title: Case report: squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a horse.
abstract: A 14-year-old Hanoverian gelding was evaluated after a 10-week history of occasional straining during urination and dark red urine production after exercise. Physical examination findings were within normal limits. After 2 weeks of clinical signs, ultrasonography had found no abnormalities in the kidneys or bladder. A freely voided urine sample revealed an elevated protein concentration (500 mg/dL; reference range: <100 mg/dL) and few red blood cells. Vitamin C supplementation was suggested to acidify the urine, as was provision of a salt block to encourage water intake.
authors.affiliation: Littleton Equine Medical Center, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Alanna J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Zantingh
authors.forename: Earl M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gaughan
authors.forename: Fairfield T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Bain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*