title: Determination of seven certified color additives in food products using liquid chromatography.
abstract: This study describes a new method for determining FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Blue No. 2, FD&C Green No. 3, FD&C Red No. 3, FD&C Red No. 40, FD&C Yellow No. 5, and FD&C Yellow No. 6 in food products. These seven color additives are water-soluble dyes that are required to be batch certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before they may be used in food and other FDA-regulated products. In the new method, the color additives are extracted from a product using one of two procedures developed for various product types, isolated from the noncolored components, and analyzed by liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The method was validated by determining linearity, range, precision, recovery from various matrices, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and relative standard deviation for each color additive. A survey of 44 food products, including beverages, frozen treats, powder mixes, gelatin products, candies, icings, jellies, spices, dressings, sauces, baked goods, and dairy products, found total color additives ranging from 1.9 to 1221 mg/kg. FDA intends to use the new method for conducting a rigorous, comprehensive dietary exposure assessment of certified color additives in products likely to be consumed by children.
authors.affiliation: Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States. Bhakti.Petigara@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Bhakti Petigara
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Harp
authors.forename: Enio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miranda-Bermudez
authors.forename: Julie N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Barrows
mesh_terms: D001190:Arylsulfonates / Q000032:analysis; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D007203:Indigo Carmine / Q000032:analysis; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D001190:Arylsulfonates; D001391:Azo Compounds; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D007203:Indigo Carmine