title: Development of photothermal FTIR microspectroscopy as a novel means of spatially identifying amorphous and crystalline salbutamol sulfate on composite surfaces.
abstract: Photothermal Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy (PTMS), involving the combination of FTIR spectroscopy with atomic force microscopy, has been used to examine compacts of amorphous and crystalline salbutamol sulfate in order to assess the ability of the technique to distinguish between different physical forms in a multicomponent material. Samples of amorphous and crystalline material were assessed using modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy, microthermal analysis, and conventional FTIR. Mixed compacts were then prepared such that verification of the location of the forms present was possible via topography and localized thermal analysis. PTMS studies were then performed on selected interrogation points, with spectra obtained which were largely intermediate between those corresponding to the two individual forms. Calculation of the thermal diffusivity indicated a resolution for the technique corresponding to a hemisphere of a major diameter in the region of 40 μm, which is large in relation to the particle sizes involved. However, distinction into amorphous, crystalline, and indeterminate categories was possible using chemometric analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis). Good agreement was found between the identification methods for the mixed systems. The study has therefore shown the potential, as well as identifying the limitations, of using PTMS as a means of spatially identifying components in complex materials.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Louise C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Grisedale
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Moffat
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Belton
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Duncan Q M
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000737:chemistry; D000420:Albuterol / Q000737:chemistry*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003460:Crystallization; D006358:Hot Temperature; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013814:Thermal Conductivity
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D000420:Albuterol