title: Analysis and implications of changing hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) case loads in general surgery residency training for HPB surgery accreditation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to determine whether residents are receiving enough hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) training during general surgery residencies to exclude the necessity of pursuing formal fellowships in HPB surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trends in HPB surgery training were examined using Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) operative log data for the academic years 1999/2000 to 2009/2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 800,000 HPB operations performed annually in the USA, the proportion of HPB procedures performed by general surgery residents increased from 15% (122,007) to 18% (143,000) between the periods under study. Numbers of pancreatic, liver and biliary procedures performed by graduating general surgery residents increased by 47% (from 8185 to 12,006), 31% (from 7468 to 9765), and 14% (from 106,354 to 121,239), respectively. The mean number of operations undertaken by a graduating resident increased from 8.3 to 11.5 (38% increase) for pancreatic surgeries, from 7.6 to 9.4 (24% increase) for liver surgeries, and from 107.5 to 116.6 (8% increase) for biliary surgeries. Total numbers of complex pancreatic, liver and biliary procedures increased by 91% (from 4768 to 9129) and 24% (from 6649 to 8233), and decreased by 29% (from 6581 to 4648), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall trend shows an increase in the number of HPB procedures undertaken by graduating general surgery residents. The mean number of procedures exceeds ACGME requirements, but falls short of association guidelines. However, certain residents exceed International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (IHPBA) fellowship requirements for total and complex procedures during residency. Consideration should be given to those residents to allow them to bypass fellowship training provided that they meet other IHPBA standards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Southfield, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Sally Sayeh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Daee
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000193:education* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000639:trends; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D016526:Workload