title: Gas-pressurized dispersive powder flow tester for low volume sample characterization.
abstract: The conventional powder flow testers require sample volumes larger than 40g and are met with experimental hiccups due to powder cohesion. This study designed a gas-pressurized dispersive powder flow tester where a high velocity air is used to disaggregate powder (9g) and eliminate its cohesion. The pressurized gas entrained solid particles leaving an orifice where the distance, surface area, width and weight of particle dispersion thereafter are determined as flow index. The flow indices of seven lactose grades with varying size, size distribution, shape, morphology, bulk and tapped densities characteristics were examined. They were compared against Hausner ratio and Carr's index parameters of the same powder mass. Both distance and surface area attributes of particle dispersion had significant negative correlations with Hausner ratio and Carr's index values of lactose. The distance, surface area and ease of particle dispersion varied proportionately with circular equivalent, surface weighted mean and volume weighted mean diameters of lactose, and inversely related to their specific surface area and elongation characteristics. Unlike insensitive Hausner ratio and Carr's index, an increase in elongation property of lactose particles was detectable through reduced powder weight loss from gas-pressurized dispersion as a result of susceptible particle blockage at orifice. The gas-pressurized dispersive tester is a useful alternative flowability measurement device for low volume and cohesive powder.
authors.affiliation: Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ainnur Marlyana Abd
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Majid
authors.forename: Tin Wui
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D011312:Pressure; D012212:Rheology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D007785:Lactose; D009584:Nitrogen