title: Augmenter of liver regeneration promotes hepatic regeneration depending on the integrity of Kupffer cell in rat small-for-size liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) can promote hepatocyte proliferation and thereby augment liver mass restoration. This study was performed to further explore the mechanism of ALR on liver regeneration in small-for-size liver transplanted rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Donor Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a Kupffer cell (KC)-depleted group (pretreated with GdCl3) and KC-competent group and then further divided into two subgroups: the ALR subgroup (infused with 100 μg/kg ALR through the portal vein) and non-ALR subgroup. Only the median lobe was retained to establish the small-for-size liver transplantation model. Ten rats from each subgroup were used for the 7 d survival study. In addition, the nuclear factor κB activity, reperfusion injury, regeneration of the remnant liver, and tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 expression levels were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ALR could accelerate graft regeneration by increasing nuclear factor κB activity to induce tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 expression in the KC-competent rats, which resulted in a higher 7 d survival rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ALR could enhance the hepatocellular proliferation of small-for-size liver grafts, and these effects appeared to deeply depend on the integrity of KCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chengyou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Zuojin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011506:Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C088825:GFER protein, rat; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors
keywords: Augmenter of liver regeneration; Kupffer cell; Liver transplantation