title: In vivo metabolism of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in young whole pumpkin plant.
abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely distributed persistent organic pollutants. In vitro and in vivo research using various animal models have shown that PBDEs might be transformed to hydroxylated PBDEs, but there are few studies on in vivo metabolism of PBDEs by intact whole plants. In this research, pumpkin plants (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) were hydroponically exposed to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47). A debromination product (BDE-28) and four hydroxylated metabolites (5-OH-BDE-47, 6-OH-BDE-47, 4'-OH-BDE-49, and 4-OH-BDE-42) were detected in different parts of the whole plant. In addition, 4-methoxylated-2,2',3,4'-tetraBDE (4-MeO-BDE-42) was observed as a methoxylation product. Root exudates in solution were found to play an important role in metabolizing BDE-47 to a specific OH-PBDE: 4'-OH-BDE-49. BDE-28 was found to translocate more easily and accumulate in shoots than BDE-47 due to the lower hydrophobicity and molecular weight. The concentration ratio between metabolites and parent compound BDE-47 was lower for OH-PBDEs than that for both BDE-28 and 4-MeO-BDE-42. The metabolism pathway of BDE-47 in young whole plants was proposed in this study.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China.
authors.forename: Jianteng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jiyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuzhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Aiqian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Thanh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Guibin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D028464:Cucurbita / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D054879:Halogenation; D018527:Hydroponics; D006900:Hydroxylation; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether