title: Comparison of bacterial adherence to titanium versus polyurethane for cardiac implantable electronic devices.
abstract: Implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) has dramatically increased over the past several years. Although several preventive measures have been implemented, there has been a disproportional increase in the number of CIED-related infections. To evaluate the adherence of bacteria to polyurethane and titanium, the 2 surfaces that coat the CIED, we proceeded with an in vitro study using the most common microorganisms responsible for CIED-related infections. Original, unused 1 × 1 centimeter titanium and polyurethane flat plates were incubated with coagulase-negative staphylococci, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Each experiment was repeated 5 times. After incubating the titanium and polyurethane plates for 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours, all 3 organisms displayed a higher grade of bacterial adherence to the polyurethane versus titanium surfaces (p = 0.01). In conclusion, to decrease the rate of bacterial adherence, especially during the immediate postimplantation period when the CIED is at high risk for bacterial adherence, colonization, and infection, it may be prudent to consider constructing CIED surfaces with a higher proportion of titanium over polyurethane. Animal studies are warranted to explore the relevance of these laboratory findings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. GMViola@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Viola
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
authors.forename: Issam I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Raad
authors.forename: Rabih O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Darouiche
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000382:microbiology*; D011140:Polyurethanes; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D011140:Polyurethanes; D014025:Titanium