title: No effect of subperiosteal growth factor application on periosteal neo-chondrogenesis in osteoperiosteal bone grafts for osteochondral defect repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of subperiosteal injection of chondroinductive growth factors on the histological and biomechanical outcome of autologous osteoperiosteal grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty six standardised osteochondral defects were created in the trochlear groove of 18 Göttinger Minipigs and evaluated after six, 12 and 52 weeks. Defects were treated with press-fit implantation of autologous osteoperiosteal cylindrical block-grafts with or without subperiosteal injection of a chondroinductive growth factor mixture (GFM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histomorphological analysis showed complete osseointegration of all grafts from six weeks. The periosteum remained in place in 35 of 36 cases. Fibrocartilagineous repair tissue formation occurred at the cambium layer with a maximum at 12 weeks in both groups. Histomorphological grading and biomechanical testing showed highest values at 12 weeks, with signs of tissue degradation at one year. There was no significant difference between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transplantation of autologous osteoperiosteal grafts is an effective method to restore subchondral bone defects, but not the overlying cartilage as the repair tissue deteriorates in the long term. Subperiosteal growth factors injection did not stimulate tissue differentiation on a biomechanical and histomorphological level.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany. Tobias.Gotterbarm@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gotterbarm
authors.forename: Steffen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Breusch
authors.forename: Simona Berardi
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Vilei
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mainil-Varlet
authors.forename: Wiltrud
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D007267:Injections; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D010521:Periosteum / Q000637:transplantation*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins