title: Effect of nanoscale topography of titanium implants on bone vessel network, osteocytes, and mineral densities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemical and physical properties of an implant surface have a major influence on the structure of peri-implant bone and thus may influence the clinical performance of the implant. This study aims to evaluate the bone microstructure around implants with and without added nanometer-sized calcium phosphate particles.
  
  
  METHODS
  An implant with dual acid-etched surface (control) and an implant with dual acid-etched surface and CaP nanoparticles (test) were placed in the posterior maxilla of 15 patients. Bone microstructure was evaluated for osteocyte density (OD), bone vessel volume density (BVVD), and bone mineral density (BMD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  BVVD was 1.806 ± 0.05 for test implants and 1.533 ± 0.10 for control implants (P <0.001). BMDlow was 17.4 × 10(4) µm(2) for test implants and 15.0 × 10(4) µm(2) for control implants (P = 0.025). Results from the BMDhigh comparison, test versus control, were not statistically significant (P >0.05). OD was 575.6 ± 63.7 mm(2) for test implants and 471.2 ± 61.9 mm(2) for control implants (P <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 8 weeks of healing, the bone microstructure around test implants appeared to be significantly more organized. Clinical implications of these results include shortened healing time and indication for earlier loading protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Tonino
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Traini
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murmura
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pettinicchio
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sinjari
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caputi
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017709:Fractals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D061848:Optical Imaging; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium