title: Association of high-risk human papillomavirus infection with oral epithelial dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of oral epithelial dysplasia for biologically significant human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive cases of high-grade dysplasia and 37 cases of low-grade dysplasia were examined for p16(INK4a) expression by immunohistochemistry. High-risk HPV infection was assessed in p16-positive cases using in situ hybridization. Proliferation index was assessed with MIB-1 immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of 40 high-grade dysplasias and one of 37 low-grade dysplasias were p16 positive. High-risk HPV was detected in seven cases of p16-positive high-grade dysplasia. The difference between high- and low-grade dysplasia was statistically significant (P = .01). HPV-positive high-grade dysplasias showed a distinctive histologic appearance and MIB-1 labeling pattern. Most high-risk HPV-positive cases were seen in the floor of mouth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-risk HPV was associated with a subset of cases of severe epithelial dysplasia/carcinoma in situ that demonstrated diffuse loss of squamous differentiation and a high proliferation index.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. christina.mccord@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCord
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Richard John
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McComb
authors.forename: Bayardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Perez-Ordonez
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000821:virology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000502:physiology; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18; D052163:Human papillomavirus 6 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D009060:Mouth Floor / Q000821:virology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000821:virology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000821:virology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000821:virology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000821:virology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen