title: Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells by Solanum lyratum extracts.
abstract: This research focused on a Chinese herb medicine, Solanum lyratum Thunb (Solanaceae) by ethanol extracts (SLE) for investigating the molecular anticancer mechanism in vitro for exploring the means of cell death through the effects on mitochondrial function. We found that SLE induced cytotoxic effects in human osteosacroma U-2 OS cells, and these effects include cell morphological changes, a decrease of the percentage of viable cells and induction of apoptosis. The results suggest that cell death induced by SLE is closely related to apoptosis based on the observations of DAPI staining and sub-G1 phase in U-2 OS cells. Flow cytometric assays also showed that SLE promoted the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide but decreased the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and promoted the activations of caspase-8 and -9 in U-2 OS cells. SLE inhibited the level of Bcl-2 but promoted the Bax level, and both proteins led to the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol and activation of caspase-9 and -3, resulting in the apoptotic death which is mediated through the mitochondrial pathway. Taken together, SLE was demonstrated to be effective in killing U-2 OS osteosacroma cells via the ROS-promoted and mitochondria- and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: An-Cheng
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chao-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Jai-Sing
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yu-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Chien-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Wen-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jing-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000032:analysis; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004247:DNA; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9