title: 6-gingerol inhibits rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: We investigated the effects of 6-gingerol ((S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone) on the inhibition of rosiglitazone (RGZ)-induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The morphological changes were photographed based on staining lipid accumulation by Oil-Red O in RGZ (1 µmol/l)-treated 3T3-L1 cells without or with various concentrations of 6-gingerol on differentiation day 8. Quantitation of triglycerides content was performed in cells on day 8 after differentiation induction. Differentiated cells were lysed to detect mRNA and protein levels of adipocyte-specific transcription factors by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. 6-gingerol (50 µmol/l) effectively suppressed oil droplet accumulation and reduced the sizes of the droplets in RGZ-induced adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. The triglyceride accumulation induced by RGZ in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells was also reduced by 6-gingerol (50 µmol/l). Treatment of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with 6-gingerol (50 µmol/l) antagonized RGZ-induced gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α. Additionally, the increased levels of mRNA and protein in adipocyte-specific fatty acid binding protein 4 and fatty acid synthase induced by RGZ in 3T3-L1 cells were decreased upon treatment with 6-gingerol. Our data suggests that 6-gingerol may be beneficial in obesity, by reducing adipogenesis partly through the down-regulating PPARγ activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Pao Chien Hospital, Ping Tung City, Pingtung County, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Thing-Fong
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Tzeng
authors.forename: Chia Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: I-Min
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D002396:Catechols; C493411:Fabp4 protein, mouse; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; C007845:gingerol; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases
keywords: 3T3-L1 cells; 6-gingerol; adipogenesis; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; rosiglitazone