title: Formation and identification of PAHs metabolites in marine organisms.
abstract: In this study, the development of the technique APCI(+) LC/MS/MS allowed the detection of phenanthrene, pyrene and metabolites of alkyl homologs in fish bile (in situ) and in urine of crabs. Laboratory experiments were carried out exposing crabs from an unpolluted mangrove (Barra de Guaratiba) to phenanthrene, and to the alkylated homologs 1-methyl phenanthrene and 2,6,9-trimethyl phenanthrene. Urine samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Fishes were captured from strategic sites from Guanabara Bay. Hydroxylated metabolites of phenanthrene, epoxides, orthoquinone and glucoside conjugates were identified in both samples. The method APCI(+) LC/MS/MS showed to be effective in a preliminary assessment of phenanthrene metabolite formation, although the low concentrations of 1-methyl phenanthene and 2,6,9-trimethyl phenanthrene did not allow a systematic evaluation of data. The method, however, proved to be excellent tool for studies of PAHs metabolites due to the high selectivity, sensitivity and separation attained.
authors.affiliation: LABMAM - Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, 22543-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: carlasette@puc-rio.br.
authors.forename: Carla B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Sette
authors.forename: Thaís de A
authors.initials: Tde A
authors.lastname: Pedrete
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Felizzola
authors.forename: Adriana H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Nudi
authors.forename: Arthur de L
authors.initials: Ade L
authors.lastname: Scofield
authors.forename: Angela de L R
authors.initials: Ade L
authors.lastname: Wagener
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry; D003386:Brachyura / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C031181:phenanthrene; C030984:pyrene
keywords: Barra de Guaratiba mangrove; Bioassay; Crab; Fish; Genidens genidens; Guanabara Bay; Liquid chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS); Micropogonias furnieri; Mugil liza; PAHs Metabolites; Ucides cordatus