title: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of zoledronic acid in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of zoledronic acid in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 healthy horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single dose of zoledronic acid (0.057 mg/kg, IV) was administered during a 30-minute period. Venous blood was collected at several time points. Zoledronic acid concentration in plasma was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and pertinent pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Plasma was analyzed for total calcium, BUN, and creatinine concentrations and a marker for bone resorption (C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Zoledronic acid was safely administered IV during a 30-minute period, and no adverse effects were observed. Plasma concentrations of zoledronic acid were consistent with a 2-compartment mammillary model. Plasma concentrations of zoledronic acid were detected for up to 8 hours after administration. Mean total calcium concentrations in plasma were less than the reference range 7 days after zoledronic acid administration. A marker for bone remodeling decreased in concentration after zoledronic acid administration and remained low for the 1-year duration of the study. No changes in BUN and creatinine concentrations were observed after zoledronic acid administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zoledronic acid was safely administered in healthy horses. Zoledronic acid is reported as the strongest bisphosphonate presently available, and studies evaluating potential benefits of zoledronic acid in horses with orthopedic conditions are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: Heather K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Knych
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Snyder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid