (15.1%, 16/106) or ipsilateral side (18.4%, 18/98) of the known PTMC (P = .53). According to univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical and US findings for predictive variables of malignancy in indeterminate nodules, hypoechogenicity was proven to be the sole predictive factor for malignancy (odds ratio 5.62, 95% CI, 2.29-13.72).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US-based classification of additional thyroid nodules is a useful tool for decision making of the surgical extent in patients with a single PTMC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seung Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Jung Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Noorie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young-Ik
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Han-Sin
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Chung-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Man Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: papillary thyroid microcarcinoma; thyroid nodules; ultrasonography