title: Reprogramming of adult human neural stem cells into induced pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since an effective method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human neural stem cells (hNSCs) can offer us a promising tool for studying brain diseases, here we reported direct reprogramming of adult hNSCs into iPSCs by retroviral transduction of four defined factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  NSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from the hippocampus tissue of epilepsy patients. When combined with four factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC), iPSCs colonies were successfully obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphological characterization and specific genetic expression confirmed that these hNSCs-derived iPSCs showed embryonic stem cells-like properties, which include the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our method would be useful for generating human iPSCs from NSCs and provide an important tool for studying neurological diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Li-Qian
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Hua-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hai-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zheng-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xiao-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; C489427:MYC protein, human; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors