title: The prognostic implication of metabolic syndrome in patients with heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of MetS in patients with HF and determine the syndrome's association with HF in clinical and laboratory parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3200 HF patients (67.6±14.5 years) enrolled in a nationwide prospective Korea HF Registry between Jan. 2005 and Oct. 2009. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of MetS at admission: group I (presence, n=1141) and group II (absence, n=2059).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MetS was 35.7% across all subjects and was higher in females (56.0%). The levels of white blood cells, platelets, creatinine, glucose, and cholesterol were significantly higher in group I than in group II. Left ventricular dimension and volume was smaller and ejection fraction was higher in group I than in group II. An ischemic cause of HF was more frequent in group I. The rates of valvular and idiopathic cause were lower in group I than in group II. The rate of mortality was lower in group I than in group II (4.9% vs. 8.3%, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the increased cardiovascular risks in MetS, MetS was found to be associated with decreased mortality in HF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Youngkeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Kye Hun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dong-Ju
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seongwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Eun-Seok
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Myung-Chan
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jae-Joong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Su
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Mi-Seung
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: In-Whan
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Seok-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yung-Jo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung Seop
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shung Chull
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Byung-Hee
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Myung-Mook
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyu-Hyung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ryu
keywords: Heart failure; Metabolic syndrome