title: Low serum long-acting natriuretic peptide level correlates with metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long-acting natriuretic peptide (LANP) is one of the peptide hormones in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) prohormone. Its biological properties are blood pressure regulation, maintenance of plasma volume and anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and fasting serum LANP concentration in hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting blood samples were obtained from 224 patients with or without hypertension. MetS and its components were defined using diagnostic criteria from the International Diabetes Federation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-eight hypertensive patients (59.5 %) had MetS. Hypertensive patients with MetS had higher body weight (p = 0.003), waist circumference (p = 0.003), body mass index (p = 0.002), triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.029), insulin levels (p = 0.001), HOMA-IR (p <0.003) and HOMA-β (p = 0.049) and lower HDL-C concentrations (p = 0.001), LANP levels (p = 0.012) than those without MetS. The univariable linear regression analysis showed that age (p = 0.038) and the BUN concentration (p = 0.022) were positively correlated with the serum LANP levels, whereas the insulin level (p = 0.001), HOMA-IR (p = 0.004), and HOMA-β (p = 0.001) were negatively correlated with the fasting serum LANP levels among the hypertensive patients. Multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis of the significant variables showed that the HOMA-β (β = -0.387, R(2) = 0.141, p <0.001) was an independent predictor of fasting serum LANP levels in hypertensive patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LANP level is significantly reduced in hypertensive patients affected by MetS and is negatively related to pancreatic beta cell function in hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Che
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Ji-Hung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chung-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yu-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hung-Hsiang
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Bang-Gee
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014280:Triglycerides; C054547:atrial natriuretic factor prohormone (1-30), human; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor