title: Lip augmentation dermal filler reactions, histopathologic features.
abstract: Instances of perioral and labial foreign body reactions to a variety of injectable dermal fillers were selected from the oral and maxillofacial pathology and dermatopathology archives at Pacific Pathology Laboratory of San Diego with the objective being to engender a compilation of histopathologic characteristics that allow the pathologist to identify the inciting materials. All cases of foreign body reactions located in the lips and perioral regions were reviewed by four pathologists, retaining those cases with a history of injection lip augmentation as well as those with histologic features previously documented to represent dermal filler substances. In selected cases, Alcian blue pH 2.5 with and without hyaluronidase pretreatment was performed. Immunohistochemical markers for macrophages (CD 68), adipocytes (S-100) and keratinocytes (AE1/AE2) were undertaken. All instances presented as single or multiple submucosal plaques, nodules or swellings. Natural polymers including collagen, hyaluronate, hydroxyapatite, poly-L-lactate and synthetic polymers including carboxymethyl cellulose, dimethylpolysiloxane, and polyethyl methacrylate induce histologically unique features that allow for their identification. Host histopathologic responses included nodule without foreign body reaction, nodule with chronic inflammation, granuloma with epithelioid histiocytic and multinucleated giant cell reaction. Dermal filler foreign body host reactions in conjunction with the morphology of the foreign materials themselves are unique and can be differentiated from one another microscopically.
authors.affiliation: Oral Pathology Diagnostic Services, San Diego, CA 92123, USA. LREBGE@COX.NET
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eversole
authors.forename: Khahn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Doyle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003094:Collagen; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011108:Polymers / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003094:Collagen