title: S3 motor branch stimulation failure due to nerve fiber burning at the nerve-wire junction: A historical technical note.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sacral nerve stimulation is a minimally invasive procedure to treat spinal cord injured (SCI) patients with overactive bladder syndrome or nonobstructive urinary retention that is refractory to conservative treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, we report a case of traumatic cervical SCI with quadriplegia and spastic bladder, which was managed by third sacral motor branch stimulation in 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this case, stimulation-induced burning of nerve fibers was seen microscopically during the implantation surgery. At 2 weeks after the index surgery, the stimulator was removed due to ineffectiveness. We hypothesize that the stimulation settings of our stimulator were not appropriate for neural stimulation and led to neural destruction, fibrosis, and treatment failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The device settings of stimulators used in neural stimulation should be appropriate for direct neural stimulation otherwise they can lead to neural destruction and treatment failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Emami
authors.forename: Najme-Sadat
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Moosavi
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
authors.forename: Vafa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rahimi-Movaghar
keywords: Nerve root injury; sacral nerve stimulation; spinal cord injury