title: Advancing the application of omics-based biomarkers in environmental epidemiology.
abstract: The use of omics represents a shift in approach for environmental epidemiology and exposure science. In this article, the aspects of the use of omics that will require further development in the near future are discussed, including (a) the underlying causal interpretation and models; (b) the "meet-in-the-middle" concept, with examples; (c) the role of "calibration" of measurements; and (d) the role of life-course epidemiology and the related development of adequate biostatistical models.
authors.affiliation: MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. p.vineis@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Veldhoven
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chadeau-Hyam
authors.forename: Toby J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Athersuch
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004813:Epidemiology; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D040901:Proteomics
keywords: biomarkers; compartmental models; environmental epidemiology; exposome; systems biology