title: SWISSPAQ: validation of a new physical activity questionnaire in cardiac rehabilitation patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical activity is known to play an important role in protection against cardiovascular disease. At present, there is no validated questionnaire recording physical activity for German-speaking cardiac patients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new physical activity questionnaire for German-speaking patients attending a cardiac rehabilitation programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire on physical activity was developed on the basis of personal and telephone interviews, using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The questionnaire was validated in 48 patients during or after cardiac rehabilitation. For this purpose, data on energy expenditure in MET (metabolic equivalent) hours per day, collected from the questionnaire, were compared with the results of combined heart rate and accelerometry measurement (ECG-accelerometry) using an ACTIHEART-monitor and a physical activity diary. Test-retest reliability was examined in a subset of 33 patients who completed the questionnaire twice within 3 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant correlation between the questionnaire data and the ECG-accelerometry (r = 0.407, p = 0.004). The mean (± standard deviation) difference between the results derived from the questionnaire and those from ECG-accelerometry was 1.05 ± 4.79 MET-hours per day. The retest showed a correlation of r = 0.624 (p <0.001) with a mean difference between the questionnaires of 0.06 ± 3.70 MET-hours per day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The physical activity questionnaire has acceptable validity and is reliable when assessing levels of physical activity in cardiac rehabilitation patients. It merits further evaluation in other subsets of cardiac patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland. b.caroline@gmx.ch
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bähler
authors.forename: Birna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bjarnason-Wehrens
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saner
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D055686:Metabolic Equivalent; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*