title: Sphingosine-1-phosphate: distribution, metabolism and role in the regulation of cellular functions.
abstract: The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in regulation of cellular functions and cell protection is reviewed. S1P, along with other sphingolipid metabolites, is believed to act as an intracellular second messenger and as an extracellular mediator molecule. S1P chemistry, production and metabolism are described. Cellular receptors for S1P and their tissue specificity are described. Platelets and erythrocytes have a crucial significance in blood transport of S1P. Hypoxic conditions induce an increase in S1P, which initiates a set of cytoprotective events via its cellular receptors. S1P involvement in regulation of cell migration, myogenesis, control of skeletal muscle function is described. It is shown that S1P balance disturbances may mediate pathological state. S1P system implication in regulation of the most important cellular functions allows considering it as a prospective remedial target.
authors.affiliation: Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. vmorozov.g@gmail.com
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Morozov
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sakuta
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kalinski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000502:physiology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008246:Lysophospholipids; D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D013110:Sphingosine