title: ELF4 regulates GIGANTEA chromatin access through subnuclear sequestration.
abstract: Many organisms, including plants, use the circadian clock to measure the duration of day and night. Daily rhythms in the plant circadian system are generated by multiple interlocked transcriptional/translational loops and also by spatial regulations such as nuclear translocation. GIGANTEA (GI), one of the key clock components in Arabidopsis, makes distinctive nuclear bodies like other nuclear-localized circadian regulators. However, little is known about the dynamics or roles of GI subnuclear localization. Here, we characterize GI subnuclear compartmentalization and identify unexpected dynamic changes under diurnal conditions. We further identify EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4) as a regulator of GI nuclear distribution through a physical interaction. ELF4 sequesters GI from the nucleoplasm, where GI binds the promoter of CONSTANS (CO), to discrete nuclear bodies. We suggest that the subnuclear compartmentalization of GI by ELF4 contributes to the regulation of photoperiodic flowering.
authors.affiliation: Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Junhyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Miji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.forename: Hyunmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeongsik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Woe Yeon
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Somers
authors.forename: Hong Gil
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C092776:CONSTANS protein, Arabidopsis; D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C465973:ELF4 protein, Arabidopsis; C121183:GI protein, Arabidopsis; D014157:Transcription Factors