title: Resolving the CaP-bone interface: a review of discoveries with light and electron microscopy.
abstract: It has long been known that the interfacial relationship between synthetic materials and tissue is influential in the success of implant materials. Instability at the implant interface has been shown, in some cases, to lead to complete implant failure. Bioceramics, and in particular calcium phosphates, form a large fraction of the implantable devices on the market today due to the biocompatibility they exhibit in contact with bone and tooth-like tissues. The characterization of such bioceramic-tissue interfaces has played a crucial role in understanding the behavior of bioceramics in vivo. In this review, we shed light on the preparation methods, technological approaches and key advances in resolving the interface between calcium phosphate bioceramics and bone, and share a future outlook on this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. kathryn.grandfield@angstrom.uu.se
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grandfield
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmquist
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engqvist
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008422:Materials Testing; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D019736:Prostheses and Implants
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D007477:Ions; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: bioceramic; bone; calcium phosphate; electron microscopy; focused ion beam; hydroxyapatite; interface; light microscopy