title: Update in the evaluation of the azoospermic male.
abstract: Approximately 1% of all men in the general population suffer from azoospermia, and azoospermic men constitute approximately 10 to 15% of all infertile men. Thus, this group of patients represents a significant population in the field of male infertility. A thorough medical history, physical examination and hormonal profile are essential in the evaluation of azoospermic males. Imaging studies, a genetic workup and a testicular biopsy (with cryopreservation) may augment the workup and evaluation. Men with nonobstructive azoospermia should be offered genetic counseling before their spermatozoa are used for assisted reproductive techniques. This article provides a contemporary review of the evaluation of the azoospermic male.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Winter Haven Hospital, University of Florida, Winter Haven, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gudeloglu
authors.forename: Sijo J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Parekattil
mesh_terms: D053713:Azoospermia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000175:diagnosis; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D013076:Sperm Count