title: Composition and diversity of the duodenal mucosa-associated microbiome in children with untreated coeliac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease (CD). Studies comparing intestinal microbiome in children with and without CD are contradictory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the composition and diversity of the duodenal mucosa-associated microbiome in children with untreated CD and control children without CD and to identify specific gut bacteria associated with CD at diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total microbiome profile in small bowel biopsies of 42 children (21 with untreated CD and 21 age-matched controls) were analyzed by means of IS-pro, a 16S-23S interspacer (IS) region-based profiling method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups showed a similar mucosa-associated microbiome pattern and diversity, with high concentrations of the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mucosa-associated duodenal microbiome composition and diversity did not differ between children with untreated CD and control children. Duodenal mucosa-associated bacteria do not seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. t.demeij@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Tim G J
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: de Meij
authors.forename: Andries E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Budding
authors.forename: Mathijs E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Grasman
authors.forename: C M Frank
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kneepkens
authors.forename: Paul H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Savelkoul
authors.forename: M Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mearin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003013:Clostridium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004386:Duodenum / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D052200:Limosilactobacillus reuteri / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D054892:Metagenome / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial