title: Municipal officials' perceived barriers to consideration of physical activity in community design decision making.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Built environment-focused interventions and policies are recommended as sustainable approaches for promoting physical activity. Physical activity has not traditionally been considered in land use and transportation decision making. Effective collaboration with non-public health partners requires knowledge of their perceived barriers to such consideration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This analysis sought to (a) establish prevalence estimates of selected barriers to the consideration of physical activity in community design and layout decisions and (b) describe how barrier reporting by public health officials differs from other municipal officials among a wide range of job functions and departments in a geographically diverse sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Web-based survey was conducted among municipal officials in 94 cities and towns with populations of at least 50 000 residents in 8 states.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 453 municipal officials from public health, planning, transportation/public works, community and economic development, parks and recreation, city management, and municipal legislatures in 83 cities and towns responded to the survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five barriers to consideration of physical activity in community design and layout were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common barriers included lack of political will (23.5%), limited staff (20.4%), and lack of collaboration across municipal departments (16.2%). Fewer participants reported opposition from the business community or residents as barriers. Public health department personnel were more likely to report the barriers of limited staff and lack of collaboration across municipal departments than other professionals. They were also more likely to report lack of political will than city managers or mayors and municipal legislators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Barriers to increasing consideration of physical activity in decision making about community design and layout are encouragingly low. Implications for public health practice include the need to strategically increase political will despite public health staffing constraints and perceived lack of collaboration with relevant departments such as planning and public works/transportation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Karin Valentine
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Goins
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brownson
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carnoske
authors.forename: Kelly R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Evenson
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eyler
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Litt
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lyn
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maddock
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Nancy Oʼhara
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Tompkins
authors.forename: Stephenie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lemon
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D004779:Environment Design; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D009111:Local Government; D009043:Motor Activity; D011057:Politics; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D014481:United States