title: Comparative pharmacokinetics of N(ω)-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, an arginase inhibitor, after single-dose intravenous, intraperitoneal and intratracheal administration to brown Norway rats.
abstract: 1.  Rodent studies have documented that N(ω)-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA), an arginase inhibitor, has therapeutic potential in the treatment of cardiovascular and obstructive airway diseases. However, its bioavailability and pharmacokinetics have not been described so far. 2.  Anesthetized brown Norway rats were administered single doses of nor-NOHA (10, 30 or 90 mg/kg) intravenously (i.v.), intraperitonealy (i.p.) or via intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of aerosol. Plasma nor-NOHA was assayed using a validated HPLC method. 3.  Upon i.v. administration, the mean concentration showed a biphasic decline and its value dropped below 10% of the maximum after 20 min. The pharmacokinetics were linear with the total and inter-compartmental clearances of 33 and 17 mL/min/kg, central and peripheral volumes of distribution of 0.19 and 0.43 L/kg and terminal half-life of 30 min. 4.  The average absolute bioavailability of nor-NOHA after i.p. and i.t. delivery was 98% and 53%, respectively. The absorption from the airways was rate-limiting and its extent decreased with the dose. 5.  In conclusion, nor-NOHA is rapidly cleared from the plasma in concordance with the short time window of its in vivo inhibitory activity reported in the literature. I.t. instillation of aerosol for topical effects of nor-NOHA in the airways is characterized with significant systemic availability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Havlinova
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Babicova
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hroch
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chladek
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006207:Half-Life; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C404735:N(omega)-hydroxynorarginine; D001120:Arginine; D001119:Arginase