title: Complement and kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review summarizes recent key findings relating to the role of the complement system in renal pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is increasing association of genetic variations in complement and complement control proteins with renal disease. Genome-wide association studies have shown that polymorphisms at the complement factor H-related gene locus are associated with susceptibility to IgA nephropathy and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Rare mutations in these genes are associated with familial forms of C3 glomerulopathy. Mutations in other complement genes have been associated with C3 glomerulopathy and hemolytic uremic syndrome. There are now several reports of the use of anti-C5 antibody therapy in renal disease. Preclinical studies have shown the utility of targeted inhibition of C3 activation in models of lupus glomerulonephritis and ischemia reperfusion injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complement activation or dysregulation is important in a range of renal pathology and new therapeutic strategies are being developed which may allow rational therapy for these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: H Terence
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051056:Complement Inactivating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D051056:Complement Inactivating Agents; D003165:Complement System Proteins; C481642:eculizumab