title: Association of plasma parathyroid hormone with metabolic syndrome and risk for cardiovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current literature investigating the association of plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a search of PubMed and Medline database using the terms hyperparathyroidism, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and CVD. We reviewed relevant studies from 2004 to 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The current literature assessing the association of plasma PTH levels with metabolic syndrome and CVD is inconsistent; however, positive associations among hyperparathyroidism, metabolic syndrome, and CVD were found in a majority of the studies. The differences in the study populations may partly explain the mixed results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the general population, a high serum PTH level predisposes patients to CVD mortality. Further research is needed to determine the role of PTH in the etiology of metabolic syndrome and CVD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Sue A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shapses
authors.forename: Xiangbing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone