title: Species-specific and drug-specific differences in susceptibility of Candida biofilms to echinocandins: characterization of less common bloodstream isolates.
abstract: Candida species other than Candida albicans are increasingly recognized as causes of biofilm-associated infections. This is a comprehensive study that compared the in vitro activities of all three echinocandins against biofilms formed by different common and infrequently identified Candida isolates. We determined the activities of anidulafungin (ANID), caspofungin (CAS), and micafungin (MFG) against planktonic cells and biofilms of bloodstream isolates of C. albicans (15 strains), Candida parapsilosis (6 strains), Candida lusitaniae (16 strains), Candida guilliermondii (5 strains), and Candida krusei (12 strains) by XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] assay. Planktonic and biofilm MICs were defined as ≥ 50% fungal damage. Planktonic cells of all Candida species were susceptible to the three echinocandins, with MICs of ≤ 1 mg/liter. By comparison, differences in the MIC profiles of biofilms in response to echinocandins existed among the Candida species. Thus, C. lusitaniae and C. guilliermondii biofilms were highly recalcitrant to all echinocandins, with MICs of ≥ 32 mg/liter. In contrast, the MICs of all three echinocandins for C. albicans and C. krusei biofilms were relatively low (MICs ≤ 1 mg/liter). While echinocandins exhibited generally high MICs against C. parapsilosis biofilms, MFG exhibited the lowest MICs against these isolates (4 mg/liter). A paradoxical growth effect was observed with CAS concentrations ranging from 8 to 64 mg/liter against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis biofilms but not against C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, or C. guilliermondii. While non-albicans Candida planktonic cells were susceptible to all echinocandins, there were drug- and species-specific differences in susceptibility among biofilms of the various Candida species, with C. lusitaniae and C. guilliermondii exhibiting profiles of high MICs of the three echinocandins.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simitsopoulou
authors.forename: Pavla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peshkova
authors.forename: Efthymia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tasina
authors.forename: Aspasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katragkou
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kyrpitzi
authors.forename: Aristea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velegraki
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roilides
mesh_terms: D000077612:Anidulafungin; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D058387:Candidemia / Q000382:microbiology*; D000077336:Caspofungin; D054714:Echinocandins / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077551:Micafungin; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010933:Plankton; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D000077612:Anidulafungin; D000077336:Caspofungin; D000077551:Micafungin