title: Systematic review on the evidences of an association between tinnitus and depression.
abstract: Tinnitus has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, however there are still several questions regarding such association.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the scientific evidence on the associations between symptoms of depression, depression, and tinnitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Lilacs, and SciELO scientific databases. This review included studies published in Portuguese, Spanish, or English correlating tinnitus with depression; letters to the editor and case reports were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 64 studies were identified, of which only 20 met the inclusion criteria and only 2 were case-control clinical trials. The majority of the studies (n = 18) found that depression is associated with tinnitus, either as a predisposition - resulting in poor adaptation to tinnitus or as a consequence of severe disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An overall assessment of all of the selected studies suggests at least 3 possible associations between depression and tinnitus: depression affecting tinnitus, tinnitus predisposing individuals to depression, and tinnitus appearing as a comorbidity in patients with depression. There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in individuals with tinnitus, but the mechanisms by which depression and tinnitus mutually interact, are not fully understood.
authors.affiliation: EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Geocze
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mucci
authors.forename: Denise Caluta
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Abranches
authors.forename: Mario Alfredo de
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.forename: Norma de Oliveira
authors.initials: Nde O
authors.lastname: Penido
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000523:psychology*